FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pagel, JM Gooley, T Rajendran, JG Fisher, DR Durack, L Gopal, AK Nemecek, ER Appelbaum, FR Press, OW AF Pagel, J. M. Gooley, T. Rajendran, J. G. Fisher, D. R. Durack, L. Gopal, A. K. Nemecek, E. R. Appelbaum, F. R. Press, O. W. TI Targeted radiotherapy using I-131-anti-CD45 antibody followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT): the relationships among dosimetry, bone marrow uptake, and relapse SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. 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McPherson, R. A. Meijers, F. Menges, W. Merritt, F. S. Mes, H. Meyer, N. Michelini, A. Mihara, S. Mikenberg, G. Miller, D. J. Moed, S. Mohr, W. Mori, T. Mutter, A. Nagai, K. Nakamura, I. Nanjo, H. Neal, H. A. Nisius, R. O'Neale, S. W. Oh, A. Oreglia, M. J. Orito, S. Pahl, C. Pasztor, G. Pater, J. R. Pilcher, J. E. Pinfold, J. Plane, D. E. Poli, B. Pooth, O. Przybycien, M. Quadt, A. Rabbertz, K. Rembser, C. Renkel, P. Roney, J. M. Rozen, Y. Runge, K. Sachs, K. Saeki, T. Sarkisyan, E. K. G. Schaile, A. D. Schaile, O. Scharff-Hansen, P. Schieck, J. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Schroeder, M. Schumacher, M. Scott, W. G. Seuster, R. Shears, T. G. Shen, B. C. Sherwood, P. Skuja, A. Smith, A. M. Sobie, R. Soldner-Rembold, S. Spano, F. Stahl, A. Strom, D. Stroehmer, R. Tarem, S. Tasevsky, M. Teuscher, R. Thomson, M. A. Torrence, E. Toya, D. Tran, P. Trigger, I. Trocsanyi, Z. Tsur, E. Turner-Watson, M. F. Ueda, I. Ujvari, B. Vollmer, C. F. Vannerem, P. Vertesi, R. Verzocchi, M. Voss, H. Vossebeld, J. Ward, C. P. Ward, D. R. Watkins, P. M. Watson, A. T. Watson, N. K. Wells, P. S. Wengler, T. Wermes, N. Wilson, G. W. Wilson, J. A. Wolf, G. Wyatt, T. R. Yamashita, S. Zer-Zion, D. Zivkovic, L. Heinemeyer, S. Pilaftsis, A. Weiglein, G. CA LEP Collaboration ALEPH Collaboration DELPHI Collaboration L3 Collaboration OPAL Collaboration LEP Working Grp Higgs Boson Search TI Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons at LEP SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; EXPLICIT CP VIOLATION; FLAVOR INDEPENDENT SEARCH; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; ROOT-S; ROOT-S=189 GEV; OPAL DETECTOR; Z(0) DECAYS; SUPERGAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AB The four LEP collaborations, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, have searched for the neutral Higgs bosons which are predicted by the Minimal Supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The data of the four collaborations are statistically combined and examined for their consistency with the background hypothesis and with a possible Higgs boson signal. The combined LEP data show no significant excess of events which would indicate the production of Higgs bosons. The search results are used to set upper bounds on the cross-sections of various Higgs-like event topologies. The results are interpreted within the MSSM in a number of "benchmark" models, including CP-conserving and CP-violating scenarios. These interpretations lead in all cases to large exclusions in the MSSM parameter space. Absolute limits are set on the parameter tan beta and, in some scenarios, on the masses of neutral Higgs bosons. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. IN2P3, CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74019 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. 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Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. INFN, Dipartimento Fis Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. INFN, Sezione Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. INAF, Sezione Torino, IFSI, Turin, Italy. Univ Montpellier 2, Grp Astroparticules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Barcelona, Barcelona 08208, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Vrije Univ Brussel VIB, IIHE, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Etat Mons, Fac Sci, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Athens, Phys Lab, Athens 10680, Greece. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22453 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Coll France, Lab phys Corp, IN2P3, CNRS, F-75231 Paris 05, France. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Phys Nucl, Athens 15310, Greece. CAS, High Energy Phys Div, FZU, Inst Phys, Prague 18040 8, Czech Republic. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. INFN, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Grenoble 1, IN2P3, CNRS, Inst Sci Nucl, F-38026 Grenoble, France. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki 00014, Finland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Head Post Off, Moscow 101000, Russia. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. PAN, Inst Phys Nucl, PL-31142 Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Lancaster, Sch Phys & Chem, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. FCUL, IST, LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22363 Lund, Sweden. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Charles Univ Prague, IPNP, MFF, Areal MFF, Prague 18000 8, Czech Republic. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15773, Greece. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo 0316, Norway. Univ Oviedo, Dpto Fis, Oviedo 33007, Spain. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX11 0QX, Didcot, England. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma 3, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. INFN, I-00146 Rome, Italy. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. UC, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander 39006, Spain. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Moscow Reg, Russia. J Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Nova Gorica Polytech, Lab Astroparticle Phys, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Stockholm, Fysikum, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. IFIC, CSIC, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain. Univ Valencia, DFAMN, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain. Osterr Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Univ, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. IHEP, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, Bucharest 76900, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest 76900, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Debrecen, ATOMKI, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nul Lyon, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, Spain. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Napoli, Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Phys, Nicosia, Cyprus. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Potenza, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Napoli, Naples, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Phys, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Montreal, Phys Nucl Lab, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, Particle Phys Dept, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Hamburg, DESY, Inst Phys Expt, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Nucl Res Inst, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Nucl Res Inst, Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Dept Expt Phys, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. MPI Munchen, Munich, Germany. Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Zaragoza, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. CERN, Div TH, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Schael, S (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Horvath, Dezso/A-4009-2011; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; ANTONELLI, ANTONELLA/C-6238-2011; Katsanevas, Stavros/A-4297-2011; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/A-5598-2009; De Angelis, Alessandro/B-5372-2009; Passalacqua, Luca/F-5127-2011; Verzi, Valerio/B-1149-2012; Bailey, Ian/C-4011-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; Petrolini, Alessandro/H-3782-2011; Giacomelli, Paolo/B-8076-2009; Focardi, Ettore/E-7376-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; Amapane, Nicola/J-3683-2012; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Guida, MIchele/J-4714-2012; Valassi, Andrea/K-7506-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013; Colas, Paul/F-2876-2013; Travnicek, Petr/G-8814-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Chudoba, Jiri/G-7737-2014; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Tome, Bernardo/J-4410-2013; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/L-2341-2014; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Fernandez, Enrique/L-5387-2014; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Ruiz, Hugo/H-4141-2013; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Goncalves, Patricia /D-8229-2013; Boyko, Igor/J-3659-2013; Moraes, Danielle/J-5129-2013; Anjos, Nuno/I-3918-2013; Castro, Nuno/D-5260-2011; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; gandelman, miriam/N-3739-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; Achard, Pablo/C-2983-2009; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/G-4346-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Musy, Marco/H-6957-2015; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Hansen, John/B-9058-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/J-4620-2015; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Pacheco Pages, Andres/C-5353-2011; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Olshevskiy, Alexander/I-1580-2016; Rames, Jiri/H-2450-2014; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Casado, Pilar/H-1484-2015; Paul, Stephan/F-7596-2015; Paul, Stephan/K-9237-2016; Abreu, Pedro/L-2220-2014; zhou, hua/A-6862-2017; Ligabue, Franco/F-3432-2014; OI Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/0000-0002-2129-1279; Bailey, Ian/0000-0002-8020-3662; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Petrolini, Alessandro/0000-0003-0222-7594; Focardi, Ettore/0000-0002-3763-5267; Amapane, Nicola/0000-0001-9449-2509; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Guida, MIchele/0000-0002-1108-5391; Valassi, Andrea/0000-0001-9322-9565; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Fernandez, Enrique/0000-0002-6405-9488; Goncalves, Patricia /0000-0003-2042-3759; Boyko, Igor/0000-0002-3355-4662; Moraes, Danielle/0000-0002-5175-3200; Castro, Nuno/0000-0001-8491-4376; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; Achard, Pablo/0000-0002-4865-3196; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/0000-0002-2287-4791; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Musy, Marco/0000-0002-3364-8909; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Hansen, John/0000-0002-8422-5543; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Pacheco Pages, Andres/0000-0001-8210-1734; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Olshevskiy, Alexander/0000-0002-8902-1793; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Casado, Pilar/0000-0002-0394-5646; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Abreu, Pedro/0000-0002-9973-7314; Sachs, Kirsten/0000-0002-6912-5800; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Thomson, Mark/0000-0002-2654-9005; Chiarella, Vitaliano/0000-0002-4210-2924; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Anjos, Nuno/0000-0002-0018-0633; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Bloch-Devaux, Brigitte/0000-0002-2463-1232; Awunor, Onuora/0000-0002-2636-9709; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Buesser, Karsten/0000-0002-3700-4705; Matteuzzi, Clara/0000-0002-4047-4521; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; RASO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-5660-3711; Veloso, Filipe/0000-0002-5956-4244; Andringa, Sofia/0000-0002-6397-9207; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Watson, Nigel/0000-0002-8142-4678; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Della Volpe, Domenico/0000-0001-8530-7447; Martinez Rodriguez, Manel/0000-0002-9763-9155; Cranmer, Kyle/0000-0002-5769-7094; Finch, Alexander/0000-0002-5433-6031; Garrido Beltran, Lluis/0000-0001-8883-6539; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Tabarelli de Fatis, Tommaso/0000-0001-6262-4685; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414 NR 122 TC 512 Z9 512 U1 16 U2 134 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 547 EP 587 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02569-7 PG 41 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YO UT WOS:000241559900001 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S AF Chekanov, S. TI A new jet algorithm based on the k-means clustering for the reconstruction of heavy states from jets SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB A jet algorithm based on the k-means clustering procedure is proposed which can be used for the invariant-mass reconstruction of heavy states decaying to hadronic jets. The proposed algorithm was tested by reconstructing e(+)e(-)-> t(t)over bar -> 6 jets and e(+)e(-)-> W+W--> 4 jets processes at root s=500 GeV using a Monte Carlo simulation. It was shown that the algorithm has a reconstruction efficiency similar to traditional jet-finding algorithms, and leads to 25% and 40% improvement of the top-quark and W mass resolution, respectively, compared to the k(T) (Durham) algorithm. In addition, it is expected that the peak positions measured with the new algorithm have smaller systematical uncertainty. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chekanov@mail.desy.de NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02618-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098YO UT WOS:000241559900004 ER PT J AU Daya, ZA Ben-Naim, E Ecke, RE AF Daya, Z. A. Ben-Naim, E. Ecke, R. E. TI Experimental characterization of vibrated granular rings SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; CHAINS; LAYERS; GAS AB We report an experimental study of the statistical properties of vibrated granular rings. In this system, a linked rod and bead metallic chain in the form of a ring is collisionally excited by a vertically oscillating plate. The dynamics are driven primarily by inelastic bead-plate collisions and are simultaneously constrained by the rings' physical connectedness. By imaging many instances of the ring configurations, we measure the ensemble averages and distributions of several physical characteristics on the scale of individual beads and composite ring. We study local properties such as inter-bead separation and inter-bonds angles, and global properties such as the radius of gyration and center-of-mass motion. We characterize scaling with respect to the size of the chain. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daya, ZA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ecke@lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1140/epje/i2006-10038-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 104HR UT WOS:000241950000001 PM 17031462 ER PT J AU Lambert, F Clerouin, J Mazevet, S AF Lambert, F. Clerouin, J. Mazevet, S. TI Structural and dynamical properties of hot dense matter by a Thomas-Fermi-Dirac molecular dynamics SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; IONIZED MATTER; TRANSPORT AB We use a model combining, in a consistent way, orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), to compute the thermodynamical, structural and dynamical properties of Fe and Au plasmas at conditions relevant to astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The newly developed parallel numerical scheme presented here allows to propagate hundreds of particles and to obtain accurate transport properties. This allows us to investigate the validity of the commonly used one-component plasma (OCP) model in predicting the pair correlation, the diffusion and viscosity coefficients for these two high-temperature high-density plasmas. C1 CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lambert, F (reprint author), CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM flavien.lambert@cea.fr RI Clerouin, jean/D-8528-2015 OI Clerouin, jean/0000-0003-2144-2759 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10184-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 075JT UT WOS:000239881700001 ER PT J AU Lidbury, DPG Sherry, AH Bass, BR Gilles, P Connors, D Eisele, U Keim, E Keinanen, H Wallin, K Lauerova, D Marie, S Nagel, G Nilsson, K Siegele, D Wadier, Y AF Lidbury, D. P. G. Sherry, A. H. Bass, B. R. Gilles, P. Connors, D. Eisele, U. Keim, E. Keinanen, H. Wallin, K. Lauerova, D. Marie, S. Nagel, G. Nilsson, K. Siegele, D. Wadier, Y. TI Validation of constraint-based methodology in structural integrity of ferritic steels for nuclear reactor pressure vessels SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cleavage; constraint; fracture toughness; Master Curve ID BRITTLE-FRACTURE; SHALLOW DEFECTS; PARAMETERS; COMPONENTS; TRANSITION; CRACK AB VOCALIST (validation of constraint-based methodology in structural integrity) was a shared cost action project co-financed by DG Research of the European Commission under the Fifth Framework of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The motivation for VOCALIST was based on the understanding that the pattern of crack-tip stresses and strains causing plastic flow and fracture in components is different to that in test specimens. This gives rise to the so-called constraint effect. Crack-tip constraint in components is generally lower than in test specimens. Effective toughness is correspondingly higher. The fracture toughness measured on test specimens is thus likely to underestimate that exhibited by cracks in components. The purpose of VOCALIST was to develop validated models of the constraint effect and associated best practice advice, with the objective of aiding improvements in defect assessment methodology for predicting safety margins and making component lifetime management decisions. The main focus in VOCALIST was an assessment of constraint effects on the cleavage fracture toughness of ferritic steels used in the fabrication of nuclear reactor pressure vessels, because of relevance to the development of improved safety assessments for plant under postulated accident conditions. This paper provides a detailed summary of the main results and conclusions from VOCALIST and points out their contribution to advances in constraint-based methodology for structural integrity assessment. In particular, the output from VOCALIST has improved confidence in the use of K-J - T-stress and K-J -Q approaches to assessments of cleavage fracture where the effects of in-plane constraint are dominant. Cleavage fracture models based on the Weibull stress, sigma(W), have been shown to be reliable, although current best practice advice suggests that sigma(W) should be computed in terms of hydrostatic stress (as distinct from maximum principal stress) for problems involving out-of-plane loading. Correspondingly, the results suggest that the hydrostatic parameter, Q(H), is the appropriate one with which to characterize crack-tip constraint in analysing such problems. The materials characterization test results generated as part of VOCALIST have provided added confidence in the use of sub-size specimens to determine the Master Curve reference temperature, T-0, for as-received and degraded ferritic RPV materials. The usefulness of correlating the Master Curve reference temperature, T-0, with the constraint parameter, Q, has been demonstrated; however, the trend curves derived require further development and validation before they can be used in fracture analyses. The output from VOCALIST has contributed in providing the validation of methodology necessary to underpin the diffusion of constraint-based fracture mechanics arguments in RPV safety cases, with potential applications including WWER as well as Western-style LWR reactor types. C1 Serco Assurance, Engn Integr Grp, Warrington, Cheshire, England. Univ Manchester, Mat Performance Ctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. AREVA NP SAS, Paris, France. British Nucl Grp, Oldbury, England. Univ Stuttgart, MPA, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. AREVA NP GmbH, Erlangen, Germany. VTT, Mfg Technol, Espoo, Finland. NRI, Rez, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EON Energie, Hannover, Germany. EC JRC IE, Petten, Netherlands. IWM, Freiburg, Germany. EDF R&D, Clamart, France. RP Lidbury, DPG (reprint author), Serco Assurance, Engn Integr Grp, Warrington, Cheshire, England. EM david.lidbury@serco.com RI marie, stephane/I-2043-2013 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9-10 BP 829 EP 849 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2006.01057.x PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 072WO UT WOS:000239703900014 ER PT J AU Zubieta, C Blanchoin, L Cusack, S AF Zubieta, Chloe Blanchoin, Laurent Cusack, Stephen TI Structural and biochemical characterization of a human adenovirus 2/12 penton base chimera SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; crystal structure; fiber; fluorescence anisotropy; penton ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T4 FIBRITIN; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS; INTERNALIZATION; PURIFICATION; VECTOR; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ENDOCYTOSIS; RESOLUTION AB The vertex of the adenoviral capsid is formed by the penton, a complex of two proteins, the pentameric penton base and the trimeric fiber protein. The penton contains all necessary components for viral attachment and entry into the host cell. After initial attachment via the head domain of the fiber protein, the penton base interacts with cellular integrins through an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif located in a hypervariable surface loop, triggering virus internalization. In order to investigate the structural and functional role of this region, we replaced the hypervariable loop of serotype 2 with the corresponding, but much shorter, loop of serotype 12 and compared it to the wild type. Here, we report the 3.6 angstrom crystal structure of a human adenovirus 2/12 penton base chimera crystallized as a dodecamer. The structure is generally similar to human adenovirus 2 penton base, with the main differences localized to the fiber protein-binding site. Fluorescence anisotropy assays using a trimeric fiber protein mimetic called the minifiber and wild-type human adenovirus 2 and chimeric penton base demonstrate that fiber protein binding is independent of the hypervariable loop, with a K-d for fiber binding estimated in the 1-2 mu M range. Interestingly, competition assays using labeled and unlabeled minifiber demonstrated virtually irreversible binding to the penton base, which we ascribe to a conformational change, on the basis of comparisons of all available penton base structures. C1 European Mol Biol Lab, Grenoble Outstn, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, INRA,Lab Physiol Cellulaire Vegetale, Commissariat Energie Atom,UMR 5168, Grenoble, France. RP Zubieta, C (reprint author), SLAC SSRL, 2575 Sandhill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM czubieta@slac.stanford.edu OI Zubieta, Chloe/0000-0003-4558-9333; Cusack, Stephen/0000-0002-9324-0796 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 273 IS 18 BP 4336 EP 4345 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05430.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 079BE UT WOS:000240149700020 PM 16939624 ER PT J AU Zelinski, MB Pau, F Murphy, M Lawson, M Fanton, J Tilly, J AF Zelinski, M. B. Pau, F. Murphy, M. Lawson, M. Fanton, J. Tilly, J. TI Intraovarian delivery of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) protects ovarian follicles from X-irradiation damage in rhesus monkeys. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, Beaverton, OR USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Natl Primate Res Ctr, Dept Surg, Beaverton, OR USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Ctr Reprod Biol, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S95 EP S95 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.254 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500222 ER PT J AU Lilyestrom, W Klein, MG Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Chen, XJS AF Lilyestrom, Wayne Klein, Michael G. Zhang, Rongguang Joachimiak, Andrzej Chen, Xiaojiang S. TI Crystal structure of SV40 large T-antigen bound to p53: interplay between a viral oncoprotein and a cellular tumor suppressor SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cell transformation; cell growth control; tumor suppressor; viral oncoprotein ID DNA-REPLICATION; J-DOMAIN; PROTEIN; SIMIAN-VIRUS-40; BINDING; TRANSFORMATION; MUTATIONS; RETINOBLASTOMA; INHIBITION; HELICASE AB The transformation potential of Simian Virus 40 depends on the activities of large T-antigen (LTag), which interacts with several cellular tumor suppressors including the important "guardian" of the genome, p53. Inhibition of p53 function by LTag is necessary for both efficient viral replication and cellular transformation. We determined the crystal structure of LTag in complex with p53. The structure reveals an unexpected hexameric complex of LTag binding six p53 monomers. Structure-guided mutagenesis of LTag and p53 residues supported the p53-LTag interface defined by the complex structure. The structure also shows that LTag binding induces dramatic conformational changes at the DNA-binding area of p53, which is achieved partially through an unusual "methionine switch" within p53. In the complex structure, LTag occupies the whole p53 DNA-binding surface and likely interferes with formation of a functional p53 tetramer. In addition, we showed that p53 inhibited LTag helicase function through direct complex formation. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, XJS (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM Xiaojiang.Chen@USC.edu NR 46 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 17 BP 2373 EP 2382 DI 10.1101/gad1456306 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 081FU UT WOS:000240303400007 PM 16951253 ER PT J AU Harmer, SL Thomas, JE Fornasiero, D Gerson, AR AF Harmer, Sarah L. Thomas, Joan E. Fornasiero, Daniel Gerson, Andrea R. TI The evolution of surface layers formed during chalcopyrite leaching SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PYRRHOTITE DISSOLUTION; SULFIDE FLOTATION; XPS ANALYSIS; CUFES2; SPECTROSCOPY; AIR; REACTIVITY; SPECIATION AB Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) leaching in perchloric acid (HClO4) at an initial pH of one and a temperature of 85 degrees C has been examined. The rate of leaching of Cu and Fe increased progressively over the duration of the experiment. The Cu leach rate was initially greater (up to 24 h) but thereafter the leach rates for Cu and Fe were approximately equal. After 313 h 81% Cu release was achieved at which time the leach experiment was terminated. Only 25% of the available S was released into solution during the leaching process. Surface speciation over the duration of the leach was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, a three-step reaction pathway is proposed. The first oxidation step involves the release of Cu and Fe into solution and the polymerisation of monosulfide (S2-) to polysulfide S-n(2-). The subsequent reduction step does not result in the release of cations to solution but does result in the reformation of surface S2- and other short chain polysulfides, which then on further oxidation restructure to form crystalline elemental sulfur (S-0). This final oxidation step is accompanied by further cation release. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gerson, AR (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM Andrea.Gerson@unisa.edu.au RI Gerson, Andrea/F-4268-2013; Harmer, Sarah/G-5572-2016 OI Harmer, Sarah/0000-0002-5627-5500 NR 39 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 17 BP 4392 EP 4402 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1555 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 085KA UT WOS:000240601800007 ER PT J AU Maher, K DePaolo, DJ Christensen, JN AF Maher, Kate DePaolo, Donald J. Christensen, John N. TI U-Sr isotopic speedometer: Fluid flow and chemical weathering rates in aquifers SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS; TH-SERIES NUCLIDES; SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; DISSOLUTION RATES; GRANITIC ALLUVIUM; PASCO BASIN; PORE FLUIDS; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER AB Both chemical weathering rates and fluid flow are difficult to measure in natural systems. However, these parameters are critical for understanding the hydrochemical evolution of aquifers, predicting the fate and transport of contaminants, and for water resources/water quality considerations. Sr-87/Sr-86 and (U-234/U-238) activity ratios are sensitive indicators of water-rock interaction, and thus provide a means of quantifying both flow and reactivity. The Sr-87/Sr-86 values in ground waters are controlled by the ratio of the dissolution rate to the flow rate. Similarly, the (U-234/U-238) ratio of natural ground waters is a balance between the flow rate and the dissolution of solids, and alpha-recoil loss Of U-234 from the solids. By coupling these two isotope systems it is possible to constrain both the long-term (ca. 100's to 1000's of years) flow rate and bulk dissolution rate along the flow path. Previous estimates of the ratio of the dissolution rate to the infiltration flux from Sr isotopes (Sr-87/Sr-86) are combined with a model for (U-234/U-238) to constrain the infiltration flux and dissolution rate for a 70-m deep vadose zone core from Hanford, Washington. The coupled model for both (U-234/U-238) ratios and the Sr-87/(86) Sr data suggests an infiltration flux of 5 +/- 2 mm/yr, and bulk silicate dissolution rates between 10(-15.7) and 10(-16.5) mol/m(2)/s. The process of alpha-recoil enrichment, while primarily responsible for the observed variation in (U-234/U-231) of natural systems, is difficult to quantify. However, the rate of this process in natural systems affects the interpretation of most U-series data. Models for quantifying the alpha-recoil loss fraction based on geometric predictions, surface area constraints, and chemical methods are also presented. The agreement between the chemical and theoretical methods, such as direct measurement of (U-234/U-238) of the small grain size fraction and geometric calculations for that size fraction, is quite good. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maher, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM katem@eps.berkeley.edu RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010; Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064; NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 17 BP 4417 EP 4435 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1559 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 085KA UT WOS:000240601800009 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Srinivasan, TG Garnov, AY Zanonato, P Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A AF Rao, Linfeng Srinivasan, Thandankorai G. Garnov, Alexander Yu. Zanonato, PierLuigi Di Bernardo, Plinio Bismondo, Arturo TI Response to the comment by V. Neck on "Hydrolysis of neptunium(V) at variable temperatures (10-85 degrees C)", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 4821-4830 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material ID IONIC-STRENGTH; SOLUBILITY; 25-DEGREES-C; NP(V); MEDIA C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR Padova, Ist Chim Inorgan & Superf, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 17 BP 4556 EP 4562 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.002 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 085KA UT WOS:000240601800019 ER PT J AU Sorokine, A Bittner, T Renschler, C AF Sorokine, Alexandre Bittner, Thomas Renschler, Chris TI Ontological investigation of a multiscale ecosystem classification using the "National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units" as an example SO GEOINFORMATICA LA English DT Article DE principles; multiscale classifications; geographic classifications AB This paper presents a formalized ontological framework for the analysis of multiscale classifications of geographic objects. We propose a set of logical principles that guide such geographic classifications. These principles are represented as definitions and axioms of the first-order predicate logic. Then we demonstrate an application of these principles with a practical example of the "National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units." The study presents a minimal set of entities and relation need for such formalizations and emphasizes the need to distinguish clearly between classes of ecosystems and ecosystems-individuals physically located on the Earth surface. The ontological framework proposed in the paper has the potential to be used to facilitate interoperability between such geographic classifications. C1 Univ Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY USA. Univ Buffalo, Dept Philosophy, Buffalo, NY USA. Univ Buffalo, New York State Ctr Excellence Bioinformat & Life, Buffalo, NY USA. Univ Buffalo, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Sorokine, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sorokina@ornl.gov; bittner3@buffalo.edu; rensch@buffalo.edu RI Bittner, Thomas/B-4543-2010; Sorokine, Alexandre/G-5746-2013; OI Bittner, Thomas/0000-0003-4204-1532; Renschler, Chris S./0000-0002-7462-6386 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-6175 J9 GEOINFORMATICA JI Geoinformatica PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 313 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s10707-006-9830-0 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA 113UV UT WOS:000242624200004 ER PT J AU Parsons, T Thompson, GA Cogbill, AH AF Parsons, Tom Thompson, George A. Cogbill, Allen H. TI Earthquake and volcano clustering via stress transfer at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE earthquake; volcano; magmatism; hazard; nuclear waste repository; clustering; stress transfer; Yucca Mountain; extension; basin and range province- ID FIELD; SEISMICITY; FRAMEWORK; PATTERNS; STRAIN; REGION AB The proposed national high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain is close to Quaternary cinder cones and faults with Quaternary slip. Volcano eruption and earthquake frequencies are low, with indications of spatial and temporal clustering, making probabilistic assessments difficult. In an effort to identify the most likely intrusion sites, we based a three-dimensional finite-element model on the expectation that faulting and basalt intrusions are sensitive to the magnitude and orientation of the least principal stress in extensional terranes. We found that in the absence of fault slip, variation in overburden pressure caused a stress state that preferentially favored intrusions at Crater Flat. However, when we allowed central Yucca Mountain faults to slip in the model, we found that magmatic clustering was not favored at Crater Flat or in the central Yucca Mountain block. Instead, we calculated that the stress field was most encouraging to intrusions near fault terminations, consistent with the location of the most recent volcanism at Yucca Mountain, the Lathrop Wells cone. We found this linked fault and magmatic system to be mutually reinforcing in the model in that Lathrop Wells feeder dike inflation favored renewed fault slip. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 34 IS 9 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1130/G22636.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 084AQ UT WOS:000240504300021 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Balkwill, DL AF Fredrickson, James K. Balkwill, David L. TI Geomicrobial processes and biodiversity in the deep terrestrial subsurface SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY, 2004 CL New Oreland, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE lithoautotrophy; hydrogen; phylogeny; community structure; repository ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LOW HERBICIDE CONCENTRATIONS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; IN-SITU; NUCLEAR-WASTE; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BASALT AQUIFER; COASTAL-PLAIN; NEW-MEXICO; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER AB The concept of a deep microbial biosphere has advanced over the past several decades from a hypothesis viewed with considerable skepticism to being widely accepted. Phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes have been cultured from or detected via characterization of directly-extracted nucleic acids from a wide range of deep terrestrial environments. Recent advances have linked the metabolic potential of these microorganisms, determined directly or inferred from phylogeny, to biogeochemical reactions determined via geochemical measurements and modeling. Buried organic matter or kerogen is an important source of energy for sustaining anaerobic heterotrophic microbial communities in deep sediments and sedimentary rock although rates of respiration are among the slowest rates measured on the planet. In contrast, Subsurface Lithoautotrophic Microbial Ecosystems based on H-2 as the primary energy source appear to dominate in many crystalline rock environments. These photosynthesis-independent ecosystems remain an enigma due to the difficulty in accessing and characterizing appropriate samples. Deep mines and dedicated rock laboratories, however, may offer unprecedented opportunities for investigating subsurface microbial communities and their interactions with the geosphere. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P7-54,PO 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov NR 77 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1080/01490450600875571 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 093UN UT WOS:000241195900002 ER PT J AU Onstott, TC Lin, LH Davidson, M Mislowack, B Borcsik, M Hall, J Slater, G Ward, J Lollar, BS Lippmann-Pipke, J Boice, E Pratt, LM Pfiffner, S Moser, D Gihring, T Kieft, TL Phelps, TJ Vanheerden, E Litthaur, D Deflaun, M Rothmel, R Wanger, G Southam, G AF Onstott, T. C. Lin, L. -H. Davidson, M. Mislowack, B. Borcsik, M. Hall, J. Slater, G. Ward, J. Lollar, B. Sherwood Lippmann-Pipke, J. Boice, E. Pratt, L. M. Pfiffner, S. Moser, D. Gihring, T. Kieft, Thomas L. Phelps, Tommy J. Vanheerden, E. Litthaur, D. Deflaun, M. Rothmel, R. Wanger, G. Southam, G. TI The origin and age of biogeochemical trends in deep fracture water of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE groundwater; sulfate reduction; methanogenesis; isotope geochemistry ID SUBSURFACE BIOSPHERE; GOLD-MINES; ENERGY; STRIPA; GROUNDWATER; ISOTOPES; BRINES; FLUIDS; GASES AB Water residing within crustal fractures encountered during mining at depths greater than 500 meters in the Witwatersrand basin of South Africa represents a mixture of paleo-meteoric water and 2.0 - 2.3 Ga hydrothermal fluid. The hydrothermal fluid is highly saline, contains abiogenic CH(4) and hydrocarbon, occasionally N(2), originally formed at similar to 250 - 300 degrees C and during cooling isotopically exchanged O and H with minerals and accrued H(2), (4)He and other radiogenic gases. The paleo-meteoric water ranges in age from similar to 10 Ka to > 1.5 Ma, is of low salinity, falls along the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and is CO(2) and atmospheric noble gas-rich. The hydrothermal fluid, which should be completely sterile, has probably been mixing with paleo-meteoric water for at least the past similar to 100 Myr, a process which inoculates previously sterile environments at depths > 2.0 to 2.5 km. Free energy flux calculations suggest that sulfate reduction is the dominant electron acceptor microbial process for the high salinity fracture water and that it is 107 times that normally required for cell maintenance in lab cultures. Flux calculations also indicate that the potential bioavailable chemical energy increases with salinity, but because the fluence of bioavailable C, N and P also increase with salinity, the environment remains energy-limited. The (4)He concentrations and theoretical calculations indicate that the H2 that is sustaining the subsurface microbial communities (e.g. H(2)-utilizing SRB and methanogens) is produced by water radiolysis at a rate of similar to 1 nM yr(-1). Microbial CH(4) mixes with abiogenic CH(4) to produce the observed isotopic signatures and indicates that the rate of methanogenesis diminishes with depth from similar to 100 at < 1 kmbls, to < 0.01nM yr(-1) at > 3 kmbls. Microbial Fe(III) reduction is limited due to the elevated pH. The delta(13)C of dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with heterotrophy rather than autotrophy dominating the deeper, more saline environments. One potential source of the organic carbon may be microfilms present on the mineral surfaces. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Biogeochem Labs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Orange Free State, Fac Sci, Dept Microbial Biochem & Food Biotechnol, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. Geosyntec, Princeton, NJ USA. Shaw Environm, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Onstott, TC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tullis@princeton.edu RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Lin, Li-Hung/K-8091-2012; Slater, Greg/B-5163-2013; Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/D-7987-2011; Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013; OI Slater, Greg/0000-0001-7418-7566; Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/0000-0002-9765-3803; Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249; Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 369 EP 414 DI 10.1080/01490450600875688 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 093UN UT WOS:000241195900004 ER PT J AU Gihring, TM Moser, DP Lin, LH Davidson, M Onstott, TC Morgan, L Milleson, M Kieft, TL Trimarco, E Balkwill, DL Dollhopf, ME AF Gihring, T. M. Moser, D. P. Lin, L. -H. Davidson, M. Onstott, T. C. Morgan, L. Milleson, M. Kieft, T. L. Trimarco, E. Balkwill, D. L. Dollhopf, M. E. TI The distribution of microbial taxa in the subsurface water of the Kalahari Shield, South Africa SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WITWATERSRAND BASIN; DIVERSITY; DEEP; ARCHAEA; METHANE; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; SEQUENCES; BACTERIA AB Microbial communities within deep subsurface environments were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene cloning. Clone libraries from 27 borehole fluid, 7 mining-contaminated, and 5 rock samples were compared. Borehole fluids derived from deep fractures were populated by microbial communities with low diversity with an average of 11 and 5 bacterial and archaeal OTUs respectively. Low taxa richness was likely driven by limited biogeochemical reactions available for growth and not extreme parameters such as pH and temperature. Novel taxa of Firmicutes were discovered, commonly found in warm, slightly alkaline, anoxic fracture fluids. Highly divergent lineages of Archaea, unique to South African deep subsurface fracture fluids, are also described. Clone library clustering analyses based on LIBSHUFF phylogenetic relatedness revealed distinct groups of samples corresponding with sample source and geochemistry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Geol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Gihring, TM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, 0102 OSB, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM gihring@ocean.fsu.edu RI Lin, Li-Hung/K-8091-2012; OI Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 415 EP 430 DI 10.1080/01490450600875696 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 093UN UT WOS:000241195900005 ER PT J AU Pfiffner, SM Cantu, JM Smithgall, A Peacock, AD White, DC Moser, DP Onstott, TC van Heerden, E AF Pfiffner, Susan M. Cantu, James M. Smithgall, Amanda Peacock, Aaron D. White, David C. Moser, Duane P. Onstott, Tullis C. van Heerden, Esta TI Deep subsurface microbial biomass and community structure in Witwatersrand Basin mines SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE extreme environment; community structure; phospholipid fatty acids; deep subsurface; fracture water ID EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS; GOLD-MINES; CONTAMINATED SITE; SOUTH-AFRICA; FATTY-ACIDS; BACTERIA; SOILS; LIFE; GAS; MICROORGANISMS AB The extreme environments of South Africa mines were investigated to determine microbial community structure and biomass in the deep subsurface. These community parameters were determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technique. Air, water and rock samples were collected from several levels and shafts in eight different mines. Biomass estimates ranged over nine orders of magnitude. Biofilm samples exhibited the highest biomass with quantities ranging from 10(3) to 10(7) pmol PLFA g(-1). Rock samples had biomass ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) pmol PLFA g(-1). Mine service waters and rock fracture waters had biomass estimates ranging from 10(0) to 10(6) pmol PLFA L-1. Air samples biomass values ranged from 10(-2) to 10(0) pmol PLFA L-1. The biomass estimates were similar to those estimates for other deep subsurface sites. Redundancy analysis of the PLFA profiles distinguished between the sample types, where signature lipid biomarkers for aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes, sulfate-and metal-reducing bacteria were associated with biofilms. Rock samples were enriched in 18:1 omega 9c, 18:2 omega 6, br17:1s and br18:1s, which are indicative of microeukaryotes and metal- reducing bacteria. Air samples were enriched with 22:0, 17:1, 18:1, and a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Service waters had monounsaturated fatty acids. Fracture waters contained i17:0 and 10Me18:0 which indicated gram-positive and other anaerobic bacteria. When the fracture and service water sample PLFA responses to changes in environmental parameters of temperature, pH, and anion concentrations were analyzed, service waters correlated with higher nitrate and sulfate concentrations and the PLFAs 18:1 omega 7c and 16:1 omega 7c. Dreifontein shaft 5 samples correlated with chloride concentrations and terminally branched saturated fatty acids and branched monounsaturated fatty acids. Kloof, Tau Tona, and Merriespruit fracture waters aligned with temperature and pH vectors and 18:0, 20:0 and 22:6 omega 3. The redundancy analysis provided a robust method to understand the PLFA responses to changes in environmental parameters. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Orange Free State, Dept Microbial Biochem & Food Biotechnol, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. RP Pfiffner, SM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Dept Microbiol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM pfiffner@utk.edu NR 44 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1080/01490450600875712 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 093UN UT WOS:000241195900006 ER PT J AU Lin, LH Hall, J Onstott, TC Gihring, T Lollar, BS Boice, E Pratt, L Lippmann-Pipke, J Bellamy, RES AF Lin, Li-Hung Hall, James Onstott, T. C. Gihring, Thomas Lollar, Barbara Sherwood Boice, Erik Pratt, Lisa Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna Bellamy, Robert E. S. TI Planktonic microbial communities associated with fracture-derived groundwater in a deep gold mine of South Africa SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE 16S rRNA gene phylogeny; planktonic communities; South African gold mine; subsurface ecosystems ID SP-NOV; WITWATERSRAND BASIN; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SEA SEDIMENTS; BETA-SUBCLASS; AFIPIA-FELIS; COMB. NOV; GEN-NOV; PROTEOBACTERIA AB The vertical distribution and function of terrestrial planktonic microbial communities at depths greater than 600 m remain poorly established. Culture-independent methods using 16S rRNA genes and geochemical approaches were employed to investigate the heterogeneity and potential function of microbial communities residing within fractures at 0.7 to 1.4 kilometers below land surface of Beatrix Au Mine, South Africa. The salinity (26 to 47 mM Cl(-)), temperature (33 to 40 degrees C) and age (1 to 5 Ma) of these fracture water increased with depth. The delta D and delta(18)O values of fracture water ranged from -44 to -39% and from -7 to -4% VSMOW, respectively, and exhibited a mixing trend with fracture water collected from the same mine in a previous study where isotopic signatures were indicative of hydrothermal origin. Fracture water from Beatrix Mine was distinct from the groundwater in the overlying Karoo sedimentary strata in terms of its Cl(-), He and CH(4) concentrations, and its delta D and delta(18)O signatures and from Vaal River (source of service water) in terms of its delta D and delta(18)O signatures. The differences constrain the maximum amount of mixing with service water or shallow groundwater to be less than 4%. The 16S rDNA analyses revealed diverse and numerous novel 16S rRNA genes affiliated with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospira, Chlorobi, Thermus, Candidate Division OP3 and Euryarchaeota. The proportion of each phylum in clone libraries varied markedly among samples and suggests km-scale, spatial heterogeneity in community structures. Potential metabolisms inferred from the presence of 16S rRNA genes are generally consistent with estimates of the available free energy. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Lin, LH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM lhlin@ntu.edu.tw RI Lin, Li-Hung/K-8091-2012; Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/D-7987-2011; OI Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/0000-0002-9765-3803; Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464 NR 73 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 6 BP 475 EP 497 DI 10.1080/01490450600875829 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 093UN UT WOS:000241195900010 ER PT J AU Gleckler, PJ AchutaRao, K Gregory, JM Santer, BD Taylor, KE Wigley, TML AF Gleckler, P. J. AchutaRao, K. Gregory, J. M. Santer, B. D. Taylor, K. E. Wigley, T. M. L. TI Krakatoa lives: The effect of volcanic eruptions on ocean heat content and thermal expansion SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE MODELS; AOGCMS AB A suite of climate model experiments indicates that 20th Century increases in ocean heat content and sea-level ( via thermal expansion) were substantially reduced by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. The volcanically-induced cooling of the ocean surface is subducted into deeper ocean layers, where it persists for decades. Temporary reductions in ocean heat content associated with the comparable eruptions of El Chichon ( 1982) and Pinatubo ( 1991) were much shorter lived because they occurred relative to a non-stationary background of large, anthropogenically-forced ocean warming. Our results suggest that inclusion of the effects of Krakatoa ( and perhaps even earlier eruptions) is important for reliable simulation of 20th century ocean heat uptake and thermal expansion. Inter-model differences in the oceanic thermal response to Krakatoa are large and arise from differences in external forcing, model physics, and experimental design. Systematic experimentation is required to quantify the relative importance of these factors. The next generation of historical forcing experiments may require more careful treatment of pre-industrial volcanic aerosol loadings. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gleckler, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pgleckler@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016; Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644; Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224; NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 17 AR L17702 DI 10.1029/2006GL026771 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 081QH UT WOS:000240331600006 ER PT J AU Hadley, SW Erickson, DJ Hernandez, JL Broniak, CT Blasing, TJ AF Hadley, Stanton W. Erickson, David J., III Hernandez, Jose Luis Broniak, Christine T. Blasing, T. J. TI Responses of energy use to climate change: A climate modeling study SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Using a general-circulation climate model to drive an energy-use model, we projected changes in USA energy-use and in corresponding fossil-fuel CO(2) emissions through year 2025 for a low (1.2 degrees C) and a high ( 3.4 degrees C) temperature response to CO(2) doubling. The low-Delta T scenario had a cumulative ( 2003 - 2025) energy increase of 1.09 quadrillion Btu ( quads) for cooling/heating demand. Northeastern states had net energy reductions for cooling/ heating over the entire period, but in most other regions energy increases for cooling outweighed energy decreases for heating. The high-Delta T scenario had significantly increased warming, especially in winter, so decreased heating needs led to a cumulative ( 2003 - 2025) heating/ cooling energy decrease of 0.82 quads. In both scenarios, CO(2) emissions increases from electricity generation outweighed CO(2) emissions decreases from reduced heating needs. The results reveal the intricate energy-economy structure that must be considered in projecting consequences of climate warming for energy, economics, and fossil-fuel carbon emissions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hadley, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ericksondj@ornl.gov RI Blasing, T/B-9498-2012; Hadley, Stanton/O-1465-2015 OI Hadley, Stanton/0000-0002-6514-8802 NR 9 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 17 AR L17703 DI 10.1029/2006GL026652 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 081QH UT WOS:000240331600004 ER PT J AU Hoversten, GM Newman, GA Geier, N Flanagan, G AF Hoversten, G. Michael Newman, Gregory A. Geier, Nathan Flanagan, Guy TI 3D modeling of a deepwater EM exploration survey SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAGNETOTELLURICS; PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION; INVERSION AB Analysis of a current offshore prospect employed 3D numerical modeling of a control led-source electromagnetic (CSEM) exploration system. The analysis considers the sensitivity of data presentations to assumptions about the background model. The numerical simulations show that false anomalies and significant distortion to anomaly magnitude can be caused by normalization of the observed electric fields by reference fields calculated from an incorrect or oversimplified background model. Bathymetry effects on the measured electric fields, if not accounted for, can produce anomalies as large as those of target sands. The maximum sensitivity to oil-water contacts or other strong lateral variations within the modeled channel sands is achieved by profiling along the length of the channel. Profiles run offset from a simulated oil-water contact by as little as 2 km show a response below the expected noise levels. Good background models can be constructed by taking advantage of the magnetotelluric data recorded by marine receivers during times when the CSEM transmitter is not in operation. The effects of electrical anisotropy can produce anomalies as large as target responses, although the spatial pattern of sheetlike anisotropic zones can be distinguished from the spatial pattern of sand-channel anomalies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ConocoPhillips Grav & Magnet, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RP Hoversten, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gmhoversten@lbl.gov; ganewman@lbl.gov; ngeier@samson.net; Guy.Flanagan@conocophillips.com RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 71 IS 5 BP G239 EP G248 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 091PB UT WOS:000241039700023 ER PT J AU Daley, TM Schoenberg, MA Rutqvist, J Nihei, KT AF Daley, T. M. Schoenberg, M. A. Rutqvist, J. Nihei, K. T. TI Fractured reservoirs: An analysis of coupled elastodynamic and permeability changes from pore-pressure variation SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-WAVE SCATTERING; FREQUENCY RANGE; ROCK; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION AB Equivalent-medium theories can describe the elastic compliance and fluid-permeability tensors of a layer containing closely spaced parallel fractures embedded in an isotropic background. We propose a relationship between effective stress (background or lithostatic stress minus pore pressure) and both permeability and elastic constants. This relationship uses an exponential-decay function that captures the expected asymptotic behavior, i.e., low effective stress gives high elastic compliance and high fluid permeability, while high effective stress gives low elastic compliance and low fluid permeability. The exponential-decay constants are estimated for physically realistic conditions. With relationships coupling pore pressure to permeability and elastic constants, we are able to couple hydromechanical and elastodynamic modeling codes. A specific coupled simulation is demonstrated where fluid injection in a fractured reservoir causes spatially and temporally varying changes in pore pressure, permeability, and elastic constants. These elastic constants are used in a 3D finite-difference code to demonstrate time-lapse seismic monitoring with different acquisition geometries. Changes in amplitude and traveltime are seen in surface seismic P-to-S reflections as a function of offset and azimuth, as well as in vertical seismic profile P-to-S reflections and in crosswell converted S-waves. These observed changes in the seismic response demonstrate seismic monitoring of fluid injection in the fractured reservoir. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Daley, TM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,M-S 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tmdaley@lbl.gov; maschoenberg@lbl.gov; jrutqvist@lbl.gov; knih@chevron.com RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 71 IS 5 BP O33 EP O41 DI 10.1190/1.2231108 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 091PB UT WOS:000241039700035 ER PT J AU McKenna, SA Wahi, A AF McKenna, Sean A. Wahi, Arun TI Local hydraulic gradient estimator analysis of long-term monitoring networks SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Three measurements of head at unique locations form a three-point estimator of the local magnitude and orientation of the hydraulic gradient. The relative head measurement error (RHME) is defined here as the measurement error normalized by the head drop across the three-point estimator. Monte Carlo simulation results show that estimators with base to height ratios between 0.5 and 5.0 and that are large enough to keep the RHME below 0.05 create the most accurate gradient estimates and provide criteria for identifying good estimators. These criteria are applied to an example ground water monitoring network design problem in the Culebra dolomite near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository to both analyze temporal changes and modify and expand the current monitoring network. Limiting the three-point estimators to those that meet the shape and RHME criteria reduces the number of possible estimators by > 50% and leads to similar to 1 order of magnitude decrease in the average estimated magnitude of the gradient relative to using all estimators. Application of these criteria also reduces the variability in estimated gradient magnitude and orientation between the two time periods of measurements. Redundant wells in the network are identified by removing each existing well in turn and determining which removals yield the smallest decrease in the number of acceptable estimators. Optimal new well locations are identified by mapping the increase in total number of acceptable estimators for a single new well placed in the study domain. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McKenna, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samcken@sandia.gov; arunwahi@gmail.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00211.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081AJ UT WOS:000240289300014 PM 16961494 ER PT J AU Su, GW Quinn, NWT Cook, PJ Shipp, W AF Su, Grace W. Quinn, Nigel W. T. Cook, Paul J. Shipp, William TI Miniaturization of the flowing fluid electric conductivity logging technique SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB An understanding of the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and the depth distribution of salts is critical for evaluating the potential of ground water for conjunctive water use and for maintaining suitable ground water quality in agricultural regions where ground water is used extensively for irrigation and drinking water. The electrical conductivity profiles recorded in a well using the flowing fluid electric conductivity (FEC) logging method can be analyzed to estimate interval-specific hydraulic conductivity and estimates of the salinity concentration with depth. However, operating irrigation wells commonly allow limited access, and the traditional equipment used for FEC logging cannot fit through the small access pipe intersecting the well. A modified, miniaturized FEC logging technique was developed for use in wells with limited access. In addition, a new method for injecting water over the entire screened interval of the well reduces the time required to perform FEC logging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Washington, DC 20240 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GWSu@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 754 EP 757 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00213.x PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 081AJ UT WOS:000240289300018 PM 16961498 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Specht, WL Dyer, SA AF Paller, Michael H. Specht, Winona L. Dyer, Susan A. TI Effects of stream size on taxa richness and other commonly used benthic bioassessment metrics SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE macroinvertebrates; stream size; river continuum concept; bioassessment; species richness; EPT ID MACROINVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; CONTINUUM; PATTERNS; INDEX; IDAHO; RIVER AB Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from natural substrates in disturbed and undisturbed South Carolina upper coastal plain streams to determine if taxa richness and other bioassessment metrics were significantly related to stream size as predicted by the River Continuum Concept (RCC). Linear, quadratic, and lognormal regression models indicated that stream width was positively related to total number of taxa; number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa; and total number of organisms. Linear regression showed that the expected number of taxa at undisturbed sites ranged from 35 in 2.0 m wide streams to 64 in 16.0 m streams. Comparable values were 8-20 for EPT and 109-261 for number of organisms. Stream width was inversely related to biotic index values indicating a decrease in average organism tolerance with increasing stream size. ANCOVA showed that the effects of stream size were similar for disturbed and undisturbed sites. Rank correlations and multidimensional scaling (MDS) showed that Lepidoptera and Trichoptera were more abundant in larger streams and Annelida in smaller streams. Stream size related changes in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition are often ignored in bioassessment protocols; however, failure to adjust metrics for stream size can lead to erroneous conclusions. Adjustments are possible by analyzing regression residuals stripped of stream size related variance, dividing the area beneath the maximum taxa richness line into equal size units for metric scoring, or scaling metrics based on predicted reference values. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Anal Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Soil & Ground Closure Projects, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Anal Sect, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 568 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0208-y PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 068SD UT WOS:000239393800025 ER PT J AU Quatrini, R Appia-Ayme, C Denis, Y Ratouchniak, J Veloso, F Valdes, J Lefimil, C Silver, S Roberto, F Orellana, O Denizot, F Jedlicki, E Holmes, D Bonnefoy, V AF Quatrini, Raquel Appia-Ayme, Corinne Denis, Yann Ratouchniak, Jeanine Veloso, Felipe Valdes, Jorge Lefimil, Claudia Silver, Simon Roberto, Frank Orellana, Omar Denizot, Francois Jedlicki, Eugenia Holmes, David Bonnefoy, Violaine TI Insights into the iron and sulfur energetic metabolism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans by microarray transcriptome profiling SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium (IBS2005) CY SEP 25-29, 2005 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA DE iron oxidation; sulfur oxidation; microarray analysis; extremophile; electron transport; bioinformatics ID THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; METAL SULFIDES; RUSTICYANIN; OXIDOREDUCTASE; EXPRESSION; COMPLEXES; ENZYME AB Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a well known acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, Gram negative, bacterium involved in bioleaching and acid mine drainage. In aerobic conditions, it gains energy mainly from the oxidation of ferrous iron and/or reduced sulfur compounds present in ores. After initial oxidation of the substrate, electrons from ferrous iron or sulfur enter respiratory chains and are transported through several redox proteins to oxygen. However, the oxidation of ferrous iron and reduced sulfur compounds has also to provide electrons for the reduction of NAD(P) that is subsequently required for many metabolic processes including CO(2) fixation. To help unravel the enzymatic pathways and the electron transfer chains involved in these processes, a genome-wide microarray transcript profiling analysis was carried out. Oligonucleotides corresponding to approximately 3000 genes of the A. ferrooxidans type strain ATCC23270 were spotted onto glass-slides and hybridized with cDNA retrotranscribed from RNA extracted from ferrous iron and sulfur grown cells. The genes which are preferentially transcribed in ferrous iron conditions and those preferentially transcribed in sulfur conditions were analyzed. The expression of a substantial number of these genes has been validated by real-time PCR, Northern blot hybridization and/or immunodetection analysis. Our results support and extend certain models of iron and sulfur oxidation and highlight previous observations regarding the possible presence of alternate electron pathways. Our findings also suggest ways in which iron and sulfur oxidation may be coordinately regulated. An accompanying paper (Appia-Ayme et al.) describes results pertaining to other metabolic functions. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Chim Bacterienne Lab, IBSM, F-13277 Marseille, France. Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. Andres Bello Univ, Santiago, Chile. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Chile, Fac Med, ICBM, Santiago 7, Chile. RP Bonnefoy, V (reprint author), CNRS, Chim Bacterienne Lab, IBSM, F-13277 Marseille, France. EM rquatrini@yahoo.com.ar; cappiaayme@yahoo.fr; ejedlick@med.uchile.cl; dsholmes2000@yahoo.com; bonnefoy@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr RI Quatrini, Raquel/N-1801-2013; OI Quatrini, Raquel/0000-0003-2600-2605; Silver, Simon/0000-0002-5692-3125 NR 40 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD SEP PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.030 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 077LG UT WOS:000240030200034 ER PT J AU Appia-Ayme, C Quatrini, R Denis, Y Denizot, F Silver, S Roberto, F Veloso, F Valdes, J Cardenas, JP Esparza, M Orellana, O Jedlicki, E Bonnefoy, V Holmes, DS AF Appia-Ayme, Corinne Quatrini, Raquel Denis, Yann Denizot, Francois Silver, Simon Roberto, Francisco Veloso, Felipe Valdes, Jorge Cardenas, Juan Pablo Esparza, Mario Orellana, Omar Jedlicki, Eugenia Bonnefoy, Violaine Holmes, David S. TI Microarray and bioinformatic analyses suggest models for carbon metabolism in the autotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium (IBS2005) CY SEP 25-29, 2005 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA DE Calvin cycle; glycogen; glycolate; carboxysome; genome of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; CARBOXYSOME SHELL; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; CO2 FIXATION; NEAPOLITANUS; GENES; EXPRESSION; OXYGENASE; ANHYDRASE AB Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that uses iron or sulfur as an energy and electron source. Bioinformatic analysis of the A. ferrooxidans draft genome sequence was used to identify putative genes and potential metabolic pathways involved in CO(2) fixation, 2P-glycolate detoxification, carboxysome formation and glycogen utilization. Microarray transcript profiling was carried out to compare the relative expression of the predicted genes of these pathways when the microorganism was grown in the presence of iron versus sulfur. Several gene expression patterns were confirmed by real-time PCR. Genes for each of the above-predicted pathways were found to be organized into discrete clusters. Clusters exhibited differential gene expression depending on the presence of iron or sulfur in the medium. Concordance of gene expression within each cluster suggested that they are operons. Most notably, clusters of genes predicted to be involved in CO(2) fixation, carboxysome formation, 2P-glycolate detoxification and glycogen biosynthesis were upregulated in sulfur medium, whereas genes involved in glycogen utilization were preferentially expressed in iron medium. These results can be explained in terms of models of gene regulation that suggest how A. ferrooxidans can adjust its central carbon management to respond to changes in its environment. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Andres Bello Univ, Santiago, Chile. Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. CNRS, Chim Bacterienne Lab, IBSM, F-13277 Marseille, France. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Santiago Chile, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Fac Med, ICBM, Santiago 7, Chile. RP Holmes, DS (reprint author), Andres Bello Univ, Santiago, Chile. EM dsholmes2000@yahoo.com RI Quatrini, Raquel/N-1801-2013; OI Quatrini, Raquel/0000-0003-2600-2605; Veloso, Felipe A./0000-0003-0206-9178; Silver, Simon/0000-0002-5692-3125 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD SEP PY 2006 VL 83 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.029 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 077LG UT WOS:000240030200035 ER PT J AU Weiland, JD Humaylin, MS AF Weiland, James D. Humaylin, Mark S. TI Intraocular retinal prosthesis - Big steps to sight restoration SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM IMPLANTATION; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; PERCEPTUAL THRESHOLDS; RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; BLIND; VISION; DEGENERATION; ORIGIN C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Biomimet MicroElect Syst Engn Res Ctr, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. US DOE, Artificial Retina Project, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Weiland, JD (reprint author), 1355 San Pablo St,Room 116, Los Angeles, CA 91355 USA. EM jweiland@usc.edu NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 5 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1109/MEMB.2006.1705748 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 086LJ UT WOS:000240674500013 PM 17020200 ER PT J AU Chen, C Leisher, PO Allerman, AA Geib, KM Choquette, KD AF Chen, Chen Leisher, Paul O. Allerman, Andrew A. Geib, Kent M. Choquette, Kent D. TI Temperature analysis of threshold current in infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE diode lasers; temperature analysis; threshold current; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; DEPENDENCE; PERFORMANCE; OPERATION; OFFSET AB The temperature dependence of threshold current I-th in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) can be approximatedby the equation I-th(T) = alpha + beta(T - T-min)(2), where T-min is the temperature of lowest I-th, alpha and beta are parameters, and temperature is T. We compare the temperature dependence of threshold current-in VCSELs with GaAs, InGaAs, and strain compensated InGaAs-GaAsP quantum wells. From our analysis we find the coefficient beta is related to the gain properties of the quantum well, and is shown to serve as a benchmark for the VCSEL temperature sensitivity. The incorporation of strain-compensated high-barrier GaAsP layers in the active region of 980-nm VCSELs is demonstrated to reduce the threshold dependence on temperature. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM chenchen@uiuc.edu; leisher@uiuc.edu; aaaller@sandia.gov; kmgeib@sandia.gov; choquett@uiuc.edu NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 1078 EP 1083 DI 10.1109/JQE.2006.881828 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 090BM UT WOS:000240925600027 ER PT J AU Shaner, EA Grine, AD Wanke, MC Lee, M Reno, JL Allen, SJ AF Shaner, E. A. Grine, A. D. Wanke, M. C. Lee, Mark Reno, J. L. Allen, S. J. TI Far-infrared spectrum analysis using plasmon modes in a quantum-well transistor SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE far infrared; submillimeter-wave detectors; submillimeter-wave spectroscopy; terahertz ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; RESONANT DETECTION; WAVES AB Excitation of resonant plasmon modes by far-infrared (FIR) radiation in a quantum-well transistor is used to analyze the spectral content of FIR illumination at frequencies between 0.58 and 0.99 THz. A split grating gate design that allows localized pinch-off of the transistor channel greatly enhances FIR response and allows completely electrical tuning of the plasmon resonance, enabling broadband FIR spectrum analysis without moving parts. A voltage ramp applied to the gate can generate a spectrum at video rate. z. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr THz Sci & Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shaner, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eashane@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 17-20 BP 1925 EP 1927 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.881670 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 097HP UT WOS:000241438300044 ER PT J AU Sitek, A Huesman, RH GuIlberg, GT AF Sitek, Arkadiusz Huesman, Ronald H. GuIlberg, Grant T. TI Tomographic reconstruction using an adaptive tetrahedral mesh defined by a point cloud SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE iterative reconstruction; positron emission tomography (PET); single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); tomography ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; CELL PROJECTION; ALGORITHMS; HARDWARE; EMISSION; MODEL AB Medical images in nuclear medicine are commonly represented in three dimensions as a stack of two-dimensional images that are reconstructed from tomographic projections. Although natural and straightforward, this may not be an optimal visual representation for performing various diagnostic tasks. A method for three-dimensional (3-D) tomographic reconstruction is developed using a point cloud image representation. A point cloud is a set of points (nodes) in space, where each node of the point cloud is characterized by its position and intensity. The density of the nodes determines the local resolution allowing for the modeling of different parts of the image with different resolution. The reconstructed volume, which in general could be of any resolution, size, shape, and topology, is represented by a set of nonoverlapping tetrahedra defined by the nodes. The intensity at any point within the volume is defined by linearly interpolating inside a tetrahedron from the values at the four nodes that define the tetrahedron. This approach creates a continuous piecewise linear intensity over the reconstruction domain. The reconstruction provides a distinct multiresolution representation, which is designed to accurately and efficiently represent the 3-D image. The method is applicable to the acquisition of any tomographic geometry, such as parallel-, fan-, and cone-beam; and the reconstruction procedure can also model the physics of the image detection process. An efficient method for evaluating the system projection matrix is presented. The system matrix is used in an iterative algorithm to reconstruct both the intensity and location of the distribution of points in the point cloud. Examples of the reconstruction of projection data generated by computer simulations and projection data experimentally acquired using a Jaszczak cardiac torso phantom are presented. This work creates a framework for voxel-less multiresolution representation of images in nuclear medicine. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM asitek@lbl.gov OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL50663] NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1172 EP 1179 DI 10.1109/TMI.2006.879319 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 076BS UT WOS:000239932600005 PM 16967802 ER PT J AU Brocato, R Skinner, J Wouters, G Wendt, J Heller, E Blaich, J AF Brocato, Robert Skinner, Jack Wouters, Gregg Wendt, Joel Heller, Edwin Blaich, Jonathan TI Ultra-wideband SAW correlator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB A surface acoustic wave (SAW) correlator that satisfies FCC bandwidth requirements for ultra-wideband (UWB) operation has been built and tested. The correlator operates within the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz bandwidth region and uses bi-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation to achieve a spreading of the main lobe to a 25% bandwidth. This device is capable of spreading or de-spreading a UWB signal directly to or from base-band to microwave frequencies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brocato, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rwbroca@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1554 EP 1556 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1678180 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 076BM UT WOS:000239932000002 PM 16964902 ER PT J AU Good, MS Wend, CF Bond, LJ McLean, JS Panetta, PD Ahmed, S Crawford, SL Daly, DS AF Good, Morris S. Wend, Christopher F. Bond, Leonard J. McLean, Jeffrey S. Panetta, Paul D. Ahmed, Salahuddin Crawford, Susan L. Daly, Don S. TI An estimate of biofilm properties using an acoustic microscope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MHZ; DISINFECTION; CELLS AB Noninvasive measurements over a biofilm, a three-dimensional (3-D) community of microorganisms immobilized at a substratum, were made using an acoustic microscope operating at frequencies up to 70 MHz. The microscope scanned a 2.5-mm by 2.5-mm region of a living biofilm having a nominal thickness of 100 mu m. Spatial variation of surface heterogeneity, thickness, interior structure, and biomass were estimated. Thickness was estimated as the product of the speed of sound of the medium and the interim between the highest signal peak and that of the substratum plane without biofilm. The thickest portions of biofilm were 145 mu m; however, slender structures attributed as streamers extended above, with one obtaining a 274-mu m height above the substratum. Three-dimensional iso-contours of amplitude were used to estimate the internal structure of the biofilm. Backscatter amplitude was examined at five zones of increasing height from the substratum to examine biomass distribution. Ultrasound-based estimates of thickness were corroborated with optical microscopy. The experimental acoustic and optical systems, methods used to estimate biofilm properties, and potential applications for the resulting data are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Good, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM morris.good@pnl.gov RI McLean, Jeffrey/A-8014-2012; Panetta, Paul/P-5339-2014 OI McLean, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9934-5137; Panetta, Paul/0000-0001-6974-1112 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1637 EP 1648 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1678192 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 076BM UT WOS:000239932000014 PM 16964914 ER PT J AU Jankun-Kelly, M Jiang, M Thompson, D Machiraju, R AF Jankun-Kelly, Monika Jiang, Ming Thompson, David Machiraju, Raghu TI Vortex visualization for practical engineering applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE vortex detection; vortex visualization; feature mining ID FLOW AB In order to understand complex vortical flows in large data sets, we must be able to detect and visualize vortices in an automated fashion. In this paper, we present a feature-based vortex detection and visualization technique that is appropriate for large computational fluid dynamics data sets computed on unstructured meshes. In particular, we focus on the application of this technique to visualization of the flow over a serrated wing and the flow field around a spinning missile with dithering canards. We have developed a core line extraction technique based on the observation that vortex cores coincide with local extrema in certain scalar fields. We also have developed a novel technique to handle complex vortex topology that is based on k-means clustering. These techniques facilitate visualization of vortices in simulation data that may not be optimally resolved or sampled. Results are included that highlight the strengths and weaknesses of our approach. We conclude by describing how our approach can be improved to enhance robustness and expand its range of applicability. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Computat Simulat & Design Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Jankun-Kelly, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Computat Simulat & Design Ctr, POB 6305, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mjk@simcenter.msstate.edu; jiang4@llnl.gov; dst@simcenter.msstate.edu; raghu@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.201 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300039 PM 17080822 ER PT J AU Laney, D Bremer, PT Mascarenhas, A Miller, P Pascucci, V AF Laney, D. Bremer, P. -T. Mascarenhas, A. Miller, P. Pascucci, V. TI Understanding the structure of the turbulent mixing layer in hydrodynamic instabilities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE topology; multi-resolution; Morse theory ID TRACKING; TOPOLOGY; VISUALIZATION; FLOWS AB When a heavy fluid is placed above a light fluid, tiny vertical perturbations in the interface create a characteristic structure of rising bubbles and falling spikes known as Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities have received much attention over the past half-century because of their importance in understanding many natural and man-made phenomena, ranging from the rate of formation of heavy elements in supernovae to the design of capsules for Inertial Confinement Fusion. We present a new approach to analyze Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in which we extract a hierarchical segmentation of the mixing envelope surface to identify bubbles and analyze analogous segmentations of fields on the original interface plane. We compute meaningful statistical information that reveals the evolution of topological features and corroborates the observations made by scientists. We also use geometric tracking to follow the evolution of single bubbles and highlight merge/split events leading to the formation of the large and complex structures characteristic of the later stages. In particular we (i) Provide a formal definition of a bubble; (ii) Segment the envelope surface to identify bubbles; (iii) Provide a multi-scale analysis technique to produce statistical measures of bubble growth; (iv) Correlate bubble measurements with analysis of fields on the interface plane; (v) Track the evolution of individual bubbles over time. Our approach is based on the rigorous mathematical foundations of Morse theory and can be applied to a more general class of applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Laney, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dlaney@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1060 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.186 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300051 PM 17080834 ER PT J AU Yoon, SE Lindstrom, P AF Yoon, Sung-Eui Lindstrom, Peter TI Mesh layouts for block-based caches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE mesh and graph layouts; cache-aware and cache-oblivious layouts; metrics for cache coherence; data locality ID LINEAR ARRANGEMENT; GRAPHS AB Current computer architectures employ caching to improve the performance of a wide variety of applications. One of the main characteristics of such cache schemes is the use of block fetching whenever an uncached data element is accessed. To maximize the benefit of the block fetching mechanism, we present novel cache-aware and cache-oblivious layouts of surface and volume meshes that improve the performance of interactive visualization and geometric processing algorithms. Based on a general 1/0 model, we derive new cache-aware and cache-oblivious metrics that have high correlations with the number of cache misses when accessing a mesh. In addition to guiding the layout process, our metrics can be used to quantify the quality of a layout, e.g. for comparing different layouts of the same mesh and for determining whether a given layout is amenable to significant improvement. We show that layouts of unstructured meshes optimized for our metrics result in improvements over conventional layouts in the performance of visualization applications such as isosurface extraction and view-dependent rendering. Moreover, we improve upon recent cache-oblivious mesh layouts in terms of performance, applicability, and accuracy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoon, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sungeui@llnl.gov; pl@llnl.gov RI Yoon, Sung-eui/C-1678-2011; OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.162 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300071 PM 17080854 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, P Isenburg, M AF Lindstrom, Peter Isenburg, Martin TI Fast and efficient compression of floating-point data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE high throughput; lossless compression; file compaction for I/O efficiency; fast entropy coding; range coder; predictive coding; large scale simulation and visualization ID LOSSLESS COMPRESSION; TRANSMISSION; MESHES AB Large scale scientific simulation codes typically run on a cluster of CPUs that write/read time steps to/from a single file system. As data sets are constantly growing in size, this increasingly leads to I/O bottlenecks. When the rate at which data is produced exceeds the available I/O bandwidth, the simulation stalls and the CPUs are idle. Data compression can alleviate this problem by using some CPU cycles to reduce the amount of data needed to be transfered. Most compression schemes, however, are designed to operate offline and seek to maximize compression, not throughput. Furthermore, they often require quantizing floating-point values onto a uniform integer grid, which disqualifies their use in applications where exact values must be retained. We propose a simple scheme for lossless, online compression of floating-point data that transparently integrates into the I/O of many applications. A plug-in scheme for data-dependent prediction makes our scheme applicable to a wide variety of data used in visualization, such as unstructured meshes, point sets, images, and voxel grids. We achieve state-of-the-art compression rates and speeds, the latter in part due to an improved entropy coder. We demonstrate that this significantly accelerates I/O throughput in real simulation runs. Unlike previous schemes, our method also adapts well to variable-precision floating-point and integer data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isenburg, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pl@llnl.gov; isenburg@cs.berkeley.edu OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 31 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1245 EP 1250 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.143 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300075 PM 17080858 ER PT J AU Glatter, M Mollenhour, C Huang, J Gao, JZ AF Glatter, Markus Mollenhour, Colin Huang, Jian Gao, Jinzhu TI Scalable data servers for large multivariate volume visualization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE parallel and distributed volume visualization; large data set visualization; multi-variate visualization; volume visualization ID ISOSURFACE EXTRACTION; RECTILINEAR GRIDS; SPAN SPACE AB Volumetric datasets with multiple variables on each voxel over multiple time steps are often complex, especially when considering the exponentially large attribute space formed by the variables in combination with the spatial and temporal dimensions. It is intuitive, practical, and thus often desirable, to interactively select a subset of the data from within that high-dimensional value space for efficient visualization. This approach is straightforward to implement if the dataset is small enough to be stored entirely in-core. However, to handle datasets sized at hundreds of gigabytes and beyond, this simplistic approach becomes infeasible and thus, more sophisticated solutions are needed. In this work, we developed a system that supports efficient visualization of an arbitrary subset, selected by range-queries, of a large multivariate time-varying dataset. By employing specialized data structures and schemes of data distribution, our system can leverage a large number of networked computers as parallel data servers, and guarantees a near optimal load-balance. We demonstrate our system of scalable data servers using two large time-varying simulation datasets. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Glatter, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM glatter@cs.utk.edu; mollenho@cs.utk.edu; huangj@cs.utk.edu; gaoj@ornl.gov RI Gao, Jinzhu/B-4716-2011 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.175 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300081 PM 17080864 ER PT J AU Callahan, SP Bavoil, L Pascucci, V Silva, CT AF Callahan, Steven P. Bavoil, Louis Pascucci, Valerio Silva, Claudio T. TI Progressive volume rendering of large unstructured grids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2006)/IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2006) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE DE volume rendering; large unstructured grids; client-server; progressive rendering; level-of-detail AB We describe a new progressive technique that allows real-time rendering of extremely large tetrahedral meshes. Our approach uses a client-server architecture to incrementally stream portions of the mesh from a server to a client which refines the quality of the approximate rendering until it converges to a full quality rendering. The results of previous steps are re-used in each subsequent refinement, thus leading to an efficient rendering. Our novel approach keeps very little geometry on the client and works by refining a set of rendered images at each step. Our interactive representation of the dataset is efficient, light-weight, and high quality. We present a framework for the exploration of large datasets stored on a remote server with a thin client that is capable of rendering and managing full quality volume visualizations. C1 Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Callahan, SP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM stevec@sci.utah.edu; bavoil@sci.utah.edu; pascucci@acm.org; csilva@sci.utah.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2006.171 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 096NE UT WOS:000241383300083 PM 17080866 ER PT J AU Ganti, A Klein, TE Haner, M AF Ganti, Anand Klein, Thierry E. Haner, Mark TI Base station assignment and power control algorithms for data users in a wireless multiaccess framework SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE wireless networks; resource allocation; interference management; assignment strategies; power control ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS; FADING CHANNELS AB This paper considers the problem of assigning mobile data users to base stations and modulating their transmit powers according to their respective channel gains in order to maximize the total system throughput. We consider two scenarios of time-invariant and time-varying channel behaviors. We show that the Base Station Assignment problem is NP complete and propose sub-optimal polynomial time algorithms and bound their performance. When the channel gains are time-varying, we present an iterative algorithm to compute the assignment and power control functions according to the probability distribution of the channel gains. This algorithm is shown to converge to the optimal allocation in the special cases of a single user or a single base station. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of our algorithms, which are especially significant under asymmetric loading of the network. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bell Labs, End End Wireless Networking Res Dept, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Bell Labs, Wireless Res Lab, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Ganti, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aganti@sandia.gov; tek@lucent.com; mh@lucent.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2493 EP 2503 DI 10.1109/TWC.2006.04375 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 091TG UT WOS:000241050600026 ER PT J AU Levenson, E Lerch, P Martin, MC AF Levenson, Erika Lerch, Philippe Martin, Michael C. TI Infrared imaging: Synchrotrons vs. arrays, resolution vs. speed SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Based Sources (WIRMS 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Rathen, GERMANY DE synchrotron; resolution; FTIR; spectromicroscopy; array; imaging; diffraction ID MICROSPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION AB At the ALS we have been testing out Thermo-Electron's newest infrared imaging system, the Continuum XL microscope. This microscope is equiped with a 32-element NICT (16 x 2) array which allows rapid infrared imaging with fixed step sizes. The microscope also has a conventional single element MCT-A, which can be swapped for an MCT-B, or InSb detectors. This microscope is installed on ALS Beamline 1.4.4 where the synchrotron source provides high brightness for the single element detectors. We present comparisons of the measured spatial resolutions available with each of these detector types for globar and synchrotron sources as a function of wavelength and optical configuration. We find that the synchrotron retains its superiority for ultimate spatial resolution and signal-to-noise, while the array detection system is fast and convenient for surveying larger regions of a sample. Therefore in practice we use the array system for initial infrared images which allow us to find the regions of interest where we 'zoom in' using the synchrotron source. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MCMartin@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.01.026 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 092FA UT WOS:000241081200010 ER PT J AU Williams, GP AF Williams, Gwyn P. CA Jefferson Lab Team TI Next generation accelerator-based light sources for IR microscopy and spectroscopy SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Based Sources (WIRMS 2005) CY JUN 26-30, 2005 CL Rathen, GERMANY ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION EMISSION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; TERAHERTZ RADIATION AB We discuss the physics which is driving the evolution of new sources for microscopy and spectroscopy. A new generation of sources, called energy recovery linacs or ERL's, will be described and reviewed with particular emphasis on the examples of imaging and spectroscopic applications enabled by them. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gwyn@mailaps.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.01.031 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 092FA UT WOS:000241081200021 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Einstein, DR Jacob, RE Kabilan, S Kuprat, AP Timchalk, CA Trease, LL Corley, RA AF Minard, Kevin R. Einstein, Daniel R. Jacob, Richard E. Kabilan, Senthil Kuprat, Andrew P. Timchalk, Charles A. Trease, Lynn L. Corley, Richard A. TI Application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the development and validation of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of the rat respiratory system SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Frontiers in Aerosol Dosimetry Research Conference CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Irvine, CA ID INSPIRATORY AIR-FLOW; NMR MICROSCOPY; HUMAN LUNGS; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BRONCHIAL TREE; NASAL PASSAGES; SPIN-ECHO; HE-3 AB Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models of the respiratory system provide a quantitative basis for extrapolating the localized dose of inhaled materials and improving human health risk assessments based upon inhalation studies conducted in animals. Nevertheless, model development and validation have historically been tedious and time-consuming tasks. In recognition of this, we previously reported on the use of proton (H-1) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for visualizing nasal-sinus passages in the rat, and for speeding computational mesh generation. Here, the generation and refinement of meshes for rat nasal airways are described in more detail and simulated airflows are presented. To extend the CFD models to the complete respiratory tract, three-dimensional (3D) H-1 MR imaging of rat pulmonary casts was also utilized to construct pulmonary airway meshes using procedures developed for the nasal airways. Furthermore, the feasibility of validating CFD predictions with MR was tested by imaging hyperpolarized 3 He gas at physiological flow rates in a straight pipe with a diameter comparable to the rat trachea. Results from these diverse studies highlight the potential utility of MR imaging not only for speeding CFD development but also possibly for model validation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.minard@pnl.gov OI Kuprat, Andrew/0000-0003-4159-918X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL073598-01A1] NR 56 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 10 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.1080/08958370600748729 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 053DF UT WOS:000238284100011 PM 16774868 ER PT J AU Kitey, R Phan, AV Tippur, HV Kaplan, T AF Kitey, R. Phan, A. -V. Tippur, H. V. Kaplan, T. TI Modeling of crack growth through particulate clusters in brittle matrix by symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE crack growth; crack-inclusion interaction; crack deflection; particulate composites; matrix toughening; symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method ID FILLED EPOXY-RESIN; ELASTIC INCLUSION; PARTICLE-SIZE; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; ADHESION; DEFLECTION; PROPAGATION; TOUGHNESS; COMPOSITE AB The interaction of a crack with perfectly bonded rigid isolated inclusions and clusters of inclusions in a brittle matrix is investigated using numerical simulations. Of particular interest is the role inclusions play on crack paths, stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the energy release rates with potential implications to the fracture behavior of particulate composites. The effects of particle size and eccentricity relative to the initial crack orientation are examined first as a precursor to the study of particle clusters. Simulations are accomplished using a new quasi-static crack-growth prediction tool based on the symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method, a modified quarter-point crack-tip element, the displacement correlation technique for evaluating SIFs, and the maximum principal stress criterion for crack-growth direction prediction. The numerical simulations demonstrate a complex interplay of crack-tip shielding and amplification mechanisms leading to significant toughening of the material. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM vphan@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10704-006-0047-x PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 119MW UT WOS:000243017400003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Govindjee, S AF Nguyen, T. D. Govindjee, S. TI Numerical study of geometric constraint and cohesive parameters in steady-state viscoelastic crack growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE interface fracture; adhesive failure; polymer fracture; viscoelastic fracture; material force; viscoelasticity ID BRITTLE-FRACTURE; INITIATION; INTERFACE; MEDIA; PROPAGATION; MECHANICS; SOLIDS AB This paper presents a finite element study of cohesive crack growth in a thin infinite viscoelastic strip to investigate the effects of viscoelastic properties, strip height, and cohesive model parameters on the crack growth resistance. The results of the study show that the dependence of the fracture energy on the viscoelastic properties for the strip problem is similar to that obtained for the infinite body problem even when the cohesive zone length is large compared to the height of the strip. The fracture energy also depends on the crack speed v through the dimensionless parameter nu tau/L-infinity where L-infinity is the characteristic length of the cohesive zone and tau is the characteristic relaxation time of the bulk material. This relationship confirms that at least two properties of the fracture process must be prescribed accurately to model viscoelastic crack growth. In contrast, the fracture energy and crack speed are insensitive to the strip height even in situations where the growth of the dissipation zone is severely constrained by the strip boundaries. We observe that at high speeds, where the fracture energy asymptotically approaches the maximum value, the material surrounding the cohesive zone is in the rubbery (equilibrium) state and not the glassy state. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. ETH, Ctr Mech, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 0969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tdnguye@sandia.gov RI Govindjee, Sanjay/B-6886-2008; Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010 OI Govindjee, Sanjay/0000-0003-0711-3633; Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10704-006-0080-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 119MW UT WOS:000243017400019 ER PT J AU Lusk, E Desai, N Bradshaw, R Lusk, A Butler, R AF Lusk, E. Desai, N. Bradshaw, R. Lusk, A. Butler, R. TI An interoperability approach to system software, tools, and libraries for clusters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Clusters and Computational Grids for Scientific Computing CY SEP 25-27, 2000 CL CHATEAU FAVERGES, FRANCE SP INRIA, Natl Sci Fdn, Myricom, Microsoft Res, Compaq, Turbo Linux, Univ Tennessee, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 DE cluster system software; parallel computing; process management AB Systems software for clusters typically derives from a multiplicity of sources: the kernel itself, software associated with a particular distribution, site-specific purchased or open-source software, and assorted home-grown tools and procedures that attempt to glue everything together to meet the needs of the users and administrators of a particular cluster. Whether a cluster is a general-purpose resource serving multiple users or dedicated to a single application, getting everything to work together is a challenge. The challenge is partially met by special software distributions for clusters such as OSCAR or ROCKS. In this article, we discuss another approach (although it is not inconsistent with existing distributions), in which a small number of concepts are deployed to facilitate the customized integration of various software tools for cluster management, operation, and user jobs. The concepts include (1) a component approach to basic system software such as schedulers, queue managers, process managers, and monitors; (2) a software development kit for constructing networks of system software components, either from scratch or by wrapping "foreign" software, and (3) the use of explicit parallelism in building system tools for high performance. We illustrate this approach with a description of a mid-sized general-purpose cluster operated entirely by software built this way. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. RP Lusk, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM LUSK@MCS.ANL.GOV NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1177/1094342006067473 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 070HJ UT WOS:000239512200007 ER PT J AU Tsygankov, AA Kosourov, SN Tolstygina, IV Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M AF Tsygankov, Anatoly A. Kosourov, Sergey N. Tolstygina, Irina V. Ghirardi, Maria L. Seibert, Michael TI Hydrogen production by sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under photoautotrophic conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Hydrogen Energy Congress (IHEC-2005)/ CY JUL 13-15, 2005 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE hydrogen production; green algae; photoautotrophic; sulfur-deprivation ID GREEN-ALGA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS; LIGHT-INTENSITY; FE-HYDROGENASE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; ADAPTATION; METABOLISM; MICROALGAE; CHLORELLA; CULTURES AB Thus far, all experiments leading to H-2 production by sulfur-deprived cultures of microalga have been done with photoheterotrophic cultures in the presence of acetate, which increases the cost of the H-2 produced. This study demonstrates that sustained H-2 photoproduction by a sulfur-deprived green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is possible under strictly photoautotrophic conditions in the absence of acetate or any other organic substrate in the medium. To accomplish this, we used cultures pre-grown with 2% CO2 under low light conditions (25 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) and also supplemented with CO2 during S-deprivation, along with a special light regime. Maximum H-2 production (56.4 +/- 16.7 ml l(-1) culture, equal to 56.4 x 10(-3) m(3) m(-3) culture) was observed with photoautotrophic cultures: (a) supplied with carbon dioxide for the first 24 h of sulfur deprivation, (b) exposed during the O-2-producing stage to high light (110 - 120 mu E m(-2) s(-1)), and (c) then exposed to low light (20 - 25 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) during the O-2-consumption and H-2-production stages. (c) 2006 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tsygankov, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM ttt@issp.serpukhov.su RI Kosourov, Sergey/C-6682-2009; Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013; Kosourov, Sergey/A-1659-2016 OI Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041; Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658; Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041 NR 34 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 SI SI BP 1574 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.024 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 084HU UT WOS:000240524800023 ER PT J AU Sakhanenko, NA Luger, GF AF Sakhanenko, Nikita A. Luger, George F. TI Shock physics data reconstruction using support vector regression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE support vector regression; data extrapolation; VISAR; shock waves; high explosive material damage and spall ID INTERFEROMETER; MACHINE; KERNELS AB This paper considers a set of shock physics experiments that investigate how materials respond to the extremes of deformation, pressure, and temperature when exposed to shock waves. Due to the complexity and the cost of these tests, the available experimental data set is often very sparse. A support vector machine (SVM) technique for regression is used for data estimation of velocity measurements from the underlying experiments. Because of good generalization performance, the SVM method successfully interpolates the experimental data. The analysis of the resulting velocity surface provides more information on the physical phenomena of the experiment. Additionally, the estimated data can be used to identify outlier data sets, as well as to increase the understanding of the other data from the experiment. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sakhanenko, NA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, MSC01 1130,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM sanik@cs.unm.edu; luger@cs.unm.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1313 EP 1325 DI 10.1142/S0129183106009813 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 099AR UT WOS:000241565400007 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Cabrera, M Lipkowski, P Huertas, O Sumpter, BG Orozco, M Luque, FJ Wells, JC Leszczynski, J AF Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel Lipkowski, Pawel Huertas, Oscar Sumpter, Bobby G. Orozco, Modesto Luque, F. Javier Wells, Jack C. Leszczynski, Jerzy TI Aromaticity-induced changes in the electronic properties of size-expanded DNA bases: Case of xC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY NOV 04-05, 2005 CL Jackson, MS SP Jackson State Univ, USA Crops Engineers, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr DE xDNA; yDNA; nanowires; size-expanded DNA bases ID PAIRED GENETIC HELIX; AB-INITIO; INFRARED-SPECTRA; MATRIX-ISOLATION; ANALOGS; TAUTOMERS; CHARACTER; CYTOSINE; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB Size-expanded DNA bases are analogues of natural bases that can be described as a synthesis between benzene and a natural base. Size-expanded bases have been combined with natural bases to form xDNA and yDNA, a new class of synthetic nucleic acids. We are interested in xDNA and yDNA because they might function as molecular wires. Recently, we also became intrigued by the possibility of altering the electronic conductivity of xDNA and yDNA by means of structural changes in the constituent bases. This possibility appeared after we noticed that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap of the base yG can be increased dramatically, similar to 0.73 eV, by changing the aromaticity of its benzene ring. Therefore, if one is able to alter the HOMO-LUMO gap of size-expanded bases, it should be possible to change the electronic conductivity of xDNAs and yDNAs as well. In the present work, we extend our study on aromaticity-induced changes on the electronic properties of size-expanded bases by investigating the HOMO-LUMO gap of all possible tautomers of xC. We have found that, as for yG, the HOMO-LUMO gap of xC can be modified by similar to 0.74 eV, and that this can be accomplished by changing the aromaticity of its benzenering. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50379 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Dept Fisicoquim, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Recerca Biomed, Unitat Modelitzacio Mol Bioinformat, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Fac Quim, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Fuentes-Cabrera, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fuentescabma@ornl.gov RI Lipkowski, Pawel/E-7729-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; Luque, F. Javier/L-9652-2014; OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Luque, F. Javier/0000-0002-8049-3567; Orozco Lopez, Modesto/0000-0002-8608-3278 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 SI SI BP 2339 EP 2346 DI 10.1002/qua.20966 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 062ZE UT WOS:000238984700006 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Coleman, MA Jones, IM Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, Francesco Coleman, Matthew A. Jones, Irene M. Wyrobek, Andrew J. TI Candidate protein biodosimeters of human exposure to ionizing radiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE radiation response; blood; skin; fibroblasts ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; ATM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; S-PHASE CHECKPOINT; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED ATM; SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION CHANGES; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; LOW-DOSE RADIATION; FACTOR-KAPPA-B AB Purpose: To conduct a literature review of candidate protein biomarkers for individual radiation biodosimetry of exposure to ionizing radiation. Materials and methods: Reviewed similar to 300 publications (1973-April 2006) that reported protein effects in mammalian systems after either in vivo or in vitro radiation exposure. Results: We found 261 radiation-responsive proteins including 173 human proteins. Most of the studies used high doses of ionizing radiation (> 4 Gy) and had no information on dose- or time-responses. The majority of the proteins showed increased amounts or changes in phosphorylation states within 24 h after exposure (range: 1.5- to 10-fold). Of the 47 proteins that are responsive at doses of 1 Gy and below, 6 showed phosphorylation changes at doses below 10 cGy. Proteins were assigned to 9 groups based on consistency of response across species, dose- and time-response information and known role in the radiation damage response. Conclusions: ATM (Ataxia telengiectasia mutated), H2AX (histone 2AX), CDKN1A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), and TP53 (tumor protein 53) are top candidate radiation protein biomarkers. Furthermore, we recommend a panel of protein biomarkers, each with different dose and time optima, to improve individual radiation biodosimetry for discriminating between low-, moderate-, and high-dose exposures. Our findings have applications for early triage and follow-up medical assessments. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biosci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Biosci Directorate, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 74R0157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajwyrobek@lbl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867; Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 316 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 82 IS 9 BP 605 EP 639 DI 10.1080/09553000600930103 PG 35 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 107IM UT WOS:000242164300001 PM 17050475 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Romanek, CS Mills, GL Davis, RC Whitman, WB Wiegel, J AF Lee, Yong-Jin Romanek, Christopher S. Mills, Gary L. Davis, Richard C. Whitman, William B. Wiegel, Juergen TI Gracilibacter thermotolerans gen. nov., sp nov., an anaerobic, thermotolerant bacterium from a constructed wetland receiving acid sulfate water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANT CULTURABLE BACTERIA; SOIL AB An obligatorily anaerobic, thermotolerant, asporogenic bacterium, strain JW/YJL-S1(T) was isolated from a sediment sample of a constructed wetland system receiving acid sulfate water (pH 1-6-3-0). Cells of strain JW/YJL-S1(T) were straight to curved rods 0-2-0-4 mu m in diameter and 2-0-7-0 mu m in length, and stained Gram-negative. Growth of strain JW/YJL-S1T was observed at 25-54 degrees C (no growth at or below 20 or at or above 58 degrees C), with an optimum temperature range for growth of 42-5-46-5 degrees C. The pH(25 degrees C) range for growth was 6-0-8-25 (no growth at or below pH 5-7 or at or above pH 8-5), with optimum growth at pH 6-8-7-75. The salinity range for growth was 0-1-5% (w/v) NaCl, with an optimum at 0-0-5 %, During growth on glucose the isolate produced acetate, lactate and ethanol as main fermentation end products. The fatty acid composition was dominated by branched-chain compounds: i15: 0, a15: 0, i16: 0 and i17: 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42-8 mol% (HPLC). Strain JW/YJL-S1(T) showed polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene. Its closest relative was the thermophilic Clostridium thermosuccinogenes DSM 5807 T (a member of Clostridium cluster III) (a BLASTN search revealed Clostridium pascui DSM 10365 T to have 92-7 % gene sequence similarity, the highest value). The inferred phylogenetic trees placed strain JW/YJL-S1(T) between Clostridium clusters I/II and III. Based on the morphological and phylogenetic data presented, JW/YJL-S1(T) (= DSM 17427(T) = ATCC BAA-1219(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species in a new genus, Gracilibacter thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Wiegel, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwiegel@uga.edu OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 BP 2089 EP 2093 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64040-0 PN 9 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 088AI UT WOS:000240783500010 PM 16957104 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Kye, YS Kolesnikov, AI Harbison, GS AF Zhou, Jun Kye, Young-Sik Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Harbison, Gerard S. TI Origins of isotopomeric polymorphism SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Isotope Workshop of the European-Society-for-Isotope-Research CY JUN 25-30, 2005 CL Leipzig, GERMANY SP European Soc Isotope Res DE crystal structures; hydrogen bonds; hydrogen-2; isotopomers; isotope effects; NMR; organic crystals; polymorphism ID DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; HYDROGEN-BOND; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; 4-METHYLPYRIDINE; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; COMPLEX AB The complex formed between 4-methylpyridine and pentachlorophenol (4MPPCP) crystallises in a triclinic space group. If the same complex is synthesized from deuterated pentachlorophenol, it crystallizes in an entirely different monoclinic polymorph. Using solid-state NMR of samples synthesized with a full range of deuteration levels, crystallized from solution or the melt, and in the presence or absence of seeds, we have confirmed that the isotopomers indeed have different thermodynamically stable crystal structures. The roots of this phenomenon of isotopomeric polymorphism apparently lie in the differences in hydrogen bonding between the polymorphs. The triclinic form has a relatively short hydrogen bond. High-field solid-state NMR shows both the H-1 chemical shift and the H-2 electric quadrupole coupling of the hydrogen involved in the bond to be strongly temperature-dependent, indicating a low-lying excited state of the hydrogen bond longitudinal vibration. Inelastic neutron scattering of isotopomers of 4MPPCP has allowed us to identify the three orthogonal vibrational modes of the hydrogen in the hydrogen bond, at 29.7, 145, and 205 meV (240, 1168, and 1651 cm(-1)). The longitudinal mode is the lowest in energy, and it indicates a slightly asymmetric low-barrier double-well potential. Intrinsic to such potentials is a very small difference in zero-point energies (ZPEs) between the protonated and deuterated forms. As a contrast, the monoclinic form has a comparatively normal hydrogen bond, in which the proton and deuteron ZPEs should be different by approximately 500 cm(-1) . A scenario can be envisaged where the triclinic protonated form is lower in energy than the monoclinic protonated form, but the triclinic deuterated form is higher in energy than the monoclinic deuterated form. This evidently accounts for the difference in relative stabilities of the two forms upon isotope substitution. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harbison, GS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, 723 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM gerry@setanta.unl.edu RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 065252] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1080/10256010600840093 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 068NX UT WOS:000239382400007 PM 16870562 ER PT J AU Watkins, T Schriesheim, A Merrill, S AF Watkins, Todd Schriesheim, Alan Merrill, Stephen TI Glide path to irrelevance - Federal funding for aeronautics SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Lehigh Univ, Coll Business & Econ, Bethlehem, PA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Watkins, T (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Coll Business & Econ, Bethlehem, PA USA. EM watkins@lehigh.edu; aschries@aol.com; smerrill@nas.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 089TP UT WOS:000240904100031 ER PT J AU Brown, MA Park, TS Rosakis, A Ustundag, E Huang, Y Tamura, N Valek, B AF Brown, Michall A. Park, Tae-Soon Rosakis, Ares Ustundag, Ersan Huang, Young Tamura, Nobumichi Valek, Bryan TI A comparison of X-ray microdiffraction and coherent gradient sensing in measuring discontinuous curvatures in thin film: Substrate systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Trends in Mechanics CY NOV 15-16, 2004 CL Calif Inst Technol, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA HO Calif Inst Technol, Grad Aeronaut Lab ID EVOLUTION AB The coherent gradient sensor (CGS) is a shearing interferometer which has been. proposed for the rapid, full-field measurement of deformation states (slopes and curvatures) in thin film-wafer substrate systems, and for the subsequent inference of stresses in the thin films. This approach needs to be verified using a more well-established but time-consuming grain orientation and stress measurement tool, X-ray microdiffraction (XRD). Both CGS and XRD are used to measure the deformation state of the same W film/Si wafer at room temperature. CGS provides a global, wafer-level measurement of slopes while XRD provides a local micromeasurement of lattice rotations. An extreme case of a circular Si wafer with a circular W film island in its center is used because of the presence of discontinuous system curvatures across the wafer The results are also compared with a theoretical model based on elastic plate analysis of the axisymmetric biomaterial film-substrate system. Slope and curvature measurements by XRD and by CGS compare very well with each other and with theory. The favorable comparison demonstrates that wafer-level CGS metrology provides a quick and accurate alternative to other measurements. It also demonstrates the accuracy of plate theory in modeling thin film-substrate systems, even in the presence of curvature discontinuities. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Orax Diagnost, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, M-C 205-45, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mabrown@Caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1115/1.2150500 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 077ED UT WOS:000240009700003 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, Richard M. TI A comparative evaluation of three isotropic, two property failure theories SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Trends in Mechanics CY NOV 15-16, 2004 CL Calif Inst Technol, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA HO Calif Inst Technol, Grad Aeronaut Lab ID PLASTICITY; CRITERION; STRESS; YIELD AB Three fundamentally different failure theories for homogeneous and isotropic materials tire examined in both the ductile and brittle ranges of behavior All three theories are calibrated by just two independent failure properties. These three are the Coulomb-Mohr form, the Drucker-Prager form, and a recently derived theory involving a quadratic representation along with a fracture restriction. The three theories are given a detailed comparison and evaluation. The Coulomb-Mohr form and the Drucker-Prager form are found to predict physically unrealistic behavior in some important cases. The present form meets the, consistency requirements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 73 IS 5 BP 852 EP 859 DI 10.1115/1.2173007 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 077ED UT WOS:000240009700019 ER PT J AU Auciello, O AF Auciello, Orlando TI Science and technology of thin films and interfacial layers in ferroelectric and high-dielectric constant heterostructures and application to devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CONDUCTING BARRIER; TI-AL; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION-KINETICS; BOTTOM ELECTRODES; MEMORY DEVICES; IN-SITU; CAPACITORS; INTEGRATION AB The fabrication of the next generation of complex oxide thin film-based micro and nanoscale devices, such as, for example, low and high density nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMS), high-dielectric constant (K) high-frequency devices, and the next generation of complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) nanoscale devices based on high-K dielectrics, require understanding and control of film growth and interface processes as well as development of materials integration strategies with atomic scale control. In recent years, we developed and applied a unique combination of integrated film synthesis / in situ characterization and ex situ analytical techniques capable of providing information about thin film surface and interface processes at the atomic scale as required for the development of the devices mentioned above. These techniques are also useful for establishing composition-microstructure-property relationships critical for the integration of oxide thin films with semiconductor device platforms for the development of a whole new generation of micro and nanodevices based on film technologies beyond semiconductors and specifically silicon. Our recent work has been focused on developing diffusion barrier layers and heterostructured bottom electrodes that play a critical role in high-density FeRAM integration. We demonstrated that TiAl layers can be used as a material with a double diffusion barrier/bottom electrode functionality for integration of ferroelectric capacitors CMOS devices for fabrication of FeRAMs. We also demonstrated that control of interfaces is critical to the integration of high-K dielectric films with appropriate substrates for the fabrication of high-performance high-frequency devices, and here again a diffusion barrier such as the TiAl layer developed by our group is critical for such integration. These studies revealed that when properly oxidized, nanoscale thick amorphous Ti-Al-O layers exhibit properties that make them strong candidates for application as gate dielectric in the next generation of nanoscale CMOS devices. We discuss here results from systematic studies designed to understand film growth and interface processes and their effect on materials integrations and composition-microstructure-property relationships and oxidation processes using sputter-deposition in conjunction with complementary in situ atomic layer-resolution mass spectroscopy of recoil ion (MSRI) and surface sensitive x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization. The unique combination of films synthesis and in situ/ex situ analytical techniques provides a powerful platform for the fundamental and applied materials science needed for the development of the next generation of multifunctional micro and nanoscale devices. A common theme in this article is the science and technology a TiAl layer that exhibit multifunctional characteristics as diffusion barrier and bottom electrode for integration of ferroelectric and high-dielectric constant (K) thing films with appropriate platform substrates for FeRAMs and high-frequency devices, and as a promising high-K dielectric layer for the next generation of nanoscale CMOS gates, flash memories, and other micro and nanodevices that require high-K layers in the device architecture. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 051614 DI 10.1063/1.2337005 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500015 ER PT J AU Baik, S Setter, N Auciello, O AF Baik, Sunggi Setter, Nava Auciello, Orlando TI Preface: Science of ferroelectric thin films and application to devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Chem Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 051501 DI 10.1063/1.2336995 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500001 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Roder, C Ice, GE Einfeldt, S Budai, JD Barabash, OM Figge, S Hommel, D AF Barabash, R. I. Roder, C. Ice, G. E. Einfeldt, S. Budai, J. D. Barabash, O. M. Figge, S. Hommel, D. TI Spatially resolved distribution of dislocations and crystallographic tilts in GaN layers grown on Si(111) substrates by maskless cantilever epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WING TILT; LATERAL OVERGROWTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; FILMS; PENDEOEPITAXY; HETEROEPITAXY; CRYSTALS; STRAIN AB The spatial distribution of strain, misfit and threading dislocations, and crystallographic orientation in uncoalesced GaN layers grown on Si(111) substrates by maskless cantilever epitaxy was studied by polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction, high resolution monochromatic x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Tilt boundaries formed at the column/wing interface depending on the growth conditions. A higher lateral to vertical growth ratio suppressed sidewall deposition and was found to produce larger lattice tilts in the GaN films. Two kinds of crystallographic tilts are observed in the films. The measurements revealed that the free-hanging wings are tilted upward at room temperature in the direction perpendicular to the stripes. Finite element simulations of the thermally induced part of the wing tilt are presented. Moreover, a misorientation between the GaN(0001) and the Si(111) planes is observed in the parallel to the stripe direction. Its origin is discussed with respect to the strain of the epitaxial GaN on a miscut Si(111) surface and misfit dislocations formed at the interface. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 053103 DI 10.1063/1.2234807 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500019 ER PT J AU Nieto, M Allain, JP Titov, V Hendricks, MR Hassanein, A Rokusek, D Chrobak, C Tarrio, C Barad, Y Grantham, S Lucatorto, TB Rice, B AF Nieto, Martin Allain, Jean-Paul Titov, Vladimir Hendricks, Matthew R. Hassanein, Ahmed Rokusek, Daniel Chrobak, Christopher Tarrio, Charles Barad, Yaniv Grantham, Steven Lucatorto, Thomas B. Rice, Brian TI Effect of xenon bombardment on ruthenium-coated grazing incidence collector mirror lifetime for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EUV LITHOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SOURCE; NEXT-GENERATION; 13.5 NM; PLASMA; SIMULATION; POWER AB The effect of energetic xenon ion bombardment on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectivity performance of mirrors is of vital importance for the performance of discharge- and laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet lithography sources. To study these effects, we measured absolute and relative reflectivities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Interaction of Materials with Particles and Components Testing facility to quantify the effects of singly ionized Xe ion bombardment on the reflectivity of Ru EUV collector mirrors. Results show that unity sputtering is reached at Xe+ energies near 400-500 eV. The Xe+-induced sputter yield decreases an order of magnitude with only a 60% decrease in energy. Incident angle-dependent data of Xe+ bombardment show that the sputter yield is weakly dependent on angle at energies near 1 keV. Dynamic measurements of in situ EUV reflectivity during Xe+ irradiation show that the oxygen state of the reflecting mirror has a significant effect on reflectivity performance. For example, 13.5 nm light reflecting from an oxygen-rich mirror results in over a 40% loss in reflectivity. These studies also found that the surface roughness increased only at the atomic scale (subnanometer scale) when exposed to energetic Xe+ and thus did not contribute to EUV reflectivity losses except for cases of very high fluences (> 10(16) cm(-2)). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Nieto, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM allain@anl.gov OI Nieto-Perez, Martin/0000-0001-6600-9786; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 053510 DI 10.1063/1.2337106 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500042 ER PT J AU Setter, N Damjanovic, D Eng, L Fox, G Gevorgian, S Hong, S Kingon, A Kohlstedt, H Park, NY Stephenson, GB Stolitchnov, I Tagantsev, AK Taylor, DV Yamada, T Streiffer, S AF Setter, N. Damjanovic, D. Eng, L. Fox, G. Gevorgian, S. Hong, S. Kingon, A. Kohlstedt, H. Park, N. Y. Stephenson, G. B. Stolitchnov, I. Tagantsev, A. K. Taylor, D. V. Yamada, T. Streiffer, S. TI Ferroelectric thin films: Review of materials, properties, and applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION MEASUREMENTS; NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC MICROSCOPY; INTERFACE SCREENING MODEL AB An overview of the state of art in ferroelectric thin films is presented. First, we review applications: microsystems' applications, applications in high frequency electronics, and memories based on ferroelectric materials. The second section deals with materials, structure (domains, in particular), and size effects. Properties of thin films that are important for applications are then addressed: polarization reversal and properties related to the reliability of ferroelectric memories, piezoelectric nonlinearity of ferroelectric films which is relevant to microsystems' applications, and permittivity and loss in ferroelectric films-important in all applications and essential in high frequency devices. In the context of properties we also discuss nanoscale probing of ferroelectrics. Finally, we comment on two important emerging topics: multiferroic materials and ferroelectric one-dimensional nanostructures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ceram Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Appl Phys Photophys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ramtron Int Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. Chalmers, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Ericsson Telecom AB, High Speed Elect Res Ctr, Molndal, Sweden. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Nano Devices Lab, Suwon 440600, South Korea. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Setter, N (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ceram Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM nava.setter@epfl.ch RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010; Hong, Seungbum/B-7708-2009; Gevorgian, Spartak/I-3841-2013; Stolichnov, Igor/B-3331-2014; Yamada, Tomoaki/I-6538-2014; Damjanovic, Dragan/A-8231-2008 OI Hong, Seungbum/0000-0002-2667-1983; Gevorgian, Spartak/0000-0002-5313-8738; Stolichnov, Igor/0000-0003-0606-231X; Yamada, Tomoaki/0000-0001-5790-9029; Damjanovic, Dragan/0000-0002-9596-7438 NR 443 TC 719 Z9 730 U1 91 U2 706 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 051606 DI 10.1063/1.2336999 PG 46 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500007 ER PT J AU Stephenson, GB Elder, KR AF Stephenson, G. B. Elder, K. R. TI Theory for equilibrium 180 degrees stripe domains in PbTiO3 films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN FERROELECTRIC-FILMS; THERMODYNAMIC THEORY; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DEPOLARIZATION FIELD; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE; PEROVSKITES; STABILITY; TITANATE; WALLS AB A thermodynamic theory is developed for equilibrium 180 degrees stripe domains in ferroelectric thin films on insulating substrates. Such stripe domains form to minimize the energy of the depolarizing field, and lead to a suppression of T-C in thin films. Expressions including depolarizing field and domain wall energy are developed and applied to coherently strained PbTiO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates, with an upper boundary condition of either a dielectric (SrTiO3), a conductor, or vacuum. An elastic solution appropriate for epitaxially strained stripe domains and 180 degrees domain walls is presented. We minimize the full nonlinear free energy using a numerical technique to obtain equilibrium polarization and field distributions, and determine the equilibrium stripe period as a function of temperature and film thickness for each upper boundary condition. While the stripe periods found agree reasonably well with the existing analytical solution using a linearized free energy, the suppression of T-C as film thickness decreases is as much as a factor of 10 smaller than that given by the linear solution. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Stephenson, GB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stephenson@anl.gov NR 52 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 051601 DI 10.1063/1.2337360 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500002 ER PT J AU Tuszewski, M AF Tuszewski, M. TI Ion and gas temperatures of 0.46 MHz inductive plasma discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED PLASMA; INSTABILITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB The ion and gas temperatures of inductively coupled plasma discharges, operated with low nitrogen gas pressures, are studied with optical emission spectroscopy. The nonresolved gas and ion rotational temperatures are estimated by comparing the measured and calculated spectra of selected transitions with a least-square procedure. The measured gas and ion temperatures increase weakly with gas pressure, and somewhat stronger with rf power. The ion temperatures (similar to 0.1 eV) consistently exceed the corresponding gas temperatures by factors of 2-2.5, in contrast with past results. This may be due in part to ion heating by the low-frequency rf fields. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tuszewski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mgtu@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 053301 DI 10.1063/1.2337167 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500028 ER PT J AU Wang, H Serquis, A Maiorov, B Civale, L Jia, QX Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR MacManus-Driscoll, JL Zhang, X AF Wang, H. Serquis, A. Maiorov, B. Civale, L. Jia, Q. X. Arendt, P. N. Foltyn, S. R. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. Zhang, X. TI Microstructure and transport properties of Y-rich YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION AB Epitaxial YXBa2Cu3O7-delta (YXBCO) thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on both single crystal SrTiO3 (100) and buffered polycrystalline metal substrates, where X=0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. The self-field critical current density (J(c)) of YXBCO exhibits the best performance at X=1.1 for the samples on both single crystal substrates and metal substrates. Epitaxial Y2O3 nanoparticles were observed in Y-rich samples (X > 1.0) by X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The field-dependence and angular-dependence measurements show that Y2O3 nanoparticles improve the in-field J(c) performance, especially in the low field regime, without reducing self-field J(c) of YBCO films. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, Inst Balseiro, CONICET, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wangh@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 053904 DI 10.1063/1.2337262 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500070 ER PT J AU Wen, SB Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RF AF Wen, Sy-Bor Mao, Xianglei Greif, Ralph Russo, Richard F. TI Radiative cooling of laser ablated vapor plumes: Experimental and theoretical analyses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PLASMA; GAS-DYNAMICS; AMBIENT GAS; AL VAPOR; EXPANSION; COEFFICIENTS; DEPOSITION AB A study was made of the cooling of the laser induced vapor plume in background air. The temperature and size variations of the vapor plume were determined from spectroscopic measurements during the first few tens of microseconds after the laser pulse. Experiments were carried out over a range of laser spot sizes and energies. The energy transport by thermal radiation from the vapor plume to the background air and to the test sample was formulated. Spectral line by line calculations were made by (a) calculating the detailed line emission profiles (valid for all optical depths), as well as by (b) dividing the lines into being either optically thin or optically thick. The calculations agreed with one another and with the experimental results for the decreasing vapor plume temperature. It was also shown that for optically thin conditions, which are often valid for small vapor plumes, the variation of the surface reflectivity of the test sample had very little effect on the cooling process. For optically thin conditions, the temperature decrease of the vapor plume was independent of the plume size, shape, and position. For larger optical thicknesses of the vapor plume, the calculations showed that the reflectivity of the sample surface and the size of the vapor plume would dramatically affect cooling of the vapor plume. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 053104 DI 10.1063/1.2220646 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500020 ER PT J AU Wu, JW Newell, R Hausmann, M Vieira, DJ Zhao, XX AF Wu, Jinwei Newell, Raymond Hausmann, Marc Vieira, David J. Zhao, Xinxin TI Loading dynamics of optical trap and parametric excitation resonances of trapped atoms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; OSCILLATOR AB We study the loading dynamics of an optical dipole trap and an optical lattice both experimentally and theoretically. A simple power dependence for the number of trapped atoms (N proportional to P-3/2) is revealed in both cases. We then study the parametric excitation of the trapped atoms. High order parametric resonance is observed close to but lower than 4 nu in a CO2 laser optical lattice. The existence of the high harmonic and its shift toward lower frequency are attributed to the anharmonicity of the optical trapping potential. We investigate the discrepancy between experimentally measured optical lattice frequencies and the theoretical calculation for several published experiments and present corrected formula for trap frequency calculations. Using this corrected formula and accounting for the off-center lattice sites, we present a modified formula for calculating the optical lattice frequency and obtain better agreement between experimental measurement and theoretical calculation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wu, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINC, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xxz@lanl.gov OI Zhao, Xinxin/0000-0001-8128-2561 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 054903 DI 10.1063/1.2266164 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500125 ER PT J AU Wielopolski, L Ramirez, LM Gallagher, D Heymsfield, SB Wang, ZM AF Wielopolski, L. Ramirez, L. M. Gallagher, D. Heymsfield, S. B. Wang, Z. M. TI Measuring partial body potassium in the arm versus total body potassium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body composition; in vivo; gamma ray spectroscopy ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; GENDER; AGE AB Skeletal muscle (SM), the body's main structural support, has been implicated in metabolic, physiological, and disease processes in humans. Despite being the largest tissue in the human body, its assessment remains difficult and indirect. However, being metabolically active it contains over 50% of the total body potassium (TBK) pool. We present our preliminary results from a new system for measuring partial body K (PBK) that presently are limited to the arm yet provide a direct and specific measure of the SM. This uniquely specific quantification of the SM mass in the arm, which is shielded from the body during measurement, allows us to simplify the assumptions used in deriving the total SM, thereby possibly improving the modeling of the human body compartments. Preliminary results show that PBK measurements are consistent with those from the TBK previously obtained from the same subjects, thus offering a simpler alternative to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging used for the same purposes. The PBK system, which can be set up in a physician's office or bedside in a hospital, is completely passive, safe, and inexpensive; it can be used on immobilized patients, children, pregnant women, or other at-risk populations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov OI Gallagher, Dympna/0000-0003-1769-9754 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK42618, P01 DK042618] NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 101 IS 3 BP 945 EP 949 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00999.2005 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 078SQ UT WOS:000240124100036 PM 16741259 ER PT J AU Shukla, MK Lal, R Ebinger, A Meyer, C AF Shukla, MK Lal, R Ebinger, A Meyer, C TI Physical and chemical properties of soils under some pinon-juniper-oak canopies in a semi-arid ecosystem in New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE detritus material; soil bulk density; soil organic carbon; soil structure; total nitrogen; water infiltration; water stable aggregates ID SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; SPATIAL-PATTERN; INFILTRATION; WOODLAND; EROSION; SITES; WATER; UTAH; RANGELAND; STABILITY AB Pinon (Pinus edulis)-juniper (Juniperus monosperma)-ecosystems increased substantially in the western USA during the 20th century. Sustainability of these ecosystems primarily depends on soil quality and water availability. This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the effect of tree species on soil physical quality in a semi-arid region in the western part of Sugarite Canyon, northeast of Raton, Colfax County, NM (37 degrees 56'32"N and 104 degrees 23'00"W) USA. Three cores and three bulk soil samples were obtained from the site under the canopy of three juniper, Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and pinon trees for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths. These samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, soil bulk density (rho(b)), water stable aggregation (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and stocks. Sand content was greater under juniper (48%) than oak (32%), whereas clay content followed the opposite trend. The rho(b), WSA, MWD, pH and EC were similar under juniper, pinon, oak canopies for both depths. Estimated (from Philip and Green and Ampt infiltration models) and measured water infiltration parameters did not vary among these sites and were in accord with the values for rho(b), WSA and MWD. The SOC concentrations and stocks were greater under oak (43.1 Mg ha(-1) for 0-10 and 37.5 Mg ha(-1) for 10-20 cm depths) than pinon (23.3 Mg ha(-1) for 0-10 and 18.5 Mg ha(-1) for 10-20 cm depths). The TN concentrations were greater under oak (3.4 g kg(-1)) than pinon (1.7 g kg(-1)) for the 0-10 cm depth only. Accumulation of detritus material under tree canopies reduced soil compaction and crusting caused by raindrop impact and increased SOC, and TN concentrations, and water infiltration. Coefficients of variation ranged from low to moderate for most soil properties except infiltration rate at 2.5 h, which was highly variable. Overall, soil quality for each site was good and soil aggregation, water infiltration and SOC concentrations were high, and Soil rho(b) was low. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shukla, MK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, MSC 3Q,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM shuklamk@nmsu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 66 IS 4 BP 673 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 057LC UT WOS:000238596300006 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Knuteson, RO Revercomb, HE Lo, C Dedecker, RG AF Turner, D. D. Knuteson, R. O. Revercomb, H. E. Lo, C. Dedecker, R. G. TI Noise reduction of Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observations using principal component analysis SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; RETRIEVAL; SURFACE; INSTRUMENT; RADAR; COMPRESSION; ALGORITHMS; RADIATION; ERROR; SHEBA AB A principal component noise filter has been applied to ground-based high-spectral-resolution infrared radiance observations collected by the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs) deployed by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) program. The technique decomposes the radiance observations into their principal components, selects the ones that describe the most variance in the data, and reconstructs the data from these components. An empirical function developed for chemical analysis is utilized to determine the number of principal components to be used in the reconstruction of the data. Statistical analysis of the noise-filtered minus original radiance data, as well as side-by-side analysis of data from two AERI systems utilizing different temporal sampling, demonstrates the ability of the noise filter using this empirical function to retain most of the atmospheric signal above the AERI noise level in the filtered data. The noise filter is applied to data collected at ARM's tropical, midlatitude, and Arctic sites, demonstrating that the random variability in the data is reduced by 5% to over 450%, depending on the spectral element and location of the instrument. A seasonal analysis of the number of principal components required by the noise filter for each site shows a strong seasonal dependence in the atmospheric variability at the Arctic and midlatitude sites but not at the tropical site. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dturner@ssec.wisc.edu NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1238 DI 10.1175/JTECH1906.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087ZP UT WOS:000240781600005 ER PT J AU Tseng, YH Dietrich, DE AF Tseng, Yu-Heng Dietrich, David E. TI Entrainment and transport in idealized three-dimensional gravity current simulation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SIGMA-COORDINATE; GULF-STREAM; TOPOGRAPHY; FLOW; REPRESENTATION; TURBULENCE; OVERFLOWS AB A purely z-coordinate Dietrich/Center for Air Sea Technology (DieCAST) ocean model is applied to the Dynamics of Overflow Mixing and Entrainment ( DOME) idealized bottom density current problem that is patterned after the Denmark Strait. The numerical results show that the background viscosity plays a more important role than the chosen coordinate system in the entrainment and mixing if the background viscosity is not small enough. Both higher horizontal viscosity and coarser resolution leads to slower along-slope propagation. Reducing vertical mixing parameterization also leads to slower along-slope propagation with thicker plume size vertically. The simulation gives consistent results for the moderate-and fine-resolution runs. At a very coarse grid the dense water descends more slowly and is mainly dominated by diffusion. Time-averaged downstream transport and entrainment are not very sensitive to viscosity after the flow reaches its quasi-steady status. However, more realistic eddies and flow structures are found in low-viscosity runs. The results show good convergence of the resolved flow as expected and clarify the effects of numerical dissipation/mixing on overflow modeling. Larger numerical dissipation is not required nor recommended in z-coordinate models. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. AcuSea Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tseng, YH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Roosevelt Rd,Sect 4, Taipei 10673, Taiwan. EM yhtseng@webmail.as.ntu.edu.tw OI Tseng, Yu-heng/0000-0002-4816-4974 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1249 EP 1269 DI 10.1175/JTECH1915.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087ZP UT WOS:000240781600007 ER PT J AU Harrison, AJ Yu, MM Gardenborg, T Middleditch, M Ramsay, RJ Baker, EN Lott, JS AF Harrison, Anthony J. Yu, Minmin Gardenborg, Theres Middleditch, Martin Ramsay, Rochelle J. Baker, Edward N. Lott, J. Shaun TI The structure of MbtI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of the siderophore mycobactin, reveals it to be a salicylate synthase SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOCHORISMATE PYRUVATE-LYASE; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; 4-AMINO-4-DEOXYCHORISMATE SYNTHASE; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; IRON ACQUISITION; CHORISMATE; METABOLISM; PROTEINS AB The ability to acquire iron from the extracellular environment is a key determinant of pathogenicity in mycobacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis acquires iron exclusively via the siderophore mycobactin T, the biosynthesis of which depends on the production of sallicylate from chorismate. Salicylate production in other bacteria is either a two-step process involving an isochorismate synthase (chorismate isomerase) and a pyruvate lyase, as observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or a single-step conversion catalyzed by a salicylate synthase, as with Yersinia enterocolitica. Here we present the structure of the enzyme MbtI (Rv2386c) from M. tuberculosis, solved by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction at a resolution of 1.8 angstrom, and biochemical evidence that it is the salicylate synthase necessary for mycobactin biosynthesis. The enzyme is critically. dependent on Mg2+ for activity and produces salicylate via an isochorismate intermediate. MbtI is structurally similar to salicylate synthase (Irp9) from Y. enterocolitica and the large subunit of anthranilate synthase (TrpE) and shares the overall architecture of other chorismate-utilizing enzymes, such as the related aminodeoxychorismate synthase PabB. Like Irp9, but unlike TrpE or PabB, MbtI is neither regulated by nor structurally stabilized by bound tryptophan. The structure of MbtI is the starting point for the design of inhibitors of siderophore biosynthesis, which may make useful lead compounds for the production of new antituberculosis drugs, given the strong dependence of pathogenesis on iron acquisition in M. tuberculosis. C1 Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1020, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Ctr Mol Biodiscovery, Auckland 1020, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland 1020, New Zealand. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lott, JS (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1020, New Zealand. EM s.lott@auckland.ac.nz OI Lott, Shaun/0000-0003-3660-452X NR 56 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 188 IS 17 BP 6081 EP 6091 DI 10.1128/JB.00338-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 080LV UT WOS:000240250200007 PM 16923875 ER PT J AU Fan, Q Lechno-Yossef, S Ehira, S Kaneko, T Ohmori, M Sato, N Tabata, S Wolk, CP AF Fan, Qing Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Ehira, Shigeki Kaneko, Takakazu Ohmori, Masayuki Sato, Naoki Tabata, Satoshi Wolk, C. Peter TI Signal transduction genes required for heterocyst maturation in Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLUE-GREEN ALGAE; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORY SYSTEMS; PCC 7120; RESPONSE REGULATOR; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PATTERN-FORMATION; BINDING PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIATION; CYANOBACTERIA; INACTIVATION AB How heterocyst differentiation is regulated, once particular cells start to differentiate, remains largely unknown. Using near-saturation transposon mutagenesis and testing of transposon-tagged loci, we identified three presumptive regulatory genes not previously recognized as being required specifically for normal heterocyst maturation. One of these genes has a hitherto unreported mutant phenotype. Two previously identified regulatory genes were further characterized. C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Saitama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Life Sci, Tokyo 106, Japan. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wolk@msu.edu RI FAN, QING/G-6356-2012 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 188 IS 18 BP 6688 EP 6693 DI 10.1128/JB.01669-05 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 083RM UT WOS:000240475900028 PM 16952961 ER PT J AU Cheng, Z Yao, W Pham, A Balooch, G Busse, C Balooch, M Kinney, J Lane, N AF Cheng, Z. Yao, W. Pham, A. Balooch, G. Busse, C. Balooch, M. Kinney, J. Lane, N. TI Bisphosphonates and raloxifene improve bone mineralization and strength through reduction in bone turnover and modulation of TGFbeta/Smad signaling pathways. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Healthy Aging, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S442 EP S442 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866303380 ER PT J AU Fuchs, RK Allen, MR Condon, KW Miller, LM Phipps, R Burr, B AF Fuchs, R. K. Allen, M. R. Condon, K. W. Miller, L. M. Phipps, R. Burr, B. TI Strontium ranelate does not stimulate cortical bone formation in ovariectomized rats. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Mason, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S427 EP S427 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866303327 ER PT J AU Karagiosis, SA Masiello, LM Bollinger, N Karin, NJ AF Karagiosis, S. A. Masiello, L. M. Bollinger, N. Karin, N. J. TI Lysophosphatidic acid-induced chemotaxis of MC3T3-E1 cells requires phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase but not EGF receptor transactivation. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S390 EP S390 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866303179 ER PT J AU Meng, Y Ba, X DiMasi, E Kwak, S Pernodet, N Rafailovich, M Qin, Y AF Meng, Y. Ba, X. DiMasi, E. Kwak, S. Pernodet, N. Rafailovich, M. Qin, Y. TI Longitudinal evaluation of osteoblastic cell biomineralization and differentiation in situ using high resolution X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, AFM, and SEM. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Meng, Yizhi/B-1233-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S372 EP S372 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866303111 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Little, W Schirmer, A Feldman, T Judex, S AF Miller, L. M. Little, W. Schirmer, A. Feldman, T. Judex, S. TI Microscopic imaging of bone composition and spatial correlation with mechanical strength. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866300281 ER PT J AU Ruppel, ME Carlson, CS Miller, LM AF Ruppel, M. E. Carlson, C. S. Miller, L. M. TI Compositional changes observed in calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in a monkey model of osteoarthritis. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S128 EP S128 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866301052 ER PT J AU Xie, L Busa, B Miller, L Judex, S AF Xie, L. Busa, B. Miller, L. Judex, S. TI The degree of mineralization is independent of gender, bone type, age, and mineral appostion rates in the adolescent mouse. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S334 EP S334 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866302416 ER PT J AU Svec, F AF Svec, Frantisek TI Less common applications of monoliths: Preconcentration and solid-phase extraction SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE monolith; solid-phase extraction; silica; polymer; capillary; microchip ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE) MONOLITH; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; STATIONARY PHASES; ONLINE PRECONCENTRATION; SEPARATION MEDIA AB Monolithic materials are finding their place in a variety of fields. While liquid chromatography is the most emphasized use of this new category of porous media, some other just as important applications are eclipsed by the success of monolithic columns. This review article describes all current facets of use of monoliths in preconcentration and solid-phase extraction. In addition to the typical off line use that does not seem to be the main stream application for the monolithic materials, in-line connection of the preconcentration with HPLC, electrochromatography, electrophoresis, enzymatic digestion, as well as its applications in microfluidics are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM svec@berkeley.edu NR 84 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 841 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.055 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 082NI UT WOS:000240393200006 PM 16650811 ER PT J AU Friedman, JH AF Friedman, Jerome H. TI Recent advances in predictive (machine) learning SO JOURNAL OF CLASSIFICATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Meeting of the Psychometric-Society/68th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric-Society CY JUL09, 2003 CL Cagliari, ITALY SP Psychometr Soc DE machine learning; boosting; support vector machine; kernel methods; decision trees ID REGRESSION AB Prediction involves estimating the unknown value of an attribute of a system under study given the values of other measured attributes. In prediction (machine) learning the prediction rule is derived from data consisting of previously solved cases. Most methods for predictive learning were originated many years ago at the dawn of the computer age. Recently two new techniques have emerged that have revitalized the field. These are support vector machines and boosted decision trees. This paper provides an introduction to these two new methods tracing their respective ancestral roots to standard kernel methods and ordinary decision trees. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Friedman, JH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jhf@stanford.edu NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-4268 EI 1432-1343 J9 J CLASSIF JI J. Classif. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 175 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s00357-006-0012-4 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Psychology GA 102DX UT WOS:000241792300002 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Hill, KK Gee, JE Marston, CK De, BK Popovic, T Sue, D Wilkins, PP Avashia, SB Drumgoole, R Helma, CH Ticknor, LO Okinaka, RT Jackson, PJ AF Hoffmaster, Alex R. Hill, Karen K. Gee, Jay E. Marston, Chung K. De, Barun K. Popovic, Tanja Sue, David Wilkins, Patricia P. Avashia, Swati B. Drumgoole, Rahsaan Helma, Charles H. Ticknor, Lawrence O. Okinaka, Richard T. Jackson, Paul J. TI Characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates associated with fatal pneumonias: Strains are closely related to Bacillus anthracis and Harbor B-anthracis virulence genes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; WELDING FUMES; TOXIN GENES; THURINGIENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; PXO1 AB Bacillus cereus is ubiquitous in nature, and while most isolates appear to be harmless, some are associated with food-borne illnesses, periodontal diseases, and other more serious infections. In one such infection, B. cereus G9241 was identified as the causative agent of a severe pneumonia in a Louisiana welder in 1994. This isolate was found to harbor most of the B. anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1 (13). Here we report the characterization of two clinical and one environmental B. cereus isolate collected (luring an investigation of two fatal pneumonia cases in Texas metal workers. Molecular subtyping revealed that the two cases were not caused by the same strain. However, one of the three isolates was indistinguishable from B. cereus G9241. PCR analysis demonstrated that both clinical isolates contained B. anthracis pXO1 toxin genes. One clinical isolate and the environmental isolate collected from that victim's worksite contained the cap A, B, and C genes required for capsule biosynthesis in B. anthracis. Both clinical isolates expressed a capsule; however, neither was composed Of poly-D-glutamic acid. Although most B. cereus isolates are not opportunistic pathogens and only a limited number cause food-borne illnesses, these results demonstrate that some B. cereus strains can cause severe and even fatal infections in patients who appear to be otherwise healthy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amh9@cdc.gov OI Ticknor, Lawrence/0000-0002-7967-7908 NR 25 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3352 EP 3360 DI 10.1128/JCM.00561-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000045 PM 16954272 ER PT J AU James, SC Shrestha, PL Roberts, JD AF James, Scott C. Shrestha, Parmeshwar L. Roberts, Jesse D. TI Modeling noncohesive sediment transport using multiple sediment size classes SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EFDC; sediment transport; numerical model; sediment particle size classification ID LOAD TRANSPORT; BED AB Contemporary three-dimensional numerical sediment transport models are often computationally expensive because of their complexity and thus a compromise must be struck between accurately modeling sediment transport and the number of effective sediment grain (particle) size classes to represent in such a model. The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was used to simulate the experimental results of previous researchers who investigated sediment erosion and gradation around a 180 degrees bend subject to transient flow. The EFDC model was first calibrated using the eight distinct particle size classes reported in the physical experiment to find the best erosion formulations to use. Once the best erosion formulations and parameters were ascertained, numerical simulations were carried out for each experimental run using a single effective particle size. Four techniques for evaluating the effective particle size were investigated. Each procedure yields comparable effective particle sizes within a factor of 1.5 of the others. Model results indicate that particle size as determined by the weighted critical shear velocity most faithfully reproduced the experimental results for erosion and deposition depths. Subsequently, model runs were conducted with different numbers of effective particle size classes to determine the optimal number that yields an accurate estimate for noncohesive sediment transport. Optimal, herein, means that numerical model results are reasonably representative of the experimental data with the fewest effective particle size classes used, thereby maximizing computational efficiency. Although modeling with more size classes can be equally accurate, results from this study indicate that using three effective particle size classes to estimate the distribution of sediment sizes is optimum. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Exponent Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP James, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM scjames@sandia.gov; pshrestha@exponent.com; jdrober@sandia.gov OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.2112/05-0479.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 092YD UT WOS:000241132700011 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Gao, HZ AF Wang, Yifeng Gao, Huizhen TI Compositional and structural control on anion sorption capability of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE layered double hydroxide; pertechnetane anion; surface adsorption; edge site adsorption; structure-property relationship; cage effect; oxyanion; waste disposal ID HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; ZERO CHARGE; MG-AL; REMOVAL; ADSORPTION; CHLORIDE; SORBENT; OXIDES; CLAYS AB Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have shown great promise as anion getters. In this paper, we demonstrate that the sorption capability of a LDH for a specific oxyanion can be greatly increased by appropriately manipulating material composition and structure. We have synthesized a large set of LDH materials with various combinations of metal cations, interlayer anions, and molar ratios of divalent cation M(II) to trivalent cation M(III). The synthesized materials have then been tested systematically for their sorption capabilities for pertechnetate (TcO4-). It is discovered that for a given interlayer anion (either CO32- or NO3-) the Ni-Al LDH with a Ni/Al ratio of 3:1 exhibits the highest sorption capability among all the materials tested. The sorption of TcO4- on M(II)-M(III)-CO3 LDHs may be dominated by the edge sites of LDH layers and correlated with the basal spacing d(003) of the materials, which increases with the decreasing radii of both divalent and trivalent cations. The sorption reaches its maximum when the layer spacing is just large enough for a pertechnetate anion to fit into a cage space among three adjacent octahedra of metal hydroxides at the edge. Furthermore, the sorption is found to increase with the crystallinity of the materials. For a given combination of metal cations and an interlayer anion, the best crystalline LDH material is obtained generally with a M(II)/M(III)ratio of 3:1. Synthesis with readily exchangeable nitrate as an interlayer anion greatly increases the sorption capability of a LDH material for pertechnetate. The work reported here will help to establish a general structure-property relationship for the related layered materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ywang@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 301 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.061 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 070QK UT WOS:000239538300002 PM 16750215 ER PT J AU Hansson, A Istrate, G Kasiviswanathan, SP AF Hansson, Anders Istrate, Gabriel Kasiviswanathan, Shiva Prasad TI Combinatorics of TCP reordering SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article AB We study a combinatorial problem motivated by a receiver-oriented model of TCP traffic from Istrate et al. (2006), that incorporates information on both arrival times, and the dynamics of packet IDs. An important component of this model is a many-to-one mapping FB from sequences of IDs into a sequence of buffer sizes. We show that: i) Given a buffer sequence B, constructing a sequence A of IDs that belongs to the preimage of B is no harder than finding matchings in bipartite graph. ii) Counting the number of sequences A of packet IDs that belong to the preimage of B can be done in linear time in the special case when there exists a constant upper bound on the maximum entry in B. iii) This problem also has a fully polynomial randomized approximation scheme when we have a constant upper bound on the number of repeats in the packet sequences in the preimage. We also provide experimental evidence that the two previous results suffice to efficiently count the number of preimages for buffer sequences observed in real TCP data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Istrate, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-5,POB 1663,Mail Stop M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gabrielistrate@acm.org NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6905 EI 1573-2886 J9 J COMB OPTIM JI J. Comb. Optim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10878-006-8904-0 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 072AW UT WOS:000239646000004 ER PT J AU Oberkampf, WL Barone, MF AF Oberkampf, William L. Barone, Matthew F. TI Measures of agreement between computation and experiment: Validation metrics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE validation of computational models; assessment of model accuracy; model credibility; uncertainty quantification; experimental uncertainty; fluid dynamics; solid dynamics ID TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS; LAMINAR HYPERSONIC FLOWFIELDS; FREE SHEAR LAYERS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; CODE VERIFICATION; VELOCITY-FIELD; PART 1; COMPRESSIBILITY; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL AB With the increasing role of computational modeling in engineering design, performance estimation, and safety assessment, improved methods are needed for comparing computational results and experimental measurements. Traditional methods of graphically comparing computational and experimental results, though valuable, are essentially qualitative. Computable measures are needed that can quantitatively compare computational and experimental results over a range of input, or control, variables to sharpen assessment of computational accuracy. This type of measure has been recently referred to as a validation metric. We discuss various features that we believe should be incorporated in a validation metric, as well as features that we believe should be excluded. We develop a new validation metric that is based on the statistical concept of confidence intervals. Using this fundamental concept, we construct two specific metrics: one that requires interpolation of experimental data and one that requires regression (curve fitting) of experimental data. We apply the metrics to three example problems: thermal decomposition of a polyurethane foam, a turbulent buoyant plume of helium, and compressibility effects on the growth rate of a turbulent free-shear layer. We discuss how the present metrics are easily interpretable for assessing computational model accuracy, as well as the impact of experimental measurement uncertainty on the accuracy assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oberkampf, WL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Mailstop 0828,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wloberk@sandia.gov; mbarone@sandia.gov NR 87 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 5 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.03.037 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 075SC UT WOS:000239904500002 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Zhao, M Lee, T Pestieau, N Bo, W Glimm, J Grove, JW AF Yu, Y. Zhao, M. Lee, T. Pestieau, N. Bo, W. Glimm, J. Grove, J. W. TI Uncertainty quantification for chaotic computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; chaotic flow ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; SHOCK PHYSICS PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTIONS; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS; ERRORS AB We seek error models for simulations that model chaotic flow. Stable statistics for the solution and for the error are obtained after suitable averaging procedures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yan2000@ams.sunysb.edu NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 200 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.03.030 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 075SC UT WOS:000239904500012 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Xiu, DB AF Tartakovsky, Daniel M. Xiu, Dongbin TI Stochastic analysis of transport in tubes with rough walls SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE random domain; stochastic inputs; differential equations; uncertainty quantification; Stokes' flow; dispersion ID EFFECTIVE BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; VISCOUS-FLOW; REYNOLDS-EQUATION; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FLUID-FLOW; SURFACE; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; FIELDS AB Flow and transport in tubes with rough surfaces play an important role in a variety of applications. Often the topology of such surfaces cannot be accurately described in all of its relevant details due to either insufficient data or measurement errors or both. In such cases, this topological uncertainty can be efficiently handled by treating rough boundaries as random fields, so that an underlying physical phenomenon is described by deterministic or stochastic differential equations in random domains. To deal with this class of problems, we use a computational framework, which is based on stochastic mappings to transform the original deterministic/stochastic problem in a random domain into a stochastic problem in a deterministic domain. The latter problem has been studied more extensively and existing analytical/numerical techniques can be readily applied. In this paper, we employ both a generalized polynomial chaos and Monte Carlo simulations to solve the transformed stochastic problem. We use our approach to describe transport of a passive scalar in Stokes' flow and to quantify the corresponding predictive uncertainty. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 9100 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dmt@lanl.gov; dxiu@math.purdue.edu RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.02.029 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 075SC UT WOS:000239904500014 ER PT J AU Atmanspacher, H Stapp, HP AF Atmanspacher, Harald Stapp, Henry P. TI Clarifications & specifications - In conversation with Harald Atmanspacher SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. RP Atmanspacher, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM haa@igpp.de; hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 BP 67 EP 85 PG 19 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 091PR UT WOS:000241041300004 ER PT J AU Priedhorsky, WC Hill, TR AF Priedhorsky, William C. Hill, Thomas R. TI Identifying strategic technology directions in a national laboratory setting: A case study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE R&D management; strategic planning; nonproliferation; national security technology AB We present a case study of strategic technology planning in a large, mission-oriented division of Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Division, Nonproliferation and International Security, was strongly oriented around its eponymous mission. The challenge for our planning process was one of scale: identifying a manageable handful of science and technology thrusts that would drive that mission forward. Based on a detailed analysis of future missions and technology possibilities, we identified three strategic directions: (1) computer-enabled understanding, (2) networked and intelligent sensors, and (3) physics applied to sensors. The lessons we learned apply to strategic planning in other diverse R&D organizations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Threat Reduct Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Priedhorsky, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Threat Reduct Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wpriedhorsky@lanl.gov OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3 BP 168 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2006.06.006 PG 14 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 090CI UT WOS:000240927800002 ER PT J AU Gamey, TJ AF Gamey, T. Jeffrey TI Collection and analysis of 3D magnetic data for UXO discrimination SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Magnetic and electromagnetic responses are fundamentally three-dimensional phenomena that we visualize in two dimensions for simplicity. In a single 1D profile, measurement noise and interpretational ambiguities can be reduced at any given point by considering the values of neighboring points along the line. Similarly, noise levels and interpretations can be further enhanced by extending the process from 1D to 2D by considering the values of neighboring lines. It is reasonable to expect that a similar improvement can be obtained by extending this concept from 2D to 3D. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gamey, TJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 105 Mitchell Rd,Suite 103, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.2113/JEEG11.3.185 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 093DR UT WOS:000241148200003 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Watson, DB Roh, Y Mehlhorn, TL Moon, JW Jardine, PM AF Phillips, D. H. Watson, D. B. Roh, Y. Mehlhorn, T. L. Moon, J. -W. Jardine, P. M. TI Distribution of uranium contamination in weathered fractured saprolite/shale and ground water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID IRON REACTIVE BARRIER; MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SUBSURFACE MEDIA; OAK-RIDGE; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; SOILS; TRANSFORMATIONS; EXTRACTION; TENNESSEE AB The objective of this study was to determine how structure, stratigraphy, and weathering influence fate and transport of contaminants (particularly U) in the ground water and geologic material at the Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Remediation Sciences Department (ERSD) Field Research Center (FRC). Several cores were collected near four former unlined adjoining waste disposal ponds. The cores were collected, described, analyzed for U, and compared with ground water geochemistry from surrounding multilevel wells. At some locations, acidic U-contaminated ground water was found to preferentially flow in small remnant fractures weathering the surrounding shale (nitric acid extractable U [UNA] usually < 50 mg kg(-1)) into thin (< 25 cm) Fe oxide-rich clayey seams that retain U (UNA 239 to 375 mg kg(-1)). However, greatest contaminant transport occurs in a 2 to 3 m thick more permeable stratigraphic transition zone located between two less permeable, and generally less contaminated zones consisting of (i) overlying unconsolidated saprolite (U-NA < 0-01 to 200 mg kg(-1)) and (ii) underlying less-weathered bedrock (UNA generally < 0.01 to 7 mg kg(-1)). In this transition zone, acidic (pH < 4) U-enriched ground water (U of 38 mg L-1) has weathered away calcite veins resulting in greater porosity, higher hydraulic conductivity, and higher U contamination (UNA 106 to 745 mg kg(-1)) of the weathered interbedded shale and sandstone. These characteristics of the transition zone produce an interval with a high flux of contaminants that could be targeted for remediation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Watson, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM watsondb@ornl.gov RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 55 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1715 EP 1730 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0124 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200008 PM 16899743 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Roh, Y Phelps, TJ Phillips, DH Watson, DB Kim, YJ Brooks, SC AF Moon, Ji-Won Roh, Yul Phelps, Tommy J. Phillips, Debra H. Watson, David B. Kim, Young-Jin Brooks, Scott C. TI Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of soil-saprolite cores from a field research site, Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; U(VI) REDUCTION; MILL TAILINGS; WATER-QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; BIOREMEDIATION; NITRATE; INHIBITION; ENRICHMENT AB Site characterization is an essential initial step in determining the feasibility of remedial alternatives at hazardous waste sites. Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of U-contaminated soils in deeply weathered saprolite at Area 2 of the DOE Field Research Center (FRC) site, Oak Ridge, TN, was accomplished to examine the feasibility of bioremediation. Concentrations of U in soil-saprolite (up to 291 mg kg(-1) in oxalate-extractable U-o) were closely related to low pH (ca. 4-5), high effective cation exchange capacity without Ca (64.7-83.2 cmol(c) kg(-1)), amorphous Mn content (up to 9910 mg kg(-1)), and the decreased presence of relative clay mineral contents in the bulk samples (i.e., illite 2.5-12 wt. %, average 32 wt. %). The pH of the fill material ranged from 7.0 to 10.5, whereas the pH of the saprolite ranged from 4.5 to 8. Uranium concentration was highest (about 300 mg kg(-1)) at around 6 m below land surface near the saprolite-fill interface. The pH of ground water at Area 2 tended to be between 6 and 7 with U concentrations of about 0.9 to 1.7 mg L-1. These site specific characteristics of Area 2, which has lower U and nitrate contamination levels and more neutral ground water pH compared with FRC Areas 1 and 3 (ca. 5.5 and < 4, respectively), indicate that with appropriate addition of electron donors and nutrients bioremediation of U by metal reducing microorganisms may be possible. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn & Planning, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Roh, Y (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, 300 Yongbong Dong, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM rohy@chonnam.ac.kr RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1731 EP 1741 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0123 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200010 PM 16899744 ER PT J AU Knox, AS Paller, MH Nelson, EA Specht, WL Halverson, NV Gladden, JB AF Knox, Anna Sophia Paller, Michael H. Nelson, Eric A. Specht, Winona L. Halverson, Nancy V. Gladden, John B. TI Metal distribution and stability in constructed wetland sediment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; MINE DRAINAGE; OXYHYDROXIDE; ADSORPTION AB The A-01 wetland treatment system (WTS) is a surface flow wetland planted with giant bulrush [Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla] that is designed to remove Cu and other metals from the A-01 National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) effluent at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC. Copper, Zn, and Pb concentrations in water were usually reduced 60 to 80% by passage through the treatment system. The Cu concentrations in the wetland sediments increased from about 4 to 205 and 796 mg kg(-1), respectively, in the organic and floe sediment layers in cell 4A over a 5-yr period. Metal concentrations were higher in the two top layers of sediment (i.e., the floc and organic layers) than in the deeper inorganic layers. Sequential extraction was used to evaluate remobilization and retention of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the wetland sediment. Metal remobilization was determined by the potentially mobile fraction (PMF) and metal retention by the recalcitrant factor (RF). The PMF values were high in the floc layer but comparatively low in the organic and inorganic layers. High RF values for Cu, Zn, and Ph in the organic and inorganic layers indicated that these metals were strongly bound in the sediment. The RF values for Mn were lower than for the other elements especially in the floc layer, indicating low retention or binding capacity. Retention of contaminants was also evaluated by distribution coefficient (K(d)) values. Distribution coefficient (K(d)) values were lower for Cu and Zn than for Pb, indicating a smaller exchangeable fraction for Ph. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Knox, AS (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Savannah River Site,773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM anna.knox@sml.doe.gov NR 33 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1948 EP 1959 DI 10.2134/jeq2006.0017 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090AY UT WOS:000240924200032 PM 16973636 ER PT J AU Socha, JJ AF Socha, John J. TI Becoming airborne without legs: the kinematics of take-off in a flying snake, Chrysopelea paradisi SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysopelea paradisi; take-off; kinematics; snake; glider; performance; behavior; locomotion; jumping ID GARTER SNAKES; PREY CAPTURE; BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT; PERFORMANCE; MECHANICS; STRIKING AB Among terrestrial vertebrate gliders, take-off presents a unique problem to flying snakes (Chrysopelea). Without legs, snakes must use fundamentally different kinematics to begin their aerial trajectories. To determine the effectiveness of different modes of take-off in a gliding snake ( C. paradisi), I videotaped multiple views of take-off from a horizontal branch and quantified the two-and three-dimensional coordinates of three points on the snake's body. Performance values derived from these coordinates were used to describe take-off in C. paradisi, compare modes of take-off, and make predictions about the ecological use of take-off in the wild. Four types of take-off were identified. In most observed take-offs, snakes used a vertically looped take-off (termed 'anchored J-loop' and 'sliding J- loop'), which represent the only true jumping in snakes. In an anchored J- loop take-off, the snake formed an anterior hanging loop and then jumped by holding the posterior body static on the branch and accelerating up and away from the branch. This was the most commonly used take-off mode. A sliding J-loop takeoff was similar but occurred with the entire body in motion. Snakes using such take-offs lowered less of their body below the branch than in an anchored J- loop takeoff, resulting in shorter preparation and vertical acceleration durations and producing a lower maximum vertical velocity. However, these differences did not produce significant differences after the snakes were fully airborne and had started their aerial trajectories. The non-looped take-offs (termed 'dive' and 'fall') were the least kinematically complex. Compared to the non-looped take-offs, looped take-offs allowed snakes to reach higher, range farther, and attain greater speeds. Futhermore, snakes that launched with looped take-offs traveled farther over the course of a full glide trajectory when starting from a 10 m high perch. Take- off in C. paradisi is qualitatively similar to that in other species of Chrysopelea and may represent a suite of behaviors that preceded the evolution of gliding flight in snakes. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Org Biol & Anat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Socha, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 438,Sector 32,9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jjsocha@uchicago.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 209 IS 17 BP 3358 EP 3369 DI 10.1242/jeb.02381 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 074TZ UT WOS:000239836000020 PM 16916972 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Kim, JH Jayanty, SS Howe, GA Han, KH AF Ko, Jae-Heung Kim, Jeong Hoe Jayanty, Sastry S. Howe, Gregg A. Han, Kyung-Hwan TI Loss of function of COBRA, a determinant of oriented cell expansion, invokes cellular defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cell elongation; cell wall; COBRA; defence; jasmonic acid; whole transcriptome ID GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-ANCHORED PROTEINS; CLASSICAL PLANT HORMONES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; SECONDARY GROWTH; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; SIGNAL PATHWAYS; MUTANT CEV1; JASMONATE AB An Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant that results in complete loss-of-function of the COBRA gene has been identified. The COBRA gene encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that modulates cellulose deposition and oriented cell expansion in roots. The loss-of-function mutant allele (named 'cob-5') exhibits abnormal cell growth throughout the entire plant body and accumulates massive amounts of stress response chemicals such as anthocyanins and callose. To gain further insight into the mechanism by which COBRA affects cell growth and physiology, the whole-genome gene expression profile of cob-5 plants was compared with that of wild-type plants. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, many genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated in the cob-5 plants, whereas genes involved in cell elongation were down-regulated. The most striking feature of the gene expression profile of cob-5 was the massive and co-ordinate induction of defence- and stress-related genes, many of which are regulated by the plant stress signal jasmonic acid (JA). Indeed, the cob-5 plants over-accumulated JA by nearly 8-fold compared with wild-type plants. Furthermore, induction of cell elongation defects in conditional allele cob-3 plants triggers the expression of a defence-responsive gene. These results provide potential clues to the mechanisms by which plant cells initially perceive biotic stress at the cell surface. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Han, KH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hanky@msu.edu RI Han, Kyung-Hwan/G-6141-2012; Ko, Jae-Heung/A-3370-2013 OI Han, Kyung-Hwan/0000-0001-9481-4643; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 57795] NR 52 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 57 IS 12 BP 2923 EP 2936 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl052 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 086TV UT WOS:000240696800002 PM 16873454 ER PT J AU Phongikaroon, S Judd, KP AF Phongikaroon, Supathorn Judd, K. Peter TI Surfactant effects on the free surface thermal structure and subsurface flow in a wind-wave tunnel SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID REYNOLDS RIDGE; MOVING WATER; MONOLAYER; LINES; FILM AB In this study, the dynamic effects of surfactant (oleyl alcohol) on the surface temperature and the near surface velocity field of a wind driven free surface are investigated. Different surfactant concentrations and wind speeds were examined to elucidate the flow physics. The water surface was imaged with an infrared (IR) detector and the subsurface flow was interrogated utilizing digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The IR imagery reveals the presence of a Reynolds ridge that demarcates the boundary between clean (hot) fluid and contaminated (cold) fluid. The clean region was found to be composed of laminae structures known as fishscales. A "wake region" which is ail intermediate temperature region resulting from mixing of the near surface fluid layers develops behind the ridge. Experimental results from infrared imagery indicate that the fishscales in the clean region become elongated and narrowed as the wind speed increases. In addition, the results reveal that higher wind speed is required to,form a Reynolds ridge in the presence of higher surfactant concentration. The plots of the surface temperature probability density functions reveal that these thermal structures undergo the same evaporative process while the increase in wind speed enhances this process. DPIV results reveal that the growth of a subsurface boundary layer for the contaminated case is more pronounced than that for the clean case. C1 USN, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phongikaroon, S (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM supathorn.phongikaroon@inl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1115/1.2234781 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 088JL UT WOS:000240807900003 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ Payne, J McWherter-Payne, M AF Roy, Christopher J. Payne, Jeffrey McWherter-Payne, Mary TI RANS simulations of a simplified tractor/trailer geometry SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles -Trucks, Buses and Trains CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP US DOE, United Engn Fdn ID TURBULENCE MODEL; VALIDATION; FLOWS AB Steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are presented for the three-dimensional flow over a simplified tractor/trailer geometry at zero degrees yaw angle. The simulations are conducted using a multi-block, structured computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The turbulence closure model employed is the two-equation Menter k-omega model. The discretization error is estimated by employing two grid levels: a fine mesh of 20 million cells and a coarser mesh of 2.5 million cells. Simulation results are compared to experimental data obtained at the NASA-Ames 7 X 10 ft wind tunnel. Quantities compared include vehicle drag, surface pressures, and time-averaged velocities in the trailer near wake. The results indicate that the RANS approach is able to accurately predict the surface pressure on the vehicle, with the exception of the base region. The pressure predictions in the base region are poor due to the inability of the RANS model to accurately capture the near-wake vortical structure. However the gross pressure levels in the base region are in reasonable agreement with experiment, and thus the overall vehicle drag is well predicted. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Aerosp Engn & Adv Concepts Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roy, CJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Aerosp Engn Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cjroy@eng.auburn.edu RI Roy, Christopher/C-5427-2013 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1089 DI 10.1115/1.2236133 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 088JL UT WOS:000240807900021 ER PT J AU Chimney, MJ Paller, MH AF Chimney, Michael J. Paller, Michael H. TI Observations on food habits of larval fishes in a southeastern (USA) floodplain wetland SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREY AVAILABILITY; RIVER; SELECTIVITY; DIET AB Larval fishes from a southeastern (USA) floodplain wetland consumed a variety of prey items, and the diets suggested that some larvae grazed the aufwuchs/benthic communities. Low diet overlap between centrarchids and cyprinids was attributed to differences in prey selection or utilization of different microhabitats. We speculate that either mechanism reduces interspecific competition for food. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chimney, MJ (reprint author), 53 Maplecrest Circle, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM mchimney@adelphia.net; michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 519 EP 521 DI 10.1080/02705060.2006.9665029 PG 3 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 071NR UT WOS:000239609400019 ER PT J AU Parmley, D Hutchison, JH Parham, JF AF Parmley, Dennis Hutchison, J. Howard Parham, James F. TI Diverse turtle fauna from the Late Eocene of Georgia including the oldest records of aquatic testudinoids in southeastern North America SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Late Eocene (Chadronian NALMA) Hardie Mine local fauna of the Clinchfield Formation in Wilkinson County, Georgia, preserves the most diverse turtle fauna in the Eocene of southeastern North America. This fauna includes at least five taxa including a dermochelyid, a cheloniid, a trionychid, a testudinoid, and an unidentified cryptodire. Chelonioids and trionychids are the most common turtles in this near-shore marine deposit. The aquatic testudinoids from the Hardie Mine site represent the oldest records from southeastern North America, a region that exhibits a high diversity of extant aquatic testudinoids. C1 Georgia Coll & State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. US DOE, Dept Evolutionary Genom, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Parmley, D (reprint author), Georgia Coll & State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Milledgeville, GA 31061 USA. EM dennis.parmley@gcsu.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2006)40[343:DTFFTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 084JN UT WOS:000240529300008 ER PT J AU Cheng, HC Thaler, J Wang, LT AF Cheng, Hsin-Chia Thaler, Jesse Wang, Lian-Tao TI Little M-theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE technicolor and composite models; beyond standard model; spontaneous symmetry breaking ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; COMPOSITE HIGGS-MODEL; PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAGRANGIANS; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; REALIZATION; DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY AB Using the language of theory space, i.e. moose models, we develop a unified framework for studying composite Higgs models at the LHC. This framework - denoted little M-theory - is conveniently described by a theoretically consistent three-site moose diagram which implements minimal flavor and isospin violation. By taking different limits of the couplings, one can interpolate between simple group-like and minimal moose-like models with and without T-parity. In this way, little M-theory reveals a large model space for composite Higgs theories. We argue that this framework is suitable as a starting point for a comprehensive study of composite Higgs scenarios. The rich collider phenomenology of this framework is briefly discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, HC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cheng@physics.ucdavis.edu; jthaler@jthaler.net; liantaow@schwinger.harvard.edu NR 72 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 003 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900080 ER PT J AU Freitas, A Skands, P AF Freitas, Ayres Skands, Peter TI Determining the SUSY-QCD Yukawa coupling SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry phenomenology; hadronic colliders; QCD ID LINEAR COLLIDERS; SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; SLEPTON PRODUCTION; E(+)E(-); COLLISIONS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Among the firm predictions of softly broken supersymmetry is the identity of gauge couplings and the corresponding Yukawa couplings between gauginos, sfermions and fermions. In the event that a SUSY-like spectrum of new particles is discovered at future colliders, a key follow-up will be to test these relations experimentally. In detailed studies it has been found that the SUSY-Yukawa couplings of the electroweak sector can be studied with great precision at the ILC, but a similar analysis for the Yukawa coupling of the SUSY-QCD sector is far more challenging. Here a first phenomenological study for determining this coupling is presented, using a method which combines information from LHC and ILC. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Freitas, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM afreitas@physik.unizh.ch; skands@fnal.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 043 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900040 ER PT J AU Hsu, JP Maloney, A Tomasiello, A AF Hsu, Jonathan P. Maloney, Alexander Tomasiello, Alessandro TI Black hole attractors and pure spinors SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flux compactifications; black holes in string theory ID SUPERSYMMETRY AB We construct black hole attractor solutions for a wide class of N = 2 compactications. The analysis is carried out in ten dimensions and makes crucial use of pure spinor techniques. This formalism can accommodate non-Kahler manifolds as well as compactications with flux, in addition to the usual Calabi-Yau case. At the attractor point, the charges x the moduli according to Sigma fk = Im (C Phi), where c is a pure spinor of odd (even) chirality in IIB (A). For IIB on a Calabi-Yau, Phi = Omega and the equation reduces to the usual one. Methods in generalized complex geometry can be used to study solutions to the attractor equation. C1 Stanford Univ, ITP, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hsu, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, ITP, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pihsu@stanford.edu; maloney@slac.stanford.edu; tomasiel@stanford.edu RI Tomasiello, Alessandro/J-1326-2014 OI Tomasiello, Alessandro/0000-0002-5772-5729 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 048 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900035 ER PT J AU Jackson, MG AF Jackson, Mark G. TI Cosmic superstring scattering in backgrounds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flux compactifications; String theory and cosmic strings ID VERTEX OPERATORS; STRINGS; FIELDS AB We generalize the calculation of cosmic superstring reconnection probability to non-trivial backgrounds. This is done by modeling cosmic strings as wound tachyon modes in the 0B theory, and the spacetime effective action is then used to couple this to background fields. Simple examples are given including trivial and warped compactifications. Generalization to (p,q) strings is discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jackson, MG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM markj@fnal.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 071 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900012 ER PT J AU Kersevan, BP Hinchliffe, I AF Kersevan, Borut Paul Hinchliffe, Ian TI A consistent prescription for the production involving massive quarks in hadron collisions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; NLO computations; hadronic colliders; parton model ID YAN CROSS-SECTION; DRELL-YAN; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HEAVY QUARKS; FIXED-TARGET; PHASE-SPACE; LEPTOPRODUCTION; ENERGIES AB This paper addresses the issue of production of charm or bottom quarks in association with a high p(T) process in hadron hadron collision. These quarks can be produced either as part of the hard scattering process or as a remnant from the structure functions. The latter sums terms of the type ( alpha(s) log( p(T)/m(q)))(n). If structure functions of charm or bottom quarks are used together with a hard process which also allows production of these quarks double counting occurs. This paper describes the correct procedure in form of a Monte-Carlo algorithm, which is consistently derived from the factorisation theorem and provides two examples of its implimentation inside a Monte-Carlo event generator in cases of the single top and Drell-Yan process simulation at the LHC. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kersevan, BP (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM borut.kersevan@ijs.si; I_Hinchliffe@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 033 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900050 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Noncommutative inspired black holes in extra dimensions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE models of quantum gravity; black holes; large extra dimensions; non-commutative geometry ID STANDARD MODEL; SPACE-TIME; NON-COMMUTATIVITY; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; GAUGE-THEORY; GEOMETRY; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; BOUNDS; PLANE AB In a recent string theory motivated paper, Nicolini, Smailagic and Spallucci ( NSS) presented an interesting model for a noncommutative inspired, Schwarzschild-like black hole solution in 4-dimensions. The essential effect of having noncommutative coordinates in this approach is to smear out matter distributions on a scale associated with the turn-on of noncommutativity which was taken to be near the 4-d Planck mass. In particular, NSS took this smearing to be essentially Gaussian. This energy scale is sufficiently large that in 4-d such effects may remain invisible indefinitely. Extra dimensional models which attempt to address the gauge hierarchy problem, however, allow for the possibility that the effective fundamental scale may not be far from similar to 1TeV, an energy regime that will soon be probed by experiments at both the LHC and ILC. In this paper we generalize the NSS model to the case where at, toroidally compactified extra dimensions are accessible at the Terascale and examine the resulting modi cations in black hole properties due to the existence of noncommutativity. We show that while many of the noncommutativity-induced black hole features found in 4-d by NSS persist, in some cases there can be significant modifications due the presence of extra dimensions. We also demonstrate that the essential features of this approach are not particularly sensitive to the Gaussian nature of the smearing employed by NSS. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 82 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 IS 9 AR 021 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/09/021 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 091IP UT WOS:000241020900062 ER PT J AU Zhang, WW Culley, DE Nie, L Brockman, FJ AF Zhang, Weiwen Culley, David E. Nie, Lei Brockman, Fred J. TI DNA microarray analysis of anaerobic Methanosarcina barkeri reveals responses to heat shock and air exposure SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarray; stress; Methanosarcina barkeri ID DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; GENE; PROTEIN; ARCHAEON; OXYGEN; MAZEI; TRANSPOSITION AB Methanosarcina barkeri is a methanogenic archaeon that can digest cellulose and other polysaccharides to produce methane. It can only grow under strictly anoxic conditions, but which can survive air exposure. To obtain further knowledge of cellular changes occurring in M. barkeri in response to air exposure and other environmental stresses, we constructed the first oligonucleotide microarray for M. barkeri and used it to investigate the global transcriptomic responses of M. barkeri to air exposure and heat shock at 45 degrees C for 1 h. The results showed that various house-keeping genes, such as genes involved in DNA replication recombination and repair, energy production and conversion, and protein turnover were regulated by environmental stimuli. In response to air exposure, upregulation of a large number of transposase encoding genes was observed. However, no differential expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase, catalase, nonspecific peroxidases or thioredoxin reductase was observed in response to air exposure, implying that no significant level of reactive oxygen species has been formed under air exposure. In response to heat shock, both Hsp70 (DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system) the Hsp60 (GroEL) systems were up-regulated, suggesting that they may play an important role in protein biogenesis in M. barkeri during heat stress. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Biomath, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 9 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0114-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 077ZZ UT WOS:000240071800008 PM 16604357 ER PT J AU Dong, CL Chen, YY Chen, CL Guo, JH Chang, CL AF Dong, C. L. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, C. L. Guo, J. -H. Chang, C. L. TI Electronic and magnetic properties of CeAl(2) nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism; Nanoparticles AB We presented the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies of heavy fermion compound CeAl(2) bulk and 8 nm nanoparticles, performed at the Ce M(4,5)- and L(3)-absorption edges. XMCD and XAS revealed that Ce in bulk CeAl(2) exhibits localized 4f(1) character with magnetic ordering. The Ce in nanoparticles, on the other hand, shows a small amount delocalized 4f(0) character with non-magnetic Kondo behavior. By applying general sum rules, an estimation of the orbital and spin contribution to those Ce 4f moments can be obtained. Our results also demonstrated that the magnetic behavior in CeAl(2) is very sensitive to the degree of localization of the 4f electrons. (C) 2006 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, C. L.; Chen, Y. Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Dong, C. L.; Chen, C. L.; Chang, C. L.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Guo, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dong, CL (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM cldong@phys.sinica.edu.tw RI Chen, Chi Liang/F-4649-2012; OI Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Science Council of the Republic of China [93-2112-M-001-022] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and the National Science Council of the Republic of China through Grant no. 93-2112-M-001-022. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 304 IS 1 BP E22 EP E24 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.02.029 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V06RW UT WOS:000207211700008 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Fan, GJ Liu, FX Wang, GY Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Fan, G. J. Liu, F. X. Wang, G. Y. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Rate dependence of shear banding and serrated flows in a bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NOTCH BENDING TESTS; CU-SI ALLOY; PLASTIC-FLOW; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOW; AMORPHOUS METALS; DEFORMATION; NANOINDENTATION; FRACTURE; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR AB Using an infrared camera, we observed in situ dynamic shear-banding operations during compression of a bulk metallic glass at various strain rates. We demonstrated that the shear-banding events are highly dependent on strain rates, either intermittent at the lower strain rate or successive at the higher strain rate. Serrated plastic-flow behaviors are a result of shear-banding operations. These observations provide a new insight into inhomogeneous deformation of metallic glasses. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2164 EP 2167 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0266 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 085BT UT WOS:000240578900001 ER PT J AU Potter, BG Chandra, H Simmons-Potter, K Jamison, GM Thomes, WJ AF Potter, B. G., Jr. Chandra, H. Simmons-Potter, K. Jamison, G. M. Thomes, W. J., Jr. TI Photostructural modifications in poly(methylphenylsilylene) thin films: Excitation wavelength and atmosphere dependence SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYSILANE HIGH POLYMERS; POLY(PHENYLMETHYLSILANE); PHOTODEGRADATION AB Electronic (UV-vis) and vibrational absorption spectroscopies were used to examine the impact of incident photon energy and local atmospheric composition on the development of photo-induced structural changes in poly [(methyl)(phenyl)silylene] thin films. The relative impact of atmosphere on the magnitude and nature of photostructural modifications in this material is found to be enhanced under 3.68 eV photon exposure where the incident photon is resonant with the lowest energy absorption of the Si-Si-conjugated backbone structure. This is in contrast to a greater overall magnitude of photo-induced structural change, with limited atmospheric dependence, observed under 5.1 eV exposure, resonant with absorption transitions associated with the pi-conjugated phenyl ring side group. These results provide insight into the underlying structural mechanisms contributing to the large refractive index changes typically observed in these materials. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, BG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. EM bgpotter@mse.arizona.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2393 EP 2400 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0288 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 085BT UT WOS:000240578900031 ER PT J AU Khare, A Saxena, A AF Khare, Avinash Saxena, Avadh TI Domain wall and periodic solutions of coupled phi(4) models in an external field SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXACT SOLITON-SOLUTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Coupled double well (phi(4)) one-dimensional potentials abound in both condensed matter physics and field theory. Here we provide an exhaustive set of exact periodic solutions of a coupled phi(4) model in an external field in terms of elliptic functions (domain wall arrays) and obtain single domain wall solutions in specific limits. We also calculate the energy and interaction between solitons for various solutions. Both topological and nontopological (e.g., some pulse-like solutions in the presence of a conjugate field) domain walls are obtained. We relate some of these solutions to the recently observed magnetic domain walls in certain multiferroic materials and also in the field theory context wherever possible. Discrete analogs of these coupled models, relevant for structural transitions on a lattice, are also considered. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Khare, A (reprint author), Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. EM khare@iopb.res.in; avadh@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 9 AR 092902-1 DI 10.1063/1.2345110 PG 26 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089JU UT WOS:000240877500017 ER PT J AU Orme, CJ Klaehn, JR Harrup, MK Luther, TA Peterson, ES Stewart, FF AF Orme, Christopher J. Klaehn, John R. Harrup, Mason K. Luther, Thomas A. Peterson, Eric S. Stewart, Frederick F. TI Gas permeability in rubbery polyphosphazene membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas permeability; polyphosphazenes; gas transport membranes ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; POLY; PERMEATION; ELECTROLYTES; SELECTIVITY; RESONANCE; MECHANISM; NMR AB The synthesis, characterization, and gas permeability of 10 new polyphosphazenes has been studied. Additionally, the first gas permeation data has been collected on hydrolytically unstable poly [bis-(chloro)phosphazene]. Gases used in this study include CO2, CH4, O-2, N-2, H-2, and Ar. CO2 was the most permeable gas through any of the phosphazenes and a direct correlation between the T, of the polymer and CO2 transport was noted with permeability increasing with decreasing polymer T, To a lesser degree, permeability of all the other gases studied also yielded increases with decreasing polymer T, The trend observed for these new polymers was further supported by published data for other phosphazenes. Furthermore, permeability data for all gases were found to correlate to the gas condensability and the gas critical pressures, except for hydrogen, suggesting that the nature of the gas is also a significant factor for permeation through rubbery phosphazene membranes. Ideal separation factors (a) for the CO2/H-2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs were calculated. For CO2/CH4, no increase in a was observed with decreasing T-g, however increases in a were noted for the CO2/H-2 pair. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Frederick.Stewart@INL.GOV RI Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017; Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939; Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.009 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 069UD UT WOS:000239472900022 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Dong, JH Nenoff, TM Ozokwelu, DE AF Gu, Xuehong Dong, Junhang Nenoff, Tina M. Ozokwelu, Dickson E. TI Separation of p-xylene from multicomponent vapor mixtures using tubular MFI zeolite mmbranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MFI; zeolite membrane; xylene; separation; membrane modification ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SEEDED GROWTH; MEMBRANES; SILICALITE; ADSORPTION; PERMEATION; ISOMERS; PERVAPORATION; DIFFUSION; KINETICS AB MFI zeolite membranes have been synthesized on tubular alpha-alumina substrates to investigate the separation of p-xylene (PX) from m-xylene (MX) and o-xylene (OX) in binary, ternary, and simulated multicomponent mixtures in wide ranges of feed pressure and operating temperature. The results demonstrate that separation of PX from MX and OX through the MFI membranes relies primarily on shape-selectivity when the xylene sorption level in the zeolite is sufficiently low. For an eight-component mixture containing hydrogen, methane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, PX, MX, and OX, a PX/(MX + OX) selectivity of 7.71 with a PX flux of 6.8 x 10(-6) mol/(m(2) S) was obtained at 250 degrees C and atmospheric feed pressure. The addition of a small quantity of nonane to the multicomponent mixture caused drastic decreases in the fluxes of aromatic components and the PX separation factor because of the preferential adsorption of nonane in the zeolite channels. The nanoscale intercrystalline pores also caused serious decline in the PX separation factor. A new method of online membrane modification by carbonization of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene in the feed stream was found to be effective for reducing the intercrystalline pores and improving the PX separation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, PRRC, Petr & Chem Engn Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US DOE, Ind Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Dong, JH (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, PRRC, Petr & Chem Engn Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM jhdong@nmt.edu NR 24 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 280 IS 1-2 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.02.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 069UD UT WOS:000239472900072 ER PT J AU Rho, BS Hung, LW Holton, JM Vigil, D Kim, SI Park, MS Terwilliger, TC Pedelacq, JD AF Rho, Beom-Seop Hung, Li-Wei Holton, James M. Vigil, Dominico Kim, Su-Il Park, Min S. Terwilliger, Thomas C. Pedelacq, Jean-Denis TI Functional and structural characterization of a thiol peroxidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thiol peroxidase; peroxiredoxin; site-directed mutagenesis; peroxidase activity; X-ray crystallography ID ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDE REDUCTASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HUMAN PEROXIREDOXIN-5; 2-CYS PEROXIREDOXIN; 1-CYS PEROXIREDOXIN; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; NITROSATIVE STRESS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB A thiol peroxidase (Tpx) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was functionally analyzed. The enzyme shows NADPH-linked peroxidase activity using a thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system as electron donor, and antioxidant activity in a thiol-dependent metal-catalyzed oxidation system. It reduces H2O2, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and cumene hydroperoxide, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. Mutational studies revealed that the peroxidatic (Cys60) and resolving (Cys93) cysteine residues are critical amino acids for catalytic activity. The X-ray structure determined to a resolution of 1.75 angstrom shows a thioredoxin fold similar to that of other peroxiredoxin family members. Superposition with structural homologues in oxidized and reduced forms indicates that the M. tuberculosis Tpx is a member of the atypical two-Cys peroxiredoxin family. In addition, the short distance that separates the C alpha atoms of Cys60 and Cys93 and the location of these cysteine residues in unstructured regions may indicate that the M. tuberculosis enzyme is oxidized, though the side-chain of Cys60 is poorly visible. It is solely in the reduced Streptococcus pneumoniae Tpx structure that both residues are part of two distinct helical segments. The M. tuberculosis Tpx is dimeric both in solution and in the crystal structure. Amino acid residues from both monomers delineate the active site pocket. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Pedelacq, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jpdlcq@lanl.gov RI Pedelacq, Jean-Denis/C-6053-2011; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 NR 60 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 361 IS 5 BP 850 EP 863 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.05.076 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 082CZ UT WOS:000240365600004 PM 16884737 ER PT J AU Heusel, G Bertagnolli, H Neuefeind, J AF Heusel, G. Bertagnolli, H. Neuefeind, J. TI X-ray diffraction studies on molten zinc bromide at high pressure SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; pressure effects; molten salts; medium-range order; short-range order ID CHLORIDE; ZNCL2 AB X-ray diffraction investigations into molten zinc bromide at temperatures of 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C and pressures up to 3000 bar are presented. The distinct terms and the total atom pair correlation functions of ZnBr2 are presented and the effect of the pressure on the structure is discussed. The results are compared with previous experiments on molten ZnCl2. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heusel, G (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM g.heusel@ipc.uni-stuttgart.de RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015 OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 30-31 BP 3210 EP 3216 DI 10.1016/j.noncrysol.2006.05.019 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 079XL UT WOS:000240211100007 ER PT J AU Tokarz, ML Speakman, SA Porter, WD Bilello, JC AF Tokarz, Michelle L. Speakman, Scott A. Porter, Wallace D. Bilello, John C. TI Stability of Ni-based bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses ID LIQUID AB Several ternary (NixNbySnz) refractory alloy glasses (RAGs) were studied at elevated temperatures in order to assess the stability of the amorphous state, i.e. devitrification, and to identify subsequent phase transformations in these materials. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments indicated a complex phase transformation sequence with several distinct crystallization and melting events being recorded above the glass transition temperature, T-g. Below T-g the RAG samples were studied with an in situ environmental X-ray furnace facility, which allowed step-wise isothermal ramping experiments commencing at a temperature below the reduced temperature of T/T-g approximate to 0.80. Distinct crystalline phases were observed when T/T-g approximate to 0.84 for ternary RAG alloys, while similar experiments on Zr-based Vit 106 glass alloys did not reveal any apparent phase separation until T/T-g approximate to 0.96. The phase separation kinetics followed an Arrhenius type of relationship with Ni3Sn, and Nb2O5 being the principle crystalline precipitates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tokarz, ML (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, 3062 HH Dow Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mtokarz@umich.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 30-31 BP 3236 EP 3243 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.05.012 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 079XL UT WOS:000240211100011 ER PT J AU Du, JC Corrales, LR AF Du, Jincheng Corrales, L. Rene TI Compositional dependence of the first sharp diffraction peaks in alkali silicate glasses: A molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction/scattering; molecular dynamics; alkali silicates; medium-range order ID INTERMEDIATE-RANGE ORDER; VITREOUS SILICA; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COVALENT GLASSES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; SOLIDS; ORIGIN; MOLTEN AB The compositional dependence of the first sharp diffraction peaks (FSDPs) of lithium, sodium and potassium silicate glasses were studied by calculating the neutron static structure factors. The advantage of using molecular dynamics simulations is that the contributions of partial structure factors to the FSDPs can be easily determined and provides the basis for detailed analysis. Examination of the correlations of the FSDP with the short and medium range structure reveal that the position and the shape of FSDP strongly depend on the type and concentration of alkali oxide in alkali silicate glasses. The characteristic repeating distances and the characteristic correlation lengths both decrease with increasing alkali oxide concentration indicating a decrease in the intermediate range order. In the lithium silicate glasses, the characteristic correlation length increases with lithium oxide concentration that is anomalous in that the trend is opposite to the other alkali silicate glasses. This anomaly is explained by the high field strength of lithium ions that increases the intermediate range order of the silicon oxygen network. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MSIN K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 30-31 BP 3255 EP 3269 DI 10.1016/j.noncrysol.2006.05.025 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 079XL UT WOS:000240211100014 ER PT J AU Mahurin, S Bao, LL Yan, WF Liang, CD Dai, S AF Mahurin, Shannon Bao, Lili Yan, Wenfu Liang, Chengdu Dai, Sheng TI Atomic layer deposition of TiO(2) on mesoporous silica SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE porosity; sol-gels (xerogels); zeolites ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOL-GEL MODIFICATION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; WATER; ADSORPTION; CATALYSTS; ALUMINA; DESIGN; SEPARATION; CHEMISTRY AB Ultra-thin layers of titanium dioxide are conformally grown within the pores of an ordered mesoporous silica, SBA-15, using atomic layer deposition, reducing the pore size from the original value of 67 A to a final value of 32 A. Analysis of the nitrogen isotherms indicated a conformal growth process in which both the internal surface area of the mesoporous material and the external surface was coated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 30-31 BP 3280 EP 3284 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.05.008 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 079XL UT WOS:000240211100017 ER PT J AU An, Q Zheng, L Luo, SN AF An, Qi Zheng, Lianqing Luo, Sheng-Nian TI Vacancy-induced densification of silica glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE radiation effects; defects; molecular dynamics; nano-clusters; silica; structure ID LASER-INDUCED DENSIFICATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VITREOUS SILICA; FUSED-SILICA; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INDUCED DAMAGE; ALPHA-QUARTZ; FORCE-FIELDS; PRESSURE; AMORPHIZATION AB We investigate vacancy-induced densification of silica glass using molecular dynamics simulations. Equilibration of defective glasses initially with various concentrations of vacancies yields glasses denser than the intact glass. The structural and vibrational properties of the densified glasses are characterized. Densification is related to structural changes induced by atomic rearrangement near vacancies, and increases with the concentration of vacancies. Vacancies may cluster and form voids, and the maximum densification for void-structured glasses occurs at a critical radius of about 0.44 nm. The glasses densified by vacancies and by simulated UV-laser irradiation display nearly identical structural and vibrational properties. These results appear to support the Douillard-Duraud point defect model as a common mechanism for radiation densification. of silica glass. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Plasma Phys P24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Plasma Phys P24, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Zheng, Lianqing/B-4171-2008; An, Qi/G-4517-2011; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; An, Qi/I-6985-2012 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 30-31 BP 3320 EP 3325 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.04.024 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 079XL UT WOS:000240211100024 ER PT J AU Mansur, LK AF Mansur, Louis K. TI Dr. Joseph B. Darby Jr. - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Journal Nucl Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mansur, LK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Journal Nucl Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mansurlk@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP V EP V DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.03.012 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800001 ER PT J AU Wolfer, WG Soderlind, P Landa, A AF Wolfer, W. G. Soderlind, Per Landa, A. TI Volume changes in delta-plutonium from helium and other decay products SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL-TRITIUM SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; PU; STABILITY; DAMAGE AB Small changes in volume are observed in plutonium, and several potential mechanisms have been proposed. In this paper, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis of volume changes due to the accumulation of helium and daughter products generated in the radioactive decay of plutonium. It is shown that volume changes in 8-phase plutonium caused by Am, U. and Np are significant and compensate to some degree the swelling from helium bubble formation and growth. Comparison with experimental results obtained so far suggests that the decay products dominate the rate of volumetric change in the long run. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wolfer, WG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wolfer1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.03.018 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800004 ER PT J AU Souidi, A Becquart, CS Domain, C Terentyev, D Malerba, L Calder, AF Bacon, DJ Stoller, RE Osetsky, YN Hou, M AF Souidi, A. Becquart, C. S. Domain, C. Terentyev, D. Malerba, L. Calder, A. F. Bacon, D. J. Stoller, R. E. Osetsky, Yu. N. Hou, M. TI Dependence of radiation damage accumulation in iron on underlying models of displacement cascades and subsequent defect migration SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC MONTE-CARLO; FE-CR ALLOYS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BINARY-COLLISION APPROXIMATION; ALPHA-IRON; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; REPLACEMENT COLLISION; THERMAL-EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSITION-METALS AB Groups of displacement cascades calculated independently with different simulation models and computer codes are compared on a statistical basis. The parameters used for this comparison are the number of Frenkel pairs (FP) produced, the percentages of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) in clusters, the spatial extent and the aspect ratio of the vacancies and the SIAs formed in each cascade. One group of cascades was generated in the binary collision approximation (BCA) and all others by full molecular dynamics (MD). The MD results differ primarily due to the empirical interatomic potentials used and, to some extent, in code strategies. Cascades were generated in simulation boxes at different initial equilibrium temperatures. Only modest differences in the predicted numbers of FP are observed, but the other cascade parameters may differ by more than 100%. The consequences of these differences on long-term cluster growth in a radiation environment are examined by means of object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) simulations. These were repeated with three different parameterizations of SIA and SIA cluster mobility. The differences encompassed low to high mobility, one- and three-dimensional migration of clusters, and complete immobility of large clusters. The OKMC evolution was followed until 0.1 dpa was reached. With the range of OKMC parameters used, cluster populations after 0.1 dpa differ by orders of magnitude. Using the groups of cascades from different sources induced no difference larger than a factor of 2 in the OKMC results. No correlation could be identified between the cascade parameters considered and the number densities of vacancies and SIAs predicted by OKMC to cluster in the long term. However, use of random point defect distributions instead of those obtained for displacement cascades as input for the OKMC modeling led to significantly different results. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Lille 1, UMR 8517, Lab Met Phys & Genie Mat, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EDF R&D, Dept MMC, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France. CEN SCK, Reactor Mat Res Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hou, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP234,Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM mhou@ulb.ac.be RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 84 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.04.009 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800011 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Clark, DE AF Totemeier, T. C. Clark, D. E. TI Effect of transient thermal cycles in a supercritical water-cooled reactor on the microstructure and properties of ferritic-martensitic steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Microstructural and mechanical property changes in modified 9Cr-1 Mo and HCM 12A ferritic-martensitic steels resulting from short-duration thermal transients that occur during loss of feedwater flow events in a supercritical water reactor (SCWR) were studied. Specimen blanks were exposed to reference transients with 8 10 and 840 degrees C maximum temperatures using a thermal cycle simulator, and the subsequent microstructure, hardness, and creep-rupture strength were evaluated. Exposure to five consecutive cycles at either temperature resulted in no significant changes - only very slight indications of overtempering. Subsequent study of a wider variety of transient conditions showed that significant ferrite-to-austenite transformation occurred during thermal transients whose maximum temperature exceeded 860 degrees C, or during transients with holds exceeding 10 s at 840 degrees C maximum temperature. The subsequent presence of untempered martensite in the microstructure, coupled with severe overtempering, resulted in an order of magnitude decrease in creep-rupture strength at 600 degrees C. The findings were consistent with measured A,, temperatures for the two steels and the dependence of A., on heating rate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM terry.totemeier@inl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.04.007 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800012 ER PT J AU Konobeev, YV Dvoriashin, AM Porollo, SI Garner, FA AF Konobeev, Yu. V. Dvoriashin, A. M. Porollo, S. I. Garner, F. A. TI Swelling and microstructure of pure Fe and Fe-Cr alloys after neutron irradiation to similar to 26 dpa at 400 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; CREEP AB The microstructures of pure Fe and various Fe-Cr binary alloys in both the annealed and heavily cold worked conditions were investigated after irradiation to 25.8 dpa at 4 x 10(-7) dpa s(-1) in the BR-10 fast reactor. Microscopy has shown that the largest swelling of 4.5% was observed in the cold worked pure iron while that of annealed Fe is only 1.7%. Additions of 2% chromium resulted in a decrease of swelling, but the swelling of cold worked Fe-2Cr alloy was still higher than that of the annealed condition. Independent of the initial starting condition, swelling in the Fe-6Cr alloy was completely suppressed. In alloys with higher chromium content swelling of 0.04-0.05% was observed only in samples irradiated in the annealed condition. There were also significant changes in dislocation and precipitate microstructure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Obninsk 249020, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.04.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800015 ER PT J AU Chung, BW Thompson, SR Woods, CH Hopkins, DJ Gourdin, WH Ebbinghaus, BB AF Chung, B. W. Thompson, S. R. Woods, C. H. Hopkins, D. J. Gourdin, W. H. Ebbinghaus, B. B. TI Density changes in plutonium observed from accelerated aging using Pu-238 enrichment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-IRRADIATION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; ALLOYS AB In support of Stockpile Stewardship activities, accelerated aging tests on a plutonium alloy enriched with 7.3 at.% of (238)Pu is underway using dilatometry at 35, 50, and 65 degrees C and immersion density measurements of materials stored at 50 degrees C. Changes in density are expected from radiation damage in the lattice and helium in-growth. After 25 equivalent years of aging, the dilatometry data shows that the alloys at 35 degrees C have expanded in volume by 0.11-0.12% and have started to exhibit a near linear expansion behavior primarily caused by the helium accumulation. The average He-to-vacancy ratio from tested specimens was determined to be around 2.55. The model for the lattice damage and helium in-growth accurately represents the volume swelling at 35 degrees C. The density converted from the dilatometry corresponds well to the decreasing density trend of reference plutonium alloys as a function of time. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chung7@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.05.015 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800018 ER PT J AU Miller, GK Petti, DA Maki, JT Knudson, DL AF Miller, Gregory K. Petti, David A. Maki, John T. Knudson, Darrell L. TI An evaluation of the effects of SiC layer thinning on failure of TRISO-coated fuel particles SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB The fundamental design for a gas-cooled reactor relies on the behavior of the coated particle fuel. The coating layers surrounding the fuel kernels in these spherical particles, consisting of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide layers, act as a pressure vessel that retains fission products. Many more fuel particles have failed in US irradiations than would be expected when only one-dimensional pressure vessel failures are considered. Several multi-dimensional failure mechanisms that may have contributed to these failures have been previously studied, such as (1) irradiation-induced shrinkage cracks in the inner pyrocarbon (IPyC) layer, (2) partial debonding between the IPyC and SiC layers, and (3) deviations from a perfectly spherical shape. A further phenomenon that could lead to particle failures is thinning of the SiC layer caused by either thermal decomposition or interaction with fission products. Results of a study of the effects of SiC thinning and criteria for evaluating this behavior in a fuel performance code are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Miller, GK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM GregoryK.Miller@inl.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.05.016 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 075FI UT WOS:000239868800019 ER PT J AU Daum, RS Majumdar, S Liu, Y Billone, MC AF Daum, Robert S. Majumdar, Saurin Liu, Yung Billone, Michael C. TI Radial-hydride embrittlement of high-burnup Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Water Reactor Fuel Performance Meeting (WRFPM-2005) CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE Zircaloy-4; cladding; hydrogen; hydrides; redistribution; reorientation; radial-hydride; ring compression; embrittlement; cracking; finite-element analysis ID ZIRCONIUM; STRESS; REORIENTATION; SOLUBILITY; HYDROGEN; RUPTURE; ALLOY; PHASE AB Prestorage drying operations of high-burnup fuel may make Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) fuel cladding more susceptible to failure, especially during fuel handling, transport, and post-storage retrieval. In particular, hydride precipitates may reorient from the circumferential to the radial direction of the cladding during drying operations if a threshold level of hoop stress at or above a corresponding threshold temperature is exceeded. This study indicates that the threshold stress is approximately 75-80 MPa for both nonirradiated and high-burnup stress-relieved Zry-4 fuel cladding cooled from 400 degrees C and, under ring compression at both room temperature and 150 degrees C, that radial-hydride precipitation embrittles Zry-4. Specifically, the plastic tensile hoop strain needed to initiate unstable crack propagation along radial hydrides decreases dramatically from >8% to <1% as radial-hydride fraction increases. Lower hydrogen contents (<= 300 wppm) appear to be more susceptible to radial-hydride embrittlement compared to higher contents (>600 wppm), like that found in high-burnup Zry-4. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Daum, RS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rdaum@anl.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3131 EI 1881-1248 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1054 EP 1067 DI 10.1080/18811248.2006.9711195 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 108UN UT WOS:000242264800016 ER PT J AU Burakovsky, L Preston, DL AF Burakovsky, Leonid Preston, Dean L. TI Shear modulus at all pressures: Generalized Guinan-Steinberg formula SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE elements; high pressure; elastic properties ID GRUNEISEN-PARAMETER; STRONG COMPRESSION; YIELD STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; EQUATIONS; SOLIDS; STATE; ELEMENTS; DEPENDENCE; DENSITIES AB The Guinan-Steinberg (GS) formula for the shear modulus at all pressures is widely used in material strength studies. As we demonstrate here, the GS formula predicts a value for the shear modulus that is higher than its actual value at low to moderate compressions, even if it has the correct ultrahigh pressure limit. We show that the reason for this shortcoming is insufficient negative curvature in the GS shear modulus as a function of pressure, and propose a generalized GS formula which corrects this inaccuracy. Both the (standard) GS formula and new generalized formula are compared to the experimental data and ab initio calculations on the shear moduli of gold, aluminum, cobalt and beryllium. While the standard formula fails, the generalized one is in good agreement with data in each of the four cases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM burakov@lanl.gov; dean@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1930 EP 1936 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.041 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600005 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Jones, RL Laundy, D Taylor, D Pawley, AR Henderson, CMB AF Clark, S. M. Jones, R. L. Laundy, D. Taylor, D. Pawley, A. R. Henderson, C. M. B. TI High-pressure monochromatic powder diffraction using a Bragg-Laue monochromator and a walker cell SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE X-ray diffraction; high pressure ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; LAWSONITE AB The multi-anvil high-pressure facility on beamline 16.4 of the Synchrotron Radiation Source at Daresbury Laboratory has been upgraded from energy-dispersive diffraction operation to easily interchangeable energy-dispersive and angle-dispersive operation by the addition of a Laue-Bragg monochromator and an imaging plate detector. Details of the Laue-Bragg monochromator and endstation configuration are given. The performance of the end station is illustrated with data collected as part of a high temperature-pressure study of lawsonite. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA13 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Clark, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smclark@lbl.gov RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1959 EP 1964 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.037 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600009 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. TI Nano-scale intrinsic inhomogeneity in the cuprates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE phonons ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PSEUDOGAP; SYSTEM; STATE AB The possibility that nano-scale electronic inhomogeneity is intrinsic in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates has been suspected from many experiments, and recent STM observations enhanced this view. However, the subject is still highly controversial, particularly with respect to its relevance to the mechanism of superconductivity. We present recent results of inelastic neutron scattering measurement that support the intrinsic nature of inhomogeneity and discuss its implications. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2013 EP 2016 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.032 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600015 ER PT J AU Greeff, CW Boettger, JC Graf, MJ Johnson, JD AF Greeff, C. W. Boettger, J. C. Graf, M. J. Johnson, J. D. TI Theoretical investigation of the Cu EOS standard SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE copper; equation of state; standard ID PERIODIC-SYSTEMS; DFT CALCULATIONS; PRESSURE SCALES; COPPER; ALUMINUM; EQUATION; STATE; GOLD AB We calculate the static lattice energy (cold curve), phonon spectrum, and electronic density of states of compressed Cu from electronic structure theory. In the regime 1 >= V/V-0 >= 0.6, our ab initio thermal free energy is combined with an empirical static lattice energy based on the measured volume, bulk modulus, and Hugoniot, to give a very accurate complete equation of state. Results are given as analytic expressions for the free energy and a table of P(V, T). The inferred room temperature isotherm supports the proposed modification of the ruby standard of Dewaele et al. [Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004) 094112]. At high compressions (V/V-0 less than or similar to 0.5), electronic structure theory provides a better estimate of the static lattice energy and room temperature isotherm than extrapolating from the Hugoniot. We give a theoretical room temperature isotherm in the terapascal regime. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greeff, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM greeff@lanl.gov RI Greeff, Carl/N-3267-2013; OI Greeff, Carl/0000-0003-0529-0441 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2033 EP 2040 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.055 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600018 ER PT J AU Landa, A Klepeis, J Soderlind, P Naumov, I Velikokhatnyi, O Vitos, L Ruban, A AF Landa, A. Klepeis, J. Soederlind, P. Naumov, I. Velikokhatnyi, O. Vitos, L. Ruban, A. TI Ab initio calculations of elastic constants of the bcc V-Nb system at high pressures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE metals; ab initio calculations; elastic properties; electronic structure; fermi surface ID REDUCED LATTICE SPACINGS; MUFFIN-TIN ORBITALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; BAND CALCULATIONS; SPECIAL POINTS; FERMI-SURFACE; ENERGY-BANDS; VANADIUM; NIOBIUM AB First-principles total energy calculation based on the exact muffin-tin orbital and full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital methods were used to calculate the equation of state and shear elastic constants of bcc V, Nb, and the V(95)Nb(05) disordered alloy as a function of pressure up to 6 Mbar. We found a mechanical instability in C(44) and a corresponding softening in C at pressures similar to 2 Mbar for V. Both shear elastic constants show softening at pressures similar to 0.5 Mbar for Nb. Substitution of 5 at% of V with Nb removes the instability of V with respect to trigonal distortions in the vicinity of 2 Mbar pressure, but still leaves the softening of C(44) in this pressure region. We argue that the pressure-induced shear instability (softening) of V (Nb) originates from the electronic system and can be explained by a combination of the Fermi surface nesting, electronic topological transition, and band Jahn-Teller effect. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM landa1@Ilnl.gov RI Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 BP 2056 EP 2064 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.027 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600022 ER PT J AU McDonald, RD Goddard, PA Lashley, J Harrison, N Mielke, CH Singleton, J Harima, H Suzuki, MT AF McDonald, Ross D. Goddard, Paul A. Lashley, Jason Harrison, Neil Mielke, Charles H. Singleton, John Harima, Hisatomo Suzuki, Michi-To TI High magnetic field studies of the shape memory alloy AuZn SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE alloys; fermi surface; magnetic properties; phase transitions AB This article reviews high magnetic field magnetization measurements of the shape memory alloy AuZn. These measurements elucidate the underlying electronic mechanism driving this effect. The application of high magnetic fields (up to 65 T), in combination with exceptional sample purity and light electronic effective masses enables the observation of magnetic quantum oscillations over an unprecedented range of temperatures (up to 100 K); thus the electronic band structure can be tracked across the shape memory phase transition (at T = 67 K) and the Fermi surface nesting event driving it identified. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP McDonald, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rmcd@lant.gov RI Suzuki, Michi-To/G-6298-2013; McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015; Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236; Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2100 EP 2105 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600029 ER PT J AU Mei, Q Benmore, CJ Sampath, S Weber, JKR Leinenweber, K Amin, S Johnston, P Yarger, JL AF Mei, Q. Benmore, C. J. Sampath, S. Weber, J. K. R. Leinenweber, K. Amin, S. Johnston, Paul Yarger, J. L. TI The structure of permanently densified CaAl2O4 glass SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE glasses; Raman spectroscopy ID CALCIUM ALUMINATE GLASSES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CERAMIC MATERIALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; SILICA; OXIDE AB High-energy X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on CaAl2O4 glass pressure cycled to 12 GPa. A comparison of the radial distribution functions of ambient pressure glass and material that has been pressure cycled shows little change in the local Al-O and Ca-O correlations or nearest-neighbour Al-Al interactions. It is found that the main structural changes occur through a breakup of the chemical ordering of the Ca polyhedra. By comparison with the known crystal structure, this is interpreted as a consequence of the distortion and shrinking of holes in the Al network under pressure, in which the Ca ions reside. The Al framework up to similar to 15 angstrom appears to largely recover upon decompression, leaving the local Ca-Ca and Ca-Al interactions significantly altered. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, XFD Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benmore@anl.gov RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014; OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2106 EP 2110 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.018 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600030 ER PT J AU Rollings, E Gweon, GH Zhou, SY Mun, BS McChesney, JL Hussain, BS Fedorov, A First, PN de Heer, WA Lanzara, A AF Rollings, E. Gweon, G. -H. Zhou, S. Y. Mun, B. S. McChesney, J. L. Hussain, B. S. Fedorov, An. First, P. N. de Heer, W. A. Lanzara, A. TI Synthesis and characterization of atomically thin graphite films on a silicon carbide substrate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn ID HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; 6H-SIC(0001); RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSISTORS; BORON AB This paper reports the synthesis and detailed characterization of graphite thin films produced by thermal decomposition of the (0001) face of a 6H-SiC wafer, demonstrating the successful growth of single crystalline films down to approximately one graphene layer. The growth and characterization were carried out in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The growth process and sample quality were monitored by low-energy electron diffraction, and the thickness of the sample was determined by core level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows constant energy map patterns, which are very sharp and fully momentum-resolved, but nonetheless not resolution limited. We discuss the implications of this observation in connection with scanning electron microscopy data, as well as with previous studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 26 TC 222 Z9 226 U1 18 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 BP 2172 EP 2177 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600040 ER PT J AU Ross, M Boehler, R Japel, S AF Ross, Marvin Boehler, Reinhard Japel, Stefanie TI Melting of bcc transition metals and icosahedral clustering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn ID SHOCK COMPRESSION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MOLYBDENUM; PRESSURES; MO AB In contrast to polyvalent metals, transition metals have low melting slopes (dT/dP) that are due to partially filled d-bands that allow for a lowering of liquid phase energy through s-d electron transfer and the formation of local structures. In the case of bcc transition metals, we show that the apparent discrepancy of diamond-anvil cells (DAC) melting measurements with shock melting of Mo can be understood by reexamining the shock data for V and Ta and introducing the presence of an icosahedral short range order (ISRO) melt phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 7th St Marvin Ross, Lubbock, TX USA. EM Ross7@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2178 EP 2182 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600041 ER PT J AU Singh, AK Jain, A Liermann, HP Saxena, SK AF Singh, A. K. Jain, A. Liermann, H. P. Saxena, S. K. TI Strength of iron under pressure up to 55 GPa from X-ray diffraction line-width analysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions (SMEC2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Consortium Mat Property Res Earth Sci, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Florida Int Univ, Coll Engn DE high pressure; X-ray diffraction; phase transitions; mechanical properties; metals ID EARTHS INNER-CORE; CRYSTAL ELASTIC-MODULI; LATTICE STRAINS; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; ANISOTROPY; TEMPERATURE; CONSTANTS; STRESS; FE; DEPENDENCE AB The X-ray diffraction patterns are recorded from polycrystalline iron sample compressed in a diamond anvil cell up to 55 GPa. The maximum micro-stress in the sample, a measure of compressive strength, is derived from the line-width analysis. The strength of iron in the body centered cubic (BCC)-phase is 1.1 +/- 0.2 GPa. This value is in good agreement with the strength derived from the hardness vs. grain-size data. The strength increases steeply during the BCC-hexagonal closed packed (HCP) transition. The strength-pressure data for HCP-iron fit the relation sigma = 2.9 +/- 0.028P, where sigma and P are the compressive strength and pressure in GPa, respectively. The present results agree well with those obtained from the line shift analysis carried out in earlier studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. EM aksingh@css.nal.res.in NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 2197 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.06.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 092IG UT WOS:000241089600045 ER PT J AU Dichtel, WR Baek, KY Frechet, JMJ Rietveld, IB Vinogradov, SA AF Dichtel, William R. Baek, Kyung-Youl Frechet, Jean M. J. Rietveld, Ivo B. Vinogradov, Sergei A. TI Amphiphilic diblock star polymer catalysts via atom transfer radical polymerization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States/Japan Forum on Advances in Polymet Chemistry and Their Impacts upon Society CY JUN 24-29, 2005 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kyoto Univ, John Wiley & Son DE ATRP; catalysis; microenvironments; site isolation; star polymers ID SINGLET OXYGEN; SITE ISOLATION; PORPHYRIN-DENDRIMERS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; CORE; METHACRYLATE; (4&2)-CYCLOADDITION; PHOTOOXYGENATION; PHOSPHORESCENCE AB Diblock star polymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization from a palladium porphyrin macroinitiator. The arms of the star polymers had an amphiphilic design, with the central Pd-porphyrin surrounded by a relatively hydrophobic block of poly(butyl acrylate) and terminated by a hydrophilic block of poly(oligoethyleneglycol monomethylether monomethacrylate). The size of both the interior and exterior blocks of the polymer arms were tuned over a wide range of molecular weights with the exterior block used to solubilize the stars in polar media. The star polymers showed enhanced reactivity in the oxidation of 2-furaldehyde relative to a small molecule porphyrin, suggesting that the polymer backbone aids with catalytic turnover. Oxygen diffusion studies indicate that the polymer backbone shields the porphyrin excited state from oxygen quenching. Shielding is independent of molecular weight and polymer composition, but it is not pronounced enough to retard the rate of singlet oxygen generation under preparative photooxidation conditions. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Dichtel, William/A-5503-2009; Rietveld, ivo/F-1782-2010; OI Dichtel, William/0000-0002-3635-6119; Rietveld, ivo/0000-0001-5987-3998; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 17 BP 4939 EP 4951 DI 10.1002/pola.21610 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 077QK UT WOS:000240044600002 ER PT J AU Zhao, YQ Jamieson, AM Olson, BG Yao, N Dong, SS Nazarenko, S Hu, XS Lal, J AF Zhao, Yiqiang Jamieson, Alex M. Olson, Brian G. Yao, Ning Dong, Shaosheng Nazarenko, Sergei Hu, Xuesong Lal, Jyotsana TI Conformation of comb-like liquid crystal polymers in isotropic solution probed by small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chain conformation; cross-sectional thickness; molecular weight polydispersity; side-chain liquid crystal polymers; small-angle neutron scattering; wormlike chain model ID COPOLYMER CYLINDRICAL BRUSHES; MOLECULAR BOTTLE-BRUSHES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; WORMLIKE CHAINS; NEMATIC SOLVENTS; MONTE-CARLO; SIDE-CHAINS; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; PERSISTENCE LENGTH AB The conformational characteristics of a comb-like side-chain liquid crystal polysiloxane (SCLCP), dissolved in deuterated chloroform, were evaluated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements over a wide q range. SANS studies were carried out on specimens with constant backbone length (DP = 198) and variable spacer length (n = 3, 5, and 11), and with constant spacer length (n = 5) and variable DP (45, 72, 127, and 198). The form factor P(q) at high q was analyzed using the wormlike chain model with finite cross-sectional thickness (R,) and taking into account the molecular weight polydispersity. The analysis generated values of persistence length in the range l(p) 28-32 angstrom, considerably larger than that of the unsubstituted polysiloxane chain (l(p) = 5.8 angstrom), with contour lengths per monomer comparable to the fully-extended polysiloxane backbone (l(m) = 2.9 angstrom). This indicates a relatively rigid SCLCP chain due to the influence of the densely attached mesogenic groups. The SCLCP with n = 11 is more flexible (l(p) = 28 angstrom) than those with n = 3 and n = 5 (l(p) = 32 angstrom). The cross-sectional thickness increases with spacer length, R-c similar to n(0.21 +/- 0.02) (3 <= n <= 11), and the contour length per monomer decreases with increasing spacer length, l(m) similar to n(-0.35 +/- 0.01). (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jamieson, AM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM amj@case.edu NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2412 EP 2424 DI 10.1002/polb.20888 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 077QG UT WOS:000240044200004 ER PT J AU Hammer, JH AF Hammer, James H. TI Mass streams for spacecraft propulsion and energy generation SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB A speculative propulsion concept is presented, based on accelerating a spacecraft by impact of a stream of matter in relative motion with respect to the spacecraft. To accelerate the stream to the needed velocity, the stream mass is contained in a transit craft, launched at low velocity and hence low energy cost, and then sent on a trajectory with near encounters of the planets for gravitational assist. The mass arrives at Earth or wherever the propellant is needed at much higher velocity and kinetic energy, where it is released into an extended stream suitable for propulsion. The stream, moving at a relative velocity in the range of 10 to 30 knits, should be capable of both high thrust and high specific impulse. Means of limiting the transverse expansion of the stream during release and for the similar to 1000 s duration of impact are a critical requirement for practicality of the concept. The scheme could potentially lead to a virtually unlimited energy source. One can imagine using a portion of one stream to launch another, larger payload on a similar trajectory. This creates, in effect, an energy amplifier extracting energy from the orbital motions of the planets. The gain of the energy amplifier is only limited by the capacity to prepare mass in transit craft. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hammer, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, L-018, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.2514/1.19916 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 086JX UT WOS:000240670700020 ER PT J AU Mahnke, RC Corzett, TH McCutchen-Maloney, SL Chromy, BA AF Mahnke, Ryan C. Corzett, Todd H. McCutchen-Maloney, Sandra L. Chromy, Brett A. TI An integrated proteomic workflow for two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and robotic spot picking SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 2-D DIGE; ProPic Workstation; Yersinia pestis; high-throughput; proteome; gel-based proteomics; saturation labeling; minimal labeling; CyDye; integration ID YERSINIA-PESTIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB New technologies have advanced the field of proteomics, and a number of companies have developed innovative platforms to drive this research. However, significant challenges are often encountered when trying to integrate complementary technologies from multiple manufacturers. We have developed a software and hardware solution to integrate the Ettan two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) system (GE Healthcare) with the Investigator ProPic spot picking robot ( Genomic Solutions). We have analyzed protein sample preparations from bacterial and mammalian sources to demonstrate a new workflow with increased throughput for gel-based proteomics. C1 LLNL, NTED, Def Biol Div, BIO, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chromy, BA (reprint author), 7000 E Ave,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chromy@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2093 EP 2097 DI 10.1021/pr050465u PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 079TL UT WOS:000240200700005 PM 16944920 ER PT J AU Olson, GL Miller, DS Larsen, EW Morel, JE AF Olson, GL Miller, DS Larsen, EW Morel, JE TI Chord length distributions in binary stochastic media in two and three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE stochastic media; radiation transport; chord length distributions; Beer-Lambert law; Markovian processes; Poisson processes ID CORRELATED RANDOM MEDIUM; EXTINCTION; RADIATION AB Simple models for transport through stochastic media usually assume that the chord lengths of materials are distributed exponentially. Theory predicts that, in a medium consisting of disks/spheres that can interpenetrate, chord lengths in the background material (between the disks/spheres) should exactly follow an exponential. In a medium with impenetrable (non-overlapping) disks/spheres, the distribution is only approximately exponential. This paper demonstrates, through direct numerical simulations, that for randomly distributed disks in 2D and spheres in 313, with distributions of radii, chord lengths in the background material (between the disks/spheres) are accurately described by exponentials over five orders of magnitude when the material is dilute. The chord lengths inside the disks and spheres are not exponentially distributed, but those distributions can be calculated. A scaling relationship between the mean chord lengths in the two materials is presented for an infinite medium. By knowing the mean properties of the disks/spheres in a medium, this relationship allows one to accurately describe the statistical properties of the background material. The stochastic simulations are validated by this infinite medium relationship. When the fraction of space occupied by the disks or spheres becomes large, the distributions are no longer accurately described by an exponential. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Olson, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 1406 Club Circle, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. EM olson99@tds.net NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 101 IS 2 BP 269 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.070 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 057LW UT WOS:000238598300009 ER PT J AU Efurd, DW Steiner, RE LaMont, SP Musgrave, JA Kottmann, DL AF Efurd, D. W. Steiner, R. E. LaMont, S. P. Musgrave, J. A. Kottmann, D. L. TI Processing of bone samples for the determination of ultra low-levels of uranium and plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AUTOPSY TISSUE; PU-239 AB We have developed cleanroom compatible techniques for processing bone samples for characterization of their uranium and plutonium content. The bone samples are dried and ashed in quartz crucibles placed inside cleanroom compatible thermal ashing furnaces. The bone ash is dissolved in ultra-pure acids prepared by sub-boiling distillation. The uranium and plutonium in the samples are isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and measured by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The technique is capable of detecting 74 picograms of U-238 and 8 femtograms of Pu-239 in 100 mg bone ash samples. If the ash contains larger amounts of uranium and plutonium, the technique can be used to isotopically fingerprint the material to identify potential origins. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Efurd, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwe@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 269 IS 3 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s10967-006-0285-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 084SH UT WOS:000240554200027 ER PT J AU Archibald, R Gelb, A Gottlieb, S Ryan, J AF Archibald, Rick Gelb, Anne Gottlieb, Sigal Ryan, Jennifer TI One-sided post-processing for the discontinuous Galerkin method using ENO type stencil choosing and the local edge detection method SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE accuracy enhancement; post-processing; discontinuous Galerkin method; ENO; local edge detection ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; CONSERVATION-LAWS; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS AB In a previous paper by Ryan and Shu [Ryan, J. K., and Shu, C.-W. (2003). \hboxMethods Appl. Anal. 10(2), 295-307], a one-sided post-processing technique for the discontinuous Galerkin method was introduced for reconstructing solutions near computational boundaries and discontinuities in the boundaries, as well as for changes in mesh size. This technique requires prior knowledge of the discontinuity location in order to determine whether to use centered, partially one-sided, or one-sided post-processing. We now present two alternative stencil choosing schemes to automate the choice of post-processing stencil. The first is an ENO type stencil choosing procedure, which is designed to choose centered post-processing in smooth regions and one-sided or partially one-sided post-processing near a discontinuity, and the second method is based on the edge detection method designed by Archibald, Gelb, and Yoon [Archibald, R., Gelb, A., and Yoon, J. (2005). SIAM J. Numeric. Anal. 43, 259-279; Archibald, R., Gelb, A., and Yoon, J. (2006). Appl. Numeric. Math. (submitted)]. We compare these stencil choosing techniques and analyze their respective strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the automated stencil choices are applied in conjunction with the appropriate post-processing procedures and it is determine that the resulting numerical solutions are of the correct order. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Archibald, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jkryan@vt.edu RI Archibald, Rick/I-6238-2016 OI Archibald, Rick/0000-0002-4538-9780 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 EI 1573-7691 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10915-006-9090-z PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 078MA UT WOS:000240106000004 ER PT J AU Sheldon, FT Chung, H AF Sheldon, Frederick T. Chung, Hong TI Measuring the complexity of class diagrams in reverse engineering SO JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE software quality; perfective/corrective maintenance; coupling/cohesion; object-oriented complexity metrics; class inheritance and diagrams ID OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE; METRICS; MAINTAINABILITY; DESIGN; INHERITANCE; SUITE AB Complexity metrics for object-oriented systems are plentiful. Numerous studies have been undertaken to establish valid and meaningful measures of maintainability as they relate to the static structural characteristics of software. In general, these studies have lacked the empirical validation of their meaning and/or have only succeeded in evaluating partial aspects of the system. In this study we have determined, through limited empirical means, a practical and holistic view by analyzing and comparing the structural characteristics of UML class diagrams as those characteristics relate to or impact maintainability. Class diagrams are composed of three kinds of relation, association, generalization, and aggregation, which make their overall structure difficult to understand. We propose combining these three relations in such a way that enables a comprehensive measure of complexity. Theoretically, this measure is applicable among different class diagrams (including different domains, platforms or systems) to the extent that the measure is widely comparative and context free. Further, this property does not preclude comparison within a specific class diagram (or family) and is therefore very useful in evaluating a given class diagram's strengths and weaknesses. We are reporting empirical results that provide a small measure of validity to enable an objective appraisal of both complexity and maintainability without equating the two. Therefore, to evaluate our structural complexity metric, we determined the level of understandability of the system by measuring the time needed to reverse engineer source code into class diagrams including the number of errors produced while creating the diagram. The number of errors produced offers one indicator of maintainability. The results, as compared with other complexity metrics, indicate that our metric shows promise especially if proven to be scalable. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Keimyung Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Taegu 704701, South Korea. RP Sheldon, FT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sheldonft@ornl.gov OI Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-060X EI 2047-7481 J9 J SOFTW MAINT EVOL-R JI J. Softw. Maint. Evol.-Res. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 333 EP 350 DI 10.1002/smr.336 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 101WD UT WOS:000241770800002 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Geohring, LD Jeon, JH Collick, AS Giri, SK Steenhuis, TS AF Kim, Y. J. Geohring, L. D. Jeon, J. H. Collick, A. S. Giri, S. K. Steenhuis, T. S. TI Evaluation of the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips for phosphorus removal with the use of a tracer SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; milk house wastewater; phosphorus; preferential flow; vegetative filter strip ID POLLUTION-CONTROL; SEDIMENT AB Vegetative filter strips are commonly used as a best management practice to control agricultural pollution. This study investigated the relationship between flow pattern and removal of dissolved phosphorus (P) within vegetative filter strips treating milk house wastewater on two dairy farms located in the Catskills/Delaware watersheds, which are the source of drinking water for New York. Numerous surface and subsurface wells were monitored in the two vegetative filter strips, and chloride tracer was applied to evaluate flow paths. Soluble reactive P concentrations were measured during regular milk house wastewater discharges prior to and during chloride application. Chloride breakthrough showed wastewater flowing preferentially through the vegetative filter strip. The soluble reactive P concentrations were significantly higher within the preferential flow paths compared to the other less saturated parts of the vegetative filter strip. Removal of soluble reactive P was minimal in a saturated flow path, which persisted for 15 m (50 ft) and only began to occur as the wastewater eventually dissipated into drier soil areas. Although soluble reactive P concentrations were eventually reduced to below 0.2 mg L-1 (0.2 ppm) at the bottom of both vegetative fitter strips, these results suggest the importance of proper design, site and location characteristics, and maintenance to assure uniform distribution and infiltration of wastewater within the vegetative fitter strip to maintain effectiveness and prolong the life of the vegetative fitter strip. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. Korea Environm Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 105AN UT WOS:000242001800012 ER PT J AU Morris, MD Moore, LM McKay, MD AF Morris, MD Moore, LM McKay, MD TI Sampling plans based on balanced incomplete block designs for evaluating the importance of computer model inputs SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE balanced incomplete block design; computer experiment; experimental design; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; OUTPUT AB The importance of individual inputs of a computer model is sometimes assessed using indices that reflect the amount of output variation that can be attributed to random variation in each input. We review two such indices, and consider input sampling plans that support estimation of one of them, the variance of conditional expectation or VCE (Mckay, 1995. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report NUREG/CR-6311, LA-12915-MS). Sampling plans suggested by Sobol', Saltelli, and McKay, are examined and compared to a new sampling plan based on balanced incomplete block designs. The new design offers better sampling efficiency for the WE than those of Sobol' and Saltelli, and supports unbiased estimation of the index associated with each input. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morris, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mmorris@iastate.edu NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3203 EP 3220 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2005.01.001 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 053LQ UT WOS:000238307000020 ER PT J AU Shi, WX Robinson, H Sullivan, M Abel, D Toomey, J Berman, LE Lynch, D Rosenbaum, G Rakowsky, G Rock, L Nolan, B Shea-McCarthy, G Schneider, D Johnson, E Sweet, RM Chance, MR AF Shi, Wuxian Robinson, Howard Sullivan, Michael Abel, Don Toomey, John Berman, Lonny E. Lynch, Don Rosenbaum, Gerd Rakowsky, George Rock, Larry Nolan, Bill Shea-McCarthy, Grace Schneider, Dieter Johnson, Erik Sweet, Robert M. Chance, Mark R. TI Beamline X29: a novel undulator source for X-ray crystallography SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE undulator; insertion device; beamline; optic; X-ray crystallography ID SYNCHROTRON-LIGHT-SOURCE; GAP UNDULATOR AB A high-flux insertion device and beamline for macromolecular crystallography has been built at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) that employs a mini-gap undulator source developed by the NSLS. The mini-gap undulator at beamline X29 is a hybrid-magnet device of period 12.5 mm operating at proven gaps of 3.3-10 mm. The beamline provides hard X-rays for macromolecular crystallography experiments from the second and third harmonics over an energy range of 5 - 15 keV. The X- ray optics is designed to deliver intense and highly collimated X- rays. Horizontal focusing is achieved by a cryogenically cooled sagittally focusing double-crystal monochromator with similar to 4.1:1 demagnification. A vertical focusing mirror downstream of the monochromator is used for harmonic rejection and vertical focusing. The experimental station hosts an Area Detector Systems Quantum 315 CCD detector with 2.2 s readout time between exposures and Crystal Logic goniostat for crystal rotation and detector positioning. An auto-mounter crystal changer has been installed to facilitate the high-throughput data collection required by the major users, which includes structural genomics projects and the Macromolecular Crystallography Research Resource mail-in program. X29 is 10(3) times brighter than any existing bendingmagnet beamline at NSLS with an actual flux of 2.5 x 10(11) photons s(-1) through a 0.12 mm square aperture at 11.271 keV. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Case Proteom Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Prot Crystallog Res Resource, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Georgia, Argonne Natl Lab, SE Reg CAT,APS, Dept Biochem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. LR DESIGN, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Chance, MR (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Case Proteom Ctr, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mark.chance@case.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [Y1-RR-9004-01, P41-RR-012408]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41-EB-01979]; NIGMS NIH HHS [N1-GM-9069-01, P50-GM-62529] NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1107/S0909049506027853 PN 5 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 072VT UT WOS:000239701800003 PM 16924132 ER PT J AU Alkire, RW Molitsky, M Rotella, FJ Duke, NEC De Lurgio, PM Lee, J Madden, T AF Alkire, R. W. Molitsky, Michael Rotella, F. J. Duke, N. E. C. De Lurgio, Patrick M. Lee, John Madden, Tim TI Development of a real-time timing-shutter performance monitor for protein crystallography SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray shutter; timing; protein crystallography AB In order to accurately monitor shutter timing events and long-term shutter performance, a timing-shutter monitor has been developed. This monitor uses a photodiode to capture X-ray-induced fluorescence from the shutter blade in synchrony with goniometer rotation to measure shutter opening and closing delay times, as well as the total time that X-rays are exposed to the sample during crystallographic data frames. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XSD Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alkire, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alkire@anl.gov OI Lee, Joseph H/0000-0002-2000-4821 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 BP 408 EP 410 DI 10.1107/S0909049506027610 PN 5 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 072VT UT WOS:000239701800009 PM 16924138 ER PT J AU Utke, J Lyons, A Naumann, U AF Utke, Jean Lyons, Andrew Naumann, Uwe TI Efficient reversal of the intraprocedural flow of control in adjoint computations SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation CY SEP 15-16, 2004-5004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, Loyola Coll Maryland, Raincode, VASTT Grp, Brunel Univ DE control flow reversal; adjoint computation; efficient loop reversal ID MODE AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION; JACOBIAN MATRICES AB Numerical simulations of physical, chemical, and economical processes play an increasingly important role in modern science and engineering. The implementation of mathematical models of real-world applications on a computer facilitates both the speed and the depth of our understanding of the behavior of the respective systems. Derivative models of the computer programs are required to make the transition from pure simulation to the highly desirable optimization of the numerical models with respect to a potentially very large number of input parameters. Such models can be generated automatically from the given numerical program by a source transformation technique known as automatic differentiation. Reversal of the control flow is especially important for the generation of adjoint derivative models. We describe an approach to the control flow reversal of structured programs motivated by the significant weakness of approaches that do not exploit the result of control-flow analysis. Our approach is used to automatically generate adjoint code for numerical programs by semantic source transformation. After a short introduction to applications and the implementation tool set, we motivate the proposed approach with a simple example. We present a novel preaccumulation algorithm for local Jacobian matrices at the level of basic blocks. The main part of the paper covers the reversal of structured control flow graphs. First we show the algorithmic steps for simple branches and loops. We give a detailed algorithm for the reversal of arbitrary combinations of loops and branches based only on the structural information in a general control flow graph. Dependencies between computations and their enclosing control flow constructs can lead to inefficient adjoint code. We formulate a set of conditions that allows for considerable efficiency gains in the adjoint code while permitting a reasonably simple modification of the reversal algorithms for specially designated control flow subgraphs. We present a sensitivity computation of an oceanographic application that illustrates the benefits of this modified approach. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60438 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Software & Tools Computat Engn, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RP Utke, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60438 USA. EM utke@mcs.anl.gov; lyonsam@mcs.anl.gov; naumann@stce.rwth-aachen.de NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 EI 1873-1228 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 79 IS 9 SI SI BP 1280 EP 1294 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2006.02.038 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 083TI UT WOS:000240480700006 ER PT J AU Anderson, RR Martello, DV Lucas, LJ Davidson, CI Modey, WK Eatough, DJ AF Anderson, Richard R. Martello, Donald V. Lucas, Leonard J. Davidson, Cliff I. Modey, William K. Eatough, Delbert J. TI Apportionment of ambient primary and secondary pollutants during a 2001 summer study in Pittsburgh using US Environmental Protection Agency UNMIX SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PC-BOSS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC AEROSOL; PM2.5; SYSTEM; CARBON AB Apportionment of primary and secondary pollutants during the summer 2001 Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) is reported. Several sites were included in PAQS, with the main site (the supersite) adjacent to the Carnegie Mellon University campus in Schenley Park. One of the additional sampling sites was located at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, located similar to 18 km southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass, gas-phase volatile organic material (VOM), particulate semivolatile and nonvolatile organic material (NVOM), and ammonium sulfate were apportioned at the two sites into their primary and secondary contributions using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency UNMIX 2.3 multivariate receptor modeling and analysis software. A portion of each of these species was identified as originating from gasoline and diesel primary mobile sources. Some of the organic material was formed from local secondary transformation processes, whereas the great majority of the secondary sulfate was associated with regional transformation contributions. The results indicated that the diurnal patterns of secondary gas-phase VOM and particulate semivolatile and NVOM were not correlated with secondary ammonium sulfate contributions but were associated with separate formation pathways. These findings are consistent with the bulk of the secondary ammonium sulfate in the Pittsburgh area being the result of contributions from distant transport and, thus, decoupled from local activity involving organic pollutants in the metropolitan area. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84662 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Anderson, RR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84662 USA. EM delbert_eatough@byu.edu RI Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012 OI Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1301 EP 1319 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 080MN UT WOS:000240252000008 PM 17004685 ER PT J AU Biernacki, JJ Parnham, CJ Watkins, TR Hubbard, CR Bai, J AF Biernacki, J. J. Parnham, C. J. Watkins, T. R. Hubbard, C. R. Bai, J. TI Phase-resolved strain measurements in hydrated ordinary Portland cement using synchrotron X-rays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASTE-AGGREGATE INTERFACE; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; HARDENED CEMENT; STRESSES AB X-ray diffraction methods developed for the determination of residual stress states in crystalline materials have been applied to study residual strains and strains because of mechanical loading of ordinary portland cement paste. Synchrotron X-rays were used to make in situ measurements of interplanar spacings in the calcium hydroxide (CH) phase of hydrated neat portland cement under uniaxial compression. The results indicate that strains on the order of 1/100 000 can be resolved providing an essentially new technique by which to measure the phase-resolved meso-scale mechanical behavior of cement under different loading conditions. Evaluation of these strain data in view of published elastic parameters for CH suggests that the CH carries a large fraction of the applied stress and that plastic interactions with the matrix are notable. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Mat Proc Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Biernacki, JJ (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jbiernacki@tntech.edu RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 2853 EP 2859 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01118.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 075DL UT WOS:000239863100027 ER PT J AU Lein, HL Wiik, K Einarsrud, MA Grande, T AF Lein, Hilde Lea Wiik, Kjell Einarsrud, Mari-Ann Grande, Tor TI High-temperature creep behavior of mixed conducting La0.5Sr0.5Fe1-xCoxO3-delta (0.5 <= x <= 1) materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; MASS-TRANSPORT; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANES; LA0.2SR0.8FE0.8CR0.2O3-DELTA; BATIO3 AB Steady-state compressive creep rate of La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.5Co0.5O3-delta (LSFC) and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-delta (LSC) is reported in the temperature region 900 degrees-1050 degrees C and stress range 5-28 MPa. The stress exponents for the two materials were 1.71 +/- 0.18 and 1.24 +/- 0.15, respectively. The activation energy for creep was considerably higher for LSC (619 +/- 56 kJ/mol) than for LSFC (392 +/- 28 kJ/mol). The grain size exponent for LSC was 1.28 +/- 0.14. Considerably higher creep rates were observed for both materials in N-2 compared with air. Relaxation by creep of chemical-induced stresses in oxygen-permeable membranes is addressed, especially at low partial pressure of oxygen. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Grande, T (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM Tor.Grande@material.ntnu.no RI Einarsrud, Mari-Ann/I-5085-2014; Grande, Tor/K-4125-2015 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 BP 2895 EP 2898 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01176.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 075DL UT WOS:000239863100033 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JA Spraggins, JM Johnston, MV Laskin, J AF Lloyd, Julie A. Spraggins, Jeffrey M. Johnston, Murray V. Laskin, Julia TI Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REVERSE MICELLES; SERUM-ALBUMIN; OZONE; PROTEINS; WATER; OZONATION; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION AB Angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF) and two analogs, (DRVYIAPA and DRVAIHPA), were used as model systems to study the ozonolysis of peptides containing tyrosine and histidine residues. The ESI mass spectrum of angiotensin II following exposure to ozone showed the formation of adducts containing one, three, and four oxygen atoms. CID and SID spectra of these adducts were consistent with formation of Tyr + O and His + 3O as expected from previous work with amino acids. However, several fragment ions observed in the CID and SID spectra suggested formation of a rather unexpected adduct, Tyr + 3O, and a small amount of the Phe + O adduct. These findings were confirmed by examining two angiotensin analogs. Exposure of DRVYIAPA to ozone resulted in the addition of either one or three oxygen atoms on Tyr, while DRVAIHPA showed only the addition of three oxygen atoms-all on His. Other noteworthy minor oxidation products were observed from these analogs including Tyr + 34 Da, His + 5 Da, His + 34 Da, and His + 82 Da. The reaction rates of the peptides with ozone were found to be similar: second-order rate coefficients are 274 +/- 3, 379 +/- 6, and 439 +/- 34 M(-1)s(-1) for DRVYIAPA, DRVAIHPA, and angiotensin II, respectively. The relative rates indicate (1) an isolated His residue has a slightly greater ozone reactivity than an isolated Tyr residue, and (2) the reaction rates of isolated residues are not additive when both residues are present in the same molecule. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fudamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA USA. RP Johnston, MV (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mvj@udel.edu RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1289 EP 1298 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.05.009 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 085BW UT WOS:000240579200013 PM 16820303 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, Y Tang, KQ Tolmachev, AV Shvartsburg, AA Smith, RD AF Ibrahim, Yehia Tang, Keqi Tolmachev, Aleksey V. Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. Smith, Richard D. TI Improving mass spectrometer sensitivity using a high-pressure electrodynamic ion funnel interface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; MULTICAPILLARY INLET; VENTURI DEVICE; TRANSMISSION; DESIGN; FLOW; LENS AB We report on a new electrodynamic ion funnel that operates at a pressure of 30 torr with no loss of ion transmission. The enhanced performance compared with previous ion funnel designs optimized for pressures of < 5 torr was achieved by reducing the ion funnel capacitance and increasing the RF drive frequency (1.7 MHz) and amplitude (100-170 V peak-to-peak). No degradation of ion transmission was observed for pressures from 2 to 30 torr. The ability to operate at higher pressure enabled a new tandem ion funnel mass spectrometer interface design that can accommodate a greater gas load (e.g., from an ESI source). When combined with a multicapillary inlet, the interface provided more efficient introduction of ions, resulting in a significant enhancement in mass spectrometer sensitivity and detection limits. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2006, 17, 1299-1305) (c) 2006 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MS K8-98,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522] NR 32 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.06.005 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 085BW UT WOS:000240579200014 PM 16839773 ER PT J AU Park, HS Gall, K Zimmerman, JA AF Park, Harold S. Gall, Ken Zimmerman, Jonathan A. TI Deformation of FCC nanowires by twinning and slip SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE nanowires; atomistic simulations; twinning; slip; stacking fault energy ID STEEL SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GOLD NANOWIRES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; TENSILE DEFORMATION; COPPER NANOWIRES; METAL NANOWIRES; HADFIELD STEEL; CU NANOWIRES AB We present atomistic simulations of the tensile and compressive loading of single crystal face-centered cubic (FCC) nanowires with (10 0) and (I 10) orientations to study the propensity of the nanowires to deform via twinning or slip. By studying the deformation characteristics of three FCC materials with disparate stacking fault energies (gold, copper and nickel), we find that the deformation mechanisms in the nanowires are a function of the intrinsic material properties, applied stress state, axial crystallographic orientation and exposed transverse surfaces. The key finding of this work is the first order effect that side surface orientation has on the operant mode of inelastic deformation in both (10 0) and (I 10) nanowires. Comparisons to expected deformation modes, as calculated using crystallographic Schmid factors for tension and compression, are provided to illustrate how transverse surface orientations can directly alter the deformation mechanisms in materials with nanometer scale dimensions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM harold.park@vanderbilt.edu RI Zimmerman, Jonathan/A-8019-2012; Park, Harold/B-1525-2008 OI Park, Harold/0000-0001-5365-7776 NR 53 TC 165 Z9 168 U1 10 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1862 EP 1881 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.03.006 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 065BJ UT WOS:000239134100004 ER PT J AU Mulholland, PJ Thomas, SA Valett, HM Webster, JR Beaulieu, J AF Mulholland, Patrick J. Thomas, Steven A. Valett, H. Maurice Webster, Jackson R. Beaulieu, Jake TI Effects of light on NO3- uptake in small forested streams: diurnal and day-to-day variations SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE nitrate uptake; light; diurnal patterns; tracer N-15; gross primary production; nutrient spiraling ID NUTRIENT ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; OXYGEN CHANGE TECHNIQUE; N-15 TRACER ADDITION; UPTAKE LENGTH; NITROGEN; METABOLISM; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; NITRATE; IMPROVEMENTS AB We investigated the effects of autotrophy on short-term variations in nutrient dynamics by measuring diurnal and day-to-day variations in light level, primary productivity and NO3- uptake during early and late spring in 2 forested streams, the East and West Forks of Walker Branch in eastern Tennessee, USA. We predicted that diurnal and day-to-day variations in NO3- uptake rate would be larger in the West Fork than in the East Fork in early spring because of higher rates of primary productivity resulting from a more stable substratum in the West Fork. We also predicted minimal diurnal variations in both streams in late spring after forest leaf emergence when light levels and primary productivity are uniformly low. Reach-scale rates of gross primary production (GPP) were determined using the diurnal dissolved O-2 change technique, and reach-scale rates of NO3- uptake were determined by tracer N-15-NO3- additions. In the West Fork, significant diurnal and day-to-day variations in NO3- uptake were related to variations in light level and primary productivity in early spring but not in late spring, consistent with our predictions. In early spring, West Fork NO3- uptake rates were 2 to 3X higher at midday than during predawn hours and 50% higher on 2 clear days than on an overcast day several days earlier. In the East Fork, early spring rates of GPP were 4 to 5X lower than in the West Fork and diurnal and day-to-day variations in NO3- uptake rates were < 30%, considerably lower than in the West Fork. However, diurnal variations in NO3- uptake rates were greater in late spring in the East Fork, possibly because of diurnal variation in water temperature. Our results indicate the important role of autotrophs in nutrient uptake in some forested streams, particularly during seasons when forest vegetation is dormant and light levels are relatively high. Our results also have important implications for longer-term assessments of N cycling in streams that rely on daytime measurements or measurements only under limited weather conditions (i.e., clear days). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; sthomas5@unl.edu; mvalett@vt.edu; jwebster@vt.edu; jbeaulie@nd.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 35 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 29 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[583:EOLONU]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 073UV UT WOS:000239769000005 ER PT J AU Dacles-Mariani, J Rodrigue, G AF Dacles-Mariani, Jennifer Rodrigue, Garry TI Study of optically induced effects due to bending and twisting using the vector finite-element method SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAXWELL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; LOSSES; FIBERS AB We study the effects of macroscopic bends and twists in an optical waveguide and how they influence the transmission capabilities of a waveguide. These mechanical stresses and strains distort the optical indicatrix of the medium, producing optical anistropy. The spatially varying refractive indices are incorporated into the full-wave Maxwell's equations. The governing equations are discretized by using a vector finite-element method cast in a high-order finite element approximation. This approach allows us to study the complexities of the mechanical deformation within a framework of a high-order formulation that can, in turn, reduce the computational requirement without degrading its performance. The optical activities generated, total energy produced, and power loss due to the mechanical stresses and strains are reported and discussed. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dacles-Mariani, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM daclesmariani1@llnl.gov; ghrodrigue@ucdavis.edu NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1743 EP 1751 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.001743 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 086XF UT WOS:000240705700003 ER PT J AU Dykhuizen, RC Neiser, RA AF Dykhuizen, R. C. Neiser, R. A. TI Process-based quality for thermal spray via feedback control SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagnostics and control; flame spray synthesis; manufacturing; stability of processing; wire flame spray ID PLASMA SPRAY; PROCESS MAPS AB Quality control of a thermal spray system manufacturing process is difficult due to the many input variables that need to be controlled. Great care must be taken to ensure that the process remains constant to obtain a consistent quality of the parts. Control is greatly complicated by the fact that measurement of particle velocities and temperatures is a noisy stochastic process. This article illustrates the application of quality control concepts to a wire flame spray process. A central feature of the real-time control system is an automatic feedback control scheme that provides fine adjustments to ensure that uncontrolled variations are accommodated. It is shown how the control vectors can be constructed from simple process maps to independently control particle velocity and temperature. This control scheme is shown to perform well in a real production environment. We also demonstrate that slight variations in the feed wire curvature can greatly influence the process. Finally, the geometry of the spray system and sensor must remain constant for the best reproducibility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dykhuizen, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcdykhu@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1361/105996306X124310 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 084GK UT WOS:000240520400005 ER PT J AU Varacalle, DJ Guillen, DP Deason, DM Rhodaberger, W Sampson, E AF Varacalle, Dominic J., Jr. Guillen, Donna Post Deason, Douglas M. Rhodaberger, William Sampson, Elliott TI Effect of grit-blasting on substrate roughness and coating adhesion SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bond strength; grit blasting; statistical design of experiments; substrate preparation; surface roughness; twin-wire electric arc AB Statistically designed experiments were performed to compare the surface roughness produced by grit blasting A36/1020 steel using different abrasives. Grit blast media, blast pressure, and working distance were varied using a Box-type statistical design of experiment (SDE) approach. The surface textures produced by four metal grits (HG16, HG18, HG25, and HG40) and three conventional grits (copper slag, coal slag, and chilled iron) were compared. Substrate roughness was measured using surface profilometry and correlated with operating parameters. The HG16 grit produced the highest surface roughness of all the grits tested. Aluminum and zinc-aluminum coatings were deposited on the grit-blasted substrates using the twin-wire electric arc (TWEA) process. Bond strength of the coatings was measured with a portable adhesion tester in accordance with ASTM standard D 4541. The coatings on substrates roughened with steel grit exhibit superior bond strength to those prepared with conventional grit. For aluminum coatings sprayed onto surfaces prepared with the HG16 grit, the bond strength was most influenced by current, spray distance, and spray gun pressure (in that order). The highest bond strength for the zinc-aluminum coatings was attained on surfaces prepared using the metal grits. C1 Vartech Inc, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. Ervin Ind, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Praxair Tafa, Bow, NH USA. RP Varacalle, DJ (reprint author), Vartech Inc, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Donna.Guillen@inl.gov RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1361/105996306X124347 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 084GK UT WOS:000240520400007 ER PT J AU Khanna, A Bhat, DG Payzant, EA AF Khanna, Atul Bhat, Deepak G. Payzant, E. A. TI Growth and characterization of chromium oxide thin films prepared by reactive ac magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; CR2O3; ALPHA-AL2O3; COATINGS; HYDROGEN; LAYERS; AL2O3; TEMPERATURE; KAPPA-AL2O3 AB CrOx thin films were prepared on single crystal silicon (111 orientation) and glass substrates by midfrequency (41 kHz) ac sputtering technique in an Isoflux ICM-10 sputter deposition system consisting of two hollow cylindrical targets of Cr in an argon-oxygen plasma at a discharge power of 5 kW and without any deliberate substrate heating. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the coatings were of hcp rhombohedral alpha-phase chromium oxide. CrOx coating samples were found to grow preferentially towards the (110) crystal orientation of alpha-Cr203. Texturing was found to depend on the orientation of the substrates relative to the targets and also on the nature of substrates. One coating sample grown on Si substrate was annealed in air up to 1173 K. Whereas heat treatment increased the crystallite size, CrO2 coating was thermally stable and did not show any structural transformations. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed differences in the surface morphology of the coatings grown on glass and silicon substrates. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements performed on one CrOx coating deposited on silicon showed that the O/Cr ratio in the films was 1.38. Ar and H impurity concentrations were also measured in this coating as a function of film thickness. Alumina coatings were prepared on Si substrates by reactive sputtering technique using CrOx coating as template layers. X-ray diffraction studies showed that CrOx template layers improved the crystallinity of alumina coatings grown on top of it and also facilitated the formation of the thermodynamically stable alpha-alumina phase. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khanna, A (reprint author), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. EM akphysics@yahoo.com; dgbhat@uark.edu; payzanta@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1870 EP 1877 DI 10.1116/1.2244536 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 089LF UT WOS:000240881400029 ER PT J AU Rousseau, CM Birditt, BA Mckay, AR Stoddard, JN Lee, TC McLaughlin, S Moore, SW Shindo, N Learn, GH Korber, BT Brander, C Goulder, PJR Kiepiela, P Walker, BD Mullins, JI AF Rousseau, Christine M. Birditt, Brian A. McKay, Angela R. Stoddard, Julia N. Lee, Tsan Chun McLaughlin, Sherry Moore, Sarah W. Shindo, Nice Learn, Gerald H. Korber, Bette T. Brander, Christian Goulder, Philip J. R. Kiepiela, Photini Walker, Bruce D. Mullins, James I. TI Large-scale amplification, cloning and sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 subtype C genomes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; subtype C; large-scale; molecular epidemiology; South Africa ID INFECTIOUS MOLECULAR CLONE; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; VIRUS; RECOMBINATION; CONSTRUCTION; AFRICA; PCR; ISOLATE; PLASMA; RNA AB Full-length HIV-1 genome sequencing provides important data needed to address several vaccine design, molecular epidemiologic and pathogenesis questions. A protocol is presented for obtaining near full-length genomes (NFLGs) from subjects infected with HIV-1 subtype C. This protocol was used to amplify NFLGs from 244 of 366 (67%) samples collected at two clinics in Durban, South Africa (SK and PS). Viral load was directly associated with frequency of successful NFLG amplification for both cohorts (PS; p = 0.005 and SK; p < 0.001). Seventeen of 38 initially NFLG-negative SK samples had variation within the PCR primer binding sites, however only 3 of these were successfully re-amplified using re-designed primers homologous to the target viruses. NFLGs were obtained from 7 of 24 PBMC samples processed from subjects whose plasma did not yield a NFLG. Stable plasmid clones were obtained from all 244 NFLG-positive PCR products, and both strands of each genome were sequenced, using a primary set of 46 primers. These methods thus allow the large-scale collection of HIV-1 NFLGs from populations infected primarily with subtype C. The methods are readily adaptable to other HIV-1 subtypes, and provide materials for viral functional analyses and population-based molecular epidemiology studies that include analysis of viral genome chimerization. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Pediat, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, ZA-4015 Durban, South Africa. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Rousseau, CM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cmr@u.washington.edu OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27757]; PHS HHS [N01-A1-15422] NR 35 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.04.009 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 073IC UT WOS:000239735200016 PM 16701907 ER PT J AU Chiravalle, VP AF Chiravalle, Vincent P. TI The k-L turbulence model for describing buoyancy-driven fluid instabilities SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE 1D Lagrangian hydrodynamics; inertial confinement fusion; numerical methods; Rayleigh Taylor instabilities; turbulence modeling ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; GROWTH; DESIGN; SIMULATIONS; TARGETS AB The k-L turbulence model, where k is the turbulent kinetic energy and L represents the turbulent eddy scale length, is a two-equation turbulence model that has been proposed to simulate turbulence induced by Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer Meshkov (RM) instabilities, which play an important role in the implosions of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule targets. There are three free parameters in the k-L model, and in this paper, I calibrate them independently by comparing with RT and RM data from the linear electric motor (LEM) experiments together with classical Kelvin-Helmoholtz (KH) data. To perform this calibration, I numerically solved the equations of one-dimensional (ID) Lagrangian hydrodynamics, in a manner similar to that of contemporary ICF codes, together with the k-L turbulence model. With the three free parameters determined, I show that the k-L model is successful in describing both shear-driven and buoyancy-driven instabilities, capturing the experimentally observed separation between bubbles and spikes at high Atwood number for the RT case, as well as the temporal mix width recorded in RM shock tube experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chiravalle, VP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop T086,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chiravle@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 381 EP 394 DI 10.1017/S026303460606054X PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 082AB UT WOS:000240357600007 ER PT J AU Chouffani, K Harmon, F Wells, D Jones, J Lancaster, G AF Chouffani, K. Harmon, F. Wells, D. Jones, J. Lancaster, G. TI Laser-compton scattering as a tool for electron beam diagnostics SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE compton scattering; electron beam; laser; X-ray source ID X-RAY SOURCE; THOMSON SCATTERING; GENERATION AB Laser-Compton scattering (LCS) experiments were carried out at the Idaho Accelerator Center (ICA) using the 5 ns (FWHM) and 22 MeV electron beam. The electron beam was brought to an approximate head-on collision with a 7 ns (FWHM), 10 Hz, 29 MW peak power Nd:YAG laser. We observed clear and narrow X-ray peaks resulting from the interaction of relativistic electrons with the 532 nm Nd:YAG laser second harmonic line on top of a very low bremsstrahlung background. We have developed a method of using LCS as a non-intercepting electron beam monitor. Unlike the method used by Leemans et al. (1996), our method focused on the variation of the shape of the LCS spectrum rather than the LCS intensity as a function of the observation angle in order to extract the electron beam parameters at the interaction region. The electron beam parameters were determined by making simultaneous fits to spectra taken across the LCS X-ray cone. We also used the variation of LCS X-ray peak energy and spectral width as a function of the detector angles to determine the electron beam angular spread, and direction and compared the results to the previous method. Experimental data show that in addition to being viewed as potential bright, tunable and monochromatic X-ray source, LCS can provide important information on electron beam pulse length, direction, energy, angular, and energy spread. Since the quality of LCS X-ray peaks, such as degree of monochromaticity, peak energy and flux, depends strongly on the electron beam parameters, LCS can therefore be viewed as an important non-destructive means for electron beam diagnostics. C1 Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Chouffani, K (reprint author), Idaho Accelerator Ctr, 1500 Alvin Riken Dr, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. EM khalid@physics.isu.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1017/S0263034606060575 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 082AB UT WOS:000240357600010 ER PT J AU Sugama, T AF Sugama, Toshifumi TI Polyphenylenesulfied/montomorillonite clay nanocomposite coatings: Their efficacy in protecting steel against corrosion SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coatings; corrosion and oxidation; nanocomposites; polymers; geothermal ID LAYER SILICATES; CRYSTALLIZATION; COMPOSITES; SULFIDE AB Nanoscale montomorillonite (MMT) clay fillers became dispersed in a polyphenylenesulfied (PPS) matrix through the processes of octadecylamine (ODA) intercalation-molten PPS co-intercalation -> exfoliation. Cooling this molten exfoliated material led to the formation of a PPS/MMT nanocomposite. The MMT nanofiller conferred three advanced properties on the semi-crystalline PPS: First, it raised its melting point by nearly 40 to 290 C; second, it increased its crystallization energy, implying that an excellent adherence of the nanofillers' surfaces to PPS in terms of a good interfacial bond; and, third, it abated the degree of its hydrothermal oxidation due to sulfide -> sulfite linkage transformations. When this advanced PPS nanocomposite was used as a corrosion-preventing coating for carbon steel in a simulated geothermal environment at 300 C, a coating of similar to 150 mu m thickness adequately protected the steel against hot brine-caused corrosion. In contrast, an MMT free PPS coating of similar thickness was not nearly as effective in mitigating corrosion as was the nanocompsite; in fact, the uptake of corrosive ionic electrolyte by the unmodified coating increased with an extending exposure time. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sugama@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 60 IS 21-22 BP 2700 EP 2706 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.01.111 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 066TP UT WOS:000239253300036 ER PT J AU Rebak, RB AF Rebak, Raul B. TI Corrosion engineers and nuclear waste disposition SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NACE Int, Bay Area Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 082GL UT WOS:000240374600001 ER PT J AU Ignatiev, KI Davis, GR Elliott, JC Stock, SR AF Ignatiev, K. I. Davis, G. R. Elliott, J. C. Stock, S. R. TI MicroCT (microtomography) quantification of microstructure related to macroscopic behaviour - Part 1 - Fatigue crack closure measured in situ in AA 2090 compact tension samples SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of X-Ray Tomography CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Churchill Coll DE X-rays; fatigue; cracks; aluminium; MicroCT; crack closure ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; AL-LI 2090; TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; APPLIED LOAD; T8E41; MICROTEXTURE; ASPERITIES; DAMAGE; ALLOY AB Microcomputed tomography (microCT) quantified crack opening in situ in a small compact tension specimen ( AA 2090 T8E41) as a function of 3D position and of applied load. The same specimen was observed twice at two crack lengths. Some crack face areas were dominated by large asperities, while others were relatively flat. Large openings followed the sides of large asperities, with small openings elsewhere. The crack path and pattern of openings are discussed in terms of the variation in mesotexture. Before and after the crack extension, the pattern of open ( and closed) voxels did not appear to change, suggesting that contact at a point near the crack tip will continue at the same portion of the fatigue cycle after the tip has receded. Testing parameters and macroscopic closure measurements link the present microCT measurements to studies in the literature. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Northwestern Univ, Inst BioNanotechnol Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM s-stock@northwestern.edu NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1025 EP 1037 DI 10.1179/174328406X114144 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 096CD UT WOS:000241353700004 ER PT J AU Breunig, TM Kinney, JH Stock, SR AF Breunig, T. M. Kinney, J. H. Stock, S. R. TI MicroCT (microtomography) quantification of microstructure related to macroscopic behaviour - Part 2 - Damage in SiC-Al monofilament composites tested in monotonic tension and fatigue SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Applications of X-Ray Tomography CY APR 07-08, 2005 CL Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Churchill Coll DE X-rays; MicroCT; composites; damage; silicon carbide fibre; aluminum ID RAY TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; LI 2090 T8E41; CRACK CLOSURE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; APPLIED LOAD; IN-SITU; FIBER; SAMPLES; XTM AB The present paper reports results of monotonic tensile and of fatigue testing of an aligned monofilament composite SiC - Al. Macroscopic measures of damage ( changes in unloading compliance and in unrecovered strain) correlate with noninvasive X-ray microCT (microtomography) quantification of microstructure ( alteration of fibre separation, fibre misorientation relative to the load axis and amount of fibre fracture). Monotonic loading beyond yield ( 188 MPa) alters fibre arrangement and reduces fibre misorientation. Fracture of fibre carbon cores begins at 828 MPa and increases rapidly with rising stress concomitant with marked unloading modulus decreases and permanent strain increases. Fatigue at 621 MPa produces gradually increasing modulus and unrecovered strain with no evidence of fibre damage. At low cycles, the modulus, permanent strain and fraction of fractured C cores increase while fibre misorientation decreases; above 16 cycles, modulus decreases with gradual increases in the other quantities. Fracture in SiC could only be observed after the specimen broke. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Coating Pl Inc, Verona, WI 53593 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-stock@northwestern.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1059 EP 1067 DI 10.1179/174328406X114153 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 096CD UT WOS:000241353700008 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Kruzic, JJ Kinney, JH Balooch, M Ager, JW Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, R. K. Kruzic, J. J. Kinney, J. H. Balooch, M. Ager, J. W., III Ritchie, R. O. TI Role of microstructure in the aging-related deterioration of the toughness of human cortical bone SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Biological Materials Science held at the 2005 TMA Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE cortical bone; aging; fracture toughness; R-curve; tomography; bridging ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; MINERAL-CONTENT; FEMORAL-NECK; POROSITY; COLLAGEN AB The aging-related deterioration of the fracture properties of bone, coupled with higher life expectancy, is responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly; consequently, an understanding of how these fracture properties degrade with age is essential. In this study, ex vivo fracture experiments have been performed to quantitatively assess the effect of age on human cortical bone in the proximaldistal orientation, i.e., longitudinally along the osteons. Because cortical bone exhibits rising crack-growth resistance with crack extension, the toughness is evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, measured for bone taken from wide range of age groups (34-99 years). Using this approach, both the crack-initiation and crack-growth toughness are determined and are found to deteriorate with age; the initiation toughness decreases some 40% over six decades from 40 to 100 years, while the growth toughness is effectively eliminated over the same age range. The reduction in crack-growth toughness is considered to be associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular, involving crack bridging in the wake of the crack. An examination of the micro-/nano-structural changes accompanying the process of aging, using optical microscopy, X-ray tomography, nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy, is shown to support such observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 45 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1251 EP 1260 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.021 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077NS UT WOS:000240037100004 ER PT J AU Russias, J Saiz, E Nalla, RK Gryn, K Ritchie, RO Tomsia, AP AF Russias, J. Saiz, E. Nalla, R. K. Gryn, K. Ritchie, R. O. Tomsia, A. P. TI Fabrication and mechanical properties of PLA/HA composites: A study of in vitro degradation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Biological Materials Science held at the 2005 TMA Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE implants; poly-L-lactic acid; hydroxyapatite; composites; mechanical properties; degradation; whiskers ID BONE; ACID AB The adverse effects of stress shielding from the use of high-modulus metallic alloy bio-implant materials has led to increased research into developing polymer-ceramic composite materials that match the elastic modulus of human bone. Of particular interest are poly-L-lactic acid-hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA)-based composites which are fully resorbable in vivo. However, their bioresorbability has a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of the implant. The purpose of this study is to investigate, from a micromechanistic perspective, the in vitro degradation behavior of such composites manufactured using a simple hot-pressing route for two different hydroxyapatite particles: a fine-grained (average particle size similar to 5 mu m) commercial powder or coarser whiskers (similar to 25-30 mu m long, similar to 5 mu m in diameter). We observed that composites with ceramic contents ranging between 70 and 85 wt.% have mechanical properties that match reasonably those of human cortical bone. However, the properties deteriorate with immersion in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution due to the degradation of the polymer phase. The degradation is more pronounced in samples with larger ceramic content due to the dissolution of the smaller amount of polymer between the ceramic particles. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM APTomsia@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE015633, R01 DE015633-03] NR 21 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.004 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077NS UT WOS:000240037100008 PM 26301264 ER PT J AU Brown, EN Rae, PJ Orler, EB Gray, GT Dattelbaum, DM AF Brown, Eric N. Rae, Philip J. Orler, E. Bruce Gray, George T., III Dattelbaum, Dana M. TI The effect of crystallinity on the fracture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Biological Materials Science held at the 2005 TMA Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fracture; crystallinity; phase transformation ID MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; IMPACT STRENGTH; LOSS PEAKS; RECONSTRUCTION; TOUGHNESS; BIOMATERIALS; POLYETHYLENE; DEFORMATION; INITIATION AB The extremely low coefficient of friction and biocompatibility provided by the inert nature of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have lead to its application in a wide range of biological implants ranging from single component PTFE structures to sliding contact pads in complex joints. In vivo fracture has been identified as a major cause of failure in these implants. It has recently been shown that the fracture behavior of PTFE undergoes transitions from brittle-fracture below 19 degrees C to ductile-fracture with fibril formation and large-scale plasticity over 30 degrees C associated with crystalline phase transformations. In this paper the formation of fibrils and an associated increase in J(IC) fracture toughness are revealed to be restricted by an increase in crystalline content in PTFE. [LAUR 05-2223] (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,MS E544, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1338 EP 1343 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.009 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077NS UT WOS:000240037100016 ER PT J AU Zhang, GN Howe, JY Coffey, DW Blom, DA Allard, LF Cho, JY AF Zhang, Guangneng Howe, Jane Y. Coffey, Dorothy W. Blom, Douglas A. Allard, Lawrence F. Cho, Junghyun TI A biomimetic approach to the deposition of ZrO2 films on self-assembled nanoscale templates SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Biological Materials Science held at the 2005 TMA Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE self-assembled monolayer; zirconium oxide; TEM; biomineralization; biomimetic; nanoindentation ID TIO2 THIN-FILMS; SITE-SELECTIVE DEPOSITION; MONOLAYER-MEDIATED DEPOSITION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BILAYER COATINGS; OXIDE; MECHANISM; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION AB Zirconium oxide thin films were deposited on a phosphonate-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a single crystal silicon substrate by a hydrolysis of zirconium sulfate solution in acid environment at 80 degrees C. The ZrO2 films consist of tetragonal ZrO2 crystallites with a size of 5 - 10 nm. Surface nucleation and attraction between the SAM surface and bulk precipitates in solution can explain the film formation. In both mechanisms, the surface functionality of the SAM plays a crucial role. This deposition approach was inspired by biomineralization through controlled deposition of inorganic solids on an ordered organic matrix. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the ZrO2 thin films were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) and nanoindentation. Microstructures were tailored at different stages of the film growth, as well as with processing parameters and substrate surface conditions. The nanoindentation modulus and hardness of the as-deposited ZrO2 films were much lower than those of the bulk ZrO2. The addition of extra pressure during this process, however, restores mechanical properties of ZrO2 films. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cho, JY (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM jcho@binghamton.edu RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1344 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.010 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077NS UT WOS:000240037100017 ER PT J AU Muyco, JJ Gray, JJ Ratto, TV Orme, CA McKittrick, J Frangos, J AF Muyco, Julie J. Gray, Jeremy J. Ratto, Timothy V. Orme, Christine A. McKittrick, Joanna Frangos, John TI In situ characterization of Ti-peroxy gel during formation on titanium surfaces in hydrogen peroxide containing solutions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on Biological Materials Science held at the 2005 TMA Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE titanium; hydrogen peroxide; Ti-peroxy gel; AFM; Raman spectroscopy ID HYDROXYAPATITE FORMATION; TREATED TITANIUM; IMPLANTS; LAYERS AB Three possible functions of Ti-peroxy gel are: reduction of the inflammatory response through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species; creation of a favorable surface for calcium phosphate nucleation; and as a transitional layer between the compliant surrounding tissue and the stiff titanium. Traditional surface characterization techniques operate in high vacuum environments that alter the actual sample-solution interface. Our studies used techniques that allowed samples to remain in solution and be observed over time. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-distance curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Raman spectroscopy were each used in situ to define kinetic and mechanical properties of Ti-peroxy gel as it formed over time on titanium during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Our studies enabled us to monitor real-time changes in the native oxide layer on titanium in hydrogen peroxide containing solution, including the formation of a Ti-peroxy gel layer above the native oxide. Peaks attributed to Ti-peroxy gel were seen to emerge over the course of several hours using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Force-distance curves suggest a layer that thickens with time on the titanium sample surface. EIS data showed that changes in the surface layers could be monitored in solution over time. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Grad Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. La Jolla Bioengn Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Muyco, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-350, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jmuyco@ucsd.edu RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1408 EP 1411 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.029 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 077NS UT WOS:000240037100026 ER PT J AU Baker, SE AF Baker, Scott E. TI Aspergillus niger genomics: Past, present and into the future SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Advances against Aspergillosis Conference CY FEB 22-25, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE Aspergillus niger; genome; wildtype; mutant ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; LINKAGE GROUPS; GENERATION; ASSIGNMENT; FUMIGATUS; KARYOTYPE; STRAINS; ORYZAE AB Aspergillus niger is a filamentous ascomycete fungus that is ubiquitous in the environment and has been implicated in opportunistic infections of humans. In addition to its role as an opportunistic human pathogen, A. niger is economically important as a fermentation organism used for the production of citric acid. Industrial citric acid production by A. niger represents one of the most efficient, highest yield bioprocesses in use currently by industry. The genome size of A. niger is estimated to be between 35.5 and 38.5 megabases (Mb) divided among eight chromosomes/linkage groups that vary in size from 3.5-6.6 Mb. Currently, there are three independent A. niger genome projects, an indication of the economic importance of this organism. The rich amount of data resulting from these multiple A. niger genome sequences will be used for basic and applied research programs applicable to fermentation process development, morphology and pathogenicity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baker, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN K2-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.baker@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP S17 EP S21 DI 10.1080/13693780600921037 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 113MG UT WOS:000242601400006 PM 17050415 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Robino, CV Minicozzi, MJ DuPont, JN AF Susan, D. F. Robino, C. V. Minicozzi, M. J. DuPont, J. N. TI A solidification diagram for Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloys estimated by quantitative microstructural characterization and thermal analysis SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-FUEL APPLICATIONS AB A gamma-Gd solidification diagram is proposed as an aid to understanding solidification behavior of Ni-CrMo-Gd alloys. In this system, the Ni-Cr-Mo solid solution gamma primary austenite phase is treated as the "solvent" and Gd is treated as the solute. The proposed diagram, which has features characteristic of a binary "eutectic" system, was constructed by combining differential thermal analysis and quantitative microstructural analysis data. As a result of the partially divorced solidification microstructure in the ingots studied, determination of the fraction eutectic, and hence the eutectic composition, requires the use of advanced image analysis techniques. The diagram displays a number of features that are very similar to the Ni-Gd binary system and can be used to assess the influence of the Gd concentration on solidification behavior. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. PECO Exelon Corp, Limerick Nucl Plant, Pottstown, PA USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dfsusan@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37A IS 9 BP 2817 EP 2825 DI 10.1007/BF02586114 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082AD UT WOS:000240357800019 ER PT J AU Chao, C Wu, ZQ Mazur, SJ Borges, H Rossi, M Lin, TX Wang, JYJ Anderson, CW Appella, E Xu, Y AF Chao, Connie Wu, Zhiqun Mazur, Sharlyn J. Borges, Helena Rossi, Matteo Lin, Tongxiang Wang, Jean Y. J. Anderson, Carl W. Appella, Ettore Xu, Yang TI Acetylation of mouse p53 at lysine 317 negatively regulates p53 apoptotic activities after DNA damage SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; BINDING SITES; TARGET GENES; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; DEATH AB Posttranslational modifications of p53, including phosphorylation and acetylation, play important roles in regulating p53 stability and activity. Mouse p53 is acetylated at lysine 317 by PCAF and at multiple lysine residues at the extreme carboxyl terminus by CBP/p300 in response to genotoxic and some nongenotoxic stresses. To determine the physiological roles of p53 acetylation at lysine 317, we introduced a Lys317-to-Arg (K317R) missense mutation into the endogenous p53 gene of mice. p53 protein accumulates to normal levels in p53(K317R) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and thymocytes after DNA damage. While p53-dependent gene expression is largely normal in p53(K317R) MEFs after various types of DNA damage, increased p53-dependent apoptosis was observed in p53(K317R) thymocytes, epithelial cells from the small intestine, and cells from the retina after ionizing radiation (IR) as well as in E1A/Ras-expressing MEFs after doxorubicin treatment. Consistent with these findings, p53-dependent expression of several proapoptotic genes was significantly increased in p53(K317R) thymocytes after IR. These findings demonstrate that acetylation at lysine 317 negatively regulates p53 apoptotic activities after DNA damage. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Mol Biol Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Mol Biol Sect, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM yangxu@ucsd.edu RI Borges, Helena/E-5044-2013; Lin, Tongxiang/I-4695-2013 OI Borges, Helena/0000-0003-2866-4223; Lin, Tongxiang/0000-0001-7033-6982 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA094254, CA 94254, R01 CA043054] NR 55 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 18 BP 6859 EP 6869 DI 10.1128/MCB.00062-06 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 084BB UT WOS:000240505400011 PM 16943427 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Manning, J Spendlove, HE Kremmidiotis, G McKirdy, R Lee, J Millband, DN Cheney, KM Stampfer, MR Dwivedi, PP Morris, HA Callen, DF AF Kumar, Raman Manning, Jantina Spendlove, Hayley E. Kremmidiotis, Gabriel McKirdy, Ross Lee, Jaclyn Millband, David N. Cheney, Kelly M. Stampfer, Martha R. Dwivedi, Prem P. Morris, Howard A. Callen, David F. TI ZNF652, a novel zinc finger protein, interacts with the putative breast tumor suppressor CBFA2T3 to repress transcription SO MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; T(8/21) FUSION PROTEIN; HETEROZYGOSITY REGION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; ETO PROTEIN; CANCER LOSS; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; COREPRESSOR AB The transcriptional repressor CBFA2T3 is a putative breast tumor suppressor. To define the role of CBFA2T3, we used a segment of this protein as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified a novel uncharacterized protein, ZNF652. In general, primary tumors and cancer cell lines showed lower expression of ZNF652 than normal tissues. Together with the location of this gene on the long arm of chromosome 17q, a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity in cancer, these results suggest a possible role of ZNF652 in tumorigenesis. In silico analysis of this protein revealed that it contains multiple classic zinc finger domains that are predicted to bind DNA. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that ZNF652 strongly interacts with CBFA2T3 and this interaction occurs through the COOH-terminal 109 amino acids of ZNF652. In contrast, there was a weak interaction of ZNF652 with CBFA2T1 and CBFA2T2, the other two members of this ETO family. Transcriptional reporter assays further confirmed the strength and selectivity of the ZNF652-CBFA2T3 interaction. The transcriptional repression of growth factor independent-1 (GFI-1), a previously characterized ETO effector zinc finger protein, was shown to be enhanced by CBFA2T1, but to a lesser extent by CBFA2T2 and CBFA2T3. We therefore suggest that each of the various gene effector zinc finger proteins may specifically interact with one or more of the ETO proteins to generate a defined range of transcriptional repressor complexes. C1 Inst Med & Vet Sci, Breast Canc Genet Grp, Dame Roma Mitchell Canc Res Labs, Hanson Inst, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Hanson Inst, Endocrine Bone Lab, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Genet, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Bionom Ltd, Thebarton, SA, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Inst Med & Vet Sci, Breast Canc Genet Grp, Dame Roma Mitchell Canc Res Labs, Hanson Inst, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM david.callen@imvs.sa.gov.au RI Morris, Howard/G-4564-2010; Callen, David/G-1975-2012; OI Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1541-7786 J9 MOL CANCER RES JI Mol. Cancer Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 9 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-05-0249 PG 11 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 084UF UT WOS:000240559200006 PM 16966434 ER PT J AU Shreeram, S Demidov, ON Hee, WK Yamaguchi, H Onishi, N Kek, C Timofeev, ON Dudgeon, C Fornace, AJ Anderson, CW Minami, Y Appella, E Bulavin, DV AF Shreeram, Sathyavageeswaran Demidov, Oleg N. Hee, Weng Kee Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Onishi, Nobuyuki Kek, Calvina Timofeev, Oleg N. Dudgeon, Crissy Fornace, Albert J. Anderson, Carl W. Minami, Yasuhiro Appella, Ettore Bulavin, Dmitry V. TI Wip1 phosphatase modulates ATM-dependent signaling pathways SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; CELL-CYCLE CHECKPOINTS; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; CHROMOSOMAL IMBALANCES; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; BREAST-CANCER; UV-RADIATION; PPM1D; ACTIVATION; KINASE AB Deletion of Ppm1d, the gene encoding the Wip1 phosphatase, renders cells resistant to transformation and mice resistant to tumor development. Here, we report that deficiency of Wip1 resulted in activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. In turn, overexpression of Wip1 was sufficient to reduce activation of the ATM-dependent signaling cascade after DNA damage. Wip1 dephosphorylated ATM Ser1981, a site critical for ATM monomerization and activation, and was critical for resetting ATM phosphorylation as cells repaired damaged DNA. We propose that the Wip1 phosphatase is an integral component of an ATM-dependent signaling pathway. C1 Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Kobe Univ, Dept Genome Sci, Fac Med Sci, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bulavin, DV (reprint author), Inst Mol & Cell Biol, 61 Boplis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore. EM dvbulavin@imcb.a-star.edu.sg RI Fornace, Albert/A-7407-2008; ASTAR, IMCB/E-2320-2012; ONISHI, Nobuyuki/L-6296-2013; OI Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X; Sathyavageeswaran, Shreeram/0000-0002-6111-1818; Demidov, Oleg/0000-0003-4323-7174 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 178 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 086HC UT WOS:000240663400014 PM 16949371 ER PT J AU Georgakakis, A Nandra, K Laird, ES Gwyn, S Steidel, CC Sarajedini, VL Barmby, P Faber, SM Coil, AL Cooper, MC Davis, M Newman, JA AF Georgakakis, A. Nandra, K. Laird, E. S. Gwyn, S. Steidel, C. C. Sarajedini, V. L. Barmby, P. Faber, S. M. Coil, A. L. Cooper, M. C. Davis, M. Newman, J. A. TI A deep Chandra survey of the Groth Strip - II. Optical identification of the X-ray sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : active; cosmology : observations; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FIELD NORTH SURVEY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; SOURCE POPULATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS AB In this paper, we discuss the optical and X-ray spectral properties of the sources detected in a single 200-ks Chandra pointing in the Groth-Westphal Strip region. A wealth of optical photometric and spectroscopic data are available in this field providing optical identifications and redshift determinations for the X-ray population. The optical photometry and spectroscopy used here are primarily from the Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) survey with additional redshifts obtained from the literature. These are complemented with the deeper (r approximate to 26 mag) multiwaveband data (ugriz) from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey to estimate photometric redshifts and to optically identify sources fainter than the DEEP2 magnitude limit (R-A approximate to 24.5 mag). We focus our study on the 2-10 keV selected sample comprising 97 sources to the limit approximate to 8 x 10(-16) erg s(-1) cm(-2), this being the most complete in terms of optical identification rate (86 per cent) and redshift determination fraction (63 per cent; both spectroscopic and photometric). We first construct the redshift distribution of the sample which shows a peak at z approximate to 1. This is in broad agreement with models where less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) evolve out to z approximate to 1 with powerful quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) peaking at higher redshift, z approximate to 2. Evolution similar to that of broad-line QSOs applied to the entire AGN population (both types I and II) does not fit the data. We also explore the observed N-H distribution of the sample and estimate a fraction of obscured AGN (N-H > 10(22) cm(-2)) of 48 +/- 9 per cent. This is found to be consistent with both a luminosity-dependent intrinsic N-H distribution, where less luminous systems comprise a higher fraction of type II AGNs and models with a fixed ratio 2:1 between types I and II AGNs. We further compare our results with those obtained in deeper and shallower surveys. We argue that a luminosity-dependent parametrization of the intrinsic N-H distribution is required to account for the fraction of obscured AGN observed in different samples over a wide range of fluxes. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Georgakakis, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM a.georgakakis@imperial.ac.uk RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10634.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075DQ UT WOS:000239863700036 ER PT J AU Grant, WF Owens, ET AF Grant, William F. Owens, Elizabeth T. TI Zea mays assays of chemical/radiation genotoxicity for the study of environmental mutagens SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Zea mays (maize); zea species; plant genotoxicity bioassay; karyotype; nuclear DNA amounts; radiobiological data ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; GENOME SIZE VARIATION; ROOT-TIP CELLS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION ASSAYS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; GENE-TOX PROGRAM; COAL FLY-ASH; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE MUTANTS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE GAS AB From a literature survey, 86 chemicals are tabulated that have been evaluated in 121 assays for their clastogenic effects in Zea mays. Eighty-one of the 86 chemicals are reported as giving a positive reaction (i.e. causing chromosome aberrations). Of these, 36 are reported positive with a dose response. In addition, 32 assays have been recorded for 7 types of radiation, all of which reacted positively. The results of 126 assays with 63 chemicals and 12 types of radiation tested for the inductions of gene mutations are tabulated, as well as 63 chemicals and/or radiation in combined treatments. Three studies reported positive results for mutations on Zea mays seed sent on space flights. The Zea mays (2n = 20) assay is a very good plant bioassay for assessing chromosome damage both in mitosis and meiosis and for somatic mutations induced by chemicals and radiations. The carcinogenicity and Salmonella assays correlate in all cases. The maize bioassay has been shown to be as sensitive and as specific an assay as other plant genotoxicity assays, such as Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, Crepis capillaris, Pisum sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa and should be considered in further studies in assessing clastogenicity. Tests using Zea mays can be made for a spectrum of mutant phenotypes of which many are identifiable in young seedlings. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nanoscale Sci & Devices Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Grant, WF (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, POB 4000,Macdonald Campus 21,111 Lakeshore Blvd, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. EM william.grant@mcgill.ca NR 455 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 613 IS 1 BP 17 EP 64 DI 10.1016/k.mrrev.2006.04.002 PG 48 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 084TQ UT WOS:000240557700003 PM 16828334 ER PT J AU Scholes, GD Rumbles, G AF Scholes, Gregory D. Rumbles, Garry TI Excitons in nanoscale systems SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCHANGE INTERACTION; SOLAR-CELLS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; EXCITATION TRANSFER; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS AB Nanoscale systems are forecast to be a means of integrating desirable attributes of molecular and bulk regimes into easily processed materials. Notable examples include plastic light-emitting devices and organic solar cells, the operation of which hinge on the formation of electronic excited states, excitons, in complex nanostructured materials. The spectroscopy of nanoscale materials reveals details of their collective excited states, characterized by atoms or molecules working together to capture and redistribute excitation. What is special about excitons in nanometre-sized materials? Here we present a cross-disciplinary review of the essential characteristics of excitons in nanoscience. Topics covered include confinement effects, localization versus delocalization, exciton binding energy, exchange interactions and exciton fine structure, exciton-vibration coupling and dynamics of excitons. Important examples are presented in a commentary that overviews the present understanding of excitons in quantum dots, conjugated polymers, carbon nanotubes and photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Optical Sci, Ctr Quantum Inform & Quantum Control, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Scholes, GD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Optical Sci, Ctr Quantum Inform & Quantum Control, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM gscholes@chem.utoronto.ca OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 118 TC 611 Z9 612 U1 50 U2 544 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 683 EP 696 DI 10.1038/nmat1710 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HL UT WOS:000241731800013 PM 16946728 ER PT J AU Minor, AM Asif, SAS Shan, ZW Stach, EA Cyrankowski, E Wyrobek, TJ Warren, OL AF Minor, Andrew M. Asif, S. A. Syed Shan, Zhiwei Stach, Eric A. Cyrankowski, Edward Wyrobek, Thomas J. Warren, Oden L. TI A new view of the onset of plasticity during the nanoindentation of aluminium SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INCIPIENT PLASTICITY; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; STRENGTH; CRYSTAL; YIELD; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; AL AB In nanoscale contact experiments, it is generally believed that the shear stress at the onset of plasticity can approach the theoretical shear strength of an ideal, defect-free lattice(1-4), a trend also observed in idealized molecular dynamics simulations(5-9). Here we report direct evidence that plasticity in a dislocation-free volume of polycrystalline aluminium can begin at very small forces, remarkably, even before the first sustained rise in repulsive force. However, the shear stresses associated with these very small forces do approach the theoretical shear strength of aluminium (similar to 2.2GPa). Our observations entail correlating quantitative load-displacement measurements with individual video frames acquired during in situ nanoindentation experiments in a transmission electron microscope. We also report direct evidence that a submicrometre grain of aluminium plastically deformed by nanoindentation to a dislocation density of similar to 10(14) m(-2) is also capable of supporting shear stresses close to the theoretical shear strength. This result is contrary to earlier assumptions that a dislocation-free volume is necessary to achieve shear stresses near the theoretical shear strength of the material(5-9). Moreover, our results in entirety are at odds with the prevalent notion that the first obvious displacement excursion in a nanoindentation test is indicative of the onset of plastic deformation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Warren, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM owarren@hysitron.com RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Shan, Zhiwei/B-8799-2014 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; NR 29 TC 241 Z9 246 U1 14 U2 141 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1038/NMAT1714 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HL UT WOS:000241731800015 PM 16906139 ER PT J AU Zhou, SY Gweon, GH Graf, J Fedorov, AV Spataru, CD Diehl, RD Kopelevich, Y Lee, DH Louie, SG Lanzara, A AF Zhou, S. Y. Gweon, G. -H. Graf, J. Fedorov, A. V. Spataru, C. D. Diehl, R. D. Kopelevich, Y. Lee, D. -H. Louie, Steven G. Lanzara, A. TI First direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; GRAPHENE AB Originating from relativistic quantum field theory, Dirac fermions have been invoked recently to explain various peculiar phenomena in condensed-matter physics, including the novel quantum Hall effect in graphene(1,2), the magnetic-field-driven metal - insulator-like transition in graphite(3,4), super. uidity in He-3 ( ref. 5) and the exotic pseudogap phase of high-temperature superconductors(6,7). Despite their proposed key role in those systems, direct experimental evidence of Dirac fermions has been limited. Here, we report the first direct observation of relativistic Dirac fermions with linear dispersion near the Brillouin zone (BZ) corner H, which coexist with quasiparticles that have a parabolic dispersion near another BZ corner K. In addition, we also report a large electron pocket that we attribute to defect-induced localized states. Thus, graphite presents a system in which massless Dirac fermions, quasiparticles with finite effective mass and defect states all contribute to the low-energy electronic dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Zhou, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ALanzara@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 26 TC 348 Z9 351 U1 13 U2 114 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 2 IS 9 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1038/nphys393 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 087TT UT WOS:000240766000018 ER PT J AU Woo, H Dai, P Hayden, SM Mook, HA Dahm, T Scalapino, DJ Perring, TG Dogan, F AF Woo, Hyungje Dai, Pengcheng Hayden, S. M. Mook, H. A. Dahm, T. Scalapino, D. J. Perring, T. G. Dogan, F. TI Magnetic energy change available to superconducting condensation in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6.95 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; SPIN; EXCITATIONS; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB Understanding the magnetic excitations in high-temperature (high-T-c) copper-oxide superconductors is important because they may mediate the electron pairing for superconductivity(1,2). By determining the wavevector (Q) and energy ((h) over bar omega) dependence of the magnetic excitations, it is possible to calculate the change in the exchange energy available to the superconducting condensation energy(3-5). For the high-T-c superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitations is the resonance(6-12). Suggestions that the resonance contributes a major part of the superconducting condensation(4,13) have not gained acceptance because the resonance is only a small portion of the total magnetic scattering(12-14). Here, we report an extensive mapping of magnetic excitations for YBa2Cu3O6.95 (T-c similar to 93 K). Absolute intensity measurements of the full spectra allow us to estimate the change in the magnetic exchange energy between the normal and superconducting states, which is about 15 times larger than the superconducting condensation energy(15,16) - more than enough to provide the driving force for high-T-c superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.95. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Missouri, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Dai, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dahm, Thomas/F-1899-2011; Hayden, Stephen/F-4162-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Hayden, Stephen/0000-0002-3209-027X; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 2 IS 9 BP 600 EP 604 DI 10.1038/nphys394 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 087TT UT WOS:000240766000019 ER PT J AU Petersen, JC Caswell, MD Dodge, JS Sergienko, IA He, J Jin, R Mandrus, D AF Petersen, Jesse C. Caswell, Michael D. Dodge, J. Steven Sergienko, Ivan A. He, Jian Jin, Rongying Mandrus, David TI Nonlinear optical signatures of the tensor order in Cd2Re2O7 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE OXIDE CD2RE2O7; SUPERCONDUCTOR CD2RE2O7; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; SYMMETRY; METALS AB Growing evidence indicates that the superconducting pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 exhibits a structural phase transition at T-c = 200 K with an unusual tensor character(1-3). The structural order parameter for this state is two-dimensional, and spanned by distinct but nearly degenerate crystallographic structures I4(1)22 and I (4) over bar m2 ( ref. 1). Symmetry rules imply that the low-energy excitations of the ordered state are Goldstone phonons, or long wavelength fluctuations between the two crystal structures. These are the structural equivalents of magnons in an XY antiferromagnet, with the two crystal structures analogous to orthogonal spin directions in the xy-plane. Goldstone phonons have been observed in Raman spectroscopy(3), but high-resolution X-ray and neutron scattering experiments have produced conflicting assignments of the static low-temperature structure(4-6). Here, we use optical second-harmonic generation with polarization sensitivity to assign the I (4) over bar m2 structure unambiguously and verify an auxiliary condition on the structure that is implied by the order parameter symmetry. We also show that the temperature dependence of the order parameter is consistent with thermal occupation of the Goldstone mode. The methodology may be applied more widely in characterizing ordered states in matter. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dodge, JS (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jsdodge@sfu.ca RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 2 IS 9 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1038/nphys392 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 087TT UT WOS:000240766000020 ER PT J AU Wu, C Malinin, SV Tretiak, S Chernyak, VY AF Wu, Chao Malinin, Sergey V. Tretiak, Sergei Chernyak, Vladimir Y. TI Exciton scattering and localization in branched dendrimeric structures SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-EXCITATIONS; PHENYLACETYLENE DENDRIMERS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; CONJUGATED MOLECULES; ORGANIC DENDRIMERS; MACROMOLECULES; COHERENCE; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB pi-conjugated dendrimers are molecular examples of tree-like structures known in physics as Bethe lattices. Electronic excitations in these systems can be spatially delocalized or localized depending on the branching topology. Without a priori knowledge of the localization pattern, understanding photoexcitation dynamics reflected in experimental optical spectra is difficult. 'Supramolecular'-like quantum-chemical calculations quickly become intractable as the molecular size increases. Here we develop a reduced exciton-scattering (ES) model, which attributes excited states to standing waves in quasi-one-dimensional structures, assuming a quasiparticle picture of optical excitations. Direct quantum-chemical calculations of branched phenylacetylene chromophores are used to verify our model and to derive relevant parameters. Complex and non-trivial delocalization patterns of photoexcitations throughout the entire molecular tree can then be universally characterized and understood using the proposed ES method, completely bypassing 'supramolecular' calculations. This allows accurate modelling of excited-state dynamics in arbitrary branched structures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov; chernyak@chem.wayne.edu RI wu, chao/A-1303-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI wu, chao/0000-0002-8573-7196; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 35 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 2 IS 9 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.1038/nphys389 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 087TT UT WOS:000240766000025 ER PT J AU Borowsky, AD Dingley, KH Ubick, E Turteltaub, KW Cardiff, RD DeVere-White, R AF Borowsky, Alexander D. Dingley, Karen H. Ubick, Esther Turteltaub, Kenneth W. Cardiff, Robert D. DeVere-White, Ralph TI Inflammation and atrophy precede prostatic neoplasia in a PhIP-induced rat model SO NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; rat model; PhIP carcinogen; prostate inflammation; prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ID GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED MICE; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; F344 RATS; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; HYPERPLASIA; CARCINOMA; ACI AB 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b) pyridine (PhIP) has been implicated as a major mutagenic heterocyclicamine in the human diet and is carcinogenic in the rat prostate. To validate PhIP-induced rat prostatic neoplasia as a model of human prostate cancer progression, we sought to study the earliest histologic and morphologic changes in the prostate and to follow progressive changes over time. We fed sixty-seven 5-week-old male Fischer F344 rats with PhIP (400 ppm) or control diets for 20 weeks, and then sacrificed animals for histomorphologic examination at the ages of 25, 45, and 65 weeks. Animals treated with PhIP showed significantly more inflammation (P = .002, > .001, and .016 for 25, 45, and 65 weeks, respectively) and atrophy (P = .003, > .001, and .006 for 25, 45, and 65 weeks, respectively) in their prostate glands relative to controls. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) occurred only in PhIP-treated rats. PIN lesions arose in areas of glandular atrophy, most often in the ventral prostate. Atypical cells in areas of atrophy show loss of glutathione S-transferase pi immunostaining preceding the development of PIN. None of the animals in this study developed invasive carcinomas, differing from those in previous reports. Overall, these findings suggest that the pathogenesis of prostatic neoplasia in the PhIP-treated rat prostate proceeds from inflammation to postinflammatory proliferative atrophy to PIN. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Borowsky, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM adborowsky@ucdavis.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA5586., R03 CA097474] NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEOPLASIA PRESS PI ANN ARBOR PA 1150 W MEDICAL CENTER DR, MSRB III, RM 9303, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0648 USA SN 1522-8002 J9 NEOPLASIA JI Neoplasia PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.1593/neo.06373 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 083MV UT WOS:000240460900003 PM 16984728 ER PT J AU Curro, NJ AF Curro, N. J. TI Hyperfine interactions in the heavy fermion CeMIn5 systems SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; MAGNETISM; CRYSTAL; CECOIN5 AB The CeMIn5 heavy fermion compounds have attracted enormous interest since their discovery six years ago. These materials exhibit a rich spectrum of unusual correlated electron behaviour, and may be an ideal model for the high-temperature superconductors. As many of these systems are either antiferromagnets, or lie close to an antiferromagnetic phase boundary, it is crucial to understand the behaviour of the dynamic and static magnetism. Since neutron scattering is difficult in these materials, often the primary source of information about the magnetic fluctuations is nuclear magnetic resonance. Therefore, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of how the nuclear moments interact with conduction electrons and the local moments present in these systems. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the hyperfine coupling based on anisotropic hyperfine coupling tensors between nuclear moments and local moments. Because the couplings are symmetric with respect to bond axes rather than crystal lattice directions, the nuclear sites can experience non-vanishing hyperfine fields even in high symmetry sites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM curro@lanl.gov RI Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 173 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/173 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HC UT WOS:000240237500003 ER PT J AU Narduzzo, A Enayati-Rad, A Heard, PJ Kearns, SL Horii, S Balakirev, FF Hussey, NE AF Narduzzo, A. Enayati-Rad, A. Heard, P. J. Kearns, S. L. Horii, S. Balakirev, F. F. Hussey, N. E. TI Fragile three-dimensionality in the quasi-one-dimensional cuprate PrBa2Cu4O8 SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LUTTINGER LIQUID; NORMAL-STATE; BECHGAARD SALTS; DOUBLE CHAINS; TRANSPORT; RESISTIVITY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; YBA2CU4O8; CROSSOVER; MINIMUM AB In this paper, we report on the experimental realization of dimensional crossover phenomena in the chain compound PrBa2Cu4O8 using temperature, high magnetic fields and disorder as independent tuning parameters. In pure crystals of PrBa2Cu4O8, a highly anisotropic three-dimensional Fermi-liquid state develops at low temperatures. This metallic state is extremely susceptible to disorder, however, and localization rapidly sets in. We show, through quantitative comparison of the relevant energy scales, that this metal/insulator crossover occurs precisely when the scattering rate within the chain exceeds the interchain hopping rate(s), i.e. once carriers become confined to a single conducting element. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Interface Anal Ctr, Bristol BS2 8BS, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hussey, NE (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM n.e.hussey@bristol.ac.uk RI Heard, Peter/C-2155-2008; HORII, SHIGERU/B-4703-2009; Hussey, Nigel/F-9699-2015 OI Heard, Peter/0000-0002-8926-4680; NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 172 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/172 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HC UT WOS:000240237500002 ER PT J AU Perry, RS Baumberger, F Balicas, L Kikugawa, N Ingle, NJC Rost, A Mercure, JF Maeno, Y Shen, ZX Mackenzie, AP AF Perry, R. S. Baumberger, F. Balicas, L. Kikugawa, N. Ingle, N. J. C. Rost, A. Mercure, J. F. Maeno, Y. Shen, Z. X. Mackenzie, A. P. TI Sr2RhO4: a new, clean correlated electron metal SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; TRANSITION; SR3RU2O7; PHYSICS; GROWTH; SRRUO3 AB We report the image furnace growth of single crystals of a novel correlated electron metal, the rhodate Sr2RhO4. Suitable annealing treatments result in residual resistivity ratios in excess of 100. Bulk specific heat and magnetic susceptibility have been measured, and both the de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov-de Haas effects are observable in the best crystals. The quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure has also enabled a comprehensive study of the electronic structure by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The implications of our combined spectroscopic results are discussed. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ St Andrews, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Int Innovat Ctr, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Perry, RS (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM rsp1@st-and.ac.uk; apm9@st-and.ac.uk RI Baumberger, Felix/A-5170-2008; Rost, Andreas/B-8379-2008; Rost, Andreas/F-3004-2011; Mackenzie, Andrew/K-6742-2015; OI Baumberger, Felix/0000-0001-7104-7541; Mercure, Jean-Francois/0000-0003-2620-9200 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 8 AR 175 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/8/9/175 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HC UT WOS:000240237500005 ER PT J AU Abriola, D Sonzogni, AA AF Abriola, D. Sonzogni, A. A. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=94 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-EMISSION PROBABILITIES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; LOW-LYING STATES; INELASTIC DEUTERON SCATTERING; TRANSITION MATRIX-ELEMENTS; MASS MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPES; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LIVED FISSION-PRODUCTS; YRAST LEVEL STRUCTURE; HIGH ANGULAR-MOMENTUM AB Experimental data on ground- and excited-state properties for all known nuclei with mass number A=94 have been compiled and evaluated. States populated in radioactive decay, as well as in nuclear reactions, have been considered. For these nuclei, level and decay schemes, as well as tables of nuclear properties, are given. The Hager-Seltzer internal conversion coefficients are listed for gamma rays of known multipolarity. This work supersedes the 1992 evaluation by J.K. Tali (1992Tu02). Since 1992, many articles have been published which were incorporated in this evaluation. In summary, high-spin data using large arrays of Ge detectors have been obtained for K-94, (2000Rz02), Sr-94 (1995Ha20), Zr-94 (2002Fo03,2005Pa48), Nb-94 (2000Ma63), Mo-94 (1998Kh04), Te-94 (2000Gh01), Ru-94 (1994Ju03,1994Ro08), Rh-94 (1994Ar33), and Pd-94 (2003Ma24). A new isomer was observed in Y-94 (1999Ge01). The low-spin levels in Mo-98 were systematically studied using a variety of experimental techniques (2003Fr02). Considerable effort was spent investigating the decay of Ag-94 and. the levels of Pd-94 (2006Mu03,2005Mu15,2004BaZY,2004PI01,2002La18), in particular, the (21+) level in Ag-94 is the first level observed to undergo both single and double proton radioactivity. C1 Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Tandar Lab, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Abriola, D (reprint author), Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 258 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD SEP PY 2006 VL 107 IS 9 BP 2423 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.08.001 PG 155 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 095FN UT WOS:000241293700002 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Valeo, EJ Budny, RV Kessel, C Johnson, D AF Kramer, G. J. Nazikian, R. Valeo, E. J. Budny, R. V. Kessel, C. Johnson, D. TI 2D reflectometer modelling for optimizing the ITER low-field side X-mode reflectometer system SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Reflectometry Workshop for Fusion Plasma Diagnostics (IRW7) CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Max Plank Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY HO Max Plank Inst Plasmaphys ID FUSION PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS AB The response of a low-field side X-mode reflectometer system for ITER is simulated with a 2D reflectometer code using a realistic plasma equilibrium. Relativistic corrections to the plasma permitivity due to the high electron temperature were included. It is found that the reflected beam will often miss its launch point by as much as 40 cm and that a vertical array of receiving antennas is essential in order to observe a reflection on the low-field side of ITER. Relativistic absorption effects were studied with a 1D full wave code and found to be insignificant for reflections from the low-field side up to the plasma centre. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gkramer@pppl.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 BP S846 EP S852 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/9/S21 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089GR UT WOS:000240869100022 ER PT J AU Wang, G Peebles, WA Rhodes, TL Kramer, GJ Doyle, EJ Mckee, GR Nazikian, R Crocker, NA Nguyen, X Zeng, L Kubota, S VanZeeland, MA AF Wang, G. Peebles, W. A. Rhodes, T. L. Kramer, G. J. Doyle, E. J. McKee, G. R. Nazikian, R. Crocker, N. A. Nguyen, X. Zeng, L. Kubota, S. VanZeeland, M. A. TI Quantitative density fluctuation measurements utilizing quadrature reflectometers on FIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Reflectometry Workshop for Fusion Plasma Diagnostics (IRW7) CY MAY 09-12, 2005 CL Max Plank Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, GERMANY HO Max Plank Inst Plasmaphys ID BEAM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; FUSION PLASMAS; DIII-D; TURBULENCE; TOKAMAK AB Fixed-frequency reflectometers utilizing quadrature phase detection are employed on DIII-D to study both coherent and turbulent density fluctuations. For coherent fluctuations, the reconstructed phase information successfully identifies MHD/coherent mode activity, e.g. tearing modes, compressional Alfven eigenmodes, etc. For an m = 3/n = 2 tearing mode, a basic ID phase screen model is applied to infer fluctuation levels, and the result is consistent with the beam emission spectroscopy (BES) measurement. For turbulent fluctuation studies, a 2D full-wave code (Valeo E.J., Kramer G.J. and Nazikian R. 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 L1) is applied to interpret reflectometry data obtained in the H-mode edge pedestal region to deduce density fluctuation levels. The measurement is simulated using realistic geometry, plasma conditions and antenna patterns. Comparison of the fluctuation level deduced from the 2D code with BES measurement shows reasonable agreement. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, PSTI, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM wangg@fusion.gat.com NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 BP S708 EP S713 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/9/S06 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089GR UT WOS:000240869100007 ER PT J AU Andreazza, A Einsweiler, K Gemme, C Rossi, L Sicho, P AF Andreazza, A. Einsweiler, K. Gemme, C. Rossi, L. Sicho, P. TI Effect of accidental beam losses on the ATLAS pixel detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging CY SEP 05-08, 2005 CL Bonn Univ, Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Zuverlassigkeit & Mikrointegrat, ISEG High Voltage, Philips Med Syst GmbH, Wiener Plein & Baus GmbH HO Bonn Univ DE beam loss; LHC; pixel detector AB The ATLAS pixel detector has been designed to sustain a dose of 500 kGy integrated over 10 years of operation. This very substantial radiation hardness should also favor the survival of the detector in case of accidental beam losses. The effect of a very intensive beam releasing a high instantaneous dose in the pixel detector has been measured in a short experiment performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The results confirm that the ATLAS pixel detector can survive to beam losses with minimal or no deterioration of performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Acad Sci Czech Republ, CR-10400 Prague, Czech Republic. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Gemme, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. EM Claudia.Gemme@ge.infn.it RI Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011 OI Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 565 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.04.086 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 084UT UT WOS:000240560600010 ER PT J AU Contarato, D Adamus, M Ciborowski, J Fretwurst, E Haas, T Hauschildt, J Klanner, R Kotz, U Lohr, B Muhl, C Polini, A Sztuk, J Tyszkiewicz, A Zeuner, W AF Contarato, D. Adamus, M. Ciborowski, J. Fretwurst, E. Haas, T. Hauschildt, J. Klanner, R. Koetz, U. Loehr, B. Muhl, C. Polini, A. Sztuk, J. Tyszkiewicz, A. Zeuner, W. TI Beam-test of CMOS pixel sensors with 6 GeV electrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging CY SEP 05-08, 2005 CL Bonn Univ, Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Zuverlassigkeit & Mikrointegrat, ISEG High Voltage, Philips Med Syst GmbH, Wiener Plein & Baus GmbH HO Bonn Univ DE solid-state detectors; silicon pixel detectors; CMOS; monolithic pixel sensors; particle tracking ID CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKING AB CMOS monolithic pixel sensors have emerged in recent years as a viable option for particle tracking applications at high-energy physics experiments. Their capability of integrating the sensing element, the first readout and the processing electronics on the same substrate allows the fabrication of highly segmented sensors which provide an excellent spatial resolution with a minimum material budget. In this study, a reticle-size prototype, featuring more than 1 million pixels distributed over an area of 3.5 cm(2), has been tested in a series of beam-tests with the 6 GeV electron beam of the DESY-II synchrotron in DESY (Hamburg, Germany). The detector tracking capabilities have been studied with the aid of a silicon reference telescope. Results are presented concerning the sensor charge collection properties, detection efficiency and spatial resolution as a function of the operational temperature and of the electron beam energy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Div High Energy Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Warsaw Univ, Dept Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Lodz, Fac Phys & Chem, Inst Phys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Contarato, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DContarato@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 565 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.04.068 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 084UT UT WOS:000240560600022 ER PT J AU Varner, G Aihara, H Barbero, M Bozek, A Browder, T Hazumi, M Kennedy, J Martin, E Mueller, J Olsen, S Palka, H Rosen, M Ruckman, L Stanic, S Trabelsi, K Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Yang, Q Yarema, R AF Varner, G. Aihara, H. Barbero, M. Bozek, A. Browder, T. Hazumi, M. Kennedy, J. Martin, E. Mueller, J. Olsen, S. Palka, H. Rosen, M. Ruckman, L. Stanic, S. Trabelsi, K. Tsuboyama, T. Uchida, K. Yang, Q. Yarema, R. TI Development of the Continuous Acquisition Pixel (CAP) sensor for high luminosity lepton colliders SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging CY SEP 05-08, 2005 CL Bonn Univ, Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Zuverlassigkeit & Mikrointegrat, ISEG High Voltage, Philips Med Syst GmbH, Wiener Plein & Baus GmbH HO Bonn Univ DE B factory; ILC; vertex detector; monolithic active pixel sensor; CMOS; radiation hard ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; PROTOTYPES; DESIGN AB A future higher luminosity B-factory detector and concept study detectors for the proposed International Linear Collider require precision vertex reconstruction while coping with high track densities and radiation exposures. Compared with current silicon strip and hybrid pixels, a significant reduction in the overall detector material thickness is needed to achieve the desired vertex resolution. Considerable progress in the development of thin CMOS-based Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) in recent years makes them a viable technology option and feasibility studies are being actively pursued. The most serious concerns are their radiation hardness and their readout speed. To address these, several prototypes denoted as the Continuous Acquisition Pixel (CAP) sensors have been developed and tested. The latest of the CAP sensor prototypes is CAP3, designed in the TSMC 0.25 mu m process with a 5-deep Correlated Double Sample (CDs) pair pipeline in each pixel. A setup with several CAP3 sensors is under evaluation to assess the performance of a full-scale pixel readout system running at realistic readout speed. Given the similarity in the occupancy numbers and hit throughput requirements, per unit area, between a Belle vertex detector upgradation and the requirements for a future ILC pixel detector, this effort can be considered a small-scale functioning prototype for such a future system. The results and plans for the next stages of R&D towards a full Belle Pixel Vertex Detector (PVD) are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Nova Gorica Polytechn, Nova Gorica 5000, Slovenia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Varner, G (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM varner@phys.hawaii.edu RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 565 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.04.075 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 084UT UT WOS:000240560600023 ER PT J AU Kleinfelder, S Li, S Bieser, F Gareus, R Greiner, L King, J Levesque, J Matis, HS Oldenburg, M Ritter, HG Retiere, F Rose, A Schweda, K Shabetai, A Sichtermann, E Thomas, JH Wieman, HH Bichsel, H AF Kleinfelder, S. Li, S. Bieser, F. Gareus, R. Greiner, L. King, J. Levesque, J. Matis, H. S. Oldenburg, M. Ritter, H. G. Retiere, F. Rose, A. Schweda, K. Shabetai, A. Sichtermann, E. Thomas, J. H. Wieman, H. H. Bichsel, H. TI A proposed STAR microvertex detector using Active Pixel Sensors with some relevant studies on APS performance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging CY SEP 05-08, 2005 CL Bonn Univ, Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Zuverlassigkeit & Mikrointegrat, ISEG High Voltage, Philips Med Syst GmbH, Wiener Plein & Baus GmbH HO Bonn Univ DE active pixel sensors; vertex detector; CMOS : STAR; RHIC; tracking and positive sensitive detectors ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PARTICLE TRACKING; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; COLLISIONS; ARRAYS AB A vertex detector that can measure particles with charm or bottom quarks would dramatically expand the physics capability of the STAR detector at RHIC. To accomplish this, we are proposing to build the Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) using 2 x 2 cm Active Pixels Sensors (APS). Ten of these APS chips will be arranged on a ladder (0.28% of a radiation length) at radii of 1.5 and at 5.0 cm. We have examined several properties of APS chips, so that we can characterize the performance of this detector. Using 1.5 GeV/c electrons, we have measured the charge collected and compared it to the expected charge. To achieve high efficiency, we have considered two different cluster finding algorithms and found that the choice of algorithm is dependent on noise level. We have demonstrated that a Scanning Electron Microscope can probe properties of an APS chip. In particular, we studied several position resolution algorithms. Finally, we studied the properties of pixel pitches from 5 to 30 mu m. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Matis, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hsmatis@lbl.gov OI King, Jacob/0000-0002-6325-8899; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 565 IS 1 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.04.071 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 084UT UT WOS:000240560600024 ER PT J AU Peric, I Blanquart, L Comes, G Denes, P Einsweller, K Fischer, P Mandelli, E Meddeler, G AF Peric, Ivan Blanquart, Laurent Comes, Giacomo Denes, Peter Einsweller, Kevin Fischer, Peter Mandelli, Emanuele Meddeler, Gerrit TI The FEI3 readout chip for the ATLAS pixel detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging CY SEP 05-08, 2005 CL Bonn Univ, Bonn, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Zuverlassigkeit & Mikrointegrat, ISEG High Voltage, Philips Med Syst GmbH, Wiener Plein & Baus GmbH HO Bonn Univ DE pixel readout chip; front end chip; FEI3; ATLAS pixel detector; radiation tolerant design ID COMMERCIAL 0.25-MU-M PROCESS; CMOS; LHC; DESIGN AB The latest pixel readout chip FE13 for the ATLAS detector has been implemented in a standard 0.25 mu m CMOS process using radiation tolerant layout rules. It contains 2880 readout channels with densely packed analogue and digital circuits, a novel analogue front end and a complex time stamp based readout architecture and meets all specifications. Radiation tolerance has been demonstrated up to 100 Mrad of total dose. This paper summarizes the overall chip architecture and describes the most important circuit elements in some detail. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Peric, I (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Nussallee 12, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. EM peric@ti.uni-mannheim.de NR 9 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 565 IS 1 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.032 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 084UT UT WOS:000240560600031 ER PT J AU Attwood, D Bell, P Bull, S McMahon, T Wilson, J Fernow, R Gruber, P Jamdagm, A Long, K McKigney, E Savage, P Curtis-Rouse, M Edgecock, TR Ellis, M Lidbury, J Murray, W Norton, P Peach, K Ishida, K Matsuda, Y Nagamine, K Nakamura, S Marshall, GM Benveniste, S Cline, D Fukui, Y Lee, K Pischalnikov, Y Holmes, S Bogacz, A AF Attwood, D. Bell, P. Bull, S. McMahon, T. Wilson, J. Fernow, R. Gruber, P. Jamdagm, A. Long, K. McKigney, E. Savage, P. Curtis-Rouse, M. Edgecock, T. R. Ellis, M. Lidbury, J. Murray, W. Norton, P. Peach, K. Ishida, K. Matsuda, Y. Nagamine, K. Nakamura, S. Marshall, G. M. Benveniste, S. Cline, D. Fukui, Y. Lee, K. Pischalnikov, Y. Holmes, S. Bogacz, A. TI The scattering of muons in low-Z materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE multiple scattering; ionisation cooling ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CHARGED PARTICLES; SIMULATION AB This paper presents the measurement of the scattering of 172 MeV/c muons in assorted materials, including liquid hydrogen, motivated by the need to understand ionisation cooling for muon acceleration. Data are compared with predictions from the GEANT4 simulation code and this simulation is used to deconvolute detector effects. The scattering distributions obtained are compared with the Moliere theory of multiple scattering and, in the case of liquid hydrogen, with ELMS. With the exception of ELMS, none of the models are found to provide a good description of the data. The results suggest that ionisation cooling will work better than would be predicted by GEANT 4.7.0p01. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, PPD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Murray, W (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, PPD, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM w.j.murray@rl.ac.uk RI Peach, Ken/C-6551-2009; Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Peach, Ken/0000-0003-2966-2457; Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 251 IS 1 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.05.006 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 094GD UT WOS:000241226900005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S AF Zhang, Y. Weber, W. J. Shutthanandan, V. Thevuthasan, S. TI Non-linear damage accumulation in Au-irradiated SrTiO3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE strontium titanate; irradiation effects; defects; damage accumulation; amorphization; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; ion channel ID DISPLACEMENT ENERGIES; SUBLATTICES; TITANATES; EVOLUTION; CERAMICS; UO2 AB Ion-induced damage in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) has been investigated using 1.0 MeV Au ions at 150 K and room temperature. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using 2.0 MeV He+ beam was carried out along the < 100 > direction to study crystalline damage and the accumulation behavior. Damage accumulation has been determined as the relative disorder on the Sr and Ti sublattices at the damage peak as a function of local dose. A disorder accumulation model has been fit to both the Sr and Ti damage accumulation data and contributions from the amorphous fraction and the crystalline disorder are discussed. The results indicate that defect-stimulated amorphization is the primary amorphization mechanism in SrTiO3. The sigmoidal behavior in damage accumulation leads to non-linear increase of the width of the damage profile. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 251 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.05.018 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 094GD UT WOS:000241226900017 ER PT J AU Yadav, NN Maheswaran, S Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Ngo, HH Vigneswaran, S AF Yadav, Nirbhay N. Maheswaran, Saravanamuthu Shutthanandan, Valthlyalingam Thevuthasan, Suntharampillal Ngo, Huu H. Vigneswaran, Saravanamuth TI Quantification of arsenic in activated carbon using particle induced X-ray emission SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE PIXE; activated carbon; NAA; AAS; pelletization ID PIXE; SAMPLES AB To date, the trace elemental analysis of solids with inhomogencous internal structure has been limited, particularly in the case of adsorbents. High-energy ion beam based particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is an ideal analytical too] suitable for simultaneous quantification of trace elements with high accuracy. In this study, PIXE was used to quantify arsenic in the adsorbents, granular activated carbon (GAC) and powder activated carbon (PAC). Pelletized and unmodified GAC and PAC samples were analyzed along with powder samples deposited on thin teflon filters. These sample preparation methods resulted in samples of various thicknesses and densities. PIXE measurements taken from these samples were compared to results from neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). There is a good agreement between the values from the NAA and pelletized PIXE measurements and some AAS measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Univ Western Sydney, Nanoscale Org & Dynam Grp, Sydney, NSW 1797, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vigneswaran, S (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. EM n.yadav@uws.edu.au; svignesw@uts.edu.au RI Ngo, Hao /B-8488-2017; OI Ngo, Huu Hao/0000-0002-0296-2866 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 251 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.05.016 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 094GD UT WOS:000241226900027 ER PT J AU Smith, DY Inokuti, M Karstens, W Shiles, E AF Smith, D. Y. Inokuti, M. Karstens, W. Shiles, E. TI Mean excitation energy for the stopping power of light elements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE stopping power; silicon; oscillator strengths; dosimetry ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SUM-RULES; MATTER; SILICON AB We have evaluated the mean excitation energy or I value for Coulomb excitations by swift charged particles passing through carbon, aluminum and silicon. A self-consistent Kramers-Kronig analysis was used to treat X-ray optical spectra now available from synchrotron light sources allowing us to carry out Bethe's original program of evaluating I from the observed dielectric response. We find that the K and L shell are the dominant contributors to I in these light elements and that the contribution of valence electrons is relatively small, primarily because of their low binding energy. The optical data indicate that Si and Al have nearly equal I values, in contrast to Bloch's Thomas-Fermi result, I proportional to Z. The optically based I values for C and Al are in excellent agreement with experiment. However, the dielectric-response I value for Si is 164 +/- 2 eV, at variance with the commonly quoted value of 173 +/- 3 eV derived from stopping-power measurements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. St Michaels Coll, Dept Phys, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. RP Smith, DY (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, 82 Univ Pl, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dysmith@uvm.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.07 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500002 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR Devanathan, R AF Corrales, L. Rene Devanathan, Ram TI Characterization of energy conservation in primary knock-on atom cascades: Ballistic phase effects on variable time steps SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE molecular dynamics simulations; energy conservation; variable time step algorithm ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ION RANGES AB Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation trajectories must in principle conserve energy along the entire path. Processes exist in high-energy primary knock-on atom cascades that can affect the energy conservation, specifically during the ballistic phase where collisions bring atoms into very close proximities during which time important physics may be overlooked. The solution, in general, is to reduce the time step size of the simulation. This work explores the effects of variable time step algorithms and the effects of specifying bounds. The temporal and spatial extents of the ballistic phase can be well characterized by applying coarse-graining methods developed to monitor the kinetic energy dissipation during a high-energy cascade. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.075 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500003 ER PT J AU Uberuaga, BP Smith, R Cleave, AR Grimes, RW Voter, AF Sickafus, KE AF Uberuaga, B. P. Smith, R. Cleave, A. R. Grimes, R. W. Voter, A. F. Sickafus, K. E. TI Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations of interstitial clusters in pure and Al-doped MgO SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE MgO; radiation damage; accelerated molecular dynamics; temperature accelerated dynamics; interstitial clusters; defect mobility ID FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD AB Using temperature accelerated dynamics, we examine the kinetic behavior of interstitial clusters in both pure and Al-doped MgO. We find that penta-interstitials in pure MgO can form at least three different structures, each with unique kinetic properties. Furthermore, interstitials and interstitial clusters interact strongly with Al cluster impurities, binding strongly to them and becoming essentially immobile. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blas@lanl.gov RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.078 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500004 ER PT J AU Chartier, A Crocombette, JP Mels, C Weber, WJ Corrales, LR AF Chartier, A. Crocombette, J. P. Mels, C. Weber, W. J. Corrales, L. R. TI Radiation effects in lanthanum pyrozircoiriate SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE pyrochlore; radiation effects; molecular dynamic; point defects; phase transition; amorphization ID A(2)B(2)O(7) PYROCHLORES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HEAT-CAPACITY; WASTE FORM; LA2ZR2O7; GADOLINIUM; GD2TI2O7; DAMAGE; ION; CONDUCTIVITY AB The present paper reviews recent results on radiation resistance of lanthanum pyrozirconate La2Zr2O7 obtained through molecular dynamic simulations using empirical potentials. Detailed studies of displacement cascades carried out with a 6 keV U4+ cation, representing the a-recoil nucleus, have shown only point-defects formation, Frenkel pairs and cation antisites, indicating that in this material amorphization does not occur by a direct impact mechanism. In a more enhanced simulation study, the consequences of point-defect accumulation have been analyzed. The results show that cation Frenkel pair accumulation is the driving force for lanthanum zirconate amorphization. It is demonstrated that under cation Frenkel pair accumulation, the crystal undergoes a transition from the pyrochlore to the disordered fluorite structure, with the oxygen atoms simply rearranging around cations and next to the amorphous state. Consequently, these results provide atomic-level interpretation to experimental observations of a two-step phase transition under irradiation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP,LM2T, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DEN, DMN, SRMP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, INSTN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chartier, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP,LM2T, Bat 450 Sud, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM achartier@carnac.cea.fr RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/E-7681-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Crocombette, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-9543-3973 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.079 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500005 ER PT J AU Cleave, AR Grimes, RW Smith, R Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, KE AF Cleave, Antony R. Grimes, Robin W. Smith, Roger Uberuaga, Blas P. Sickafus, Kurt E. TI Simulations of cascades in pure and alumina doped magnesia SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE radiation damage; defects; computer simulation; magnesium oxide ID DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; RADIATION AB Atomic scale molecular dynamics simulations of displacement cascades are carried out in an initially defect-free MgO lattice and in a lattice where 0.2% of the Mg2+ ions have been replaced by Al3+ ions, charge compensated by magnesium vacancies. Results show that the properties of the cascade in the perfect lattice exhibit considerable anisotropy with respect to the direction of the incident primary knock-on atom (PKA). We find that a different anisotropy of equivalent magnitude occurs as a consequence of the (random) distribution of defects in the vicinity of the cascade. This suggests that the details of damage production during a cascade event can depend sensitively on the distribution of dopants and impurity atoms around the PKA. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. EM r.grimes@ic.ac.uk RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.008 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500007 ER PT J AU Bacorisen, D Smith, R Ball, JA Grimes, RW Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, KE Rankin, WT AF Bacorisen, D. Smith, Roger Ball, J. A. Grimes, R. W. Uberuaga, B. P. Sickafus, K. E. Rankin, W. T. TI Molecular dynamics modelling of radiation damage in normal, partly inverse and inverse spinels SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE collisions cascades; spinel; defect formation ID CATION DISORDER; MGAL2O4 SPINEL; IRRADIATION; PARAMETER; TOLERANCE AB The radiation response of perfect crystals of MgAl2O4, partially inverted MgGa2O4 and fully inverse MgIn2O4 were investigated using molecular dynamics. Dynamical cascades were initiated in these spinels over a range of trajectories with energies of 400 eV and 2 keV for the primary knock-on event. Collision cascades were set up on each of the cation and anion sublattices and were monitored up to 10 ps. Simulations in the normal MgAl2O4 spinel for the 2 keV energy regime resulted in similar defect structures as obtained at the post-threshold 400 eV energies, with little clustering occurring. The predominant defect configurations were split interstitials and cation antisites. For the inverse spinels, a much wider variety of lattice imperfections was observed. More defects were also produced due to the formation of interstitial-vacancy cation chains and oxygen crowdions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Bacorisen, D (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM d.Bacorisen@lboro.ac.uk RI Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.081 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500008 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C AF Devanathan, R. Corrales, L. R. Weber, W. J. Chartier, A. Meis, C. TI Atomistic simulation of collision cascades in zircon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE molecular dynamics; radiation damage; zircon; nuclear waste disposal ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DEFECT PRODUCTION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; THORITE; PHASE AB Defect production in energetic collision cascades in zircon has been studied by molecular dynamics simulation using a partial charge model combined with the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential. Energy dissipation, defect accumulation, Si-O-Si polymerization and Zr coordination number were examined for 10 keV and 30 keV U recoils simulated in the constant NVE ensemble. For both energies an amorphous core was produced with features similar to that of melt quenched zircon. Disordered Si ions in this core were polymerized with an average degree of polymerization of 1.5, while disordered Zr ions showed a coordination number of about 6 in agreement with EXAFS results. These results suggest that nano-scale phase separation into silica- and zirconia-rich regions occurs in the amorphous core. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.109 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500009 ER PT J AU Gao, F Devanathan, R Oda, T Weber, WJ AF Gao, Fei Devanathan, Ram Oda, Takuji Weber, William J. TI Development of partial-charge potential for GaN SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE potential development; phase transition; computer simulation; GaN ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; SIMULATION; STABILITY; DEFECTS; INN AB Partial-charged potentials for GaN are systematically developed that describe a wide range of structural properties, where the reference data for fitting the potential parameters are taken from ab initial calculations or experiments. The present potential model provides a good fit to different structural geometries and high pressure phases of GaN. The high-pressure transition from wurtzite to rock-salt structure is correctly predicted yielding the phase transition pressure of about 55 GPa, and the calculated volume change at the transition is in good agreement with experimental data. The results are compared with those obtained by ab initio simulations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Quantum Engn, Tokyo 1135686, Japan. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pni.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.082 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500010 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Grove, DA Jensen, J Possnert, G AF Zhang, Y. Weber, W. J. Grove, D. A. Jensen, J. Possnert, G. TI Electronic stopping powers for heavy ions in niobium and tantalum pentoxides SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE electronic stopping powers; energy loss; swift heavy ions; compounds ID OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-PARTICLES; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS; SWIFT IONS; POLYCARBONATE; SILICON; MYLAR; HAVAR AB Electronic energy loss is the fundamental mechanism accountable for the response of materials to swift heavy ions that drives many new applications. Due to experimental difficulties in preparing and handling compound targets for energy-loss measurements, stopping data in compounds are limited. The electronic stopping power of He, Li, Be and O ions in self-supporting foils of niobium and tantalum pentoxides (Nb2O5 and Ta2O5) have been measured in transmission over a continuous range of energies. The measured stopping powers are compared with theoretical predictions based on the SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) code. In general, the predicted values are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. However, significant deviations are observed in some cases, particularly around the stopping maximum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Luxel Corp, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Uppsala Univ, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.148 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500013 ER PT J AU Lian, J Weber, WJ Jiang, W Wang, LM Boatner, LA Ewing, RC AF Lian, Jie Weber, W. J. Jiang, W. Wang, L. M. Boatner, L. A. Ewing, R. C. TI Radiation-induced effects in pyrochlores and nanoscale materials engineering SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab ID ION-BEAM IRRADIATION; NUCLEAR-WASTE-DISPOSAL; CROSS-SECTIONAL TEM; PLUTONIUM DISPOSITION; TITANATE-PYROCHLORES; OXIDE PYROCHLORES; GD2TI2O7; IMMOBILIZATION; DISORDER; FORM AB Pyrochlore materials, A(2)B(2)O(7), encompass a wide range of compositions and are technologically important for energy and environmental issues. For example, they may be used as ionic conductors in solid oxide fuel cells or nuclear waste forms for the storage of actinides, particularly Pu. Here, the recent progress in understanding ion beam irradiation-induced phenomena in pyrochlore compounds is briefly reviewed with a focus on the ion beam-induced crystalline-to-amorphous and pyrochlore-to-fluorite structural transitions. Systematic ion irradiation studies of lanthanide pyrochlores with B = Ti, Zr and Sn have indicated that the radiation response of the pyrochlore compounds is highly dependent on compositional changes. Both the ionic size and cation electronic configurations (e.g. bond-types) affect the structural distortion from the ideal fluorite structure and thus the response of pyrochlore-structure types to ion beam irradiation. An ion beam-induced pyrochlore-to-fluorite structural transition occurs in all irradiated pyrochlore compositions, and the independent kinetics of the cation and anion disordering processes has been discussed. Numerous novel nanostructures have been created by utilizing the ion beam-induced amorphization, order-disorder transition and phase decomposition, such as amorphous and disordered nanodomains, perfectly lattice matched two-dimensional nanolayers, self-organized ripple structures, metallic nanoparticles and nanowires. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1100 N Univ Ave,2534 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.157 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500026 ER PT J AU Tang, M Lu, P Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE AF Tang, M. Lu, P. Valdez, J. A. Sickafus, K. E. TI Heavy ion irradiation effects in the rare-earth sesquioxide Dy2O3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ion irradiation; ceramic oxides; phase transformation; TEM ID HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ZIRCONIA; TEMPERATURE AB Polycrystalline pellets of the rare-earth sesquioxide Dy2O3 with cubic C-type rare-earth structure were irradiated with 300 keV Kr2+ ions at fluences up to 5 x 10(20) Kr/m(2) at cryogenic temperature. Irradiation-induced microstructural evolution is characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In previous work, we found a phase transformation from a cubic, C-type (Ia3) to a monoclinic, B-type (C2/m) rare-earth structure in Dy2O3 during Kr2+ ion irradiation at a fluence of less than 1 x 10(20) Kr/m(2). In this study, we find that the crystal structure of the top and middle regions of the implanted layer transform to a hexagonal, H-type (P63/mmc) rare-earth structure when the irradiation fluence is increased to 5 x 10(20) Kr/m(2); the bottom of the implanted layer, on the other hand, remains in a monoclinic phase. The irradiation dose dependence of the C-to-B-to-H phase transformation observed in Dy2O3 appears to be closely related to the temperature and pressure dependence of the phases observed in the phase diagram. These transformations are also accompanied by a decrease in molecular volume (or density increase) of approximately 9% and 8%, respectively, which is an unusual radiation damage behavior. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.097 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500028 ER PT J AU Valdez, JA Tang, M Sickafus, KE AF Valdez, J. A. Tang, M. Sickafus, K. E. TI Radiation damage effects in delta-Sc4Zr3O12 irradiated with Kr2+ ions under cryogenic conditions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ion irradiation; ceramic oxides; fluorite; phase transformation ID ZIRCONIA AB Radiation damage effects in polycrystalline pellets of the oxide Sc4Zr3O12 irradiated with 300 keV Kr2+ ions were studied by combining grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Kr2+ ion irradiations were performed to a maximum fluence of 3 x 10(20) Kr m(-2) at cryogenic temperature (100 K). GIXRD and cross-sectional TEM observations revealed that the crystal structure of the irradiated Sc4Zr3O12 was unchanged by irradiation to a dose of similar to 23 displacements per atom (dpa). However, by a dose of similar to 70 dpa, much of the irradiated Sc4Zr3O12 experienced an order-to-disorder transformation. The structure of pristine Sc4Zr3O12 possesses rhombohedral symmetry and is referred to as the delta (delta) phase. However, this rhombohedral structure is closely related to the cubic fluorite structure. Following high dose ion irradiation the delta-Sc4Zr3O12 experienced a rhombohedral-to-cubic transformation. This transformation is discussed in terms of a new, layered atom description for compounds with the delta-Sc4Zr3O12 structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.098 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500029 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Young, JS Boatner, LA Lian, J Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Jiang, W. Weber, W. J. Young, J. S. Boatner, L. A. Lian, J. Wang, L. M. Ewing, R. C. TI Irradiation-induced nanostructures in cadmium niobate pyrochlores SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ion irradiation; decomposition; nanostructures; pyrochlores ID HYDROGEN IMPLANTATION; ION IRRADIATION; NANOWIRES; SILICON; GROWTH AB This paper reports the formation processes of crystalline Cd nanostructures on ion-cut surfaces of cadmium niobate pyrochlores (Cd2Nb2O7). Irradiation with 3 MeV He+ ions has been performed at low temperatures (<= 295 K) to induce material decomposition and aggregation of host atoms. The irradiation also leads to surface exfoliation due to rupture of gas (He and O-2) filled blisters. Nanoparticles and nanowires are observed on the ion-cut surfaces at low and higher doses, respectively. These structures are examined and characterized using a suite of experimental tools. Both the particles and wires are found to be single crystals that primarily consist of metallic Cd. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.106 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500037 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Thompson, JD Wang, Y Misra, A Schulze, RK Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, L. G. Thompson, J. D. Wang, Y. Misra, A. Schulze, R. K. Nastasi, M. TI Effects of ion irradiation on cobalt nanocomposite SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE nanocomposite; cobalt; ion irradiation; magnetic properties ID COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; POROUS SILICON; NANOCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION AB The effects of ion irradiation of 3-dimensional arrays of Co nanoparticles were investigated. Arrays were obtained by electron beam deposition of 15 Co/SiO2 bilayers 0.5 and 20 nm thick, respectively. The Co layers consist of Co nanoparticles 3.2 nm in diameter with a standard deviation of 16%. Irradiation was carried out using combinations of 150 kV Ar2+ and 90 kV Ar+ ion bombardments with a Ar+:Ar2+ fluence ratio of 1:4. The effects of ion irradiation were followed by Rutherford backscattering, measurements of hysteresis loops at 5 K and of temperature-dependent field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) measurements of the magnetic susceptibility. A decrease of the peak temperature in the ZFC curve for displacements per atom (DPA) up to 1.1 was observed. Irradiation also induces progressively lower coercivity values. The Co particles showed a remarkable high resistance to ion irradiation, surviving damage up to 33 DPA. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST-8 G755,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903; Schulze, Roland/0000-0002-6601-817X NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.110 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500040 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Hembree, CE Van Ginhoven, RM Schultz, PA AF Hjalmarson, H. P. Pease, R. L. Hembree, C. E. Van Ginhoven, R. M. Schultz, P. A. TI Dose-rate dependence of radiation induced interface trap density in silicon bipolar transistors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE silicon dioxide; ionizing radiation; hydrogen; interface traps; fixed charge; ELDRS ID LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RATE SENSITIVITY; BASE OXIDES; STATES; SIO2; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; BUILDUP; DEVICES; CHARGE AB The key effects of ionizing radiation on silicon dioxide are described and computed. Inclusion of bimolecular electron-hole recombination is shown to produce a saturation of fixed charge at high total dose and to a reduction in interface trap density at high dose-rates. These results can explain the enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) phenomenon. These results also predict a new dose-rate dependence at very high dose rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1110,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hphjalm@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.122 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500054 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Hjalmarson, HP Edwards, AH Tuttle, BR AF Van Ginhoven, R. M. Hjalmarson, H. P. Edwards, A. H. Tuttle, B. R. TI Hydrogen release in SiO2: Source sites and release mechanisms SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE silicon dioxide; DFT; radiation effects; hydrogen; amorphous silica ID CENTERS; SILICA; H-2; H+; MOBILITY; CRACKING; DEFECTS; E' AB We investigate molecular scale mechanisms for radiation-induced release of hydrogen from precursor sites using density functional theory applied to a fully periodic model of SiO2. We focus on proton release from H-decorated oxygen vacancies in the bulk oxide. After hole-capture at the vacancy, a proton can hop to an energetically favorable bound state at a neighboring oxygen atom. In a-quartz, this release mechanism has an activation energy of about 1.2 eV. In amorphous silica, this hop has a range of low barriers, from 0.1 to 0.5 eV. Furthermore, another proton release mechanism involves cracking of H-2 molecules by a reaction with an isolated, positively charged Sidangling bond. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. AF Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Penn State Univ, Erie, PA 16563 USA. RP Van Ginhoven, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1110,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmvangi@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.123 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500055 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Jung, HS Valdez, JA Hundley, MF Thompson, JD Sickafus, KE Nastasi, M Hamby, DW Lucca, DA AF Lee, J. -K. Jung, H. S. Valdez, J. A. Hundley, M. F. Thompson, J. D. Sickafus, K. E. Nastasi, M. Hamby, D. W. Lucca, D. A. TI Room temperature ferromagnetism of Co doped TiO2 using ion implantation and defect engineering SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ferromagnetic semiconductor; ion implantation; TiO2 ID ANATASE AB Ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors obtained by doping ferromagnetic elements into a nonmagnetic semiconductor matrix are essential for the second generation of spintronics devices. In this study, we investigate Co doping behavior and subsequent magnetic properties in Co implanted and thermally annealed TiO2. In TiO2 single crystals, a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure during thermal annealing is found to enhance the Co substitutional fraction by increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic properties determined from superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID) measurements show that TiO2 crystals with a large fraction of substitutional Co are ferromagnetic at room temperature. In addition to single crystals, the feasibility of Co doping via ion implantation is studied in sol-gel synthesized TiO2 thin films. Results from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) show that the implantation can produce Co doped TiO2 thin films and that the Co incorporation into Ti lattice site accompanies the transition from rutile to anatase phase. These results show that ion beam synthesis is a useful tool for producing ferromagnetic TiO2 with a high Curie temperature (Tc). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov RI Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.171 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500056 ER PT J AU Naito, M Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE AF Naito, Muneyuki Ishimaru, Manabu Hirotsu, Yoshihiko Valdez, James A. Sickafus, Kurt E. TI Structural characterization of amorphous Fe-Si and its recrystallized layers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE iron silicides; amorphous; electron diffraction; atomic pair-distribution function ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BETA-FESI2; SILICON; PHASE; FILMS; DIFFRACTION AB We have synthesized amorphous Fe-Si thin layers and investigated their microstructure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Si single crystals with (111) orientation were irradiated with 120 keV Fe+ ions to a fluence of 4.0 x 10(17) cm(-2) at cryogenic temperature (120 K), followed by thermal annealing at 1073 K for 2 h. A continuous amorphous layer with a bilayered structure was formed on the topmost layer of the Si substrate in the as-implanted specimen: the upper layer was an amorphous Fe-Si, while the lower one was an amorphous Si. After annealing, the amorphous bilayer crystallized into a continuous beta-FeSi2 thin layer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Naito, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM naito22@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.124 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500057 ER PT J AU Omae, K Bae, IT Naito, M Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE AF Omae, Keisuke Bae, In-Tae Naito, Muneyuki Ishimaru, Manabu Hirotsu, Yoshihiko Valdez, James A. Sickafus, Kurt E. TI Structural evolution in Fe ion implanted Si upon thermal annealing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE silicides; transmission electron microscopy; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ID BEAM-SYNTHESIZED BETA-FESI2; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PHASE AB We have performed high-dose Fe ion implantation into Si and characterized ion-beam-induced microstructures as well as annealing-induced ones using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Single crystals of Si(I 0 0) substrate were irradiated at 623 K with 120 keV Fe+ ions to a fluence of 4 x 10(17) cm(-2). The irradiated samples were then annealed in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging from 773 K to 1073 K. Cross-sectional TEM observations and GIXRD measurements revealed that a layered structure is formed in the as-implanted specimen with epsilon-FeSi, beta-FeSi2 and damaged Si, as component layers. A continuous beta-FeSi2 layer was formed on the topmost layer of the Si substrate after thermal annealing. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. EM ishimaru@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.127 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500061 ER PT J AU Bae, IT Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y AF Bae, In-Tae Ishimaru, Manabu Hirotsu, Yoshihiko TI Structural changes of SiC under electron-beam irradiation: Temperature dependence SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE silicon carbide; amorphization; transmission electron microscopy; electron irradiation; crystalline silicon ID AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; INDUCED CRYSTALLINE; DEFECT PRODUCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Electron-beam-irradiation effects on silicon carbide (SiC) was investigated as a function of the irradiated temperatures. Single crystalline 6H-SiC was irradiated with 300 kV electrons at temperatures ranging from -170 to 250 degrees C. It was found that amorphous SiC is induced at -170 degrees C and room temperature, while crystalline Si is formed at 250 degrees C with a high electron fluence. It is considered that preferential knock-on displacement of C atoms and damage recovery play an important role in the formation of the amorphous SiC and crystalline Si. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RP Bae, IT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM intae.bae@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.130 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500064 ER PT J AU Fudamoto, Y Renk, TJ Torres, GA Kishimoto, N AF Fudamoto, Y. Renk, T. J. Torres, G. A. Kishimoto, N. TI Superconductivity in MgB2 films synthesized by ablation from high-power ion beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ion ablation; superconductivity; magnesium diboride ID THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION AB MgB2 thin films with T-c = 19 K were fabricated by the ion ablation technique utilizing a high-energy pulsed ion beam. A target remains pure MgB2 after ablation, proving the excellent capability of ablation by the high-power ion beam. Chemical compositions of the deposited material, however, may vary with positions of the substrates from the beam axis. X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit only (0 0 1) and (0 0 2) peaks, which indicate a c-axis orientation of the films. Scanning electron microscopy images show a possible growth of single crystals with hexagonal shape and I mu m size. (c) 2006 Elsevier 13N. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Quantum Beam Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kishimoto, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Quantum Beam Ctr, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. EM KISHIMOTO.Naoki@nims.go.jp NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.131 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500065 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Caceres, D Vergara, I AF Gonzalez, R. Chen, Y. Caceres, D. Vergara, I. TI Impurity effects in neutron-irradiated simple oxides: Implications for fusion devices SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE nanoindentation; neutron irradiation; defects; MgO ID ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; TRANSMISSION-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MGO SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DOPED MGO; HYDROGEN; CENTERS; CONDUCTIVITY AB Radiation damage induced by neutron irradiation was studied in undoped MgO crystals and in MgO doped with either iron, hydrogen or lithium impurities. The oxygen-vacancy concentration produced by irradiation increases with neutron fluence. The net production rates resulting from irradiations with 14.8 MeV neutrons are about twice those produced by fission neutrons. In nominally pure crystals, the oxygen-vacancy concentration incurred by the fission-neutron irradiation is higher in crystals with a larger number of inherent impurities (such as iron) due to trapping of interstitials by impurities. Suppression of these defects is observed in MgO:H crystals and attributed to migration of oxygen vacancies to microcavities filled with H-2 gas. In MgO:Li crystals irradiated with neutron fluences below 10(18) n/cm(2), Most of the oxygen vacancies are camouflaged as hydride ions. Nanoindentation experiments show that hardness increases with neutron fluence and is independent of the presence of lithium in the crystal. Comparison between a neutron-irradiated and a thermochernically reduced crystal containing similar concentrations of oxygen vacancies shows that 70% of the neutron-irradiation hardening is produced by interstitials, 30% by oxygen vacancies and a negligible amount by higher-order point defects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Escuela Politecn Super, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Escuela Politecn Super, Avda Univ,30, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain. EM rgonza@fis.uc3m.es NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.132 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500066 ER PT J AU Wetteland, CJ Gosnell, G Hollander, MG Tesmer, JR Mooday, R Wang, YQ AF Wetteland, C. J. Gosnell, G. Hollander, M. G. Tesmer, J. R. Mooday, R. Wang, Y. Q. TI Ion beam irradiation of polytetrafluroethylene-loaded polyetheretherketone SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2005) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2005 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE alpha particle irradiation; PTFE; PEEK; volatile emission; radiolysis ID POLYETHYLENE; RADIOLYSIS AB Experiments were performed to study the radiation tolerance and mechanical stability of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exposed to alpha particle radiation. Accelerator generated alpha beams were used to provide the extreme upper limit for the radiation environment of actinide sources where the polymer is employed in real applications. Before irradiation, a simplistic approach was used to determine possible exposures/doses a polymer could receive from a variety of actinides. Volatile gas emission from the polymer as a result of alpha radiolysis was measured by a quadruple mass spectrometer. Mechanical properties of irradiated polymer were measured to assure the robustness of the product in radiation environments. Results of all measurements indicate that PEEK performs excellently in alpha particle radiation environments. Volatile fragments generated from the polymer during alpha radiolysis are not observed to interact with nearby reactive metals such as actinides themselves to form undesirable compounds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yqwang@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 2006 VL 250 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.145 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 075KJ UT WOS:000239883500080 ER PT J AU Harris, DA AF Harris, D. A. TI Systematic errors in long baseline oscillation experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Okayama, JAPAN ID NEUTRINO BEAM; DETECTOR AB This article gives a brief overview of long baseline neutrino experiments and their goals, and then describes the different kinds of systematic errors that are encountered in these experiments. Particular attention is paid to the uncertainties that come about because of imperfect knowledge of neutrino cross sections and more generally how neutrinos interact in nuclei. Near detectors are planned for most of these experiments, and the extent to which certain uncertainties can be reduced by the presence of near detectors is also discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Harris, DA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 159 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.021 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 103GT UT WOS:000241874400003 ER PT J AU Bradford, R Bodek, A Budd, H Arrington, J AF Bradford, R. Bodek, A. Budd, H. Arrington, J. TI A new parameterization of the nucleon elastic form factors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Okayama, JAPAN AB The nucleon elastic form factors are generally interpreted as a mapping of the charge and magnetic current distributions of the proton and neutron. New high Q(2) measurements have opened up fundamental questions about G,p that remain to be answered. This talk will summarize current developments surrounding the nucleon form factors and explain why they are important to neutrino physicists. New parameterizations of the nucleon form factors, suitable for use by neutrino physicists, will be introduced and discussed. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, New Rochelle, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bradford, R (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, New Rochelle, NY 14627 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 14 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 159 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.028 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 103GT UT WOS:000241874400022 ER PT J AU Sato, T Szczerbinska, B Kubodera, K Lee, TSH AF Sato, T. Szczerbinska, B. Kubodera, K. Lee, T. -S. H. TI Dynamical model of electroweak pion production in the resonance region SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Okayama, JAPAN ID NUCLEI; DELTA(1232); SCATTERING; DEUTERIUM AB In this report, we will briefly review the dynamical model of pion electroweak production reactions in the A resonance region and report on our study of neutrino-nucleus reactions based on this model. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 159 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.030 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 103GT UT WOS:000241874400024 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W. TI Resonance-DIS transition and low Q(2) phenomena SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Okayama, JAPAN ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; SCATTERING; NUCLEON AB Recent analyses of electromagnetic structure functions in the resonance region suggest that duality-violating higher twists are small above Q(2) similar to 1 GeV2. We review duality at the resonance-scaling transition, both phenomenologically and in the context of a simple quark model. While most studies have focussed on electromagnetic probes, we also discuss expectations for the workings of duality in neutrino scattering. Finally, we describe the transition of the structure functions to the photoproduction limit at Q(2) = 0. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 159 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.031 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 103GT UT WOS:000241874400025 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, Thomas E. TI Power iteration method for the several largest eigenvalues and eigenfunctions SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD AB A method for simultaneously obtaining the two largest eigenvalues and their associated eigenfunctions is demonstrated mathematically and empirically. The method uses estimates of the eigenvalue in two different regions rather than the single estimate traditionally used. The method can be generalized to obtain the several largest eigenfunctions, if those are desired as well. Additionally, it is shown that using multiple estimates of the eigenvalues accelerates the convergence of the eigenfunctions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM teb@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 154 IS 1 BP 48 EP 62 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 080SK UT WOS:000240268100003 ER PT J AU Cherepy, NJ Sanner, RD AF Cherepy, Nerine J. Sanner, Robert D. TI Synthesis and optical properties of photochromic perinaphthothioindigo SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photochromism; fluorescence data storage; fluorescence imaging; photochromic materials ID CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; THIOINDIGOID DYES; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOISOMERIZATION AB (1,2-naphtho)(1,8-naphtho)thioindigo (PNT) has been synthesized following a simple Friedel-Crafts route and its photochemical properties in toluene and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have been characterized. PNT is a photochromic molecule capable of reversible photoisomerization between a yellow form (cis-PNT, lambda(max) = 484 nm) and a purple form (trans-PNT, lambda(max) = 595 nm). The stable purple form converts to the yellow form with a trans-PNT to cis-PNT conversion quantum yield of 0.027 in toluene and 0.062 in PMMA. The unstable yellow form exhibits a cis-PNT to trans-PNT quantum efficiency of conversion of 0.27-0.85 in toluene and 0.17-0.68 PMMA, with highest conversion efficiency occurring in the vicinity Of its lambda(max) of 484 nm. trans-PNT has a strong fluorescence quantum yield, 0.14 (toluene) and 0.16 (PMMA). For samples prepared photochemically in the cis-PNT form, slow thermal relaxation to the trans form occurs in the dark, with a half life of about 17 h in toluene (25 degrees C) and even slower, 168 h, in PMMA. The property of photo-switching between fluorescent and non-fluorescent forms makes this material a candidate for many applications in imaging and data storage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, MS L-091, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cherepy1@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1350 EP 1354 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2005.08.021 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 075SA UT WOS:000239904300005 ER PT J AU Romero, V Chen, CH AF Romero, Vicente Chen, Chun-Hung TI Editorial: Special issue on optimization under uncertainty SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Model Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. George Mason Univ, Dept Syst Engn & Operat Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Romero, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Model Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s11081-006-9969-4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 106MF UT WOS:000242103900001 ER PT J AU Romero, VJ Ayon, DV Chen, CH AF Romero, Vicente J. Ayon, Doug V. Chen, Chun-Hung TI Demonstration of probabilistic ordinal optimization concepts for continuous-variable optimization under uncertainty SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Anlysis (ISUMA 03) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD HO Univ Maryland DE Optimization under uncertainty; Probabilistic ordinal optimization ID PATTERN SEARCH; CONVERGENCE AB A very general and robust approach to solving optimization problems involving probabilistic uncertainty is through the use of Probabilistic Ordinal Optimization. At each step in the optimization problem, improvement is based only on a relative ranking of the probabilistic merits of local design alternatives, rather than on precise quantification of the alternatives. Thus, we simply ask the question: "Is that alternative better or worse than this one?" to some level of statistical confidence we require, not: "HOW MUCH better or worse is that alternative to this one?". In this paper we illustrate an elementary application of probabilistic ordinal concepts in a 2-D optimization problem. Two uncertain variables contribute to uncertainty in the response function. We use a simple Coordinate Pattern Search non-gradient-based optimizer to step toward the statistical optimum in the design space. We also discuss more sophisticated implementations, and some of the advantages and disadvantages versus other approaches to optimization under uncertainty. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Syst Engn & Operat Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Romero, VJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 343 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s11081-006-9978-3 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 106MF UT WOS:000242103900008 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B AF Rutherford, Brian TI A response-modeling approach to global optimization and OUU SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Anlysis (ISUMA 03) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD HO Univ Maryland DE Global optimization; Computer modeling; Experimental design; Uncertainty quantification; Optimization under uncertainty; Response-modeling ID COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS AB The general problem considered is an optimization problem involving selecting design parameters that yield an optimal response. We assume some initial response data are available and further experimentation (physical experiments and/or computer simulations) are to be used to obtain more information. We assume further that resources and system complexity together restrict the number of experiments or simulations that can be performed. Consequently, levels of the design parameters used in the simulations must be selected in a way that will efficiently approximate the optimal design 'location' and the optimal value. This paper describes an algorithmic 'response-modeling' approach for performing this selection. The algorithm is demonstrated using a simple analytical surface and is applied to two additional problems that have been addressed in the literature for comparison with other approaches. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 7 IS 3 BP 367 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s11081-006-9979-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 106MF UT WOS:000242103900009 ER PT J AU Dennis, DA AF Dennis, Douglas A. TI Trends in total knee arthroplasty SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; FOLLOW-UP; REPLACEMENT; KINEMATICS; EXPERIENCE; COMPONENTS; NAVIGATION; STRESSES; DESIGNS; INSERT AB The success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over the past two decades of use has resulted in the implantation of TKA into younger patients who have increased functional requirements and demand increased implant longevity. Improved functional performance requires enhanced range of motion, increased motor performance, and creation of kinematic patterns that more closely resemble the normal knee. Increased longevity necessitates more durable implant fixation, improvements in bearing materials, and lower polyethylene stresses. Considerations to reduce polyethylene wear included increased cross-linking, improved femoral component surface finish, better modular tibial locking mechanisms, and the use of mobile-bearing TKA designs that allow increased implant conformity and reduced contact stresses without increasing loads transmitted to the fixation interface. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Musculoskeletal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Rocky Mt Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Dennis, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 SU S BP S13 EP S16 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 093VF UT WOS:000241197700003 PM 17002141 ER PT J AU Dennis, DA AF Dennis, Douglas A. TI Rotating-platform knees: Demonstrating advancements in total knee arthroplasty - Foreword SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID KINEMATICS C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Musculoskeletal Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Rocky Mt Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Dennis, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 093VF UT WOS:000241197700001 ER PT J AU Sahoo, B Adeagbo, WA Stromberg, F Keune, W Schuster, E Peters, R Entel, P Luttjohann, S Gondorf, A Sturhahn, W Zhao, J Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Sahoo, B. Adeagbo, W. A. Stromberg, F. Keune, W. Schuster, E. Peters, R. Entel, P. Luettjohann, S. Gondorf, A. Sturhahn, W. Zhao, J. Toellner, T. S. Alp, E. E. TI Electronic transport and atomic vibrational properties of semiconducting (Mg2Sn)-Sn-119 thin film SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Structure and Dynamics on the Nanometer Scale (SDNS) CY NOV 10-13, 2005 CL Tech Ctr, Duisburg, GERMANY HO Tech Ctr DE Mg2Sn film; Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy; Hall effect; infrared spectroscopy; nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; phonon density of states; ab-initio calculation ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; MAGNESIUM STANNIDE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MG2SN; CRYSTALLINE; PIEZORESISTANCE AB A polycrystalline Mg2Sn thin film has been prepared by thermal co-evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum of Mg and Sn onto a naturally oxidized Si(100) substrate at -140 degrees C. The structure of the sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Sn-119 conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). The semiconducting property of the Mg2Sn thin film was confirmed by electrical resistance, magnetoresistance, Hall-effect and infrared spectroscopy measurements, and a value of similar to 0.2eV was found for the electronic gap energy. The Sn-119-projected partial vibrational density of states (VDOS), g(E), has been measured by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) of 23.878 keV synchrotron radiation. Together with g(E), other thermodynamic quantities such as the probability of recoilless absorption (f-factor), the average kinetic energy per Sri atom, the average force constant, and the vibrational entropy per Sri atom are obtained. The partial VDOS of both elements (Mg and Sn) has been calculated theoretically and reasonable agreement with the measured Sn-119-projected VDOS is observed. g(E) is characterized by a phonon energy gap ranging from similar to 17 to similar to 21 meV. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, Dept Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sahoo, B (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Dept Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM balaram_sahoo@uni-duisburg.de RI Sahoo, Balaram/E-4828-2011 OI Sahoo, Balaram/0000-0002-2050-4746 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 79 IS 9-10 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1080/01411590600961099 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 126HA UT WOS:000243502200015 ER PT J AU Bulatov, VV Cai, W Baran, R Kang, K AF Bulatov, VV Cai, W Baran, R Kang, K TI Geometric aspects of the ideal shear resistance in simple crystal lattices SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS; DISLOCATION CORE; STACKING-FAULTS AB We present and analyze results of a large series of atomistic calculations of crystal resistance to shearing along rational planes of different orientations. The data computed for bcc and fcc crystals suggests that the interplanar spacing, d, is not a pertinent scaling parameter for the ideal shear resistance and that instead, plane orientation angle, theta, is a more appropriate predictor of the resistance variations among crystal planes in the same crystallographic zone. By counting the interatomic bonds reaching across the shear plane, we obtain interpolation functions that accurately match the computed resistances in the whole range of plane orientations. Entirely defined by the lattice symmetries and geometry, the interpolation functions are universal for a given crystallographic class of materials. Within a given class, material specificity of the shear resistance is accounted for with just a few scaling parameters entering the interpolation functions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Bulatov, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bulatov1@llnl.gov OI Kang, Keonwook/0000-0002-8428-8288 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 25-26 BP 3847 EP 3859 DI 10.1080/14786430600643282 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 057AN UT WOS:000238567000005 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN Rong, Z AF Bacon, D. J. Osetsky, Y. N. Rong, Z. TI Computer simulation of reactions between an edge dislocation and glissile self-interstitial clusters in iron SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BCC IRON; TENSILE PROPERTIES; IRRADIATED METALS; DEFECT CLUSTERS; ALPHA-IRON; LOOPS; FE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MIGRATION AB Clusters of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) are formed in metals by high-energy displacement cascades, often in the form of small dislocation loops with a perfect Burgers vector, b. Atomic-scale computer simulation is used here to investigate their reaction with an edge dislocation gliding in alpha-iron under stress for the situation where b is inclined to the dislocation slip plane. The b of small loops ( 37 SIAs here) changes spontaneously and the interstitials are absorbed as a pair of superjogs. The line glides forward at critical stress tau(c) when one or more vacancies are created and the jogs adopt a glissile form. A large loop ( 331 SIAs here) reacts spontaneously with the dislocation to form a segment with b 100 hi, which is sessile on the dislocation slip plane, and as applied stress increases the dislocation side arms are pulled into screw orientation. At low temperature (100 K), the < 100 > segment remains sessile and the dislocation eventually breaks free when the screw dipole arms cross-slip and annihilate. At 300 K and above, the segment can glide across the loop and transform it into a pair of superjogs, which become glissile at tau(c). Small loops are weaker obstacles than voids with a similar number of vacancies, large loops are stronger. Irrespective of size, the interaction processes leading to superjogs are efficient for absorption of SIA clusters from slip bands, an effect observed in flow localization. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM djbacon@liv.ac.uk OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 25-26 BP 3921 EP 3936 DI 10.1080/14786430600570527 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 057AN UT WOS:000238567000008 ER PT J AU Ge, D Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Ge, D Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW TI Size effects in the nanoindentation of silicon at ambient temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; PLASTICITY; STRAIN; AL AB The work reported here was undertaken to explore an interesting "size effect'' in the nanoindentation of Si. Flat-topped wedges of Si were etched from single crystal wafers and indented with a three-sided pyramidal Berkovich tip with a 120nm radius. The widths of the flats varied from 100 mm to 100 nm. Samples of width >= 1.6 mm were indented under load control to a load of 20 mN. Those with widths >= 1.6 mm were indented to a load of 1 mN. The indentation of thicker specimens is accomplished by transformation-induced plasticity, as reported in prior work. On indentation Si transforms to metallic Sn-II; during relaxation it transforms either to an ultrafine-grained mixture of the Si-III and Si-XII phases (with a pop-out in the load-deflection curve) or to amorphous Si (creating a knee in the curve). A small dislocated field appears at the interface between the metastable phase volume and the Si. As the sample thickness decreases to the indentation size, dislocation plasticity becomes more important. A pop-in appears in the loading curve, slip traces appear on the sample surface, and the dislocated region within the specimen becomes larger. At sufficiently small sample width (similar to 100 nm) phase transformations disappear and the sample deforms by classic dislocation plasticity ( as we observed previously in in situ studies). The change in mechanism is due to the relative ease of nucleating dislocations in the thin sample, which is believed to be a consequence of the change in the indentation stress field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwmorris@berkeley.edu RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 25-26 BP 4069 EP 4080 DI 10.1080/14786430600586507 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 057AN UT WOS:000238567000018 ER PT J AU Argon, AS Demkowicz, MJ AF Argon, AS Demkowicz, MJ TI Atomistic simulation and analysis of plasticity in amorphous silicon SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALLIC GLASSES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DEFORMATION; POLYMERS; MODEL; FLOW; 4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; POLYCARBONATE; TRANSITION AB The principal findings of a comprehensive computational simulation of plastic flow in amorphous Si - presented elsewhere in detail - are summarized. The unit plastic events have been identified to consist of discrete shear transformations triggered at characteristic thresholds of stress that result in transformation shear strains of about 0.015. Based on these findings, a kinetic model of plastic flow is proposed that provides for the temperature dependence of the plastic flow resistance and explains the evolution of a unique flow state starting from different amorphous structures. It is proposed that these findings should be broadly applicable to other strongly bonded glassy covalent compounds. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Argon, AS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Room 1-306, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM argon@mit.edu NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 25-26 BP 4153 EP 4172 DI 10.1080/14786430600596852 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 057AN UT WOS:000238567000023 ER PT J AU Seedahmed, GH AF Seedahmed, Gamal H. TI Direct retrieval of exterior orientation parameters using a 2D projective transformation SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORD LA English DT Article DE coplanar points; direct linear transformation; exterior orientation parameters; matrix factorisation; 2D projective transformation ID CALIBRATION METHOD; RECONSTRUCTION; DLT AB Direct solutions are very attractive because they obviate the need for initial approximations associated with non-linear solutions. The direct linear transformation (DLT) establishes itself as a method of choice for direct solutions in photogrammetry and other fields. The use of the DLT with coplanar object space points leads to a rank deficient model. This rank deficient model leaves the DLT defined up to a 2D projective transformation, which makes the direct retrieval of the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) a non-trivial task. This paper presents a novel direct algorithm to retrieve the EOPs from the 2D projective transformation. It is based on a direct relationship between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model using homogenous coordinates. This representation offers a direct matrix correspondence between the 2D projective transformation parameters and the collinearity model parameters. This correspondence lends itself to a direct matrix factorisation to retrieve the EOPs. An important step in the proposed algorithm is a normalisation process that provides the actual link between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model. This paper explains the theoretical basis of the proposed algorithm as well as the necessary steps for its practical implementation. In addition, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its validity. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Seedahmed, GH (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Gamal.Seedahmed@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-868X J9 PHOTOGRAMM REC JI Photogramm. Rec. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 115 BP 211 EP 231 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 071ST UT WOS:000239623000003 ER PT J AU Nie, JL Xiao, HY Zu, XT Gao, F AF Nie, J. L. Xiao, H. Y. Zu, X. T. Gao, Fei TI Atomic and electronic structures of the Rb-C(100) chemisorption system SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE first-principles calculations; diamond; rubidium; work function ID DIAMOND C(100) SURFACES; AB-INITIO; SI(001)2X1-K SURFACE; ADSORBED STATES; X-1) SURFACE; DOUBLE-LAYER; ADSORPTION; POTASSIUM; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB First-principles calculations based on DFT-GGA method have been performed on Rb adsorption on C(100)(2 x 1) surface. The optimized geometries, adsorption energies have been obtained and the preferred binding sites have been determined for the coverage (Theta) of one monolayer and half a monolayer. The calculated results have shown that Rb adsorbate preferred to occupy valley-bridge sites at the coverage of 0.5 ML. At higher coverage of 1 ML, two Rb adsorbates were found to reside in pedestal site and valley-bridge site, respectively. It was also found that when Rb was adsorbed on C(100)(2 x 1) surface the work function decreases linearly with increasing coverage and reaches a minimum at Theta = 0.5 ML, at higher coverage, the work function is increased again, which may be caused by depolarization effect of the adsorbate: The adsorption behavior was found to be similar to that of Rb on Si(001) and Ge(001) surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com; orxtzu@uestc.edu.cn RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 383 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2006.03.015 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 078FP UT WOS:000240088000009 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, T Spagnol, P Phok, S Bhattacharya, R AF Chaudhuri, Tapas Spagnol, Priscila Phok, Sovannary Bhattacharya, Raghu TI Effect of seed layer on biaxial texturing of pulsed laser deposited YSZ films on electrodeposited Ir/Ni-W tapes SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; YSZ; seed layer ID SUPERCONDUCTOR OXIDE-FILMS; NI; CONDUCTORS AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of biaxially textured Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) layers on electrodeposited Ir/Ni-W tape is reported. Biaxial texturing is obtained by deposition of an YSZ seed layer at 800 degrees C in 10(-6) Torr vacuum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of theta-2 theta and pole figures confirmed in-plane, out-of-plane biaxial texturing with Delta phi = 8 degrees and Delta w = 7.9 degrees. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a surface with roughness of about 3 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM raghu-bhattacharya@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 443 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.05.077 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072KN UT WOS:000239672400015 ER PT J AU Trabert, E Curtis, LJ AF Traebert, E. Curtis, L. J. TI Isoelectronic trends of line strength data in the Li and Be isoelectronic sequences SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; EXTENSIVE CASCADE ANALYSES; BEAM-FOIL SPECTROSCOPY; ION STORAGE-RING; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; INTERCOMBINATION TRANSITIONS; RELATIVE INTENSITIES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; BERYLLIUM-LIKE AB The decays of the 2p J = 1/2 and J = 3/2 levels of Li-like ions and of the 2s2p P-1,3(1)0 levels of Be-like ions can be used as simple-atom test beds for lifetime measurements and for the development of accurate calculations of the transition rates. We have summarized and filtered the experimental data in order to obtain consistent data sets and isoelectronic trends that can be compared to theoretical predictions. The graphical presentation of line strength data enables direct comparison and evaluation of the merit of data along extended isoelectronic sequences. From this, the precision that is necessary in future meaningful experiments can be deduced. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astron Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@ep3.rub.de; ljc@physics.utoledo.edu NR 86 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP C46 EP C54 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/74/3/N02 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 085RQ UT WOS:000240622500019 ER PT J AU Held, K Nekrasov, IA Keller, G Eyert, V Blumer, N McMahan, AK Scalettar, RT Pruschke, T Anisimov, VI Vollhardt, D AF Held, K. Nekrasov, I. A. Keller, G. Eyert, V. Bluemer, N. McMahan, A. K. Scalettar, R. T. Pruschke, Th. Anisimov, V. I. Vollhardt, D. TI Realistic investigations of correlated electron systems with LDA plus DMFT SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DYNAMICAL-MEAN-FIELD; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; FAVORING ITINERANT FERROMAGNETISM; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NORMAL-STATE PROPERTIES; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; MOTT-HUBBARD SYSTEMS AB Conventional band structure calculations in the local density approximation (LDA) [1-3] are highly successful for many materials, but miss important aspects of the physics and energetics of strongly correlated electron systems, such as transition metal oxides and f-electron systems displaying, e.g., Mott insulating and heavy quasiparticle behavior. In this respect, the LDA + DMFT approach which merges LDA with a modem many-body approach, the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), has proved to be a breakthrough for the realistic modeling of correlated materials. Depending on the strength of the electronic correlation, a LDA + DMFT calculation yields the weakly correlated LDA results, a strongly correlated metal, or a Mott insulator. In this paper, the basic ideas and the set-up of the LDA + DMFT(X) approach, where X is the method used to solve the DMFT equations, are discussed. Results obtained with X = QMC (quantum Monte Carlo) and X = NCA (non-crossing approximation) are presented and compared, showing that the method X matters quantitatively. We also discuss LDA + DMFT results for two prime examples of correlated materials, i.e., V2O3 and Ce which undergo a Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator and volume collapse transition, respectively. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Ctr Elect Correlat & Magnetism, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Held, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM k.held@fkf.mpg.de RI Blumer, Nils/A-8685-2008; Eyert, Volker/C-5968-2008; Pruschke, Thomas/H-5065-2011; Pruschke, Thomas/H-5046-2011; Anisimov, Vladimir/K-1235-2013; Held, Karsten/O-4178-2015 OI Blumer, Nils/0000-0003-2463-8255; Anisimov, Vladimir/0000-0002-1087-1956; Held, Karsten/0000-0001-5984-8549 NR 140 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 243 IS 11 BP 2599 EP 2631 DI 10.1002/pssb.200642053 PG 33 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 084GQ UT WOS:000240521100015 ER PT J AU Stanek, CR McClellan, KJ Levy, MR Grimes, RW AF Stanek, C. R. McClellan, K. J. Levy, M. R. Grimes, R. W. TI Extrinsic defect structure of RE3Al5O12 garnets SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET; CRYSTALS; SCINTILLATORS; LUMINESCENCE; PEROVSKITE; DISORDER AB RE3Al5O12 garnets (where RE represents rare earth atoms Lu-Gd and Y) are technologically important, particularly for optical applications. However, the performance of these materials suffers from the existence of point defects, which are responsible for both delayed and reduced light output in Ce:Y3Al5O12 (Ce:Yag) scintillators. The complex garnet crystal prevents a straightforward description of the defects responsible for decreased performance. In this paper, we employ atomistic simulation techniques to reveal non-intuitive features of the extrinsic defect structure. Specifically: Me2+ dopants (ranging in ionic size from Mg2+-Ba2+) are predicted to reside on RE sites with oxygen vacancies as charge compensating defects and Me4+ dopants (from Ti4+-Pb4+) reside on both RE and Al sites and are predicted to be charge compensated by RE vacancies. These results predict the defects resulting from common Me2+ impurities, as well as explain why Me4+ doping is not effective in improving RE3Al5O12 scintillator performance. The predicted extrinsic defects in RE3Al5O12 associated with Me2+ (bottom left) and Me4+ (upper right) doping. Small and large grey atoms represent Al and RE lattice atoms respectively. Oxygen atoms are not shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Stanek, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stanek@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 243 IS 11 BP R75 EP R77 DI 10.1002/pssb.200642355 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 084GQ UT WOS:000240521100003 ER PT J AU Onsum, MD Wong, K Herzmark, P Bourne, HR Arkin, AP AF Onsum, Matthew David Wong, Kit Herzmark, Paul Bourne, Henry R. Arkin, Adam Paul TI Morphology matters in immune cell chemotaxis: membrane asymmetry affects amplification SO PHYSICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMOATTRACTANT RECEPTOR; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; EUKARYOTIC CHEMOTAXIS; POLARITY; DICTYOSTELIUM; PI(3,4,5)P-3; POLARIZATION; LEUKOCYTES; MIGRATION; MODELS AB A key mediator of eukaryotic chemotaxis is the asymmetric accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) on the cell membrane. Recent work has focused on understanding how a shallow external gradient of chemoattractant leads to an amplified internal gradient of PIP3. In this paper we dissect what fraction of this amplification is derived biochemically by the signal transduction network and how much arises entirely from the effects of cell morphology. Here we identify and formalize the role of morphology in signal detection and demonstrate its effects through simulation and experiments. Our key result is that an asymmetric distribution of membrane accounts for approximately one-half of the measured amplification from ligand concentration to PIP3 production. We also show that the underlying biochemical network behaves as a linear amplifier in the micropipette assay. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Onsum, MD (reprint author), AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Pathways Capabil, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1478-3967 J9 PHYS BIOL JI Phys. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1088/1478-3975/3/3/004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 111XT UT WOS:000242489900005 PM 17021383 ER PT J AU Pezze, L Smerzi, A Berman, GP Bishop, AR Collins, LA AF Pezze, L. Smerzi, A. Berman, G. P. Bishop, A. R. Collins, L. A. TI Nonlinear beam splitter in Bose-Einstein-condensate interferometers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; SQUEEZED STATES; DOUBLE-WELL; PHASE; ATOMS; LIMIT; GASES AB A beam splitter is an important component of an atomic/optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Here we study a Bose-Einstein condensate beam splitter, realized with a double well potential of tunable height. We analyze how the sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is degraded by the nonlinear particle-particle interaction during the splitting dynamics. We distinguish three regimes, Rabi, Josephson and Fock, and associate to them a different scaling of the phase sensitivity with the total number of particles. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Trent, BEC, CNR, INFM, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Pezze, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PEZZE, LUCA/D-5967-2014 OI PEZZE, LUCA/0000-0003-0325-9555 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 033610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.033610 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 091ZP UT WOS:000241067100112 ER PT J AU Santra, R AF Santra, Robin TI Why complex absorbing potentials work: A discrete-variable-representation perspective SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGIES; TEMPORARY ANIONS; APPROXIMATION; COORDINATE; SCATTERING; FRAMEWORK; WIDTHS; STATES AB The use of a complex absorbing potential (CAP) of the form -i eta W to calculate the Siegert energy of a resonance state rests on a solid mathematical foundation [U. V. Riss and H.-D. Meyer, J. Phys. B 26, 4503 (1993)]. In this paper, in order to facilitate a better understanding of the basic principles underlying the CAP method, a radial one-particle Hamiltonian with a model potential supporting resonances is analyzed. Using a purely quadratic CAP [W(r)=r(2)], the eigenstates of H=-(1/2)d(2)/dr(2)-i eta W(r) are employed to construct a discrete variable representation. The introduction of this grid method makes it transparent how using a CAP is related to the method of complex scaling, and why, in the limit of an infinite basis set, the exact Siegert energy may emerge in the spectrum as eta -> 0(+). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 034701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.034701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 091ZP UT WOS:000241067100153 ER PT J AU Arenholz, E van der Laan, G Chopdekar, RV Suzuki, Y AF Arenholz, Elke van der Laan, Gerrit Chopdekar, Rajesh V. Suzuki, Yuri TI Anisotropic x-ray magnetic linear dichroism at the Fe L-2,L-3 edges in Fe3O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2P ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; GROUND-STATE; POLARIZATION; PROBE AB X-ray magnetic linear dichroism at the Fe L-2,L-3 edges of the ferrimagnet Fe3O4 was found to exhibit a strong dependence on the relative orientation of external magnetic field, x-ray polarization, and crystalline axes. Spectral shape and magnitude of the effect were determined for Fe3O4(011) and Fe3O4(001) thin films, varying the in-plane orientation of field and polarization. All dichroism spectra can be described as a linear combination of two fundamental spectra which in turn gives a good agreement with calculated spectra, using atomic multiplet theory. The angular dependence of the magnetic dichroism reflects the cubic crystal field symmetry. It can be used to estimate the crystal field splitting and allows the determination of the spin quantization axis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Magnet Spect Grp, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Arenholz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM earenholz@lbl.gov; g.vanderlaan@dl.ac.uk RI Chopdekar, Rajesh/D-2067-2009; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI Chopdekar, Rajesh/0000-0001-6727-6501; van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 35 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094407 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700034 ER PT J AU Baek, IG Kim, W Vescovo, E Lee, H AF Baek, I. -G. Kim, W. Vescovo, E. Lee, Hangil TI Effect of Ni concentration on quantum-well states of the alloy system Ag/Fe1-xNix: A spin- and angle-resolved photoemission study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AG; FILMS; POLARIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; RESONANCES; GROWTH; AU AB We investigate the quantum-well states (QWSs) of Ag on an Fe-Ni alloy film grown on a W(110) substrate, using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SPARPES). As the Ni content is increased, the Fe-Ni alloy undergoes a transition from a bcc (110) structure to a fcc (111) structure at a Ni concentration of 30%. In the bcc (110) region, we found that as the Ni concentration was increased, the binding energy shifted linearly toward higher binding energy in the QWSs of a thin Ag film, with a maximum shift of 0.4 eV for a Ni concentration of 30%. Our SPARPES data and phase accumulation model calculation indicate that this shift is due to electron doping resulting from inserting Ni, which has two more electrons than Fe. In the fcc (111) region, by contrast, the binding energy shift in the QWSs is barely noticeable, indicating that the potential shift caused by electron doping is insufficiently large in this region. Moreover, as the Ni concentration is increased, a decrease in the polarization of QWSs is observed, which can be attributed to the reduced exchange splitting energy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Adv Ind Technol Grp, Div Adv Technol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Beamline Res Div, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang, South Korea. RP Baek, IG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM easyscan@postech.ac.kr NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 113302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.113302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300015 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Zhu, JX AF Balatsky, A. V. Zhu, Jian-Xin TI Local strong-coupling pairing in d-wave superconductors with inhomogeneous bosonic modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DENSITY-OF-STATES; T-C; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; COLLECTIVE MODES; GAP ANISOTROPY; LINE-SHAPE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DISPERSION; ENERGY AB Recent local tunneling data indicate strong nanoscale inhomogeneity of a superconducting gap in high temperature superconductors. Strong local nanoscale inhomogeneity in the bosonic scattering mode has also been observed in the same samples. We argue that these two inhomogeneities are directly related to each other. To address local boson scattering effects, we develop a local strong coupling model of superconducting pairing in a coarse grained superconducting state. Each patch is characterized by local coupling to the bosonic mode as well as by local mode energy. We find that local gap value on each patch grows with the local strength of electron-boson interaction. At the same time local gap value decreases with the local boson mode energy, an observation consistent with the tunneling experiments. We argue that features in the tunneling spectrum due to boson scattering are consistent with experimentally observed spectra. We also address the (16)O to (18)O isotope substitution. Since both coupling constant and boson energy could change upon isotope substitution, we prove that interplay between these two effects can produce results that are very different from the conventional BCS model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094517 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700081 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Heyd, J Hennig, RG Uberuaga, BP Martin, RL Scuseria, GE Umrigar, CJ Wilkins, JW AF Batista, Enrique R. Heyd, Jochen Hennig, Richard G. Uberuaga, Blas P. Martin, Richard L. Scuseria, Gustavo E. Umrigar, C. J. Wilkins, John W. TI Comparison of screened hybrid density functional theory to diffusion Monte Carlo in calculations of total energies of silicon phases and defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION AB Nearly quantitative agreement between density functional theory (DFT) and diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations is shown for the prediction of defect properties using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) screened-exchange hybrid functional. The HSE functional enables accurate computations on complex systems, such as defects, where traditional DFT may be inadequate and DMC calculation computationally unfeasible. The screened-exchange hybrid functional retains the benefits of earlier hybrid functionals in terms of treating strongly correlated insulators but unlike them it can be applied to metallic phases. This study concentrates on the DFT energetic predictions of point defects in silicon and on phase energy differences between the diamond and metallic beta-tin phases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM erb@lanl.gov RI Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008; Scuseria, Gustavo/F-6508-2011 OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686; NR 28 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 121102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.121102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HX UT WOS:000240872500002 ER PT J AU Bilc, DI Mahanti, SD Kanatzidis, MG AF Bilc, D. I. Mahanti, S. D. Kanatzidis, M. G. TI Electronic transport properties of PbTe and AgPbmSbTe2+m systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE PBTE; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LEAD CHALCOGENIDES; CURRENT CARRIERS; HIGH FIGURE; MERIT; SCATTERING; DEVICES AB Transport calculations using the Boltzmann equation within energy-dependent relaxation time approximations were performed for PbTe and AgPbmSbTe2+m (LAST-m) systems. We have used both the nonparabolic Kane model for the energy dispersion and the energy dispersion given by ab initio electronic structure calculations. For PbTe we find that the temperature dependence of the density of states effective mass m(d) is very important in order to have good agreement with experiment for electrical conductivity sigma and thermopower S. Transport calculations in n-type PbTe using the energy dispersion given by the ab initio electronic structure results in overestimation of sigma and underestimation of S because the temperature dependence of m(d) cannot be incorporated in the calculation of the chemical potential. Transport calculations in n-type LAST-m systems using the nonparabolic Kane model for the energy dispersion show a small enhancement of the power factor (sigma S-2) in 0-500 K temperature range relative to PbTe. The observed large ZT values of the LAST-12 and LAST-18 systems are a combination of a small enhancement of the power factor and a strong reduction in the thermal conductivity due to the formation of Ag-Sb microstructures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bilc, DI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bilc, Daniel/E-8985-2012 OI Bilc, Daniel/0000-0002-4298-4250 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 125202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.125202 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HX UT WOS:000240872500043 ER PT J AU Capaz, RB Spataru, CD Ismail-Beigi, S Louie, SG AF Capaz, Rodrigo B. Spataru, Catalin D. Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab Louie, Steven G. TI Diameter and chirality dependence of exciton properties in carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES AB We calculate the diameter and chirality dependences of the binding energies, sizes, and bright-dark splittings of excitons in semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes. Using results and insights from ab initio calculations, we employ a symmetry-based variational method within the effective-mass and envelope-function approximations using tight-binding wave functions. Binding energies and spatial extents show a leading dependence on diameter as 1/d and d, respectively, with chirality corrections providing a spread of roughly 20% with a strong family behavior. Bright-dark exciton splittings show a 1/d(2) leading dependence. We provide analytical expressions for the binding energies, sizes, and splittings that should be useful to guide future experiments. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Nacl Metrol Normalizacao & Qualidade Ind Inm, Div Mat Metrol, BR-25245020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Elect Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Capaz, RB (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 68528, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014; B, Rodrigo/N-7595-2014 OI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624; NR 25 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 121401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.121401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HX UT WOS:000240872500010 ER PT J AU Gao, F Zhang, Y Posselt, M Weber, WJ AF Gao, F. Zhang, Y. Posselt, M. Weber, W. J. TI Atomic-level simulations of epitaxial recrystallization and amorphous-to-crystalline transition in 4H-SiC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; ION-IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; AMORPHIZATION; LAYERS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB The amorphous-to-crystalline transition in 4H-SiC has been studied using molecular dynamics (MD) methods, with simulation times of up to a few hundred ns and at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 2000 K. Two nanosized amorphous layers, one with the normal of the a-c interfaces along the [(1) over bar2 (1) over bar0] direction and the other along the [(1) over bar 010] direction, were created within a crystalline cell to study epitaxial recrystallization and the formation of secondary phases. The recovery of bond defects at the interfaces is an important process driving the epitaxial recrystallization of the amorphous layers. The amorphous layer with the a-c interface normal along the [(1) over bar2 (1) over bar0] direction can be completely recrystallized at temperatures of 1500 and 2000 K, but the recrystallized region is defected with dislocations and stacking faults. On the other hand, the recrystallization process for the a-c interface normal along the [(1) over bar 010] direction is hindered by the nucleation of polycrystalline phases, and these secondary phases are stable for longer simulation times. A general method to calculate activation energy spectra is employed to analyze the MD annealing simulations, and the recrystallization mechanism in SiC consists of multiple stages with activation energies ranging from 0.8 to 1.7 eV. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Iona Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104108 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000022 ER PT J AU Giefers, H Koval, S Wortmann, G Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Hu, MY AF Giefers, H. Koval, S. Wortmann, G. Sturhahn, W. Alp, E. E. Hu, M. Y. TI Phonon density of states of Sn in textured SnO under high pressure: Comparison of nuclear inelastic x-ray scattering spectra to a shell model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RESONANT SCATTERING; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SN-119 NUCLEI; TIN(II) OXIDE; MOSSBAUER; ABSORPTION; IRON; DISPROPORTIONATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The local phonon density of states (DOS) at the Sn site in tin monoxide (SnO) is studied at pressures up to 8 GPa with Sn-119 nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) of synchrotron radiation at 23.88 keV. The preferred orientation (texture) of the SnO crystallites in the investigated samples is used to measure NRIXS spectra preferentially parallel and almost perpendicular to the c axis of tetragonal SnO. A subtraction method is applied to these NRIXS spectra to produce projected local Sn DOS spectra as seen parallel and perpendicular to the c axis of SnO. These experimentally obtained local Sn DOS spectra, both in the polycrystalline case as well as projected parallel and perpendicular to the c axis, are compared with corresponding theoretical phonon DOS spectra, derived from dispersion relations calculated with a recently developed shell model. Comparison between the experimental projected Sn DOS spectra and the corresponding theoretical DOS spectra enables us to follow the pressure-induced shifts of several acoustic and optic phonon modes. While the principal spectral features of the experimental and theoretical phonon DOS agree well at energies above 10 meV, the pressure behavior of the low-energy part of the DOS is not well reproduced by the theoretical calculations. In fact, they exhibit, in contrast to the experimental data, a dramatic softening of two low-energy modes, their energies approaching zero around 2.5 GPa, clearly indicating the limitations of the applied shell model. These difficulties are obviously connected with the complex Sn-O and Sn-Sn bindings within and between the Sn-O-Sn layers in the litharge structure of SnO. We derived from the experimental and theoretical DOS spectra a variety of elastic and thermodynamic parameters of the Sn sublattice, such as the Lamb-Mossbauer factor, the mean force constant, and Debye temperatures, as well as the vibrational contributions to the Helmholtz free energy, specific heat, entropy, and internal energy. We found, in part, good agreement between these values, for instance, for the Gruneisen parameters for some selected phonon modes, especially for some optical modes studied recently by Raman spectroscopy. We discuss in detail a possible anisotropy in the elastic parameters resulting from the litharge-type structure of SnO, for instance for the Lamb-Mossbauer factor, where we can compare with existing data from Sn-119-Mossbauer spectroscopy. C1 Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89109 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, Inst Fis Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, APS, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Giefers, H (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. EM hubertus@physics.unlv.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094303 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700026 ER PT J AU Gilbert, B Zhang, H Chen, B Kunz, M Huang, F Banfield, JF AF Gilbert, B. Zhang, H. Chen, B. Kunz, M. Huang, F. Banfield, J. F. TI Compressibility of zinc sulfide nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID PHASE-TRANSITION; ZNS; NANOCRYSTALS; PRESSURE; WURTZITE; SURFACE; TRANSFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; STABILITY AB We describe a high-pressure x-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the compressibility of several samples of ZnS nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized with a range of sizes and surface chemical treatments in order to identify the factors that determine nanoparticle compressibility. Refinement of the XRD data revealed that all ZnS nanoparticles in the nominally cubic (sphalerite) phase exhibited a previously unobserved structural distortion under ambient conditions that exhibited, in addition, a dependence on pressure. Our results show that the compressibility of ZnS nanoparticles increases substantially as the particle size decreases, and we propose an interpretation based upon the available mechanisms of structural compliance in nanoscale vs bulk materials. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, Fujian 350002, Peoples R China. RP Gilbert, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 115405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.115405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300103 ER PT J AU Kiselev, MN Kikoin, K Avishai, Y Richert, J AF Kiselev, M. N. Kikoin, K. Avishai, Y. Richert, J. TI Decoherence and dephasing in Kondo tunneling through double quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR RESPONSE; EQUILIBRIUM; ENHANCEMENT; COMPUTATION; COHERENCE; ELECTRONS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB We describe the mechanism of charge-spin transformation in a double quantum dot (DQD) with even occupation, where a time dependent gate voltage v(g)(t) is applied to one of its two valleys, whereas the other one is coupled to the source and drain electrodes. The Kondo tunneling regime under strong Coulomb blockade may be realized when the spin spectrum of the DQD is formed by the ground state spin triplet and two singlet excitations. Charge fluctuations induced by v(g)(t) result in transitions within the spin multiplet characterized by the SO(5) dynamical symmetry group. In a weakly nonadiabatic regime the decoherence, dephasing, and relaxation processes affect Kondo tunneling. Each of these processes is caused by a special type of dynamical gauge fluctuations, so that one may discriminate between the decoherence in the ground state of a DQD and dephasing at finite temperatures. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Strasbourg 1, Phys Theor Lab, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. CNRS, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Kiselev, MN (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Kiselev, Mikhail/C-8726-2012 OI Kiselev, Mikhail/0000-0003-2542-3686 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 115306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.115306 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300070 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE Latyshev, YI Konczykowski, M AF Koshelev, A. E. Latyshev, Yu. I. Konczykowski, M. TI Slowing down the Josephson vortex lattice in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with pancake vortices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL WHISKERS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CHAIN STATE; C-AXIS; JUNCTIONS; LIQUID; IRRADIATION AB We study theoretically and experimentally the influence of pancake vortices on motion of the Josephson vortex lattice in layered high-temperature superconductors. Mobility of the Josephson vortices in layered superconductors is strongly suppressed by a small amount of pancake-vortex stacks. Moving Josephson vortex lattice forces oscillating zigzag deformation of the pancake-vortex stacks contributing to damping. The salient feature of this contribution is its nonmonotonic dependence on the lattice velocity and the corresponding voltage. Maximum pancake effect is realized when the Josephson frequency matches the relaxation frequency of the stacks. The pancake-vortex damping is strongly suppressed by thermal fluctuations of the pancake vortices. This theoretical picture was qualitatively confirmed by experiments on two mesas prepared out of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta whiskers. We found that the Josephson-vortex flux-flow voltage is very sensitive to small c-axis magnetic field. The pancake-vortex contribution to the current indeed nonmonotonically depends on voltage and decreases with increasing temperature and in-plane magnetic field. We also found that irradiation with heavy ions has no noticeable direct influence on motion of the Josephson vortices but dramatically reduces the pancake-vortex contribution to the damping of the Josephson vortex lattice at low temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 101999, Russia. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR 7642, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104509 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000079 ER PT J AU Kravtsov, E Haskel, D Cady, A Yang, A Vittoria, C Zuo, X Harris, VG AF Kravtsov, E. Haskel, D. Cady, A. Yang, A. Vittoria, C. Zuo, X. Harris, V. G. TI Site-specific local structure of Mn in artificial manganese ferrite films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS-FINE-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; EXTENDED X-RAY; DIFFRACTION; SPECTRA; SPINEL; EDGE AB Diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) spectroscopy has been applied to resolve site-specific Mn local structure in manganese ferrite films grown under nonequilibrium conditions. The DAFS spectra were measured at a number of Bragg reflections in the vicinity of the Mn absorption K edge. The DAFS data analysis done with an iterative Kramers-Kronig algorithm made it possible to solve separately the local structure around crystallographically inequivalent Mn sites in the unit cell with nominal octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. The strong preference for Mn to be tetrahedrally coordinated in this compound is not only manifested in the relative site occupancies but also in a strong reduction in coordination number for Mn ions at nominal octahedral sites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Nankai Univ, Coll Informat Tech Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Kravtsov, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Kravtsov, Evgeny/J-3593-2013; Zuo, Xu/H-3358-2014 OI Kravtsov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5663-5692; Zuo, Xu/0000-0001-9440-1021 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104114 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000028 ER PT J AU Maier, TA Jarrell, M Scalapino, DJ AF Maier, Thomas A. Jarrell, M. Scalapino, D. J. TI Pairing interaction in the two-dimensional Hubbard model studied with a dynamic cluster quantum Monte Carlo approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE DISPERSION AB A dynamic cluster quantum Monte Carlo approximation is used to study the effective pairing interaction of a two-dimensional Hubbard model with a near neighbor hopping t and an onsite Coulomb interaction U. The effective pairing interaction is characterized in terms of the momentum and frequency dependence of the eigenfunction of the leading eigenvalue of the irreducible particle-particle vertex. The momentum dependence of this eigenfunction is found to vary as (cos k(x)-cos k(y)) over most of the Brillouin zone and its frequency dependence is determined by the S=1 particle-hole continuum which for large U varies as several times J. This implies that the effective pairing interaction is attractive for singlets formed between near-neighbor sites and retarded on a time scale set by (2J)(-1). The strength of the pairing interaction measured by the size of the d-wave eigenvalue peaks for U of order of the bandwidth 8t. It is found to increase as the system is underdoped. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Maier, TA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maierta@ornl.gov; jarrell@physics.uc.edu; djs@vulcan2.physics.ucsb.edu RI Maier, Thomas/F-6759-2012 OI Maier, Thomas/0000-0002-1424-9996 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094513 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700077 ER PT J AU Majidi, MA Moreno, J Jarrell, M Fishman, RS Aryanpour, K AF Majidi, M. A. Moreno, J. Jarrell, M. Fishman, R. S. Aryanpour, K. TI Dynamics of impurity and valence bands in Ga1-xMnxAs within the dynamical mean-field approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DIMENSIONS; LATTICE; MODEL; D=INFINITY; (GA,MN)AS; FERMIONS; SYSTEMS; LIMIT AB We calculate the density-of-states and the spectral function of Ga1-xMnxAs within the dynamical mean-field approximation. Our model includes the competing effects of the strong spin-orbit coupling on the J=3/2 GaAs hole bands and the exchange interaction between the magnetic ions and the itinerant holes. We study the quasiparticle and impurity bands in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases for different values of impurity-hole coupling J(c) at a Mn doping of x=0.05. By analyzing the anisotropic angular distribution of the impurity band carriers at T=0, we conclude that the carrier polarization is optimal when the carriers move along the direction parallel to the average magnetization. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Majidi, MA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Moreno, Juana/D-5882-2012; Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 115205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.115205 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300063 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Schmalian, J Wang, CZ Morris, JR Ho, KM AF Mendelev, M. I. Schmalian, J. Wang, C. Z. Morris, J. R. Ho, K. M. TI Interface mobility and the liquid-glass transition in a one-component system described by an embedded atom method potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURE; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; FORMING LIQUIDS; CU-NI; RELAXATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; METALS AB We present molecular dynamics (MD) studies of the liquid structure, thermodynamics, and dynamics in a one-component system described by the Ercolessi-Adams embedded atom method potential for Al. We find two distinct noncrystalline phases in this system. One of them is a liquid phase and the second phase has similar structure but different equation of state. Moreover, this phase has qualitatively different dynamics than that in the liquid phase. The transitions between these two noncrystalline phases can be seen during MD simulation. The hysteresis in this transition suggests that this is a first-order transition. This conclusion is strongly supported by simulations of the two phases that demonstrate that these phases may coexist with a well-defined interface. We find the coexistent temperature and the interface mobility. Finally, we discuss how these results can be explained using modern models of vitrification. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104206 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000039 ER PT J AU Moussa, JE Cohen, ML AF Moussa, Jonathan E. Cohen, Marvin L. TI Two bounds on the maximum phonon-mediated superconducting transition temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIAMOND; ALLOYS; PARAMETERS; METALS; BANDS; TC AB Two simple bounds on the T-c of conventional, phonon-mediated superconductors are derived within the framework of Eliashberg theory in the strong-coupling regime. The first bound is set by the total electron-phonon coupling available within a material given the hypothetical ability to arbitrarily dope the material. This bound is studied by deriving a generalization of the McMillan-Hopfield parameter eta(E), which measures the strength of electron-phonon coupling including anisotropy effects and rigid-band doping of the Fermi level to E. The second bound is set by the softening of phonons to instability due to strong electron-phonon coupling with electrons at the Fermi level. We apply these bounds to some covalent superconductors including MgB2, where T-c reaches the first bound, and boron-doped diamond, which is far from its bounds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moussa, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jmoussa@civet.berkeley.edu NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094520 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700084 ER PT J AU Moussa, R Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Moussa, R. Koschny, Th. Soukoulis, C. M. TI Excitation of surface waves in a photonic crystal with negative refraction: The role of surface termination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; SLAB; LENS AB Results of the excitation of surface waves in a photonic crystal (PC) with negative refraction slab are presented. The role of the surface termination of the finite PC in exciting surface waves and enhancing the transmission is examined. It is demonstrated that only for a specific surface termination, the surface waves in the PC are excited in the same fashion as in a homogeneous medium. The existence of peaks well above the propagating modes in the calculated transfer function confirms the excitation of the surface modes and explains the high intensity of the field at the image plane as well as in both interfaces. The dependence of the excitation of the surface waves on the system length is analyzed. Finally, the unexpected high sensitivity of the focus position to the surface termination is evaluated. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moussa, R (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 115111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.115111 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300043 ER PT J AU Ouyang, ZW Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA AF Ouyang, Z. W. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Schlagel, D. L. Lograsso, T. A. TI Short-range anisotropic ferromagnetic correlations in the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of Gd5Ge4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4) SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRIFFITHS PHASE; GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; MAGNETISM; ALLOYS AB Signatures of short range anisotropic ferromagnetic correlations and ferromagnetic clustering, manifested as unusually large hysteresis and other anomalies of the low magnetic field dc magnetization and ac magnetic susceptibility, have been observed in both the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of single crystal Gd5Ge4. Ferromagnetic correlations, which are most pronounced in a weak magnetic field applied along the b axis, are readily suppressed by fields exceeding similar to 5 kOe and are believed to be related to a Griffiths-like phase that develops in Gd5Ge4 below T-G congruent to 240 K. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 37 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094404 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700031 ER PT J AU Petrova, AE Bauer, ED Krasnorussky, V Stishov, SM AF Petrova, Alla E. Bauer, E. D. Krasnorussky, Vladimir Stishov, Sergei M. TI Behavior of the electrical resistivity of MnSi at the ferromagnetic phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; HELIMAGNETS; ANOMALIES; METAL AB The itinerant helical ferromagnet MnSi reveals a number of remarkable features, which include tricritical phenomena at the phase transition line, Fermi-liquid breakdown, and so-called partial spin order in the paramagnetic state at high pressures. These features, probably interconnected, so far have no satisfactory explanations though several ideas have been suggested. Some current ideas focus on specifics of the spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic phase of MnSi close to the phase transition line. We report here the results of electrical resistivity measurements of a single crystal of MnSi across its ferromagnetic phase transition line at ambient and high pressures. Contrary to previous work in the field we made use of compressed helium as a pressure medium. Sharp peaks of the temperature coefficient of resistivity characterize the transition line. Analysis of these data shows that at pressures to similar to 0.35 GPa these peaks have fine structure, revealing a shoulder at similar to 0.5 K above the peak. That confirms the "abnormal" spin behavior in the narrow region above the Curie point and indicates the existence of a nontrivial fluctuation mode in the paramagnetic phase of MnSi. It is symptomatic that this structure disappears at pressures higher than similar to 0.35 GPa, which was identified earlier as a tricritical point. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrova, AE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 092401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.092401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700002 ER PT J AU Poltavets, VV Croft, M Greenblatt, M AF Poltavets, Viktor V. Croft, Mark Greenblatt, Martha TI Charge transfer, hybridization and local inhomogeneity effects in NaxCoO2 center dot yH(2)O: An x-ray absorption spectroscopy study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDE; PHASE; COO2 AB Co K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements have been performed on anhydrous NaxCoO2 (x=0.3,0.74,1.0), LiCoO2, H delta CoO2, and hydrated Na0.3CoO2 center dot yH(2)O (y=0.6,1.2) layered cobaltates. Sealed environments were employed through the duration of the experiments to maintain phase purity. The XAS of anhydrous NaxCoO2 shows systematic changes with x indicative of a Co oxidation state increase with decreasing Na content. This trend is shown to correlate well with a detailed review of the structural parameters. In contrast, although the XAS results on the Na0.3CoO2 center dot yH(2)O (y=0,0.6,1.2) materials show detectable spectral changes, they indicate that there is no Co valence change upon hydration. Here pre and post spectroscopy material characterization allows a unique certainty in these exceedingly sensitive materials. The XAS spectral changes which accompany hydration are discussed in terms of a homogenization of the electronic structure in the CoO2 planes and are correlated with structural properties and recent NMR results. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Poltavets, VV (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. OI Poltavets, Viktor/0000-0001-5086-7743 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 125103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.125103 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HX UT WOS:000240872500024 ER PT J AU Rappoport, TG Berciu, M Janko, B AF Rappoport, Tatiana G. Berciu, Mona Janko, Boldizsar TI Effect of the Abrikosov vortex phase on spin and charge states in magnetic semiconductor-superconductor hybrids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; BLOCH ELECTRONS; WEAK LOCALIZATION; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; SQUARE LATTICE; FIELD; TUBES; SUPERLATTICE AB We explore the possibility of using the inhomogeneous magnetic field carried by an Abrikosov vortex in a type-II superconductor to localize spin-polarized textures in a nearby magnetic semiconductor quantum well. We show how Zeeman-induced localization induced by a single vortex is indeed possible, and use these results to investigate the effect of a periodic vortex array on the transport properties of the magnetic semiconductor. In particular, we find an unconventional integer quantum Hall regime, and predict directly testable experimental consequences due to the presence of the periodic spin polarized structure induced by the superconducting vortex lattice in the magnetic semiconductor. C1 Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-68528970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rappoport, TG (reprint author), Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-68528970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Rappoport, Tatiana/J-8626-2014; Berciu, Mona/O-4889-2014; OI Rappoport, Tatiana/0000-0002-1878-5956 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094502 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700066 ER PT J AU Richard, P Pan, ZH Neupane, M Fedorov, AV Valla, T Johnson, PD Gu, GD Ku, W Wang, Z Ding, H AF Richard, P. Pan, Z. -H. Neupane, M. Fedorov, A. V. Valla, T. Johnson, P. D. Gu, G. D. Ku, W. Wang, Z. Ding, H. TI Nature of oxygen dopant-induced states in high-temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconductors: A photoemission investigation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; CU; OXIDES; TC AB We investigate the nature of oxygen dopant-induced electronic states in the high-temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconductor by measuring photoemission spectra of underdoped, optimally doped, and overdoped samples using a wide photon energy range (15-100 eV). We find a small and broad nondispersive peak at -0.8 eV associated with oxygen dopants. Surprisingly, the detailed analysis of the resonance profile suggests a mixing with Cu states. Particularly, the A(1g) symmetry revealed by polarization-dependent experiments and the comparison with the single-layered Bi2Sr2CuO6+x indicates that the oxygen dopant-induced states are mixed to the superconducting CuO2 planes through the oxygen dopant-apical oxygen O2p(z)-Cu3d(3z2-r2) channel. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Richard, P (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM richarpi@bc.edu RI Richard, Pierre/F-7652-2010; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; OI Richard, Pierre/0000-0003-0544-4551; Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 AR 094512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.094512 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HQ UT WOS:000240871700076 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Moss, SC Robertson, JL Copley, JRD Neumann, DA Major, J AF Rodriguez, J. A. Moss, S. C. Robertson, J. L. Copley, J. R. D. Neumann, D. A. Major, J. TI Neutron scattering studies of short-range order, atomic displacements, and effective pair interactions in a null-matrix (Ni0.52Pt0.48)-Ni-62 crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED BINARY ALLOYS; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CU-NI ALLOYS; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; LOCAL ORDER; COMPOSITIONAL ORDER; MONTE-CARLO; SEGREGATION; ORIGINS AB The best known exception to the Heine-Sampson and Bieber-Gauthier arguments for ordering effects in transition metal alloys (similar to the Hume-Rothery rules) is a NiPt alloy, whose phase diagram is similar to that of the CuAu system. Using neutron scattering we have investigated the local atomic order in a null-matrix (Ni0.52Pt0.48)-Ni-62 single crystal. In a null-matrix alloy, the isotopic composition is adjusted so that the average neutron scattering length vanishes (Ni-62 has a negative scattering length nearly equal in magnitude to that of Pt). Consequently, all contributions to the total scattering depending on the average lattice are suppressed. The only remaining components of the elastic scattering are the short-range order (SRO) and size effect terms. These data permit the extraction of the SRO parameters (concentration-concentration correlations) as well as the displacement parameters (concentration-displacement correlations). Using the Krivoglaz-Clapp-Moss theory, we obtain the effective pair interactions (EPIs) between near neighbors in the alloy. The results can be used by theorists to model the alloy in the context of the electronic theory of alloy phase stability, including a preliminary evaluation of the local species-dependent displacements. Our maps of V(q), the Fourier transform of the EPIs, show very similar shapes in the experimental and reconstructed data. This is of importance when comparing to electronic structure calculations. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104115 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000029 ER PT J AU Schneider, M Zaharko, O Gasser, U Kreyssig, A Brown, PJ Canfield, PC AF Schneider, M. Zaharko, O. Gasser, U. Kreyssig, A. Brown, P. J. Canfield, P. C. TI Spherical neutron polarimetry of the magnetic structure in HoNi2B2C: Interplay between magnetic phases and superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SLOW-NEUTRONS; SCATTERING; ERNI2B2C AB Spherical neutron polarimetry has been used to answer open questions about different magnetic phases in HoNi2B2C, which are important in their interplay with superconductivity. We established that the incommensurate a(*) structure of k(3)=(0.585 0 0) at 5.4 K in a zero magnetic field is a transverse-amplitude modulated wave with the magnetic moment along the b direction of the tetragonal structure. The depolarization of a neutron beam scattered from the k(2)=(0 0 0.915) reflections reveals a multidomain state but does not allow an unambiguous determination of the spin configuration. Based on present knowledge of borocarbides and other rare-earth systems we give preference to a long-range incommensurate helical structure as the origin of the k(2)=(0 0 0.915) reflections. C1 ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schneider, M (reprint author), ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM michael.schneider@psi.ch RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000070 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Pantelides, S. T. TI Reactions of excess hydrogen at a Si(111) surface with H termination: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON SURFACES; CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; POROUS SILICON; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; ABSTRACTION; EXCITATION AB Hydrogen reactions with silicon substrates is an established technique for the study and control of surface morphology. Here, we report the results of first-principles calculations on the trapping and depassivation reactions involving excess hydrogen (x-H) at a fully H-passivated Si(111) surface. We find that x-H atoms can depassivate Si-H bonds with a small barrier of 0.8 eV, or they can get trapped in very stable configurations that comprise of a dihydride and a vicinal Si-H bond. Desorption of H-2 molecules from these complexes has an activation energy of 1.68 eV, which can account for pertinent experimental data. We discuss also the effect of strain on the possibility of altering the x-H surface profile. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 113301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.113301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300014 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Lang, SB AF Tuncer, Enis Lang, Sidney B. TI Kramers-Kronig relations in laser intensity modulation method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE; METHOD LIMM; POLARIZATION; DISPERSION; PROFILES AB In this short paper, the Kramers-Kronig relations for the laser intensity modulation method (LIMM) are presented to check the self-consistency of experimentally obtained complex current densities. The numerical procedure yields well defined, precise estimates for the real and the imaginary parts of the LIMM current density calculated from its imaginary and real parts, respectively. The procedure also determines an accurate high frequency real current value which appears to be an intrinsic material parameter similar to that of the dielectric permittivity at optical frequencies. Note that the problem considered here couples two different material properties, thermal and electrical; consequently, the validity of the Kramers-Kronig relation indicates that the problem is invariant and linear. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Voltage & Dielect Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov; lang@bgu.ac.il RI Lang, Sidney/F-1308-2012; OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 113109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.113109 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300009 ER PT J AU Wang, F Mo, SK Allen, JW Kim, HD He, J Jin, R Mandrus, D Sekiyama, A Tsunekawa, M Suga, S AF Wang, Feng Mo, S. -K. Allen, J. W. Kim, H. -D. He, J. Jin, R. Mandrus, D. Sekiyama, A. Tsunekawa, M. Suga, S. TI Case for bulk nature of spectroscopic Luttinger liquid signatures observed in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of Li0.9Mo6O17 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PURPLE BRONZE LI0.9MO6O17; METAL LI0.9MO6O17; QUASI AB Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has been performed on quasi-one-dimensional Li0.9Mo6O17 using photon energy h nu=500 eV. Measured band dispersions are in agreement with those from both low-photon-energy measurements and band structure calculations. The momentum-integrated ARPES spectrum is well fitted by the finite-temperature Luttinger liquid (LL) spectral function, with an anomalous exponent 0.6 that is the same within experimental uncertainty as the value found with h nu=30 eV. These identical findings at both low and high h nu are entirely consistent with reasoning based on the crystal structure that the quasi-one-dimensional chains lie two layers below the cleavage plane so that the observed spectroscopic LL behavior of Li0.9Mo6O17 is a bulk property. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Mat Phys, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514; NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 11 AR 113107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.113107 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HV UT WOS:000240872300007 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Gehring, PM Shirane, G AF Xu, Guangyong Gehring, P. M. Shirane, G. TI Coexistence and competition of local- and long-range polar orders in a ferroelectric relaxor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRIC-FIELD; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB We have performed a series of neutron diffuse scattering measurements on a single crystal of the solid solution Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 doped with 8% PbTiO3, a relaxor compound with a Curie temperature T-C similar to 450 K, in an effort to study changes in local polar orders associated with the polar nanoregions (PNR) when the material enters the ferroelectric phase. The diffuse scattering intensity increases monotonically upon cooling in zero field, but the rate of increase varies dramatically around different Bragg peaks. These results can be explained by assuming that corresponding changes occur in the ratio of the optic and acoustic components of the atomic displacements within the PNR. Cooling in the presence of a modest electric field E oriented along the [111] direction alters the shape of diffuse scattering in reciprocal space, but does not eliminate the scattering as would be expected in the case of a classic ferroelectric material. This suggests that a field-induced redistribution of the PNR has taken place. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 AR 104110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.104110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HT UT WOS:000240872000024 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Dag, S Senanayake, SD Hathorn, BC Kalinin, SV Meunier, V Mullins, DR Overbury, SH Baddorf, AP AF Zhou, J. Dag, S. Senanayake, S. D. Hathorn, B. C. Kalinin, S. V. Meunier, V. Mullins, D. R. Overbury, S. H. Baddorf, A. P. TI Adsorption, desorption, and dissociation of benzene on TiO2(110) and Pd/TiO2(110): Experimental characterization and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MODEL CATALYSTS; FORMIC-ACID; STM IMAGES; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Adsorption and reaction of benzene molecules on clean TiO2(110) and on TiO2(110) with deposited Pd nanoparticles are investigated using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature-programmed desorption, and first-principles calculations. Above similar to 50 K, the one-dimensional motion of benzene between bridging oxygen rows is shown to be too fast for STM imaging. At 40 K benzene molecules form chains on top of titanium rows, with calculations indicating every other benzene is rotated 30 degrees. Both experimental and theoretical studies find no dissociative reactivity of benzene on the clean TiO2(110) surface, due to little hybridization between TiO2 and benzene electronic states. After deposition of Pd nanoparticles, molecular benzene is observed with STM both on the substrate and adjacent to metallic particles. Upon heating to 800 K, benzene fully breaks down into its atomic constituents in a multistep decomposition process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baddorf, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baddorfap@ornl.gov RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 12 AR 125318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.125318 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089HX UT WOS:000240872500067 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Lisetskiy, AF Cizewski, JA Krucken, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Becker, JA Brown, BA Horoi, M Younes, W AF Fotiades, N. Lisetskiy, A. F. Cizewski, J. A. Kruecken, R. Clark, R. M. Fallon, P. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Becker, J. A. Brown, B. A. Horoi, M. Younes, W. TI First observation of high-spin states in Se-83 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CORE EXCITATIONS AB The level structure of Se-83 was studied via prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy of fragments following the fission of the compound nucleus Th-226 formed in the O-18 (91 MeV) + Pb-208 fusion-evaporation reaction. The first four high-spin states above the 9/2(+) ground state were established. The coupling of the neutron hole in the g(9/2) orbital to the yrast states in the Se-84 core can account for these states. The experimentally observed high-spin states are compared with predictions of shell-model calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fotia@lanl.gov RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013; OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042; Fotiadis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-1410-3871 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 034308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.034308 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 089IF UT WOS:000240873300013 ER PT J AU Fridmann, J Wiedenhover, I Gade, A Baby, LT Bazin, D Brown, BA Campbell, CM Cook, JM Cottle, PD Diffenderfer, E Dinca, DC Glasmacher, T Hansen, PG Kemper, KW Lecouey, JL Mueller, WF Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Terry, JR Tostevin, JA Yoneda, K Zwahlen, H AF Fridmann, J. Wiedenhover, I. Gade, A. Baby, L. T. Bazin, D. Brown, B. A. Campbell, C. M. Cook, J. M. Cottle, P. D. Diffenderfer, E. Dinca, D. -C. Glasmacher, T. Hansen, P. G. Kemper, K. W. Lecouey, J. L. Mueller, W. F. Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. Terry, J. R. Tostevin, J. A. Yoneda, K. Zwahlen, H. TI Shell structure at N=28 near the dripline: Spectroscopy of Si-42, P-43, and S-44 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; INTERMEDIATE ENERGY-RANGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXOTIC NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; CLOSURE; LINE; FRAGMENTATION; PHYSICS; REGION AB Measurements of the N=28 isotones Si-42, P-43, and S-44 using one- and two-proton knockout reactions from the radioactive beam nuclei S-44 and Ar-46 are reported. The knockout reaction cross sections for populating Si-42 and P-43 and a 184 keV gamma-ray observed in P-43 establish that the d(3/2) and s(1/2) proton orbits are nearly degenerate in these nuclei and that there is a substantial Z=14 subshell closure separating these two orbits from the d(5/2) orbit. The increase in the inclusive two-proton knockout cross section from Si-42 to S-44 demonstrates the importance of the availability of valence protons for determining the cross section. New calculations of the two-proton knockout reactions that include diffractive effects are presented. In addition, it is proposed that a search for the d(5/2) proton strength in P-43 via a higher statistics one-proton knockout experiment could help determine the size of the Z=14 closure. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP Fridmann, J (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Gade, Alexandra/A-6850-2008; Glasmacher, Thomas/C-4462-2008; Campbell, Christopher/B-9429-2008; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014 OI Gade, Alexandra/0000-0001-8825-0976; Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 034313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.034313 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 089IF UT WOS:000240873300018 ER PT J AU Jones, MK Aghalaryan, A Ahmidouch, A Asaturyan, R Bloch, F Boeglin, W Bosted, P Carasco, C Carlini, R Cha, J Chen, JP Christy, ME Cole, L Coman, L Crabb, D Danagoulian, S Day, D Dunne, J Elaasar, M Ent, R Fenker, H Frlez, E Gaskell, D Gan, L Gomez, J Hu, B Jourdan, J Keith, C Keppel, CE Khandaker, M Klein, A Kramer, L Liang, Y Lichtenstadt, J Lindgren, R Mack, D McKee, P McNulty, D Meekins, D Mkrtchyan, H Nasseripour, R Niculescu, I Normand, K Norum, B Pocanic, D Prok, Y Raue, B Reinhold, J Roche, J Rohe, D Rondon, OA Savvinov, N Sawatzky, B Seely, M Sick, I Slifer, K Smith, C Smith, G Stepanyan, S Tang, L Tajima, S Testa, G Vulcan, W Wang, K Warren, G Wesselmann, FR Wood, S Yan, C Yuan, L Yun, J Zeier, M Zhu, H AF Jones, M. K. Aghalaryan, A. Ahmidouch, A. Asaturyan, R. Bloch, F. Boeglin, W. Bosted, P. Carasco, C. Carlini, R. Cha, J. Chen, J. P. Christy, M. E. Cole, L. Coman, L. Crabb, D. Danagoulian, S. Day, D. Dunne, J. Elaasar, M. Ent, R. Fenker, H. Frlez, E. Gaskell, D. Gan, L. Gomez, J. Hu, B. Jourdan, J. Keith, C. Keppel, C. E. Khandaker, M. Klein, A. Kramer, L. Liang, Y. Lichtenstadt, J. Lindgren, R. Mack, D. McKee, P. McNulty, D. Meekins, D. Mkrtchyan, H. Nasseripour, R. Niculescu, I. Normand, K. Norum, B. Pocanic, D. Prok, Y. Raue, B. Reinhold, J. Roche, J. Rohe, D. Rondon, O. A. Savvinov, N. Sawatzky, B. Seely, M. Sick, I. Slifer, K. Smith, C. Smith, G. Stepanyan, S. Tang, L. Tajima, S. Testa, G. Vulcan, W. Wang, K. Warren, G. Wesselmann, F. R. Wood, S. Yan, C. Yuan, L. Yun, J. Zeier, M. Zhu, H. TI Proton G(E)/G(M) from beam-target asymmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; POLARIZATION; (GEV/C)(2); RATIO AB The ratio of the proton's electric to magnetic form factor, G(E)/G(M), can be extracted in elastic electron-proton scattering by measuring cross sections, beam-target asymmetry, or recoil polarization. Separate determinations of G(E)/G(M) by cross sections and recoil polarization observables disagree for Q(2)> 1 (GeV/c)(2). Measurement by a third technique might uncover an unknown systematic error in either of the previous measurements. The beam-target asymmetry has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering at Q(2) = 1.51 (GeV/c)(2) for target spin orientation aligned perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This is the largest Q(2) at which G(E)/G(M) has been determined by a beam-target asymmetry experiment. The result, mu G(E)/G(M)=0.884 +/- 0.027 +/- 0.029, is compared to previous world data. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. So Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jones, MK (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Rondon Aramayo, Oscar/B-5880-2013; Frlez, Emil/B-6487-2013; carasco, Cedric/H-5463-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 035201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.035201 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 089IF UT WOS:000240873300055 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Chiara, CJ Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Devlin, M Fossan, DB Freeman, SJ Janssens, RVF LaFosse, DR Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Starosta, K Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Wyss, R AF Smith, J. F. Chiara, C. J. Carpenter, M. P. Davids, C. N. Devlin, M. Fossan, D. B. Freeman, S. J. Janssens, R. V. F. LaFosse, D. R. Sarantites, D. G. Seweryniak, D. Starosta, K. Wadsworth, R. Wilson, A. N. Wyss, R. TI Excited states and signature inversion in Cs-116 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ODD-ODD NUCLEI; HIGH-SPIN STATES; MASS REGION; BANDS; TRIAXIALITY; ASSIGNMENTS; ISOTOPES AB Excited states have been observed for the first time in the very neutron-deficient, odd-odd nucleus, Cs-116(55)61. The assignment to Cs-116 has been made by the detection of gamma rays in coincidence with evaporated charged particles and with evaporation residues. The observed states form a rotational band which has been assigned to the nu(h(11/2)) circle times pi(h(11/2)) configuration. Tentative spin assignments have been made on the basis of systematic comparisons with neighboring cesium isotopes. A low-spin signature inversion is observed in the band at a rotational frequency of about 0.23 MeV/h. The observed signature inversions in the odd-odd Cs116-126 isotopes have been compared with the results of extended total Routhian surface calculations, in which signature inversion arises as a consequence of quadrupole-pairing correlations and triaxial deformation. As previously shown for some of the odd-odd A similar or equal to 120 isotopes, the calculations reproduce the signature inversions reasonably well. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48854 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48854 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Royal Inst Technol, Phys Dept Frescati, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM John.F.Smith@Manchester.ac.uk RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 034310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.034310 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 089IF UT WOS:000240873300015 ER PT J AU Van Orden, JW AF Van Orden, J. W. TI Conserved electromagnetic currents in a relativistic optical model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; IMPULSE APPROXIMATION; E,E'P REACTIONS; NUCLEONS; EQUATIONS AB A simple model of a relativistic optical model is constructed by reducing the three-body Bethe-Salpeter equation to an effective two-body optical model. A corresponding effective current is derived for use with the optical-model wave functions. It is shown that this current satisfies a Ward-Takahashi identity involving the optical potential resulting in conserved current matrix elements. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Van Orden, JW (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM vanorden@jlab.org NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 034607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.034607 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 089IF UT WOS:000240873300045 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M McCarthy, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, K Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Agelou, M. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Black, K. M. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Blumenschein, U. Boehnlein, A. Boeriu, O. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Coppage, D. Corcoran, M. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Das, M. Davies, B. Davies, G. Davis, G. A. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Demine, P. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Edwards, T. Ellison, J. Elmsheuser, J. Elvira, V. D. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Fatakia, S. N. Feligioni, L. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fleck, I. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gardner, J. Gavrilov, V. Gay, A. Gay, P. Gele, D. Gelhaus, R. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Kozminski, J. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Le Bihan, A. -C. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, Q. Z. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lynker, M. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Magnan, A. -M. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martens, M. McCarthy, R. Meder, D. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Michaut, M. Miettinen, H. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mondal, N. K. Monk, J. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundim, L. Mutaf, Y. D. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Noeding, C. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Oguri, V. Oliveira, N. Oshima, N. Otec, R. Garzon, G. J. Otero y Owen, M. Padley, P. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Perea, P. M. Perez, E. Peters, K. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. da Silva, W. L. Prado Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Rud, V. I. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shephard, W. D. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Sidwell, R. A. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Song, X. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Strohmer, R. ] Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings from WW -> e(+)e(-), WW -> e(+/-)mu(-/+), and WW ->mu(+)mu(-) events from pp collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Limits are set on anomalous WW gamma and WWZ trilinear gauge couplings using W+W--> e(+)nu(e)e(-)(nu) over bar (e), W+W--> e(+/-)nu(e)mu(-/+)nu(mu), and W+W-->mu(+)nu(mu)mu(-)(nu) over bar (mu) events. The data set was collected by the Run II D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and corresponds to approximately 250 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity at root s=1.96 TeV. Under the assumption that the WW gamma couplings are equal to the WWZ couplings and using a form factor scale of Lambda=2.0 TeV, the combined 95% C.L. one-dimensional coupling limits from all three channels are -0.32 K(*+)h(1)(+)h(2)(-) (where h(1,2)=K, pi) decays are presented, using a data sample of 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. Using a maximum likelihood fit, the following branching fraction results were obtained: B(B+-> K*+K+K-)=(36.2 +/- 3.3 +/- 3.6)x10(-6) and B(B+-> K*+pi(+)pi(-))=(75.3 +/- 6.0 +/- 8.1)x10(-6). Upper limits were set for B(B+-> K*+pi K-+(-))< 11.8x10(-6) and B(B+-> K*+K+pi(-))< 6.1x10(-6) at 90% confidence level. The charge asymmetries for the decays B+-> K*+K+K- and B+-> K*+pi(+)pi(-) were measured to be A(K)(*)KK=0.11 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.03 and A(K)(*)pi pi=0.07 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.04, respectively. 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TI Searches for B-0 decays to eta K-0, eta eta, eta 'eta ', eta phi, and eta 'phi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD FACTORIZATION; STANDARD MODEL; MESONS AB We search for B-0 meson decays into two-body combinations of K-0, eta, eta('), and phi mesons in 324x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAC. We measure the following branching fractions (upper limits at 90% confidence level) in units of 10(-6): B(B-0 ->eta K-0)=1.8(-0.6)(+0.7)+/- 0.1(< 2.9), B(B-0 ->eta eta)=1.1(-0.4)(+0.5)+/- 0.1(< 1.8), B(B-0 ->eta phi)=0.1 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.1(< 0.6), B(B-0 ->eta(')phi)=0.2(-0.3)(+0.4)+/- 0.1(< 1.0), and B(B-0 ->eta(')eta('))=1.0(-0.6)(+0.8)+/- 0.1(< 2.4), where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Phys Expt, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. 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CEA Saclay, DSM, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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CA BABAR Collaboration TI B meson decays to omega K*, omega p, omega omega, omega phi, and omega f(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CP-ASYMMETRIES; POLARIZATION; B->VV AB We describe searches for B meson decays to the charmless vector-vector final states omega K-*, omega rho, omega omega, and omega phi with 233x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs produced in e(+)e(-) B (B) over bar annihilation at root s =10.58 GeV. We also search for the vector-scalar B decay to omega f(0). We measure the following branching fractions in units of 10(-6): B(B-0 ->omega K-*0)=2.4 +/- 1.1 +/- 0.7 (< 4.2), B(B+->omega K*+)=0.6(-1.2-0.9)(+1.4+1.1) (< 3.4), B(B-0 ->omega rho(0))=-0.6 +/- 0.7(-0.3)(+0.8) (< 1.5), B(B+->omega rho(+))=10.6 +/- 2.1(-1.0)(+1.6), B(B-0 ->omega omega)=1.8(-0.9)(+1.3)+/- 0.4 (< 4.0), B(B-0 ->omega phi)=0.1 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.1 (< 1.2), and B(B-0 ->omega f(0))=0.9 +/- 0.4(-0.1)(+0.2) (< 1.5). In each case the first error quoted is statistical, the second systematic, and the upper limits are defined at the 90% confidence level. For B+->omega rho(+) decays we also measure the longitudinal spin component f(L)=0.82 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.02 and the charge asymmetry A(CP)=0.04 +/- 0.18 +/- 0.02. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-4470 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. 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RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 051102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.051102 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900002 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, 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Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Kitayama, I. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Grancagnolo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Eichenbaum, A. M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Johnson, J. R. Kutter, P. E. Li, H. Liu, R. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Mohapatra, A. K. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Tan, P. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Measurements of the decays B-0 -> (D)over-bar(0) p(p)over-bar, B0 -> (D)over-bar*(0) p(p)over-bar, B-0 -> D- p(p)over-bar pi(+), and B-0 -> D*(-) p(p)over-bar pi(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; STATE AB We present measurements of branching fractions of B-0 decays to multibody final states containing protons, based on 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. We measure the branching fractions B(B-0 ->(D) over bar (0)p (p) over bar)=(1.13 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.08)x10(-4), B(B-0 ->(D) over bar (*0)p (p) over bar)=(1.01 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.09)x10(-4), B(B-0 -> D(-)p (p) over bar pi(+))=(3.38 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.29)x10(-4), and B(B-0 -> D(*-)p (p) over bar pi(+))=(4.81 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.44)x10(-4) where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. We present a search for the charmed pentaquark state, Theta(c)(3100) observed by H1 and put limits on the branching fraction B(B-0 ->Theta(c)(p) over bar pi(+))xB(Theta(c)-> D(*-)p)< 14x10(-6) and B(B-0 ->Theta(c)(p) over bar pi(+))xB(Theta(c)-> D(-)p)< 9x10(-6). Upon investigation of the decay structure of the above four B-0 decay modes, we see an enhancement at low p (p) over bar mass and deviations from phase-space in the (D) over bar(p) over bar and (D) over bar invariant mass spectra. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 051101(R) DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.051101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900001 ER PT J AU Batra, P Tait, TMP AF Batra, Puneet Tait, Tim M. P. TI Measuring the W-t-b interaction at the ILC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GAUGE BOSONS; COUPLINGS; E(+)E(-); PHYSICS AB The large top quark mass suggests that the top plays a pivotal role in electroweak symmetry-breaking dynamics and, as a result, may have modified couplings to electroweak bosons. Hadron colliders can provide measurements of these couplings at the similar to 10% level, and one of the early expected triumphs of the International Linear Collider (ILC) is to reduce these uncertainties to the percent level. In this article, we propose the first direct measurement of the standard model W-t-b coupling at the ILC, from measurements of tt-like signals below the tt production threshold. We estimate that the ILC with 100 fb(-1) can measure a combination of the coupling and top width to high precision, and when combined with a direct measurement of the top width from the above-threshold scan, results in a model-independent measurement of the W-t-b interaction of the order of similar to 3%. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Batra, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054021 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900042 ER PT J AU Binger, M Brodsky, SJ AF Binger, Michael Brodsky, Stanley J. TI Form factors of the gauge-invariant three-gluon vertex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BACKGROUND-FIELD METHOD; QCD EFFECTIVE CHARGE; ONE-LOOP INTEGRALS; PINCH TECHNIQUE; STANDARD MODEL; SELF-ENERGIES; ANALYTIC PROPERTIES; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; 3-BOSON VERTICES; AMPLITUDES AB The gauge-invariant three-gluon vertex obtained from the pinch technique is characterized by 13 nonzero form factors, which are given in complete generality for unbroken gauge theory at one loop. The results are given in d dimensions using both dimensional regularization and dimensional reduction, including the effects of massless gluons and arbitrary representations of massive gauge bosons, fermions, and scalars. We find interesting relations between the functional forms of the contributions from gauge bosons, fermions, and scalars. These relations hold only for the gauge-invariant pinch-technique vertex and are d-dimensional incarnations of supersymmetric nonrenormalization theorems which include finite terms. The form factors are shown to simplify for N=1, 2, and 4 supersymmetry in various dimensions. In four-dimensional nonsupersymmetric theories, eight of the form factors have the same functional form for massless gluons, quarks, and scalars, when written in a physically motivated tensor basis. For QCD, these include the tree-level tensor structure which has prefactor beta(0)=(11N(c)-2N(f))/3, another tensor with prefactor 4N(c)-N-f, and six tensors with N-c-N-f. In perturbative calculations our results lead naturally to an effective coupling for the three-gluon vertex, alpha(k(1)(2),k(2)(2),k(3)(2)), which depends on three momenta and gives rise to an effective scale Q(eff)(2)(k(1)(2),k(2)(2),k(3)(2)) which governs the behavior of the vertex. The effects of nonzero internal masses M are important and have a complicated threshold and pseudothreshold structure. A three-scale effective number of flavors N-F(k(1)(2)/M-2,k(2)(2)/M-2,k(3)(2)/M-2) is defined. The results of this paper are an important part of a gauge-invariant dressed skeleton expansion and a related multiscale analytic renormalization scheme. In this approach the scale ambiguity problem is resolved since physical kinematic invariants determine the arguments of the couplings. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Binger, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM binger@slac.stanford.edu; sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054016 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900037 ER PT J AU Casanova, S AF Casanova, Sabrina TI Off-forward quark-quark correlation function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; LEPTOPRODUCTION; ASYMMETRY AB The properties of the nonforward quark-quark correlation function are examined. We derive constraints on the correlation function from the transformation properties of the fundamental fields of QCD occurring in its definition. We further develop a method to construct an Ansatz for this correlator. We present the complete leading order set of generalized parton distributions in terms of the amplitudes of the Ansatz. Finally we conclude that the number of independent generalized parton helicity changing distributions is four. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Casanova, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM casanova@lanl.gov RI Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013 OI Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054037 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054037 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900058 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Christ, NH Datta, S van der Heide, J Jung, C Karsch, F Kaczmarek, O Laermann, E Mawhinney, RD Miao, C Petreczky, P Petrov, K Schmidt, C Umeda, T AF Cheng, M. Christ, N. H. Datta, S. van der Heide, J. Jung, C. Karsch, F. Kaczmarek, O. Laermann, E. Mawhinney, R. D. Miao, C. Petreczky, P. Petrov, K. Schmidt, C. Umeda, T. TI Transition temperature in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; LATTICE QCD; COLLABORATION AB We present a detailed calculation of the transition temperature in QCD with two light and one heavier (strange) quark mass on lattices with temporal extent N-tau=4 and 6. Calculations with improved staggered fermions have been performed for various light to strange quark mass ratios in the range, 0.05 <= m boolean AND(l)/m boolean AND(s)<= 0.5, and with a strange quark mass fixed close to its physical value. From a combined extrapolation to the chiral (m boolean AND(l)-> 0) and continuum (aT equivalent to 1/N-tau -> 0) limits we find for the transition temperature at the physical point T(c)r(0)=0.457(7) where the scale is set by the Sommer-scale parameter r(0) defined as the distance in the static quark potential at which the slope takes on the value, (dV(q ($) over barq)(r)/dr)(r=r0)=1.65/r(0)(2). Using the currently best known value for r(0) this translates to a transition temperature T-c=192(7)(4) MeV. The transition temperature in the chiral limit is about 3% smaller. We discuss current ambiguities in the determination of T-c in physical units and also comment on the universal scaling behavior of thermodynamic quantities in the chiral limit. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Cheng, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Kaczmarek, Olaf/E-9932-2011 NR 32 TC 263 Z9 264 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054507 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900065 ER PT J AU Crater, HW Wong, CY Van Alstine, P AF Crater, Horace W. Wong, Cheuk-Yin Van Alstine, Peter TI Tests of two-body Dirac equation wave functions in the decays of quarkonium and positronium into two photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GENERAL COVARIANT INTERACTIONS; MESON-MESON SCATTERING; 2-PHOTON DECAY; SINGLET-POSITRONIUM; SPINNING PARTICLES; HEAVY QUARKONIA; P-STATE; MODEL; ANNIHILATION; MECHANICS AB Two-body Dirac equations of constraint dynamics provide a covariant framework to investigate the problem of highly relativistic quarks in meson bound states. This formalism eliminates automatically the problems of relative time and energy, leading to a covariant three dimensional formalism with the same number of degrees of freedom as appears in the corresponding nonrelativistic problem. It provides bound state wave equations with the simplicity of the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation. Here we begin important tests of the relativistic 16 component wave function solutions obtained in a recent work on meson spectroscopy, extending a method developed previously for positronium decay into two photons. Preliminary to this we examine the positronium decay in the P-3(0,2) states as well as the S-1(0). The two-gamma quarkonium decays that we investigate are for the eta(c), eta(')(c), chi(c0), chi(c2), pi(0), pi(2), a(2), and f(2)(') mesons. Our results for the four charmonium states compare well with those from other quark models and show the particular importance of including all components of the wave function as well as strong and c.m. energy dependent potential effects on the norm and amplitude. The results for the pi(0), although off the experimental rate by 13%, are much closer than the usual expectations from a potential model. We conclude that the two-body Dirac equations lead to wave functions which provide good descriptions of the two-gamma decay amplitude and can be used with some confidence for other purposes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Crater, HW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM hcrater@utsi.edu; wongc@ornl.gov OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054028 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900049 ER PT J AU Dalal, N Holz, DE Hughes, SA Jain, B AF Dalal, Neal Holz, Daniel E. Hughes, Scott A. Jain, Bhuvnesh TI Short GRB and binary black hole standard sirens as a probe of dark energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; WAVES; AFTERGLOW; MERGER; COSMOLOGY; GALAXY AB Observations of the gravitational radiation from well-localized, inspiraling compact-object binaries can measure absolute source distances with high accuracy. When coupled with an independent determination of redshift through an electromagnetic counterpart, these standard sirens can provide an excellent probe of the expansion history of the Universe and the dark energy. Short gamma-ray bursts, if produced by merging neutron star binaries, would be standard sirens with known redshifts detectable by ground-based gravitational wave (GW) networks such as Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), Virgo, and Australian International Gravitational Observatory (AIGO). Depending upon the collimation of these GRBs, the measurement of about 10 GW-GRB events (corresponding to about 1 yr of observation with an advanced GW detector network and an all-sky GRB monitor) can measure the Hubble constant h to similar to 2-3%. When combined with measurement of the absolute distance to the last scattering surface of the cosmic microwave background, this determines the dark energy equation of state parameter w to similar to 9%. Similarly, supermassive binary black hole inspirals will be standard sirens detectable by Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Depending upon the precise redshift distribution, similar to 100 sources could measure w at the similar to 4% level. C1 Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Dalal, N (reprint author), Univ Toronto, CITA, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. NR 40 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 063006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.063006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500010 ER PT J AU Dodelson, S Vallinotto, A AF Dodelson, Scott Vallinotto, Alberto TI Learning from the scatter in type Ia supernovae SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT-LAMBDA; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST; POWER SPECTRUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SCALE STRUCTURE; DARK ENERGY; SKY SURVEY; PARAMETERS; OMEGA(M) AB Type Ia Supernovae are standard candles so their mean apparent magnitude has been exploited to learn about the redshift-distance relationship. Besides intrinsic scatter in this standard candle, additional scatter is caused by gravitational magnification by large scale structure. Here we probe the dependence of this dispersion on cosmological parameters and show that information about the amplitude of clustering, sigma(8), is contained in the scatter. In principle, it will be possible to constrain sigma(8) to within 5% with observations of 2000 Type Ia Supernovae. We identify three sources of systematic error-evolution of intrinsic scatter, baryon contributions to lensing, and non-Gaussianity of lensing-which will make this measurement difficult. C1 Ctr Particle Astrophys, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Dodelson, S (reprint author), Ctr Particle Astrophys, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 063515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.063515 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500028 ER PT J AU Gronau, M Rosner, JL AF Gronau, Michael Rosner, Jonathan L. TI Rate and CP-asymmetry sum rules in B -> K pi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB The observed violation of A(CP)(B-0 -> K+pi(-))=A(CP)(B+-> K+pi(0)) has been recently mentioned as a puzzle for the standard model. We point out that while this violation may be accounted for by a large color-suppressed tree amplitude, a sum rule involving three or four B -> K pi CP asymmetries should hold. The current experimental status of these sum rules and of a sum rule for B -> K pi decay rates is presented. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gronau, M (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 057503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.057503 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900086 ER PT J AU Kallosh, R Sivanandam, N Soroush, M AF Kallosh, Renata Sivanandam, Navin Soroush, Masoud TI Exact attractive non-BPS STU black holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID N=2 SUPERGRAVITY; TRIALITY AB We develop some properties of the non-BPS attractive STU black hole. Our principle result is the construction of exact solutions for the moduli, the metric, and the vectors in terms of appropriate harmonic functions. In addition, we find a spherically symmetric attractor carrying p(0) (D6 brane) and q(a) (2 brane) charges by solving the non-BPS attractor equation (which we present in a particularly compact form) and by minimizing an effective black hole potential. Finally, we make an argument for the existence of multicenter attractors and conjecture that if such solutions exist they may provide a resolution to the existence of apparently unstable non-BPS "attractors.'' C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kallosh, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kallosh@stanford.edu; navins@stanford.edu; soroush@stanford.edu NR 34 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 065008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.065008 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500080 ER PT J AU Mehen, T Tiburzi, BC AF Mehen, Thomas Tiburzi, Brian C. TI Doubly heavy baryons and quark-diquark symmetry in quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD; LOGARITHMS; DECAY AB We extend the chiral Lagrangian with heavy quark-diquark symmetry to quenched and partially quenched theories. These theories are used to derive formulas for the chiral extrapolation of masses and hyperfine splittings of double heavy baryons in lattice QCD simulations. A quark-diquark symmetry prediction for the hyperfine splittings of heavy mesons and doubly heavy baryons is rather insensitive to chiral corrections in both quenched and partially quenched QCD. Extrapolation formulas for the doubly heavy baryon electromagnetic transition moments are also determined for the partially quenched theory. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mehen, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM mehen@phy.duke.edu; bctiburz@phy.duke.edu OI Tiburzi, Brian/0000-0001-8696-2902 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054505 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900063 ER PT J AU Minakata, H Nunokawa, H Parke, SJ Funchal, RZ AF Minakata, H. Nunokawa, H. Parke, S. J. Funchal, R. Zukanovich TI Determining neutrino mass hierarchy by precision measurements in electron and muon neutrino disappearance experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; ABSORPTION; CAPTURE AB Recently a new method for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy by comparing the effective values of the atmospheric Delta m(2) measured in the electron neutrino disappearance channel, Delta m(2)(ee), with the one measured in the muon neutrino disappearance channel, Delta m(2)(mu mu), was proposed. If Delta m(2)(ee) is larger (smaller) than Delta m(2)(mu mu) the hierarchy is of the normal (inverted) type. We reexamine this proposition in the light of two very high precision measurements: Delta m(2)(mu mu) that may be accomplished by the phase II of the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment, for example, and Delta m(2)(ee) that can be envisaged using the novel Mossbauer enhanced resonant nu(e) absorption technique. Under optimistic assumptions for the systematic uncertainties of both measurements, we estimate the parameter region of (theta(13), delta) in which the mass hierarchy can be determined. If theta(13) is relatively large, sin(2)2 theta(13)greater than or similar to 0.05, and both of Delta m(2)(ee) and Delta m(2)(mu mu) can be measured with the precision of similar to 0.5% it is possible to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at > 95% CL for 0.3 pi less than or similar to delta less than or similar to 1.7 pi for the current best fit values of all the other oscillation parameters. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22452970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Minakata, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. EM minakata@phys.metro-u.ac.jp; nunokawa@fis.puc-rio.br; parke@fnal.gov; zukanov@if.usp.br RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Parke, Stephen/0000-0003-2028-6782 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 053008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.053008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900018 ER PT J AU Mottola, E Vaulin, R AF Mottola, Emil Vaulin, Ruslan TI Macroscopic effects of the quantum trace anomaly SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC STRESS TENSOR; SCHWARZSCHILD SPACE-TIME; BLACK-HOLE; FIELD-THEORY; VACUUM POLARIZATION; CONFORMAL SECTOR; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; SIMPLICIAL GRAVITY; HAWKING RADIATION; CURRENT-ALGEBRA AB The low energy effective action of gravity in any even dimension generally acquires nonlocal terms associated with the trace anomaly, generated by the quantum fluctuations of massless fields. The local auxiliary field description of this effective action in four dimensions requires two additional scalar fields, not contained in classical general relativity, which remain relevant at macroscopic distance scales. The auxiliary scalar fields depend upon boundary conditions for their complete specification, and therefore carry global information about the geometry and macroscopic quantum state of the gravitational field. The scalar potentials also provide coordinate invariant order parameters describing the conformal behavior and divergences of the stress tensor on event horizons. We compute the stress tensor due to the anomaly in terms of its auxiliary scalar potentials in a number of concrete examples, including the Rindler wedge, the Schwarzschild geometry, and de Sitter spacetime. In all of these cases, a small number of classical order parameters completely determine the divergent behaviors allowed on the horizon, and yield qualitatively correct global approximations to the renormalized expectation value of the quantum stress tensor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Mottola, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM emil@lanl.gov; vaulin@physics.fau.edu OI Mottola, Emil/0000-0003-1067-1388 NR 81 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 064004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.064004 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500045 ER PT J AU Vitev, I Goldman, T Johnson, MB Qiu, JW AF Vitev, I. Goldman, T. Johnson, M. B. Qiu, J. W. TI Open charm tomography of cold nuclear matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; PROTON AB We study the relative contribution of partonic subprocesses to D meson production and D meson-triggered inclusive di-hadrons to lowest order in perturbative QCD. While gluon fusion dominates the creation of large angle DD pairs, charm on light parton scattering determines the yield of single inclusive D mesons. The distinctly different nonperturbative fragmentation of c quarks into D mesons versus the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into light hadrons results in a strong transverse momentum dependence of anticharm content of the away side charm-triggered jet. In p+A reactions, we calculate and resum the coherent nuclear-enhanced power corrections from the final-state partonic scattering in the medium. We find that single and double inclusive open charm production can be suppressed as much as the yield of neutral pions from dynamical high-twist shadowing. Effects of energy loss in p+A collisions are also investigated phenomenologically and may lead to significantly weaker transverse momentum dependence of the nuclear attenuation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ivitev@lanl.gov; tgoldman@lanl.gov; mbjohnson@lanl.gov; jwq@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 AR 054010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.054010 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IL UT WOS:000240873900031 ER PT J AU Wizansky, T AF Wizansky, Tommer TI Finite temperature corrections to relic density calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FERMIONS AB In this paper we evaluate finite temperature corrections to the dark matter relic density within the context of minimal supersymmetry with a neutralino as the lightest supersymmetric partner (LSP). We identify several regions of parameter space where the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) annihilation cross section is especially sensitive to small corrections to the underlying parameters. In these regions, finite temperature effects have the potential to be important. However, we shall show by explicit calculation that these effects are small. In the regions we investigated, the maximal corrections are on the order of 10(-4) and are therefore negligible compared with theoretical and experimental uncertainties. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wizansky, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 AR 065007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.065007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 089IR UT WOS:000240874500079 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS AF Aranson, Igor S. Tsimring, Lev S. TI Theory of self-assembly of microtubules and motors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS AB We derive a model describing spatiotemporal organization of an array of microtubules interacting via molecular motors. Starting from a stochastic model of inelastic polar rods with a generic anisotropic interaction kernel, we obtain a set of equations for the local rods concentration and orientation. At large enough mean density of rods and concentration of motors, the model describes an orientational instability. We demonstrate that the orientational instability leads to the formation of vortices and (for large density and/or kernel anisotropy) asters seen in recent experiments. We derive the specific form of the interaction kernel from the detailed analysis of microscopic interaction of two filaments mediated by a moving molecular motor and extend our results to include variable motor density and motor attachment to the substrate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 031915 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031915 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100100 PM 17025675 ER PT J AU Cao, HB Wang, CZ Dobbs, D Ihm, Y Ho, KM AF Cao, Hai-Bo Wang, Cai-Zhuang Dobbs, Drena Ihm, Yungok Ho, Kai-Ming TI Codability criterion for picking proteinlike structures from random three-dimensional configurations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; ASTRAL COMPENDIUM; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; RECOGNITION; PERSPECTIVE; MODEL AB We show that the dominant eigenvectors of real protein structural contact matrices are highly correlated with their amino acid sequences. These results suggests that an ab initio sequence-independent profile exists for every protein structure and that this profile is highly effective in differentiating the ordering of amino acids in natural protein sequences from random sequences. This profile provides a structural code and is a key for understanding the unique behavior of protein structures. Using a lattice model, we show that there are special codable structures highly separated from random structures in the dominant eigenvector space of their structural contact matrices. As an example, we show our results provide a good explanation to the "designable principle" of protein structures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cao, HB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 031921 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031921 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100106 ER PT J AU Fukuto, M Gang, O Alvine, KJ Pershan, PS AF Fukuto, Masafumi Gang, Oleg Alvine, Kyle J. Pershan, Peter S. TI Capillary wave fluctuations and intrinsic widths of coupled fluid-fluid interfaces: An x-ray scattering study of a wetting film on bulk liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; VAPOR INTERFACE; ROUGH SURFACES; REFLECTIVITY; MULTILAYERS; LAYERS; REFLECTOMETRY AB An x-ray specular reflectivity (XR) and off-specular diffuse scattering (XDS) study of the coupled thermal capillary fluctuations and the intrinsic profiles of two interacting fluid-fluid interfaces is presented. The measurements are carried out on complete wetting films of perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMC) on the surface of bulk liquid eicosane (C20), as a function of film thickness 30 < D < 160 angstrom. In order to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of the data with minimal complexity, approximate methods for calculating scattering intensities are developed to take into account the subtleties of thermal diffuse scattering from layered liquid surfaces. With these methods, the calculations of XR/XDS intensities are reduced to a single numerical integration of simple functions in real space. In addition, an analytic expression is derived for small-angle XR that contains Debye-Waller-like factors with effective capillary roughness and takes into account the partial correlations of the two interfaces. The expression for the XR is quantitatively accurate so long as the reflection angle is small enough that the scattering from interfaces is distinguishable from bulk scattering. The results of the XR and XDS data analysis indicate that the capillary fluctuations at the two interfaces of the wetting films are partially correlated and their coupling is consistent with the van der Waals interactions. The relatively large intrinsic width (4 similar to 6 angstrom) of the liquid-liquid interface observed for thicker films (D greater than or similar to 50 angstrom) is comparable to the value expected for the bulk liquid-liquid interface (D ->infinity), determined by either the radius of gyration (5.3 angstrom) or the bulk correlation length (4.8 angstrom) of the alkane C20. The intrinsic liquid-vapor interfacial width is sharper (similar to 2 angstrom) and remains essentially constant over the entire probed range of D. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fukuto, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fukuto@bnl.gov; pershan@deas.harvard.edu NR 68 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 031607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031607 PN 1 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100068 PM 17025643 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gardenes, J Malomed, BA Floria, LM Bishop, AR AF Gomez-Gardenes, J. Malomed, B. A. Floria, L. M. Bishop, A. R. TI Discrete solitons and vortices in the two-dimensional Salerno model with competing nonlinearities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; LOCALIZED STATES; DYNAMICS; BREATHERS; LATTICES; STABILITY AB An anisotropic lattice model in two spatial dimensions, with on-site and intersite cubic nonlinearities (the Salerno model), is introduced, with emphasis on the case in which the intersite nonlinearity is self-defocusing, competing with on-site self-focusing. The model applies, for example, to a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a deep two-dimensional (2D) optical lattice. Soliton families of two kinds are found in the model: ordinary ones and cuspons, with peakons at the border between them. Stability borders for the ordinary solitons are found, while all cuspons (and peakons) are stable. The Vakhitov-Kolokolov criterion does not apply to cuspons, but for the ordinary solitons it correctly identifies the stability limits. In direct simulations, unstable solitons evolve into localized pulsons. Varying the anisotropy parameter, we trace a transition between the solitons in 1D and 2D versions of the model. In the isotropic model, we also construct discrete vortices of two types, on-site and intersite centered (vortex crosses and squares, respectively), and identify their stability regions. In simulations, unstable vortices in the noncompeting model transform into regular solitons, while in the model with the competing nonlinearities they evolve into localized vortical pulsons, which maintain their topological character. Bound states of regular solitons and vortices are constructed too, and their stability is identified. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Biocomputac & Fis Sistemas Complejos, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gomez-Gardenes, J (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RI Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/A-3226-2009; Floria, Luis Mario/L-7261-2014; Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/B-5818-2009 OI Floria, Luis Mario/0000-0002-1406-8810; Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/0000-0001-5204-1937 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 036607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036607 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HD UT WOS:000240870300079 PM 17025764 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, M. B. TI Community detection as an inference problem SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We express community detection as an inference problem of determining the most likely arrangement of communities. We then apply belief propagation and mean-field theory to this problem, and show that this leads to fast, accurate algorithms for community detection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 035102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.035102 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HD UT WOS:000240870300002 PM 17025687 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Wang, ST Mccoy, BK Cady, A Pindak, R Caliebe, W Takekoshi, K Ema, K Nguyen, HT Huang, CC AF Liu, Z. Q. Wang, S. T. McCoy, B. K. Cady, A. Pindak, R. Caliebe, W. Takekoshi, K. Ema, K. Nguyen, H. T. Huang, C. C. TI Smectic-C-alpha(*)-smectic-C-* phase transition and critical point in binary mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB We have investigated the smectic-C-alpha(*)-smectic-C-* (SmC alpha*-SmC*) transition in a series of binary mixtures with resonant x-ray diffraction, differential optical reflectivity, and heat capacity measurements. Results show that the phases are separated by a first-order transition that ends at a critical point. We report the observation of such a critical point. We have proposed the appropriate order parameter and obtained values of two critical exponents associated with this transition. The values of the critical exponents suggest that long-range interactions are present in the SmC alpha*-SmC* critical region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France. RP Liu, ZQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 030702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.030702 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100006 PM 17025581 ER PT J AU Machacek, DL Foreman, EA Hoq, QE Kevrekidis, PG Saxena, A Frantzeskakis, DJ Bishop, AR AF Machacek, Debra L. Foreman, Elizabeth A. Hoq, Q. E. Kevrekidis, P. G. Saxena, A. Frantzeskakis, D. J. Bishop, A. R. TI Statics and dynamics of an inhomogeneously nonlinear lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; OPTICAL DISCRETE SOLITONS; EINSTEIN CONDENSED GAS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; BREATHERS; STABILITY; MULTIBREATHERS; EXISTENCE; DNA AB We introduce an inhomogeneously nonlinear Schrodinger lattice, featuring a defocusing segment, a focusing segment and a transitional interface between the two. We illustrate that such inhomogeneous settings present vastly different dynamical behavior in the vicinity of the interface than the one expected in their homogeneous counterparts. We analyze the relevant stationary states, as well as their stability, by means of perturbation theory and linear stability analysis. We find good agreement with the numerical findings in the vicinity of the anticontinuum limit. For larger values of the coupling, we follow the relevant branches numerically and show that they terminate at values of the coupling strength which are larger for more extended solutions. The dynamical development of relevant instabilities is also monitored in the case of unstable solutions. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Western New England Coll, Dept Math, Springfield, MA 01119 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. RP Machacek, DL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 036602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.036602 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HD UT WOS:000240870300074 PM 17025759 ER PT J AU Roshi, A Barjami, S Iannacchione, GS Paterson, D McNulty, I AF Roshi, A. Barjami, S. Iannacchione, G. S. Paterson, D. McNulty, I. TI Structure and dynamics of a nanocolloidal silica gel dispersion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; FRACTAL COLLOIDAL GELS; SHORT DATA BATCHES; PHOTON-CORRELATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECKLE AB We studied the structure and the dynamics of a nanocolloidal silica gel dispersed in an organic solvent [octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB)] as a function of the silica density by x-ray intensity fluctuation spectroscopy (XIFS). The silica density of the dispersed aerosil gel samples ranged from 0.03 to 0.20 g cm(-3) and the autocorrelation of the silica scattering was probed over the q range from 0.03 to 0.15 nm(-1) (corresponding to length scales from 42 to 209 nm) at a constant room temperature at which 8CB is in the smectic-A phase. The gel structure has a fractal dimension in this density range of d(f)similar or equal to 2.15. The time autocorrelation functions of the gels show clear density-dependent and complex dynamics. The gel relaxation times are very long and become bimodal with nonergodic character for densities from 0.10 to 0.16 g cm(-3). In this same density range, the fluctuation contrast (strength) is a minimum while the relaxation time becomes independent of wave vector. Together, these results indicate that there is a narrow silica density range for these gels in which the dynamics changes dramatically. This suggests a complex phase diagram for the dynamics of aerosil gels as a function of densification. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roshi, A (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM gsiannac@wpi.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 031404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031404 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100057 PM 17025632 ER PT J AU Wang, ST Han, XF Liu, ZQ McCoy, BK Huang, CC AF Wang, S. T. Han, X. F. Liu, Z. Q. McCoy, B. K. Huang, C. C. TI Optical studies on the surface-induced tilted layers in freestanding films of two no-layer-shrinkage liquid crystal compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; ELLIPSOMETRY; ARRANGEMENTS; MEDIA AB Null transmission ellipsometry has been employed to study the molecular arrangements in freestanding films of two no-layer-shrinkage liquid crystal homologous compounds above the bulk smectic A-smectic C-* (Sm C-*) transition temperature. An unusual nonplanar-parallel or nonplanar-antiparallel-parallel transition has been observed in both compounds under a proper electric field. With the addition of one CH2 group, while the SmC* phase is more stable thermally, the magnitude of the critical field needed to induce a parallel-antiparallel transition decreases dramatically. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wang, ST (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 031707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.031707 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HB UT WOS:000240870100079 PM 17025654 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Jiang, Y Kremer, K Ziock, H Rasmussen, S AF Zhou, Xin Jiang, Yi Kremer, Kurt Ziock, Hans Rasmussen, Steen TI Hyperdynamics for entropic systems: Time-space compression and pair correlation function approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; SIMULATION AB We develop a generalized hyperdynamics method that is able to simulate slow dynamics in atomistic general (both energy- and entropy-dominated) systems. We show that a few functionals of the pair correlation function, involving two-body entropy, form a low-dimensional collective space, which is a good approximation that is able to distinguish stable and transitional conformations. A bias potential, which raises the energy in stable regions, is constructed on the fly. We examine the slow nucleation processes of a Lennard-Jones gas and show that our method can generate correct long-time dynamics without prior knowledge. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kremer, Kurt/G-5652-2011; MPIP, Theory/I-9884-2014 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 AR 035701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.035701 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 089HD UT WOS:000240870300015 PM 17025700 ER PT J AU Finazzi, M Brambilla, A Biagioni, P Graf, J Gweon, GH Scholl, A Lanzara, A Duo, L AF Finazzi, M. Brambilla, A. Biagioni, P. Graf, J. Gweon, G. -H. Scholl, A. Lanzara, A. Duo, L. TI Interface coupling transition in a thin epitaxial antiferromagnetic film interacting with a ferromagnetic substrate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALLS; NIO FILMS; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB We report experimental evidence for a transition in the interface coupling between an antiferromagnetic film and a ferromagnetic substrate. The transition is observed in a thin epitaxial NiO film grown on top of Fe(001) as the film thickness is increased. Photoemission electron microscopy excited with linearly polarized x rays shows that the NiO film is antiferromagnetic at room temperature with in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropy axis is perpendicular to the Fe substrate magnetization when the NiO thickness is less than about 15 angstrom, but rapidly becomes parallel to the Fe magnetization for a NiO coverage higher than 25 angstrom. C1 Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Finazzi, M (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM marco.finazzi@fisi.polimi.it RI Biagioni, Paolo/A-9940-2011; Brambilla, Alberto/A-4393-2012; Duo, Lamberto/N-9311-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Finazzi, Marco/M-7401-2015 OI Biagioni, Paolo/0000-0003-4272-7040; Brambilla, Alberto/0000-0002-5593-317X; Finazzi, Marco/0000-0002-9197-3654 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 9 AR 097202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.097202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HR UT WOS:000240239000052 PM 17026395 ER PT J AU Han, SW Booth, CH Bauer, ED Huang, PH Chen, YY Lawrence, JM AF Han, S. -W. Booth, C. H. Bauer, E. D. Huang, P. H. Chen, Y. Y. Lawrence, J. M. TI Lattice disorder and size-induced Kondo behavior in CeAl2 and CePt2+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE AB When the size of CeAl2 and CePt2+x particles is reduced to the nanometer scale, antiferromagnetism is suppressed and Kondo behavior predominates, with the Kondo temperature T-K either decreasing (CeAl2) or increasing (CePt2+x) relative to the bulk. Local structure measurements show that these nanoparticles are significantly distorted. While such distortions should strongly affect magnetic and electronic properties, we find they cannot explain the observed changes in T-K. Other size-induced changes to the electronic structure must, therefore, play a significant role. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Han, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 9 AR 097204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.097204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HR UT WOS:000240239000054 PM 17026397 ER PT J AU Menard, JE Bell, RE Gates, DA Kaye, SM LeBlanc, BP Levinton, FM Medley, SS Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Tritz, K Yuh, H AF Menard, J. E. Bell, R. E. Gates, D. A. Kaye, S. M. LeBlanc, B. P. Levinton, F. M. Medley, S. S. Sabbagh, S. A. Stutman, D. Tritz, K. Yuh, H. TI Observation of instability-induced current redistribution in a spherical-torus plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ADVANCED SCENARIOS; EXPERIMENT NSTX; TEARING MODES; ION-TRANSPORT; STEADY-STATE; LONG-PULSE; HIGH-BETA; PROGRESS; STABILIZATION AB A motional Stark effect diagnostic has been utilized to reconstruct the parallel current density profile in a spherical-torus plasma for the first time. The measured current profile compares favorably with neoclassical theory when no large-scale magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are present in the plasma. However, a current profile anomaly is observed during saturated interchange-type instability activity. This apparent anomaly can be explained by redistribution of neutral beam injection current drive and represents the first observation of interchange-type instabilities causing such redistribution. The associated current profile modifications contribute to sustaining the central safety factor above unity for over five resistive diffusion times, and similar processes may contribute to improved operational scenarios proposed for ITER. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Menard, JE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.095002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 080HR UT WOS:000240239000028 PM 17026371 ER PT J AU Sefkow, AB Davidson, RC AF Sefkow, Adam B. Davidson, Ronald C. TI Theoretical models for describing longitudinal bunch compression in the neutralized drift compression experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; CHAMBER TRANSPORT; INERTIAL FUSION; FINAL FOCUS; SIMULATION; BEAMS; ACCELERATOR; CHARGE AB Heavy ion drivers for warm dense matter and heavy ion fusion applications use intense charge bunches which must undergo transverse and longitudinal compression in order to meet the requisite high current densities and short pulse durations desired at the target. The neutralized drift compression experiment (NDCX) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is used to study the longitudinal neutralized drift compression of a space-charge-dominated ion beam, which occurs due to an imposed longitudinal velocity tilt and subsequent neutralization of the beam's space charge by background plasma. Reduced theoretical models have been used in order to describe the realistic propagation of an intense charge bunch through the NDCX device. A warm-fluid model is presented as a tractable computational tool for investigating the nonideal effects associated with the experimental acceleration gap geometry and voltage waveform of the induction module, which acts as a means to pulse shape both the velocity and line density profiles. Self-similar drift compression solutions can be realized in order to transversely focus the entire charge bunch to the same focal plane in upcoming simultaneous transverse and longitudinal focusing experiments. A kinetic formalism based on the Vlasov equation has been employed in order to show that the peaks in the experimental current profiles are a result of the fact that only the central portion of the beam contributes effectively to the main compressed pulse. Significant portions of the charge bunch reside in the nonlinearly compressing part of the ion beam because of deviations between the experimental and ideal velocity tilts. Those regions form a pedestal of current around the central peak, thereby decreasing the amount of achievable longitudinal compression and increasing the pulse durations achieved at the focal plane. A hybrid fluid-Vlasov model which retains the advantages of both the fluid and kinetic approaches has been implemented to describe the formation of pedestals in the current profiles. The comparison between the experimental measurements and the various theoretical models is excellent. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sefkow, AB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 9 AR 090101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.090101 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AV UT WOS:000242570700001 ER PT J AU Stygar, WA Wagoner, TC Ives, HC Corcoran, PA Cuneo, ME Douglas, JW Gilliland, TL Mazarakis, MG Ramirez, JJ Seamen, JF Seidel, DB Spielman, RB AF Stygar, W. A. Wagoner, T. C. Ives, H. C. Corcoran, P. A. Cuneo, M. E. Douglas, J. W. Gilliland, T. L. Mazarakis, M. G. Ramirez, J. J. Seamen, J. F. Seidel, D. B. Spielman, R. B. TI Analytic model of a magnetically insulated transmission line with collisional flow electrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID B ION DIODES; SMOOTH-BORE MAGNETRON; STABILITY PROPERTIES; COAXIAL GEOMETRY; BRILLOUIN-FLOW; IMPEDANCE; FIELD; VACUUM; EQUILIBRIA; TRANSPORT AB We have developed a relativistic-fluid model of the flow-electron plasma in a steady-state one-dimensional magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). The model assumes that the electrons are collisional and, as a result, drift toward the anode. The model predicts that in the limit of fully developed collisional flow, the relation between the voltage V-a, anode current I-a, cathode current I-k, and geometric impedance Z(0) of a 1D planar MITL can be expressed as V-a = I(a)Z(0)h(chi), where h(chi) = [(chi+1)/4(chi-1)](1/2) - ln[chi + (chi(2)-1)(1/2)]2 chi(chi-1) and chi = I-a/I-k. The relation is valid when V-a greater than or similar to 1 MV. In the minimally insulated limit, the anode current I-a,I- min = 1.78V(a)/Z(0), the electron-flow current I-f,I-min = 1.25 V-a/Z(0), and the flow impedance Z(f,min) = 0.588 Z(0). {The electron-flow current I-f = I-a - I-k. Following Mendel and Rosenthal [ Phys. Plasmas 2, 1332 ( 1995)], we define the flow impedance Z(f) as V-a/(I-a(2)-I-k(2))(1/2)}. In the well-insulated limit (i.e., when I-a >> I-a,I-min), the electron-flow current I-f = 9V(a)(2)/8I(a)Z(0)(2) and the flow impedance Z(f) = 2Z(0)/3. Similar results are obtained for a 1D collisional MITL with coaxial cylindrical electrodes, when the inner conductor is at a negative potential with respect to the outer, and Z(0) less than or similar to 40 Omega. We compare the predictions of the collisional model to those of several MITL models that assume the flow electrons are collisionless. We find that at given values of V-a and Z(0), collisions can significantly increase both I-a,I-min and I-f,I-min above the values predicted by the collisionless models, and decrease Z(f,min). When I-a >> I-a,I-min, we find that, at given values of V-a, Z(0), and I-a, collisions can significantly increase I-f and decrease Z(f). Since the steady-state collisional model is valid only when the drift of electrons toward the anode has had sufficient time to establish fully developed collisional flow, and collisionless models assume there is no net electron drift toward the anode, we expect these two types of models to provide theoretical bounds on I-a, I-f, and Z(f). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Stygar, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 9 AR 090401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.090401 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AV UT WOS:000242570700002 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, V Pogorelsky, IV AF Yakimenko, V. Pogorelsky, I. V. TI Polarized gamma source based on Compton backscattering in a laser cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; GUN AB We propose a novel gamma source suitable for generating a polarized positron beam for the next generation of electron-positron colliders, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). This 30-MeV polarized gamma source is based on Compton scattering inside a picosecond CO2 laser cavity generated from electron bunches produced by a 4-GeV linac. We identified and experimentally verified the optimum conditions for obtaining at least one gamma photon per electron. After multiplication at several consecutive interaction points, the circularly polarized gamma rays are stopped on a target, thereby creating copious numbers of polarized positrons. We address the practicality of having an intracavity Compton-polarized positron source as the injector for these new colliders. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yakimenko, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, 820, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD SEP PY 2006 VL 9 IS 9 AR 091001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.091001 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AV UT WOS:000242570700004 ER PT J AU Balabekyan, AR Danagulyan, AS Drnoyan, JR Hovhannisyan, GH Adam, J Kalinnikov, VG Krivopustov, MI Pronskikh, VS Stegailov, VI Solnyshkin, AA Chaloun, P Tsoupko-Sitnikov, VM Mashnik, SG Gudima, KK AF Balabekyan, A. R. Danagulyan, A. S. Drnoyan, J. R. Hovhannisyan, G. H. Adam, J. Kalinnikov, V. G. Krivopustov, M. I. Pronskikh, V. S. Stegailov, V. I. Solnyshkin, A. A. Chaloun, P. Tsoupko-Sitnikov, V. M. Mashnik, S. G. Gudima, K. K. TI Formation of light isotopes by protons and deuterons of 3.65 GeV/nucleon on separated tin isotopes SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; RESIDUAL NUCLEI; THERMAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION; FRAGMENT PRODUCTION; DEPENDENCE AB We measure cross sections for residual nuclide formation in the mass range 7 <= A <= 96 caused by bombardment with protons and deuterons of 3.65-GeV/nucleon energy of enriched tin isotopes (Sn-112,Sn-118,Sn-120,Sn-124). The experimental data are compared with calculations by the codes FLUKA, LAHET, CEM03. and LAQGSM03. Scaling behavior is observed for the whole mass region of residual nuclei, showing a possible multifragmentation mechanism for the formation of light products (7 <= A <= 30). Our analysis of the isoscaling dependence also shows a possible contribution Of multifragmentation to the production of heavier nuclides, in the mass region 40 <= A <= 80. C1 Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan, Armenia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Oblast, Russia. INF AS, Rez, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Moldavian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Kishinev, Moldova. RP Balabekyan, AR (reprint author), Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan, Armenia. EM balabekyan@ysu.am RI Adam, Jindrich /G-9788-2014 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1485 EP 1495 DI 10.1134/S1063778806090079 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 093NE UT WOS:000241174200007 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Kataoka, DE Troian, SM AF Davis, Jeffrey M. Kataoka, Dawn E. Troian, Sandra M. TI Transient dynamics and structure of optimal excitations in thermocapillary spreading: Precursor film model SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID THIN LIQUID-FILMS; DRIVEN CONTACT LINES; HYDRODYNAMIC FINGERING INSTABILITY; VISCOUS SHEAR-FLOW; WETTING FILMS; UNDERCOMPRESSIVE SHOCKS; SURFACE-TENSION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PATTERNED SURFACES; TRAVELING-WAVES AB Linearized modal stability theory has shown that the thermocapillary spreading of a liquid film on a homogeneous, completely wetting surface can produce a rivulet instability at the advancing front due to formation of a capillary ridge. Mechanisms that drain fluid from the ridge can stabilize the flow against rivulet formation. Numerical predictions from this analysis for the film speed, shape, and most unstable wavelength agree remarkably well with experimental measurements even though the linearized disturbance operator is non-normal, which allows transient growth of perturbations. Our previous studies using a more generalized nonmodal stability analysis for contact lines models describing partially wetting liquids (i.e., either boundary slip or van der Waals interactions) have shown that the transient amplification is not sufficient to affect the predictions of eigenvalue analysis. In this work we complete examination of the various contact line models by studying the influence of an infinite and flat precursor film, which is the most commonly employed contact line model for completely wetting films. The maximum amplification of arbitrary disturbances and the optimal initial excitations that elicit the maximum growth over a specified time, which quantify the sensitivity of the film to perturbations of different structure, are presented. While the modal results for the three different contact line models are essentially indistinguishable, the transient dynamics and maximum possible amplification differ, which suggests different transient dynamics for completely and partially wetting films. These differences are explained by the structure of the computed optimal excitations, which provides further basis for understanding the agreement between experiment and predictions of conventional modal analysis. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jmdavis@ecs.umass.edu; stroian@princeton.edu NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 AR 092101 DI 10.1063/1.2345372 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 089JV UT WOS:000240877600005 ER PT J AU Schlamp, S Hathorn, BC AF Schlamp, Stefan Hathorn, Bryan C. TI Molecular alignment in a shock wave SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PRESSURE TENSOR; INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS; MONTE-CARLO; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURES; INTERFACE AB Molecular dynamics simulations of dense nitrogen show that nonspherical molecules have a weak tendency to align their molecular axis such that it lies parallel to the plane of a shock wave front. As a consequence, there is also an even weaker tendency for the molecular rotation axis to align perpendicular to the shock front. The underlying mechanism is discussed and it is argued that this phenomenon can only be observed for dense fluids and only when considering realistic molecular interactions. A single relevant nondimensional parameter is proposed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 ETH, Inst Fluid Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schlamp, S (reprint author), ETH, Inst Fluid Dynam, Sonneggstr 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM schlamp@ifd.mavt.ethz.ch; hathornb@ornl.gov RI Schlamp, Stefan/A-9143-2008 OI Schlamp, Stefan/0000-0002-9933-3096 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 AR 096101 DI 10.1063/1.2333692 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 089JV UT WOS:000240877600023 ER PT J AU Berger, RL Constantin, C Divol, L Meezan, N Froula, DH Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ Niemann, C AF Berger, R. L. Constantin, C. Divol, L. Meezan, N. Froula, D. H. Glenzer, S. H. Suter, L. J. Niemann, C. TI Laser light backscatter from intermediate and high Z plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED-BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; NONLINEAR SATURATION; THOMSON SCATTERING; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; DRIVEN; ENERGETICS; TARGETS; FILAMENTATION AB In experiments at the Omega Laser Facility [J. M. Soures , Fusion Technol. 30, 492 (1996)], stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) from gasbags filled with krypton and xenon gases was ten times lower than from CO2-filled gasbags with similar electron densities. The SBS backscatter was a 1%-5% for both 527 and 351 nm interaction beams at an intensity of similar to 10(15) W/cm(2). The SRS backscatter was less than 1%. The 351 nm interaction beam is below the threshold for filamentation and the SBS occurs in the density plateau between the blast waves. Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of the incident and SBS light account for the lower reflectivity from krypton than from CO2. The 527 nm interaction beam filaments in the blowoff plasma before the beam propagates through the blast wave, where it is strongly absorbed. Thus, most of the 527 nm SBS occurs in the flowing plasma outside the blast waves. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Berger, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berger5@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092702 DI 10.1063/1.2231510 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800041 ER PT J AU Birn, J Hesse, M Schindler, K AF Birn, J. Hesse, M. Schindler, K. TI Entropy conservation in simulations of magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON DISSIPATION; FIELD; DYNAMICS; PLASMA; LINE AB Entropy and mass conservation are investigated for the dynamic field evolution associated with fast magnetic reconnection, based on the "Newton Challenge" problem [Birn , Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L06105 (2005)]. In this problem, the formation of a thin current sheet and magnetic reconnection are initiated in a plane Harris-type current sheet by temporally limited, spatially varying, inflow of magnetic flux. Using resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, specifically the entropy and mass integrated along the magnetic flux tubes are compared between the simulations. In the MHD simulation these should be exactly conserved quantities, when slippage and Ohmic dissipation are negligible. It is shown that there is very good agreement between the conservation of these quantities in the two simulation approaches, despite the effects of dissipation, provided that the resistivity in the MHD simulation is strongly localized. This demonstrates that dissipation is highly localized in the PIC simulation also, and that heat flux across magnetic flux tubes has negligible effect as well, so that the entropy increase on a full flux tube remains small even during reconnection. The mass conservation also implies that the frozen-in flux condition of ideal MHD is a good integral approximation outside the reconnection site. This result lends support for using the entropy-conserving MHD approach not only before and after reconnection but even as a constraint connecting the two phases. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092117 DI 10.1063/1.2349440 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800018 ER PT J AU Camporeale, E Delzanno, GL Lapenta, G Daughton, W AF Camporeale, Enrico Delzanno, Gian Luca Lapenta, Giovanni Daughton, William TI New approach for the study of linear Vlasov stability of inhomogeneous systems SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; ION KINK INSTABILITY; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NEUTRAL SHEET; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; KINETIC-THEORY; SIMULATIONS; ONSET; FIELD AB This paper presents an alternative technique for solving the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell set of equations, in which the velocity dependence of the perturbed distribution function is described by means of an infinite series of orthogonal functions, chosen as Hermite polynomials. The orthogonality properties of such functions allow us to decompose the Vlasov equation into a set of infinite coupled linear equations. With a suitable truncation relation, the problem is transformed in an eigenvalue problem. This technique is based on solid but easy concepts, not attempting to evaluate the integration over the unperturbed trajectories and can be applied to any equilibrium. Although the solutions are approximate, because they neglect contributions of higher order coefficients of the series, the physical meaning of the low-order coefficients is clear. Furthermore the accuracy of the solution, which depends on the number of terms taken into account in the Hermite series, appears to be merely a problem of computational power. The method has been tested for a 1D Harris equilibrium, known to give rise to several instabilities like tearing, drift kink, and lower hybrid. The results are shown in agreement with those obtained by Daughton with a traditional technique based on the integration over unperturbed orbits. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp T15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Camporeale, E (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London, England. EM e.camporeale@qmul.ac.uk; delzanno@lanl.gov; lapenta@lanl.gov; william-daughton@uiowa.edu RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Delzanno, Gian Luca/0000-0002-7030-2683; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092110 DI 10.1063/1.2345358 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800011 ER PT J AU Ferraro, NM Jardin, SC AF Ferraro, N. M. Jardin, S. C. TI Finite element implementation of Braginskii's gyroviscous stress with application to the gravitational instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS; PHYSICS AB A general coordinate-independent expression for Braginskii's form of the ion gyroviscosity in the two-dimensional potential field representation is presented, and is implemented in a full two-dimensional, two-fluid extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical model. The expression for the gyroviscous force requires no field to be differentiated more than twice, and thus is appropriate for finite elements with first derivatives continuous across element boundaries (C-1 finite elements). From the extended MHD model, which includes the full gyroviscous stress, are derived linear dispersion relations of a homogeneous equilibrium and of an inverted-density profile in the presence of gravity. The treatment of the gravitational instability presented here extends previous work on the subject [M. N. Rosenbluth, N. A. Krall, and N. Rostoker, Nucl. Fusion Suppl. 1, 143 (1962); K. V. Roberts and J. B. Taylor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 197 (1962)]. Linear and nonlinear simulations of the gravitational instability are presented. Simulations are shown to agree closely with the derived dispersion relations in the linear regime. The "gyroviscous cancellation" effect is demonstrated, and some limitations of the nu* approximation are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ferraro, NM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; OI Ferraro, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6348-7827 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092101 DI 10.1063/1.2236277 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800002 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Bell, MG Fredrickson, ED Lee, KC Maqueda, RJ Snyder, P Tritz, K Zweben, SJ Bell, RE Biewer, TM Bush, CE Boedo, J Brooks, NH Delgado-Aparicio, L Domier, CW Gates, DA Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Luhmann, NC Menard, JE Mueller, D Park, H Raman, R Roquemore, AL Sabbagh, SA Soukhanovskii, VA Stevenson, T Stutman, D AF Maingi, R. Bell, M. G. Fredrickson, E. D. Lee, K. C. Maqueda, R. J. Snyder, P. Tritz, K. Zweben, S. J. Bell, R. E. Biewer, T. M. Bush, C. E. Boedo, J. Brooks, N. H. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Domier, C. W. Gates, D. A. Johnson, D. W. Kaita, R. Kaye, S. M. Kugel, H. W. LeBlanc, B. P. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Menard, J. E. Mueller, D. Park, H. Raman, R. Roquemore, A. L. Sabbagh, S. A. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Stevenson, T. Stutman, D. TI Characterization of small, Type V edge-localized modes in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ELMY H-MODES; EXPLOSIVE INSTABILITIES; BALLOONING STABILITY; HIGH-DENSITY; NSTX; CONFINEMENT; PEDESTAL; ITER; PLASMAS AB There has been a substantial international research effort in the fusion community to identify tokamak operating regimes with either small or no periodic bursts of particles and power from the edge plasma, known as edge-localized modes (ELMs). While several candidate regimes have been presented in the literature, very little has been published on the characteristics of the small ELMs themselves. One such small ELM regime, also known as the Type V ELM regime, was recently identified in the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, S. M. Kaye, Y.-K. M. Peng , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)]. In this paper, the spatial and temporal structure of the Type V ELMs is presented, as measured by several different diagnostics. The composite picture of the Type V ELM is of an instability with one or two filaments that rotate toroidally at similar to 5-10 km/s, in the direction opposite to the plasma current and neutral beam injection. The toroidal extent of Type V ELMs is typically similar to 5 m, whereas the cross-field (radial) extent is typically similar to 10 cm (3 cm), yielding a portrait of an electromagnetic, ribbon-like perturbation aligned with the total magnetic field. The filaments comprising the Type V ELM appear to be destabilized near the top of the H-mode pedestal and drift radially outward as they rotate toroidally. After the filaments come in contact with the open field lines, the divertor plasma perturbations are qualitatively similar to other ELM types, albeit with only one or two filaments in the Type V ELM versus more filaments for Type I or Type III ELMs. Preliminary stability calculations eliminate pressure driven modes as the underlying instability for Type V ELMs, but more work is required to determine if current driven modes are responsible for destabilization. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092510 DI 10.1063/1.2226986 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800037 ER PT J AU Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Stotler, DP Zweben, SJ LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Maqueda, RJ Boedo, J AF Myra, J. R. D'Ippolito, D. A. Stotler, D. P. Zweben, S. J. LeBlanc, B. P. Menard, J. E. Maqueda, R. J. Boedo, J. TI Blob birth and transport in the tokamak edge plasma: Analysis of imaging data SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; DIII-D TOKAMAK; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY; FLUCTUATIONS; INTERMITTENCY; DEVICES AB High-speed high-spatial-resolution data obtained by the gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic on the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, M.G. Bell, R.E. Bell Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45, A335 (2003).] is analyzed and interpreted in light of recent theoretical models for electrostatic edge turbulence and blob propagation. The experiment is described in terms of theoretical regimes that predict different dependencies for the radial velocity of blob convection. Using the GPI data, atomic physics analysis, and blob tracking on a restricted dataset, it is shown that the observed blob velocities in the scrape-off layer are bounded by a theory-based minimum velocity associated with the sheath-connected regime. A similar maximum velocity bound associated with the resistive-ballooning regime is also observed. Turning to the question of blob creation, it is shown that blobs are born with a density and temperature characteristic of the plasma conditions where underlying linear edge drift-curvature instabilities are localized. Finally, statistical variations in blob properties and in the radial blob velocity for given edge conditions are significant, and tend to mask any systematic changes among discharges with different conditions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, 2400 Cent Ave P-5, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 52 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092509 DI 10.1063/1.2355668 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800036 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Genoni, TC Welch, DR Mehlhorn, TA Porter, JL Ditmire, T AF Rose, D. V. Genoni, T. C. Welch, D. R. Mehlhorn, T. A. Porter, J. L. Ditmire, T. TI Flute instability growth on a magnetized plasma column SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; DEUTERIUM-CLUSTER PLASMAS; HEAVY-ION FUSION; NUCLEAR-FUSION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY; INHOMOGENEOUS-PLASMA; 2-STREAM STABILITY; COULOMB EXPLOSION; GAS-CELL AB The growth of the flute-type instability for a field-aligned plasma column immersed in a uniform magnetic field is studied. Particle-in-cell simulations are compared with a semi-analytic dispersion analysis of the drift cyclotron instability in cylindrical geometry with a Gaussian density profile in the radial direction. For the parameters considered here, the dispersion analysis gives a local maximum for the peak growth rates as a function of R/r(i), where R is the Gaussian characteristic radius and r(i) is the ion gyroradius. The electrostatic and electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation results give azimuthal and radial mode numbers that are in reasonable agreement with the dispersion analysis. The electrostatic simulations give linear growth rates that are in good agreement with the dispersion analysis results, while the electromagnetic simulations yield growth rate trends that are similar to the dispersion analysis but that are not in quantitative agreement. These differences are ascribed to higher initial field fluctuation levels in the electromagnetic field solver. Overall, the simulations allow the examination of both the linear and nonlinear evolution of the instability in this physical system up to and beyond the point of wave energy saturation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM David.Rose@vosssci.com NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092507 DI 10.1063/1.2349431 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800034 ER PT J AU Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Tritz, K Redi, MH Kaye, SM Bell, MG Bell, RE LeBlanc, BP Hill, KW Medley, SS Menard, JE Rewoldt, G Wang, WX Synakowski, EJ Levinton, F Kubota, S Bourdelle, C Dorland, W AF Stutman, D. Finkenthal, M. Tritz, K. Redi, M. H. Kaye, S. M. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. LeBlanc, B. P. Hill, K. W. Medley, S. S. Menard, J. E. Rewoldt, G. Wang, W. X. Synakowski, E. J. Levinton, F. Kubota, S. Bourdelle, C. Dorland, W. CA NSTX Team TI Studies of improved electron confinement in low density L-mode National Spherical Torus Experiment Discharges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ASPECT-RATIO; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; EXPERIMENT NSTX; TOKAMAKS; TURBULENCE; PHYSICS; PLASMAS; SUPPRESSION; SIMULATION; BARRIERS AB Electron transport is rapid in most National Spherical Torus Experiment, M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000) beam heated plasmas. A regime of improved electron confinement is nevertheless observed in low density L-mode ("low-confinement") discharges heated by early beam injection. Experiments were performed in this regime to study the role of the current profile on thermal transport. Variations in the magnetic shear profile were produced by changing the current ramp rate and onset of neutral beam heating. An increased electron temperature gradient and local minimum in the electron thermal diffusivity were observed at early times in plasmas with the fastest current ramp and earliest beam injection. In addition, an increased ion temperature gradient associated with a region of reduced ion transport is observed at slightly larger radii. Ultrasoft x-ray measurements of double-tearing magnetohydrodynamic activity, together with current diffusion calculations, point to the existence of negative magnetic shear in the core of these plasmas. Discharges with slower current ramp and delayed beam onset, which are estimated to have more monotonic q-profiles, do not exhibit regions of reduced transport. The results are discussed in the light of the initial linear microstability assessment of these plasmas, which suggests that the growth rate of all instabilities, including microtearing modes, can be reduced by negative or low magnetic shear in the temperature gradient region. Several puzzles arising from the present experiments are also highlighted. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CEA, EURATOM Assoc, Cadarache, France. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stutman, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092511 DI 10.1063/1.2355664 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800038 ER PT J AU Wang, WX Lin, Z Tang, WM Lee, WW Ethier, S Lewandowski, JLV Rewoldt, G Hahm, TS Manickam, J AF Wang, W. X. Lin, Z. Tang, W. M. Lee, W. W. Ethier, S. Lewandowski, J. L. V. Rewoldt, G. Hahm, T. S. Manickam, J. TI Gyro-kinetic simulation of global turbulent transport properties in tokamak experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GYROKINETIC PARTICLE SIMULATIONS; DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; E X B; ZONAL FLOWS; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL GEOMETRY; GENERAL GEOMETRY; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; PLASMA AB A general geometry gyro-kinetic model for particle simulation of plasma turbulence in tokamak experiments is described. It incorporates the comprehensive influence of noncircular cross section, realistic plasma profiles, plasma rotation, neoclassical (equilibrium) electric fields, and Coulomb collisions. An interesting result of global turbulence development in a shaped tokamak plasma is presented with regard to nonlinear turbulence spreading into the linearly stable region. The mutual interaction between turbulence and zonal flows in collisionless plasmas is studied with a focus on identifying possible nonlinear saturation mechanisms for zonal flows. A bursting temporal behavior with a period longer than the geodesic acoustic oscillation period is observed even in a collisionless system. Our simulation results suggest that the zonal flows can drive turbulence. However, this process is too weak to be an effective zonal flow saturation mechanism. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, WX (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 57 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 AR 092505 DI 10.1063/1.2338775 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 089JX UT WOS:000240877800032 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA AF Kresin, Vladimir Z. Ovchinnikov, Yurii N. Wolf, Stuart A. TI Inhomogeneous superconductivity and the "pseudogap" state of novel superconductors SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-T-C; ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC-HEAT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; NA-DOPED WO3; A-B PLANES; THIN-FILMS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; UNDERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB Many novel superconducting compounds such as the high T-c oxides are intrinsically inhomogeneous systems by virtue of the superconductivity being closely related to the carrier density which is in turn provided in most cases by doping. An inhomogeneous structure is thus created by the statistical nature of the distribution of dopants. At the same time doping also leads to pair-breaking and, consequently, to a local depression of Tc. This is a major factor leading to inhomogeneity. As a result, the critical temperature is spatially dependent: T-c T-c(r). The "pseudogap" state is characterized by several energy scales: T*, T-c*, and Tc. The highest energy scale (T*) corresponds to phase separation (at T < T*) into a mixed metallic-insulating structure. Especially interesting is the region T-c* > T > T-c where the compound contains superconducting "islands" embedded in a normal metallic matrix. As a result, the system is characterized by a normal conductance along with an energy gap structure, anomalous diamagnetism, unusual a.c. properties, an isotope effect, and a "giant" Josephson proximity effect. An energy gap may persist to temperatures above T-c* caused by the presence of a charge density wave (CDW) or spin density wave (SDW) in the region T > T-c* but less than T*, whereas below T-c* superconducting pairing also makes a contribution to the energy gap (T-c* is an "intrinsic" critical temperature). The values of T*, T-c*, T-c depend on the compound and the doping level. The transition at T-c into the dissipationless (R = 0) macroscopically coherent state is of a percolation nature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vzkresin@lbl.gov RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 147 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 431 IS 5 BP 231 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2006.05.006 PG 29 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 076QI UT WOS:000239972400001 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical point science as drama SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086ZG UT WOS:000240711200016 ER PT J AU Freeman, JL Zhang, LH Marcus, MA Fakra, S McGrath, SP Pilon-Smits, EAH AF Freeman, John L. Zhang, Li Hong Marcus, Matthew A. Fakra, Sirine McGrath, Steve P. Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. TI Spatial imaging, speciation, and quantification of selenium in the hyperaccumulator plants Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; ACCUMULATING PLANTS; ALYSSUM-LESBIACUM; INDIAN MUSTARD; AMINO ACIDS; TOLERANCE; ASSIMILATION; SULFUR AB Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata hyperaccumulate selenium (Se) up to 1% of plant dry weight. In the field, Se was mostly present in the young leaves and reproductive tissues of both hyperaccumulators. Microfocused scanning x-ray fluorescence mapping revealed that Se was hyperaccumulated in trichomes in young leaves of A. bisulcatus. None of 10 other elements tested were accumulated in trichomes. Micro x-ray absorption spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that Se in trichomes was present in the organic forms methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys; 53%) and g-glutamyl-MeSeCys (47%). In the young leaf itself, there was 30% inorganic Se (selenate and selenite) in addition to 70% MeSeCys. In young S. pinnata leaves, Se was highly concentrated near the leaf edge and surface in globular structures that were shown by energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis to be mainly in epidermal cells. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed both MeSeCys (88%) and selenocystathionine (12%) inside leaf edges. In contrast, both the Se accumulator Brassica juncea and the nonaccumulator Arabidopsis thaliana accumulated Se in their leaf vascular tissues and mesophyll cells. Se in hyperaccumulators appears to be mobile in both the xylem and phloem because Se-treated S. pinnata was found to be highly toxic to phloem-feeding aphids, and MeSeCys was present in the vascular tissues of a S. pinnata young leaf petiole as well as in guttation fluid. The compartmentation of organic selenocompounds in specific storage areas in the plant periphery appears to be a unique property of Se hyperaccumulators. The high concentration of Se in the plant periphery may contribute to Se tolerance and may also serve as an elemental plant defense mechanism. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rothamsted Res, Cross Inst Programme Sustainable Soil Funct, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Pilon-Smits, EAH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM epsmits@lamar.colostate.edu RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; Freeman, John/C-4910-2009 OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; NR 69 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1104/pp.106.081158 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081QF UT WOS:000240331400014 PM 16920881 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Vodkin, LO Walter, A Schurr, U AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair Vodkin, Lila O. Walter, Achim Schurr, Ulrich TI The effects of elevated CO2 concentration on soybean gene expression. An analysis of growing and mature leaves SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT POPFACE; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; MICROARRAY DATA; CELL EXPANSION; PLANT-GROWTH; LEAF GROWTH; AIR; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Improvements in carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency lead to increases in maximum leaf area index at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]); however, the molecular drivers for this increase are unknown. We investigated the molecular basis for changes in leaf development at elevated [CO2] using soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. The transcriptome responses of rapidly growing and fully expanded leaves to elevated [CO2] were investigated using cDNA microarrays. We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves. Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves. We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO2] by development interaction. Clustering of these transcripts showed that transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [CO2] compared to growing leaves that developed at ambient [CO2]. The 327 [CO2]-responsive genes largely suggest that elevated [CO2] stimulates the respiratory breakdown of carbohydrates, which provides increased energy and biochemical precursors for leaf expansion and growth at elevated [CO2]. While increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate production at elevated [CO2] are well documented, this research demonstrates that at the transcript and metabolite level, respiratory breakdown of starch is also increased at elevated [CO2]. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Juelich Res Ctr, ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynthesis Res Unit, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Walter, Achim/N-8392-2013 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; NR 48 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 142 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1104/pp.106.086256 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 081QF UT WOS:000240331400015 PM 16877698 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Fu, GY AF Kramer, G. J. Fu, G-Y TI Reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes associated with the ellipticity and triangularity Alfven gaps SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; DIII-D; TOROIDICITY; STABILITY; DRIVEN; JT-60U; MODES; TOKAMAK AB Based on numerical simulations with the magnetohydrodynamic code NOVA, reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes (RSAE) associated with the ellipticity-induced and non-circular triangularity-induced Alfven eigenmode gaps were found. An analytical model for large aspect ratio plasmas confirms the existence of those modes with a pressure gradient threshold that agrees very well with the NOVA calculations. It is predicted that these higher gap RSAEs might be observed in existing large tokamaks in the early phase of reversed shear discharges when the minimum value of the magnetic safety factor is high (larger than two) and in ITER advanced scenario discharges. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gkramer@pppl.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1285 EP 1295 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/9/002 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 078RE UT WOS:000240120200004 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Ruskov, E Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, N Medley, SS Berk, HL Harvey, RW AF Heidbrink, W. W. Ruskov, E. Fredrickson, E. D. Gorelenkov, N. Medley, S. S. Berk, H. L. Harvey, R. W. TI Weak effect of ion cyclotron acceleration on rapidly chirping beam-driven instabilities in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; CLUMP PAIR CREATION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; PLASMAS; MODES; WAVE; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; JT-60U AB The fast-ion distribution function in the National Spherical Torus Experiment is modified from shot to shot while keeping the total injected power at similar to 2MW. Deuterium beams of different energy and tangency radius are injected into helium L-mode plasmas, producing a rich set of instabilities, including compressional Alfven eigenmodes, toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAE), 50-100 kHz instabilities with rapid frequency sweeps or chirps, and strong, low frequency (10-20 kHz) fishbones. The experiment was motivated by a theory that attributes frequency chirping to the formation of holes and clumps in phase-space. In the theory, increasing the effective collision frequency of the fast ions that drive the instability can suppress frequency chirping. In the experiment, high-power (less than or similar to 3MW) high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating accelerates the fast ions in an attempt to alter the nonlinear dynamics. Steady-frequency TAE modes diminish during the HHFW heating but there is little evidence that frequency chirping is suppressed. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1347 EP 1372 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/9/006 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 078RE UT WOS:000240120200008 ER PT J AU Grabovskii, EV Levashov, PR Oleinik, GM Olson, CL Sasorov, PV Smirnov, VP Tkachenko, SI Khishchenko, KV AF Grabovskii, E. V. Levashov, P. R. Oleinik, G. M. Olson, C. L. Sasorov, P. V. Smirnov, V. P. Tkachenko, S. I. Khishchenko, K. V. TI Formation and dynamics of plasma layers formed on the foil surface under the action of a high-current pulse SO PLASMA PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL WIRE ARRAY; ANGARA-5-1 FACILITY; METASTABLE STATES; IMPLOSION; FUSION; TRANSMISSION; PERIPHERY; TUNGSTEN; DENSITY AB Results are presented from studies of the possibility of using a thin metal foil for recyclable vacuum transmission lines with magnetic insulation in a conceptual fusion reactor based on high-voltage high-current electromagnetic generators. Numerical simulations and experiments in the Angara-5-1 facility were carried out to determine both the threshold for the explosion of a foil heated by a current pulse and the parameters of the plasma layer formed at the foil surface. It was found experimentally that an additional plasma current channel forms on the surface of a 120-mu m stainless-steel foil at a linear current density of 0.25-0.5 MA/cm, which corresponds to a magnetic field of 0.3-0.6 MG. For the same conditions, one-dimensional computer simulations of the foil heating were performed in an MHD model by using a wide-range semiempirical equation of state for stainless steel. The calculated threshold for plasma generation on the foil surface is compared with the experimental data. The main parameters of the plasma layer are also calculated at linear current densities of 210 MA/cm, which far exceed the threshold current density. The plasma layer parameters as functions of the linear current density are determined for the case of an iron foil. C1 Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Joint Inst High Temp, Inst High Energy Dens, Moscow 125412, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Russian Res Ctr, IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Grabovskii, EV (reprint author), Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. RI Khishchenko, Konstantin/K-1558-2013; Tkachenko, Svetlana/L-2222-2013 OI Khishchenko, Konstantin/0000-0002-6895-6362; Tkachenko, Svetlana/0000-0003-1480-9073 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-780X J9 PLASMA PHYS REP+ JI Plasma Phys. Rep. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 9 BP 718 EP 728 DI 10.1134/S1063780X06090029 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 093NF UT WOS:000241174300002 ER PT J AU Chang, AJ Chronis, N Karow, DS Marletta, MA Bargmann, CI AF Chang, Andy J. Chronis, Nikolas Karow, David S. Marletta, Michael A. Bargmann, Cornelia I. TI A distributed chemosensory circuit for oxygen preference in C-elegans SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; BODY-FLUID; NEURONS; SEROTONIN; BEHAVIOR; PATHWAY; AGGREGATION; HOMOLOG AB The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has complex, naturally variable behavioral responses to environmental oxygen, food, and other animals. C. elegans detects oxygen through soluble guanylate cyclase homologs (sGCs) and responds to it differently depending on the activity of the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1: npr-1(If) and naturally isolated npr-1(215F) animals avoid high oxygen and aggregate in the presence of food; npr-1(215V) animals do not. We show here that hyperoxia avoidance integrates food with npr-1 activity through neuromodulation of a distributed oxygen-sensing network. Hyperoxia avoidance is stimulated by sGC-expressing oxygen-sensing neurons, nociceptive neurons, and ADF sensory neurons. In npr-1(215V) animals, the switch from weak aerotaxis on food to strong aerotaxis in its absence requires close regulation of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the ADF neurons; high levels of ADF serotonin promote hyperoxia avoidance. In npr-1(If) animals, food regulation is masked by increased activity of the oxygen-sensing neurons. Hyperoxia avoidance is also regulated by the neuronal TGF-beta homolog DAF-7, a secreted mediator of crowding and stress responses. DAF-7 inhibits serotonin synthesis in ADF, suggesting that ADF serotonin is a convergence point for regulation of hyperoxia avoidance. Coalitions of neurons that promote and repress hyperoxia avoidance generate a subtle and flexible response to environmental oxygen. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Neural Circuits & Behav, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Michigan, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bargmann, CI (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM cori@rockefeller.edu OI Bargmann, Cornelia/0000-0002-8484-0618 NR 47 TC 94 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1588 EP 1602 AR e274 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040274 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 087KI UT WOS:000240740900010 PM 16903785 ER PT J AU Vance, AL Alviso, CT Harvey, CA AF Vance, Andrew L. Alviso, Cynthia T. Harvey, Chris A. TI Accelerated degradation of syntactic polysulfide in the presence of Viton A SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE compatibility; syntactic polysulfide; Viton A; degradation mechanisms; headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; PRODUCTS; THERMOOXIDATION; POLYMERS; SPME AB Headspace SPME GUMS was used to monitor the volatile degradation products generated by syntactic polysulfide alone and in the presence of Viton A at elevated temperature. This approach allowed the identification of products from two distinct degradation mechanisms. In one degradation mechanism, which is associated with lead oxide-cured polysulfide, a single cyclic disulfide compound dominated the outgassing signature. The second mechanism was evident only when the polysulfide was in the presence of Viton A at 70 degrees C. In as little as 24 h, the Vitonexposed polysulfide generated multiple outgassing species indicative of an acid-catalyzed degradation process. Within one week of exposure to Viton A, the syntactic polysulfide softened significantly and lost over 6% of its initial mass, and after four weeks, the polysulfide was no longer a solid material. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vance, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-091, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM alvance@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1960 EP 1963 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.02.014 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 062BB UT WOS:000238918200007 ER PT J AU Gillen, KT Bernstein, R Clough, RL Celina, M AF Gillen, K. T. Bernstein, R. Clough, R. L. Celina, M. TI Lifetime predictions for semi-crystalline cable insulation materials: I. Mechanical properties and oxygen consumption measurements on EPR materials SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE EPR; cable insulation; Arrhenius; lifetime prediction; oxygen consumption; oxidation ID NON-ARRHENIUS BEHAVIOR; OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; INFRARED REFLECTION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; POLYETHYLENE; POLYMERS; EXTRAPOLATION; TEMPERATURE AB Long-term accelerated aging studies (up to 7 years of aging) were conducted on four typical EPR materials used as cable insulation in nuclear power plant safety applications with the goal of establishing lifetime estimates at typical aging conditions of similar to 50 degrees C. The four materials showed slow to moderate changes in mechanical properties (tensile elongation) until just before failure where abrupt changes occurred (so-called "induction-time" behavior). Time-temperature superposition was applied to derive shift factors and probe for Arrhenius behavior. Three of the materials showed reasonable time-temperature superposition with the empirically derived shift factors yielding an approximate Arrhenius dependence on temperature. Since the elongation results for the fourth material could not be successfully superposed, consistency with Arrhenius assumptions was impossible. For this material the early part of the mechanical degradation appeared to have an Arrhenius activation energy E-a Of similar to 100 kJ/mol (24 kcal/mol) whereas the post-induction degradation data had an E-a Of similar to 128 kJ/mol. Oxygen consumption measurements were used to confirm the 100 kJ/mol Ea found from early-time elongation results and to show that the chemistry responsible before the induction time is likely to remain unchanged down to 50 degrees C. Reasonable extrapolations of the induction-time results indicated 50 degrees C lifetimes exceeding 300 years for all four materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gillen, KT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ktgille@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 91 IS 9 BP 2146 EP 2156 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.01.009 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 062BB UT WOS:000238918200029 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Lawrence, FV Barkan, CPL Dantzig, JA AF Chen, Y. Lawrence, F. V. Barkan, C. P. L. Dantzig, J. A. TI Heat transfer modelling of rail thermite welding SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART F-JOURNAL OF RAIL AND RAPID TRANSIT LA English DT Article DE rail thermite welding; heat transfer model; finite-element method analysis AB Rail thermite (or Thermit(R)) welding is a valuable welding technology for the railway industry because of its simplicity, portability, and economy. Using the finite-element method, a heat transfer analysis is conducted in this study. Only the heat transfer by conduction was simulated explicitly in the model, the other thermally significant phenomena were included through the boundary and initial conditions. Despite these simplifications, the model can be used to analyse the thermal conditions during thermite welding with sufficient accuracy. The predicted temperature history, weld deposit, and HAZ profiles were in good agreement with the experimental measurements in laboratory welds. It is found that the weld gap is the most influential welding parameter for rail thermite welding. A wider-gap weld appears to be less sensitive to chance variations in the other welding parameters, and therefore fairly consistent thermal conditions can be obtained. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yiren-chen@anl.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4097 J9 P I MECH ENG F-J RAI JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part F-J. Rail Rapid Transit PD SEP PY 2006 VL 220 IS 3 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1243/09544097F01505 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 108VK UT WOS:000242267100003 ER PT J AU Wu, X Zhou, J Duda, A Keane, JC Gessert, TA Yan, Y Noufi, R AF Wu, X. Zhou, J. Duda, A. Keane, J. C. Gessert, T. A. Yan, Y. Noufi, R. TI 13.9%-efficient CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with an infrared transmission of similar to 50% SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE CdTe; tandem solar cells; transmission; thin-films ID LAYERS AB To fabricate a high-efficiency polycrystalline thin-film tandem cell, the most critical work is to make a high-efficiency top cell (>15%) with high bandgap (E-g = 1.5-1.8 eV) and high transmission (T > 70%) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. The CdTe cell is one of the candidates for the top cell, because CdTe state-of-the-art single-junction devices with efficiencies of more than 16% are available, although its bandgap (1.48 eV) is slightly lower for a top cell in a current-matched dual-junction device. In this paper, we focus on the development of a: (1) thin, low-bandgap CuxTe transparent back-contact; and (2) modified CdTe device structure, including three novel materials: cadmium stannate transparent conducting oxide (TCO), ZnSnOx buffer layer, and nanocrystalline CdS:O window layer developed at NREL, as well as the high-quality CdTe film, to improve transmission in the NIR region while maintaining high device efficiency. We have achieved an NREL-confirmed 13.9%-efficient CdTe transparent solar cell with an infrared transmission of similar to 50% and a CdTe/CIS polycrystalline mechanically stacked thin-film tandem cell with an NREL-confirmed efficiency of 15.3%. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3211, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xuanzhi_wu@nrel.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1062-7995 EI 1099-159X J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1002/pip.664 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 086UU UT WOS:000240699300001 ER PT J AU Buonassisi, T Istratov, AA Pickett, MD Heuer, M Kalejs, JP Hahn, G Marcus, MA Lai, B Cai, Z Heald, SM Ciszek, TF Clark, RF Cunningham, DW Gabor, AM Jonczyk, R Narayanan, S Sauar, E Weber, ER AF Buonassisi, T. Istratov, A. A. Pickett, M. D. Heuer, M. Kalejs, J. P. Hahn, G. Marcus, M. A. Lai, B. Cai, Z. Heald, S. M. Ciszek, T. F. Clark, R. F. Cunningham, D. W. Gabor, A. M. Jonczyk, R. Narayanan, S. Sauar, E. Weber, E. R. TI Distributions of metal impurities in multicrystalline silicon materials SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE multicrystalline silicon solar cells; transition metal impurities; contamination; crystal growth; synchrotron-based analytical X-ray microprobe techniques ID X-RAY MICROPROBE; CARRIER DIFFUSION LENGTH; BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; SOLAR-CELLS; RECOMBINATION ACTIVITY; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; IRON CONTAMINATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON AB We present a comprehensive summary of our observations of metal-rich particles in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cell materials from multiple vendors, including directionally-solidified ingot-grown, sheet, and ribbon, as well as multicrystalline float zone materials contaminated during growth. In each material, the elemental nature, chemical states, and distributions of metal-rich particles are assessed by synchrotron-based analytical x-ray microprobe techniques. Certain universal physical principles appear to govern the behavior of metals in nearly all materials: (a) Two types of metal-rich particles can be observed (metal silicide nanoprecipitates and metal-rich inclusions up to tens of microns in size, frequently oxidized), (b) spatial distributions of individual elements strongly depend on their solubility and diffusivity, and (c) strong interactions exist between metals and certain types of structural defects. Differences in the distribution and elemental nature of metal contamination between different mc-Si materials can largely be explained by variations in crystal growth parameters, structural defect types, and contamination sources. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RWE Schott Solar, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. BP Solar, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Evergreen Solar Inc, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. GE Energy, Newark, DE 19702 USA. ScanWafer AS, N-1323 Hovik, Norway. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 62-109,MS 62R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@berkeley.edu RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Hahn, Giso/D-3111-2013 NR 87 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 64 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.1002/pip.690 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 086UU UT WOS:000240699300004 ER PT J AU Osterwald, CR Adelstein, J del Cueto, JA Sekulic, W Trudell, D McNutt, P Hansen, R Rummel, S Anderberg, A Moriarty, T AF Osterwald, C. R. Adelstein, J. del Cueto, J. A. Sekulic, W. Trudell, D. McNutt, P. Hansen, R. Rummel, S. Anderberg, A. Moriarty, T. TI Resistive loading of photovoltaic modules and arrays for long-term exposure testing SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; modules; arrays; loading; exposure; testing AB This paper investigates the feasibility of using fixed resistors instead of active maximum power tracking as electrical loads for long-term exposure testing of photovoltaic modules and arrays. The method of investigation was to compare resistive versus active loading on two modules for which historic current-voltage data over time were available. Also, a small amorphous silicon array was installed with a resistive load and the performance has been monitored versus time. The major conclusion of this work is that fixed resistive loading is an inexpensive and viable means of loading photovoltaic devices for exposure testing if the resistance value used is close to the ratio of the voltage to the current at the maximum power point under Standard Test Conditions. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. EM carl_osterwald@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 6 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1002/pip.693 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 086UU UT WOS:000240699300008 ER PT J AU Kumaran, D Bonanno, JB Burley, SK Swaminathan, S AF Kumaran, Desigan Bonanno, Jeffrey B. Burley, Stephen K. Swaminathan, Subramanyam TI Crystal structure of phosphatidylglycerophosphatase (PGPase), a putative membrane-bound lipid phosphatase, reveals a novel binuclear metal binding site and two "proton wires" SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE binuclear metal site; lipid metabolism; phosphatase; proton wires; PGPase ID PURPLE ACID-PHOSPHATASE; CHLOROPLAST CYTOCHROME-F; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; FILE WATER CHAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; LIGAND INTERACTIONS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PROTEIN STRUCTURES AB Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase (PGPase), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, catalyzes formation of phosphatidylglycerol from phosphatidylglycerophosphate. Phosphatidylglycerol is a multifunctional phospholipid, found in the biological membranes of many organisms. Here, we report the crystal structure of Listeria monocytogenes PGPase at 1.8 angstrom resolution. PGPase, an all-helical molecule, forms a homotetramer. Each protomer contains an independent active site with two metal ions, Ca2+ and Mg2+, forming a heterobinuclear center located in a hydrophilic cavity near the surface of the molecule. The binuclear center, conserved ligands, metal-bound water molecules, and an Asp-His dyad form the active site. The catalytic mechanism of this enzyme is likely to proceed via binuclear metal activated nucleophilic water. The binuclear metal-binding active-site environment of this structure should provide insights into substrate binding and metal-dependent, catalysis. A long channel with inter-linked linear water chains, termed "proton wires," is observed at the tetramer interface. Comparison of similar water chain structures in photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs), Cytochrome f, gramicidin, and bacteriorhodopsin, suggests that PGPase may conduct protons via proton wires. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SGX Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62529] NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 851 EP 862 DI 10.1002/prot.21039 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 074RM UT WOS:000239829500003 PM 16838328 ER PT J AU Han, GW Krishna, SS Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Ginalski, K Elsliger, MA Brittain, SM Abdubek, P Agarwalla, S Ambing, E Astakhova, T Axelrod, H Canaves, JM Chin, HJ DiDonato, M Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Haugen, J Jaroszewski, L Jin, KK Klock, HE Knuth, MW Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Miller, MD Morse, AT Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Oommachen, S Ouyang, J Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rife, C Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Wang, XH West, B White, A Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Deacon, AM Godzik, A Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF Han, Gye Won Krishna, S. Sri Schwarzenbacher, Robert McMullan, Daniel Ginalski, Krzysztof Elsliger, Marc-Andre Brittain, Scott M. Abdubek, Polat Agarwalla, Sanjay Ambing, Eileen Astakhova, Tamara Axelrod, Herbert Canaves, Jaume M. Chin, Hsiu-Ju DiDonato, Michael Grzechnik, Slawomir K. Hale, Joanna Hampton, Eric Haugen, Justin Jaroszewski, Lukasz Jin, Kevin K. Klock, Heath E. Knuth, Mark W. Koesema, Eric Kreusch, Andreas Kuhn, Peter Miller, Mitchell D. Morse, Andrew T. Moy, Kin Nigoghossian, Edward Oommachen, Sylvia Ouyang, Jie Paulsen, Jessica Quijano, Kevin Reyes, Ron Rife, Chris Spraggon, Glen Stevens, Raymond C. van den Bedem, Henry Velasquez, Jeff Wang, Xianhong West, Bill White, Aprilfawn Wolf, Guenter Xu, Qingping Hodgson, Keith O. Wooley, John Deacon, Ashley M. Godzik, Adam Lesley, Scott A. Wilson, Ian A. TI Crystal structure of the ApbE protein (TM1553) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.58 angstrom Resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID S CLUSTER METABOLISM; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; THIAMINE SYNTHESIS; DATA-BANK; LIPOPROTEIN; REFINEMENT; GENERATION; LOCATION; SEQUENCE; ENTERICA C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genomics Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Warsaw Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Math & Computat Modelling, Warsaw, Poland. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI subramanian, srikrishna/D-5004-2009; Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI subramanian, srikrishna/0000-0002-3263-1048; Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411, U54 GM074898] NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1090 DI 10.1002/prot.20950 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 074RM UT WOS:000239829500024 PM 16779835 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Owen, LA Finkel, RC Asahi, K AF Barnard, Patrick L. Owen, Lewis A. Finkel, Robert C. Asahi, Katsuhiko TI Landscape response to deglaciation in a high relief, monsoon-influenced alpine environment, Langtang Himal, Nepal SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GARHWAL HIMALAYA; NORTHERN INDIA; PARAGLACIAL SEDIMENTATION; PRODUCTION-RATES; LAST GLACIATION; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; MOUNT EVEREST; ALLUVIAL FANS; NANGA PARBAT AB Significant glacial fluctuations and rapid paraglacial reworking of glacigenic sediments characterize the Middle and Late Holocene of the Langtang Khola Valley, Central Nepal Himalaya. Geomorphic mapping and beryllium-10 cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) dating of moraines and paraglacial fans were undertaken to test the existing paraglacial fan, terrace and moraine chronologies. The new dating compares favorably with prior studies that utilized radiocarbon, adding additional support to the assumption that fan and terrace formation are strongly linked to deglaciation. Fan and terrace denudation rates are so rapid in this region, averaging similar to 33 mm/yr, that no depositional landforms older than 5 ka are preserved within 250 m of the valley floor. In this region, high rates of denudation during the Late Quaternary are driven by a combination of rapid tectonic uplift, numerous glacial fluctuations and intense weathering driven by an active monsoon climate. Extensive reworking of glacigenic sediments in Langtang during the latter half of the Holocene is consistent with studies completed in other areas of the Himalaya that are strongly influenced by the monsoon. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Barnard, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM pbarnard@usgs.gov NR 81 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 17-18 BP 2162 EP 2176 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.002 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 088NS UT WOS:000240819000009 ER PT J AU Lins, RD Ferreira, R AF Lins, Roberto Dias Ferreira, Ricardo TI The stability of right- and left-handed alpra-helices as a function of monomer chirality SO QUIMICA NOVA LA English DT Article DE chirality; aminoacids; alpha-helices ID MOLECULAR HOMOCHIRALITY; PLURAL ORIGINS; BIOTA; ACIDS AB Poly-L-alanine forms stable right-handed alpha-helices, whereas Poly-D-alanine is stable as left-handed alpha helices. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Quim Fundamental, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lins, RD (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Quim Fundamental, Cidade Univ, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM rferreira100@yahoo.com RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC BRASILEIRA QUIMICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 26037, 05599-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0100-4042 J9 QUIM NOVA JI Quim. Nova PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 5 BP 997 EP 998 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 084RI UT WOS:000240551700020 ER PT J AU Phillips, GW Spann, JE Bogard, JS VoDinh, T Emfietzoglou, D Devine, RT Moscovitch, M AF Phillips, Gary W. Spann, Jerrette E. Bogard, James S. VoDinh, Tuan Emfietzoglou, Dimitris Devine, Robert T. Moscovitch, Marko TI Neutron spectrometry using CR-39 track etch detectors SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA AB Track-size distributions were measured for chemically etched CR-39 foils exposed to monoenergetic neutrons with energies ranging from 0.144 to 19 MeV and to various broad-spectrum neutron sources including spontaneous fission neutrons from Pu-238. These tracks are due to energetic charged particles resulting from interactions of the neutrons with the CR-39. The tracks are visible with an optical microscope after chemical etching and vary in size and configuration depending on the particle, energy and angle of incidence. The foils were analysed using an automatic analysis system that scans the foils, identifies valid tracks and records the track-size parameters. The track-size distributions vary with neutron energy for the monoenergetic sources and with the hardness of the broad-spectrum sources. The distribution from the Pu-238 fission source is readily distinguishable from the other sources measured and from distributions owing to the background. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, Dept Med Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, GW (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,Res Bldg Room E202A, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM phillipg@georgetown.edu RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci675 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 086RZ UT WOS:000240692000094 PM 16735559 ER PT J AU Moore, ME Gepford, HJ Hoffman, JM McKeever, RJ Devine, RT AF Moore, M. E. Gepford, H. J. Hoffman, J. M. McKeever, R. J. Devine, R. T. TI Operational specifications of the laser illuminated track etch scattering dosemeter reader SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The personnel dosimetry operations team at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has accepted the laser illuminated track etch scattering (LITES) dosemeter reader into its suite of radiation dose measurement instruments. The LITES instrument transmits coherent light from a He-Ne laser through the pertinent track etch foil and a photodiode measures the amount of light scattered by the etched tracks. A small beam stop blocks the main laser light, while a lens refocuses the scattered light into the photodiode. Three stepper motors in the current LITES system are used to position a carousel that holds 36 track etch dosemeters (TEDs). Preliminary work with the LITES system demonstrated the device had a linear response in counting foils subjected to exposures up to 50 mSv (5.0 rem). The United States Department of Energy requires that the annual general employee dose not exceed 50 mSv (5.0 rem). On a regular basis, LANL uses the Autoscan-60 reader system (Thermo Electron Corp.) for counting track etch dosemeters. However, LANL uses a 15 h etch process for CR-39 dosemeters, and this produces more and larger track etch pits than the 6 h etch used by many institutions. Therefore, LANL only uses the Autoscan-60 for measuring neutron dose equivalent up to exposure levels of similar to 3 mSv (300 mrem). The LITES system has a measured lower limit of detection of similar to 0.6 mSv (60 mrem), and it has a correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.99 over an exposure range up to 500 mSv (50.0 rem). A series of blind studies were done using three methods: the Autoscan-60 system, manual counting by optical microscope and the LITES instrument. A collection of track etch dosemeters of unknown neutron dose equivalent (NDE) were analysed using the three methods, and the performance coefficient (PC) was calculated when the NDE became known. The Autoscan-60 and optical microscope methods had a combined PC = 0.171, and the LITES instrument had a PC = 0.194, where a PC less than or equal to 0.300 is considered satisfactory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Moore, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM memoore@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncj004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 086RZ UT WOS:000240692000096 PM 16597694 ER PT J AU Fernandes, AC Morlat, T Felizardo, M Collar, JI Puibasset, J Waysand, G Miley, HS Ramos, AR Girard, TA Giuliani, F Limagne, D Marques, JG Martins, RC Oliveira, C AF Fernandes, A. C. Morlat, T. Felizardo, M. Collar, J. I. Puibasset, J. Waysand, G. Miley, H. S. Ramos, A. R. Girard, T. A. Giuliani, F. Limagne, D. Marques, J. G. Martins, R. C. Oliveira, C. TI The simple SDD SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON DETECTION; SUPERHEATED DROPS; DETECTORS AB We describe the fabrication and characterisation of the SIMPLE superheated droplet detector, a 10 g active mass device of C2ClF5 in 1-3% weight concentrations currently employed in a direct search for spin-dependent astroparticle dark matter candidates. C1 Inst Tecnol & Nucl, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Super Tecn, Dept Elect, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7588, Grp Phys Solides, F-75251 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Grp Phys Solides, F-75251 Paris, France. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lab Souterrain Bas Bruit, F-84400 Rustrel Pays Apt, France. RP Fernandes, AC (reprint author), Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Estrada Nacl 10, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. EM anafer@itn.pt RI Marques, Jose/H-6145-2011; Fernandes, Ana/A-6974-2013; Martins, Raul/A-6289-2013; Lopes Ramos Wahl, Ana Rita/C-1337-2012; Oliveira, Carlos/K-2966-2013; Felizardo, Miguel/N-1798-2015; OI Marques, Jose/0000-0002-3724-5664; Martins, Raul/0000-0002-9517-5238; Lopes Ramos Wahl, Ana Rita/0000-0001-6652-7698; Oliveira, Carlos/0000-0002-1101-5836; Felizardo, Miguel/0000-0002-6458-1428; Fernandes, Ana/0000-0001-6880-7634; Girard, Thomas/0000-0003-4113-880X NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1-4 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci690 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 086RZ UT WOS:000240692000104 PM 16644935 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Golzarri, JI Bogard, J Garcia-Macedo, J AF Espinosa, G. Golzarri, J. I. Bogard, J. Garcia-Macedo, J. TI Commercial optical fibre as TLD material SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL New Haven, CT SP Yale Univ Sch Med, Int Org Solid State Dosimetry, Oxford Univ Press, Landauer Inc, Canberra Ind, Global Dosimetry Solut Inc ID DOPED FUSED QUARTZ AB This work presents a study of commercial SiO(2) optical fibre thermoluminescence (TL) properties as part of the efforts within the Dosimetric Application Project at the Physics Institute of the University of Mexico to develop new radiation detection materials and technologies. The SiO(2) commercial optical fibre studied demonstrates useful TL properties and is an excellent candidate for use in TL dosimetry of ionising radiation. The optical fibre's glow curve was observed between 30 and 400 degrees C after exposure to (60)Co gamma radiation. One very well-defined glow peak has a maximum at 230 degrees C. The TL response between 100 and 350 degrees C increases monotonically over a wide dose range, from 0.1 Gy to several kGy. It is linear in the range 0.1-3 Gy, which is important for clinical high dose or accident dosimetry. The optical fibre demonstrated high data reproducibility, low residual signal and almost no fading in our study. Moreover, the optical fibre can be re-used several times, after thermal annealing, without any detriment in the dose-response. All these TL characteristics, plus the small size of the 150 mu m diameter SiO(2) optical fibre, the high flexibility, easy handling and low cost compared with other TL materials, make the commercial optical fibre a very promising TL material for use in research, medicine, industry, reactors, and a variety of other applications. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM espinosa@fisica.unam.mx NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci564 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 086RQ UT WOS:000240691100044 PM 16709711 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Golzarri, JI Rickards, J Gammage, RB AF Espinosa, G. Golzarri, J. I. Rickards, J. Gammage, R. B. TI Study of gel materials as radioactive Rn-222 gas detectors SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Soild State Dosimetry CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL New Haven, CT SP Yale Univ Sch Med, Int Org Solid State Dosimetry, Oxford Univ Press, Landauer Inc, Canberra Ind, Global Dosimetry Solut Inc ID RADON; U-238; DECAY AB Commercial hair gel material (polyvinyl pyrolydone triethanolamine carbopol in water) and bacteriological agar (phycocolloid extracted from a group of red-purple algae, usually Gelidium sp.) have been studied as radioactive radon gas detectors. The detection method is based on the diffusion of the radioactive gas in the gel material, and the subsequent measurement of trapped products of the natural decay of radon by gamma spectrometry. From the several radon daughters with gamma radiation emission (Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Po-210), two elements, Pb-214 (0.352 MeV) and Bi-214 (0.609 MeV), were chosen for the analysis in this work; in order to determine the best sensitivity, corrections were made for the short half-life of the analysed isotopes. For the gamma spectrometry analysis, a hyperpure germanium solid state detector was used, associated with a PC multichannel analyser card with Maestro((R)) and Microsoft((R)) Excel((R)) software. The results show the viability of the method: a linear response in a wide radon concentration range (450-10,000 Bq m(-3)), reproducibility of data, easy handling and low cost of the gel material. This detection methodology opens new possibilities for measurements of radon and other radioactive gases. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM espinosa@fisica.unam.mx NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1093/rpd/nci512 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 086RQ UT WOS:000240691100090 PM 16709716 ER PT J AU Zhou, GM Bennett, PV Cutter, NC Sutherland, BM AF Zhou, Guangming Bennett, Paula V. Cutter, Noelle C. Sutherland, Betsy M. TI Proton-HZE-particle sequential dual-beam exposures increase anchorage-independent growth frequencies in primary human fibroblasts SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-CULTURE MEDIUM; FLUORESCENT LIGHT; STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN-CELLS; RADIATION; DNA; INDUCTION; MEDIA AB The radiation field in deep space contains high levels of high-energy protons and substantially lower levels of high-atomic-number, high-energy (HZE) particles. Calculations indicate that cellular nuclei of human space travelers will be hit during a 3-year Mars mission by similar to 400 protons and similar to 0.4 HZE particles. Thus most cells in astronauts will be hit by a proton(s) before being hit by an HZE particle. To investigate effects of dual ion irradiations on human cells, we irradiated primary human neonatal fibroblasts with protons (1 GeV/nucleon, 20 cGy) followed from 2.5 min to 48 h later by iron or titanium ions (1 GeV/nucleon, 20 cGy) and then measured clonogenic survival and frequency of anchorage-independent growth. This frequency depends on the interval between hydrogen- and iron-ion irradiation, with a critical window between 2.5 min and 1 h producing about three times more anchorage-independent colonies per survivor than expected from simple addition of the two ions separately. The hydrogen-titanium-ion dual-beam irradiation produced similar increases that persisted to similar to 6 h. At longer intervals, anchorage-independent growth frequencies were similar to those expected for additivity. However, irradiation of cells with either an iron or a titanium particle first followed by protons produced only additive levels. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA86897] NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 166 IS 3 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1667/RR0596.1 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 078TA UT WOS:000240125100006 PM 16953667 ER PT J AU Coderre, JA Morris, GM Micca, PL Hopewell, JW Verhagen, I Kleiboer, BJ van der Kogel, AJ AF Coderre, Jeffrey A. Morris, Gerard M. Micca, Peggy L. Hopewell, John W. Verhagen, IlJa Kleiboer, Bert J. van der Kogel, Albert J. TI Late effects of radiation on the central nervous system: Role of vascular endothelial damage and glial stem cell survival SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT SPINAL-CORD; NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BARRIER BREAKDOWN; BRAIN IRRADIATION; X-IRRADIATION; TOLERANCE; MODEL AB Selective irradiation of the vasculature of the rat spinal cord was used in this study, which was designed specifically to address the question as to whether it is the endothelial cell or the glial progenitor cell that is the target responsible for late white matter necrosis in the CNS. Selective irradiation of the vascular endothelium was achieved by the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of a boron compound known as BSH (Na2B12H11SH), followed by local irradiation with thermal neutrons. The blood-brain barrier is known to exclude BSH from the CNS parenchyma. Thirty minutes after the ip injection of BSH, the boron concentration in blood was 100 mu g B-10/g, while that in the CNS parenchyma was below the detection limit of the boron analysis system, < 1 mu g B-10/g. An ex vivo clonogenic assay of the O2A (oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte) glial progenitor cell survival was performed I week after irradiation and at various times during the latent period before white matter necrosis in the spinal cord resulted in myelopathy. One week after 4.5 Gy of thermal neutron irradiation alone (approximately one-third of the dose required to produce a 50% incidence of radiation myelopathy), the average glial progenitor cell surviving fraction was 0.03. The surviving fraction of glial progenitor cells after a thermal neutron irradiation with BSH for a comparable effect was 0.46. The high level of glial progenitor cell survival after irradiation in the presence of BSH clearly reflects the lower dose delivered to the parenchyma due to the complete exclusion of BSH by the blood-brain barrier. The intermediate response of glial progenitor cells after irradiation with thermal neutrons in the presence of a boron compound known as BPA (p-dihydroxyboryl-phenylalanine), again for a dose that represents one-third the ED50 for radiation-induced myelopathy, reflects the differential partition of boron-10 between blood and CNS parenchyma for this compound, which crosses the blood-brain barrier, at the time of irradiation. The large differences in glial progenitor survival seen 1 week after irradiation were also maintained during the 4-5-month latent period before the development of radiation myelopathy, due to selective white matter necrosis, after irradiation with doses that would produce a high incidence of radiation myelopathy. Glial progenitor survival was similar to control values at 100 days after irradiation with a dose of thermal neutrons in the presence of BSH, significantly greater than the ED100, shortly before the normal time of onset of myelopathy. In contrast, glial progenitor survival was less than 1% of control levels after irradiation with 15 Gy of thermal neutrons alone. This dose of thermal neutrons represents the approximate ED90-100 for myelopathy. The response to irradiation with an equivalent dose of X rays (ED90: 23 Gy) was intermediate between these extremes as it was to thermal neutrons in the presence of BPA at a slightly lower dose equivalent to the approximate ED60 for radiation myelopathy. The conclusions from these studies, performed at dose levels approximately iso-effective for radiation-induced myelopathy as a consequence of white matter necrosis, were that the large differences observed in glial progenitor survival were directly related to the dose distribution in the parenchyma. These observations clearly indicate the relative importance of the dose to the vascular endothelium as the primary event leading to white atter necrosis. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Res Inst, Normal Tissue Radiobiol Res Grp, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Hopewell, JW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM john.hopewell@green.ox.ac.uk RI Kogel, A.J./L-4441-2015 NR 33 TC 76 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 166 IS 3 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1667/RR3597.1 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 078TA UT WOS:000240125100007 PM 16953668 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Rayson, GD Obeidat, SM Ralphs, M Estell, R Fredrickson, EL Parker, E Gray, P AF Anderson, Dean M. Rayson, Gary D. Obeidat, Safwan M. Ralphs, Michael Estell, Rick Fredrickson, Ed L. Parker, Eric Gray, Perry TI Use of fluorometry to differentiate among clipped species in the genera Astragalus, Oxytropis, and Pleuraphis SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; fluorescence spectroscopy; poisonous plants; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PLANT-LEAVES; LIF SPECTRA; SWAINSONINE; EMISSION; LOCOWEED; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATIONS; EXTRACTION; FECES AB A rapid and reproducible method to determine botanical composition of forage is an ecological and economic goal for range animal ecologists. Multidimensional fluorometry previously demonstrated the possibility of a unique optical approach for accurately determining species composition of clipped and digested plant materials. Fluorometry may be used to detect toxic plants in standing crop as well as diets by using electronic transitions in chemical structures at wavelengths between 370 and 580 nm. Grass hay (genus Pleuraphis) and 6 clipped forbs (4 species of Astragalus and 2 species of Oxytropis) were examined. The resulting spectral signatures were evaluated for differences in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This represents the first published data using chemometrics to differentiate among fluorophores from these plant extracts. It was possible to distinguish between the grass and forbs and among forbs. Further research will be required to evaluate these same plant species in mixed diets and fecal samples. C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM deanders@nmsu.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 59 IS 5 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.2111/05-212R1.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090CN UT WOS:000240928300015 ER PT J AU Hamada, M Martz, HF Berg, EC Koehler, AJ AF Hamada, Michael Martz, Harry F. Berg, Eric C. Koehler, Arthur J. TI Optimizing the product-based availability of a buffered industrial process SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; availability; optimization; availability allocation; discrete-event simulation; product-based availability; buffered process; buffers ID SERIES-PARALLEL SYSTEMS; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION; POWER-SYSTEM; REDUNDANCY; DESIGN AB Many industrial processes for discrete consumable products consist of a series (or set) of sequential process operations (or subsystems) which are de-coupled by means of in-process storage buffers. Each subsystem of such a process contains one or more parallel coupled or uncoupled operating lanes. We describe the use of a discrete-event simulation model for determining the availability of such a process. We likewise define and use a genetic algorithm to determine process designs and operating rules that have high availability. A 65-variable example, consisting of four operating subsystems with at most four lanes per subsystem, is used to illustrate the method. The results for this and similar real-world applications indicate that, by applying this methodology, it is possible to design buffered industrial processes having high availability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Hamada, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.059 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 072BZ UT WOS:000239648900006 ER PT J AU Talbott, CW See, MT Kaminsky, P Bixby, D Sturek, M Brisbin, IL Kadzere, C AF Talbott, Charles W. See, M. Todd Kaminsky, Peter Bixby, Don Sturek, Michael Brisbin, I. Lehr Kadzere, Charles TI Enhancing pork flavor and fat quality with swine raised in sylvan systems Potential niche-market application for the Ossabaw hog SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ossabaw hogs; endangered breeds; niche markets; alternative diets; mast; sylvo-pastoral; healthy pork ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; CARCASS TRAITS; ACID PROFILES; YUCATAN SWINE; DIETS; PERFORMANCE; PIGS; OIL AB Our global food supply becomes more vulnerable as we continue to lose diverse genetic resources. The Ossabaw hog is a feral breed that is unique to North America, a distant relative to the renowned Iberian hog and is considered an endangered swine breed. The objective of our farmer participatory project was to examine the meat and fat characteristics of Ossabaw hogs raised in alternative management systems for niche-market application. At one farm, eight Ossabaw pigs were randomly assigned to a grass pasture and fed a free choice corn-soy (CS) ration or placed in a mixed hardwood forest plot and provided free choice peanuts in the shells (P), alfalfa pellets (A) and mast from the mixed hardwoods (diet collectively referred to as PAM). The two diets had no effect on Ossabaw production data or pork quality characteristics; however, fat profiles were altered. Ossabaws weighed approximately 70hairspkg when harvested at 400 days and produced chops with small loin eyes (21-23hairspcm(2)) and minimal evidence of intramuscular fat deposits (1%). The unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio improved from 1.6 to 2.6 (P < 0.01) as a result of feeding the PAM diet. Forest-finished Ossabaw pork was considered more flavorful by food critics and renowned chefs than that of conventionally fed animals. Mast from hardwoods offers the possibility of enhancing pork flavor for niche markets and using a renewable forest resource as a food source. For farm two, eight Ossabaw gilts and eight crossbred progeny (from European breeds) were randomly assigned to one of the two dirt-lots and fed free choice a CS ration or PA diet (same ration as mentioned above with no mast). Ossabaw hogs grew nearly one-third as fast as the crosses and weighed approximately 80% of the crosses' harvest weight at twice their age. Loin eye areas of the crosses were nearly twice as large as the Ossabaws while the subcutaneous back fat deposition was nearly half. Compared to the CS diet, the PA ration decreased SFA by 23% while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased by 60%. The USFA to SFA ratios improved from 1.5 to 2.2 (P < 0.01) when PA diets were fed. Differences (P < 0.05) in USFA profiles were observed for breed effects; Ossabaws had 8% higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and 18% lower PUFA levels than the crosses. When adjusted for breed effects, no differences in sensory characteristics for the CS versus PA diets were detected by a trained panel. Ossabaws were more flavorful than the crosses (2.3 versus 1.6); (P < 0.05). C1 SISta, Silver City, NC 27344 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. New York Times Co, Food & Wine Sect, Brooklyn, NY USA. Amer Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Talbott, CW (reprint author), SISta, 293 Rufus Brewer Rd, Silver City, NC 27344 USA. EM ChuckTalbott293@aol.com NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1079/RAF2005130 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 076QL UT WOS:000239972700006 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Sharitz, RR Singer, JH Barton, CD AF De Steven, Diane Sharitz, Rebecca R. Singer, Julian H. Barton, Christopher D. TI Testing a passive revegetation approach for restoring coastal plain depression wetlands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carolina bays; depression wetlands; drought effects; isolated wetlands; revegetation; seed banks; wetland restoration ID CAROLINA BAY WETLANDS; PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLANDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; SEED BANKS; VEGETATION; RESTORATION; DIVERSITY; USA AB Restoration of coastal plain depressions, a biologically significant and threatened wetland type of the southeastern United States, has received little systematic research. Within the context of an experimental project designed to evaluate several restoration approaches, we tested whether successful revegetation can be achieved by passive methods (recruitment from seed banks or seed dispersal) that allow for wetland "self-design" in response to hydrologic recovery. For 16 forested depressions that historically had been drained and altered, drainage ditches were plugged to reestablish natural ponding regimes, and the successional forest was harvested to open the sites and promote establishment of emergent wetland vegetation. We sampled seed bank and vegetation composition 1 year before restoration and monitored vegetation response for 3 years after. Following forest removal and ditch plugging, the restored wetlands quickly developed a dense cover of herbaceous plant species, of which roughly half were wetland species. Seed banks were a major source of wetland species for early revegetation. However, hydrologic recovery was slowed by a prolonged drought, which allowed nonwetland plant species to establish from seed banks and dispersal or to regrow after site harvest. Some nonwetland species were later suppressed by ponded conditions in the third year, but resprouting woody plants persisted and could alter the future trajectory of revegetation. Some characteristic wetland species were largely absent in the restored sites, indicating that passive methods may not fully replicate the composition of reference systems. Passive revegetation was partially successful, but regional droughts present inherent challenges to restoring depressional wetlands whose hydrologic regimes are strongly controlled by rainfall variability. C1 USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2006.00153.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 074EK UT WOS:000239795300014 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Sharpe, SW Covert, MA AF Johnson, Timothy J. Sharpe, Steven W. Covert, Matthew A. TI Disseminator for rapid, selectable, and quantitative delivery of low and semivolatile liquid species to the vapor phase SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FT-IR; GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; GENERATION; APERTURE; DATABASE AB Nelson and Griggs [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 39, 927 (1968)] introduced a quantitative method for disseminating liquid samples to the vapor phase using a lead screw to depress the plunger of a syringe whose body was heated and whose ambient tip was placed into the flow of a carrier gas. In order to measure quantitative vapor-phase infrared spectra, we have modified a commercial device to improve the accuracy and precision for quantitative vapor delivery. Design changes have focused on disseminating reactive or low volatility liquids by heating only the syringe tip and dispensed liquid. Performance features include quantitative vapor-phase generation with greater than three orders of magnitude concentration range, including low volatility species, with most equilibration times < 40 s. The method has been vetted by comparing the derived gas-phase infrared data versus IR spectra taken using both gravimetric (National Institute of Standards Technology) and passive vapor generation (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) techniques. Quantitative vapor spectra of low volatility samples are reported. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 AR 094103 DI 10.1063/1.2349298 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 089KA UT WOS:000240878100031 ER PT J AU McDaniel, S Bennett, K Durham, WB Waddington, ED AF McDaniel, S. Bennett, K. Durham, W. B. Waddington, E. D. TI In situ deformation apparatus for time-of-flight neutron diffraction: Texture development of polycrystalline ice I-h SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RECRYSTALLIZATION; REFINEMENT AB This article documents a new in situ deformation apparatus built for neutron diffraction investigations of polycrystalline materials in low-temperature environments and the first experiment in which it was used. We performed texture analysis of fine-grained polycrystalline D2O ice I-h deformed uniaxially between 230 and 240 K using time-of-flight neutron diffraction on the high-pressure preferred orientation diffractometer at the Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The new deformation apparatus operates at 1 atm of ambient pressure and over temperatures in the range of 77 K < T < 298 K, and accommodates up to 667 N of uniaxially applied load. It is suitable for diffraction studies of any bulk polycrystalline material, ideally cylindrical in shape, and is adaptable to multiple neutron spectrometers, including those at other polychromatic and monochromatic neutron facilities. The first experiment on a hexagonal ice sample demonstrates development of fiber texture in the direction of the applied load. The equipment has many applications to earth science, glaciology, and ice engineering. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDaniel, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smcdaniel@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 AR 093902 DI 10.1063/1.2349603 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 089KA UT WOS:000240878100023 ER PT J AU Poulsen, P Ault, SK AF Poulsen, Peter Ault, Stanley K. TI New method of high-precision thermometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Measurements of temperature using infrared radiation have become common in industry. They are used in process control for materials ranging from steel to glass to silicon, in machinery to monitor component temperature and performance, and to predict component failure. We developed a rapid, noncontact method of accurately measuring the temperature and the spectral emissivity of a surface. Inclusion of the emissivity in the measurement makes it possible to achieve high-precision results. In our method, the power spectrum emitted by a surface is measured first by a multichannel spectrometer; the surface is then illuminated by a full-spectrum light source with a known spectrum, and the sum of the emitted and reflected power from the surface is measured. The data from the two measurements and the governing relations for the radiation and reflection processes are then combined to generate a set of curves that intersects near a solution point, which yields the temperature and the emissivity in the range of wavelengths of one of the channels. The emissivity in the other channels is readily calculated and yields the wavelength-dependent emissivity of the surface. The accuracy of the method for very rapid (submicrosecond) measurements is approximately 1% or less. We named this method the spectrum method because it uses the spectrum of both the emitted and reflected light to make the calculation. The method is more accurate than a grey body calculation because the wavelength-dependent emissivity is an integral part of the calculation of the surface temperature. The accuracy of the temperature and emissivity measurements can be calculated for a system containing five or more channels. We discuss the sources of errors and quantitatively assess their effect. Relative as well as absolute values of the channel emissivities have a significant effect on errors in the emissivity and temperature measurements. This temperature diagnostic has been tested on a tabletop device that allows us to make quick and reproducible measurements. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Precis Thermometry LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poulsen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM precisionthermometry@wecare.net NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 AR 094901 DI 10.1063/1.2349597 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 089KA UT WOS:000240878100037 ER PT J AU Sarin, P Yoon, W Jurkschat, K Zschack, P Kriven, WM AF Sarin, P. Yoon, W. Jurkschat, K. Zschack, P. Kriven, W. M. TI Quadrupole lamp furnace for high temperature (up to 2050 K) synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction studies in air in reflection geometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTOMETRY; REFINEMENT; RADIATION; HEAT AB A four-lamp thermal image furnace has been developed to conduct high temperature x-ray diffraction in reflection geometry on oxide ceramic powder samples in air at temperatures <= 2050 K using synchrotron radiation. A refractory crucible made of Pt20%Rh alloy was used as a specimen holder. A material with well characterized lattice expansion properties was used as an internal crystallographic thermometer to determine the specimen temperature and displacement. The performance of the apparatus was verified by measurement of the thermal expansion properties of CeO2, MgO, and Pt which were found to be within +/- 3% of the acceptable values. The advantages, limitations, and important considerations of the instrument developed are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, UNICAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sarin, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 AR 093906 DI 10.1063/1.2349600 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 089KA UT WOS:000240878100027 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Disselkamp, RS Szanyi, J Peden, CHF Campbell, CT Goodwin, JG AF Yang, Yong Disselkamp, R. S. Szanyi, J. Peden, C. H. F. Campbell, C. T. Goodwin, J. G., Jr. TI Design and operating characteristics of a transient kinetic analysis catalysis reactor system employing in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GAS-SHIFT REACTION; PT/CEO2 CATALYST; CARBON DIOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINA; CO; REACTIVITY; OXIDATION; IR AB A novel apparatus for gas phase heterogeneous catalysis kinetics is described. The apparatus enables fast isotopic transient kinetic analysis (ITKA) to be performed in which both the gaseous and adsorbed species inside the catalytic reactor are monitored simultaneously with rapid-scan transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and its gaseous effluent can be monitored by mass spectroscopy during rapid switching of reagent gas streams. This enables a more powerful version of the well-known steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) technique in which the vibrational spectra of the gas phase and adsorbed species are also probed: FTIR-SSITKA. Unique reactor characteristics include tungsten construction, liquid nitrogen cooling or heating (similar to 200-770 K), pressures of 1.0-2.5 atm, fast reactor disassembly and reassembly, and catalyst loading in a common volume. The FTIR data acquisition rate of this apparatus (3 Hz) is tenfold faster than previously reported instruments. A 95% signal decay time of similar to 3 s for gas switching was measured. Very good temperature reproducibility and uniformity (<+/- 3 K) were observed by in situ rotational temperature analysis, which allows accurate calibration of the reactor thermocouple to the reactor gas temperature. Finally, FTIR-SSITKA capabilities are demonstrated for CO2 isotope switching over a gamma-alumina sample at 75 degrees C, which reveal an adsorbed carbonate species with an average surface residence time of tau=148 +/- 5 s and a coverage of similar to 2.5x10(15) molecules cm(-2). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.disselkamp@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 AR 094104 DI 10.1063/1.2349602 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 089KA UT WOS:000240878100032 ER PT J AU Tyler, BM Tripathy, S Zhang, XM Dehal, P Jiang, RHY Aerts, A Arredondo, FD Baxter, L Bensasson, D Beynon, JL Chapman, J Damasceno, CMB Dorrance, AE Dou, DL Dickerman, AW Dubchak, IL Garbelotto, M Gijzen, M Gordon, SG Govers, F Grunwald, NJ Huang, W Ivors, KL Jones, RW Kamoun, S Krampis, K Lamour, KH Lee, MK McDonald, WH Medina, M Meijer, HJG Nordberg, EK Maclean, DJ Ospina-Giraldo, MD Morris, PF Phuntumart, V Putnam, NH Rash, S Rose, JKC Sakihama, Y Salamov, AA Savidor, A Scheuring, CF Smith, BM Sobral, BWS Terry, A Torto-Alalibo, TA Win, J Xu, ZY Zhang, HB Grigoriev, IV Rokhsar, DS Boore, JL AF Tyler, Brett M. Tripathy, Sucheta Zhang, Xuemin Dehal, Paramvir Jiang, Rays H. Y. Aerts, Andrea Arredondo, Felipe D. Baxter, Laura Bensasson, Douda Beynon, Jim L. Chapman, Jarrod Damasceno, Cynthia M. B. Dorrance, Anne E. Dou, Daolong Dickerman, Allan W. Dubchak, Inna L. Garbelotto, Matteo Gijzen, Mark Gordon, Stuart G. Govers, Francine Grunwald, Niklaus J. Huang, Wayne Ivors, Kelly L. Jones, Richard W. Kamoun, Sophien Krampis, Konstantinos Lamour, Kurt H. Lee, Mi-Kyung McDonald, W. Hayes Medina, Monica Meijer, Harold J. G. Nordberg, Eric K. Maclean, Donald J. Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel D. Morris, Paul F. Phuntumart, Vipaporn Putnam, Nicholas H. Rash, Sam Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Sakihama, Yasuko Salamov, Asaf A. Savidor, Alon Scheuring, Chantel F. Smith, Brian M. Sobral, Bruno W. S. Terry, Astrid Torto-Alalibo, Trudy A. Win, Joe Xu, Zhanyou Zhang, Hongbin Grigoriev, Igor V. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Boore, Jeffrey L. TI Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EFFECTOR PROTEINS; DOWNY MILDEW; RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS; AVIRULENCE; GENES; LOCUS; SOJAE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE AB Draft genome sequences have been determined for the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae and the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Oomycetes such as these Phytophthora species share the kingdom Stramenopila with photosynthetic algae such as diatoms, and the presence of many Phytophthora genes of probable phototroph origin supports a photosynthetic ancestry for the stramenopiles. Comparison of the two species' genomes reveals a rapid expansion and diversification of many protein families associated with plant infection such as hydrolases, ABC transporters, protein toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and, in particular, a superfamily of 700 proteins with similarity to known oomycete avirulence genes. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. Hort Res Int, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, London SL5 7PY, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Mt Hort Crops Res & Extens Ctr, Fletcher, NC 28732 USA. ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Wilkes Univ, Dept Biol, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43402 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Lab Ecol Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Tyler, BM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM bmtyler@vt.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Damasceno, Cynthia/C-3074-2008; Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; Gijzen, Mark/C-6284-2011; Sakihama, Yasuko/B-1047-2012; Meijer, Harold/G-5703-2012; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Win, Joe/H-2557-2014; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016 OI Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707; Tripathy, Sucheta/0000-0003-0611-8088; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; Gijzen, Mark/0000-0002-3715-6389; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Win, Joe/0000-0002-9851-2404; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C509123/1] NR 30 TC 528 Z9 561 U1 5 U2 92 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5791 BP 1261 EP 1266 DI 10.1126/science.1128796 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 081JI UT WOS:000240313500033 PM 16946064 ER PT J AU Nandan, R Roy, GG Lienert, TJ DebRoy, T AF Nandan, R. Roy, G. G. Lienert, T. J. DebRoy, T. TI Numerical modelling of 3D plastic flow and heat transfer during friction stir welding of stainless steel SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; plastic flow; heat transfer; viscosity; stainless steel ID FLUID-FLOW; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CARBON-STEEL; TOOL; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; METALS AB Three-dimensional (3D) viscoplastic flow and temperature field during friction stir welding (FSW) of 304 austenitic stainless steel were mathematically modelled. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy were solved in three dimensions using spatially variable thermophysical properties using a methodology adapted from well established previous work in fusion welding. Non-Newtonian viscosity for the metal flow was calculated considering strain rate and temperature dependent flow stress. The computed profiles of strain rate and viscosity were examined in light of the existing literature on thermomechanical processing of alloys. The computed results showed significant viscoplastic flow near the tool surface, and convective transport of heat was found to be an important mechanism of heat transfer. The computed temperature and velocity fields demonstrated strongly 3D nature of the transport of heat and mass indicating the need for 3D calculations. The computed temperature profiles agreed well with the corresponding experimentally measured values. The non-Newtonian viscosity for FSW of stainless steel was found to be of the same order of magnitude as that for the FSW of aluminium. Like FSW of aluminium, the viscosity was found to be a strong function of both strain rate and temperature, while strain rate was found to be the most dominant factor. A small region of recirculating plasticised material was found to be present near the tool pin. The size of this region was larger near the shoulder and smaller further away from it. Streamlines around the pin were influenced by the presence of the rotating shoulder, especially at higher elevations. Stream lines indicated that material was transported mainly around the pin in the retreating side. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP DebRoy, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 38 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 EI 1743-2936 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 526 EP 537 DI 10.1179/174329306X107692 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128DZ UT WOS:000243639700006 ER PT J AU Foley, B AF Foley, Brian TI The trouble with databases SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foley, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btf@lanl.gov OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 9 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 078SM UT WOS:000240123700005 ER PT J AU Jiang, C Gleeson, B AF Jiang, Chao Gleeson, Brian TI Site preference of transition metal elements in Ni3Al SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE site preference; nickel aluminides; transition metals; point defects; first-principle electron theory ID THERMAL POINT-DEFECTS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MODEL PREDICTIONS; ALLOYING BEHAVIOR; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; ATOMS; FEAL; SUBSTITUTION; GAMMA; CO AB Using the Wagner-Schottky model in combination with first-principles supercell calculations, we performed a detailed study of the site occupancy behavior of 3d (Ti-Cu), 4d (Zr-Ag) and 5d (Hf-Au) transition metal elements in L1(2) Ni3Al as a function of both alloy composition and temperature. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM chaoisu@iastate.edu RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 5 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.05.016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065AQ UT WOS:000239132200004 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Ott, RT Besser, MF Kramer, MJ Sordelet, DJ AF Lee, M. H. Ott, R. T. Besser, M. F. Kramer, M. J. Sordelet, D. J. TI Compositional dependence on phase selection during devitrification of amorphous Zr-Pt alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE amorphous; quasicrystal; devitrification; synchrotron radiation; Zr-Pt alloys ID METALLIC-GLASS FORMATION; MELT-SPUN RIBBONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; PD AB The devitrification pathways of alloys were determined using time-resolved synchrotron radiation. Amorphous Zr73Pt27 ribbons transformed directly to the stable Zr5Pt3 structure but ribbons with higher Zr contents first formed a metastable quasicrystalline phase before transforming to the Zr5Pt3 structure. Lower crystallization activation energies were observed for the higher Zr-content alloys. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, MH (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhlee@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.05.039 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 068ZF UT WOS:000239413400002 ER PT J AU Jehanno, P Heilmaier, M Saage, H Heyse, H Boning, M Kestler, H Schneibel, JH AF Jehanno, Pascal Heilmaier, Martin Saage, Holger Heyse, Hartmut Boening, Mike Kestler, Heinrich Schneibel, Joachim H. TI Superplasticity of a multiphase refractory Mo-Si-B alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Mo-Si-B; superplasticity; refractory metals; intermetallic phases ID SILICIDE; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Mo-Si-B alloys consisting of a Mo solid solution and the intermetallic phases Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 were synthesized by mechanical alloying followed by sintering and hot isostatic pressing to yield an ultra-fine (triplex) microstructure with all three phases being in the sub-micron range. At temperatures as low as 1300 degrees C the material exhibits superplasticity, with tensile strain to failures of 200-400% at strain rates as high as 10(-3) S-1. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Otto Von Guericke Univ, Inst Mat & Joining Technol, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. Plansee SE, Ctr Technol, A-6600 Reutte, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heilmaier, M (reprint author), Otto Von Guericke Univ, Inst Mat & Joining Technol, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. EM martin.heilmaier@mb.uni-magdeburg.de NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.05.033 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 068ZF UT WOS:000239413400007 ER PT J AU Tsouris, C Noonan, J Ying, TY Yiacoumi, S AF Tsouris, Costas Noonan, Jeremy Ying, Tung-yu Yiacoumi, Sotira TI Surfactant effects on the mechanism of particle capture in high-gradient magnetic filtration SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hhigh-gradient magnetic separation; surfactant; colloidal particles; iron oxide; magnetic filtration ID WASTE-WATER; HEAVY-METALS; SEPARATION; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; WIRE AB This study investigates the effect of surfactants and key design parameters on the removal efficiency (RE) of paramagnetic colloidal particles by high-gradient magnetic filtration, and attempts to predict the effect of these parameters by a trajectory model. Magnetic filtration offers an advantage over conventional filtration in that it can achieve a reversible and selective separation. An aqueous suspension of paramagnetic colloidal ferric oxide (Fe2O3) particles was treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and delivered through a column containing a stainless steel wool filter matrix, which was mounted between the poles of an electromagnet. The RE of the surfactant-treated particles was measured by analyzing effluent samples for Fe2O3 concentration. The effect of the applied magnetic induction, fluid velocity, and radius of the stainless steel wires on the RE was tested and compared for both surfactant-treated and untreated particles. These three factors had a marked effect on the RE of surfactant-treated particles. An increase in applied magnetic induction from 0.2 to 0.5 T increased the RE from 79.9 to 93.4%, a decrease in wire radius from 49 to 15 mu m increased the RE from 60.2 to 93.4%, and a decrease in fluid velocity from 0.5 to 0.1 cm/s increased the RE from 69.5 to 95.3%. In the absence of a magnetic field (0 T), the RE was 10.8%. The predictions of the trajectory model agreed closely with these results. The same factors had a negligible effect on the RE of untreated particles. Over the range of all three parameters, the RE varied from 90 to 99%, but these variations were not statistically significant. In the absence of applied magnetic induction, the RE was 90.1%. These results differed markedly from the trajectory model predictions and demonstrated that nonmagnetic filtration mechanisms are primarily responsible for the capture of particles without SDS. Regeneration experiments indicated that the particles were captured in the primary minimum of the potential energy. On the other hand, these results showed that the magnetic filtration mechanism is primarily responsible for the removal of particles treated with SDS and that these particles are captured in the secondary minimum of the potential energy. Therefore, surfactant adsorption onto colloidal particles can potentially preserve and enhance the advantages of magnetic filtration (e.g., reversibility and selectivity). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 EI 1873-3794 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.02.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 089EX UT WOS:000240864200013 ER PT J AU Gilman, P AF Gilman, Paul TI Science, policy, and politics: Comparing and contrasting issues in energy and the environment SO SOCIAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Studies, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gilman, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Studies, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCHOOL UNIV PI NEW YORK PA GRADUATE FACULTY, 65 5TH AVE, RM 354, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0037-783X J9 SOC RES JI Soc. Res. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1010 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 153YF UT WOS:000245473300020 ER PT J AU Muenchausen, RE Jacobsohn, LG Bennett, BL McKigney, EA Smith, JF Cooke, DW AF Muenchausen, R. E. Jacobsohn, L. G. Bennett, B. L. McKigney, E. A. Smith, J. F. Cooke, D. W. TI A novel method for extracting oscillator strength of select rare-earth ion optical transitions in nanostructured dielectric materials SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanophosphor; rare earth; oscillator strength; photoluminescence AB A new technique to obtain the oscillator strength of select rare-earth optical transitions in nanostructured dielectric materials (nanophosphors) is presented. It is based on the experimentally observed nanophosphor lifetime dependence on the embedding medium. A constant oscillator strength and parity-allowed electric dipole transitions of the RE ion emission are assumed. The oscillator strength is obtained from the slope of the 1/tau(ij) vs. n(n(2) + 2)(2) plot, where tau(ij) is the radiative lifetime of transition between states i and j, and n is the index of refraction of the embedding medium. The use of the technique is illustrated for the Y2SiO5:Ce nanophosphor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muenchausen, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS E-546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rossm@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 139 IS 10 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.07.022 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089FE UT WOS:000240864900002 ER PT J AU Masala, O Hoffman, D Sundaram, N Page, K Proffen, T Lawes, G Seshadri, R AF Masala, Ombretta Hoffman, Darin Sundaram, Nalini Page, Katharine Proffen, Thomas Lawes, Gavin Seshadri, Ram TI Preparation of magnetic spinel ferrite core/shell nanoparticles: Soft ferrites on hard ferrites and vice versa SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; EXCHANGE BIAS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; ROUTE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; DIFFRACTION; HYDROLYSIS; ANISOTROPY AB Hard/soft CoFe2O4/ZnFe2O4 and soft/hard ZnFe2O4/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles were prepared by combining high-temperature thermolysis of metal oxide precursors with seed-mediated growth. Magnetic properties of the core/shell nanoparticles were compared to those of individual CoFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles of similar size prepared by the same method. The structure of the core/shell materials was established using a combination of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Further evidence for core/shell structure was obtained from magnetic measurements using a SQUID magnetometer. Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature reveal that the core/shell nanoparticles display a single blocking temperature suggesting that the spins of the hard CoFe2O4 and the soft ZnFe2O4 are strongly coupled and respond jointly to changes of temperature and magnetic field. The blocking temperature increases according to the relative amount of hard magnetic material (CoFe2O4) in the nanoparticles in the range of 46-150 K. Magnetic measurements on the nanoparticles as pressed powders and as dispersions in paraffin wax indicate that interparticle interactions significantly influence magnetization and coercivity of the particles, and these must be taken into account before the magnetization behavior of the core/shell structures can be interpreted in terms of coupling between the soft and hard magnetic materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Seshadri, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2006.04.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 086OK UT WOS:000240682700001 ER PT J AU Caster, AG Lim, SH Nicolet, O Leone, SR AF Caster, Allison G. Lim, Sang-Hyun Nicolet, Olivier Leone, Stephen R. TI Chemically selective imaging with broadband CARS microscopy SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; LIVING CELLS; ONE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; RAFTS; MODEL AB High-resolution, chemically selective imaging on relevant time scales can be applied to complex samples ranging from polymer photoresists to biological cells. The authors rapidly acquire complete vibrational spectra in the fingerprint region using a single femtosecond laser for broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to image spatially variant compositions of condensed-phase samples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Caster, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 31 EP + PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 082LR UT WOS:000240388800004 ER PT J AU Taha, MMR Noureldin, A Lucero, JL Baca, TJ AF Taha, M. M. Reda Noureldin, A. Lucero, J. L. Baca, T. J. TI Wavelet transform for structural health monitoring: A compendium of uses and features SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE structural health monitoring (SHM); wavelet transform (WT); wavelet multi-resolution analysis (WMRA); signal processing; damage detection ID FUZZY PATTERN-RECOGNITION; DAMAGE DETECTION; NEURAL-NETWORK; VIBRATION SIGNALS; MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS; CRACK IDENTIFICATION; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; CONCRETE AB The strategic and monetary value of the civil infrastructure worldwide necessitates the development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems that can accurately monitor structural response due to real-time loading conditions, detect damage in the structure, and report the location and nature of this damage. In the last decade, extensive research has been carried out for developing vibration-based damage detection algorithms that can relate structural dynamics changes to damage occurrence in a structure. In the mean time, the wavelet transform (WT), a signal processing technique based on a windowing approach of dilated 'scaled' and shifted wavelets, is being applied to a broad range of engineering applications. Wavelet transform has proven its ability to overcome many of the limitations of the widely used Fourier transform (FT); hence, it has gained popularity as an efficient means of signal processing in SHM systems. This increasing interest in WT for SHM in diverse applications motivates the authors to write an exposition on the current WT technologies. This article presents a utilitarian view of WT and its technologies. By reviewing the state-of-the-art in WT for SHM, the article discusses specific needs of SHM addressed by WT, classifies WT for damage detection into various fields, and describes features unique to WT that lends itself to SHM. The ultimate intent of this article is to provide the readers with a background on the various aspects of WT that might appeal to their need and sector of interest in SHM. Additionally, the comprehensive literature review that comprises this study will provide the interested reader a focused search to investigate using wavelets in SHM. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Struct Dynam, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Taha, MMR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mrtaha@unm.edu NR 130 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 61 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 267 EP 295 DI 10.1177/1475921706067741 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 084TA UT WOS:000240556100005 ER PT J AU Giunta, AA Mcfarland, JM Swiler, LP Eldred, MS AF Giunta, A. A. Mcfarland, J. M. Swiler, L. P. Eldred, M. S. TI The promise and peril of uncertainty quantification using response surface approximations SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; response surface; kriging; multivariate splines; latin-hypercube; orthogonal array ID COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS AB Conventional sampling-based uncertainty quanti. cation (UQ) methods involve generating large numbers of random samples on input variables and calculating output statistics by evaluating the computational model for each set of samples. For real world applications, this method can be computationally prohibitive due to the cost of the model and the time required for each simulation run. Using response surface approximations may allow for the output statistics to be estimated more accurately when only a limited number of simulation runs are available. This paper describes an initial investigation into response surface based UQ using both kriging and multivariate adaptive regression spline surface approximation methods. In addition, the impact of two different data sampling methods, Latin hypercube sampling and orthogonal array sampling, is also examined. The data obtained from this study indicate that caution should be exercised when implementing response surface based methods for UQ using very low sample sizes. However, this study also shows that there are clear cases where response surface based UQ provides a gain in accuracy versus conventional sampling-based UQ methods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Giunta, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0828, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aagiunt@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PD SEP-DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1080/15732470600590507 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 113TX UT WOS:000242621500003 ER PT J AU Maiorov, B Wang, H Foltyn, SR Li, Y DePaula, R Stan, L Arendt, PN Civale, L AF Maiorov, B. Wang, H. Foltyn, S. R. Li, Y. DePaula, R. Stan, L. Arendt, P. N. Civale, L. TI Influence of naturally grown nanoparticles at the buffer layer in the flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; VORTEX; ENHANCEMENT; CRYSTALS; NANODOTS; CURRENTS; TEXTURE; CENTERS AB We have studied the influence of naturally grown SrTiO3 particles at the buffer layer surface on the in-field critical current density ( J(c)) dependence of coated conductors. The presence of the SrTiO3 particles induces the growth of extra-correlated pinning along the c-axis direction in the YBa2Cu3O7 films that thread samples as thick as 5 mu m. These correlated pinning centres produce a bigger c-axis peak and effectively reduce the Jc magnetic field ( H) decay characterized by a smaller exponent a of the Jc. H-alpha power law decay. This method opens up a new approach for how to increase Jc under an applied magnetic field without the need for an extra process. This study brings new meaning to the so-called optimal deposition conditions, since it will depend on the field and temperature region of the application. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maiorov, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maiorov@lanl.gov RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100001 ER PT J AU Lorenz, B Perner, O Eckert, J Chu, CW AF Lorenz, B. Perner, O. Eckert, J. Chu, C. W. TI Superconducting properties of nanocrystalline MgB2 SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; NB-GE FILMS; ENHANCEMENT; DIBORIDE AB Nanocrystalline MgB2 produced by mechanical alloying has been shown to exhibit enhanced superconducting properties such as increased pinning and higher critical currents. However, the effects of the synthesis process on the intrinsic superconducting properties have not been addressed yet. We have investigated the superconducting gap structure of nanocrystalline MgB2 pellets synthesized by high-energy ball milling employing specific heat measurements. We found that the larger sigma-gap decreased whereas the smaller pi-gap slightly increased in ball-milled MgB2 as compared to bulk samples synthesized along the standard routes. The data show that the ball-milling process introduces defects that enhance the interband scattering similar to irradiation with neutrons. The reduction of the sigma-gap explains the lower superconducting transition temperature of 33 K. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. IFW Dresden, Inst Met Mat, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, FG Phys Met Kunde, FB Mat & Geowissencsh 11, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Lorenz, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM blorenz@uh.edu NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 912 EP 915 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/005 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100005 ER PT J AU Shankar, PS Singh, JP Ma, B Koritala, R Fisher, BL Balachandran, U AF Shankar, P. S. Singh, J. P. Ma, B. Koritala, R. Fisher, B. L. Balachandran, U. TI Bend strain tolerance of YBa2Cu3O7-x-coated conductors fabricated by inclined substrate deposition SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; BUFFER LAYERS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE AB The effect of tensile bend strain on the critical current of YBa2Cu3O7-x ( YBCO)-coated conductors was evaluated as a function of YBCO film thickness. The YBCO-coated conductors were fabricated on Hastelloy C276 metal substrates templated with MgO by inclined substrate deposition. It was observed that a conductor with 0.2 mu m thick YBCO retained 90% of the unstrained critical current until a strain of approximate to 0.4%, whereas for a conductor with 0.5 mu m thick YBCO film the critical strain value was approximate to 0.2%. At strains higher than the critical strain, the critical current dropped precipitously. The inverse dependence of bend strain tolerance on the YBCO film thickness is in reasonable agreement with analytical prediction. This inverse dependence was used to approximate the fracture toughness of the YBCO film, which was found to be in general agreement with the literature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shankar, PS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shankar@anl.gov RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 930 EP 933 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100008 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Gurevich, A Song, X Li, X Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Rupich, MW Holesinger, TG Larbalestier, DC AF Kim, S. I. Gurevich, A. Song, X. Li, X. Zhang, W. Kodenkandath, T. Rupich, M. W. Holesinger, T. G. Larbalestier, D. C. TI Mechanisms of weak thickness dependence of the critical current density in strong-pinning ex situ metal-organic-deposition-route YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; YBCO FILMS; HTS WIRE; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; CONVERSION AB We report on the thickness dependence of the superconducting characteristics including critical current I-c, critical current density J(c), transition temperature T-c, irreversibility field H-irr, bulk pinning force plot F-p( H), and normal state resistivity curve.( T) measured after successive ion milling of similar to 1 mu m thick high-I-c YBa2Cu3O7-x films made by an ex situ metal - organic deposition process on Ni - W rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates ( RABiTSTM). In contrast to many recent data, mostly on in situ pulsed laser deposition ( PLD) films, which show strong depression of Jc with increasing film thickness t, our films exhibit only a weak dependence of Jc on t. The two better textured samples had full cross-section average J(c,avg) ( 77 K, 0 T) similar to 4 MA cm(-2) near the buffer layer interface and similar to 3 MA cm(-2) at full thickness, despite significant current blocking due to similar to 30% porosity in the film. Taking account of the thickness dependence of the porosity, we estimate that the local, vortex-pinning current density is essentially independent of thickness, while accounting for the additional current- blocking effects of grain boundaries leads to local, vortex-pinning Jc values well above 5 MA cm(-2). Such high local Jc values are produced by strong three-dimensional vortex pinning which subdivides vortex lines into weakly coupled segments much shorter than the film thickness. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, SI (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, 1500 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941; Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 968 EP 979 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/013 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100013 ER PT J AU Vandervoort, KG Nguyen, TT Demine, MA Kwok, WK AF Vandervoort, K. G. Nguyen, T. T. Demine, M. A. Kwok, W. K. TI Measurements of the Meissner fraction as a function of oxygen ordering for oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIZATION; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O6+X; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM; PHASE AB The influence of oxygen ordering on the Meissner fraction ( the ratio of field cooled to zero field cooled magnetization) on a number of YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals over a wide range of oxygen deficient states ( 15 K <= T-c <= 60 K) has been investigated. The Meissner fraction increases in almost all cases with an increase in oxygen ordering. In only a few cases where the change in transition temperature is very small ( Delta T-c < 2 K) following ordering is no discernible increase measured. We attribute these results to both intrinsic parameters that change with the ordering phenomenon, for example the lower critical field, and extrinsic effects such as the redistribution of oxygen vacancies. C1 Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Phys, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vandervoort, KG (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Phys, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM kvandervoort@csupomona.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 980 EP 985 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/014 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100014 ER PT J AU Dohnalek, Z Kim, J Kay, BD AF Dohnalek, Z. Kim, Jooho Kay, Bruce D. TI Growth of epitaxial thin Pd(111) films on Pt(111) and oxygen-terminated FeO(111) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; thermal desorption spectroscopy; epitaxy; growth; surface structure; morphology; roughness; and topography; palladium; platinum; iron oxide; carbon monoxide; metallic films ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; ULTRATHIN METAL-FILMS; BALLISTIC DEPOSITION; BIMETALLIC SURFACES; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; MODEL CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO ADSORPTION; PD; TEMPERATURE AB Thin Pd films (1-10 monolayers, ML) were deposited at 35 K on a Pt(111) single crystal and on an oxygen-terminated FcO(111) monolayer supported on Pt(111). Low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and Kr and CO temperature programmed desorption techniques were used to investigate the annealing induced changes in the film surface morphology. For growth on Pt(111), the films order upon annealing to 500 K and form epitaxial Pd(111). Further annealing above 900 K results in Pd diffusion into the Pt(111) bulk and Pt-Pd alloy formation. Chemisorption of CO shows that even the first ordered monolayer of Pd on Pt(111) has adsorption properties identical to bulk Pd(111). Similar experiments conducted on FeO(111) indicate that 500 K annealing of a 10 ML thick Pd deposit also yields ordered Pd(111). In contrast, annealing of I and 3 ML thick Pd films did not result in formation of continuous Pd(111). We speculate that for these thinner films Pd diffuses underneath the FeO(111). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dohnalek, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Zdenek.Dohnalek@pnl.gov; Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 600 IS 17 BP 3461 EP 3471 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.06.036 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 089PQ UT WOS:000240893300018 ER PT J AU Reaney, SH Bench, G Smith, DR AF Reaney, Stephen H. Bench, Graham Smith, Donald R. TI Brain accumulation and toxicity of Mn(II) and Mn(III) exposures SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE GABA; dopamine; oxidation state; neurotoxicity; PIXE; brain region ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MANGANESE OXIDATION-STATE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; RAT-BRAIN; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; BASAL GANGLIA; RHESUS-MONKEY; PC12 CELLS; IRON AB Concern over the neurotoxic effects of chronic moderate exposures to manganese has arisen due to increased awareness of occupational exposures and to the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, a manganese-containing gasoline antiknock additive. Little data exist on how the oxidation state of manganese exposure affects toxicity. The objective of this study was to better understand how the oxidation state of manganese exposure affects accumulation and subsequent toxicity of manganese. This study utilized a rat model of manganese neurotoxicity to investigate how ip exposure to Mn(II)-chloride or Mn(III)pyrophosphate at total cumulative doses of 0, 30, or 90 mg Mn/kg body weight affected the brain region distribution and neurotoxicity of manganese. Results indicate that Mn(III) exposures produced significantly higher blood manganese levels than equimolar exposures to Mn(II). Brain manganese concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner, with Mn(III) exposures producing significantly higher (> 25%) levels than exposures to Mn(II) but with no measurable differences in the accumulation of manganese across different brain regions. Gamma amino butyric acid concentrations were increased in the globus pallidus (GP) with manganese exposure. Dopamine (DA) levels were altered in the GP, with the highest Mn(II) and Mn(III) exposures producing significantly different DA levels. In addition, transferrin receptor and H-ferritin protein expression increased in the GP with manganese exposure. These data substantiate the heightened susceptibility of the GP to manganese, and they indicate that the oxidation state of manganese exposure may be an important determinant of tissue toxico-dynamics and subsequent neurotoxicity. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reaney, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Toxicol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM stevereaney@hotmail.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES010788] NR 70 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl028 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074VI UT WOS:000239839500013 PM 16740617 ER PT J AU Omata, Y Folan, M Shaw, M Messer, RL Lockwood, PE Hobbs, D Bouillaguet, S Sano, H Lewis, JB Wataha, JC AF Omata, Yo Folan, Matt Shaw, Melissa Messer, Regina L. Lockwood, Petra E. Hobbs, David Bouillaguet, Serge Sano, Hidehiko Lewis, Jill B. Wataha, John C. TI Sublethal concentrations of diverse gold compounds inhibit mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE metals; redox; oxidative stress; mitochondrial activity; thioredoxin; gold compounds ID GOLD(III) COMPLEXES; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; ANTITUMOR AGENTS; CHRYSOTHERAPY; CYTOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; SYSTEM AB Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) reduces thioredoxin (Trx), thereby contributing to cellular redox balance, facilitating the synthesis of deoxy-ribose sugars for DNA synthesis, and regulating redox-sensitive gene expression. Auranofin is a gold compound that potently inhibits TrxR. This inhibition is one suspected mechanism of auranofin's therapeutic benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The use of other gold compounds to treat cancer or inflammatory disease may rely on their ability to inhibit TrxR. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that a variety of gold compounds may inhibit TrxR. Methods: We exposed rat-TrxR1 to auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, sodium aurothiosulfate, triphenyl phosphine gold chloride, or gold acetate, and measured TrxR activity ex vivo. We then compared TrxR1 inhibitory levels of gold compounds to those that inhibited mitochondrial activity of THP1 monocytes and OSC2 epithelial cells, estimated by succinate dehydrogenase activity. Results: All gold compounds inhibited TrxR1at concentrations ranging from 5 to 4000 nM (50% inhibitory concentration). The oxidation state of gold did not correlate with inhibitory potency, but ligand configuration was important. Au(I)-phosphine compounds (triphenyl phosphine gold chloride and auranofin) were the most potent inhibitors of TrxR. All TrxR1 inhibitory concentrations were sublethal to mitochondrial activity in both THP1 and OSC2 cells. Conclusions: Diverse types of gold compounds may be effective inhibitors of TrxR1 at concentrations that do not suppress cellular mitochondrial function. Inhibition may be optimized to some degree by altering the ligand configuration of the compounds. These results support future study of a variety of Au compounds for therapeutic development as inhibitors of TrxR L (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Wataha, JC (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol & Maxillofacial Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM watahaj@mail.mcg.edu NR 26 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 882 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.01.012 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 075MG UT WOS:000239888500012 PM 16510263 ER PT J AU Yu, YK Zhu, W Diao, HL Zhou, CX Chen, FQF Yang, J AF Yu, Yanke Zhu, Wen Diao, Huiling Zhou, Chunxian Chen, Fanqing F. Yang, Jun TI A comparative study of using comet assay and gamma H2AX foci formation in the detection of N-methyl-N '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE comet assay; H2AX; N-methyl-N '-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; double strand breaks; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family ID HISTONE H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; CELLS; RESPONSES; REPAIR; ATM; PK; INHIBITORS; STRESS AB Comet assay is a useful technique in the detection of DNA damages, particularly DNA strand breaks; and it has been utilized to show that a potent carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), can induce such damages. Recently, gamma H2AX foci formation has been suggested as another sensitive way to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, there is no systematic comparison being conducted to evaluate the consistency of these two methods. Using MNNG as a model chemical, the sensitivity of neutral comet assay and gamma H2AX foci formation in detecting MNNG-induced damage was studied. It was found that at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mu g/ml, both methods can detect MNNG-induced damage in human amnion FL cells. However, at 0.1 mu g/ml, comet assay revealed more percentage of cells with DNA damage than gamma H2AX fluorescence revealed. On the other hand, while gamma H2AX foci were readily formed at very early times by 10 mu g/ml MNNG treatment, neutral comet assay did not detect any significant DNA damage at the same time points. In addition, 10 mu g/ml MNNG induced a distinct whole nuclei staining pattern of gamma H2AX, a type of DNA damage which was not detected by neutral comet assay but could be detected by alkaline comet assay. Therefore, gamma H2AX may be used as a sensitive indicator for DNA damage. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Genom, Zhejiang 310031, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Environm Genom, 353 Yan An Rd, Zhejiang 310031, Peoples R China. EM gastate@zju.edu.cn RI Yu, Yanke/E-4919-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA95393-01, P50 CA112970, R21 CA095393, U54 CA112970, U54 CA112970-05] NR 24 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.01.004 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 075MG UT WOS:000239888500021 PM 16473493 ER PT J AU Benson, ML Liaw, PK Choo, H Saleh, TA Brown, DW Daymond, MR Wang, XL Stoica, AD Oliver, EC Klarstrom, DL AF Benson, M. L. Liaw, P. K. Choo, H. Saleh, T. A. Brown, D. W. Daymond, M. R. Wang, X. L. Stoica, A. D. Oliver, E. C. Klarstrom, D. L. TI In-situ loading neutron-diffraction studies of a cobalt-based superalloy SO TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Advanced Intermetallic and Metallic Materials CY OCT 09-15, 2005 CL Yangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Cent S Univ, Harbin Inst Technol, Yangzhou City Govt DE cobalt-based superalloy; fcc phase; in-situ loading; neutron-diffraction; hcp phase ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; ULTIMET(R) ALLOY; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB ULTIMET (R) alloy is a cobalt-based superalloy that undergoes a deformation-induced phase transformation from a face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase to a hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) phase. The transformation was studied during monotonic loading, stress-controlled high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF). The HCF was performed at a maximum stress of sigma(max) =840 MPa and a minimum stress of sigma(min) =84 MPa, while the tensile experiment was terminated after reaching sigma(max) =890 MPa. The LCF was performed at. a maximum strain of sigma(max) =1.25% and a minimum strain Of sigma(min) =-1.25%. The monotonic-loading experiment results reveal that the hcp phase forms after reaching the yield stress. During HCF, the hexagonal phase forms immediately upon the first fatigue cycle, with no further change in structure upon subsequent deformation. In contrast to HCF, the hcp phase forms gradually during LCF. In fact, fatigue cycle 12 is reached before the hcp phase is resolved by neutron diffraction. Diffraction patterns from subsequent fatigue cycles reveal that the hcp phase continues to accumulate as LCF progresses. These observations can be related to the input of mechanical energy during different loading modes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Benson, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1003-6326 J9 T NONFERR METAL SOC JI Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 SI 2 BP S144 EP S148 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101XG UT WOS:000241774000032 ER PT J AU Goulias, KG Henson, KM AF Goulias, Konstadinos G. Henson, Kriste M. TI On altruists and egoists in activity participation and travel: who are they and do they live together? SO TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 22-26, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board DE altruism; social role; time allocation; time use; human interaction; travel behavior; activity analysis ID MODEL; ALLOCATION; BEHAVIOR AB Formulation and specification of activity analysis models require better understanding of time allocation behavior that goes beyond the more recent within household analyses to understand selfish and altruistic behavior and how this relates to travel behavior. Using data from 1,471 persons in a recent 2-day time use/activity diary and latent class cluster analysis we identify 11 distinct daily behaviors that span from the intensely self-serving to intensely altruistic. Predicted cluster membership is then used to study within household interactions. The analysis shows strong correlation exists between social role and patterns of altruistic behavior. However, a substantial amount of heterogeneity is also found within social roles. In addition, travel behavior is also very different among altruistic and self-serving time allocation groups. At the household level, a substantial number of households contain persons with similar behavior. Another group of households contains a mix of self-serving and altruistic persons that follow specialized household roles within their households. The majority of households, however, are populated by altruistic persons. Single person households are more likely to be in the self-serving groups but not in their entirety. Altruism at home is directed most often toward the immediate family members. This is less pronounced when we examine altruistic acts outside the home. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. UCSB Geog, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goulias, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 3611 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Goulias@geog.ucsb.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0049-4488 J9 TRANSPORTATION JI Transportation PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 5 BP 447 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s11116-006-8075-y PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 073FJ UT WOS:000239728100003 ER PT J AU Basu, A AF Basu, Anirban TI Cost-effectiveness of olanzapine as a first-line treatment: A comment SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Hlth & Social Sci, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Labs, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Chicago, IL USA. RP Basu, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Hlth & Social Sci, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 5 BP 357 EP 357 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2006.00125.x PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 081CC UT WOS:000240293800009 PM 16961554 ER PT J AU Kothe, DL Li, YY Decker, JM Bibollet-Ruche, F Zammit, KP Salazar, MG Chen, YL Weng, ZP Weaver, EA Gao, F Haynes, BF Shaw, GM Korber, BTM Hahn, BH AF Kothe, Denise L. Li, Yingying Decker, Julie M. Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic Zammit, Kenneth P. Salazar, Maria G. Chen, Yalu Weng, Zhiping Weaver, Eric A. Gao, Feng Haynes, Barton F. Shaw, George M. Korber, Bette T. M. Hahn, Beatrice H. TI Ancestral and consensus envelope immunogens for HIV-1 subtype C SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 genetic variation; centralized HIV-1 immunogens; HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein; subtype C ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; FUSION INHIBITOR T-20; AIDS VACCINE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; GENETIC SUBTYPES; CODON USAGE; SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; DESIGN; SENSITIVITY AB Immunogens based on "centralized" (ancestral or consensus) HIV-1 sequences minimize the genetic distance between vaccine strains and contemporary viruses and should thus elicit immune responses that recognize a broader spectrum of viral variants. However, the biologic, antigenic and immunogenic properties of such inferred gene products have to be validated experimentally. Here, we report the construction and characterization of the first full-length ancestral (AncC) and consensus (ConC) env genes of HIV-1 (group M) subtype C. The codon-usage-optimized genes expressed high levels of envelope glycoproteins that were incorporated into HIV-1 virions, mediated infection via the CCR5 coreceptor and retained neutralizing epitopes as recognized by plasma from patients with chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection. Guinea pigs immunized with AncC and ConC env DNA developed high titer binding, but no appreciable homologous or heterologous neutralizing antibodies. When tested by immunoblot analysis, sera from AncC and ConC env immunized guinea pigs recognized a greater number of primary subtype C envelope glycoproteins than sera from guinea pigs immunized with a contemporary subtype C env control. Mice immunized with AncC and ConC env DNA developed gamma interferon T cell responses that recognized overlapping peptides from the cognate ConC and a heterologous subtype C Env control. Thus, both AncC and ConC env genes expressed functional envelope glycoproteins that were immunogenic in laboratory animals and elicited humoral and cellular immune responses of comparable breadth and magnitude. These results establish the utility of centralized HIV-1 subtype C Env immunogens and warrant their continued evaluation as potential components of future AIDS vaccines. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Hahn, BH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, 720 20th St S,Kaul 816, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM bhahn@uab.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA13148]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI 061734, R21 AI055386, N01 AI85338, AI067854, U19 AI 028147, P30 AI27767] NR 45 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 2 BP 438 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.011 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 080CV UT WOS:000240225400018 PM 16780913 ER PT J AU Yoon, SE Lauterbach, C Manocha, D AF Yoon, Sung-Eui Lauterbach, Christian Manocha, Dinesh TI R-LODs: fast LOD-based ray tracing of massive models SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications CY OCT 11-13, 2005 CL Taipei, TAIWAN DE ray tracing; LODs; cache coherence; layouts; kd-trees; massive models ID COMPLEX SCENES AB We present a novel LOD (level-of-detail) algorithm to accelerate ray tracing of massive models. Our approach computes drastic simplifications of the model and the LODs are well integrated with the kd-tree data structure. We introduce a simple and efficient LOD metric to bound the error for primary and secondary rays. The LOD representation has small runtime overhead and our algorithm can be combined with ray coherence techniques and cache-coherent layouts to improve the performance. In practice, the use of LODs can alleviate aliasing artifacts and improve memory coherence. We implement our algorithm on both 32-bit and 64-bit machines and are able to achieve up to 2-20 times improvement in frame rate of rendering models consisting of tens or hundreds of millions of triangles with little loss in image quality. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Yoon, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sungeui@llnl.gov; cl@cs.unc.edu; dm@cs.unc.edu RI Yoon, Sung-eui/C-1678-2011; OI Manocha, Dinesh/0000-0001-7047-9801 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 9-11 BP 772 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s00371-006-0062-y PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 082IW UT WOS:000240381000020 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Denning, KS George, JS Marshak, DW Kenyon, GT AF Miller, J. A. Denning, K. S. George, J. S. Marshak, D. W. Kenyon, G. T. TI A high frequency resonance in the responses of retinal ganglion cells to rapidly modulated stimuli: A computer model SO VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cat; alpha ganglion cell; Y ganglion cell; amacrine cell; gap junction; simulation ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; FIXATIONAL EYE-MOVEMENTS; LIGHT-EVOKED RESPONSES; CONTRAST GAIN-CONTROL; CAT RETINA; OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS; PRIMATE RETINA; AMACRINE CELLS; BIPOLAR CELLS; ALPHA AB Brisk Y-type ganglion cells in the cat retina exhibit a high frequency resonance (HFR) in their responses to large, rapidly modulated stimuli. We used a computer model to test whether negative feedback mediated by axon-bearing amacrine cells onto ganglion cells could account for the experimentally observed properties of HFRs. Temporal modulation transfer functions (tMTFs) recorded from model ganglion cells exhibited HFR peaks whose amplitude, width, and locations were qualitatively consistent with experimental data. Moreover, the wide spatial distribution of axon-mediated feedback accounted for the observed increase in HFR amplitude with stimulus size. Model phase plots were qualitatively similar to those recorded from Y ganglion cells, including an anomalous phase advance that in our model coincided with the amplification of low-order harmonics that overlapped the HFR peak. When axon-mediated feedback in the model was directed primarily to bipolar cells, whose synaptic output was graded, or else when the model was replaced with a simple cascade of linear filters, it was possible to produce large HFR peaks but the region of anomalous phase advance was always eliminated, suggesting the critical involvement of strongly non-linear feedback loops. To investigate whether HFRs might contribute to visual processing, we simulated high frequency ocular tremor by rapidly modulating a naturalistic image. Visual signals riding on top of the imposed jitter conveyed an enhanced representation of large objects. We conclude that by amplifying responses to ocular tremor, HFRs may selectively enhance the processing of large image features. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Neurosci Interdept Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX 77225 USA. RP Kenyon, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-21,MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkenyon@lanl.gov FU NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS038310, P01 NS038310-05] NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0952-5238 J9 VISUAL NEUROSCI JI Visual Neurosci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 779 EP 794 DI 10.1017/S0952523806230104 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 098UD UT WOS:000241547400008 PM 17020633 ER PT J AU Hundertmark, KJ Bowyer, RT Shields, GF Schwartz, CC Smith, MH AF Hundertmark, Kris J. Bowyer, R. Terry Shields, Gerald F. Schwartz, Charles C. Smith, Michael H. TI Colonization history and taxonomy of moose Alces alces in southeastern Alaska inferred from mtDNA variation SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; British Columbia; Cordilleran ice sheet; moose; phylogeography; range expansion ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; ODOCOILEUS; WILDLIFE; CERVIDAE; COASTAL AB We assessed phylogeographic history of moose Alces alces in southeastern Alaska, USA, by determining their genetic affinity to surrounding populations thereby clarifying their origin and uncertain taxonomic status. Moose from central and southern regions of the southeastern Alaska panhandle were characterized by two mitochondrial haplotypes that were highly divergent from those in the remainder of the state; overlap with other haplotypes occurred only in the northernmost area of the panhandle. Moose inhabiting areas of British Columbia, Canada, immediately adjacent to Alaska's panhandle showed high haplotype diversity. A small proportion of those moose shared haplotypes with moose in southeastern and interior Alaska, but most possessed haplotypes that were restricted to that region. Association between geographic distribution and phylogenetic structure of haplotypes indicated spatial separation of moose lineages in the past. Our results indicate that there were two separate entries of moose into the region during colonization, likely from different geographic areas. Coastal populations of moose living south of 58 degrees 45'N latitude in southeastern Alaska should be classified as A. a. andersoni rather than as A. a. gigas. Behavioural and morphological differences between A. a. gigas and other forest-dwelling subspecies in North America indicate a need to examine moose management strategies and objectives in southeastern Alaska. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Kenai Moose Res Ctr, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hundertmark, KJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffkh@uaf.edu; bowyterr@isu.edu; gshields@carroll.edu; chuck_schwartz@usgs.gov; smith@srel.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[331:CHATOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 091BN UT WOS:000241000900010 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, Henry P. TI Henry Stapp on quantum mechanics, spirit, mind, and morality - Quantum interactive dualism: An alternative to materialism SO ZYGON LA English DT Reprint DE consciousness; dualism; free choice; mind-brain; quantum mechanics AB Rene Descartes proposed an interactive dualism that posits an interaction between the mind of a human being and some of the matter in his or her brain. However, the classical physical theories that reigned during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are based exclusively on the material/physical part of Descartes' ontology, and they purport to give, in principle, a completely deterministic account of the physically described properties of nature, expressed exclusively in terms of these physically described properties themselves. Orthodox contemporary physical theory violates this condition in two separate ways. First, it injects random elements into the dynamics. Second, it requires psychophysical events, called Process I interventions by John von Neumann. Neither the content nor the timing of these events is determined, even statistically, by any known law. Orthodox quantum mechanics considers these events to be instigated by choices made by conscious agents. This quantum conception of the mind-brain connection allows many psychological and neuropsychological findings associated with the apparent physical effectiveness of our conscious volitional efforts to be explained in a causal and practically useful way. According to this quantum approach, conscious human beings are invested with degrees of freedom denied to the mechanistic automatons to which classical physics reduced us. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 599 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00762.x PG 17 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 080XP UT WOS:000240282100009 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, Henry P. TI Science's conception of human beings as a basis for moral theory SO ZYGON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cultural Diversity and Transversal Values -East-West Dialog on Spiritual-Secular Dynamics CY NOV 07-09, 2005 CL UNESCO Headquaters, Paris, FRANCE HO UNESCO Headquaters DE foundations of quantum mechanics; human values; philosophy of quantum mechanics; science and religion AB Niels Bohr stated, and Werner Heisenber reiterated, that "in the great drama of existence we ourselves are both actors and spectators." Their emphasis stems from the fact that the entry of human beings into physics as actors constitutes the most fundamental philosophical departure of twentieth-century basic physics from its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century forerunners. Those earlier theories claimed that our human conscious thoughts are mere witnesses to, or by-products of, essentially mechanically determined brain processes. In stark contrast, certain conscious decisions that are made by human beings, but that are not determined by any known law, statistical or otherwise, enter irreducibly into orthodox contemporary physical theory. These actions are required to counteract effects of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, which ordains that the physically described process of nature, acting alone, produces not a physical world of the kind we experience but rather a continuous smear of potential possible worlds of the kind we know. This contradiction between theory and experience is resolved in orthodox contemporary physical theory by bringing certain effects of our conscious human choices into the dynamics in essentially the way that we intuitively feel that our conscious intentions affect the physical world, namely, via the effects of our intentional efforts on our physically described bodies. The moral implications of this profound change in physics are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 3 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00763.x PG 5 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 080XP UT WOS:000240282100010 ER PT J AU Oliva, JM Gray, SK AF Oliva, Josep M. Gray, Stephen K. TI A computational study of the interaction of light with silver nanowires of different eccentricity SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Biennial Meeting of the Spanish-Royal-Society-of-Chemistry CY 2005 CL Lugo, SPAIN SP Spanish Royal Soc Chem ID SINGLE METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-PLASMON POLARITONS; FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SPHERES; SHAPE AB The interaction of light with isolated and pairs of silver nanowires with ellipsoidal cross-sections is studied with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A Drude model frequency-dependent dielectric constant, with parameters fit to empirical data, is employed. We determine the optical spectra, surface plasmon resonances and near-field profiles for various eccentricities and alignments relative to linearly polarized light. For one nanowire, the surface plasmon resonance position red (to a larger extent) and blue shifts as the ellipse is further elongated when the major (long) axis of the ellipse is oriented along or perpendicular to the direction of incident polarization. We also consider the case of two silver nanowires with circular and ellipsoidal cross-sections. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oliva, JM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM J.M.Oliva@iqfr.csic.es NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 427 IS 4-6 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 079FM UT WOS:000240160900028 ER PT J AU Kowalski, K de Jong, WA AF Kowalski, Karol de Jong, Wibe A. TI Noniterative inclusion of the triply and quadruply excited clusters: The locally renormalized perspective SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article ID BODY PERTURBATION THEORIES; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; FULL CCSDT MODEL; COUPLED-CLUSTER; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; DOUBLES METHOD; FOCK-SPACE; BASIS SETS AB Noniterative inclusion of the higher-order clusters has been a subject of intensive studies aimed at developing a well balanced description of individual many-body contributions for entire ground-state potential energy surfaces. In traditional approaches, the connected quadruples are estimated directly based on perturbative arguments, which leads to excellent agreement with full CI results near the equilibrium geometry and increasingly worse energies for larger intemuclear stretches. As a possible improvement to this situation, two techniques are considered as especially promising: perturbative approaches based on the similarity transformed Hamiltonians and renormalization schemes both in global and local formulations. Following the latter strategy we adopted the recently introduced numerator-denominator connected expansion (NDC) [K. Kowalski, P. Piecuch, J. Chem. Phys. [22 (2005) 074107] as an effective too] for designing new forms of noniterative corrections accounting for the joint effect of triples and quadruples. The performance of the ensuing locally renormalized CCSD(TQ) approaches (LR-CCSD(TQ)) is illustrated on several examples that require either going beyond the triples approximation or describing very subtle effects encountered in van der Waals complexes. Comparisons with other noniterative approaches are also made and some issues regarding the size-extensivity of the locally renormalized methods are addressed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kowalski, K (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, K8-91,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karol.kowalski@pnl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315 NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 768 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.04.049 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 093LA UT WOS:000241168600005 ER PT J AU Cui, LF Huang, X Wang, LM Li, J Wang, LS AF Cui, Li-Feng Huang, Xin Wang, Lei-Ming Li, Jun Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Pb-12(2-): Plumbaspherene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID LEAD CLUSTER ANIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; FULLERENES; TRANSITION; ELEMENTS; DENSITY; METALS AB Although Si or Ge is not known to form empty cage clusters such as the fullerenes, we recently found a unique 12-atom icosahedral tin cluster, Sn-12(2-) ( stannaspherene). Here we report photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical evidence that Pb-12(2-) is also a highly stable icosahedral cage cluster and bonded by four delocalized radial pi bonds and nine delocalized on-sphere sigma bonds from the 6p orbitals of the Pb atoms. Following Sn-12(2-), we coin a name, plumbaspherene, for the highly stable and nearly spherical Pb-12(2-) cluster, which is expected to be stable in solution and the solid state. Plumbaspherene has a diameter of similar to 6.3 angstrom with an empty interior volume large enough to host most transition metal atoms, affording a new class of endohedral clusters. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jun.li@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; NR 27 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 10169 EP 10172 DI 10.1021/jp063617x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 076XD UT WOS:000239990800001 PM 16928103 ER PT J AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, Victor I. TI Mechanisms for photogeneration and recombination of multiexcitons in semiconductor nanocrystals: Implications for lasing and solar energy conversion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; INVERTED CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; EFFICIENCIES EXCEEDING UNITY; ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER DYNAMICS; OPTICAL GAIN; STIMULATED-EMISSION; LIGHT AMPLIFICATION; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS AB One consequence of strong spatial confinement of electronic wave functions in ultrasmall semiconductor nanocrystals is a great enhancement of carrier-carrier interactions, which has a dramatic effect on the spectral and dynamical properties of both single and multiexciton states. Strong carrier-carrier interactions open new nanocrystal-specific energy relaxation and recombination channels associated, e. g., with electron-hole energy transfer and ultrafast nonradiative Auger recombination. Further, they lead to extremely efficient direct photogeneration of multiple electron-hole pairs (excitons) by single photons known as carrier (or exciton) multiplication. This review focuses on the effect of Coulomb interactions on carrier recombination and photogeneration mechanisms in nanocrystals based on II-VI (e. g., CdSe) and IV-VI (e. g., PbSe) compounds. The specific topics discussed here include the fine structure of the band-edge optical transitions and its effect on temperature-dependent single-exciton recombination dynamics, Auger recombination of multiexcitons in size- and shape-controlled nanocrystals with a specific emphasis on optical-gain properties of nanocrystalline materials ( including quantum rods and multicomponent core-shell heterostructures), and the direct generation of multiple excitons via carrier multiplication and its implications in photovoltaic technologies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-PCS,MS-J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 89 TC 352 Z9 360 U1 12 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 16827 EP 16845 DI 10.1021/jp0615959 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076XB UT WOS:000239990600007 PM 16927970 ER PT J AU Xiong, G Joly, AG Holtom, GP Wang, CM McCready, DE Beck, KM Hess, WP AF Xiong, Gang Joly, Alan G. Holtom, Gary P. Wang, Chongmin McCready, David E. Beck, Kenneth M. Hess, Wayne P. TI Excited carrier dynamics of alpha-Cr2O3/alpha-Fe2O3 core-shell nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HEMATITE HYDROSOLS; CR2O3; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ALPHA-FE2O3; SPECTRA AB In this work alpha-Cr2O3/R-Fe2O3 core-shell polycrystalline nanostructures were synthesized by using R-Cr2O3 nanoparticles as seed crystals during aqueous nucleation. The formation of alpha-Fe2O3 polycrystallites on R-Cr2O3 surfaces was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The excited-state relaxation dynamics of as-grown core-shell structures and "pure" R-Fe2O3 particles of the same size were measured with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results show the carrier lifetimes decay within a few picoseconds regardless of sample. This is likely due to fast recombination/ trapping of carriers to defects and iron d-states. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Joly, AG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM agjoly@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 16937 EP 16940 DI 10.1021/jp062507n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076XB UT WOS:000239990600021 PM 16927984 ER PT J AU Liu, YF Chen, W Joly, AG Wang, YQ Pope, C Zhang, YB Bovin, JO Sherwood, P AF Liu, Yuanfang Chen, Wei Joly, Alan G. Wang, Yuqing Pope, Carey Zhang, Yongbin Bovin, Jan-Olov Sherwood, Peter TI Comparison of water-soluble CdTe nanoparticles synthesized in air and in nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; STABILIZED CDSE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PROTEIN AB It is commonly believed that high-quality CdTe nanoparticles with strong luminescence can only be prepared under the protection of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. Here, we report the preparation of highly luminescent CdTe nnaoparticles in air and compare their luminescence properties with CdTe nanoparticles made in nitrogen. We find that both water-soluble CdTe nanoparticles made in air and in nitrogen exhibit strong photoluminescence as well as upconversion luminescence at room temperature. However, differences do exist between the particles made in air and those made in nitrogen. In particular, the particles prepared in air display a faster growth rate, grow to larger sizes, and display stronger electron coupling relative to the particles prepared in nitrogen. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the oxygen content in the nanoparticles synthesized in air is higher that that in particles synthesized in N-2, likely resulting in a higher availability of excess free cadmium. Cytotoxicity measurements reveal that the particles made in air appear slightly more toxic, possibly due to the excess of free cadmium. C1 Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Physiol Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Nomad Inc, 1024 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM weichen@uta.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [1R43CA-94403, 1R43CA110091-01] NR 23 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 16992 EP 17000 DI 10.1021/jp063085k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076XB UT WOS:000239990600029 PM 16927992 ER PT J AU Ozensoy, E Peden, CHF Szanyi, J AF Ozensoy, Emrah Peden, Charles H. F. Szanyi, Janos TI Ba deposition and oxidation on theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) ultrathin films. Part I: Anaerobic deposition conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LEVEL BINDING-ENERGIES; ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; NO2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE; PHOTOEMISSION; CATALYSTS; MODEL; NIAL(001); SHIFTS AB Room-temperature Ba deposition on an oxygen-terminated theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) ultrathin film substrate under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions is studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. In addition, Ba oxidation by the ions of the alumina substrate at 300 K < T < 1200 K in the absence of a gas-phase oxidizing agent is investigated. Our results indicate that at room temperature Ba grows in a layer-by-layer fashion for the first two layers, and Ba is partially oxidized. Annealing at T < 700 K results in further oxidation of the Ba species, whereas annealing at higher temperatures leads to loss of Ba from the surface via desorption and subsurface diffusion. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 17001 EP 17008 DI 10.1021/jp060668l PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076XB UT WOS:000239990600030 PM 16927993 ER PT J AU Ozensoy, E Peden, CHF Szanyi, J AF Ozensoy, Emrah Peden, Charles H. F. Szanyi, Janos TI Ba deposition and oxidation on theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) ultrathin films. Part II: O-2(g) assisted Ba oxidation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SITU RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; NO2 STORAGE; SURFACE; OXIDES; NIAL(001); CATALYSTS; PHOTOEMISSION; GROWTH; LAYER AB Ba deposition on a theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) substrate and its oxidation with gas-phase O-2 at various surface temperatures are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Oxidation of metallic Ba by gas-phase O-2 at 800 K results in the growth of 2D and 3D BaO surface domains. Saturation of a metallic Ba layer deposited on theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) with O-2(g) at 300 K reveals the formation of BaO2-like surface states. These metastable peroxide (O-2(2-)) states are converted to regular oxide (O2-) states at higher temperatures (800 K). In terms of thermal stability, BaO surface layers (theta(Ba) < 5 ML) that are formed by O-2(g) assisted oxidation on the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) substrate are significantly more stable (with a desorption/decomposition temperature of c. a. 1050 K) than the thick (2 < theta(Ba) < 10 ML) metallic/partially oxidized Ba layers prepared in the absence of gas-phase O-2, whose multilayer desorption features appear as low as 700 K. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 34 BP 17009 EP 17014 DI 10.1021/jp060669d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 076XB UT WOS:000239990600031 PM 16927994 ER PT J AU Campana, S Mangano, V Blustin, AJ Brown, P Burrows, DN Chincarini, G Cummings, JR Cusumano, G Della Valle, M Malesani, D Meszaros, P Nousek, JA Page, M Sakamoto, T Waxman, E Zhang, B Dai, ZG Gehrels, N Immler, S Marshall, FE Mason, KO Moretti, A O'Brien, PT Osborne, JP Page, KL Romano, P Roming, PWA Tagliaferri, G Cominsky, LR Giommi, P Godet, O Kennea, JA Krimm, H Angelini, L Barthelmy, SD Boyd, PT Palmer, DM Wells, AA White, NE AF Campana, S. Mangano, V. Blustin, A. J. Brown, P. Burrows, D. N. Chincarini, G. Cummings, J. R. Cusumano, G. Della Valle, M. Malesani, D. Meszaros, P. Nousek, J. A. Page, M. Sakamoto, T. Waxman, E. Zhang, B. Dai, Z. G. Gehrels, N. Immler, S. Marshall, F. E. Mason, K. O. Moretti, A. O'Brien, P. T. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Romano, P. Roming, P. W. A. Tagliaferri, G. Cominsky, L. R. Giommi, P. Godet, O. Kennea, J. A. Krimm, H. Angelini, L. Barthelmy, S. D. Boyd, P. T. Palmer, D. M. Wells, A. A. White, N. E. TI The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 25 APRIL 1998; RADIO-EMISSION; SN 1998BW; TELESCOPE; MISSION AB Although the link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established(1-4), hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a gamma-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor how a GRB progenitor explodes. Here we report observations of the relatively nearby GRB 060218 (ref. 5) and its connection to supernova SN 2006aj ( ref. 6). In addition to the classical non-thermal emission, GRB 060218 shows a thermal component in its X-ray spectrum, which cools and shifts into the optical/ ultraviolet band as time passes. We interpret these features as arising from the break-out of a shock wave driven by a mildly relativistic shell into the dense wind surrounding the progenitor(7). We have caught a supernova in the act of exploding, directly observing the shock break-out, which indicates that the GRB progenitor was a Wolf Rayet star. C1 Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. PPARC, Swindon SN2 1SZ, Wilts, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campana, S (reprint author), Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. EM sergio.campana@brera.inaf.it RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; WAXMAN, ELI/K-1557-2012; OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Della Valle, Massimo/0000-0003-3142-5020; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 NR 28 TC 464 Z9 470 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7106 BP 1008 EP 1010 DI 10.1038/nature04892 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 078YF UT WOS:000240142000041 PM 16943830 ER PT J AU Pian, E Mazzali, PA Masetti, N Ferrero, P Klose, S Palazzi, E Ramirez-Ruiz, E Woosley, SE Kouveliotou, C Deng, J Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Fynbo, JPU Kann, DA Li, W Hjorth, J Nomoto, K Patat, F Sauer, DN Sollerman, J Vreeswijk, PM Guenther, EW Levan, A O'Brien, P Tanvir, NR Wijers, RAMJ Dumas, C Hainaut, O Wong, DS Baade, D Wang, L Amati, L Cappellaro, E Castro-Tirado, AJ Ellison, S Frontera, F Fruchter, AS Greiner, J Kawabata, K Ledoux, C Maeda, K Moller, P Nicastro, L Rol, E Starling, R AF Pian, E. Mazzali, P. A. Masetti, N. Ferrero, P. Klose, S. Palazzi, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, E. Woosley, S. E. Kouveliotou, C. Deng, J. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Fynbo, J. P. U. Kann, D. A. Li, W. Hjorth, J. Nomoto, K. Patat, F. Sauer, D. N. Sollerman, J. Vreeswijk, P. M. Guenther, E. W. Levan, A. O'Brien, P. Tanvir, N. R. Wijers, R. A. M. J. Dumas, C. Hainaut, O. Wong, D. S. Baade, D. Wang, L. Amati, L. Cappellaro, E. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Ellison, S. Frontera, F. Fruchter, A. S. Greiner, J. Kawabata, K. Ledoux, C. Maeda, K. Moller, P. Nicastro, L. Rol, E. Starling, R. TI An optical supernova associated with the X-ray flash XRF 060218 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LOW-LUMINOSITY; LIGHT-CURVE; BURST; AFTERGLOW; MODELS; GRB-030329; GRB-031203; DISCOVERY; SN-2006AJ; EMISSION AB Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are associated with type Ic supernovae(1) that are more luminous than average(2-5) and that eject material at very high velocities. Less-luminous supernovae were not hitherto known to be associated with GRBs, and therefore GRB - supernovae were thought to be rare events(6). Whether X-ray flashes - analogues of GRBs, but with lower luminosities and fewer gamma-rays - can also be associated with supernovae, and whether they are intrinsically 'weak' events or typical GRBs viewed off the axis of the burst(7), is unclear. Here we report the optical discovery and follow-up observations of the type Ic supernova SN 2006aj associated with X-ray flash XRF 060218. Supernova 2006aj is intrinsically less luminous than the GRB - supernovae, but more luminous than many supernovae not accompanied by a GRB. The ejecta velocities derived from our spectra are intermediate between these two groups, which is consistent with the weakness of both the GRB output(8) and the supernova radio flux(9). Our data, combined with radio and X-ray observations(8-10), suggest that XRF 060218 is an intrinsically weak and soft event, rather than a classical GRB observed off-axis. This extends the GRB - supernova connection to X-ray flashes and fainter supernovae, implying a common origin. Events such as XRF 060218 are probably more numerous than GRB - supernovae. C1 Trieste Astron Observ, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. IASF, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, MSFC, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray & Observat Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Padova Astron Observ, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-35122 Padua, Italy. CSIC, IAA, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Earth Sci & Astron, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Pian, E (reprint author), Trieste Astron Observ, Ist Nazl Astrofis, Via GB Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. EM pian@oats.inaf.it RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Sauer, Daniel/A-3033-2012; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; OI Amati, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5355-7388; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Sauer, Daniel/0000-0002-0317-5063; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Patat, Ferdinando/0000-0002-0537-3573; Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740 NR 30 TC 336 Z9 339 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7106 BP 1011 EP 1013 DI 10.1038/nature05082 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 078YF UT WOS:000240142000042 PM 16943831 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Back, BB Esbensen, H Janssens, RVF Misicu, S Rehm, KE Collon, P Davids, CN Greene, J Henderson, DJ Jisonna, L Kurtz, S Lister, CJ Notani, M Paul, M Pardo, R Peterson, D Seweryniak, D Shumard, B Tang, XD Tanihata, I Wang, X Zhu, S AF Jiang, C. L. Back, B. B. Esbensen, H. Janssens, R. V. F. Misicu, S. Rehm, K. E. Collon, P. Davids, C. N. Greene, J. Henderson, D. J. Jisonna, L. Kurtz, S. Lister, C. J. Notani, M. Paul, M. Pardo, R. Peterson, D. Seweryniak, D. Shumard, B. Tang, X. D. Tanihata, I. Wang, X. Zhu, S. TI First evidence of fusion hindrance for a small Q-value system SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; FRAGMENT MASS ANALYZER; SUB-BARRIER FUSION; SUBBARRIER FUSION; NUCLEI AB The excitation function for the fusion-evaporation reaction Si-28 + Ni-64 has been measured down to a cross section of 25 nb. This is the first observation of fusion hindrance at extreme sub-barrier energies for a system with a small, negative Q-value (-1.78 MeV). This result is further proof that heavy-ion fusion hindrance, reported earlier only for systems with large, negative Q-values, is a general phenomenon. The measured behavior can be reproduced by coupled-channels calculations with a modified ion-ion potential incorporating the effects of nuclear incompressibility. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jiang@phy.anl.gov RI Misicu, Serban/B-6860-2011; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 640 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.07.007 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 078FN UT WOS:000240087800004 ER PT J AU Everhart, JL McNear, D Peltier, E van der Lelie, D Chaney, RL Sparks, DL AF Everhart, Jeffrey L. McNear, David, Jr. Peltier, Edward van der Lelie, Daniel Chaney, Rufus L. Sparks, Donald L. TI Assessing nickel bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nickel uptake; bioavailability; Alyssum murale; Avena sativa; hyperaccumulators; phytoremediation ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; HEAVY-METALS; IRON; OXIDE; MUCK; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; ADSORPTION; EXTRACTION AB Metal contaminants in soil environments derived from industrial pollution have clearly established the need for research on bioavailability and potential health risks. Much research has been conducted on metal sorption in soils. However, there is still a need to better understand the availability of metal contaminants to plants and microbes. Such information will enhance both human health and decisions about remediation efforts. In this study, Welland Loam (Typic epiaquolo and Quarry Muck (Terric haplohemist) Ni contaminated soils from Port Colborne (Canada) which had been treated and untreated with limestone, were employed in greenhouse and bioavailability studies. These soils varied in pH from 5.1 to 7.5, in organic matter content from 6% to 72%, and in total Ni from 63 to 22,000mg/kg. Oat (Avena sativa), a nonhyperaccumulator, andAlyssum murale, a hyperaccumulating plant species, were grown on these soils in greenhouse studies for 45 and 120 days, respectively, to estimate Ni accumulation. A Ni specific bacteria] biosensor was also used to determine Ni bioavailability, and the results were compared to those from the greenhouse studies and more conventional, indirect chemical extraction techniques (employing MgCl2 and a Sr(NO3)(2)). Results from the greenhouse, chemical extraction, and biosensor studies suggested that as the pH of the soil was increased with liming, Ni bioavailability decreased. However, the phytoextraction capability of A. murale increased as soil pH increased, which was not the case for A. sativa. Furthermore, the Ni specific bacterial biosensor was successful in predicting Ni bioavailability in the soils and suggested that higher Ni bioavailabilities occur in the soils at pH values of 5. 1 and 6. The combination of plant growth, chemical extraction, and bacterial biosensor approaches are recommended for assessing bioavailability of toxic metals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Everhart, JL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM everhart_jeff@yahoo.com NR 42 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 367 IS 2-3 BP 732 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.029 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077PS UT WOS:000240042700018 PM 16499951 ER PT J AU Riihimaki, CA Anderson, RS Safran, EB Dethier, DP Finkel, RC Bierman, PR AF Riihimaki, Catherine A. Anderson, Robert S. Safran, Elizabeth B. Dethier, David P. Finkel, Robert C. Bierman, Paul R. TI Longevity and progressive abandonment of the Rocky Flats surface, Front Range, Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic nuclide; incision; terrace; front range; Denver basin ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; HALF-LIFE; BE-10; AL-26; RATES; TERRACES; EROSION; STATES AB The post-orogenic evolution of the Laramide landscape of the western U.S. has been characterized by late Cenozoic channel incision of basins and their adjacent ranges. One means of constraining the incision history of basins is dating the remnants of gravel-capped surfaces above modem streams. Here, we focus on an extensive remnant of the Rocky Flats surface between Golden and Boulder, Colorado, and use in situ-produced Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in terrace alluvium to constrain the Quaternary history of this surface. Coal and Ralston Creeks, both tributaries of the South Platte River, abandoned the Rocky Flats surface and formed the Verdos and Slocum pediments, which are cut into Cretaceous bedrock between Rocky Flats and the modem stream elevations. Rocky Flats alluvium ranges widely in age, from > 2Ma to similar to 400ka, with oldest ages to the cast and younger ages closer to the mountain front. Numerical modeling of isotope concentration depth profiles suggests that individual sites have experienced multiple resurfacing events. Preliminary results indicate that Verdos and Slocum alluvium along Ralston Creek, which is slightly larger than Coal Creek, is several hundred thousand years old. Fluvial incision into these surfaces appears therefore to progress headward in response to downcutting of the South Platte River. The complex ages of these surfaces call into question any correlation of such surfaces based solely on their elevation above the modem channel. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Rosemont, PA 19010 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lewis & Clark Coll, Environm Studies Program, Portland, OR 97219 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Geosci, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Riihimaki, CA (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, 101 N Merion Ave, Rosemont, PA 19010 USA. EM criihima@brynmawr.edu; robert.s.anderson@colorado.edu; safran@lclark.edu; ddethier@williams.edu; rfinkel@llnl.gov; pbierman@uvm.edu NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.035 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 084AO UT WOS:000240504100007 ER PT J AU Peters, O Christensen, K AF Peters, Ole Christensen, Kim TI Rain viewed as relaxational events SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rain; scaling; relaxational events; self-organized criticality ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TIME-SERIES; MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM; EARTHQUAKES AB By following an analogy to earthquakes, we demonstrate how, from the point of view of energy flow through an open system, rain is analogous to many other relaxational processes in Nature. Defining rain events as the basic entities of the phenomenon, we show that the number density of rain events per year is inversely proportional to the released water column raised to the power 1.4. This is the rain-equivalent of the Gutenberg-Richter law for earthquakes. The event durations and the waiting times between events are also characterized by scaling regions, where no typical time scale exists. The Hurst exponent of the rain intensity signal H = 0.76 > 0.5. It is valid in the temporal range from minutes up to the full duration of the signal of half a year. All of our findings are consistent with the concept of self-organized criticality, which refers to the tendency of slowly driven non-equilibrium systems to evolve into a state of scale free behaviour. We note that self-organized criticality may offer an alternative to the chaos theoretic perspective on the subject of rain. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Peters, O (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM ote.peters@physics.org; k.christensen@imperial.ac.uk NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 328 IS 1-2 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.045 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 080LD UT WOS:000240248300005 ER PT J AU Newton, GN Geoffrey, JTC Long, DL Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Newton, Graham N. Geoffrey, J. T. Cooper Long, De-Liang Kogerler, Paul Cronin, Leroy TI Synthetic, structural and magnetic characterisation of a one-dimensional nickel chain constructed using cis,trans-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane as a building block SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; one-dimensional chains; hydrogen bonding; rigid aliphatic ligands; metal organic frameworks ID ALIPHATIC AMINO LIGANDS; COORDINATION NETWORKS; CLUSTERS; 2D AB Complexation of Ni-II acetate with cis,trans-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (trans-tach) in the presence of acetic acid leads to the construction of an infinite one-dimensional nickel chain {[Ni-2(trans-tachH)(2)(OAC)(4)(H2O)(2)](OAc)(2)center dot 5H(2)O}(n) (1). The crystal structure of 1 shows the chains to be connected via hydrogen bonded interactions between the protonated trans-amine group of the trans-tach and the non-coordinated oxygen atom of the acetate group bound to the second nickel centre on the parallel chain. Magnetic studies show ferromagnetic interactions between adjacent Ni-II centres. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Glasgow, WestCHEM Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, WestCHEM Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Newton, Graham/A-3667-2013; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Newton, Graham/0000-0003-2246-4466; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 796 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.03.087 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 094YW UT WOS:000241276300005 ER PT J AU Jiang, YB Liu, NG Gerung, H Cecchi, JL Brinker, CJ AF Jiang, Ying-Bing Liu, Nanguo Gerung, Henry Cecchi, Joseph L. Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI Nanometer-thick conformal pore sealing of self-assembled mesoporous silica by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIO2; ALD; FILMS C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cecchi, JL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cecchi@unm.edu; cjbrink@sandia.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [PN1 EY016570, PN1 EY016570-01] NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 34 BP 11018 EP 11019 DI 10.1021/ja061097d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 076BR UT WOS:000239932500018 PM 16925407 ER PT J AU Wang, W Wang, LQ Palmer, BJ Exarhos, GJ Li, ADQ AF Wang, Wei Wang, LiQiong Palmer, Bruce J. Exarhos, Gregory J. Li, Alexander D. Q. TI Cyclization and catenation directed by molecular self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; MESOSCOPIC SUPERSTRUCTURES; MACROCYCLIC DISULFIDES; COVALENT CHEMISTRY; PERYLENE; AMPLIFICATION; INTERLOCKING; ORGANIZATION; RECOGNITION; CATENANES AB We report here that molecular self-assembly can effectively direct and enhance specific reaction pathways. Using perylene pi-pi stacking weak attractive forces, we succeeded in synthesizing perylene bisimide macrocyclic dimer and a concatenated dimer-dimer ring from dynamic self-assembly of monomeric bis-N,N'-( 2-( 2-( 2-( 2-thioacetylethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl) perylenetetracarboxylic diimide. The monocyclic ring closure and the dimer-dimer ring concatenation were accomplished through formation of disulfide bonds, which was readily triggered by air oxidization under basic deacetylation conditions. The perylene cyclic dimer and its concatenated tetramer were characterized using both structural methods (NMR, mass spectroscopy) and photophysical measurements (UV-vis spectroscopy). Kinetic analyses offer informative insights about reaction pathways and possible mechanisms, which lead to the formation of complex concatenated rings. Molecular dynamic behaviors of both the monocyclic dimer and the concatenated dime-dimer ring were modeled with the NWChem molecular dynamics software module, which shows distinct stacking activities for the monocyclic dimer and the concatenated tetramer. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, ADQ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dequan@wsu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM065306] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 34 BP 11150 EP 11159 DI 10.1021/ja061826p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 076BR UT WOS:000239932500044 PM 16925433 ER PT J AU Lugo-Mas, P Dey, A Xu, L Davin, SD Benedict, J Kaminsky, W Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI Kovacs, JA AF Lugo-Mas, Priscilla Dey, Abhishek Xu, Liang Davin, Steven D. Benedict, Jason Kaminsky, Werner Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. Kovacs, Julie A. TI How does single oxygen atom addition affect the properties of an Fe-nitrile hydratase analogue? The compensatory role of the unmodified thiolate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; STABLE SULFENIC ACID; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RHODOCOCCUS SP N-771; NONHEME IRON CENTER; SULFUR-K; LOW-SPIN; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MODEL COMPLEXES AB Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is one of a growing number of enzymes shown to contain post-translationally modified cysteine sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH). Cysteine sulfenic acids have been shown to play diverse roles in cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and the regulation of oxygen metabolism and oxidative stress responses. The function of the cysteine sulfenic acid coordinated to the iron active site of NHase is unknown. Herein we report the first example of a sulfenate-ligated iron complex, [Fe-III(ADIT)(ADIT-O)](+) (5), and compare its electronic and magnetic properties with those of structurally related complexes in which the sulfur oxidation state and protonation state have been systematically altered. Oxygen atom addition was found to decrease the unmodified thiolate Fe-S bond length and blue-shift the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer band (without loss of intensity). S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations show that, although the modified RS-O- fragment is incapable of forming a pi bond with the FeIII center, the unmodified thiolate compensates for this loss of pi bonding by increasing its covalent bond strength. The redox potential shifts only slightly ( 75 mV), and the magnetic properties are not affected (the S = (1)/(2) spin state is maintained). The coordinated sulfenate S-O bond is activated and fairly polarized (S+-O-). Addition of strong acids at low temperatures results in the reversible protonation of sulfenate-ligated 5. An X-ray structure demonstrates that Zn2+ binds to the sulfenate oxygen to afford [Fe-III(ADIT)(ADIT-O-ZnCl3)] (6). The coordination of ZnCl3- to the RS-O- unit causes the covalent overlap with the unmodified thiolate to increase further. A possible catalytic role for the unmodified NHase thiolate, involving its ability to "tune" the electronics in response to protonation of the sulfenate (RS-O-) oxygen and/or substrate binding, is discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kovacs@chem.washington.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Benedict, Jason/D-7342-2011; Kovacs, Julie/G-5792-2015; OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Benedict, Jason/0000-0002-8992-7165; Kovacs, Julie/0000-0003-2358-1269; Kaminsky, Werner/0000-0002-9100-4909 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F31 GM73583-01, F31 GM073583, GM 40392, GM45881, R01 GM040392, R01 GM045881] NR 81 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 34 BP 11211 EP 11221 AR JA062706K DI 10.1021/ja062706k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 076BR UT WOS:000239932500051 PM 16925440 ER PT J AU Botar, B Geletii, YV Kogerler, P Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Weinstock, IA Hill, CL AF Botar, Bogdan Geletii, Yurii V. Kogerler, Paul Musaev, Djamaladdin G. Morokuma, Keiji Weinstock, Ira A. Hill, Craig L. TI The true nature of the di-iron(III) gamma-keggin structure in water: Catalytic aerobic oxidation and chemistry of an unsymmetrical trimer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; DISUBSTITUTED TUNGSTOSILICATES; POLYOXOMETALATE COMPLEXES; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; THIOETHER-OXIDATION; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALKENES AB The complex [gamma(1,2)-SiW(10){Fe(OH(2))}(2)O(38)](6-) (1) has been reported to catalyze the much sought reductant-free selective O(2-)based epoxidation of alkenes (Nishiyama, Y.; Nakagawa, Y.; Mizuno, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3639- 3641) in chlorocarbon-acetonitrile solution. The challenge of reproducing catalysis by 1 led us to examine this chemistry in detail. In H(2)O, a desirable solvent for catalysis, 1, does not exist in the proposed organic-medium form in which the two iron atoms are in the binding pocket defined by the equatorial oxygens and, importantly, by two oxygens bound to the central Si heteroatom. Instead, 1 in H(2)O initially forms an unusual trimer [{Fe(2)(OH)(3)(H(2)O)(2)}(3)(gamma-SiW(10)O(36))(3)](15-) (2). The X-ray structure of 2 shows that the Fe-O(Si) bonds are cleaved and new bonds (A-hydroxo bridges) form between these Fe centers and those of the neighboring [gamma(1,2)-SiW(10)Fe(2)] units. Structural, physical, and computational evidence indicate that if the bonds between the d-electron center, M ( Fe in the case of 1 and 2), and the terminal ligands on M are stronger than the M-O(x) bonds, then the out-of-pocket form is more stable and is the one observed. Significantly, 2 in H2O forms an intermediate that catalyzes the effective aerobic oxidation of sulfur compounds (mercaptoethanol is oxidized to the corresponding disulfide by O(2) at ambient pressure and temperature). All experimental findings are consistent with dissociation of a gamma-SiW(10) Keggin unit from the trimer, 2, to form the catalytically active species. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM iaw@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; chill@emory.edu RI Geletii, Yurii/B-3930-2014; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Geletii, Yurii/0000-0002-2287-330X; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 73 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 34 BP 11268 EP 11277 AR JA063157L DI 10.1021/ja063151l PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 076BR UT WOS:000239932500057 PM 16925446 ER PT J AU Jaikumar, P Reddy, S Steiner, AW AF Jaikumar, Prashanth Reddy, Sanjay Steiner, Andrew W. TI Quark matter in neutron stars: An Apercu SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review DE quark matter; neutron stars; strange quark stars ID STRANGE STARS; PAIR EMISSION; SUPERFLUIDITY; PULSARS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; OSCILLATIONS; TELESCOPE; BREAKING AB The existence of deconfined quark matter in the superdense interior of neutron stars is a key question that has drawn considerable attention over the past few decades. Quark matter can comprise an arbitrary fraction of the star, from 0 for a pure neutron star to 1 for a pure quark star, depending on the equation of state of matter at high density. From an astrophysical viewpoint, these two extreme cases are generally expected to manifest different observational signatures. An intermediate fraction implies a hybrid star, where the interior consists of mixed or homogeneous phases of quark and nuclear matter, depending on surface and Coulomb energy costs, as well as other finite size and screening effects. In this review, we discuss what we can deduce about quark matter in neutron stars in light of recent exciting developments in neutron star observations. We state the theoretical ideas underlying the equation of state of dense quark matter, including color superconducting quark matter. We also highlight recent advances stemming from re-examination of an old paradigm for the surface structure of quark stars and discuss possible evolutionary scenarios from neutron stars to quark stars, with emphasis on astrophysical observations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jaikumar, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaikumar@phy.anl.gov; reddy@lanl.gov; asteiner@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 EI 1793-6632 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 26 BP 1965 EP 1979 DI 10.1142/S0217732306021396 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 084TL UT WOS:000240557200001 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR Dhere, RG Jiang, CS Al-Jassim, MM Kazmerski, LL AF Moutinho, H. R. Dhere, R. G. Jiang, C. -S. Al-Jassim, M. M. Kazmerski, L. L. TI Electrical properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells investigated with conductive atomic force microscopy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE conductive atomic force microscopy; cadmium telluride; solar cells ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; FABRICATION; OXIDATION AB We report on the application of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) for studying the electrical properties of CdTe/CdS solar cells, and discuss the advantages and limitations of this technique. C-AFM is a new technique that uses the tip of an AFM to apply a potential between the tip and the sample, resulting in high spatial-resolution current images, as well as current versus voltage curves. The analyses were made before and after the standard vapor CdCl2 treatment, as well as two etching processes, using solutions of bromine/methanol and nitric-phosphoric acids. The current images from the untreated and CdCl2-treated samples showed grains with different contrasts, due to differences in electrical conductivity or a nonuniform surface. The bromine/methanol etch resulted in more conductive grain boundaries as compared to intragrain material, while the nitric/ phosphoric etch increased the conductivity of the whole film close to the surface and resulted in films with significant photocurrent. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM helio_moutinho@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 514 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.03.003 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 066GT UT WOS:000239218400022 ER PT J AU Dentz, M Tartakovsky, DM AF Dentz, Marco Tartakovsky, Daniel M. TI Delay mechanisms of non-Fickian transport in heterogeneous media SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-WALKS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIA; DISPERSION; BEHAVIOR; SOLUTE AB Fickian models of diffusion often fail to describe transport phenomena in heterogeneous environments due to their inability to capture the sub-scale fluctuations. We present an effective description of non-Fickian behavior that reflects the dichotomy between the continuum nature of Fick's law and the finite ( effective) observation scale associated with experimental studies of transport phenomena in heterogeneous systems. This dichotomy gives rise to a time delay between the cause and effect, i.e. between the concentration gradient and the mass flux. Evolving scales of heterogeneity induce a spectrum of such delay times that can lead to anomalous behavior. The presented model is a direct generalization of Fick's law and the well-established delay diffusion model. It complements effective modeling frameworks based on stochastic non-local theories and continuous time random walks. C1 Tec Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dentz, M (reprint author), Tec Univ Catalonia, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM marco.dentz@upc.es; dmt@ucsd.edu RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Dentz, Marco/C-1076-2015 OI Dentz, Marco/0000-0002-3940-282X NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 16 AR L16406 DI 10.1029/2006GL027054 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 081PZ UT WOS:000240330800005 ER PT J AU Daniel, JS Portmann, RW Miller, HL Solomon, S Langford, AO Eubank, CS Schofield, R Turner, DD Shupe, MD AF Daniel, J. S. Portmann, R. W. Miller, H. L. Solomon, S. Langford, A. O. Eubank, C. S. Schofield, R. Turner, D. D. Shupe, M. D. TI Cloud property estimates from zenith spectral measurements of scattered sunlight between 0.9 and 1.7 mu m SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; OXYGEN A-BAND; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; OPTICAL DEPTH; RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED RADIOMETER; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; JOINT STATISTICS AB [ 1] A theoretical approach is used to quantify the information available to retrieve cloud physical properties from data taken by a ground-based spectrometer measuring scattered sunlight in the near-infrared wavelength region. Three wavelength regions between 0.9 and 1.7 mu m, each containing water vapor, liquid, and ice absorption features, are examined using a differential optical absorption spectroscopy optimal estimation retrieval technique. Cloud properties that can be retrieved include path-integrated liquid water path and path-integrated ice water path (PLWP and PIWP), cloud liquid and ice temperatures, and the second moment of the photon path distribution. The accuracy of these cloud property retrievals is estimated for a variety of simulated conditions, with key analysis assumptions identified. The sensitivity of the measurements in the longest wavelength region to liquid water and ice is high, allowing for accurate estimates of PLWP and PIWP under optically thin clouds, while the shorter two wavelength bands provide more information under optically thicker clouds. Observations of mixed-phase clouds over Barrow, Alaska, are used to illustrate the practicality of the technique. Retrieved LWP values ( inferred from PLWP) are compared to LWP estimates from a microwave radiometer and an atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer; PIWP estimates are compared to IWP estimates from a millimeter-wave cloud radar. Cloud liquid temperature and photon path distribution information retrieved from these data are also presented. Furthermore, we suggest a technique for combining near-infrared spectral PLWP measurements with microwave radiometer observations to estimate cloud droplet effective radius. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Daniel, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.s.daniel@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Schofield, Robyn/A-4062-2010; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013; Eubank, Charles/H-5585-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Schofield, Robyn/0000-0002-4230-717X; Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D16 AR D16208 DI 10.1029/2005JD006641 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 081QV UT WOS:000240333000002 ER PT J AU Billot, L de la Chapelle, ML Barchiesi, D Chang, SH Gray, SK Rogers, JA Bouhelier, A Adam, PM Bijeon, JL Wiederrecht, GP Bachelot, R Royer, P AF Billot, L. de la Chapelle, M. Lamy Barchiesi, D. Chang, S. -H. Gray, S. K. Rogers, J. A. Bouhelier, A. Adam, P. -M. Bijeon, J. -L. Wiederrecht, G. P. Bachelot, R. Royer, P. TI Error signal artifact in apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (vol 89, pg 023105, 2006) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, CNRS, FRE 2848,Inst Charles Delaunay, F-10010 Troyes, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Billot, L (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, CNRS, FRE 2848,Inst Charles Delaunay, 12 Rue Marie Curie,BP2060, F-10010 Troyes, France. RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010; Chang, Gilbert/B-5437-2012; Bijeon, Jean-Louis/C-3972-2012; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI Chang, Gilbert/0000-0002-2729-4905; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 099901 DI 10.1063/1.2338883 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600138 ER PT J AU Kinane, CJ Suszka, AK Marrows, CH Hickey, BJ Arena, DA Dvorak, J Charlton, TR Langridge, S AF Kinane, C. J. Suszka, A. K. Marrows, C. H. Hickey, B. J. Arena, D. A. Dvorak, J. Charlton, T. R. Langridge, Sean TI Soft X-ray resonant magnetic scattering from an imprinted magnetic domain pattern SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COFE THIN-FILMS; ROUGHNESS CORRELATIONS; MULTILAYER; DISORDER; SURFACES AB The authors report on the use of a Co/Pt multilayer, which exhibits strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, to magnetostatically imprint a domain pattern onto a 50 angstrom thick Permalloy layer. Element specific soft x-ray magnetic scattering experiments were then performed so as to be sensitive to the magnetic structure of the Permalloy only. Off-specular magnetic satellite peaks, corresponding to a periodic domain stripe width of 270 nm, were observed, confirmed by magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic modeling. Thus the authors have exploited the element specificity of soft x-ray scattering to discern the purely magnetic correlations in a structurally flat Permalloy film. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, EC Stoner Lab, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Kinane, CJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, EC Stoner Lab, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM c.h.marrows@leeds.ac.uk RI Marrows, Christopher/D-7980-2011; Hickey, B J/B-3333-2016; OI Hickey, B J/0000-0001-8289-5618; Marrows, Christopher/0000-0003-4812-6393; Langridge, Sean/0000-0003-1104-0772 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 092507 DI 10.1063/1.2344935 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600080 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, RA Shenoy, GK Tien, LC Norton, D Pearton, S Sun, XH Sham, TK AF Rosenberg, R. A. Shenoy, G. K. Tien, L. -C. Norton, D. Pearton, S. Sun, X. H. Sham, T. K. TI Anisotropic x-ray absorption effects in the optical luminescence yield of ZnO nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; NANORODS; NANOWIRES; EMISSION; ORIGIN AB The authors have found that the directionality of the orbital populated following core-level x-ray absorption of a hexagonal nanostructure has a strong influence on the resulting optical luminescence yield spectra. For ZnO, there is an enhancement of the band gap exciton luminescence following O 1s to 2p(z) relative to 2p(x,y) excitation. The defect luminescence O 1s excitation spectrum also shows sensitivity to the nature of the defect (surface or bulk). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Rosenberg, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rar@aps.anl.gov RI Tien, Li-Chia/G-1117-2010; Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012; Sun, Xuhui /K-5689-2012 OI Tien, Li-Chia/0000-0002-3398-4806; NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 093118 DI 10.1063/1.2245440 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600108 ER PT J AU Tian, W Jiang, JC Pan, XQ Haeni, JH Li, YL Chen, LQ Schlom, DG Neaton, JB Rabe, KM Jia, QX AF Tian, W. Jiang, J. C. Pan, X. Q. Haeni, J. H. Li, Y. L. Chen, L. Q. Schlom, D. G. Neaton, J. B. Rabe, K. M. Jia, Q. X. TI Structural evidence for enhanced polarization in a commensurate short-period BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattice SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FERROELECTRIC SUPERLATTICES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; SRTIO3; DEPOSITION; LATTICE AB A short-period (BaTiO3)(6)/(SrTiO3)(5) superlattice was characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The superlattice is epitaxially oriented with the c axes of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 normal to the (001) surface of the SrTiO3 substrate. Despite the large in-plane lattice mismatch between BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 (similar to 2.2%), the superlattice interfaces were found to be nearly commensurate. The crystallographic c/a ratio of the superlattice was measured and the results agree quantitatively with first-principles calculations and phase-field modeling. The agreement supports the validity of the enhanced spontaneous polarization predicted for short-period BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM panx@umich.edu RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 092905 DI 10.1063/1.2335367 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600085 ER PT J AU Yu, J Wang, YM Lu, JQ Gutmann, RJ AF Yu, Jian Wang, Yinmin Lu, Jian-Qiang Gutmann, Ronald J. TI Low-temperature silicon wafer bonding based on Ti/Si solid-state amorphization SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALLOY; SI; TI AB Strong and nearly void-free bonding has been achieved using a low-temperature Ti/Si-based wafer bonding technique. Bare Si wafers are bonded with oxidized Si wafers at temperatures from 300 to 450 degrees C, using similar to 30 nm thick Ti as bonding intermediate. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectrometry elemental mapping indicate that the strong bonding is attributed to a solid-state amorphization between Ti and Si. Ti demonstrates particularly attractive capabilities to overcome kinetic barriers commonly associated with low-temperature silicon wafer bonding. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Focus Ctr New York, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Focus Ctr New York, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM yuj@us.ibm.com RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 092104 DI 10.1063/1.2338574 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600052 ER PT J AU Hakala, M Nygard, K Manninen, S Huotari, S Buslaps, T Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Hamalainen, K AF Hakala, M. Nygard, K. Manninen, S. Huotari, S. Buslaps, T. Nilsson, A. Pettersson, L. G. M. Hamalainen, K. TI Correlation of hydrogen bond lengths and angles in liquid water based on Compton scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ICE; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; ENERGETICS; PROFILE; MODEL AB The temperature-dependent hydrogen-bond geometry in liquid water is studied by x-ray Compton scattering using synchrotron radiation combined with density functional theory analysis. Systematic changes, related to the weakening of hydrogen bonding, are observed in the shape of the Compton profile upon increasing the temperature. Using model calculations and published distribution functions of hydrogen-bond geometries obtained from a NMR study we find a significant correlation between the hydrogen-bond length and angle. This imposes a new constraint on the possible local structure distributions in liquid water. In particular, the angular distortions of the short hydrogen bonds are significantly restricted. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hakala, M (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM mikko.o.hakala@helsinki.fi RI Hamalainen, Keijo/A-3986-2010; Nygard, Kim/B-3038-2011; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; OI Huotari, Simo/0000-0003-4506-8722; Hamalainen, Keijo/0000-0002-9234-9810; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Nygard, Kim/0000-0002-4258-9488 NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 8 AR 084504 DI 10.1063/1.2273627 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 080GX UT WOS:000240237000036 PM 16965026 ER PT J AU Komissarov, AV Lin, A Sears, TJ Hall, GE AF Komissarov, Anatoly V. Lin, Ao Sears, Trevor J. Hall, Gregory E. TI State-resolved thermalization of singlet and mixed singlet-triplet states of CH2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID A1A1 REMOVAL RATES; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; KETENE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; TRANSITIONS; CH2(A1A1); METHYLENE; (1)A(1) AB The role of mixed states in the collision-induced thermalization, intersystem crossing, and reactive loss of CH2 (a (1)A(1)) has been monitored using Doppler-resolved transient frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy. Singlet CH2 is produced in a hot initial distribution of translation and rotational energy states in the 308 nm photodissociation of ketene in a large excess of argon. Collisions with Ar and ketene cool the translational and rotational degrees of freedom, while depleting the total singlet CH2 population through reaction and intersystem crossing. Direct monitoring of the time-dependent populations of rotational levels containing mixed singlet and triplet character reveals a rapid interconversion between the two components, but no discernable difference between the kinetics of the pure singlet and mixed states at longer times. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Komissarov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gehall@bnl.gov RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 8 AR 084308 DI 10.1063/1.2345364 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 080GX UT WOS:000240237000023 PM 16965013 ER PT J AU Santiso, EE George, AM Gubbins, KE Nardelli, MB AF Santiso, Erik E. George, Aaron M. Gubbins, Keith E. Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno TI Effect of confinement by porous carbons on the unimolecular decomposition of formaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CHEMICAL-REACTION EQUILIBRIA; REACTION H2CO->H-2+CO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION; DENSITY; ADSORPTION; H2CO; APPROXIMATION; DIMERIZATION AB As part of an effort to understand the effect of confinement by porous carbons on chemical reactions, we have carried out density functional theory calculations on the unimolecular decomposition of formaldehyde within graphitic carbons. Our results show that the interactions with the carbon walls result in a lowering of the reaction barrier. For larger pores, there is also a shift of the equilibrium towards the formation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at low temperatures. This trend is reversed for small pore sizes. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, CHiPS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Santiso, EE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM eesantis@unity.ncsu.edu RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 8 AR 084711 DI 10.1063/1.2220566 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 080GX UT WOS:000240237000053 PM 16965043 ER PT J AU Travesset, A AF Travesset, A. TI Effect of dipolar moments in domain sizes of lipid bilayers and monolayers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MEMBRANES; SYSTEMS; SHAPE; DYNAMICS; TENSION AB Lipid domains are found in systems such as multicomponent bilayer membranes and single component monolayers at the air-water interface. It was shown by Keller [J. Phys. Chem. 91, 6417 (1987)] that in monolayers, the size of the domains results from balancing the line tension, which favors the formation of a large single circular domain, against the electrostatic cost of assembling the dipolar moments of the lipids. In this paper, we present an exact analytical expression for the electric potential, ion distribution, and electrostatic free energy for different problems consisting of three different slabs with different dielectric constants and Debye lengths, with a circular homogeneous dipolar density in the middle slab. From these solutions, we extend the calculation of domain sizes for monolayers to include the effects of finite ionic strength, dielectric discontinuities (or image charges), and the polarizability of the dipoles and further generalize the calculations to account for domains in lipid bilayers. In monolayers, the size of the domains is dependent on the different dielectric constants but independent of ionic strength. In asymmetric bilayers, where the inner and outer leaflets have different dipolar densities, domains show a strong size dependence with ionic strength, with molecular-sized domains that grow to macroscopic phase separation with increasing ionic strength. We discuss the implications of the results for experiments and briefly consider their relation to other two dimensional systems such as Wigner crystals or heteroepitaxial growth. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Travesset, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trvsst@ameslab.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 8 AR 084905 DI 10.1063/1.2336779 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 080GX UT WOS:000240237000065 PM 16965055 ER PT J AU Zhao, K Xu, HX Gu, BH Zhang, ZY AF Zhao, Ke Xu, Hongxing Gu, Baohua Zhang, Zhenyu TI One-dimensional arrays of nanoshell dimers for single molecule spectroscopy via surface-enhanced raman scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOSHELLS; PARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTRA; SERS AB The optical properties of one-dimensional arrays of metal nanoshell dimers are studied systematically using the T-matrix method based on Mie theory, within the context of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). It is shown that the local electromagnetic enhancement can be as high as similar to 4.5x10(13) for nanoshell dimer arrays with optimal geometry, and sensitive tunability in the resonant frequency can be gained by varying the geometrical parameters, making such structures appealing templates for SERS measurements with single molecule sensitivity. The extraordinarily high enhancement is attributed to a collective photonic effect constructively superposed onto the intrinsic enhancement associated with an isolated nanoshell dimer. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Lund Univ, Div Solid State Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhao, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; zou, Ci/E-8559-2017 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 8 AR 081102 DI 10.1063/1.2229204 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 080GX UT WOS:000240237000002 PM 16964992 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Abdallah, J AF Mazevet, S. Abdallah, J., Jr. TI Mixed UTA and detailed line treatment for mid-Z opacity and spectral calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NON-LTE PLASMAS; TRANSITION-ARRAYS; ATOMIC SPECTRA; ENERGY-LEVELS; SIMULATION; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIANCE AB We developed a method to mix detailed and statistical treatments within the same transition array and for a set of transition arrays entering the spectral or opacity calculations of light and mid-Z elements. By retaining the strongest lines within a given transition array, the method provides a spectral description comparable in accuracy to a detailed treatment approach, where all the lines are explicitly included in the spectral calculation. The remaining weak lines are represented by a UTA-like functional form. Overall, we show that the computational cost approaches the statistical UTA method. The method has been implemented in the Cowan atomic structure code and applied to the calculation of the LTE and non-LTE spectra of two mid-Z elements, xenon and iron. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Dept Phys Theor & Appl, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 16 BP 3419 EP 3429 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/16/022 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 073WU UT WOS:000239774200024 ER PT J AU Kolmakov, A Lanke, U Karam, R Shin, J Jesse, S Kalinin, SV AF Kolmakov, A. Lanke, U. Karam, R. Shin, J. Jesse, S. Kalinin, S. V. TI Application of spectromicroscopy tools to explore local origins of sensor activity in quasi-1D oxide nanostructures SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; NANOWIRE; SURFACE; NANOSENSORS; TRANSISTORS; NANOTUBES; NANOBELTS; CATALYSIS; SCIENCE AB We have tested a range of imaging and spectroscopic techniques to address their ability to locally explore the interplay between surface reactivity and transport properties of the metal oxide nanostructure wired as a chemiresistor and chemi-FET. In particular, we used scanning surface potential microscopy ( SSPM) to monitor the spatial and temporal particularities of the dc potential distributions in an operating device. We also successfully implemented synchrotron radiation- based photoelectron emission microscopy ( PEEM) to explore submicron lateral compositional and electronic ( work function) inhomogeneity on the surface of an individual nanowire sensor. These results open new avenues to visualize and spectroscopically address the chemical phenomena on an individual quasi-1D nanostructure both in real time and at nano- and mesoscopic level. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. Invenios Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kolmakov, A (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM akolmakov@physics.siu.edu RI Kolmakov, Andrei/A-9095-2011; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 16 BP 4014 EP 4018 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/003 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 077FE UT WOS:000240012600003 PM 21727530 ER PT J AU Bazinet, P Tupper, KA Tilley, TD AF Bazinet, Patrick Tupper, Karl A. Tilley, T. Don TI Octa- and nonamethylfluorene and an electron-rich permethylfluorenyl ruthenocene derivative SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID R = H; INDENYL COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL LIGAND; PERMETHYLINDENYL COMPLEXES; FLUORENYL COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL AB Two highly methylated fluorene derivatives have been synthesized and used for the preparation of mixed-ligand fluorenyl ruthenocenes. Specifically, reaction of 2,2', 3,3', 4,4', 5,5'-octamethylbiphenyl with paraformaldehyde in the presence of CF3CO2H provided 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octamethylfluorene (C13Me8H2), which was subsequently methylated by reaction with n-BuLi followed by addition of MeI to yield 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-nonamethylfluorene (C13Me9H). Reaction of the lithium fluorenyl derivatives with [Cp*RuCl](4) generated the mixed- ligand ruthenocenes Cp*(C13Me8H)Ru and Cp*(C13Me9)Ru. Electrochemical measurements indicate that these ruthenocene derivatives undergo quasi-reversible oxidations at low potentials consistent with strongly donating character for the highly methylated fluorenyl ligands. X-ray diffraction studies on C13Me8H2, C13Me9H, and Cp*(C13Me9) Ru revealed a twisted fluorene core in all cases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 18 BP 4286 EP 4291 DI 10.1021/om0603464 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 075LX UT WOS:000239887600009 ER PT J AU DuBois, DL Blake, DM Miedaner, A Curtis, CJ DuBois, MR Franz, JA Linehan, JC AF DuBois, Daniel L. Blake, Daniel M. Miedaner, Alex Curtis, Calvin J. DuBois, M. R. Franz, James A. Linehan, John C. TI Hydride transfer from rhodium complexes to triethylborane SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; DONOR ABILITIES; BITE ANGLE; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PALLADIUM COMPLEXES; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; TRITYL CATION; HYDROGEN AB The hydrides HRh(depe)(2) and HRh(dmpe)(2) (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2, dmpe = Me2PCH2CH2PMe2) have thermodynamic hydride donor abilities comparable to LiHBEt3, as indicated by their ability to transfer a hydride ligand to Et3B to sequentially form [Et3BHBEt3](-) and [HBEt3](-). HRh(depe)(2) and HRh(dmpe)(2) can be generated from [Rh(dmpe)(2)](CF3SO3) and [Rh(depe)(2)](CF3SO3) and hydrogen gas in the presence of a strong base such as potassium tert-butoxide or lithium diisopropylamide. This reaction proceeds through the oxidative addition of hydrogen to form the [H2Rh(diphosphine)(2)](CF3SO3) complexes, followed by deprotonation. The oxidative addition of H-2 is favored by diphosphine ligands with electron-donating substituents and large chelate bites. In the present study, the driving force for oxidative addition of H-2 follows the order [Rh(dmpe)(2)](CF3SO3) > [Rh(depe)(2)](CF3SO3) > [Rh(dppe)(2)](CF3SO3) with [Rh(dmpe)(2)]( CF3SO3) binding H-2 more strongly than [Rh(dppe)(2)](CF3SO3) (dppe =Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) by at least 2.7 kcal/mol. The effect of the chelate bite size is larger. [H2Rh(depx)(2)](CF3SO3) (depx = 1,2-(Et-2-PCH2) 2C6H4) binds H-2 more strongly than [Rh(depe)(2)](CF3SO3) by 12 kcal/mol. An understanding of both hydrogen activation and hydride donor abilities is important for developing powerful hydride donors from H-2. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP DuBois, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM daniel.dubois@pnl.gov NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 18 BP 4414 EP 4419 DI 10.1021/om060584z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 075LX UT WOS:000239887600023 ER PT J AU Graham, G Afaq, A Evans, D Guglielmo, G Wicklund, E Love, P AF Graham, Greg Afaq, Anzar Evans, David Guglielmo, Gerald Wicklund, Eric Love, Peter TI Contextual constraint modeling in Grid application workflows SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GGF Workshop on Workflow in Grid Systems CY MAR 09, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP GGF DE workflow; Python; inversion of control AB This paper introduces a new mechanism for specifying constraints in distributed workflows. By introducing constraints in a contextual form, it is shown how different people and groups within collaborative communities can cooperatively constrain workflows. A comparison with existing state-of-the-art workflow systems is made. These ideas are explored in practice with an illustrative example from High-Energy Physics. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. RP Graham, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ggraham@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1277 EP 1292 DI 10.1002/cpe.989 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 074IC UT WOS:000239804900016 ER PT J AU Dentz, M Tartakovsky, DM Abarca, E Guadagnini, A Sanchez-Vila, X Carrera, J AF Dentz, M. Tartakovsky, D. M. Abarca, E. Guadagnini, A. Sanchez-Vila, X. Carrera, J. TI Variable-density flow in porous media SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID CALCULATING TRANSIENT POSITION; SHARP INTERFACE PROBLEM; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; COASTAL AQUIFER; SALTWATER FRONT; INTRUSION; MOVEMENT; SIMULATION; CONVECTION AB Steady-state distributions of water potential and salt concentration in coastal aquifers are typically modelled by the Henry problem, which consists of a fully coupled system of flow and transport equations. Coupling arises from the dependence of water density on salt concentration. The physical behaviour of the system is fully described by two dimensionless groups: (i) the coupling parameter alpha, which encapsulates the relative importance of buoyancy and viscous forces, and (ii) the Peclet number Pe, which quantifies the relative importance of purely convective and dispersive transport mechanisms. We provide a systematic analytical analysis of the Henry problem for a full range of the Peclet number. For moderate Pe, analytical solutions are obtained through perturbation expansions in alpha. This allows us to elucidate the onset of density-driven vertical flux components and the dependence of the local hydraulic head gradients on the coupling parameter. The perturbation solution identifies the regions where salt concentration is most pronounced and relates their spatial extent to the development of a convection cell. Next, we compare our solution to a solution of the pseudo-coupled model, wherein flow and transport are coupled only via the boundary conditions. This enables us to isolate the effects caused by density-dependent processes from those induced by external forcings (boundary conditions). For small Pe, we develop a perturbation expansion around the exact solution corresponding to Pe = 0, which sheds new light on the interpretation of processes observed in diffusion experiments with variable-density flows in porous media. The limiting case of infinite Peclet numbers is solved exactly for the pseudo-coupled model and compared to numerical simulations of the fully coupled problem for large Pe. The proposed perturbation approach is applicable to a wide range of variable-density flows in porous media, including seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers and temperature or pressure-driven density flows in deep aquifers. C1 Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Politecn Milan, DIIAR, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Dentz, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Dept Geotech Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain. RI Carrera, Jesus/E-7251-2011; Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Dentz, Marco/C-1076-2015; OI Dentz, Marco/0000-0002-3940-282X; Sanchez-Vila, Xavier/0000-0002-1234-9897 NR 45 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 561 BP 209 EP 235 DI 10.1017/S0022112006000668 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 081NG UT WOS:000240323700008 ER PT J AU Karner, D Francfort, J AF Karner, Donald Francfort, James TI US Department of Energy hybrid electric vehicle battery and fuel economy testing SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Lead-Acid Batteries (LABAT 2005) CY JUN 13-16, 2005 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Lead-Acid Battery Dept, Inst Electrochem & Energy Syst, Bulgarian Acad Sci, SOFIA 1113, Monbat PLC DE fuel economy testing; hybrid electric vehicle; performance; US Department of Energy; envioronmental conditions; battery capacity AB The advanced vehicle testing activity (AVTA), part of the US Department of Energy's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, has conducted testing of advanced technology vehicles since August 1995 in support of the AVTA goal to provide benchmark data for technology modelling, and research and development programs. The AVTA has tested over 200 advanced technology vehicles including full-size electric vehicles, urban electric vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles, and internal combustion engine vehicles powered by hydrogen. Currently, the AVTA is conducting a significant evaluation of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) produced by major automotive manufacturers. The results are posted on the AVTA web page maintained by the Idaho National Laboratory. Through the course of this testing, the fuel economy of HEV fleets has been monitored and analyzed to determine the 'real world' performance of their hybrid energy systems, particularly the battery. The initial fuel economy of these vehicles has typically been less than that determined by the manufacturer and also varies significantly with environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the fuel economy and, therefore, battery performance, has remained stable over the life of a given vehicle (160 000 miles). (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Elect Transportat Applicat, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Karner, D (reprint author), Elect Transportat Applicat, 401 S 2nd Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85003 USA. EM karner@aol.com NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 158 IS 2 SI SI BP 1173 EP 1177 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.095 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 088WW UT WOS:000240842800056 ER PT J AU Lucadamo, G Yang, NYC Marchi, CS Lavernia, EJ AF Lucadamo, G. Yang, N. Y. C. Marchi, C. San Lavernia, E. J. TI Microstructure characterization in cryomilled Al 5083 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Al alloy; oxide; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); precipitation; cryomilling; dispersoid ID AL-MG ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE AL; THERMAL-STABILITY; 5083-AL-ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION AB Nanocrystalline metals and alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) generally have improved mechanical strength compared with conventionally processed materials. In this work, we survey the microstructure of an Al 5083 alloy prepared by ball-milling powders at cryogenic temperatures (cryomilling) then consolidated by hot-isostatic pressing (HIPing) and extrusion into cylindrical billets. After milling, the particles are comprised of nanocrystalline grains, which are maintained following extrusion. We identify MgO, Al-6(FeMnCr), Al(MnFe)Si, AlCrMg, Mg2Si, and SiO2 phases as precipitates or dispersoids in the microstructure. This synthesis method results in a yield strength that is approximately twice that of typical wrought Al 5083 alloys. We find-that the microhardness is essentially unchanged after annealing at temperatures up to similar to 0.8T(m). The influence of the components of the microstructure on the measured mechanical properties is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Yang, NYC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Engn Sci Ctr, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM galucad@sandia.gov; nyyang@sandia.gov RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.039 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 074YX UT WOS:000239849700031 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Liu, FX Wang, YD Zhang, HF Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Liu, F. X. Wang, Y. D. Zhang, H. F. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Comparison of mechanical behavior between bulk and ribbon Cu-based metallic glasses SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; nanoindentation; plastic deformation; hardness; free volume ID FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; FLOW AB As-cast bulk and as-spun ribbon Cu(60)Zr(30)Ti(10) metallic glasses were characterized using differential- scanning calorimetry and instrumented nanoindentation. Two alloys show a significant difference in the amount of free volume, which is attributed to the difference in a cooling rate, while exhibiting a similar serrated plastic flow. Atomic-force-microscopy observations demonstrate the pile-ups containing shear bands around the indents in both alloys. The as-cast bulk alloy has higher hardness and elastic modulus than the as-spun ribbon alloy. The difference in the strengths of two alloys may be related to the different amount of free volume. The strength seems to be more sensitive to a cooling rate during solidification than the plastic-flow behavior in the Cu(60)Zr(30)Ti(10). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NE Univ, Sch Met & Mat, Shenyang 110006, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.042 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 074YX UT WOS:000239849700048 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chapman, J Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chu, PH Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cresciolo, F Cruz, A Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demers, S Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Efron, J Ehlers, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Sciveres, MG Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, SR Hahn, K Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Herndon, M Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McFarlane, M McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V Van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, P Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Acosta, D. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Bachacou, H. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Ben Haim, E. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chapman, J. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Chu, P. H. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Cresciolo, F. Cruz, A. Cuenca Almenar, C. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demers, S. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Dionisi, C. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Dorr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Ebina, K. Efron, J. Ehlers, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Flores-Castillo, L. R. Foland, A. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLUS JETS EVENTS; CDF AB We present a measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using 318 pb(-1) of data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We select t (t) over bar decays into the final states e nu+jets and mu nu+jets, in which at least one b quark from the t-quark decays is identified using a secondary vertex-finding algorithm. Assuming a top quark mass of 178 GeV/c(2), we measure a cross section of 8.7 +/- 0.9(stat)(-0.9)(+1.1)(syst) pb. We also report the first observation of t (t) over bar with significance greater than 5 sigma in the subsample in which both b quarks are identified, corresponding to a cross section of 10.1(-1.4)(+1.6)(stat)(-1.3)(+2.0)(syst) pb. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padua Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, Siena & Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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T Kang, J Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van 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Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J 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Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Paoletti, R. Papadimitriou, V. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Rakitin, A. Rappoccio, S. Ratnikov, F. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. van Remortel, N. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robertson, W. J. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Rott, C. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Sabik, S. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Saltzberg, D. Sanchez, C. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfiligoi, I. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Skiba, A. Slaughter, A. J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spezziga, M. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. Denis, R. St. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sumorok, K. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tanimoto, N. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Tether, S. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Tonnesmann, M. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vaiciulis, A. Vallecorsa, S. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Walter, T. Wan, Z. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zetti, F. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for a neutral Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL AB We present the results of a search for standard model Higgs boson production with decay to WW*, identified through the leptonic final states e(+)e(-)(nu) over bar nu,e(+/-)mu(-/+)(nu) over bar nu and mu(+)mu(-)(nu) over bar nu. This search uses 360 pb(-1) of data collected from p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II). We observe no signal excess and set 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio for the Higgs boson to WW* or any new scalar particle with similar decay products. These upper limits range from 5.5 to 3.2 pb for Higgs boson masses between 120 and 200 GeV/c(2). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padua Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Pisa, Siena & Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012 OI Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 081802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.081802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800011 ER PT J AU Becher, T Neubert, M AF Becher, Thomas Neubert, Matthias TI Threshold resummation in momentum space from effective field theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YAN CROSS-SECTION; WILSON LOOPS; ORDER; RENORMALIZATION AB Methods from soft-collinear effective theory are used to perform the threshold resummation of Sudakov logarithms for the deep-inelastic structure function F-2(x,Q(2)) in the end-point region x -> 1 directly in momentum space. An explicit all-order formula is derived, which expresses the short-distance coefficient function C in the convolution F-2=C circle times phi(q) in terms of Wilson coefficients and anomalous dimensions defined in the effective theory. Contributions associated with the physical scales Q(2) and Q(2)(1-x) are separated from nonperturbative hadronic physics in a transparent way. A crucial ingredient to the momentum-space resummation is the exact solution to the integro-differential evolution equation for the jet function, which is derived. The methods developed in this Letter can be applied to many other hard QCD processes. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 21 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 082001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.082001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800012 PM 17026292 ER PT J AU Burch, KS Shrekenhamer, DB Singley, EJ Stephens, J Sheu, BL Kawakami, RK Schiffer, P Samarth, N Awschalom, DD Basov, DN AF Burch, K. S. Shrekenhamer, D. B. Singley, E. J. Stephens, J. Sheu, B. L. Kawakami, R. K. Schiffer, P. Samarth, N. Awschalom, D. D. Basov, D. N. TI Impurity band conduction in a high temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GA1-XMNXAS; MN)AS; (GA AB The band structure of a prototypical dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), Ga1-xMnxAs, is studied across the phase diagram via infrared and optical spectroscopy. We prove that the Fermi energy (E-F) resides in a Mn-induced impurity band (IB). Specifically the changes in the frequency dependent optical conductivity [sigma(1)(omega)] with carrier density are only consistent with E-F lying in an IB. Furthermore, the large effective mass (m(*)) of the carriers inferred from our analysis of sigma(1)(omega) supports this conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the metal to insulator transition in this DMS is qualitatively different from other III-V semiconductors doped with nonmagnetic impurities. We also provide insights into the anomalous transport properties of Ga1-xMnxAs. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burch, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kburch@lanl.gov RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014; OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; Burch, Kenneth/0000-0002-7541-0245 NR 34 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 087208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087208 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800054 PM 17026333 ER PT J AU Chang, CW Fennimore, AM Afanasiev, A Okawa, D Ikuno, T Garcia, H Li, DY Majumdar, A Zettl, A AF Chang, C. W. Fennimore, A. M. Afanasiev, A. Okawa, D. Ikuno, T. Garcia, H. Li, Deyu Majumdar, A. Zettl, A. TI Isotope effect on the thermal conductivity of boron nitride nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS AB We have measured the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity kappa(T) of individual multiwall boron nitride nanotubes using a microfabricated test fixture that allows direct transmission electron microscopy characterization of the tube being measured. kappa(T) is exceptionally sensitive to isotopic substitution, with a 50% enhancement in kappa(T) resulting for boron nitride nanotubes with 99.5% B-11. For isotopically pure boron nitride nanotubes, kappa rivals that of carbon nanotubes of similar diameter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Li, Deyu/D-2938-2012; Ikuno, Takashi/N-8454-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Li, Deyu/0000-0001-8364-0924; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Ikuno, Takashi/0000-0002-5322-9373 NR 27 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 9 U2 63 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 085901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.085901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800036 PM 17026316 ER PT J AU Ji, XD Qiu, JW Vogelsang, W Yuan, F AF Ji, Xiangdong Qiu, Jian-Wei Vogelsang, Werner Yuan, Feng TI Unified picture for single transverse-spin asymmetries in hard-scattering processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; POLARIZED PROTON-BEAM; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; TO-BACK JETS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ANALYZING POWER; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD AB Using lepton-pair production in hadron-hadron collisions as an example, we explore the relation between two well-known mechanisms for single-transverse-spin asymmetries in hard processes: twist-three quark-gluon correlations when the pair's transverse momentum is large, q(perpendicular to)>Lambda(QCD), and time-reversal-odd and transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions when q(perpendicular to) is much less than the pair's mass. We find that, although the two mechanisms each have their own domain of validity, they describe the same physics in the kinematic region where they overlap. This unifies the two mechanisms and imposes an important constraint on phenomenological studies. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ji, XD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 NR 40 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 082002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.082002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800013 PM 17026293 ER PT J AU Liddick, SN Grzywacz, R Mazzocchi, C Page, RD Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Darby, IG Drafta, G Goodin, C Gross, CJ Hamilton, JH Hecht, AA Hwang, JK Ilyushkin, S Joss, DT Korgul, A Krolas, W Lagergren, K Li, K Tantawy, MN Thomson, J Winger, JA AF Liddick, S. N. Grzywacz, R. Mazzocchi, C. Page, R. D. Rykaczewski, K. P. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Darby, I. G. Drafta, G. Goodin, C. Gross, C. J. Hamilton, J. H. Hecht, A. A. Hwang, J. K. Ilyushkin, S. Joss, D. T. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Lagergren, K. Li, K. Tantawy, M. N. Thomson, J. Winger, J. A. TI Discovery of Xe-109 and Te-105: Superallowed alpha decay near doubly magic Sn-100 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR; RADIOACTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTOPES AB Two new alpha emitters Xe-109 and Te-105 were identified through the observation of the Xe-109 -> Te-105 -> Sn-101 alpha-decay chain. The Xe-109 nuclei were produced in the fusion-evaporation reaction Fe-54(Ni-58,3n)Xe-109 and studied using the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Two transitions at E-alpha=4062 +/- 7 keV and E-alpha=3918 +/- 9 keV were interpreted as the l=2 and l=0 transitions from the 7/2(+) ground state in Xe-109 (T-1/2=13 +/- 2 ms) to the 5/2(+) ground state and a 7/2(+) excited state, located at 150 +/- 13 keV in Te-105. The observation of the subsequent decay of Te-105 marks the discovery of the lightest known alpha-decaying nucleus. The measured transition energy E-alpha=4703 +/- 5 keV and half-life T-1/2=620 +/- 70 ns were used to determine the reduced alpha-decay width delta(2). The ratio delta Te-105(2)/delta Po-213(2) of similar to 3 indicates a superallowed character of the alpha emission from Te-105. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Liddick, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 082501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.082501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800016 PM 17026296 ER PT J AU Papandrew, AB Lucas, MS Stevens, R Halevy, I Fultz, B Hu, MY Chow, P Cohen, RE Somayazulu, M AF Papandrew, A. B. Lucas, M. S. Stevens, R. Halevy, I. Fultz, B. Hu, M. Y. Chow, P. Cohen, R. E. Somayazulu, M. TI Absence of magnetism in hcp iron-nickel at 11 K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HIGH-PRESSURE; EPSILON-FE; ALLOYS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; FIELDS; COMPUTATIONS; MOSSBAUER; MANGANESE AB Synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy (SMS) was performed on an hcp-phase alloy of composition Fe92Ni8 at a pressure of 21 GPa and a temperature of 11 K. Density functional theoretical calculations predict antiferromagnetism in both hcp Fe and hcp Fe-Ni. For hcp Fe, these calculations predict no hyperfine magnetic field, consistent with previous experiments. For hcp Fe-Ni, however, substantial hyperfine magnetic fields are predicted, but these were not observed in the SMS spectra. Two possible explanations are suggested. First, small but significant errors in the generalized gradient approximation density functional may lead to an erroneous prediction of magnetic order or of erroneous hyperfine magnetic fields in antiferromagnetic hcp Fe-Ni. Alternately, quantum fluctuations with periods much shorter than the lifetime of the nuclear excited state would prohibit the detection of moments by SMS. C1 CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Papandrew, AB (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, MC 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 087202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800048 ER PT J AU Peng, HB Chang, CW Aloni, S Yuzvinsky, TD Zettl, A AF Peng, H. B. Chang, C. W. Aloni, S. Yuzvinsky, T. D. Zettl, A. TI Ultrahigh frequency nanotube resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; OSCILLATOR AB We report carbon-nanotube-based electromechanical resonators with the fundamental mode frequency over 1.3 GHz, operated in air at room temperature. A new combination of drive and detection methods allows for unprecedented measurement of both oscillation amplitude and phase and elucidates the relative mobility of static charges near the nanotube. The resonator serves as an exceptionally sensitive mass detector capable of similar to 10(-18) g resolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peng, HB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Peng, Haibing/G-1273-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Peng, Haibing/0000-0002-9470-9736; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Yuzvinsky, Thomas/0000-0001-5708-2877 NR 23 TC 216 Z9 220 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 087203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800049 PM 17026328 ER PT J AU Tandel, SK Khoo, TL Seweryniak, D Mukherjee, G Ahmad, I Back, B Blinstrup, R Carpenter, MP Chapman, J Chowdhury, P Davids, CN Hecht, AA Heinz, A Ikin, P Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Moore, EF Peterson, D Reiter, P Tandel, US Wang, X Zhu, S AF Tandel, S. K. Khoo, T. L. Seweryniak, D. Mukherjee, G. Ahmad, I. Back, B. Blinstrup, R. Carpenter, M. P. Chapman, J. Chowdhury, P. Davids, C. N. Hecht, A. A. Heinz, A. Ikin, P. Janssens, R. V. F. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Moore, E. F. Peterson, D. Reiter, P. Tandel, U. S. Wang, X. Zhu, S. TI K isomers in No-254: Probing single-particle energies and pairing strengths in the heaviest nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BAND; STATES; ELEMENTS AB We have identified two isomers in No-254, built on two- and four-quasiparticle excitations, with quantum numbers K-pi=8(-) and (14(+)), as well as a low-energy 2-quasiparticle K-pi=3(+) state. The occurrence of isomers establishes that K is a good quantum number and therefore that the nucleus has an axial prolate shape. The 2-quasiparticle states probe the energies of the proton levels that govern the stability of superheavy nuclei, test 2-quasiparticle energies from theory, and thereby check their predictions of magic gaps. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Tandel, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 34 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 082502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.082502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800017 PM 17026297 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lu, ZY Zhang, XG Han, XF AF Wang, Yan Lu, Zhong-Yi Zhang, X. -G. Han, X. F. TI First-principles theory of quantum well resonance in double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SINGLE; LAYER AB Quantum well (QW) resonances in Fe(001)/MgO/Fe/MgO/Fe double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions are calculated from first principles. By including the Coulomb blockade energy due to the finite size islands of the middle Fe film, we confirm that the oscillatory differential resistance observed in a recent experiment [T. Nozaki , Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 027208 (2006)] originates from the QW resonances from the Delta(1) band of the Fe majority-spin channel. The primary source of smearing at low temperatures is shown to be the variation of the Coulomb blockade energy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xgz@ornl.gov; xfhan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Yan/G-8061-2011; 上官, 敏慧/E-8964-2012 OI Wang, Yan/0000-0002-8648-2172; NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 087210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.087210 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800056 ER PT J AU Yabashi, M Hastings, JB Zolotorev, MS Mimura, H Yumoto, H Matsuyama, S Yamauchi, K Ishikawa, T AF Yabashi, Makina Hastings, Jerome B. Zolotorev, Max S. Mimura, Hidekazu Yumoto, Hirokatsu Matsuyama, Satoshi Yamauchi, Kazuto Ishikawa, Tetsuya TI Single-shot spectrometry for x-ray free-electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; OPTICS; MONOCHROMATOR AB An experimental scheme to realize single-shot spectrometry for the diagnostics of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is presented. The combination of an ultraprecisely figured mirror and a perfect crystal form a simple, high-precision spectrometer that can cover an energy range from a few eV to a hundred eV with high resolution. The application of the spectrometer to determine XFEL pulse widths was investigated theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown that the present system can determine pulse widths from sub-fs to ps in a single shot even for spontaneous radiation. The system can be easily extended to even shorter pulses. C1 JASRI, SPring 8, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Precis Sci & Technol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. SPring 8 RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RP Yabashi, M (reprint author), JASRI, SPring 8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. EM yabashi@spring8.or.jp RI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/I-4775-2012; Yabashi, Makina/A-2832-2015; OI Ishikawa, Tetsuya/0000-0002-6906-9909; Yabashi, Makina/0000-0002-2472-1684; zolotorev, max/0000-0002-6261-4505 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 084802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.084802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800029 ER PT J AU Young, L Arms, DA Dufresne, EM Dunford, RW Ederer, DL Hohr, C Kanter, EP Krassig, B Landahl, EC Peterson, ER Rudati, J Santra, R Southworth, SH AF Young, L. Arms, D. A. Dufresne, E. M. Dunford, R. W. Ederer, D. L. Hohr, C. Kanter, E. P. Krassig, B. Landahl, E. C. Peterson, E. R. Rudati, J. Santra, R. Southworth, S. H. TI X-ray microprobe of orbital alignment in strong-field ionized atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSES; IONIZATION; GENERATION; THRESHOLD; ELECTRON; OPTICS; IONS AB We have developed a synchrotron-based, time-resolved x-ray microprobe to investigate optical strong-field processes at intermediate intensities (10(14)-10(15) W/cm(2)). This quantum-state specific probe has enabled the direct observation of orbital alignment in the residual ion produced by strong-field ionization of krypton atoms via resonant, polarized x-ray absorption. We found strong alignment to persist for a period long compared to the spin-orbit coupling time scale (6.2 fs). The observed degree of alignment can be explained by models that incorporate spin-orbit coupling. The methodology is applicable to a wide range of problems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM young@anl.gov RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 NR 29 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 8 AR 083601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.083601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 077QC UT WOS:000240043800022 PM 17026302 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, YE Yoshida, A Sugita, S Tanaka, K Ishikawa, N Tamagawa, T Suzuki, M Shirasaki, Y Kawai, N Matsuoka, M Atteia, JL Pelangeon, A Vanderspek, R Crew, GB Villasenor, JS Butler, N Doty, JP Ricker, GR Pizzichini, G Donaghy, TQ Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Sato, R Maetou, M Arimoto, M Kotoku, J Jernigan, JG Sakamoto, T Olive, JF Boer, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I AF Nakagawa, Yujin E. Yoshida, Atsumasa Sugita, Satoshi Tanaka, Kaoru Ishikawa, Nobuyuki Tamagawa, Toru Suzuki, Motoko Shirasaki, Yuji Kawai, Nobuyuki Matsuoka, Masaru Atteia, Jean-Luc Pelangeon, Alexandre Vanderspek, Roland Crew, Geoffrey B. Villasenor, Joel S. Butler, Nat Doty, John P. Ricker, George R. Pizzichini, Graziella Donaghy, Timothy Q. Lamb, Donald Q. Graziani, Carlo Sato, Rie Maetou, Miki Arimoto, Makoto Kotoku, Jun'ichi Jernigan, J. Garrett Sakamoto, Takanori Olive, Jean-Francois Boer, Michel Fenimore, Edward E. Galassi, Mark Woosley, Stanford E. Yamauchi, Makoto Takagishi, Kunio Hatsukade, Isamu TI An optically dark GRB observed by HETE-2: GRB 051022 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE gamma rays : observations; star : individual (GRB 051022); X-rays : ISM ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ABSORPTION; BEPPOSAX; ENERGY; AFTERGLOWS; ENERGETICS; SPECTRUM; UNIVERSE; PROMPT; GALAXY AB GRB 051022 was detected at 13:07:58 on 2005 October 22 UT by HETE-2. The location of GRB 051022 was determined immediately by the fight localization system. This burst contained multiple pulses, and had a rather long duration of about 190 s. The detections of candidate X-ray and radio afterglows were reported, whereas no optical afterglow was found. Optical spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy revealed a redshift of z = 0.8. Using data derived by a HETE-2 observation of the prompt emission, we found absorption of N-H = (8.8(-2.9)(+3.1)) x 10(22) cm(-2) and visual extinction of A(V) = 49(-16)(+17) mag in the host galaxy. If this is the case, no detection of any optical transient would be quite reasonable. The absorption derived by Swift XRT observations of the afterglow is fully consistent with those obtained from an early HETE-2 observation of the prompt emission. Our analysis implies an interpretation that the absorbing medium may be outside the external shock at R similar to 10(16) cm, which could be a dusty molecular cloud. C1 Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. JAXA, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Observ Midi Pyrenees, LAT, F-31400 Toulouse, France. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA. IASF Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Nakagawa, YE (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. EM yujin@phys.aoyama.ac.jp NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 58 IS 4 BP L35 EP L39 DI 10.1093/pasj/58.4.L35 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 082GZ UT WOS:000240376000003 ER PT J AU Gao, W Matzel, E Grand, SP AF Gao, Wei Matzel, Eric Grand, Stephen P. TI Upper mantle seismic structure beneath eastern Mexico determined from P and S waveform inversion and its implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-VELOCITY ANOMALIES; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; TRANSITION-ZONE; KM DISCONTINUITY; EARTHS MANTLE; THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS; SHEAR VELOCITY; RINGWOODITE; TOMOGRAPHY; TOPOGRAPHY AB [ 1] We present compressional ( P) and shear ( S) wave seismic velocity models for the upper mantle beneath southeastern Mexico derived from waveform inversion of triplicated seismic phases. The seismic waveform data produced by an earthquake located near the Mexico-Guatemala border were recorded by the La Ristra passive seismic array. The La Ristra seismic array consists of 54 broadband seismometers arranged linearly from west Texas to southeastern Utah. The orientation of the La Ristra array is nearly along the great circle from the event, and the distance ( 18.5 degrees - 26.5 degrees) of the seismic array from southern Mexico is such that the data are ideal for investigating localized seismic structure of the upper mantle. Previous tomography and receiver function studies provide a priori knowledge of receiver-side crustal and upper mantle structure from which static adjustments were made to the seismic data. The waveforms were inverted for mantle velocity from 40 to 1000 km depth using a conjugate gradient algorithm. In the inversion, we evaluated a suite of starting models with different depths of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities and varying velocity gradients. The best fitting models have velocity increases across the 410 km discontinuity of 6.2% and 7.3% for P and S wave velocities, respectively. The velocity jump across the 660 km discontinuity was found to be 3.3% for P waves and 6.3% for S waves. The size of the upper mantle discontinuities that we find are more in agreement with a pyrolite composition than standard reference models imply. A common feature of the best fitting models is a low-velocity zone above the 410 km discontinuity that is more prominent in the shear velocity model than the compressional velocity model. This feature may be due to partial melting induced by water release from the transition zone. The overall jump in velocity at 410 km is also larger than in previously published models with a lower gradient below. In addition, the P wave data require a small discontinuity at 490 km depth that is not resolved in the S data. Finally, the S wave data require an unusually high gradient beginning at about 600 km depth extending to the 660 km discontinuity. This feature may be due to a thermal and/or mineralogic anomaly due to a flat lying slab beneath eastern Mexico. C1 Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM weigao@mail.utexas.edu RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Matzel, Eric/K-2571-2014 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B8 AR B08307 DI 10.1029/2006JB004304 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 078KP UT WOS:000240102000006 ER PT J AU Back, CK Sandi, G Prakash, J Hranisavljevic, J AF Back, Chang-Keun Sandi, Giselle Prakash, Jai Hranisavljevic, Jasmina TI Hydrogen sorption on palladium-doped sepiolite-derived carbon nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBES; STORAGE; ADSORPTION; SPILLOVER; NANOPARTICLES; ATOMS AB The hydrogen sorption behavior of novel Pd-doped sepiolite-derived carbon nanofibers (SDCNs) was investigated. Two chemical doping methods of ethanol/ toluene reduction and a polyol process were applied to control Pd(0) formation in the SDCNs at different Pd doping levels. Hydrogen storage capacity was observed to vary depending on the Pd particle size and doping amount as the Pd particle surface area and the carbon Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area change with them, suggesting the existence of an optimum Pd doping level at each doping method for the best hydrogen storage capacity. Among the samples prepared using the polyol method at different Pd amounts, the maximum hydrogen uptake of about 0.41 wt % was obtained at 298 K and 90 bar for the 5 wt % Pd-doped SDCN that has a relatively high Pd particle surface area and carbon BET surface area. Samples prepared using the ethanol/ toluene reduction method exhibited a higher hydrogen uptake of about 0.59 wt % at lower Pd doping levels (3 wt % Pd) due to a smaller Pd particle size and relatively high carbon BET surface area. The hydrogen desorption behavior investigated by differential scanning calorimeter exhibited that a higher amount of hydrogen desorbed at around 860 K from the Pd-doped SDCNs compared to that from the undoped SDCN. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis suggested that some of the weak chemisorbed hydrogen changes to a normal covalent bond during the heating and effuses at around 860 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60016 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gsandi@anl.gov NR 27 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 33 BP 16225 EP 16231 DI 10.1021/jp061925p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 074NB UT WOS:000239818000016 PM 16913747 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Kneafsey, TJ Moridis, GJ Seol, Y Kowalsky, MB Sloan, ED AF Gupta, Arvind Kneafsey, Timothy J. Moridis, George J. Seol, Yongkoo Kowalsky, Michael B. Sloan, E. D., Jr. TI Composite thermal conductivity in a large heterogeneous porous methane hydrate sample SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; GAS; SEDIMENTS; MIXTURES; ROCK; SAND; ICE AB By employing inverse modeling to analyze the laboratory data, we determined the composite thermal conductivity (k(theta), W/m/K) of a porous methane hydrate sample ranged between 0.25 and 0.58 W/m/K as a function of density. The calculated composite thermal diffusivities of porous hydrate sample ranged between 2.59 x 10(-7) m(2)/s and 3.71 x 10(-7) m(2)/s. The laboratory study involved a large heterogeneous sample (composed of hydrate, water, and methane gas). The measurements were conducted isobarically at 4.98 MPa over a temperature range of 277.3-279.1 K. Pressure and temperature were monitored at multiple locations in the sample. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to visualize and quantify the density changes that occurred during hydrate formation from granular ice. CT images showed that methane hydrate formed from granular ice was heterogeneous and provided an estimate of the sample density variation in the radial direction. This facilitated quantifying the density effect on composite thermal conductivity. This study showed that the sample heterogeneity should be considered in thermal conductivity measurements of hydrate systems. Mixing models ( i.e., arithmetic, harmonic, geometric mean, and square root models) were compared to the estimated composite thermal conductivity determined by inverse modeling. The results of the arithmetic mean model showed the best agreement with the estimated composite thermal conductivity. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Hydrate Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sloan, ED (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Hydrate Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM esloan@mines.edu RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 NR 34 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 33 BP 16384 EP 16392 DI 10.1021/jp0619639 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 074NB UT WOS:000239818000036 PM 16913767 ER PT J AU Stewart, SJ Fernandez-Garcia, M Belver, C Mun, BS Requejo, FG AF Stewart, Silvana J. Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos Belver, Carolina Mun, B. Simon Requejo, Felix G. TI Influence of N-doping on the structure and electronic properties of titania nanoparticle photocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CONTAINING TIO2 PHOTOCATALYSTS; EDGE STRUCTURE; K EDGES; OXIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; XANES; ANATASE; COORDINATION AB N-containing TiO2-based nanostructured materials ( average particle size similar to 10 nm) with an anatase-type structure were investigated using oxygen (O) K-edge and titanium (Ti) K- and L-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). The Ti K pre-edge features indicate that samples predominantly contain Ti-[6] with some Ti-[5], and there is no evidence for Ti-[4]. We observed that those samples with a larger fraction of Ti in a fivefold coordination, that is, with a significant number of oxygen vacancies, also present a modified Ti environment at the medium-range scale. The presence of these defects drastically modifies the electronic structure of the conduction band, as evidenced by the O K XANES spectra, but does not result in the presence of reduced Ti3+ states. We discuss the influence of N-doping on titania nanoparticles and their structure, electronics and photocatalytic activity. C1 Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IFLP, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. CISC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, Madrid 49706, Spain. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UNLP, INIFTA, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Requejo, FG (reprint author), Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, CC 67, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM requejo@fisica.unlp.edu.ar RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014; Belver, Carolina/B-9306-2012; Requejo, Felix/O-2260-2016 OI Belver, Carolina/0000-0003-2590-3225; Requejo, Felix/0000-0003-4439-864X NR 29 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 33 BP 16482 EP 16486 DI 10.1021/jp0624451 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 074NB UT WOS:000239818000048 PM 16913779 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Shelton, WA Schneider, WF AF Xu, Ye Shelton, William A. Schneider, William F. TI Thermodynamic equilibrium compositions, structures, and reaction energies of PtxOy (x=1-3) clusters predicted from first principles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; PLATINUM CLUSTERS; EXHAUST CATALYSIS; GOLD CLUSTERS; SIZE; OXIDATION; SURFACES; OXIDE AB As synthetic nanocatalysis strives to create and apply well-defined catalytic centers containing as few as a handful of active metal atoms, it becomes particularly important to understand the structures, compositions, and reactivity of small metal clusters as a function of size and chemical environment. As a part of our effort to better understand the oxidation chemistry of Pt clusters, we present here a comprehensive set of density functional theory simulations combined with thermodynamic modeling that allow us to map out the T- pO(2) phase diagrams and predict the oxygen affinity of PtxOy clusters, x = 1-3. We find that the Pt clusters have a much stronger tendency to form oxides than does the bulk metal, that these oxides persist over a wide range of oxygen chemical potentials, and that the most stable cluster stoichiometry varies with size and may differ from the stoichiometry of the stable bulk oxide in the same environment. Further, the facility with which the clusters are reduced depends both on size and on composition. These models provide a systematic framework for understanding the compositions and energies of redox reactions of discrete metal clusters of interest in supported and gas-phase nanocatalysis. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneider, WF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 182 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM wschneider@nd.edu RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 33 BP 16591 EP 16599 DI 10.1021/jp0614446 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 074NB UT WOS:000239818000063 PM 16913794 ER PT J AU Li, L Hitchcock, AP Robar, N Cornelius, R Brash, JL Scholl, A Doran, A AF Li, Li Hitchcock, Adam P. Robar, Nicholas Cornelius, Rena Brash, John L. Scholl, Andreas Doran, Andrew TI X-ray microscopy studies of protein adsorption on a phase-segregated polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate surface. 1. Concentration and exposure-time dependence for albumin adsorption SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMON RESONANCE; POLYMER SURFACES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SOLID-SURFACES; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; PHOTOABSORPTION; BIOMATERIALS; ELLIPSOMETRY AB X-ray photoemission electron microscopy using synchrotron radiation illumination has been used to measure the spatial distributions of albumin on a phase-segregated polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) polymer thin film following adsorption from unbuffered, deionized aqueous solutions under a range of solution concentrations and exposure times. Chemical mapping of the albumin, PS, and PMMA shows that the distribution of albumin on different adsorption sites (PS, PMMA, and the interface between the PS and PMMA domains) changes depending on the concentration of the albumin solution and the exposure time. The preferred sites of absorption at low concentration and short exposure are the PS/PMMA interfaces. Albumin shows a stronger preference for the PS domains than the PMMA domains. The exposure-time dependence suggests that a dynamic equilibrium between albumin in solution and adsorbed on PS domains is established in a shorter time than is required for equilibrating albumin between the solution and the PMMA domains. The explanation of these preferences in terms of possible adsorption mechanisms is discussed. C1 McMaster Univ, BIMR, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. McMaster Univ, Sch Biomed Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hitchcock, AP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, BIMR, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM aph@mcmaster.ca RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI Doran, Andrew/0000-0001-5158-4569 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 33 BP 16763 EP 16773 DI 10.1021/jp062442o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 074NB UT WOS:000239818000085 PM 16913816 ER PT J AU Stoyer, MA AF Stoyer, Mark A. TI Nuclear physics - Island ahoy! SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stoyer, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stoyer1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7105 BP 876 EP 877 DI 10.1038/442876a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 076LT UT WOS:000239960500021 PM 16929285 ER PT J AU Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Castromonte, C Machado, AA Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP Frisullo, V O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Stenson, K Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Pacetti, S Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardneri, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Pegna, DL Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Gobel, C Olatora, J Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Givens, KM Hosack, M Johns, WE Luiggi, E Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, J. M. Yager, P. M. Anjos, J. C. Bediaga, I. Castromonte, C. Machado, A. A. Magnin, J. Massafferri, A. de Miranda, J. M. Pepe, I. M. Polycarpo, E. dos Reis, A. C. Carrillo, S. Casimiro, E. Cuautle, E. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Uribe, C. Vazquez, F. Agostino, L. Cinquini, L. Cumalat, J. P. Frisullo, V. O'Reilly, B. Segoni, I. Stenson, K. Butler, J. N. Cheung, H. W. K. Chiodini, G. Gaines, I. Garbincius, P. H. Garren, L. A. Gottschalk, E. Kasper, P. H. Kreymer, A. E. Kutschke, R. Wang, M. Benussi, L. Bertani, M. Bianco, S. Fabbri, F. L. Pacetti, S. Zallo, A. Reyes, M. Cawlfield, C. Kim, D. Y. Rahimi, A. Wiss, J. Gardneri, R. Kryemadhi, A. Chung, Y. S. Kang, J. S. Ko, B. R. Kwak, J. W. Lee, K. B. Cho, K. Park, H. Alimonti, G. Barberis, S. Boschini, M. Cerutti, A. D'Angelo, P. DiCorato, M. Dini, P. Edera, L. Erba, S. Inzani, P. Leveraro, F. Malvezzi, S. Menasce, D. Mezzadri, M. Moroni, L. Pedrini, D. Pontoglio, C. Prelz, F. Rovere, M. Sala, S. Davenport, T. F., III Arena, V. Boca, G. Bonomi, G. Gianini, G. Liguori, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Merlo, M. M. Pantea, D. Ratti, S. P. Riccardi, C. Vitulo, P. Gobel, C. Olatora, J. Hernandez, H. Lopez, A. M. Mendez, H. Paris, A. Quinones, J. Ramirez, J. E. Zhang, Y. Wilson, J. R. Handler, T. Mitchell, R. Engh, D. Givens, K. M. Hosack, M. Johns, W. E. Luiggi, E. Nehring, M. Sheldon, P. . D. Vaandering, E. W. Webster, M. Sheaff, M. CA FOCUS Collaboration TI Search for a pentaquark decaying to pK(s)(0) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MULTI-QUARK HADRONS; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; FOCUS SPECTROMETER; BARYON RESONANCE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; STATE; THETA(1540)(+); COLLISIONS; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We present a search for a pentaquark decaying strongly to pK(S)(0) in gamma N collisions at a center-of-mass energy up to 25 GeV. Finding no evidence for such a state in the mass range of 1470 MeV/c(2) to 2200 MeV/c(2), we set limits on the yield and on the cross section times branching ratio relative to Sigma(*)(1385)(+/-) and K-*(892)(+). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Pontifi Cia Univ Catolica, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stenson, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stenson@fnal.gov RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Castromonte Flores, Cesar Manuel/O-6177-2014; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Castromonte Flores, Cesar Manuel/0000-0002-9559-3704; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 6 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.07.013 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 075CA UT WOS:000239858600004 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Bellavance, A Benitez, J Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Golling, T Gollub, N Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Karmanov, D Kasper, J Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Kryemadhi, A Krzywdzinski, S Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lager, S Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madams, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M Mattingly, SEK McCarthy, R McCroskey, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS 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Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. da Silva, W. L. Prado Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Rapidis, P. A. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Rud, V. I. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shephard, W. D. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Sidwell, R. A. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Song, X. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stevenson, K. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Strohmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. White, V. Wicke, D. Wijngaarden, D. A. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yen, Y. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Measurement of beta (t -> Wb)/beta(t -> Wq) at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; PLUS JETS EVENTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PHYSICS AB We present the measurement of R = B(t -> Wb)/B(t -> Wq) in pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, using 230 pb(-1) of data collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We fit simultaneously R and the number (N-tt) of selected top quark pairs (tt), to the number of identified b-quark jets in events with one electron or one muon, three or more jets, and high transverse energy imbalance. To improve sensitivity, kinematical properties of events with no identified b-quark jets are included in the fit. We measure R = 1.03(-0.17)(0.19) (stat + syst), in good agreement with the standard model. We set lower limits of R > 0.61 and vertical bar V-tb vertical bar > 0.78 at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsaca, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Clement, C (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM cclement@cern.ch RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 639 IS 6 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.07.019 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 075CA UT WOS:000239858600006 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Hopkins, WA DuRant, SE Unrine, JA AF Roe, John H. Hopkins, William A. DuRant, Sarah E. Unrine, Jason A. TI Effects of competition and coal-combustion wastes on recruitment and life history characteristics of salamanders in temporary wetlands SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; density; ephemeral ponds; interactive effects; salamanders; pollution ID BULLFROGS RANA-CATESBEIANA; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; BUFO-TERRESTRIS; LARVAL DENSITY; SOUTHERN TOADS; AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITIES; INSECTICIDE; POND; METAMORPHOSIS; TADPOLES AB Amphibians in natural systems must cope with a number of biotic and abiotic stressors that can potentially interact with pollutants to influence toxicity. Although interactive effects of short-lived pesticides with various environmental stressors have been studied, how persistent and bioaccumulative compounds such as metals interact with natural stressors to influence amphibians remains unexplored. We exposed the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum to coal-combustion wastes (a complex mixture of metals and metalloids, hereafter referred to as CCW) at low and high larval density throughout aquatic development in mesocosms simulating temporary wetlands. CCW and high density reduced survival to metamorphosis by 57-77% and 85-92%, respectively, and the effects of these two factors together were additive. Reduced metamorphosis was due in part to larval mortality prior to initiation of pond drying, but CCW and high density also extended the larval period, causing mortality of larvae that were not ready to metamorphose before the pond dried. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a pollutant-induced extension of larval period leading to reduction in amphibian recruitment. Metamorphs were smaller in high density compared to low in reference ponds, but those from CCW emerged at similar sizes irrespective of density, suggesting less-than-additive effects of density and CCW on metamorph size. The adverse responses of salamanders to CCW were likely due to direct toxicity, as A. talpoideum metamorphs accumulated high concentrations of a suite of trace elements (As, Se, Sr, and V), and also to indirect effects on the community food web. We conclude that in no case did the addition of a natural stressor (high density) exacerbate CCW-related effects, but that the effects of CCW alone can be detrimental to larvae of salamanders that breed in temporary ponds. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roe, JH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM roe@aerg.canberra.edu.au OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 79 IS 2 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.007 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 075BO UT WOS:000239857400009 PM 16842868 ER PT J AU Panessa-Warren, BJ Warren, JB Wong, SS Misewich, JA AF Panessa-Warren, B. J. Warren, J. B. Wong, S. S. Misewich, J. A. TI Biological cellular response to carbon nanoparticle toxicity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School and Workshop on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Monte Porzio Catone, ITALY ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RESEARCH STRATEGIES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; SAFETY EVALUATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOMATERIALS; PARTICLES; NANOTUBES; CYTOTOXICITY AB Recent advances in nanotechnology have increased the development and production of many new nanomaterials with unique characteristics for industrial and biomedical uses. The size of these new nanoparticles (< 100 nm) with their high surface area and unusual surface chemistry and reactivity poses unique problems for biological cells and the environment. This paper reviews the current research on the reactivity and interactions of carbon nanoparticles with biological cells in vivo and in vitro, with ultrastructural images demonstrating evidence of human cell cytotoxicity to carbon nanoparticles characteristic of lipid membrane peroxidation, gene down regulation of adhesive proteins, and increased cell death ( necrosis, apoptosis), as well as images of nontoxic carbon nanoparticle interactions with human cells. Although it is imperative that nanomaterials be systematically tested for their biocompatibility and safety for industrial and biomedical use, there are now ways to develop and redesign these materials to be less cytotoxic, and even benign to cell systems. With this new opportunity to utilize the unique properties of nanoparticles for research, industry and medicine, there is a responsibility to test and optimize these new nanomaterials early during the development process, to eliminate or ameliorate identified toxic characteristics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11974 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Panessa-Warren, BJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Div, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bpanessa@bnl.gov; warren@bnl.gov; sswong@bnl.gov; misewich@bnl.gov NR 49 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 33 SI SI BP S2185 EP S2201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/33/S34 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 070XD UT WOS:000239558800036 ER PT J AU Nakamura, R Frei, H AF Nakamura, Ryuhei Frei, Heinz TI Visible light-driven water oxidation by Ir oxide clusters coupled to single Cr centers in mesoporous silica SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL IRIDIUM OXIDE; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; CATALYSTS; CHROMIUM; COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGANDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HMFrei@lbl.gov RI nakamura, ryuhei/C-9729-2014 OI nakamura, ryuhei/0000-0003-0743-8534 NR 32 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 33 BP 10668 EP 10669 DI 10.1021/ja0625632 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074CW UT WOS:000239791100017 PM 16910647 ER PT J AU Greathouse, JA Allendorf, MD AF Greathouse, Jeffery A. Allendorf, Mark D. TI The interaction of water with MOF-5 simulated by molecular dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; BINDING; GASES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Greathouse, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jagreat@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 306 Z9 311 U1 29 U2 176 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 33 BP 10678 EP 10679 DI 10.1021/ja063506b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074CW UT WOS:000239791100022 PM 16910652 ER PT J AU Xiao, SX Tang, JY Beetz, T Guo, XF Tremblay, N Siegrist, T Zhu, YM Steigerwald, M Nuckolls, C AF Xiao, Shengxiong Tang, Jinyao Beetz, Tobias Guo, Xuefeng Tremblay, Noah Siegrist, Theo Zhu, Yimei Steigerwald, Michael Nuckolls, Colin TI Transferring self-assembled, nanoscale cables into electrical devices SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HEXA-PERI-HEXABENZOCORONENE; CONTACT RESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; MOBILITY; NANOTUBE; FIBERS C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Elect Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Nuckolls, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cn37@columbia.edu RI Tang, Jinyao/I-3851-2012; Xiao, Shengxiong/C-6156-2009 OI Xiao, Shengxiong/0000-0002-9151-9558 NR 24 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 33 BP 10700 EP 10701 DI 10.1021/ja0642360 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074CW UT WOS:000239791100033 PM 16910663 ER PT J AU Cheung, CL Chung, SW Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Hok, S Perkins, J De Yoreo, JJ AF Cheung, Chin Li Chung, Sung-Wook Chatterji, Anju Lin, Tianwei Johnson, John E. Hok, Saphon Perkins, Julie De Yoreo, James J. TI Physical controls on directed virus assembly at nanoscale chemical templates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; METAL CHELATE ADSORBENT; HIS-TAGGED PROTEINS; OLIGO(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; QUANTUM DOTS; MONOLAYERS; GOLD; NANOLITHOGRAPHY AB Viruses are attractive building blocks for nanoscale heterostructures, but little is understood about the physical principles governing their directed assembly. In situ force microscopy was used to investigate organization of Cowpea Mosaic Virus engineered to bind specifically and reversibly at nanoscale chemical templates with sub-30 nm features. Morphological evolution and assembly kinetics were measured as virus flux and inter-viral potential were varied. The resulting morphologies were similar to those of atomic-scale epitaxial systems, but the underlying thermodynamics was analogous to that of colloidal systems in confined geometries. The 1D templates biased the location of initial cluster formation, introduced asymmetric sticking probabilities, and drove 1D and 2D condensation at sub-critical volume fractions. The growth kinetics followed a t(1/2) law controlled by the slow diffusion of viruses. The ability of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to induce the lateral expansion of virus clusters away from the 1D templates suggests a significant role for weak interactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Chung, SW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM chung20@llnl.gov; deyoreo1@llnl.gov RI Chung, Sungwook/H-6248-2012; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013 NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 33 BP 10801 EP 10807 DI 10.1021/ja0616884 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 074CW UT WOS:000239791100045 PM 16910675 ER PT J AU Thornberg, SM Bernstein, R Mowery, DM Klamo, SB Hochrein, JM Brown, JR Derzon, DK Clough, RL AF Thornberg, Steven M. Bernstein, Robert Mowery, Daniel M. Klamo, Sara B. Hochrein, James M. Brown, Jason R. Derzon, Dora K. Clough, Roger L. TI Insights into oxidation pathways, from gaseous products of polypropylene with selective isotopic labeling SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; POLYMER REACTIONS; THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION; ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; INITIATED OXIDATIONS; SOLID-STATE; POLYOLEFINS; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; HYDROPEROXIDES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Labs Chem Synth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Clough, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Bernstein, Robert/F-8396-2013 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 17 BP 5592 EP 5594 DI 10.1021/ma060945m PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 073QT UT WOS:000239758400003 ER PT J AU Xu, SJ Yashchuk, VV Donaldson, MH Rochester, SM Budker, D Pines, A AF Xu, Shoujun Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Donaldson, Marcus H. Rochester, Simon M. Budker, Dmitry Pines, Alexander TI Magnetic resonance imaging with an optical atomic magnetometer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE low field; remote detection ID REMOTE-DETECTION; NMR; MRI; FIELDS; GAS AB We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent of the strength of the static magnetic field, extending the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging to low magnetic fields and eliminating imaging artifacts associated with high fields. By coupling with a remote-detection scheme, thereby improving the filling factor of the sample, we obtained time-resolved flow images of water with a temporal resolution of 0.1 s and spatial resolutions of 1.6 mm perpendicular to the flow and 4.5 mm along the flow. Potentially inexpensive, compact, and mobile, our technique provides a viable alternative for MRI detection with substantially enhanced sensitivity and time resolution for various situations where traditional MRI is not optimal. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pines@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 18 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 34 BP 12668 EP 12671 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605396103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077NI UT WOS:000240035900006 PM 16885210 ER PT J AU Zigmantas, D Read, EL Mancal, T Brixner, T Gardiner, AT Cogdell, RJ Fleming, GR AF Zigmantas, Donatas Read, Elizabeth L. Mancal, Tomas Brixner, Tobias Gardiner, Alastair T. Cogdell, Richard J. Fleming, Graham R. TI Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the B800-B820 light-harvesting complex SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE photosynthetic complexes; excitons; multichromophoric systems; ultrafast spectroscopy ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC PURPLE BACTERIA; EXCITATION-ENERGY TRANSFER; ECHO PEAK SHIFT; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSFER DYNAMICS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ANTENNA SYSTEM; LH2; ACIDOPHILA; COUPLINGS AB Emerging nonlinear optical spectroscopies enable deeper insight into the intricate world of interactions and dynamics of complex molecular systems. 2D electronic spectroscopy appears to be especially well suited for studying multichromophoric complexes such as light-harvesting complexes of photosynthetic organisms as it allows direct observation of couplings between the pigments and charts dynamics of energy flow on a 2D frequency map. Here, we demonstrate that a single 2D experiment combined with self-consistent theoretical modeling can determine spectroscopic parameters dictating excitation energy dynamics in the bacterial B800-B820 light-harvesting complex, which contains 27 bacteriochlorophyll molecules. Ultrafast sub-50-fs dynamics dominated by coherent intraband processes and population transfer dynamics on a picosecond time scale were measured and modeled with one consistent set of parameters. Theoretical 2D spectra were calculated by using a Frenkel exciton model and modified Forster/Redfield theory for the calculation of dynamics. They match the main features of experimental spectra at all population times well, implying that the energy level structure and transition dipole strengths are modeled correctly in addition to the energy transfer dynamics of the system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM grfleming@lbl.gov RI Mancal, Tomas/B-9688-2014; Zigmantas, Donatas/E-5541-2014; Brixner, Tobias/S-1451-2016 OI Mancal, Tomas/0000-0003-1736-3054; Zigmantas, Donatas/0000-0003-2007-5256; Brixner, Tobias/0000-0002-6529-704X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D000610/1] NR 33 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 44 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 34 BP 12672 EP 12677 DI 10.1073/pnas.0602961103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077NI UT WOS:000240035900007 PM 16912117 ER PT J AU Gundogdu, TF Tsiapa, I Kostopoulos, A Konstantinidis, G Katsarakis, N Penciu, RS Kafesaki, M Economou, EN Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Gundogdu, T. F. Tsiapa, I. Kostopoulos, A. Konstantinidis, G. Katsarakis, N. Penciu, R. S. Kafesaki, M. Economou, E. N. Koschny, Th. Soukoulis, C. M. TI Experimental demonstration of negative magnetic permeability in the far-infrared frequency regime SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; METAMATERIALS; TRANSMISSION AB Using transmission and reflection measurements in a five layer micrometer-scale split-ring resonator (SRR) system, fabricated by a photolithography procedure, the authors demonstrate the occurrence of a negative magnetic permeability regime in that system at similar to 6 THz. The transmission and reflection were measured using oblique incidence, resulting to a magnetic field component perpendicular to the SRR plane, which excites the resonant circular currents constituting the magnetic resonance. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. FORTH, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Inst Educ Technol, Sch Appl Technol, Dept Sci, Iraklion 71004, Crete, Greece. RP Gundogdu, TF (reprint author), FORTH, IESL, POB 1527, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. EM katsan@iesl.forth.gr RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Konstantinidis, George/A-1719-2014 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Konstantinidis, George/0000-0002-1072-9618 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 084103 DI 10.1063/1.2335955 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400121 ER PT J AU Li, J Choi, KK Klem, JF Reno, JL Tsui, DC AF Li, J. Choi, K. K. Klem, J. F. Reno, J. L. Tsui, D. C. TI High gain, broadband InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well infrared photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-WAVELENGTH; HIGH RESPONSIVITY; PERFORMANCE; BARRIER AB The authors design and demonstrate an InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well infrared photodetector for high-speed infrared detection. The InGaAsP is selected as the barrier material to provide a large photoconductive gain, and the well is made of InGaAs/InP superlattice to achieve a broadband absorption. These features are expected to increase the photocurrent of the detector under a broadband source. For quantitative comparison, we also fabricate a quantum well GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice detector with a similar spectrum. Dark current noise measurement indicates that the gain of the InGaAs/InGaAsP detector is 4.6 times larger than that of the reference detector, thus confirming the present design concept. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jinjinli@princeton.edu RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 081128 DI 10.1063/1.2338803 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400028 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Divan, R Mancini, DC Rosenberg, RA Quintana, JP Keane, DT AF Ma, Qing Divan, R. Mancini, D. C. Rosenberg, R. A. Quintana, J. P. Keane, D. T. TI X-ray induced, substrate-carrier mediated deposition of metal on GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON; NANOPARTICLES AB A wet metal deposition process on GaAs surfaces is described. The process is induced by high energy x-ray photons and is mediated by photon-generated carriers through the photoelectrochemical mechanism similar to that for light-induced wet etching. The micrometer to submicrometer feature fabrication using this process is demonstrated. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, DND CAT, Synchrotron Res Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, DND CAT, Synchrotron Res Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM q-ma@northwesturn.edu RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 083114 DI 10.1063/1.2336592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400095 ER PT J AU Naser, B Ferry, DK Heeren, J Reno, JL Bird, JP AF Naser, B. Ferry, D. K. Heeren, J. Reno, J. L. Bird, J. P. TI Large capacitance in the nanosecond-scale transient response of quantum point contacts SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; CONDUCTANCE; ADMITTANCE; ALGAAS/GAAS AB The transient electrical response of split-gate quantum point contacts (QPCs) is investigated using ultrashort voltage pulses with rise times as small as 2 ns. Our measurements reveal a large (similar to 1 nF) parallel capacitance under conditions where the QPC is formed. The capacitance is independent of the QPC gate geometry, and the amplitude and rise time of the applied transient pulse. Some speculations on the source of this capacitance are offered. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Gen Dynam C4 Syst, Scottsdale, AZ 85257 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14216 USA. RP Bird, JP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jbird@buffalo.edu RI Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010 OI Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 083103 DI 10.1063/1.2337865 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400084 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Hodge, AM Bythrow, PM Barbee, TW Hamza, AV AF Wang, Y. M. Hodge, A. M. Bythrow, P. M. Barbee, T. W., Jr. Hamza, A. V. TI Negative strain rate sensitivity in ultrahigh-strength nanocrystalline tantalum SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE GRAIN SIZES; ACTIVATION VOLUME; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; COPPER; BETA AB Nanocrystalline tantalum prepared through direct current magnetron sputtering exhibits a negative strain rate sensitivity behavior under nanoindentation; i.e., the hardness value of nanocrystalline tantalum decreases with increasing indentation loading rates. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals a beta- to alpha-phase transformation underneath the indents, suggesting that the pseudohexagonal to body-centered cubic structural transformation in nanocrystalline tantalum is likely pressure induced. Evidence of shear banding was documented along the edge of indents, consistent with the negative strain rate sensitivity observed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 081903 DI 10.1063/1.2338006 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400035 ER PT J AU White, RE Carlson, CN Veauthier, JM Simpson, CK Thompson, JD Scott, BL Hanusa, TP John, KD AF White, Rosemary E. Carlson, Christin N. Veauthier, Jacqueline M. Simpson, Cheslan K. Thompson, J. D. Scott, Brian L. Hanusa, Timothy P. John, Kevin D. TI Observation of internal electron transfer in bulky allyl ytterbium complexes with substituted terpyridine ligands SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL CATIONS; LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; YTTERBOCENE; POLYMERIZATION; HALIDES; STATE AB A series of new bulky allyl terpyridyl-ytterbium complexes have been synthesized to determine the effect of allyl ligands on the internal charge-transfer process that exists in these materials. Compared to the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-ytterbocene compound Cp*Yb-2(tpyCN) (nu(C N) = 2172 cm(-1)), the symmetrically substituted allyl complex [1,3-(SiMe3)(2)C3H3](2)Yb(tpyCN) possesses a markedly lowered C N frequency of 2130 cm(-1). Furthermore, the electronic nature of these bulky allyl complexes can be tuned, as demonstrated by the C N frequency of the asymmetric derivatives [1-(SiMe3)C3H4]2Yb(tpyCN) and [1-(SiPh3)-3-(SiMe3)C3H3](2)Yb(tpyCN) (2171 and 2164 cm(-1), respectively). The differences in these frequencies can be attributed to differences in the ligands' steric and electronic character. Single-crystal X-ray characterization of [1,3-(SiMe3)(2)C3H3](2)Yb(tpy) reveals that the allyl moiety possesses shorter Yb-C and Yb-N bond distances than the Cp* analogue. The magnetic susceptibility data for [1,3-(SiMe3)(2)C3H3](2)Yb(tpy) departs dramatically from the Curie law, with a room-temperature magnetic moment of 2.95 mu(B). C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanusa, TP (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Box 1583, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM t.hanusa@vanderbilt.edu; kjohn@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Veauthier, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2206-7786; John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 17 BP 7004 EP 7009 DI 10.1021/ic060603x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 073DP UT WOS:000239723300063 PM 16903760 ER PT J AU Beste, A Harrison, RJ Yanai, T AF Beste, A. Harrison, R. J. Yanai, T. TI Direct computation of general chemical energy differences: Application to ionization potentials, excitation, and bond energies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-REMOVAL ENERGIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BINDING-ENERGIES; ORBITALS; EIGENVALUES; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS AB Chemists are mainly interested in energy differences. In contrast, most quantum chemical methods yield the total energy which is a large number compared to the difference and has therefore to be computed to a higher relative precision than would be necessary for the difference alone. Hence, it is desirable to compute energy differences directly, thereby avoiding the precision problem. Whenever it is possible to find a parameter which transforms smoothly from an initial to a final state, the energy difference can be obtained by integrating the energy derivative with respect to that parameter (cf. thermodynamic integration or adiabatic connection methods). If the dependence on the parameter is predominantly linear, accurate results can be obtained by single-point integration. In density functional theory and Hartree-Fock, we applied the formalism to ionization potentials, excitation energies, and chemical bond breaking. Example calculations for ionization potentials and excitation energies showed that accurate results could be obtained with a linear estimate. For breaking bonds, we introduce a nongeometrical parameter which gradually turns the interaction between two fragments of a molecule on. The interaction changes the potentials used to determine the orbitals as well as the constraint on the orbitals to be orthogonal. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Beste, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bestea@ornl.gov OI Beste, Ariana/0000-0001-9132-792X NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 7 AR 074101 DI 10.1063/1.2244559 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 075VX UT WOS:000239914800001 PM 16942316 ER PT J AU Kammrath, A Verlet, JRR Griffin, GB Neumark, DM AF Kammrath, Aster Verlet, Jan R. R. Griffin, Graham B. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of large (water)(n)(-) (n=50-200) clusters at 4.7 eV SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID HYDRATED ELECTRON; WATER CLUSTERS; SOLVATED ELECTRON; EXCESS ELECTRONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DYNAMICS; ANIONS; SURFACE; STATES; BULK C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Verlet, Jan/G-5940-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Verlet, Jan/0000-0002-9480-432X NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 7 AR 076101 DI 10.1063/1.2217745 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 075VX UT WOS:000239914800066 PM 16942381 ER PT J AU Steele, RP DiStasio, RA Shao, Y Kong, J Head-Gordon, M AF Steele, Ryan P. DiStasio, Robert A., Jr. Shao, Yihan Kong, Jing Head-Gordon, Martin TI Dual-basis second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory: A reduced-cost reference for correlation calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; LINEAR SCALING COMPUTATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; HARTREE-FOCK EQUATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD AB The resolution-of-the-identity (RI) approximation has placed the onus of the cost of a second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2) calculation on the underlying self-consistent field (SCF) calculation for many moderately sized molecules. A dual-basis approach to the SCF calculation, based on previous methods demonstrated for density functional theory, is combined with RI-MP2 calculations, and small basis subsets for cc-pVTZ, cc-pVQZ, and 6-311++G(3df,3pd) are presented. These subsets provide time savings of greater than 90%, with negligible errors in absolute and relative energies, compared to the associated full-basis counterpart. The method is tested with a series of rotational barriers, relative conformational energies of alanine tetrapeptides, as well as the full G3/99 molecular set. RI-MP2 calculations on alanine octapeptides (40 heavy atoms, 3460 basis functions), using cc-pVQZ, are presented. Results improve upon previous methods that diagonalize the virtual space separately. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Steele, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ofer4@bastille.cchem.berkeley.edu; mhg@bastille.cchem.berkeley.edu NR 77 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 7 AR 074108 DI 10.1063/1.2234371 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 075VX UT WOS:000239914800008 PM 16942323 ER PT J AU Subotnik, JE Sodt, A Head-Gordon, M AF Subotnik, Joseph E. Sodt, Alex Head-Gordon, Martin TI A near linear-scaling smooth local coupled cluster algorithm for electronic structure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; DENSITY FITTING APPROXIMATIONS; ANALYTICAL ENERGY GRADIENTS; TRIPLES CORRECTION T; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; CONFORMATIONAL ENERGIES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; MOLECULES MODEL; REPRESENTATION; MP2 AB We demonstrate near linear scaling of a new algorithm for computing smooth local coupled-cluster singles-doubles (LCCSD) correlation energies of quantum mechanical systems. The theory behind our approach has been described previously, [J. Subotnik and M. Head-Gordon, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 064108 (2005)], and requires appropriately multiplying standard iterative amplitude equations by a bump function, creating local amplitude equations (which are smooth according to the implicit function theorem). Here, we provide an example that this theory works in practice: we show that our algorithm leads to smooth potential energy surfaces and yields large computational savings. As an example, we apply our LCCSD approach to measure the post-MP2 correction to the energetic gap between two different alanine tetrapeptide conformations. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Subotnik, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM subotnik@post.harvard.edu; alexsodt@berkeley.edu; mhg@chem.berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 7 AR 074116 DI 10.1063/1.2336426 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 075VX UT WOS:000239914800016 PM 16942331 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K AF Fukushima, Kenji TI Deriving the Jalilian-Marian-Iancu-McLerran-Weigert-Leonidov-Kovner equation with classical and quantum source terms SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; LARGE NUCLEI; HIGH-ENERGY; EVOLUTION; QCD; MOMENTUM; FIELD AB We discuss the high-energy evolution equation in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the framework of the color glass condensate. We rewrite the generating functional of QCD with the color glass condensate into a representation with the density of states and a simple eikonal coupling. In this representation we introduce an auxiliary variable which is identified as the quantum color charge density consistent with non-commutativity in the operator formalism. We revisit the derivation of the Jalilian-Marian-lancu-McLerranWeigert-Leonidov-Kovner (JIMWLK) equation to clarify how the non-commutative nature among the color charge density operators can be disregarded in the regime where the gluon density is high. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukushima, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fuku@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 775 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.002 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 076RN UT WOS:000239975500005 ER PT J AU Poyneer, LA Macintosh, BA AF Poyneer, Lisa A. Macintosh, Bruce A. TI Optimal Fourier control performance and speckle behavior in high-contrast imaging with adaptive optics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM; SYSTEMS AB High-contrast imaging with adaptive optics (AO) for planet detection requires a sophisticated AO control system to provide the best possible performance. We evaluate the performance improvements in terms of residual error and point-spread function intensity provided by optimal Fourier control using detailed end-to-end simulation. Intensity, however, is not the final measure of system performance. We explore image contrast through analysis and simulation results, showing that speckles caused by atmospheric errors behave very differently in a temporal fashion from speckles caused by wavefront sensor noise errors. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov; macintosh1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 17 BP 7499 EP 7514 DI 10.1364/OE.14.007499 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 079GO UT WOS:000240164100005 PM 19529117 ER PT J AU Napolitano, RE Morris, JR AF Napolitano, RE Morris, JR TI Special issue: Frontiers in solidification science - Preface SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Napolitano, RE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 24 BP 3647 EP 3649 DI 10.1080/14786430600752992 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WI UT WOS:000238119600001 ER PT J AU Hoyt, JJ Asta, M Sun, DY AF Hoyt, JJ Asta, M Sun, DY TI Molecular dynamics simulations of the crystal-melt interfacial free energy and mobility in Mo and V SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Solidification Science CY FEB 14-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Div Mat Sci & Engn, Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; PHASE SELECTION; SURFACE-TENSION; CU ALLOY; ANISOTROPY; METALS AB Molecular dynamics simulations, based on embedded-atom method potentials, have been used to compute thermodynamic and kinetic properties of crystal-melt interfaces in the bcc metals Mo and V. The interfacial free energy and its associated crystalline anisotropy have been obtained with the capillary fluctuation method and for both metals the anisotropy and the value of the Turnbull coefficient are found to be significantly lower than for the case of fcc materials. The interface mobility, or kinetic coefficient, which relates the isothermal crystallization rate to interface undercooling, was computed by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Mobilities in the range 9-16 cm s(-1) K-1 are obtained. For Mo the mobility in the (110) crystallographic growth direction is larger than in the (100) and (111) directions, whereas for V the growth is found to be isotropic within numerical uncertainty. The kinetic-coefficient results are discussed within the framework of a density-functional-based theory of crystal growth. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Hoyt, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1411,POB 8500, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjhoyt@sandia.gov RI Sun, Deyan/D-5088-2012 OI Sun, Deyan/0000-0002-9728-8017 NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 24 BP 3651 EP 3664 DI 10.1080/14786430500156625 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WI UT WOS:000238119600002 ER PT J AU Liu, S Li, J Lee, J Trivedi, R AF Liu, S Li, J Lee, J Trivedi, R TI Spatio-temporal microstructure evolution in directional solidification processes SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Solidification Science CY FEB 14-15, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Div Mat Sci & Engn, Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE ID SUCCINONITRILE-ACETONE ALLOYS; AL-CU ALLOY; DENDRITIC GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PB-SN; CONVECTION; LIQUID; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB Experimental studies in Al-4.0wt% Cu alloys were conducted in samples of different sizes in which the effect of convection increases with increasing sample diameter. Detailed measurements of dendrite tip radii and the primary arm spacing have been carried out under both diffusive and convective growth conditions. The experimental results on tip radius and primary spacing show a good agreement with the microsolvability theory and Hunt-Lu model, respectively, for diffusive growth processes. In larger samples where convection effects are present, an inhomogeneous microstructure develops. A localized growth model is proposed to explain the spatio-temporal microstructure formation under convective growth conditions. The key parameter in this model is the effective diffusion coefficient which increases with the sample diameter and plays the decisive role in selecting the length scales of the solidification microstructures under convective growth conditions. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Kyungnam, South Korea. RP Liu, S (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM shanliu@ameslab.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 24 BP 3717 EP 3738 DI 10.1080/09500830500504036 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WI UT WOS:000238119600006 ER PT J AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, Jinyi Huesman, Ronald H. TI Penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for lesion detection SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN OBSERVER; MAP RECONSTRUCTION; EM ALGORITHM; NOISE PROPERTIES; SPECT; PET; DETECTABILITY; VARIANCE AB Detecting cancerous lesions is one major application in emission tomography. In this paper, we study penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for this important clinical task. Compared to analytical reconstruction methods, statistical approaches can improve the image quality by accurately modelling the photon detection process and measurement noise in imaging systems. To explore the full potential of penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for lesion detection, we derived simplified theoretical expressions that allow fast evaluation of the detectability of a random lesion. The theoretical results are used to design the regularization parameters to improve lesion detectability. We conducted computer-based Monte Carlo simulations to compare the proposed penalty function, conventional penalty function, and a penalty function for isotropic point spread function. The lesion detectability is measured by a channelized Hotelling observer. The results show that the proposed penalty function outperforms the other penalty functions for lesion detection. The relative improvement is dependent on the size of the lesion. However, we found that the penalty function optimized for a 5 mm lesion still outperforms the other two penalty functions for detecting a 14 mm lesion. Therefore, it is feasible to use the penalty function designed for small lesions in image reconstruction, because detection of large lesions is relatively easy. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM qi@ucdavis.edu; rhhuesman@lbl.gov RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000194-03, R01 EB000194-01A1, R01 EB000194, R01 EB000194-02] NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 16 BP 4017 EP 4029 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/51/16/009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 078CP UT WOS:000240079100010 PM 16885621 ER PT J AU Hoops, AA Reichardt, TA AF Hoops, Alexandra A. Reichardt, Thomas A. TI Pulsed laser photofragment emission for detection of mercuric chloride SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE RADIATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS; GAS-PHASE; EXCITATION; HGBR2; HGCL2; COLLISIONS AB The viability of pulsed laser photofragment emission (PFE) is evaluated for the in situ measurement of vapor-phase mercuric chloride (HgCl2) concentration in combustion flue gas. Dispersed emissions from both the Hg (6 P-3(1)) and HgCl (B-2 Sigma(+)) photoproducts are presented, and the dependence of the HgCl2 PFE signal originating from Hg (6 P-3(1)) on the collisional environment is examined for buffer-gas mixtures of N2O2, and CO2. Integrated PFE intensity measurements as a function of buffer gas pressure support the assumption that the primary effect of the relevant flue gas constituents is to quench emission from Hg (6 P-3(1)). The quenching rate constants for PFE from HgCl2 were measured to be 1.37 (+/- 0.16)x10(5) Torr(-1) s(-1) for N-2, 9.35 (+/- 0.25)x10(6) Torr(-1) s-(1) for O-2, and 1.49 (+/- 0.29)x10(6) Torr(-1) s(-1) for CO2. These values are in good accord with literature values for the quenching of Hg (6 P-3(1)). The emission cross section for Hg (6 P-3(1)) generated by photodissociation of HgCl2 in 760 Torr N-2 is found to be 1.0 (+/- 0.2)x10(-25) m(2) by comparing the PFE signal to N-2 Raman scattering. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Sensing & Energet Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoops, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Sensing & Energet Mat Dept, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tareich@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 24 BP 6180 EP 6186 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006180 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 075CG UT WOS:000239859400019 PM 16892121 ER PT J AU Pal, G Basu, S Mitra, K Vo-Dinh, T AF Pal, Gopalendu Basu, Soumyadipta Mitra, Kunal Vo-Dinh, Tuan TI Time-resolved optical tomography using short-pulse laser for tumor detection SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSIENT RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; NORMAL HUMAN-BREAST; SCATTERING MEDIA; TURBID MEDIA; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; LUNG TISSUES; LIGHT; RECONSTRUCTION; ABSORPTION AB Our objective is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of the short-pulse laser interaction with a tissue medium with the goal of tumor-cancer diagnostics. For a short-pulse laser source, the shape of the output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium, and hence the scattered temporal optical signal helps in understanding the medium characteristics. Initially experiments are performed on tissue phantoms embedded with inhomogeneities to optimize the time-resolved optical detection scheme. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected and transmitted optical signals are compared with the numerical modeling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete. ordinates technique. Next experiments are performed on in vitro rat tissue samples to characterize the interaction of light with skin layers and to validate the time-varying optical signatures with the numerical model. The numerical modeling results and the experimental measurements are in excellent agreement for the different parameters studied. The final step is to perform in vivo imaging of anesthetized rats with tumor-promoting agents injected inside skin tissues and of an anesthetized mouse with mammary tumors to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique for detecting tumors in an animal model. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pal, G (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM kmitra@fit.edu; vodinht@ornl.gov RI Basu, Soumyadipta/F-2595-2011; Mitra, Kunal/C-6560-2016 OI Mitra, Kunal/0000-0002-7277-4908 FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R01 CA88787-01] NR 67 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 24 BP 6270 EP 6282 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006270 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 075CG UT WOS:000239859400031 PM 16892133 ER PT J AU Sinclair, MB Haaland, DM Timlin, JA Jones, HDT AF Sinclair, Michael B. Haaland, David M. Timlin, Jerilyn A. Jones, Howland D. T. TI Hyperspectral confocal microscope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGES; RESOLUTION; NOISE; TOOL AB We have developed a new, high performance, hyperspectral microscope for biological and other applications. For each voxel within a three-dimensional specimen, the microscope simultaneously records the emission spectrum from 500 mn to 800 nm, with better than 3 nm spectral resolution. The microscope features a fully confocal design to ensure high spatial resolution and high quality optical sectioning. Optical throughput and detection efficiency are maximized through the use of a custom prism spectrometer and a backside thinned electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) array. A custom readout mode and synchronization scheme enable 512-point spectra to be recorded at a rate of 8300 spectra per second. In addition, the EMCCD readout mode eliminates curvature and keystone artifacts that often plague spectral imaging systems. The architecture of the new microscope is described in detail, and hyperspectral images from several specimens are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1824, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sinclair, MB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1824, Mail Stop 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbsincl@sandia.gov OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 25 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 24 BP 6283 EP 6291 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006283 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 075CG UT WOS:000239859400032 PM 16892134 ER PT J AU Tinker, JL Weinberg, DH Warren, MS AF Tinker, Jeremy L. Weinberg, David H. Warren, Michael S. TI Cosmic voids and galaxy bias in the halo occupation framework SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; POWER SPECTRUM; MASS FUNCTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GAUSSIAN FLUCTUATIONS AB We investigate the power of void statistics to constrain galaxy bias and the amplitude of dark matter fluctuations. We adopt a Lambda CDM cosmological scenario ( inflationary cold dark matter with a cosmological constant) and use the halo occupation distribution ( HOD) framework to describe the relation between galaxies and dark matter. After choosing HOD parameters that reproduce the mean space density (n) over bar (g) and projected correlation function w(p)(r(p)) measured for galaxy samples with M-r < -19 and -21 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we predict the void probability function (VPF) and underdensity probability function (UPF) of these samples by populating the halos of a large, high-resolution N-body simulation (400 h(-1) Mpc, 1280(3) particles). If we make the conventional simplifying assumption that the HOD is independent of large- scale environment at fixed halo mass, then models constrained to match (n) over bar (g) and w(p)(r(p)) predict nearly identical void statistics, independent of the scatter between halo mass and central galaxy luminosity or statistical uncertainties in HOD parameters. Models with power spectrum normalizations sigma(8) = 0.7 and 0.9 also predict very similar void statistics, with stronger galaxy bias compensating for weaker dark matter fluctuations in the low-sigma(8) model. However, the VPF and UPF are sensitive to environmental variations of the HOD in a regime where these variations have little impact on w(p)(r(p)). For example, doubling the minimum host halo mass in regions with large- scale ( 5 h(-1) Mpc) density contrast delta < -0.65 has a readily detectable impact on void probabilities of M-r < -19 galaxies, and a similar change for delta < -0.2 alters the void probabilities of M-r < -21 galaxies at a detectable level. The VPF and UPF provide complementary information about the onset and magnitude of density dependence in the HOD. By detecting or ruling out HOD changes in low-density regions, void statistics can reduce systematic uncertainties in the cosmological constraints derived from HOD modeling and, more importantly, reveal connections between halo formation history and galaxy properties. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tinker, JL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904 NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 737 EP 752 DI 10.1086/504795 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000002 ER PT J AU MacTavish, CJ Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP De Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G De Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G Di Stefano, G Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Jones, WC Kisner, TS Lange, AE Lewis, AM Masi, S Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, TE Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Santini, P Tegmark, M Veneziani, M Vittorio, N AF MacTavish, C. J. Ade, P. A. R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Boscaleri, A. Cabella, P. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. De Bernardis, P. De Gasperis, G. De Oliveira-Costa, A. De Troia, G. Di Stefano, G. Hivon, E. Jaffe, A. H. Jones, W. C. Kisner, T. S. Lange, A. E. Lewis, A. M. Masi, S. Mauskopf, P. D. Melchiorri, A. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C. B. Pascale, E. Piacentini, F. Pogosyan, D. Polenta, G. Prunet, S. Ricciardi, S. Romeo, G. Ruhl, J. E. Santini, P. Tegmark, M. Veneziani, M. Vittorio, N. TI Cosmological parameters from the 2003 flight of BOOMERANG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; polarization ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POLARIZATION; UNIVERSE; IMAGER; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present the cosmological parameters from the CMB intensity and polarization power spectra of the 2003 Antarctic flight of the BOOMERANG telescope. The BOOMERANG data alone constrain the parameters of the Lambda CDM model remarkably well and are consistent with constraints from a multiexperiment combined CMB data set. We add LSS data from the 2dF and SDSS redshift surveys to the combined CMB data set and test several extensions to the standard model including running of the spectral index, curvature, tensor modes, the effect of massive neutrinos, and an effective equation of state for dark energy. We also include an analysis of constraints to a model that allows a CDM isocurvature admixture. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP MacTavish, CJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Santini, Paola/0000-0002-9334-8705; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003 NR 65 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 799 EP 812 DI 10.1086/505558 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000007 ER PT J AU Montroy, TE Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP De Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G De Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G Di Stefano, G Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mauskopf, PD MacTavish, CJ Melchiorri, A Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Santini, P Tegmark, M Veneziani, M Vittorio, N AF Montroy, T. E. Ade, P. A. R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Boscaleri, A. Cabella, P. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. De Bernardis, P. De Gasperis, G. De Oliveira-Costa, A. De Troia, G. Di Stefano, G. Hivon, E. Jaffe, A. H. Kisner, T. S. Jones, W. C. Lange, A. E. Masi, S. Mauskopf, P. D. MacTavish, C. J. Melchiorri, A. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C. B. Pascale, E. Piacentini, F. Pogosyan, D. Polenta, G. Prunet, S. Ricciardi, S. Romeo, G. Ruhl, J. E. Santini, P. Tegmark, M. Veneziani, M. Vittorio, N. TI A measurement of the CMB {EE} spectrum from the 2003 flight of BOOMERANG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; instrumentation : detectors ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; FOREGROUNDS; ARCHEOPS AB We report measurements of the CMB polarization power spectra from the 2003 January Antarctic flight of BOOMERANG. The primary results come from 6 days of observation of a patch covering 0.22% of the sky centered near R.A. = 82.degrees 5, decl. = -45 degrees. The observations were made using four pairs of polarization- sensitive bolometers operating in bands centered at 145 GHz. Using two independent analysis pipelines, we measure a nonzero < EE > signal in the range 201 < l < 1000 with a significance of 4.8 alpha, a 2 alpha upper limit of 8.6 mu K-2 for any < BB > contribution, and a 2 sigma upper limit of 7.0 mu K-2 for the < EB > spectrum. Estimates of foreground intensity fluctuations and the nondetection of < BB > and < EB > signals rule out any significant contribution from Galactic foregrounds. The results are consistent with a Lambda CDM cosmology seeded by adiabatic perturbations. We note that this is the first detection of CMB polarization with bolometric detectors. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Computat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Theoret Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Montroy, TE (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012 OI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171 NR 48 TC 203 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1086/505560 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000008 ER PT J AU Jones, WC Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP De Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G De Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G Di Stefano, G Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Lange, AE MacTavish, CJ Masi, S Mauskopf, PD Melchiorri, A Montroy, TE Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Santini, P Tegmark, M Veneziani, M Vittorio, N AF Jones, W. C. Ade, P. A. R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Boscaleri, A. Cabella, P. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. De Bernardis, P. De Gasperis, G. De Oliveira-Costa, A. De Troia, G. Di Stefano, G. Hivon, E. Jaffe, A. H. Kisner, T. S. Lange, A. E. MacTavish, C. J. Masi, S. Mauskopf, P. D. Melchiorri, A. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C. B. Pascale, E. Piacentini, F. Pogosyan, D. Polenta, G. Prunet, S. Ricciardi, S. Romeo, G. Ruhl, J. E. Santini, P. Tegmark, M. Veneziani, M. Vittorio, N. TI A measurement of the angular power spectrum of the CMB temperature anisotropy from the 2003 flight of BOOMERANG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations; instrumentation : detectors ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; GALACTIC DUST EMISSION; MULTIPLE PEAKS; DATA SETS; POLARIZATION; MAPS; RECEIVER AB We report on observations of the cosmic microwave background ( CMB) obtained during the 2003 January flight of BOOMERANG. These results are derived from 195 hr of observation with four 145 GHz polarization- sensitive bolometer ( PSB) pairs, identical in design to the four 143 GHz Planck High Frequency Instrument ( HFI) polarized pixels. The data include 75 hr of observations distributed over 1.84% of the sky with an additional 120 hr concentrated on the central portion of the field, which represents 0.22% of the full sky. From these data we derive an estimate of the angular power spectrum of temperature fluctuations of the CMB in 24 bands over the multipole range 50 <= l <= 1500. A series of features, consistent with those expected from acoustic oscillations in the primordial photon-baryon fluid, are clearly evident in the power spectrum, as is the exponential damping of power on scales smaller than the photon mean free path at the epoch of last scattering (l greater than or similar to 900). As a consistency check, the collaboration has performed two fully independent analyses of the time-ordered data, which are found to be in excellent agreement. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Theoret Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Jones, WC (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, MS 59-33,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wcj@astro.caltech.edu RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; OI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Santini, Paola/0000-0002-9334-8705; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327 NR 45 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 823 EP 832 DI 10.1086/505559 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000009 ER PT J AU Piacentini, F Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP De Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G De Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G Di Stefano, G Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mauskopf, PD MacTavish, CJ Melchiorri, A Montroy, TE Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Santini, P Tegmark, M Veneziani, M Vittorio, N AF Piacentini, F. Ade, P. A. R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Boscaleri, A. Cabella, P. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. De Bernardis, P. De Gasperis, G. De Oliveira-Costa, A. De Troia, G. Di Stefano, G. Hivon, E. Jaffe, A. H. Kisner, T. S. Jones, W. C. Lange, A. E. Masi, S. Mauskopf, P. D. MacTavish, C. J. Melchiorri, A. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, P. Netterfield, C. B. Pascale, E. Pogosyan, D. Polenta, G. Prunet, S. Ricciardi, S. Romeo, G. Ruhl, J. E. Santini, P. Tegmark, M. Veneziani, M. Vittorio, N. TI A measurement of the polarization-temperature angular cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background from the 2003 flight of BOOMERANG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC DUST EMISSION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; ANISOTROPY; INFLATION; RADIATION; SKY AB We present a measurement of the polarization- temperature angular cross power spectra, < TE > and < TB >, of the cosmic microwave background. The result is based on similar to 200 hr of data from eight polarization- sensitive bolometers operating at 145 GHz during the 2003 flight of BOOMERANG. We detect a significant < TE > correlation in the l-range between 50 and 950 with a statistical significance of > 3.5 sigma. Contamination by polarized foreground emission and systematic effects are negligible in comparison with statistical uncertainties. The spectrum is consistent with previous detections and with the ``concordance model'' that assumes adiabatic initial conditions. This is the first measurement of polarization- temperature angular cross-power spectra using bolometric detectors. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Theoret Phys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75104 Paris, France. RP Piacentini, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Santini, Paola/0000-0002-9334-8705; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003 NR 39 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 833 EP 839 DI 10.1086/505557 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000010 ER PT J AU Willmer, CNA Faber, SM Koo, DC Weiner, BJ Newman, JA Coil, AL Connolly, AJ Conroy, C Cooper, MC Davis, M Finkbeiner, DP Gerke, BF Guhathakurta, P Harker, J Kaiser, N Kassin, S Konidaris, NP Lin, L Luppino, G Madgwick, DS Noeske, KG Phillips, AC Yan, R AF Willmer, C. N. A. Faber, S. M. Koo, D. C. Weiner, B. J. Newman, J. A. Coil, A. L. Connolly, A. J. Conroy, C. Cooper, M. C. Davis, M. Finkbeiner, D. P. Gerke, B. F. Guhathakurta, P. Harker, J. Kaiser, N. Kassin, S. Konidaris, N. P. Lin, L. Luppino, G. Madgwick, D. S. Noeske, K. G. Phillips, A. C. Yan, R. TI The deep evolutionary exploratory probe 2 galaxy redshift survey: The galaxy luminosity function to z similar to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function ID GROTH STRIP SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; KECK SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL TYPE; STELLAR MASS; FIELD; COLOR; TELESCOPE; DENSITY; RED AB The evolution of the B-band galaxy luminosity function is measured using a sample of more than 11,000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts from the DEEP2 Redshift Survey. The rest-frame M-B versus U-B color-magnitude diagram of DEEP2 galaxies shows that the color-magnitude bimodality seen in galaxies locally is still present at redshifts z > 1. Dividing the sample at the trough of this color bimodality into predominantly red and blue galaxies, we find that the luminosity function of each galaxy color type evolves differently. Blue counts tend to shift to brighter magnitudes at constant number density, while the red counts remain largely constant at a fixed absolute magnitude. Using Schechter functions with fixed faint- end slopes we find that M-B* for blue galaxies brightens by similar to 1.3 +/- 0.14 mag per unit redshift, with no significant evolution in number density. For red galaxies M-B* brightens somewhat less with redshift, while the formal value of phi* declines. When the population of blue galaxies is subdivided into two halves using the rest-frame color as the criterion, the measured evolution of both blue subpopulations is very similar. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Sect 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Willmer, CNA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cnaw@ucolick.org; faber@ucolick.org; koo@ucolick.org; bjw@ucolick.org; janewman@lbl.gov; acoil@astron.berkeley.edu; ajc@phyast.pitt.edu; cconroy@astron.berkeley.edu; cooper@astron.berkeley.edu; mdavis@astron.berkeley.edu; dfink@astro.princeton.edu; bgerke@astro.berkeley.edu; npk@ucolick.org; jharker@ucolick.org; kaiser@ifa.hawaii.edu; kai@ucolick.org; npk@ucolick.org; lihwai@ucolick.org; ger@ifa.hawaii.edu; kassin@ucolick.org; phillips@ucolick.org; renbin@astron.berkeley.edu NR 64 TC 261 Z9 261 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 853 EP 873 DI 10.1086/505455 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000012 ER PT J AU Croft, S Van Breugel, W De Vries, W Dopita, M Martin, C Morganti, R Neff, S Oosterloo, T Schiminovich, D Stanford, SA Van Gorkom, J AF Croft, Steve Van Breugel, Wil De Vries, Wim Dopita, Mike Martin, Chris Morganti, Raffaella Neff, Susan Oosterloo, Tom Schiminovich, David Stanford, S. A. Van Gorkom, Jacqueline TI Minkowski's Object: A starburst triggered by a radio jet, revisited SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : jets; galaxies : starburst; stars : formation ID INDUCED STAR-FORMATION; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; GALAXY-EVOLUTION-EXPLORER; CENTAURUS-A; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; DYNAMICAL MODELS; COOLING FLOWS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; 4C 41.17; EMISSION AB We present neutral hydrogen, ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared imaging, and optical spectroscopy, of Minkowski's Object (MO), a star-forming peculiar galaxy near NGC 541. The observations strengthen evidence that star formation in MO was triggered by the radio jet from NGC 541. Key new results are the discovery of a 4.9 X 10(8) M-circle dot double H I cloud straddling the radio jet downstream from MO, where the jet changes direction and decollimates; strong detections of MO, also showing double structure, in UV and H alpha; and numerous H II regions and associated clusters in MO. In UV, MO resembles the radio-aligned, rest-frame UV morphologies in many high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs), also thought to be caused by jet-induced star formation. MO's stellar population is dominated by a 7.5 Myr old, 1.9 X 10(7) M-circle dot instantaneous burst, with a current star formation rate of 0.52 M-circle dot yr(-1) (concentrated upstream from where the H I column density is high). This is unlike the jet-induced star formation in Centaurus A, where the jet interacts with preexisting cold gas; in MO, the H I may have cooled out of a warmer, clumpy intergalactic or interstellar medium as a result of jet interaction, followed by the collapse of the cooling clouds and subsequent star formation (consistent with numerical simulations). Since the radio source that triggered star formation in MO is much less luminous, and therefore more common than powerful HzRGs, and because the environment around MO is not particularly special in terms of abundant dense, cold gas, jet-induced star formation in the early universe might be even more prevalent than previously thought. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Croft, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM scroft@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014; OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986; Croft, Steve/0000-0003-4823-129X NR 63 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1040 EP 1055 DI 10.1086/505526 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000026 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Melia, F Petrosian, V Fatuzzo, M AF Liu, Siming Melia, Fulvio Petrosian, Vahe Fatuzzo, Marco TI Stochastic acceleration in the galactic center HESS source SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; black hole physics; Galaxy : center; gamma rays : theory; plasmas; turbulence ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; SOLAR-FLARES; SUBMILLIMETER EMISSION; POLARIZED MILLIMETER; ACCRETION FLOWS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CENTRAL PARSEC AB Stochastic acceleration of electrons interacting resonantly with a turbulent magnetic field in a small accretion torus appears to be the likely mechanism responsible for much of Sagittarius A*'s millimeter and shorter wavelength spectrum. The longer wavelength radiation is produced at larger radii by electrons either diffusing from smaller scales or accelerated in situ. An important prediction of this model is the ejection of a significant flux of relativistic protons from a magnetic-field-dominated acceleration site into the wind-shocked medium surrounding the black hole. Recently, several air Cerenkov telescopes, notably HESS, have detected TeV emission from the Galactic center, with characteristics hinting at a p-p-induced pion decay process for the gamma-ray emission. Given (1) the size of this acceleration region measured in the radio band and (2) the wind-injected ISM mapped with Chandra using the diffuse X-rays, it is feasible to test the idea that protons accelerated within similar to 20 Schwarzschild radii of the black hole produce the TeV emission farther out. We show a fraction of TeV protons scattering about once within similar to 3 pc of Sagittarius A* and the proton power (similar to 10(37) ergs s(-1)) produced in concert with the 7mm radio emission matches the TeV luminosity well. This model explains why the TeV source does not vary on a timescale of a year or less. The particle cascade generated by the p-p scatterings also produces bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton, and synchrotron emission at longer wavelengths from secondary particles. We compare these with current measurements and demonstrate that GLAST will detect this source during its one-year all-sky survey. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Xavier Univ, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45207 USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM liusm@lanl.edu; melia@physics.arizona.edu; vahe@astronomy.stanford.edu RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011 NR 66 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1099 EP 1105 DI 10.1086/505171 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000031 ER PT J AU Mizuta, A Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Takabe, H AF Mizuta, Akira Kane, Jave O. Pound, Marc W. Remington, Bruce A. Ryutov, Dmitri D. Takabe, Hideaki TI Formation of pillars at the boundaries between HII regions and molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; hydrodynamics; instabilities; ISM : individual (M16); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; methods : numerical ID IONIZATION FRONTS; HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; COMETARY GLOBULES; STAR-FORMATION; NEBULA; M16; PHOTOEVAPORATION; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; JETS AB We investigate numerically the hydrodynamic instability of an ionization front ( IF) accelerating into a molecular cloud, with imposed initial perturbations of different amplitudes. When the initial amplitude is small, the imposed perturbation is completely stabilized and does not grow. When the initial perturbation amplitude is large enough, roughly, the ratio of the initial amplitude to wavelength is greater than 0.02, portions of the IF temporarily separate from the molecular cloud surface, locally decreasing the ablation pressure. This causes the appearance of a large, warm H I region and triggers nonlinear dynamics of the IF. The local difference of the ablation pressure and acceleration enhances the appearance and growth of a multimode perturbation. The stabilization usually seen at the IF in the linear regime does not work due to the mismatch of the modes of the perturbations at the cloud surface and of the density in the H II region above the cloud surface. Molecular pillars are observed in the late stages of the large amplitude perturbation case. The velocity gradient in the pillars is in reasonably good agreement with that observed in the Eagle Nebula. The initial perturbation is imposed in three different ways: in density, in incident photon number flux, and in the surface shape. All cases show both stabilization for a small initial perturbation and large growth of the second harmonic by increasing amplitude of the initial perturbation above a critical value. C1 Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Mizuta, A (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Oiwake Cho Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM mizuta@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.1086/505458 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000036 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Rockefeller, G Young, PA AF Fryer, Christopher L. Rockefeller, Gabriel Young, Patrick A. TI The environments around long-duration gamma-ray burst progenitors SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; black hole physics; gamma rays : bursts; stars : neutron ID LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES; WIND-BLOWN BUBBLES; MASSIVE STARS; BLACK-HOLE; CIRCUMSTELLAR MEDIUM; RELATIVISTIC JETS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; SUPERNOVA; AFTERGLOWS; MODELS AB Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations have allowed us to significantly constrain the engines producing these energetic explosions. The redshift and position information provided by these afterglows have already allowed us to limit the progenitors of GRBs to only a few models. The afterglows may also provide another observation that can place further constraints on the GRB progenitor: measurements telling us about the environments surrounding GRBs. Current analyses of GRB afterglows suggest that roughly half of long-duration gamma-ray bursts occur in surroundings with density profiles that are uniform. We study the constraints placed by this observation on both the classic "collapsar'' massive star progenitor and its relative, the "helium-merger'' progenitor. We study several aspects of wind mass loss and find that our modifications to the standard Wolf-Rayet mass-loss paradigm are not sufficient to produce constant density profiles. Although this does not rule out the standard "collapsar'' progenitor, it does suggest a deficiency with this model. We then focus on the He-merger models and find that such progenitors can fit this particular constraint well. We show how detailed observations could not only determine the correct progenitor for GRBs but also allow us to study binary evolution physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010 OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1269 EP 1285 DI 10.1086/505590 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000045 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Vestrand, WT Kennea, JA Zane, S Cropper, M Cordova, FA AF McGowan, K. E. Vestrand, W. T. Kennea, J. A. Zane, S. Cropper, M. Cordova, F. A. TI Probing the pulsar wind nebula of PSR B0355+54 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR B0355+54); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; RAY-EMISSION; XMM-NEWTON; STARS AB We present XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray observations of the middle-aged radio pulsar PSR B0355+54. Our X-ray observations reveal emission not only from the pulsar itself, but also from a compact diffuse component extending similar to 50" in the opposite direction to the pulsar's proper motion. There is also evidence for the presence of fainter diffuse emission extending similar to 5' from the point source. The compact diffuse feature is well fitted with a power law, the index of which is consistent with the values found for other pulsar wind nebulae. The morphology of the diffuse component is similar to the ram-pressure-confined pulsar wind nebulae detected for other sources. The X-ray emission from the pulsar itself is well described by a thermal plus power-law fit, with the thermal emission most likely originating in a hot polar cap. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Chancellors Off, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP 1300 EP 1308 DI 10.1086/505522 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RR UT WOS:000239830000048 ER PT J AU Belokurov, V Zucker, DB Evans, NW Wilkinson, MI Irwin, MJ Hodgkin, S Bramich, DM Irwin, JM Gilmore, G Willman, B Vidrih, S Newberg, HJ Wyse, RFG Fellhauer, M Hewett, PC Cole, N Bell, EF Beers, TC Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Grebel, EK Schneider, DP Lupton, R Barentine, JC Brewington, H Brinkmann, J Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Smith, JA Snedden, SA AF Belokurov, V. Zucker, D. B. Evans, N. W. Wilkinson, M. I. Irwin, M. J. Hodgkin, S. Bramich, D. M. Irwin, J. M. Gilmore, G. Willman, B. Vidrih, S. Newberg, H. J. Wyse, R. F. G. Fellhauer, M. Hewett, P. C. Cole, N. Bell, E. F. Beers, T. C. Rockosi, C. M. Yanny, B. Grebel, E. K. Schneider, D. P. Lupton, R. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, H. Brinkmann, J. Harvanek, M. Kleinman, S. J. Krzesinski, J. Long, D. Nitta, A. Smith, J. A. Snedden, S. A. TI A faint new milky way satellite in Bootes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Bootes); Local Group ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; DATA RELEASE; URSA-MAJOR; SYSTEM; HALO AB We announce the discovery of a new satellite of the Milky Way in the constellation of Bootes at a distance of similar to 60 kpc. It was found in a systematic search for stellar overdensities in the north Galactic cap using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. The color-magnitude diagram shows a well-defined turnoff, red giant branch, and extended horizontal branch. Its absolute magnitude is M-V similar to -5.8 mag, which makes it one of the faintest galaxies known. The half-light radius is similar to 220 pc. The isodensity contours are elongated and have an irregular shape, suggesting that Boo may be a disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Kracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Belokurov, V (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM vasily@ast.cam.ac.uk; zucker@ast.cam.ac.uk; nwe@ast.cam.ac.uk OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 29 TC 257 Z9 257 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 647 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/507324 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 074RV UT WOS:000239830400007 ER EF