FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hu, SY Baskes, MI Stan, M Chen, LQ AF Hu, S. Y. Baskes, M. I. Stan, M. Chen, L. Q. TI Atomistic calculations of interfacial energies, nucleus shape and size of theta ' precipitates in Al-Cu alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; theta ' precipitate; interfacial energy; nucleation; aluminum alloys ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; GP ZONES; METALS; EQUILIBRIUM; IMPURITIES; COPPER; PHASE AB theta' (Al2Cu) is one of the primary strengthening precipitates in Al-Cu alloys. Although the precipitation sequence of various metastable phases in Al-Cu a alloys is well known, fundamental information such as the shape and critical size of a homogeneous theta' nucleus is not available. In this work, we developed modified embedded-atom method potentials for Al-Cu alloys. The interfacial energies between a theta' precipitate and the At matrix along experimentally observed orientations were calculated and compared with prior first-principles calculations. The critical sizes and nucleation barriers were obtained through both the classic theory for homogeneous nucleation and atomistic calculations. The results demonstrate that a plate-shaped nucleus with a semicoherent match between three face-centered cubic Al units and two theta' units along the edge of the plate is energetically favored. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hu, SY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM syhu@lanl.gov RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4699 EP 4707 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.010 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900007 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Prasad, SV Dugger, MT Kotula, PG Goeke, RS Grubbs, RK AF Scharf, T. W. Prasad, S. V. Dugger, M. T. Kotula, P. G. Goeke, R. S. Grubbs, R. K. TI Growth, structure, and tribological behavior of atomic layer-deposited tungsten disulphide solid lubricant coatings with applications to MEMS SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE atomic layer deposition (ALD); crystal growth; high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM); internal friction; wear ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NEAR-INTERFACE STRUCTURE; MOS2 THIN-FILMS; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; WEAR; ORIENTATION; MECHANISMS; EPITAXY AB This paper describes the synthesis, structure, and tribological behavior of nanocomposite tungsten disulphide (WS(2)) solid lubricant films grown by atomic layer deposition. A new catalytic route, incorporating a diethyl zinc catalyst, was established to promote the adsorption and growth of WS(2). The films were grown down to 8 nm in thickness by sequential exposures of WF(6) and H(2)S gases in a viscous flow reactor on Si, SiO(2), stainless steel, and polycrystalline Si and electroplated Ni microelectromechanical systems structures. Films were studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) with Automated eXpert Spectral Image Analysis (AXSIA) software for X-ray spectral images and X-ray diffraction to determine the coating conformality and crystallinity. The coatings exhibited a hexagonal layered structure with predominant preferentially orientated (002) basal planes. Regardless of orientation to the substrate surface, these basal planes when sheared imparted low friction with a steady-state friction coefficient as low as 0.008 to 50,000 cycles in a dry nitrogen environment. The formation of smooth transfer films during wear provided low interfacial shear stresses during sliding thus achieving low friction and wear. The XTEM combined with AXSIA of the wear tracks identified this mechanism and the effects of vapor phase reaction by-product etching on insulating and native polycrystalline Si and Ni surfaces. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), N Texas State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 305310, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM scharf@egw.unt.edu RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 53 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 9 U2 85 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4731 EP 4743 DI 10.1616/j.actamat.2006.06.009 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900010 ER PT J AU Fan, GJ Fu, LF Choo, H Liaw, PK Browning, ND AF Fan, G. J. Fu, L. F. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. Browning, N. D. TI Uniaxial tensile plastic deformation and grain growth of bulk nanocrystalline alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline alloys; mechanical properties; grain growth; deformation mechanisms ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STRAIN-RATE; THIN-FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RATE SENSITIVITY; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB The uniaxial tensile behavior of as-deposited bulk nanocrystalline (nc) Ni-Fe (average grain size d approximate to 23 nm) and Co-P (d approximate to 12 nm) alloys was investigated. Both alloys have a high strength of about 2 GPa. The nc Ni-Fe alloy exhibits a tensile elongation to failure, epsilon(f), in the ran e 4-7%. depending on the applied strain rate, L In contrast, the nc Co-P alloy shows rather constant epsilon(f) of about 2.2%, which is insensitive to epsilon Tensile plastic deformation causes a grain growth in both alloys. An abnormal grain growth was noticed in the nc Ni-Fe alloy, leading to a bimodal microstructure with large grain sizes up to about 250 nm. While deformation twinning and dislocation motion still play roles, our experimental results indicate that the plastic deformation of the nc alloys is influenced by the grain boundary activities. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawerence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fan, GJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gfan@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 70 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 7 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4781 EP 4792 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.016 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900014 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Brown, DW Tome, CN AF Agnew, S. R. Brown, D. W. Tome, C. N. TI Validating a polycrystal model for the elastoplastic response of magnesium alloy AZ31 using in situ neutron diffraction SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE magnesium; texture; plasticity; neutron scattering; ECAP ID PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; NONBASAL SLIP; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; GRAIN-INTERACTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MG AB In situ neutron diffraction is used to assess the development of internal elastic strains within the grains of magnesium alloy AZ31 processed via conventional extrusion and equal channel angular extrusion. An elastoplastic self-consistent polycrystal model is used to simulate the macroscopic flow curves and internal strain developments within the distinctly textured magnesium alloy samples. The parameters of the model are the critical resolved shear strengths and hardening behaviors of the dislocation slip and twinning mechanisms which operate within this hexagonal close-packed alloy. The results indicate that a single constitutive model can predict the behavior if it explicitly accounts for the effects of crystallographic texture and grain size. The polycrystal model presently accounts for grain size in an ad hoc manner. (c) 2006 Acta Matcrialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 400745,116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM sra4p@virginia.edu RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 NR 49 TC 206 Z9 208 U1 6 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4841 EP 4852 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.020 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900019 ER PT J AU Ma, D Chi, DZ LoomanS, ME Wang, WD Wong, ASW Chua, SJ AF Ma, D. Chi, D. Z. Loomans, M. E. Wang, W. D. Wong, A. S. W. Chua, S. J. TI Kinetics of NiSi-to-NiSi2 transformation and morphological evolution in nickel silicide thin films on Si(001) SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE finite element analysis; compression test; ceramics; fracture; granular microstructure ID THERMAL-STABILITY; GRAIN-GROWTH; NISI FILMS; PHASES; NUCLEATION; DISILICIDE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB We have investigated the kinetics of the NiSi-to-NiSi2 transformation by monitoring the phases present in nickel silicide films after various annealing treatments. It has been found that, for very short annealing times, essentially pure NiSi films can be retained on Si(001) at temperatures up to 800 degrees C, a temperature significantly higher than that normally observed (similar to 700 degrees C) for the NiSi-to-NiSi2 transformation. A time-temperature transformation diagram was constructed to elucidate the kinetics of the NiSi-to-NiSi, transformation, which was explained in terms of the classical theories of nucleation and growth. It was also found that, at a given temperature, agglomeration of NiSi films can be avoided by using short annealing times. The activation energy for grain growth in NiSi films was estimated using a concept of "agglomeration time". (c) 2006 Acta Mawrialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ma, D (reprint author), Inst Mat Res & Engn, Res Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore. EM dongma@ornl.gov RI Ma, Dong/G-5198-2011 OI Ma, Dong/0000-0003-3154-2454 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 18 BP 4905 EP 4911 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.042 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 097GT UT WOS:000241435900025 ER PT J AU Zemva, B Bartlett, N AF Zemva, Boris Bartlett, Neil TI Metastable fluorides and potent oxidizers - Their preparation in liquid anhydrous HF, at room and lower temperatures SO ACTUALITE CHIMIQUE LA English DT Article DE high oxidation states; liquid anhydrous HF; oxidizers; electronegativity; platinum-metals ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PALLADIUM DIFLUORIDE; TRIFLUORIDE; OXIDATION; NICKEL; AGF3; OSF4; NIF4; 2ND AB The low electronegativity of an oxidation state in an anion enables high oxidation states, e.g. Ni-IV, Au-V, and Ag-III, to be easily attained in liquid anhydrous HF (aHF), made basic with fluoride-ion donors. The oxidation state can be enhanced if elemental fluorine is photo-dissociated. Teflon valves and lines, especially transparent and kinetically stable fluorocarbon containers for the aHF solutions, provide for this. Binary fluorides, that are of low solubility in aHF, can be displaced by stronger F acceptors from their high oxidation-state anions. NiF4, NiF3, and AgF3, which can be made in this manner, are thermodynamically unstable with respect to loss of fluorine. The electronegativity of the oxidation state in the binary fluoride is higher than in the anion (hence the metastability) and when a strong F acceptor converts the binary fluoride into a cationic species, the electronegativity is further enhanced. Thus cationic Ag-III and Ni-IV are superior to KrF+, as one-electron oxidizers. They are able to remove the electron from all platinum-metal hexafluoro-anions, MF6-, to liberate the hexafluorides. All of this chemistry can be achieved at or below room temperature. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zemva, B (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM boris.zemva@ijs.si; nbartlett@LBL.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC FRANCAISE CHIMIE PI PARIS PA 250 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-9093 J9 ACTUAL CHIMIQUE JI Actual Chim. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 SU 301-302 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 116DY UT WOS:000242783900008 ER PT J AU Daniel, C Dahotre, NB AF Daniel, Claus Dahotre, Narendra B. TI Phase-modulated hierarchical surface structures by interfering laser beams SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; SLIDING CONTACT; COATINGS; FRICTION; TEXTURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; PERFORMANCE AB A high-energy laser interference direct modulation technique is proposed to develop surfaces for energy-efficient performance based on microstructure and physical parameter control. By producing the surface features or particles at the nano to micron scale in an orderly and/or parallel manner with a lateral long-range order, the surfaces can be configured for highly improved surface response for a host of properties, including wear and friction. Laser interference direct modulation can lead to an optimized composite of metallurgical (localized alloyed or composite regions) and topographic textures. The technique is rapid prototyping, low cost and one-step method that can be well-integrated into existing production lines without the need for any special atmosphere. It is usable for complex geometries of the components and the surface can be modulated for nano-micro scale features on large areas. The present paper describes the principle behind the laser interference technique configured for surface modulation and provides the definitions of surface structures (features) evolved. Some examples of laser-based surface modulation of materials systems are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Daniel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM DanielC@ornl.gov RI Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008 OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 10 BP 925 EP 932 DI 10.1002/adem.200600099 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 102BF UT WOS:000241785000002 ER PT J AU Han, BQ Huang, JY Zhu, YT Lavernia, EJ AF Han, Bing Q. Huang, Jianyu Zhu, Yuntian T. Lavernia, Enrique J. TI Negative strain-rate sensitivity in a nanostructured aluminum alloy SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE AL; TENSILE PROPERTIES; SERRATED FLOW; BASE ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; METALS; CU; INSTABILITIES; COPPER C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Han, BQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bqhan@ucdavis.edu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 10 BP 945 EP 947 DI 10.1002/adem.200600164 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 102BF UT WOS:000241785000005 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P AF Tartakovsky, Alexandre M. Meakin, Paul TI Pore scale modeling of immiscible and miscible fluid flows using smoothed particle hydrodynamics SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE smoothed particle hydrodynamics; multiphase flow; instability; transport ID HELE-SHAW CELL; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATION; FRACTURES; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; DISKS; SPH AB A numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was developed and used to simulate immiscible and miscible fluid flows in porous media and to study effects of pore scale heterogeneity and anisotropy on such flows. Models for heterogeneous porous media were generated by using randomly located non-intersecting circular grains of different sizes, and pore scale anisotropy was introduced by randomly inserting non-overlapping particles on either side of the gap between two self-affine fractal curves to create a microfracture. Different fluid wetting behaviors and surface tensions were modeled using pair-wise particle-particle interactions. In simulations of miscible fluid flow, particles with variable, composition dependent, masses and viscosities were used. Artificial surface tension effects were avoided by basing the SPH equations on the particle number density. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS KI-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov; Paul.Meakin@inl.gov NR 34 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1464 EP 1478 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.11.014 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 094RT UT WOS:000241257400004 ER PT J AU Wegst, UGK AF Wegst, Ulrike G. K. TI Wood for sound SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE wood; acoustical properties; materials selection; musical instruments ID ACOUSTICALLY IMPORTANT PROPERTIES; XYLOPHONE; PLAYABILITY; VIOLINS AB The unique mechanical and acoustical properties of wood and its aesthetic appeal still make it the material of choice for musical instruments and the interior of concert halls. Worldwide, several hundred wood species are available for making wind, string, or percussion instruments. Over generations, first by trial and error and more recently by scientific approach, the most appropriate species were found for each instrument and application. Using material property charts on which acoustic properties such as the speed of sound, the characteristic impedance, the sound radiation coefficient, and the loss coefficient are plotted against one another for woods. We analyze and explain why spruce is the preferred choice for soundboards, why tropical species are favored for xylophone bars and woodwind instruments, why violinists still prefer pemambuco over other species as a bow material, and why hornbeam and birch are used in piano actions. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wegst, UGK (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM wegst@mf.mpg.de OI Wegst, Ulrike G.K./0000-0002-9057-415X NR 42 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 24 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1448 DI 10.3732/ajb.93.10.1439 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 099NN UT WOS:000241601800008 PM 21642091 ER PT J AU Chao, AW AF Chao, Alexander W. TI Resource Letter PBA-1: Particle beams and accelerators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Bibliography AB This Resource Letter provides a collection of resources for teaching and research in the field of particle beams and accelerators. I first attempt to give a brief introduction to the facilities, field, and community, and then turn to its literature and educational resources. I also try to include selected websites in the hope of helping the reader explore the web more extensively for specific items. (c) 2006 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chao, AW (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM achao@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 BP 855 EP 862 DI 10.1119/1.2221344 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 088DY UT WOS:000240792900002 ER PT J AU Shearer, C Vaniman, D Labotka, T AF Shearer, Charles Vaniman, David Labotka, Ted TI Preface to the Jim Papike special issue SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Shearer, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1459 EP 1460 DI 10.2138/am.2006.473 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700001 ER PT J AU Hagerty, JJ Shearer, CK Vaniman, DT Burger, PV AF Hagerty, Justin J. Shearer, Charles K. Vaniman, David T. Burger, Paul V. TI Identifying the effects of petrologic processes in a closed basaltic system using trace-element concentrations in olivines and glasses: Implications for comparative planetology SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Makaopuhi Lava Lake; Hawaii; basalt; trace elements and REE; distribution coefficients; olivine; glass; comparative planetology; geochemistry ID PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ORTHO-PYROXENE; SILICATE MELT; HENRYS LAW; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE; PLAGIOCLASE; LIQUID; EARTH AB We use trace-element concentrations in olivines and glasses from a closed basaltic system to identify the effects of petrologic processes on the trace-element record of that system. The closed basaltic system in question is the Makaopuhi Lava Lake (MLL), which is closed with respect to magma mixing. Detailed studies of this lava lake have provided important information about system variables and petrologic processes that have been measured and observed at the lake. These previous studies show that olivine crystallized from the lava lake at all stages of the lake's evolution, which means that olivine and residual glasses contain a record of the lake's petrologic history. We use this information, in conjunction with variations in trace-element concentrations in olivines and glasses, to show that mineral crystallization, gravitational settling, convective flow, filter pressing, and mineral-melt interface kinetics have characteristic effects on the trace element record of a closed basaltic system. These results are pertinent to the field of comparative planetology because they can be used to evaluate petrologic information in small samples from other planetary bodies, where information about system variables and/or petrologic processes is limited. C1 Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hagerty, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jhagerty@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1499 EP 1508 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2091 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700005 ER PT J AU Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ AF Vaniman, David T. Chipera, Steve J. TI Transformations of Mg- and Ca-sulfate hydrates in Mars regolith SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE lunar and planetary studies; crystal growth; phase transition; kinetics ID MARTIAN SURFACE; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; HYDROUS MINERALS; GROUND ICE; WATER; SOIL; CHEMISTRY; SALTS; VIKING-LANDER-1 AB Salt hydrates have an active role in regolith development on Mars. The Mg-sulfate system, with highly variable values of n in the formula MgSO(4)(.)nH(2)O, is particularly subject to transformations among several crystalline and amorphous forms. The Ca-sulfate system, CaSO(4)(.)nH(2)O, is likely to be associated with the Mg-sulfates in most occurrences, but is less susceptible to transformations in n. Desiccation of MgSO(4)(.)nH(2)O occurs in exposed soils at the martian equator in summer where higher daytime temperatures at low relative humidity prevail against sluggish nighttime rehydration at high relative humidity. Desiccation and rehydration are both accelerated in the finest size fractions, particularly in silt-size aeolian particles subject to global redistribution by dust storms. This redistribution and periodic excursions into long-term episodes of high obliquity work to rehydrate desiccated MgSO(4)(.)nH(2)O to form epsomite, MgSO(4)(.)7H(2)O, at higher latitudes in the first case and more globally in the latter. Kieserite, a monohydrate form Of MgSO(4)(.)nH(2)O resistant to desiccation, can survive equatorial summer conditions, but not protracted high relative humidity; preservation of kieserite at the surface may place limits on the equatorial distribution of ice during past episodes of high obliquity. Deeper horizons in equatorial regolith may preserve hydrated phases through repeated obliquity episodes, raising the possibility of an ancient regolith archive of past hydration. At shallower depths in the regolith, in situ determination of the hydration states of the Mg-sulfates, and possibly the Ca-sulfates, may be used to constrain regolith dynamics if rates and modes of transitions in n can be fully characterized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaniman, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vaniman@lanl.gov NR 63 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1628 EP 1642 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2092 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700017 ER PT J AU Simon, SB Grossman, L Hutcheon, ID Phinney, DL Weber, PK Fallon, SJ AF Simon, Steven B. Grossman, Lawrence Hutcheon, Ian D. Phinney, Douglas L. Weber, Peter K. Fallon, Stewart J. TI Formation of spinel-, hibonite-rich inclusions found in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE spinel; refractory inclusions; melilite; hibonite; carbonaceous chondrites; mass fractionation ID REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; CAO-MGO-AL2O3-SIO2 LIQUIDS; MURCHISON METEORITE; ALLENDE METEORITE; CONDENSATION; SOLAR; FASSAITE; CRYSTALLIZATION; EVAPORATION; CHEMISTRY AB We report petrography, mineral chemistry, bulk chemistry, and bulk isotopic compositions of a suite of 40 spinel-rich inclusions from the Murchison (CM2) carbonaceous chondrite. Seven types of inclusions have been identified based on mineral assemblage: spinel-hibonite-perovskite; spinel-perovskite-pyroxene; spinel-perovskite-melilite; spinel-hibonite-perovskite-melilite; spinel-hibonite; spinel-pyroxene; and spinel-melilite-anorthite. Hibonite-bearing inclusions have Ti-poor spinel compared to the hibonite-free ones, and spinel-hibonite-perovskite inclusions have the highest average bulk TiO(2) contents (7.8 wt%). The bulk CaO/Al(2)O(3) ratios of the inclusions range from 0.005 to 0.21, well below the solar value of 0.79. Hibonite-, spinel-rich inclusions consist of phases that are not predicted by condensation calculations to coexist; in the equilibrium sequence, hibonite is followed by melilite, which is followed by spinel. Therefore, hibonite-melilite or melilite-spinel inclusions should be dominant instead. One explanation for the "missing melilite" is that it condensed as expected, but was lost due to evaporation of Mg and Ca during heating and melting of spherule precursors. If this theory were correct, melilite-poor spherules would have isotopically heavy Mg and Ca, assuming Rayleigh fractionation accompanied evaporation. Except for one inclusion with F(Mg) = 4.3 +/- 2.6 parts per thousand/amu and another with isotopically light Ca (F(Ca) = -3.4 +/- 2.0 parts per thousand/amu), however, all the inclusions we analyzed have normal isotopic compositions within their 2 sigma uncertainties. Thus, we found no evidence for significant mass-dependent fractionation. Conditions necessary for non-Rayleigh evaporation are unlikely if not unrealistic, and our preferred explanation for the general lack of melilite among hibonite-, spinel-bearing inclusions is kinetic inhibition of melilite condensation relative to spinel. Because of similarities between the crystal structures of hibonite and spinel, it should be easier for spinel than for melilite to form from hibonite. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geog Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Simon, SB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geog Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM sbsg@midway.uchicago.edu RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1675 EP 1687 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2130 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700021 ER PT J AU Martin, CD Crichton, WA Liu, HZ Prakapenka, V Chen, JH Parise, JB AF Martin, C. David Crichton, Wilson A. Liu, Haozhe Prakapenka, Vitali Chen, Jiuhua Parise, John B. TI Rietveld structure refinement of perovskite and post-perovskite phases of NaMgF3 (Neighborite) at high pressures SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Letter DE perovskite; post-perovskite; pressure; diamond anvil cell; X-ray diffraction; Rietveld modeling; structure ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CORE-MANTLE BOUNDARY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; LOWERMOST MANTLE; TRANSITION; MGSIO3; CHEMISTRY; LAYER; STABILITY AB Neighborite (NaMgF3) with the perovskite structure, transforms to a post-perovskite (ppv) phase between 27 and 30 GPa. The ppv phase is observed to the highest pressures achieved (56 GPa) at room temperature and transforms to an as yet unknown phase upon heating. Rietveld structure refinement using monochromatic synchrotron X-ray diffraction data provide models for the perovskite and post-perovskite structures at high pressure. The refined models at 27(1) GPa indicate some inter-octahedral F-F distances rival the average intra-octahedral distance, which may cause instability in the perovskite structure and drive the transformation to the post-perovskite phase. The ratio of A-site to B-site volume (V-A/V-B) in perovskite structured NaMgF3 (ABX(3)), spans from 5 in the zero-pressure high-temperature cubic perovskite phase to 4 in this high-pressure perovskite phase at 27(l) GPa, matching the VA/VB value in post-perovskite NaMgF3. Using Rietveld refinement on post-perovskite structure models, we observe discrepancies in pattern fitting, which may be described in terms of development of sample texture in the diamond-anvil cell, recrystallization, or a change of space group to Cmc2(l), a non-isomorphic subgroup of Cmcm-the space group describing the structure of CaIrO3. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Martin, CD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, 255 Earth & Space Sci Bldg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM chmartin@ic.sunysb.edu RI Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1703 EP 1706 DI 10.2138/am.2006.2308 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 095MU UT WOS:000241312700025 ER PT J AU Wilson, KH Brown, RS Andersen, GL Tsang, J Sartor, B AF Wilson, Kenneth H. Brown, Rhonda S. Andersen, Gary L. Tsang, Julia Sartor, Balfour TI Comparison of fecal biota from specific pathogen free and feral mice SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE mice; mouse flora; mouse biota; specific pathogen free mice; RRNA ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BACTERIA; GUT; MICROBIOTA; COMMENSAL; TRACT; FLORA AB Specific pathogen free (SPF) rodents are derived from germfree animals that are colonized with Schaedler's flora, a cocktail of eight bacterial strains isolated from the natural biota of mice. During successive generations SPF animals acquire a complex biota, but it is not known how similar it is to natural mouse biota. Therefore, fecal pellets of two feral mice and three SPF mice were studied by small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. After amplification of 16S rDNA by Bacterial Kingdom-specific primers, 132 rDNA clones from feral mice and 219 clones from SPF mice were placed phylogenetically. Forty-four percent of recovered rDNAs from feral mice were from organisms belonging to the Ribosomal Database Project's Bacteroides Group with significant proportions also coming from lactobacilli, the Clostridium coccoides Group and the Clostridium leptum Group. Although the,SPF biota appea, red equally complex at lower phylogenetic levels. the major phylogenetic groups represented were less diverse in that 92% of rDNA's from SPF mice mapped to groups of clostridia with 79% to the C coccoides Group alone. Given the number of physiological parameters influenced by the gut biota and the importance of mice in biomedical research, further investigations are warranted. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Med & Res Serv, VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Technol, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Gastrointestinal Biol & Dis, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Wilson, KH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Med & Res Serv, VA Med Ctr, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM wilso003@mc.duke.edu RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.09.002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 110TC UT WOS:000242402300008 PM 17070078 ER PT J AU Connelly, HM Pelletier, DA Lu, TY Lankford, PK Hettich, RL AF Connelly, Heather M. Pelletier, Dale A. Lu, Tse-Yuan Lankford, Patricia K. Hettich, Robert L. TI Characterization of pII family (GlnK1, GlnK2, and GlnB) protein uridylylation in response to nitrogen availability for Rhodopseudomonas palustris SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE top-down mass spectrometry; pII proteins; protein uridylylation; peptide MS/MS ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PROTEINS; AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER AMTB; MASS-SPECTRAL DATA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPLEX-FORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; SYSTEMS AB The GlnK and GlnB proteins are members of the pII signal transduction protein family, which is essential in nitrogen regulation due to this protein family's ability to sense internal cellular ammonium levels and control cellular response. The role of GlnK in nitrogen regulation has been studied in a variety of bacteria but previously has been uncharacterized in the purple nonsulfur anoxygenic phototropic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. R. palustris has tremendous metabolic versatility in its modes of energy generation and carbon metabolism, and it employs a sensitive nitrogen-ammonium regulation system that may vary from that of other commonly studied bacteria. In R. palustris, there are three annotated forms of pII proteins: GlnK1, GlnK2, and GlnB. Here we describe, for the first time, the characterization of GlnK1, GlnK2, and GlnB modifications as a response to nitrogen availability, thereby providing information about how this bacterium regulates the AmtB ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase, which controls the rate of glutamate to glutamine conversion. Using a strategy of creating C-terminally tagged GlnK and GlnB proteins followed by tandem affinity purification in combination with top-down mass spectrometry, four isoforms of the GlnK2 and GlnB proteins and two isoforms of the GlnK1 protein were characterized at high resolution and mass accuracy. Wild-type or endogenous expression of all three proteins was also examined under normal ammonium conditions and ammonium starvation to ensure that the tagging and affinity purification methods employed did not alter the natural state of the proteins. All three proteins were found to undergo uridylylation under ammonium starvation conditions, presumably to regulate the AmtB ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase. Under high-ammonium conditions, the GlnK1, GlnK2, and GlnB proteins are unmodified. This experimental protocol involving high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements of intact proteins provides a powerful method of examining the posttranstational modifications that play a crucial role in both the regulation of the AmtB ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase within R. palustris. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hettich, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hettichrl@ornl.gov RI Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 357 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.05.038 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 085VD UT WOS:000240631600012 PM 16860774 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Imre, D Cuadra-Rodriguez, LA AF Zelenyuk, Alla Imre, Dan Cuadra-Rodriguez, Luis A. TI Evaporation of water from particles in the aerodynamic lens inlet: An experimental study SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; BEAM; DIVERGENCE; MOBILITY; DENSITY; DESIGN; MOTION AB The extremely high particle transmission efficiency aerodynamic lens inlets resulted in their wide use aerosol mass spectrometers. One of the consequences transporting particles from high ambient pressure into vacuum is that it is accompanied by a rapid drop relative humidity (RH). Since many atmospheric exist in the form of hygroscopic water droplets, a drop RH may result in a significant loss of water and even change in phase. How much water is lost in these is presently unknown. Since water loss can affect size, transmission efficiency, ionization probability, mass spectrum, it is imperative to provide experimental data that can serve to guide the field to reasonable and uniform sampling approach. In this we present the results of a number of highly measurements, conducted under well-defined of water evaporation from a range of particles, during transport through an aerodynamic lens inlet. We that the only sure way to avoid ambiguities measurements of aerodynamic diameter in that utilize low-pressure aerodynamic lens inlets is to the particles prior to sampling. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Imre Consulting, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 19 BP 6942 EP 6947 DI 10.1021/ac061184o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 089DY UT WOS:000240861700041 PM 17007518 ER PT J AU Wang, J Liu, GD Engelhard, MH Lin, YH AF Wang, Jun Liu, Guodong Engelhard, Mark H. Lin, Yuehe TI Sensitive immunoassay of a biomarker tumor necrosis factor-alpha based on poly(guanine)-functionalized silica nanoparticle label SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRASENSITIVE DNA DETECTION; TIN OXIDE ELECTRODES; TNF-ALPHA; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; VOLTAMMETRIC DETECTION; MESSENGER-RNA; HUMAN SERUM; OXIDATION; CYTOKINES; GUANINE AB A novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) based on poly(guanine)-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) label is presented. The detection of mouse TNF-alpha via immunological reaction is based on a dual signal amplification: (1) a large amount of guanine residues introduced on the electrode surface through sandwich immunoreaction and poly(guanine)-functionalized silica NP label; (2) Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)- induced catalytic oxidation of guanine, which results in great enhancement of anodic current. The synthesized silica NP conjugates were characterized with atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. These experiments confirmed that poly(guanine) and avidin were immobilized on the surface of silica NPs. The performance of the electrochemical immunosensor was evaluated and some experiment parameters (e. g., concentration of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), incubation time of TNF-alpha, etc.) were optimized. The detection limit for TNF-alpha is found to be 5.0 similar to 10(-11) g mL(-1) (2.0 pM), which corresponds to 60 amol of TNF-alpha in 30 mu L of sample. This immunosensor based on the poly(guanine)functionalized silica NP label offers great promise for rapid, simple, cost-effective analysis of biological samples. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 40 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 19 BP 6974 EP 6979 DI 10.1021/ac060809f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 089DY UT WOS:000240861700046 PM 17007523 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Burans, JP Beecher, DJ Cebula, TA Chakraborty, R Cobb, WT Fletcher, J Hale, ML Harris, RB Heitkamp, MA Keller, FP Kuske, C LeClerc, JE Marrone, BL McKenna, TS Morse, SA Rodriguez, LL Valentine, NB Yadev, J AF Budowle, Bruce Schutzer, Steven E. Burans, James P. Beecher, Douglas J. Cebula, Thomas A. Chakraborty, Ranajit Cobb, William T. Fletcher, Jacqueline Hale, Martha L. Harris, Robert B. Heitkamp, Michael A. Keller, Frederick Paul Kuske, Cheryl LeClerc, Joseph E. Marrone, Babetta L. McKenna, Thomas S. Morse, Stephen A. Rodriguez, Luis L. Valentine, Nancy B. Yadev, Jagjit TI Quality sample collection, handling, and preservation for an effective microbial forensics program SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS CONTAMINATION; SPECIMEN COLLECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; QUANTITATIVE PCR; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; GLYCEROL; BIOTERRORISM; VIABILITY AB Science can be part of an effective investigative response to a bioterrorism event or a biocrime by providing capabilities to analyze biological and associated signatures in collected evidence. Microbial forensics, a discipline comprised of several scientific fields, is dedicated to the analysis of evidence from such criminal acts to help determine the responsible party and to exonerate the innocent (6). A partnership among a number of government agencies, academia, and the private sector has been formed to better respond to and deter potential perpetrators of bioterrorism or biocrimes. This partnership leverages our national scientific and analytical capabilities to support activities of law enforcement agencies. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose mission is, in part, to respond to and to prevent acts of terrorism against the United States, has established the National Bioforensics Analysis Center (NBFAC) (4,6). The NBFAC, in partnership with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), (i) provides a state-of-the-art central laboratory for analysis of microbial forensic evidence and (ii) serves as a nexus for integrating the national resources to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in obtaining the highest level of attribution possible in criminal cases where the weapon is a biological agent. One approach used by the NBFAC to establish a sound foundation, to foster communication, and to facilitate integration across government and other agencies is to promote independent meetings, which address specific needs and provide a forum for input from the broader scientific community, on the best scientific practices in microbial forensics (5). As part of this ongoing effort, a series of meetings sponsored by DHS were held at the Banbury Center of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, to address specific issues for the enhancement of microbial forensic capability. One such meeting, held on 16 to 19 October 2005, focused on the collection, handling, and storage of samples. These issues had been identified at previous meetings (5, 6) as some of the most critical issues confronting a crime scene investigation and subsequent analysis of evidence. The participants represented diverse scientific entities within academia, the private sector, the national laboratories, and several federal agencies (Central Intelligence Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DHS, FBI, Food and Drug Administration, and U.S. Department of Agriculture), some of which have been involved in evidence collection for purposes related to forensics, public health, or plant and animal health. The collection and preservation of microbial forensic evidence are paramount to efficient and successful investigation and attribution. If evidence (when available) is not collected, degrades, or is contaminated during collection, handling, transport, or storage, the downstream characterization and attribution analyses may be compromised. Retrieving sufficient quantities and maintaining the integrity of the evidence increase the chances of being able to characterize the material to obtain the highest level of attribution possible. This paper presents issues related to the practices of sample collection, handling, transportation, and storage and includes recommendations for future directions for the field of microbial forensics and people participating in it. The recommendations apply to the NBFAC, as well as to other facilities and practitioners. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Div Labs, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Dept Homeland Secur, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Cobb Consulting Serv, Kennewick, WA 99336 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Commonwealth Biotechnol Inc, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA ARS, FADDL, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Div Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schutzer, SE (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, MSB E543,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM schutzer@umdnj.edu NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 10 BP 6431 EP 6438 DI 10.1128/AEM.01165-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093LR UT WOS:000241170300001 PM 17021190 ER PT J AU Mattozzi, MDP Tehara, SK Hong, T Keasling, JD AF Mattozzi, Matthew de la Pena Tehara, Sundiep K. Hong, Thomas Keasling, Jay D. TI Mineralization of paraoxon and its use as a sole C and P source by a rationally designed catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BROAD-HOST-RANGE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; GENE CLONING; HUMAN URINE; NITROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; PARATHION; PHOSPHORUS; HYDROLASE AB Organophosphate compounds, which are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are cholinesterase inhibitors. These synthetic compounds are resistant to natural degradation and threaten the environment. We constructed a strain of Pseudomonas putida that can efficiently degrade a model organophosphate, paraoxon, and use it as a carbon, energy, and phosphorus source. This strain was engineered with the pnp operon from Pseudomonas sp. strain ENV2030, which encodes enzymes that transform p-nitrophenol into P-ketoadipate, and with a synthetic operon encoding an organophosphate hydrolase (encoded by opd) from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, a phosphodiesterase (encoded by pde) from Delftia acidovorans, and an alkaline phosphatase (encoded by phoA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HN854 under control of a constitutive promoter. The engineered strain can efficiently mineralize up to 1 mM (275 mg/liter) paraoxon within 48 h, using paraoxon as the sole carbon and phosphorus source and an inoculum optical density at 600 nm of 0.03. Because the organism can utilize paraoxon as a sole carbon, energy, and phosphorus source and because one of the intermediates in the pathway (p-nitrophenol) is toxic at high concentrations, there is no need for selection pressure to maintain the heterologous pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Grad Grp Microbiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Grad Grp Microbiol, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 10 BP 6699 EP 6706 DI 10.1128/AEM.00907-06 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093LR UT WOS:000241170300035 ER PT J AU Campbell, CG Garrido, F Illera, V Garcia-Gonzalez, MT AF Campbell, C. G. Garrido, F. Illera, V. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T. TI Transport of Cd, Cu and Pb in an acid soil amended with phosphogypsum, sugar foam and phosphoric rock (vol 21, pg 1030, 2006) SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Water Guidance & Monitoring Grp, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Agr, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Campbell, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Water Guidance & Monitoring Grp, Environm Protect Dept, 7000 E Ave,L-627, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM campbell48@llnl.gov RI Garrido, Fernando/H-9868-2012; Garrido, Fernando/J-5602-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1818 EP 1818 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.06.005 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 100BB UT WOS:000241641000015 ER PT J AU Lubertozzi, D Keasling, JD AF Lubertozzi, David Keasling, Jay D. TI Marker and promoter effects on heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; GENE-CLUSTER; TRANSFORMATION; PROTEINS; MECHANISMS; EFFICIENCY; ELEMENTS; AWAMORI; MUTANT AB To study the effects of selection marker, promoter type, and copy number on heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans, strains were constructed with single- and multicopy plasmid integrations bearing a reporter gene (lacZ) under the control of either an inducible (alcA) or constitutive (gpdA) promoter and one of three Aspergillus nutritional marker genes (argB, trpC, or niaD). beta-Galactosidase activity in the transformants varied over three orders of magnitude, with the majority of levels in the range of 5x10(3)-1x10(4) U/mg. Significant differences in mean expression levels were found when comparing single-copy transformants with the same promoter but a different marker. Transformants with the argB marker had the highest average expression, similar to threefold over the trpC or niaD clones. For each promoter, maximal expression for the set was seen in the range of the single-copy clones, implying that increasing the copy number does not reliably increase expression in Aspergillus. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1023 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0368-8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 089CI UT WOS:000240857300021 PM 16699756 ER PT J AU Outola, I Filliben, J Inn, KGW La Rosa, J McMahon, CA Peck, GA Twining, J Tims, SG Fifield, LK Smedley, P Anton, MP Gasco, C Povinec, P Pham, MK Raaum, A Wei, HJ Krijger, GC Bouisset, P Litherland, AE Kieser, WE Betti, M Heras, LADL Hong, GH Holm, E Skipperud, L Harms, AV Arinc, A Youngman, M Arnold, D Wershofen, H Sill, DS Bohrer, S Dahlgaard, H Croudace, IW Warwick, PE Ikaheimonen, TK Klemola, S Vakulovsky, SM Sanchez-Cabeza, JA AF Outola, I. Filliben, J. Inn, K. G. W. La Rosa, J. McMahon, C. A. Peck, G. A. Twining, J. Tims, S. G. Fifield, L. K. Smedley, P. Anton, M. P. Gasco, C. Povinec, P. Pham, M. K. Raaum, A. Wei, H. -J. Krijger, G. C. Bouisset, P. Litherland, A. E. Kieser, W. E. Betti, M. Heras, L. Aldave de las Hong, G. H. Holm, E. Skipperud, L. Harms, A. V. Arinc, A. Youngman, M. Arnold, D. Wershofen, H. Sill, D. S. Bohrer, S. Dahlgaard, H. Croudace, I. W. Warwick, P. E. Ikaheimonen, T. K. Klemola, S. Vakulovsky, S. M. Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A. TI Characterization of the NIST Seaweed Standard Reference Material SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and Its Applications (ICRM 2005) CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Natl Phys Lab HO Univ Oxford DE reference material; seaweed; intercomparison AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) for seaweed was developed through an interlaboratory comparison with 24 participants from 16 countries. After evaluating different techniques to calculate certified values for the radionuclides, the median method was found to be the most representative technique. The certified values were provided for 13 radionuclides and information values were given for 15 more radionuclides. Results for the natural decay series showed disequilibrium in both the uranium and thorium series. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. IAEA Marine Environm Lab, Monaco, Monaco. Inst Energy Technol, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Inst Nucl Energy Res, Lungtan 32500, Taiwan. Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Orsay, France. IsoTrace, Toronto, ON, Canada. Inst Transuranium Elements, CEC JRC, Karlsruhe, Germany. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan, South Korea. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Agr Univ Norway, N-1432 As, Norway. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Sci Prod Assoc Typhoon, Obninsk, Russia. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. RP Outola, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iisa.outola@nist.gov RI Gasco Leonarte, Catalina/A-3041-2010; Tims, Stephen/P-6505-2015; Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A./Q-2394-2016; OI Gasco Leonarte, Catalina/0000-0003-2409-6716; Tims, Stephen/0000-0001-6014-0126; Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A./0000-0002-3540-1168; Povinec, Pavel/0000-0003-0275-794X; Skipperud, Lindis/0000-0001-5249-0409; Warwick, Phillip/0000-0001-8774-5125; Croudace, Ian/0000-0003-1547-5650 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10-11 SI SI BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.02.029 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 092LA UT WOS:000241096900032 PM 16549359 ER PT J AU Patterson, BM Havrilla, GJ Schoonover, JR AF Patterson, Brian M. Havrilla, George J. Schoonover, Jon R. TI Elemental and molecular characterization of aged polydimethylsiloxane foams SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence; microspectroscopy; polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; chemometrics; imaging ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; POLYURETHANE FOAM; FT-IR; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PRECONCENTRATION; SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION; DENSITY; LENGTH AB The application and integration of micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam aging issues have been applied to cross-sectional images. Previous work has shown the tin in the stannous 2-ethylhexanoate catalyst to be highly mobile and it typically migrates to the PDMS foam upper surface. The current paper discusses a method for the integration of full spectral MXRF and FT-IR imaging of aged foams. Solvent extractions have also been performed on both fresh and aged foams to further examine aged foam properties. Combining elemental and molecular imaging techniques and applying them to PDMS aging provides synergistic information that aids in understanding the sample composition and distribution of components. Application of chemometric analysis to the full spectral elemental and molecular maps demonstrates correlations within the foams of the residual tin, organo-tin functional group moieties, and the presence of nitroplasticizer from an exogenous source. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Patterson, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM bpatterson@lanl.gov OI Patterson, Brian/0000-0001-9244-7376 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1110 DI 10.1366/000370206778664653 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 093CE UT WOS:000241144000003 PM 17059661 ER PT J AU Heber, EM Trivillin, VA Nigg, DW Itoiz, ME Gonzalez, BN Rebagliati, RJ Batistoni, D Kreimann, EL Schwint, AE AF Heber, Elisa M. Trivillin, Veronica A. Nigg, David W. Itoiz, Maria E. Gonzalez, Beatriz N. Rebagliati, Raul J. Batistoni, Daniel Kreimann, Erica L. Schwint, Amanda E. TI Homogeneous boron targeting of heterogeneous tumors for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT): Chemical analyses in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BNCT; oral cancer; hamster cheek pouch; boron targeting ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; SELECTIVE DELIVERY; NECK-CANCER; BORONOPHENYLALANINE; HEAD; BIODISTRIBUTION; BOROCAPTATE; GB-10 AB Objective: BNCT is a tumour cell targeted radiation therapy. Uniform targeting of heterogeneous turnours with therapeutically effective boron carriers would contribute to a therapeutic effect on all tumour cell populations and avoid radioresistant fractions. This remains an unresolved challenge. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of variation in boron content delivered by boronophenylalanine (BPA), GB-10 ((Na2B10H10)-B-10) and the combined administration of (BPA + GB-10) in different portions of tumour, precancerous tissue around tumour and normal pouch tissue in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. Materials and methods: Samples of different areas of tumour, precancerous tissue and normal pouch tissue were taken from tumour-bearing hamsters, 3 h post-administration of i.p. BPA(15.5 mg B/kg b.w.), or i.v. GB-10(50 mg B/kg b.w.), or 3 h and 1.5 h post-ad ministration respectively of i.v. GB-10 (34.5 mg B/b.w.) and sequential i.p. injections of BPA (total dose 31 mg B/kg b.w.) given jointly. Boron content was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The degree of homogeneity in boron targeting was assessed in terms of the coefficient of variation (V: [S.D./mean] x 100) of boron values. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference test. Results: GB-10 and GB-10 plus BPA achieved respectively a statistically significant 1.8- and 3.3-fold increase in targeting homogeneity over BPA. Conclusions: The combined boron compound administration protocol contributes to homogeneous targeting of heterogeneous tumours; and would be expected to increase therapeutic efficacy of BNCT. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurooncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Oral Pathol, Fac Dent, RA-1122 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Exact & Nat Sci, Biometry Div, Dept Ecol Genet & Evolut, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Chem, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Schwint, AE (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurooncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM schwint@cnea.gov.ar OI Schwint, Amanda Elena/0000-0001-6727-3669 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 51 IS 10 BP 922 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.03.015 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 095FA UT WOS:000241292400014 PM 16696934 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Lawrence, T Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Zogg, Robert Lawrence, Tyson Roth, Kurt Brodrick, James TI Residential emergency power systems SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 10 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 097DL UT WOS:000241426700029 ER PT J AU Schaefer, JJ Brotherton, MS Shang, ZH Gregg, MD Becker, RH Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Lacy, M White, RL AF Schaefer, Justin J. Brotherton, Michael S. Shang, Zhaohui Gregg, Michael D. Becker, Robert H. Laurent-Muehleisen, Sally A. Lacy, Mark White, Richard L. TI XMM-Newton detection of the rare Fanaroff-Riley type II broad absorption line quasar first J101614.3+520916 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; quasars : individual (FIRST J101614.3+520916); X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-WEAK; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED RADIO JETS; STELLAR OBJECTS; CHANDRA SURVEY; SKY SURVEY; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; QSO AB We have detected FIRST J101614.3+520916 with the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. FIRST J101614.3+520916, one of the most extreme radio-loud, broad absorption line (BAL) quasars so far discovered, is also a Fanaroff-Riley type II radio source. We find that, compared to its estimated intrinsic X-ray flux, the observed X-rays are likely suppressed and that the observed hardness ratio indicates significant soft X-ray photons. This is inconsistent with the simplest model, a normal quasar spectrum absorbed by a large neutral H I column density, which would primarily absorb the softer photons. More complex models, involving partial covering, an ionized absorber, ionized mirror reflection, or jet contributions need to be invoked to explain this source. The suppressed but soft X-ray emission in this radio-loud BAL quasar is consistent with the behavior displayed by other BAL quasars, both radio-loud and radio-quiet. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Schaefer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 1464 EP 1467 DI 10.1086/506509 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093IJ UT WOS:000241161700004 ER PT J AU Conley, A Howell, DA Howes, A Sullivan, M Astier, P Balam, D Basa, S Carlberg, RG Fouchez, D Guy, J Hook, I Neill, JD Pain, R Perrett, K Pritchet, CJ Regnault, N Rich, J Taillet, R Aubourg, E Bronder, J Ellis, RS Fabbro, S Filiol, M Le Borgne, D Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perlmutter, S Ripoche, P AF Conley, A. Howell, D. A. Howes, A. Sullivan, M. Astier, P. Balam, D. Basa, S. Carlberg, R. G. Fouchez, D. Guy, J. Hook, I. Neill, J. D. Pain, R. Perrett, K. Pritchet, C. J. Regnault, N. Rich, J. Taillet, R. Aubourg, E. Bronder, J. Ellis, R. S. Fabbro, S. Filiol, M. Le Borgne, D. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Perlmutter, S. Ripoche, P. TI The rise time of Type Ia supernovae from the Supernova Legacy Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; supernovae : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; MODELS; CONSTRAINTS; CONSTANT; OMEGA(M) AB We compare the rise times of nearby and distant Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as a test for evolution using 73 high-redshift spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia from the first 2 years of the 5 year Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) and published observations of nearby SNe. Because of the "rolling" search nature of the SNLS, our measurement is approximately 6 times more precise than previous studies, allowing for a more sensitive test of evolution between nearby and distant SNe. Adopting a simple t(2) early-time model (as in previous studies), we find that the rest-frame B rise times for a fiducial SN Ia at high and low redshift are consistent, with values 19.10(-0.17)(+0.18) (stat) +/- 0.2(syst) and 19.58(-0.19)(+0.22) days, respectively; the statistical significance of this difference is only 1.4 sigma. The errors represent the uncertainty in the mean rather than any variation between individual SNe. We also compare subsets of our high-redshift data set based on decline rate, host galaxy star formation rate, and redshift, finding no substantive evidence for any subsample dependence. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. CNRS, LAM, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Savoie, F-73000 Chambery, France. AstroParticule & Cosmol, F-75231 Paris, France. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, CENTRA, Ctr Multidisciplinar Astrofis, IST, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Conley, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 NR 39 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 1707 EP 1713 DI 10.1086/507788 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093IJ UT WOS:000241161700025 ER PT J AU Orlando, S Bocchino, F Peres, G Reale, F Plewa, T Rosner, R AF Orlando, S. Bocchino, F. Peres, G. Reale, F. Plewa, T. Rosner, R. TI Crushing of interstellar gas clouds in supernova remnants - II. X-ray emission SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; shock waves; ISM : supernova remnants; ISM : clouds; X-rays : ISM ID ELECTRON THERMAL CONDUCTION; FORMED DENSE SHELL; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; MODELING W44; HOT INTERIOR; SHOCK-WAVES; XMM-NEWTON; GRADIENT; EVOLUTION AB Context. X-ray observations of evolved supernova remnants (e.g. the Cygnus loop and the Vela SNRs) reveal emission originating from the interaction of shock waves with small interstellar gas clouds. Aims. We study and discuss the time-dependent X-ray emission predicted by hydrodynamic modeling of the interaction of a SNR shock wave with an interstellar gas cloud. The scope includes: 1) to study the correspondence between modeled and X-ray emitting structures, 2) to explore two different physical regimes in which either thermal conduction or radiative cooling plays a dominant role, and 3) to investigate the effects of the physical processes at work on the emission of the shocked cloud in the two different regimes. Methods. We use a detailed hydrodynamic model, including thermal conduction and radiation, and explore two cases characterized by different Mach numbers of the primary shock: M = 30 (post-shock temperature T-psh approximate to 1.7 MK) in which the cloud dynamics is dominated by radiative cooling and M = 50 (T-psh approximate to 4.7 MK) dominated by thermal conduction. From the simulations, we synthesize the expected X-ray emission, using available spectral codes. Results. The morphology of the X-ray emitting structures is significantly different from that of the flow structures originating from the shock-cloud interaction. The hydrodynamic instabilities are never clearly visible in the X-ray band. Shocked clouds are preferentially visible during the early phases of their evolution. Thermal conduction and radiative cooling lead to two different phases of the shocked cloud: a cold cooling dominated core emitting at low energies and a hot thermally conducting corona emitting in the X-ray band. The thermal conduction makes the X-ray image of the cloud smaller, more diffuse, and shorter-lived than that observed when thermal conduction is neglected. C1 Osservatorio Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Orlando, S (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM orlando@astropa.inaf.it RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010; OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565; Bocchino, Fabrizio/0000-0002-2321-5616; Orlando, Salvatore/0000-0003-2836-540X; PERES, Giovanni/0000-0002-6033-8180; Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 457 IS 2 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065652 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 084NQ UT WOS:000240540400018 ER PT J AU Achterberg, A Ackermann, M Adams, J Ahrens, J Andeen, K Atlee, DW Baccus, J Bahcall, JN Bai, X Baret, B Bartelt, M Barwick, SW Bay, R Beattie, K Becka, T Becker, JK Becker, KH Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Besson, DZ Blaufuss, E Boersma, DJ Boser, S Botner, O Bouchta, A Braun, J Burgess, C Burgess, T Castermans, T Cherwinka, J Chirkin, D Clem, J Cowen, DF D'Agostino, MV Davour, A Day, CT De Clercq, C Demiror, L Desiati, P DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC Dreyer, J Duvoort, MR Edwards, WR Ehrlich, R Eisch, J Elcheikh, A Ellsworth, RW Evenson, PA Fadiran, O Fazely, AR Feser, T Filimonov, K Fox, BD Gaisser, TK Gallagher, J Ganugapati, R Geenen, H Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Goodman, JA Gozzini, R Greene, MG Grullon, S Gross, A Gunasingha, RM Gurtner, M Hallgren, A Halzen, F Han, K Hanson, K Hardtke, D Hardtke, R Harenberg, T Hart, JE Haugen, J Hauschildt, T Hays, D Heise, J Helbing, K Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hodges, J Hoffman, KD Hoshina, K Hubert, D Hughey, B Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hundertmark, S Hulss, JP Ishihara, A Jacobsen, J Japaridze, GS Jones, A Joseph, JM Kampert, KH Karle, A Kawai, H Kelley, JL Kestel, M Kitamura, N Klein, SR Klepser, S Kohnen, G Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Landsman, H Laundries, A Leich, H Liubarsky, I Lundberg, J Mackenzie, C Madsen, J Mase, K Matis, HS McCauley, T McParland, CP Meli, A Messarius, T Meszaros, P Miyamoto, H Mokhtarani, A Montaruli, T Morey, A Morse, R Movit, SM Munich, K Muratas, A Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H Olbrechts, P Olivas, A Patton, S Pena-Garay, C Heros, CPD Pettersen, C Plegsa, A Pieloth, D Pohl, AC Porrata, R Pretz, J Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Razzaque, S Refflinghaus, F Rescom, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Rizzo, A Robbins, S Rott, C Rutledge, D Sander, HG Sandstrom, P Sarkar, S Schlenstedt, S Schneider, D Seckel, D Seo, SH Seunarine, S Silvestri, A Smith, AJ SolarZ, M Song, C Sopher, JE Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Steffen, P Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stoufer, MC Stoyanov, S Strahler, EA Sulanke, KH Sullivan, GW Taboada, I Tarasova, O Tepe, A Thollander, L Tilav, S Toale, PA Turcan, D van Eijndhoven, N Vandenbroucke, J Van Overloop, A Voigt, B Wagner, W Walck, C Waldmann, H Walter, M Wang, YR Wendt, C Whitney, M Wiebusch, CH Wikstrom, G Williams, DR Wischnewski, R Wisniewski, P Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Xu, XW Yodh, G Yoshida, S Zornoza, JD AF Achterberg, A. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Ahrens, J. Andeen, K. Atlee, D. W. Baccus, J. Bahcall, J. N. Bai, X. Baret, B. Bartelt, M. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Beattie, K. Becka, T. Becker, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bouchta, A. Braun, J. Burgess, C. Burgess, T. Castermans, T. Cherwinka, J. Chirkin, D. Clem, J. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Davour, A. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demiroer, L. Desiati, P. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dreyer, J. Duvoort, M. R. Edwards, W. R. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Elcheikh, A. Ellsworth, R. W. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Feser, T. Filimonov, K. Fox, B. D. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geenen, H. Gerhardt, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. A. Gozzini, R. Greene, M. G. Grullon, S. Gross, A. Gunasingha, R. M. Gurtner, M. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hardtke, D. Hardtke, R. Harenberg, T. Hart, J. E. Haugen, J. Hauschildt, T. Hays, D. Heise, J. Helbing, K. Hellwig, M. Herquet, P. Hill, G. C. Hodges, J. Hoffman, K. D. Hoshina, K. Hubert, D. Hughey, B. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hundertmark, S. Huelss, J. -P. Ishihara, A. Jacobsen, J. Japaridze, G. S. Jones, A. Joseph, J. M. Kampert, K. -H. Karle, A. Kawai, H. Kelley, J. L. Kestel, M. Kitamura, N. Klein, S. R. Klepser, S. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Krasberg, M. Kuehn, K. Landsman, H. Laundries, A. Leich, H. Liubarsky, I. Lundberg, J. Mackenzie, C. Madsen, J. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. McCauley, T. McParland, C. P. Meli, A. Messarius, T. Meszedros, P. Miyamoto, H. Mokhtarani, A. Montaruli, T. Morey, A. Morse, R. Movit, S. M. Muenich, K. Muratas, A. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Niessen, P. Nygren, D. R. Oegelman, H. Olbrechts, Ph. Olivas, A. Patton, S. Pena-Garay, C. Heros, C. Perez de los Pettersen, C. Plegsa, A. Pieloth, D. Pohl, A. C. Porrata, R. Pretz, J. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Razzaque, S. Refflinghaus, F. Rescom, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Rizzo, A. Robbins, S. Rott, C. Rutledge, D. Sander, H. -G. Sandstrom, P. Sarkar, S. Schlenstedt, S. Schneider, D. Seckel, D. Seo, S. H. Seunarine, S. Silvestri, A. Smith, A. J. SolarZ, M. Song, C. Sopher, J. E. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Steffen, P. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoufer, M. C. Stoyanov, S. Strahler, E. A. Sulanke, K. -H. Sullivan, G. W. Taboada, I. Tarasova, O. Tepe, A. Thollander, L. Tilav, S. Toale, P. A. Turcan, D. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Overloop, A. Voigt, B. Wagner, W. Walck, C. Waldmann, H. Walter, M. Wang, Y. -R. Wendt, C. Whitney, M. Wiebusch, C. H. Wikstroem, G. Williams, D. R. Wischnewski, R. Wisniewski, P. Wissing, H. Woschnagg, K. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zornoza, J. D. TI First year performance of the IceCube neutrino telescope SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrino; IceCube; performance; South pole; detection; IceTop; Amanda; first year ID SOUTH-POLE; GLACIAL ICE; DEEP-SEA; DETECTOR; AMANDA; FLUX; TRANSMISSION; OPERATION; LIGHT; BURST AB The first sensors of the IceCube neutrino observatory were deployed at the South Pole during the austral summer of 2004-2005 and have been producing data since February 2005. One string of 60 sensors buried in the ice and a surface array of eight ice Cherenkov tanks took data until December 2005 when deployment of the next set of strings and tanks began. We have analyzed these data, demonstrating that the performance of the system meets or exceeds design requirements. Times are determined across the whole array to a relative precision of better than 3 ns, allowing reconstruction of muon tracks and light bursts in the ice, of air-showers in the surface array and of events seen in coincidence by surface and deep-ice detectors separated by up to 2.5 km. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Dortmund, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Uppsala, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Utrecht, SRON, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Kalmar Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Sci, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. RP Landsman, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hagar@icecube.wisc.edu RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Zornoza, Juan de Dios/L-1604-2014; Przybylski, Grzegorz/F-7474-2015; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; OI Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Zornoza, Juan de Dios/0000-0002-1834-0690; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Rott, Carsten/0000-0002-6958-6033 NR 45 TC 270 Z9 270 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 155 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.06.007 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 103LA UT WOS:000241885500001 ER PT J AU Almgren, AS Bell, JB Rendleman, CA Zingale, M AF Almgren, A. S. Bell, J. B. Rendleman, C. A. Zingale, M. TI Low Mach number modeling of Type Ia supernovae. II. Energy evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convection; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; APPROXIMATE PROJECTION; HYDROSTATIC ADJUSTMENT; CARBON IGNITION; DEFLAGRATIONS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY; DETONATION; EXPLOSION AB The convective period leading up to a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosion is characterized by very low Mach number flows, requiring hydrodynamic methods well-suited to long-time integration. We continue the development of the low Mach number equation set for stellar-scale flows by incorporating the effects of heat release due to external sources. Low Mach number hydrodynamics equations with a time-dependent background state are derived, and a numerical method based on the approximate projection formalism is presented. We demonstrate through validation with a fully compressible hydrodynamics code that this low Mach number model accurately captures the expansion of the stellar atmosphere as well as the local dynamics due to external heat sources. This algorithm provides the basis for an efficient simulation tool for studying the ignition of SNe Ia. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Almgren, AS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Zingale, Michael/0000-0001-8401-030X NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP 927 EP 938 DI 10.1086/507089 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BF UT WOS:000240854200032 ER PT J AU Levine, R Gnedin, NY AF Levine, Robyn Gnedin, Nickolay Y. TI Active galactic nucleus outflows and the matter power spectrum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; EARLY METAL ENRICHMENT; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PREGALACTIC OUTFLOWS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; FEEDBACK; QUASARS; EVOLUTION AB We attempt to evaluate the effects of AGN outflows on the amplitude of the matter power spectrum in a simple model of spherically symmetric outflows around a realistically clustered AGN population. We find that two competing effects influence the matter power spectrum in two opposite directions. First, AGN outflows move baryons from high- to low-density regions, decreasing the amplitude of the matter power spectrum by up to 20%. Second, high clustering of the AGN transfers the power from small to larger scales. The exact balance between these two effects depends on the details of outflows on small scales, and quantitative estimates will require much more sophisticated modeling than presented here. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Levine, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robyn.levine@colorado.edu; gnedin@fnal.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 649 IS 2 BP L57 EP L60 DI 10.1086/508370 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089BK UT WOS:000240854700001 ER PT J AU Richards, GT Lacy, M Storrie-Lombardi, LJ Hall, PB Gallagher, SC Hines, DC Fan, XH Papovich, C Berk, DEV Trammell, GB Schneider, DP Vestergaard, M York, DG Jester, S Anderson, SF Budavari, T Szalay, AS AF Richards, Gordon T. Lacy, Mark Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa J. Hall, Patrick B. Gallagher, S. C. Hines, Dean C. Fan, Xiaohui Papovich, Casey Berk, Daniel E. Vanden Trammell, George B. Schneider, Donald P. Vestergaard, Marianne York, Donald G. Jester, Sebastian Anderson, Scott F. Budavari, Tamas Szalay, Alexander S. TI Spectral energy distributions and multiwavelength selection of type 1 quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : active; infrared : galaxies; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies surveys; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; GALAXY-EVOLUTION-EXPLORER; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; DEEP VLA SURVEY; X-RAY AB We present an analysis of the mid-infrared (MIR) and optical properties of type 1 (broad-line) quasars detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The MIR color- redshift relation is characterized to z similar to 3, with predictions to z = 7. We demonstrate how combining MIR and optical colors can yield even more efficient selection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) than MIR or optical colors alone. Composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are constructed for 259 quasars with both Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Spitzer photometry, supplemented by near-IR, GALEX, VLA, and ROSAT data, where available. We discuss how the spectral diversity of quasars influences the determination of bolometric luminosities and accretion rates; assuming the mean SEDcan lead to errors as large as 50% for individual quasars when inferring a bolometric luminosity from an optical luminosity. Finally, we show that careful consideration of the shape of the mean quasar SED and its redshift dependence leads to a lower estimate of the fraction of reddened/obscured AGNs missed by optical surveys as compared to estimates derived from a single mean MIR to optical flux ratio. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Vestergaard, Marianne/M-5247-2014 OI Vestergaard, Marianne/0000-0001-9191-9837 NR 75 TC 482 Z9 485 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 2 BP 470 EP 497 DI 10.1086/506525 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093TQ UT WOS:000241193300002 ER PT J AU Pett-Ridge, J Silver, WL Firestone, MK AF Pett-Ridge, Jennifer Silver, Whendee L. Firestone, Mary K. TI Redox fluctuations frame microbial community impacts on N-cycling rates in a humid tropical forest soil SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (15)N pool dilution; redox fluctuation; tropical soil microbial community; denitrification; dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; gross mineralization and nitrification ID DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; SALT-MARSH; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MARINE SEDIMENT; POOL DILUTION; FRESH-WATER; PUERTO-RICO; NITRIFICATION AB Fluctuating soil redox regimes may facilitate the co-occurrence of microbial nitrogen transformations with significantly different sensitivities to soil oxygen availability. In an upland humid tropical forest, we explored the impact of fluctuating redox regimes on gross nitrogen cycling rates and microbial community composition. Our results suggest that the rapidly fluctuating redox conditions that characterize these upland soils allow anoxic and oxic N processing to co-occur. Gross nitrogen mineralization was insensitive to soil redox fluctuations. In contrast, nitrifiers in this soil were directly affected by low redox periods, yet retained some activity even after 3-6 weeks of anoxia. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was less sensitive to oxygen exposure than expected, indicating that the organisms mediating this reductive process were also tolerant of unfavorable (oxic) conditions. Denitrification was a stronger sink for NO(3) in consistently anoxic soils than in variable redox soils. Microbial biomass and community composition were maintained with redox fluctuation, but biomass decreased and composition changed under static oxic and anoxic soil regimes. Bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with rates of nitrification, denitrification and DNRA, suggesting that redox-control of soil microbial community structure was an important determinant of soil N-cycling rates. Specific nitrogen cycling functional groups in this environment (such as nitrifiers, DNRA organisms, and denitrifiers) appear to have adapted to nutrient resources that are spatially and temporally variable. In soils where oxygen is frequently depleted and re-supplied, characteristics of microbial tolerance and resilience can frame N cycling patterns. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pett-Ridge, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pettridge2@llnl.gov RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 NR 72 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 12 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s10533-006-9032-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090VK UT WOS:000240980500007 ER PT J AU Stephens, GJ Neuenschwander, S George, JS Singer, W Kenyon, GT AF Stephens, Greg J. Neuenschwander, Sergio George, John S. Singer, Wolf Kenyon, Garrett T. TI See globally, spike locally: oscillations in a retinal model encode large visual features SO BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article ID GANGLION-CELLS; CAT RETINA; PRIMATE RETINA; RESPONSES; POTENTIALS; CONNECTIVITY; INFORMATION; HYPOTHESIS; SYNCHRONY; PATTERNS AB We show that coherent oscillations among neighboring ganglion cells in a retinal model encode global topological properties, such as size, that cannot be deduced unambiguously from their local, time-averaged firing rates. Whereas ganglion cells may fire similar numbers of spikes in response to both small and large spots, only large spots evoke coherent high frequency oscillations, potentially allowing downstream neurons to infer global stimulus properties from their local afferents. To determine whether such information might be extracted over physiologically realistic spatial and temporal scales, we analyzed artificial spike trains whose oscillatory correlations were similar to those measured experimentally. Oscillatory power in the upper gamma band, extracted on single-trials from multi-unit spike trains, supported good to excellent size discrimination between small and large spots, with performance improving as the number of cells and/or duration of the analysis window was increased. By using Poisson distributed spikes to normalize the firing rate across stimulus conditions, we further found that coincidence detection, or synchrony, yielded substantially poorer performance on identical size discrimination tasks. To determine whether size encoding depended on contiguity independent of object shape, we examined the total oscillatory activity across the entire model retina in response to random binary images. As the ON-pixel probability crossed the percolation threshold, which marks the sudden emergence of large connected clusters, the total gamma-band activity exhibited a sharp transition, a phenomena that may be experimentally observable. Finally, a reanalysis of previously published oscillatory responses from cat ganglion cells revealed size encoding consistent with that predicted by the retinal model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Genom, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Max Planck Inst Hirnforsch, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Kenyon, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkenyon@lanl.gov RI Singer, Wolf/D-6874-2012 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-1200 J9 BIOL CYBERN JI Biol. Cybern. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 95 IS 4 BP 327 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s00422-006-0093-5 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 089QV UT WOS:000240896600003 PM 16897092 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, S Kumar, A Turhollow, AF AF Sokhansanj, Shahab Kumar, Amit Turhollow, Anthony F. TI Development and implementation of integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics model (IBSAL) SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass logistics; biomass collection simulation; biomass transportation simulation; biomass collection cost; biomass transportation cost; biomass delivered cost ID CORN STOVER; MOISTURE; SYSTEMS; COMPONENTS; SIMULATION; HARVEST; PLANTS; STRAW; COSTS AB This paper describes the framework development of a dynamic integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics model (IBSAL) to simulate the collection, storage, and transport operations for supplying agricultural biomass to a biorefinery. The model consists of time dependent events representing the working rate of equipment and queues representing the capacity of storage structures. The discrete event and queues are inter-connected to represent the entire network of material flow from field to a biorefinery. Weather conditions including rain and snow influence the moisture content and the dry matter loss of biomass through the supply chain and are included in the model. The model is developed using an object oriented high level simulation language EXTEND (TM). A case of corn stover collection and transport scenario using bating system is described. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. EM Amit.Kumar@ualberta.ca NR 32 TC 160 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 10 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.004 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 091ZT UT WOS:000241067500003 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Deng, YQ Roux, B AF Wang, Jiyao Deng, Yuqing Roux, Benoit TI Absolute binding free energy calculations using molecular dynamics simulations with restraining potentials SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ATOMIC SOLVATION PARAMETERS; POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; AMBER FORCE-FIELD; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; PERTURBATION CALCULATIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LIGAND-BINDING; SOLVENT INTERACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB The absolute (standard) binding free energy of eight FK506-related ligands to FKBP12 is calculated using free energy perturbation molecular dynamics (FEP/MD) simulations with explicit solvent. A number of features are implemented to improve the accuracy and enhance the convergence of the calculations. First, the absolute binding free energy is decomposed into sequential steps during which the ligand-surrounding interactions as well as various biasing potentials restraining the translation, orientation, and conformation of the ligand are turned "on'' and "off.'' Second, sampling of the ligand conformation is enforced by a restraining potential based on the root mean-square deviation relative to the bound state conformation. The effect of all the restraining potentials is rigorously unbiased, and it is shown explicitly that the final results are independent of all artificial restraints. Third, the repulsive and dispersive free energy contribution arising from the Lennard-Jones interactions of the ligand with its surrounding (protein and solvent) is calculated using the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen separation. This separation also improves convergence of theFEP/MD calculations. Fourth, to decrease the computational cost, only a small number of atoms in the vicinity of the binding site are simulated explicitly, while all the influence of the remaining atoms is incorporated implicitly using the generalized solvent boundary potential (GSBP) method. With GSBP, the size of the simulated FKBP12/ligand systems is significantly reduced, from similar to 25,000 to 2500. The computations are very efficient and the statistical error is small (similar to 1 kcal/mol). The calculated binding free energies are generally in good agreement with available experimental data and previous calculations (within similar to 2 kcal/mol). The present results indicate that a strategy based on FEP/MD simulations of a reduced GSBP atomic model sampled with conformational, translational, and orientational restraining potentials can be computationally inexpensive and accurate. C1 Univ Chicago, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, Inst Mol Pediat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roux, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, Inst Mol Pediat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM roux@uchicago.edu NR 85 TC 162 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 43 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 8 BP 2798 EP 2814 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.084301 PG 17 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 086VI UT WOS:000240700700008 PM 16844742 ER PT J AU Ding, SY Xu, Q Ali, MK Baker, JO Bayer, EA Barak, Y Lamed, R Sugiyama, J Rumbles, G Himmel, ME AF Ding, Shi-You Xu, Qi Ali, Mursheda K. Baker, John O. Bayer, Edward A. Barak, Yoav Lamed, Raphael Sugiyama, Junji Rumbles, Garry Himmel, Michael E. TI Versatile derivatives of carbohydrate-binding modules for imaging of complex carbohydrates approaching the molecular level of resolution SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PLANT-CELL WALL; NATIVE CELLULOSE; AFFINITY; STRAW; ARABINOXYLANS; LOCALIZATION; RECOGNITION; HYDROLYSIS; MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON AB The innate binding specificity of different carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) offers a versatile approach for mapping the chemistry and structure of surfaces that contain complex carbohydrates. We have employed the distinct recognition properties of a double His-tagged recombinant CBM tagged with semiconductor quantum dots for direct imaging of crystalline cellulose at the molecular level of resolution, using transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy. In addition, three different types of CBMs from families 3, 6, and 20 that exhibit different carbohydrate specificities were each fused with either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) and employed for double-labeling fluorescence inicroscopy studies of primary cell walls and various mixtures of complex carbohydrate target molecules. CBM probes can be used for characterizing both native complex carbohydrates and engineered biomaterials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. RP Ding, SY (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM shi_you_ding@nrel.gov; ed.bayer@weizmann.ac.il RI Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB 008121-23] NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 435 EP + DI 10.2144/000112244 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 094WI UT WOS:000241269500022 PM 17068959 ER PT J AU Hamrick, MW Ding, KH Pennington, C Chao, YJ Wu, YD Howard, B Immel, D Borlongan, C McNeil, PL Bollag, WB Curl, WW Yu, J Isales, CM AF Hamrick, Mark W. Ding, Ke-Hong Pennington, Catherine Chao, Yuh J. Wu, Yii-Der Howard, Boyd Immel, David Borlongan, Cesario McNeil, Paul L. Bollag, Wendy B. Curl, Walton W. Yu, Jack Isales, Carlos M. TI Age-related loss of muscle mass and bone strength in mice is associated with a decline in physical activity and serum leptin SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone loss; bone mineral density; sarcopenia; IL-6; aging ID ACCELERATED MOUSE SAMP6; MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SENILE OSTEOPOROSIS; OSTEOTROPIC FACTOR; BODY-COMPOSITION; INTERLEUKIN-6; WOMEN; SARCOPENIA; COMMUNITY AB The mechanisms underlying age-related loss of muscle and bone tissue are poorly understood but are thought to involve changes in sex hormone status, physical activity, and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. This study attempts to develop an animal model useful for evaluating these mechanisms in vivo. Male C5713L/6 mice were included for study at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 29 months of age. Endocortical mineralizing surface, serum leptin, body weight, and percentage of body fat all increased between 6 and 12 months of age as activity level declined. Serum levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6 increased significantly after 12 months of age, following the observed increase in body weight and percent body fat. Hindlimb muscle mass declined significantly between 18 and 24 months of age, both absolutely and relative to total body mass, with a further decline (similar to 15%) between 24 and 29 months, Loss of muscle mass after 18 months of age was accompanied by a significant increase in bone resorption, as indicated by serum pyridinoline cross-links, and a significant decrease in fat mass, serum leptin, bone strength, bone mineral density, and vertical cage activity. No significant changes in serum testosterone with aging were detected in the mice, as levels were essentially constant between 6 and 29 months. Our data show that mice lose a significant amount of muscle and bone tissue with age, and this loss of musculoskeletal tissue is accompanied by a drop in serum leptin and preceded by a significant decrease in physical activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol & Anat, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Program Regenerat Med, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Neurol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. VA Hosp, Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hamrick, MW (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol & Anat, Lancey Walker Blvd,CB2915, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM mhamrick@mail.mcg.edu RI Isales, Carlos/J-9902-2013; Hamrick, Mark/K-1131-2016; OI Isales, Carlos/0000-0002-4480-3484; Borlongan, Cesar/0000-0002-2966-9782 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR049717-01A2]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK058680] NR 35 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 4 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2006.04.011 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 088DW UT WOS:000240792700018 PM 16750436 ER PT J AU Klazura, GE Cook, DR Coulter, RL Hart, RL Holdridge, DJ Lesht, BM Lucas, JD Martin, TJ Pekour, MS Wesely, ML AF Klazura, G. E. Cook, D. R. Coulter, R. L. Hart, R. L. Holdridge, D. J. Lesht, B. M. Lucas, J. D. Martin, T. J. Pekour, M. S. Wesely, M. L. TI Atmospheric boundary layer measurements in south-central Kansas, 1997-2004 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klazura, GE (reprint author), 170 Winding Meadow Way, Monument, CO 80132 USA. EM ABLEwxman@yahoo.com OI Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1319 EP 1324 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1319 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400010 ER PT J AU Sperber, KR Yasunari, T AF Sperber, Kenneth R. Yasunari, Tetsuzo TI Workshop on monsoon climate systems - Toward better prediction of the monsoon SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. RP Sperber, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sperber1@llnl.gov RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1399 EP 1403 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1399 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HU UT WOS:000241512400017 ER PT J AU Kelly, ME Beavis, RC Fourney, DR Schultke, E Parham, C Juurlink, BHJ Zhong, Z Chapman, LD AF Kelly, Michael E. Beavis, R. Cole Fourney, Daryl R. Schueltke, Elisabeth Parham, Christopher Juurlink, Bernhard H. J. Zhong, Zhong Chapman, L. Dean TI Diffraction-enhanced imaging of the rat spine SO CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF RADIOLOGISTS JOURNAL-JOURNAL DE L ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES RADIOLOGISTES LA English DT Article DE diffraction enhanced imaging; spine; synchrotron ID BREAST-CANCER SPECIMENS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; RADIOGRAPHY; FUSION AB Introduction: Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) uses monochromatic synchrotron X-rays to image tissue. This technique has been shown to produce superior bony and soft tissue characterization when compared with conventional absorption radiography. Application of this imaging modality is under investigation, and this study represents the first DEI analysis of the vertebral column. Methods: Four male Wistar rats were studied. Spine muscle blocks were imaged in 3 of the rats after thoracic laminectomy (n = 1), after lumbar laminectomy (n = 1), and in a control condition (n = 1). The fourth rat was imaged as a whole animal control. Conventional radiography and synchrotron-supported DEI at 40 keV were performed on all specimens. We compared images side by side, using a nonvalidated subjective assessment technique. Results: DEI produced superior visualization of the vertebral anatomy, compared with conventional absorption radiography for all specimens. Greater bony and soft tissue detail was noted, with improved image contrast. In addition to imaging the anatomical structures, DEI showed the polyglactin suture material used for fascial closure in the 2 animals that underwent surgery. Artifact from air bubbles was present on DEI images but not on plain radiographs. Conclusions: This represents the first use of DEI, a novel imaging modality, to image the vertebral column. It provides excellent anatomic detail with superior contrast and visualization of both bone and soft tissue when compared with conventional radiography. Future applications of this investigational technique may include analysis of spinal fusion as well as degenerative and neoplastic conditions of the spine. C1 Cleveland Clin, Dept Neurosurg, Sect Cerebrovasc & Endovasc Neurosurg, Cleveland, OH 44122 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Royal Univ Hosp, Div Orthopaed Surg, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Royal Univ Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kelly, ME (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Dept Neurosurg, Sect Cerebrovasc & Endovasc Neurosurg, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44122 USA. EM mebkelly@gmail.com RI Schultke, Elisabeth/M-3959-2013; Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVENUE WEST, STE 701, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0846-5371 J9 CAN ASSOC RADIOL J JI Can. Assoc. Radiol. J.-J. Assoc. Can. Radiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 129SD UT WOS:000243749500001 PM 17128887 ER PT J AU Brugger, J Etschmann, B Chu, YS Harland, C Vogt, S Ryan, C Jones, H AF Brugger, Joel Etschmann, Barbara Chu, Yong S. Harland, Cathy Vogt, Stefan Ryan, Chris Jones, Hugh TI The oxidation state of europium in hydrothermal scheelite: In situ measurement by xanes spectroscopy SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES); scheelite; europium; oxidation state; rare-earth elements; elemental mapping; gold deposit ID ARCHEAN GOLD DEPOSITS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; COMPTON-SCATTERING; KALGOORLIE; SYSTEMS; PIXE; LUMINESCENCE; CHARLOTTE AB X-ray microfluorescence and EuL3 micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were conducted to determine the distribution and valence state of europium in two samples of scheelite (CaWO4) containing between 40 and 350 ppm Eu. The samples come from hydrothermal gold deposits: the Archean Drysdale deposit in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (DRY]) and the Caledonian, intrusion-related Stepnyak deposit in Kazakhstan (USP31). Laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses reveal that both samples are characterized by bell-shape chondrite-normalized REE patterns with a maximum enrichment around Eu, and a small positive or no Eu anomaly. USP31 displays a complex zoning between this pattern and a strongly LREE-enriched pattern with a strong positive Eu-anomaly. The XANES spectroscopy reveals the coexistence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ in both scheelite samples DRY I and USP31. The oxidation of Eu in USP31 appears to be inhomogeneous within a single crystal, with zones containing a mixture of Eu2+ and Eu3+ and zones containing more than 90% Eu2+. This Study shows that it is possible to obtain semiquantitative element-distribution maps for LREE as well as, in optimal conditions, EuL3 XANES spectra on a bending magnet beamline equipped with a solid-state detector. C1 Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. CSIRO Exploriat & Min, S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, ANSTO, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CSIRO Explorat & Min, Sch Geosci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Brugger, J (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM joel.brugger@adelaide.edu.au RI Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Etschmann, Barbara/H-7731-2012; Brugger, Joel/C-7113-2008; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Brugger, Joel/0000-0003-1510-5764; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.5.1079 PN 5 PG 9 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 103JS UT WOS:000241882100005 ER PT J AU Finch, RJ Burns, PC Hawthorne, FC Ewing, RC AF Finch, Robert J. Burns, Peter C. Hawthorne, Frank C. Ewing, Rodney C. TI Refinement of the crystal structure of billietite, Ba [(UO2)(6) O-4 (OH)(6)] (H2O)(8) SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE billietite; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; uranyl oxide hydrate of Ba; uranium ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; URANYL OXIDE HYDRATE; URANIUM; CHEMISTRY; BECQUERELITE; CORROSION; MINERALS; COMPREIGNACITE; 90-DEGREES-C AB The crystal structure of billietite, Ba [(UO2)(6)O-4(OH)(6)](H2O)(8), orthorhombic, space group Pbn2(1), a 12.0941(8), b 30.211(2), c 7.1563(5) angstrom, V 2614.7(4) angstrom(3), Z = 4, has been refined to an R-1 index of 3.4% for 4918 unique observed (vertical bar F-o vertical bar > 4 sigma F) reflections measured with MoK alpha X-radiation and a diffractometer fitted with a CCD detector. The structure consists of anionic [(UO2)(6) O-4 (OH)(6)](2-) sheets, linked by interstitial Ba atoms and (H2O) groups. There are two crystallographically distinct structural sheets and eight interlayer (H2O) groups in billietite. Four (H2O) groups are bonded to the interlayer Ba atoms, and the remaining four (H2O) groups are not bonded to a cation, but are held in the structure by a network of hydrogen bonds. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Finch, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM frank_hawthorne@umanitoba.ca RI Hawthorne, Frank/F-6864-2011; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013 OI Hawthorne, Frank/0000-0001-6405-9931; Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.44.5.1197 PN 5 PG 9 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 103JS UT WOS:000241882100016 ER PT J AU Dash, R Chmiola, J Yushin, G Gogotsi, Y Laudisio, G Singer, J Fischer, J Kucheyev, S AF Dash, Ranjan Chmiola, John Yushin, Gleb Gogotsi, Yury Laudisio, Giovanna Singer, Jonathan Fischer, John Kucheyev, Sergei TI Titanium carbide derived nanoporous carbon for energy-related applications SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Carbon for Energy Storage and Environment Protection CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Orleans, FRANCE DE porous carbon; etching; adsorption; BET surface area; electron microscopy; small angle X-ray scattering ID PORE-SIZE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; ADSORPTION; POROSITY; SPECTRA AB High surface area nanoporous carbon has been prepared by thermo-chemical etching of titanium carbide TiC in chlorine in the temperature range 200-1200 degrees C. Structural analysis showed that this carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was highly disordered at all synthesis temperatures. Higher temperature resulted in increasing ordering and formation of bent graphene sheets or thin graphitic ribbons. Soft X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy demonstrated that CDC consisted mostly of sp(2) bonded carbon. Small-angle X-ray scattering and argon sorption measurements showed that the uniform carbon-carbon distance in cubic TiC resulted in the formation of small pores with a narrow size distribution at low synthesis temperatures; synthesis temperatures above 800 degrees C resulted in larger pores. CDC produced at 600-800 degrees C show great potential for energy-related applications. Hydrogen sorption experiments at -195.8 degrees C and atmospheric pressure showed a maximum gravimetric capacity of similar to 330 cm(3)/g (3.0 wt. %). Methane sorption at 25 degrees C demonstrated a maximum capacity above 46 cm(3)/g (45 vol/vol or 3.1 wt.%) at atmospheric pressure. When tested as electrodes for supercapacitors with an organic electrolyte, the hydrogen-treated CDC showed specific capacitance up to 130 F/g with no degradation after 10000 cycles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gogotsi, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM fischer@seas.upenn.edu RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; wu, peng/E-4864-2012; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013 OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Yushin, Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265 NR 29 TC 212 Z9 216 U1 10 U2 109 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2497 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.04.035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 088LK UT WOS:000240813000018 ER PT J AU Contreras, AM Yan, XM Kwon, S Bokor, J Somorjai, GA AF Contreras, A. M. Yan, X. -M. Kwon, S. Bokor, J. Somorjai, G. A. TI Catalytic CO oxidation reaction studies on lithographically fabricated platinum nanowire arrays with different oxide supports SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO oxidation; platinum nanowires; model catalysis ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MODEL CATALYSTS; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; ALUMINA CATALYSTS; CERIA; SILICA; NANOFABRICATION; SURFACES; OXYGEN AB Deep-ultraviolet lithography has been coupled with size-reduction and nanoimprint lithography to create high-density arrays of 20-nm wide platinum nanowires supported on oxide thin films of silica, alumina, zirconia, and ceria. These nanowire arrays have been used as two-dimensional platinum model catalyst systems to study the effects of support on catalytic activity during the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide. Strong support dependence is seen for both reaction turnover frequency and the measured activation energy. In addition, the stability of the nanowire arrays under reaction conditions shows support dependence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat & Chem Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Contreras, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10562-006-0123-x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 089QY UT WOS:000240896900002 ER PT J AU Schelle, MW Bertozzi, CR AF Schelle, Michael W. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Sulfate metabolism in mycobacteria SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; cell recognition; glycolipids; mycobacteria; sulfation ID SYMBIOTIC HOST-SPECIFICITY; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER; SULFOLIPID-I; ATP-SULFURYLASE; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; GENE ENCODES AB Pathogenic bacteria have developed numerous mechanisms to survive inside a hostile host environment. The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is thought to control the human immune response with diverse biomolecules, including a variety of exotic lipids. One prevalent M. tb-specific sulfated metabolite, termed sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), has been correlated with virulence though its specific biological function is not known. Recent advances in our understanding of SL-1 biosynthesis will help elucidate the role of this curious metabolite in M. tb infection. Furthermore, the study of SL-1 has led to questions regarding the significance of sulfation in mycobacteria. Examples of sulfated metabolites as mediators of interactions between bacteria and plants suggest that sulfation is a key modulator of extrocellular signaling between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The discovery of novel sulfated metabolites in M. tb and related mycobacteria strengthens this hypothesis. Finally, mechanistic and structural data from sulfate-assimilation enzymes hove revealed how M. tb controls the flux of sulfate in the cell. Mutants with defects in sulfate assimilation indicate that the fate of sulfur in M. tb is a critical survival determinant for the bacteria during infection and suggest novel targets for tuberculosis drug therapy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu NR 78 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD OCT PY 2006 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.1002/cbic.200600224 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 096QR UT WOS:000241392400005 PM 16933356 ER PT J AU Amantini, G Frank, JH Smooke, MD Gomez, A AF Amantini, Giuliano Frank, Jonathan H. Smooke, Mitchell D. Gomez, Alessandro TI Computational and experimental study of standing methane edge flames in the two-dimensional axisymmetric counterflow geometry SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE edge; vorticity-velocity formulation; counterflow; triple; diffusion; premixed; flame; computational combustion ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; TRIPLE FLAME; MIXING LAYERS; JET; PROPAGATION; EXTINCTION; STABILIZATION; DYNAMICS; UNSTEADY; NUMBER AB The structure of steady methane/enriched-air edge flames established in an axisymmetric, laminar counterflow configuration was investigated computationally and experimentally. Computationally, the steady-state equations were solved implicitly in a modified vorticity-velocity formulation on a nonstaggered, nonuniform grid, with detailed chemistry and transport. Experimental boundary conditions were chosen to establish flames with a hole centered at the axis of symmetry, the location where the largest strain rate occurs, in order to investigate the structure of the edge flame established at the outer periphery of the hole. Experimentally, CO PLIF, OH PLIF, and an observable proportional to the forward reaction rate (RR) of the reaction CO + CH -> CO2 + H were measured. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to characterize the velocity field in the proximity of the fuel and oxidizer nozzles and to provide detailed boundary conditions for the simulations. Qualitatively, the flow field can be partitioned into two zones: a nonreactive counterflow region bound by two recirculation zones attached at the exits of the inlet nozzles, which aid mixing of products and reactants upstream of the edge flame; and a reactive region, where a premixed edge flame provides the stabilization mechanism for a trailing diffusion flame. Comparisons between the experimental and the computational data yielded quantitative agreement for all measured quantities. Further, we investigated the structure of the computational edge flames. We identified the most significant heat-release reactions for each of the flame branches. Finally, we examined correlations among the propagation speed of the edge flame and curvature and mixture fraction gradient by varying the global strain rate of the flame. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gomez, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, POB 208286, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM alessandro.gomez@yale.edu NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.05.006 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 097JC UT WOS:000241442300012 ER PT J AU Singer, MA Pope, SB Najm, HN AF Singer, Michael A. Pope, Stephen B. Najm, Habib N. TI Modeling unsteady reacting flow with operator splitting and ISAT SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE flame/vortex interaction; ISAT; premixed flame; Runge-Kutta; Strang splitting ID DETAILED CHEMISTRY; STRAIN-RATE; CURVATURE AB We examine the utility of in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) for the simulation of two-dimensional unsteady laminar reacting flow. The numerical scheme used to solve the low-Mach-number reacting flow equations is an operator-split projection scheme which incorporates ISAT by a Strang subsplitting procedure. The scheme is parallelized using a combination of OpenMP and MPI. ISAT is used for the pure reaction substeps, while convection and diffusion are treated explicitly by a stabilized Runge-Kutta method. We apply the scheme to a two-dimensional problem involving a laminar premixed methane-air flame interacting with a counterrotating vortex pair using detailed GRIMech3.0 chemical kinetics. Computational performance is examined; we observe an overall speed-up factor due to ISAT of approximately 2.5-3. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Appl Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Singer, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM msinger@mit.edu RI Pope, Stephen/F-6268-2011 OI Pope, Stephen/0000-0001-5629-0420 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2006 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.06.007 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 097JC UT WOS:000241442300013 ER PT J AU Vladimirova, N Weirs, VG Ryzhik, L AF Vladimirova, Natalia Weirs, V. Gregory Ryzhik, Lenya TI Flame capturing with an advection-reaction-diffusion model SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE flame modelling; diffuse interface; compressible flow; supernova ID OPEN V-FLAME; PREMIXED FLAMES; PROPAGATION; SIMULATIONS; CODE AB We conduct several verification tests of the advection-reaction-diffusion flame-capturing model, developed by Khokhlov in 1995 for subsonic nuclear burning fronts in supernova simulations. We find that energy conservation is satisfied, but there is systematic error in the computed flame speed due to thermal expansion, which was neglected in the original model. We decouple the model from the full system, determine the necessary corrections for thermal expansion, and then demonstrate that these corrections produce the correct flame speed. The flame-capturing model is an alternative to other popular interface tracking techniques, and might be useful for applications beyond astrophysics. C1 Univ Chicago, ASC Flash Ctr, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Shock & Multiphys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Math, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Vladimirova, N (reprint author), Univ Chicago, ASC Flash Ctr, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM nata@flash.uchicago.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 EI 1741-3559 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 727 EP 747 DI 10.1080/13647830500464146 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 109WT UT WOS:000242341000001 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA O Nuallain, B Robinson, BA Bouten, W Dekker, SC Sloot, PMA AF Vrugt, Jasper A. O Nuallain, Breanndan Robinson, Bruce A. Bouten, Willem Dekker, Stefan C. Sloot, Peter M. A. TI Application of parallel computing to stochastic parameter estimation in environmental models SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE optimization; model; hydrology; bird migration; octave; message passing interface ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; BIRD MIGRATION; CALIBRATION; MINIMIZATION; SIMULATION AB Parameter estimation or model calibration is a common problem in many areas of process modeling, both in on-line applications such as real-time flood forecasting, and in off-line applications such as the modeling of reaction kinetics and phase equilibrium. The goal is to determine values of model parameters that provide the best fit to measured data, generally based on some type of least-squares or maximum likelihood criterion. Usually, this requires the solution of a non-linear and frequently non-convex optimization problem. In this paper we describe a user-friendly, computationally efficient parallel implementation of the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM-UA) global optimization algorithm for stochastic estimation of parameters in environmental models. Our parallel implementation takes better advantage of the computational power of a distributed computer system. Three case studies of increasing complexity demonstrate that parallel parameter estimation results in a considerable time savings when compared with traditional sequential optimization runs. The proposed method therefore provides an ideal means to solve complex optimization problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Sect Computat Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci Computat Bio & Phys Geog, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Environm Sci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Vrugt, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vrugt@lanl.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010; Dekker, Stefan/F-5581-2013; Sloot, Peter/B-3078-2014 OI Dekker, Stefan/0000-0001-7764-2464; Sloot, Peter/0000-0002-3848-5395 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.015 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 083MW UT WOS:000240461100012 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW Winne, CT Scott, DE Willson, JD Glaudas, X Andrews, KM Todd, BD Fedewa, LA Wilkinson, L Tsaliagos, RN Harper, SJ Greene, JL Tuberville, TD Metts, BS Dorcast, ME Nestor, JP Young, CA Akre, T Reed, RN Buhlmann, KA Norman, J Croshaw, DA Hagen, C Rothermel, BB AF Gibbons, J. Whitfield Winne, Christopher T. Scott, David E. Willson, John D. Glaudas, Xavier Andrews, Kimberly M. Todd, Brian D. Fedewa, Luke A. Wilkinson, Lucas Tsaliagos, Ria N. Harper, Steven J. Greene, Judith L. Tuberville, Tracey D. Metts, Brian S. Dorcast, Michael E. Nestor, John P. Young, Cameron A. Akre, Tom Reed, Robert N. Buhlmann, Kurt A. Norman, Jason Croshaw, Dean A. Hagen, Cris Rothermel, Betsie B. TI Remarkable amphibian biomass and abundance in an isolated wetland: Implications for wetland conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; biodiversity; drought; land use; wettand recovery ID LANDSCAPE COMPOSITION; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; TERRESTRIAL HABITAT; TURTLE POPULATIONS; LOCAL-POPULATIONS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TEMPORARY POND; RAINBOW BAY; SALAMANDERS; ECOLOGY AB Despite the continuing loss of wetland habitats and associated declines in amphibian populations, attempts to translate wetland losses into measurable losses to ecosystems have been lacking. We estimated the potential productivity from the amphibian community that would be compromised by the loss of a single isolated wetland that has been protected from most industrial, agricultural, and urban impacts for the past 54 years. We used a continuous drift fence at Ellenton Bay, a 10-ha freshwater wetland on the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina (U.S.A.), to sample all amphibians for 1 year following a prolonged drought. Despite intensive agricultural use of the land surrounding Ellenton Bay prior to 1951, we documented 24 species and remarkably high numbers and biomass of juvenile amphibians (> 360,000 individuals; > 1,400 kg) produced during one breeding season. Anurans (17 species) were more abundant than salamanders (7 species), comprising 96.4% of individual captures. Most (95.9%) of the amphibian biomass came from 232095 individuals of a single species of anuran (southern leopard frog/Rana sphenocephalal). Our results revealed the resilience of an amphibian community to natural stressors and historical habitat alteration and the potential magnitude of biomass and energy transfer from isolated wetlands to surrounding terrestrial habitat We attributed the postdrought success of amphibians to a combination of adult longevity (often > 5 years), a reduction in predator abundance, and an abundance of larval food resources. Likewise, the increase of forest cover around Ellenton Bay from < 20% in 1951 to > 60% in 2001 probably contributed to the longterm Persistence of amphibians at this site. Our findings provide an optimistic counterpoint to the issue of the global decline of biological diversity by demonstrating that conservation efforts can mitigate historical habitat degradation. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Partners Amphibian & Reptile Conservat, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Wayland Baptist Univ, Anchorage, AK 99504 USA. Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. So Utah Univ, Dept Biol, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM gibbons@srel.edu RI Rothermel, Betsie/L-6774-2013; OI Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791 NR 60 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 79 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1465 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00443.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091LY UT WOS:000241031600017 PM 17002763 ER PT J AU Paulauskas, IE Brady, MP Meyer, HM Buchanan, RA Walker, LR AF Paulauskas, I. E. Brady, M. P. Meyer, H. M., III Buchanan, R. A. Walker, L. R. TI Corrosion behavior of CrN, Cr2N and pi phase surfaces on nitrided Ni-50Cr for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE metal coatings; polarization; acid corrosion; oxidation; selective oxidation ID SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; CHROMIUM NITRIDE; NI-CR; THERMAL NITRIDATION; STAINLESS-STEELS; COATINGS; ALLOYS; GENERATION; SYSTEM AB The relationships between nitridation, microstructure and corrosion were studied for a thermally nitrided model Ni-50Cr (wt.%) alloy to gain insight into the protection of metallic bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Surface layers containing CrN, Cr2N or ternary Cr-Ni-N pi phase nitride were formed, dependent on the nitridation conditions. Studies in aerated pH 3 sulfuric acid at 80 degrees C indicated that the best corrosion resistance was exhibited by CrN + Cr2N surface layers, which were more corrosion resistant than Ni-50Cr metal, Cr metal, and nitrided Cr. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated oxygen enrichment of the polarized surfaces in the form of Cr-oxide and Cr-oxynitride species. Such oxygen enrichment does not appear to result in detrimental increases in interfacial contact resistance/electrical properties of the surface. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; 李, 应辉/A-7739-2011 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; NR 32 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 10 BP 3157 EP 3171 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2005.10.019 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 099TK UT WOS:000241618700019 ER PT J AU Gerdes, S Edwards, R Kubal, M Fonstein, M Stevens, R Osterman, A AF Gerdes, Svetlana Edwards, Robert Kubal, Michael Fonstein, Michael Stevens, Rick Osterman, Andrei TI Essential genes on metabolic maps SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GLOBAL TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; CONDITIONALLY ESSENTIAL GENES; ESSENTIAL BACTERIAL GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SCALE IDENTIFICATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; INTERACTION NETWORK AB Within the past five years genome-scale gene essentiality data sets have been published for ten diverse bacterial species. These data are a rich source of information about cellular networks that we are only beginning to explore. The analysis of these data, very heterogeneous in nature, is a challenging task. Even the definition of 'essential genes' in various genome-scale studies varies from genes 'absolutely required for survival' to those 'strongly contributing to fitness' and robust competitive growth. A comparative analysis of gene essentiality across multiple organisms based on projection of experimentally observed essential genes to functional roles in a collection of metabolic pathways and subsystems is emerging as a powerful tool of systems biology. C1 Interpretat Genome, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. San Diego State Univ, Ctr Microbial Sci, San Diego, CA 92813 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cleveland BioLabs Inc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Gerdes, S (reprint author), Interpretat Genome, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. EM sveta@thefig.info FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-R01-AI059146-01A2]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200400042C] NR 52 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.08.006 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 099GE UT WOS:000241580500003 PM 16978855 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Munoz-Barrutia, A Barcellos-Hoff, MH Ortiz-De-Solorzano, C AF Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Munoz-Barrutia, Arrate Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Carlos TI Quantitative in vivo microscopy: the return from the 'omics' SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; THICK TISSUE-SECTIONS; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; LIVING CELLS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SEGMENTATION; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION; 2-PHOTON MICROSCOPY; HUMAN TRANSCRIPTOME; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The confluence of recent advances in microscopy instrumentation and image analysis, coupled with the widespread use of GFP-like proteins as reporters of gene expression, has opened the door to high-throughput in vivo studies that can provide the morphological and temporal context to the biochemical pathways regulating cell function. We are now able to quantify the concentration and three-dimensional distribution of multiple spectrally resolved GFP-tagged proteins. Using automatic segmentation and tracking we can then measure the dynamics of the processes in which these elements are involved. In this way, parallel studies are feasible where multiple cell colonies treated with drugs or gene expression repressors can be monitored and analyzed to study the dynamics of relevant biological processes. C1 Univ Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona 31008, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UC Berkeley UC San Francisco Joint Grad Grp Bioen, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ortiz-De-Solorzano, C (reprint author), Univ Navarra, CIMA, Pio XII 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain. EM codesolorzano@unav.es RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/F-6145-2012; Munoz-Barrutia, Arrate/G-1776-2016 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; Munoz-Barrutia, Arrate/0000-0002-1573-1661 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U01ES012801] NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.07.005 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 099GE UT WOS:000241580500011 PM 16899361 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM Tien, J AF Nelson, Celeste M. Tien, Joe TI Microstructured extracellular matrices in tissue engineering and development SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANCHORAGE-DEPENDENT FIBROBLASTS; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; BASAL LAMINA; BLOOD-VESSELS; GROWTH-FACTOR; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; SHAPE; GLAND; FABRICATION AB Microscale heterogeneity in the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides spatial information that allows tissues to develop and function properly in vivo. This heterogeneity in composition (chemistry) and structure (geometry) creates distinct microenvironments for the cells that comprise a tissue. In response, populations of cells can coordinate their behaviors across micrometer-to-millimeter length scales to function as a unified whole. We believe techniques to mimic the microscale heterogeneity of the ECM in vitro will revolutionize studies that examine how large groups of cells interact. Micropatterned ECMs used for engineering perfused microvascular networks and functional epidermis and for understanding symmetry-breaking events in epithelial morphogenesis illustrate potential applications in tissue engineering and development. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmnelson@lbl.gov; jtien@bu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA64786, CA57621]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002228, EB003157] NR 65 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 10 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.08.011 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 099GE UT WOS:000241580500013 PM 16971111 ER PT J AU Myles, DAA AF Myles, Dean A. A. TI Neutron protein crystallography: current status and a brighter future SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OF-FLIGHT NEUTRON; D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE; B-DNA DECAMER; X-RAY; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; LAUE DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-ATOMS AB Hydrogen atoms are rarely seen in X-ray protein crystal structures, but are readily visualized by neutron crystallography, even at typical (1.5-2.5 angstrom) resolutions. Recent advances in neutron beamlines and deuterium labeling technologies have dramatically extended the scale and range of structures studied. High-quality neutron data can be collected to near atomic resolution (similar to 1.5-2.5 angstrom) for proteins of 50-175 kDa molecular weight, from perdeuterated samples, from crystals with volumes of 0.1 mm(3) and at cryogenic temperatures (15K). These structures are providing unique and complementary insights into hydrogen-bonding interactions, protonation states, catalytic mechanisms and hydration states of biological structures that are not available from X-ray analysis alone. The new generation of spallation neutron sources promises further 10-50-fold gains in performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mylesda@ornl.gov RI myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 NR 61 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.08.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 102YK UT WOS:000241849400012 PM 16963258 ER PT J AU Silks, LA AF Silks, Louis A. Pete TI Advances in asymmetric synthesis using organoselenium chemistry SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Biotechnol Spect & Isotope Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Biotechnol Spect & Isotope Chem Grp, MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 15 BP 1891 EP 1891 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 085DT UT WOS:000240584200001 ER PT J AU Kimball, DB Silks, LA AF Kimball, David B. Silks, Louis A. Pete, III TI Current progress in the acetate/methyl ketone aldol reaction SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ACETYL THIAZOLIDINETHIONE REAGENT; TITANIUM-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; MANNICH-TYPE REACTIONS; CHIRAL METHYL KETONES; BETA-HYDROXY ESTERS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE ALDOL; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; STEREOSELECTIVE-SYNTHESIS; AMINO ACIDS; LEWIS-ACID AB The aldol reaction of acetate and methyl ketone-based donors with aldehyde acceptors is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on major advances reported in the last 10-15 years. Several methods for inducing chirality at the newly formed stereogenic center are discussed, including popular alternate methods for equivalent syntheses. Different methods for stereospecific synthesis are compared in terms of yield, selectivity, ease of synthesis, and applicability to both small molecule and large macrolide production. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kimball, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dkimball@lanl.gov; pete-silks@lanl.gov NR 105 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 10 IS 15 BP 1975 EP 1992 DI 10.2174/138527206778521268 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 085DT UT WOS:000240584200007 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Moon-Lee, SY Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, P. A. Moon-Lee, S. Y. Bissell, M. J. TI 3D models of EGFR-dependent breast cancer: mechanisms of activation, drug response and resistance SO DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4681 J9 DIFFERENTIATION JI Differentiation PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 MA O20 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 085KN UT WOS:000240603100023 ER PT J AU Fischback, MB Youn, JK Zhao, XY Wang, P Park, HG Chang, HN Kim, J Ha, S AF Fischback, Michael B. Youn, Jong Kyu Zhao, Xueyan Wang, Ping Park, Hyun Gyu Chang, Ho Nam Kim, Jungbae Ha, Su TI Miniature biofuel cells with improved stability under continuous operation SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE biofuel cells; crosslinked enzyme clusters; enzyme stabilization; carbon nanotubes; buffer ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; CATIONS; ION AB We have developed miniature biofuel cells (BFCs) with dimensions as small as 12 x 12 x 9 mm by adopting the design of stackable proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The enzymatic anodes were constructed by using stabilized glucose oxidase (GOx) in the form of crosslinked enzyme clusters (CECs) on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The combination of stabilized GOx and unbuffered fuel solution resulted in stabilized performance of miniature BFCs under continuous operation for more than 16 hours. This unprecedentedly high operational stability of miniature BFCs opens up new possibilities for many BFC applications. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & BioEngn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & BioEngn, 118 Dana Hall Spokane St, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Jungbae.Kim@pnl.gov; suha@wsu.edu RI PARK, HYUN GYU/C-1597-2011; Chang, HN/B-9351-2011 NR 17 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 19-20 BP 2016 EP 2022 DI 10.1002/elan.200603626 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 099UI UT WOS:000241621300022 ER PT J AU Xu, CK Killmeyer, R Gray, ML Khan, SUM AF Xu, Chengkun Killmeyer, Richard Gray, McMahan L. Khan, Shahed U. M. TI Enhanced carbon doping of n-TiO2 thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE photocatalysis; photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen; photoresponse; titanium dioxide; carbon doping ID DOPED TIO2; TITANIUM-OXIDES; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTORESPONSE; ELECTRODES; STATES AB Enhanced carbon doped n-TiO2 films were synthesized by spray pyrolysis of glucose containing TiCl4 ethanolic solution followed by calcination. Argon was found to be the most effective calcining ambient to enhance the carbon doping of n-TiO2 films. The resultant carbon modified n-TiO2 thin film calcined in Ar at the optimum temperature of 973 K contains 3.8 at% carbon and shows higher photoresponse in both UV and visible region compared to that calcined in air at the optimum temperature of 773 K that contains 2.3 at% carbon. The carbon modified n-TiO2 thin films are stable in the strongly oxidizing environment under illumination. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Natl Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Khan, SUM (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. EM khan@duq.edu RI Xu, Chengkun/D-8157-2011 NR 22 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1650 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.018 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 098NE UT WOS:000241528700018 ER PT J AU Said, A Sehlke, G Stevens, DK Glover, T Sorensen, D Walker, W Hardy, T AF Said, A. Sehlke, G. Stevens, D. K. Glover, T. Sorensen, D. Walker, W. Hardy, T. TI Exploring an innovative watershed management approach: From feasibility to sustainability SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY JUN 15-20, 2003 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE Bayesian networks; water quality; non-point sources; flow alteration; conservation schemes; groundwater remediation AB Watershed management is dedicated to solving watershed problems on a sustainable basis. Managing watershed development on a sustainable basis usually entails a balance between the needs of humans and nature, both in the present and in the future. From a watershed or water resources development basis, these problems can be classified into five general categories: lack of water quantity, deterioration in water quality, ecological impacts, weak public participation, and weak economic value. The first three categories can be combined to make up physical sustainability while the last two categories can be defined as social and economic sustainability. Therefore, integrated watershed management should be designed to achieve physical sustainability utilizing, to the greatest extent possible, public participation in an economically viable manner. This study demonstrates an innovative approach using scientific, social, and motivational feasibilities that can be used to improve watershed management. Scientific feasibility is tied to the nature of environmental problems and the scientific means to solve them. Social feasibility is associated with public participation. Motivational feasibility is related to economic stimulation for the stakeholders to take actions. The ecological impacts, lack of water quantity and deterioration in water quality are problems that need scientific means in order to improve watershed health. However, the implementation of these means is typically not achievable without the right public participation. In addition, public participation is typically accelerated by economic motivation for the stakeholders to use the resources in a manner that improves watershed health. The Big Lost River in south-central Idaho has been used as an illustration for implementing scientific, social and motivational feasibilities and in a manner that can achieve sustainability relative to water resources management. However, the same approach can be used elsewhere after appropriate modifications. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Utah State Univ, Civil & Environm Dept, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Econ, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Said, A (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM asaid@eng.usf.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 13 SI 2 BP 2373 EP 2386 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2006.02.002 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 098MF UT WOS:000241524000014 ER PT J AU Sahin, S Abderrahim, HA Martinez-Val, J Moir, R AF Sahin, Sumer Abderrahim, Hamid Ait Martinez-Val, Jose Moir, Ralph TI ICENES'2005, 12th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems, August 21-26, 2005, Brussels (Belgium) SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Gazi Univ, Tekn Egitim Fak, TR-06503 Ankara, Turkey. CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI, Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sahin, S (reprint author), Gazi Univ, Tekn Egitim Fak, TR-06503 Ankara, Turkey. EM sumer@gazi.edu.tr RI SAHIN, Sumer/C-6252-2013; Martinez-Val, Jose/D-3871-2013 OI SAHIN, Sumer/0000-0003-2844-8061; Martinez-Val, Jose/0000-0002-6325-6981 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 47 IS 17 SI SI BP 2693 EP 2694 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2006.02.001 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 066BQ UT WOS:000239204900001 ER PT J AU Wagner, F Sathaye, JA AF Wagner, F Sathaye, JA TI Sharing the burden of climate change stabilization: An energy sector perspective SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE climate mitigation; burden sharing; stabilization AB In this paper we discuss long-term least cost CO2 stabilization scenarios based on the SRES AIM A1B scenario in the context of an international burden-sharing regime. Starting from a stabilization target, regional emission caps are formulated dynamically on the basis of past emissions. With these regional caps, the cost-optimal supply fuel mix in the energy sector in the four SRES world regions is calculated, and lower bounds on the volume of traded carbon are estimated. The allocation scheme provides incentives for early mitigation action. We estimate additional regional costs incurred by the allocation scheme, and assess the sensitivity of results to changes in the concentration ceiling, discount rates, and start date for burden sharing. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wagner, F (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM WagnerF@iiasa.ac.at; JASathaye@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 15 BP 2217 EP 2231 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2005.03.013 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054WI UT WOS:000238408900023 ER PT J AU Wang, M AF Wang, Michael TI Learning from the Brazilian biofuel experience SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 AR 011002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/011002 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V44AN UT WOS:000202975700003 ER PT J AU Geets, J Vanbroekhoven, K Borremans, B Vangronsveld, J Diels, L Van der Lelie, D AF Geets, Joke Vanbroekhoven, Karolien Borremans, Brigitte Vangronsveld, Jaco Diels, Ludo van der Lelie, Daniel TI Column experiments to assess the effects of electron donors on the efficiency of in situ precipitation of Zn, Cd, Co and Ni in contaminated groundwater applying the biological sulfate removal technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; biological sulfate reduction; bioremediation; contaminated groundwater; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR); dissolved organic carbon (DOC); in situ metal precipitation (ISMP); sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SULFIDE PRODUCTION; REDUCING BACTERIA; BIOGENIC SULFIDE; METAL MOBILITY; HEAVY-METALS; WASTE-WATER AB ']Background, Aims and Scope. In a previous study, we explored the use of acetate, lactate, molasses, Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC (R), which is based on a biodegradable poly-lactate ester), methanol and ethanol as carbon source and electron donor to promote bacterial sulfate reduction in batch experiments, this with regards to applying an in situ metal precipitation (ISMP) process as a remediation tool to treat heavy metal contaminated groundwater at the site of a nonferrous metal work company. Based on the results of these batch tests, column experiments were conducted with lactate, molasses and HRC (R) as the next step in our preliminary study for a go-no go decision for dimensioning an on site application of the ISMP process that applies the activity of the endogenous population of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Special attention was given to the sustainability of the metal precipitation process under circumstances of changing chemical oxygen demand (COD) to [SO42-] ratios or disrupted substrate supply. Methods. To optimize the ISMP process, an insight is needed in the composition and activity of the indigenous SRB community, as well as information on the way its composition and activity are affected by process conditions such as the added type of C-source/electron donor, or the presence of other prokaryotes (e.g. fermenting bacteria, methane producing Archaea, acetogens). Therefore, the biological sulfate reduction process in the column experiments was evaluated by combining classical analytical methods [measuring heavy metal concentration, SO42- -concentration, pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with molecular methods [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and phylogenetic sequence analysis] based on either the 16S rRNA-gene or the dsr (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) gene, the latter being a specific biomarker for SRB. Results and Discussion. All carbon sources tested promoted SRB activity, which resulted within 8 weeks in a drastic reduction of the sulfate and heavy metal contents in the column effluents. However, unexpected temporal decreases in the efficiency of the ISMP process, accompanied by the release of precipitated metals, were observed for most conditions tested. The most dramatic observation of the failing ISMP process was observed within 12 weeks for the molasses amended column. Subsequent lowering the COD/SO42- ratio from 1.9 to 0.4 did not alter the outcome of sulfate reduction and metal precipitation efficiency in this set-up. Remarkably, after 6 months of inactivity, bacterial sulfate reduction was recovered in the molasses set up when the original COD/SO42- ratio of 1.9 was applied again. Intentional disruption of the lactate and HRC (R) supplies resulted in an immediate stagnation of the ISMP processes and in a rapid release of precipitated metals into the column effluents. However, the ISMP process could be restored after substrate amendment. 16S rDNA-based DGGE analysis revealed that the SRB population, in accordance with the results of the previously performed batch experiments, consisted exclusively of members of the genus Desulfosporosinus. The community of Archaea was characterized by sequencing amplicons of archaeal and methanogen-specific PCR reactions. This approach only revealed the presence of non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota, a novel group of organisms which is only distantly related to methane producing Euryarchaeota. DGGE on the dsrB genes was successfully used to link the results of the ISMP process to the community composition of the sulfate reducing bacteria. Conclusions. In the case of an intentional disruption of substrate supply, the. ISMP process failed most likely because the growth and activity of the indigenous SRB community stopped due to a lack of a carbon and electron donor. On the other hand, the cause of the sudden temporal shortcomings of the ISMP process in the presence of different substrates was not immediately clear. It was first thought to be the result of competition between methanogenic prokaryotes (MP) and sulfate reducers, since the formation of small amounts of CH4 (0.01-0.03 ppm ml(-1)) was detected. However, the results of molecular analyzes indicate that methanogens do not constitute a major fraction of the microbial communities that were enriched in the column experiments. Therefore, we postulate that the SRB population becomes inhibited by the formed metal sulfides. Recommendation and Perspective. Our results indicate that the ISMP process is highly dependent on SRB-stimulation by substrate amendments and suggest that this remedial approach might not be viable for long-term application unless substrate amendments are continued and environmental conditions are strictly controlled. This will include the removal of affected aquifer material from the metal precipitation zone at the end of the remediation process, or removal of metal precipitates when the microbial activity decreases. Additional tests are necessary to investigate what will happen when clear groundwater passes through the reactive zone while no more C-sources are amended and all indigenous carbon is consumed. Also, the effects of dramatic increases in sulfate- or HM-concentrations on the SRB-community and the concomitant ISMP process need to be studied in more detail. C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res, Dept Environm & Proc Technol, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Limburgs Univ Ctr, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Diels, L (reprint author), Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Flemish Inst Technol Res, Dept Environm & Proc Technol, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM ludo.diels@vito.be; vdlelied@bnl.gov OI vanbroekhoven, karolien/0000-0003-1173-6497 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 49 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 6 BP 362 EP 378 DI 10.1065/espr2005.08.279 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107TZ UT WOS:000242195200002 PM 17120826 ER PT J AU Yoon, TH Benzerara, K Ahn, S Luthy, RG Tyliszczak, T Brown, GE AF Yoon, Tae Hyun Benzerara, Karim Ahn, Sungwoo Luthy, Richard G. Tyliszczak, Tolek Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Nanometer-scale chemical heterogeneities of black carbon materials and their impacts on PCB sorption properties: Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOOT-LIKE MATERIALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; IN-SITU; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectromicroscopy was used to probe nanometer-scale chemical heterogeneities of black carbon (BC) materials, including anthracite coal, coke, and activated carbon (AC), and to study their impact on the partitioning of one type of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-166: 2,3,4,4, 5,6 hexachloro biphenyl) onto AC particles. Various carbon species (e.g., aromatic, ketonic/phenolic, and carboxylic functional groups) were found in all of the BC materials examined, and impurities (e.g., carbonate and potassium ions in anthracite coal) were identified in nanometer-scale regions of these samples. We show that these chemical heterogeneities in AC particles influence their sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). PCB-166 was found to accumulate preferentially on AC particles with the highest content of aromatic functionalities. These new findings from X-ray spectromicroscopy have the following implications for the role of BC materials in the environment: (1) the functional groups of BC materials vary on a 25-nanometer scale, and so does the abundance of the HOCs; (2) molecular-level characterization of HOC sorption preferences on AC will lead to an improved understanding of AC sorption properties for the remediation of HOCs in soils and sediments. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. CNRS, UMR 7590, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris, France. Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu RI Benzerara, Karim/J-1532-2016; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016 OI Benzerara, Karim/0000-0002-0553-0137; NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5923 EP 5929 DI 10.1021/es060173+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000022 PM 17051780 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Powell, BA Gumapas, L Coates, JT Fjeld, RA Diprete, DP AF Kaplan, Daniel I. Powell, Brian A. Gumapas, Leo Coates, John T. Fjeld, Robert A. Diprete, David P. TI Influence of pH on plutonium desorption/solubilization from sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT OXIDATION-STATES; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; GOETHITE; MINERALS; PU(IV); TUFF; IV AB Aqueous Pu concentrations and oxidation state transformations as a function of pH were quantified and compared between sorption/desorption studies and literature solubility values. When Pu(V) was added to a red subsurface sandy-clay-loam sediment collected near Aiken, South Carolina, 99% of the Pu sorbed to the sediment within 48 h. Throughout the study, >= 94% of the Pu-aq remained as Pu(V), whereas <= 6% was Pu(VI) and <= 1% was Pu(IV). This is in stark contrast to the sorbed Pu which was almost exclusively in the +4 oxidation state. The fraction of aqueous Pu (Pu-aq/Pu-solid) decreased by > 2 orders-of-magnitude when the contact time was increased from 1- to 33-days, presumably the result of Pu(V) reduction to Pu(IV). The desorption studies were conducted with a sediment that had been in contact with Pu (originally as Pu-IV(NO3)(4)) for 24 years. At near neutral pH, a decrease of 1- pH unit resulted in almost an order-of-magnitude increase in the concentration of Pu-aq (7.5 x 10(-10) M at pH 7 and 3.6 x 10(-9) M at pH 6). Similar to the sorption experiment, >= 96% of the Pu-aq was Pu(V/VI). The Pu-aq concentrations from the desorption experiment were similar to those of the Pu(V) amended sorption studies that were permitted to equilibrate for 33 days, suggesting that the latter had reached steady state. The Pu-aq concentrations as a function of pH followed near identical trends with literature solubility values for PuO2(am), except that the desorption values were lower by a fixed amount, suggesting either Pu sorption was occurring in this sediment system or that a more crystalline, less soluble form of Pu existed in the sediment than in the literature water-PuO2(am) system. Based on Pu sorption experiments and measured sediment surface charge properties as a function of pH, the latter explanation appears more likely. pH had a more pronounced effect on solubility and Pu-aq concentrations than on sediment charge density (or Puaq oxidation state distribution). Slight changes in system pH can have a large impact on Pu solubility and the tendency of Pu to sorb to sediment, thereby influencing Pu subsurface mobility. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM daniel.kaplan@srnl.doe.gov RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 5937 EP 5942 DI 10.1021/es060523s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000024 PM 17051782 ER PT J AU Ono, A Randrup, J AF Ono, A. Randrup, J. TI Dynamical models for fragment formation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ANTISYMMETRIZED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ONE-BODY DYNAMICS; CORRELATION OPERATOR METHOD; WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; NUCLEAR-DYNAMICS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; CLASSICAL SIMULATION; VLASOV EQUATION; QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS AB The various dynamical models for fragment formation in nuclear collisions are discussed in order to bring out their relative advantages and shortcomings. After discussing the general requirements for dynamical models that aim to describe fragment formation, we consider the various mean-field models that incorporate fluctuations and then turn to models based on molecular dynamics. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ono, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM ono@nucl.phys.tohoku.ac.jp NR 96 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10110-1 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 103RD UT WOS:000241903500010 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Bishop, A. R. TI Incomplete ferroelectricity in (SrTiO3)-O-18 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; POLARIZABILITY MODEL; ORDER-DISORDER; DISPLACIVE; ORIGIN; SRTIO3 AB Motivated by recent experiments demonstrating suppression of ferroelectricity with pressure in (SrTiO3)-O-18, the dynamics of the phase transition mechanism are reinvestigated within a nonlinear polarizability model. For temperatures far above the phase transition polar micro domains are formed which increase in size with decreasing temperature to freeze out at T-c without forming long range order. Experimentally, soft mode dynamics are simultaneously observed, evidencing that displacive and order/disorder features coexist. In the ferroelectric phase both components persist whereby an incomplete and inhomogeneous ferroelectric state is formed. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 3 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00373-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 099SA UT WOS:000241614600001 ER PT J AU Schieck, J Bethke, S Biebel, O Kluth, S Fernandez, PAM Pahl, C AF Schieck, J. Bethke, S. Biebel, O. Kluth, S. Fernandez, P. A. M. Pahl, C. CA JADE Collaboration TI Measurement of the strong coupling alpha(S) from the four-jet rate in e(+)e(-) annihilation using JADE data SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID QCD COLOR FACTORS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; E+E ANNIHILATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; PETRA ENERGIES; GLUON JETS; OBSERVABLES; DETECTOR; PHYSICS; LEP AB Data from e(+) e(-) annihilation into hadrons collected by the JADE experiment at centre-of-mass energies between 14 GeV and 44 GeV are used to study the four-jet event production rate as a function of the Durham jet algorithm's resolution parameter Ycut. The four-jet rate is compared to QCD next-to-leading order calculations including resummation of large logarithms in the next- to- leading logarithmic approximation. The strong coupling measured from the four-jet rate is S-alpha (M(Z)0) = 0.1159 +/- 0.0004(stat.) +/- 0.0012(exp.) +/- 0.0024(had.) +/- 0.0007(theo.) in agreement with the world average. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schieck, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. EM schieck@mppmu.mpg.de OI Finch, Alexander/0000-0002-5433-6031 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02625-4 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 163TJ UT WOS:000246185800001 ER PT J AU Andersen, JR Baranov, S Bartels, J Barnafoldi, GG Chachamis, G Collins, J Grindhammer, G Gustafson, G Hansson, M Ingelman, G Jung, H Jonsson, L Knutsson, A Kowalski, H Kutak, K Kyrieleis, A Levai, P Lipatov, A Lonnblad, L Lublinsky, M Marchesini, G Milcewicz, I Risler, C Sabio-Vera, A Sjodahl, M Stasto, A Turnau, J Watt, G Zotov, N AF Andersen, J. R. Baranov, S. Bartels, J. Barnafoldi, G. G. Chachamis, G. Collins, J. Grindhammer, G. Gustafson, G. Hansson, M. Ingelman, G. Jung, H. Jonsson, L. Knutsson, A. Kowalski, H. Kutak, K. Kyrieleis, A. Levai, P. Lipatov, A. Lonnblad, L. Lublinsky, M. Marchesini, G. Milcewicz, I. Risler, C. Sabio-Vera, A. Sjodahl, M. Stasto, A. Turnau, J. Watt, G. Zotov, N. CA Small x Collaboration TI Small-x phenomenology - Summary of the 3rd Lund small-x workshop in 2004 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; DOUBLE PARTON SCATTERING; INITIAL-STATE RADIATION; COLOR-SINGLET EXCHANGE; = 1.8 TEV; UNINTEGRATED GLUON DISTRIBUTIONS; TO-LEADING APPROXIMATION; CARLO GENERATOR CASCADE AB A third workshop on small-x physics, within the Small-x Collaboration, was held in Hamburg in May 2004 with the aim of overviewing recent theoretical progress in this area and summarizing the experimental status. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. KFKI RMKI, Budapest, Hungary. Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Lund, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. IPPP, Durham, England. RP Andersen, JR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM jung@mail.desy.de RI Lipatov, Artem/D-8464-2012; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Baranov, Sergey/M-6798-2015; Chachamis, Grigorios/B-3351-2017; OI Chachamis, Grigorios/0000-0003-0347-0879; Lonnblad, Leif/0000-0003-1269-1649; Watt, Graeme/0000-0003-0775-6604; Andersen, Jeppe/0000-0003-2594-2718; Sabio Vera, Agustin/0000-0003-0228-5313 NR 281 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 53 EP 105 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2006-02615-6 PG 53 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 163TJ UT WOS:000246185800005 ER PT J AU Epelbaum, E Hammer, HW Meissner, UG Nogga, A AF Epelbaum, E. Hammer, H.-W. Meissner, U.-G. Nogga, A. TI More on the infrared renormalization group limit cycle in QCD SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; RESONANTLY-INTERACTING PARTICLES; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; SHORT-RANGE INTERACTIONS; FEW-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; 3-BODY SYSTEM; ONE-LOOP; FORCES; SCATTERING; LAGRANGIANS AB We present a detailed study of the recently conjectured infrared renormalization group limit cycle in QCD using chiral effective field theory. It was conjectured that small increases in the up and down quark masses can move QCD to the critical trajectory for an infrared limit cycle in the three-nucleon system. At the critical quark masses, the binding energies of the deuteron and its spin-singlet partner are tuned to zero and the triton has infinitely many excited states with an accumulation point at the three-nucleon threshold. We exemplify three parameter sets where this effect occurs at next-to-leading order in the chiral counting. For one of them, we study the structure of the three-nucleon system in detail using both chiral and contact effective field theories. Furthermore, we investigate the matching of the chiral and contact theories in the critical region and calculate the influence of the limit cycle on three-nucleon scattering observables. C1 Jefferson Lab, Div Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys Theorie, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Epelbaum, E (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Div Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM epelbaum@jlab.org; hammer@itkp.uni-bonn.de; meissner@itkp.uni-bonn.de; a.nogga@fz-juelich.de RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0004-x PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 163TJ UT WOS:000246185800013 ER PT J AU Choi, JH Guest, JR Raithel, G AF Choi, J. -H. Guest, J. R. Raithel, G. TI Magnetic trapping of strongly-magnetized Rydberg atoms SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ultracold Plasma and Rydberg Systems (Ultracold PARYS) CY FEB 14-MAR 16, 2005 CL Gif sur Yvette, FRANCE ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM STATES; FIELDS; PLASMA AB Effective magnetic moments of drift Rydberg atoms in strong magnetic fields are obtained for different energy and angular-momentum states. Classical two-body trajectory calculations and quantum-mechanical one-body calculations are employed. For heavy atoms such as rubidium, the trapping dynamics can largely be explained by the net magnetic moment due to the cyclotron and the magnetron motion of the Rydberg electron. In light Rydberg atoms such as hydrogen, the intrinsic two-body nature of the dynamics becomes manifest in that the ionic motion significantly contributes to the effective magnetic moment. Also, light drift Rydberg atoms exhibit an anisotropic response to field-inhomogeneities parallel and transverse to the magnetic-field lines. The results are relevant to magnetic trapping of Rydberg atoms in strong-magnetic-field atom traps. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Choi, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM graithel@umich.edu RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009 OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00086-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 083RE UT WOS:000240475100004 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Lee, DW Preston, DL AF Levitas, V. I. Lee, D. W. Lee, D. L. TI Phase field theory of surface- and size-induced microstructures SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER BULK TRANSITIONS; GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY; DOMAIN-WALLS; SYSTEMS AB New surface- and size-induced microstructures are found as analytic solutions to a phase field theory of first-order phase transformations. A recently developed exact stability criterion, based on most destabilizing fluctuations, is used to analyze the stability and physical interpretation of each microstructure. Conditions for barrierless surface nucleation, i.e. relationship between surface energy, driving force for the transformation and sample size, are found. If they are met, some of these microstructures are destroyed resulting in the barrierless transformation to alternative phases. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Lee, Dong-Wook /D-2630-2011 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10229-y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086MM UT WOS:000240677500013 ER PT J AU Eriksson, O Wills, JM AF Eriksson, O. Wills, J. M. TI Comment on "Nature of non-magnetic strongly-correlated state in delta-plutonium" by L. V. Pourovskii et al. SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Letter ID MAGNETIC-MOMENT; PU; ACTINIDES C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eriksson, O (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, Uppsala, Sweden. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 76 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.1209/epl/i2006-10230-6 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086MM UT WOS:000240677500026 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Li, Y Dunn, JJ Luft, BJ AF Yang, Xiaohua Li, Yang Dunn, John J. Luft, Benjamin J. TI Characterization of a unique borreliacidal epitope on the outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE outer surface protein C (OspC); borreliacidal monoclonal antibody; protective epitope; peptide ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SENSU-STRICTO; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTIVE EPITOPE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; OSPC; MICE AB The outer surface protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, is an immunoprotective antigen in laboratory models of infection. However, to understand its protective effects, it is important to identify the key epitopes of this protein. We produced a borreliacidal anti-OspC monoclonal antibody specific to the B31 strain and identified its binding site. The specificity of MAb 16.22 was determined by Western blot reactivity using OspC derived from different Borrelia isolates which had varying amino acid sequences. Comparison of the OspC sequences and binding data suggested that MAb 16.22 binds to amino acids 133-147 of the OspC protein. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a 15-amino acid peptide containing the target sequence and, using competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found that this peptide included the epitope of MAb 16.22. In addition, we determined that MAb 16.22 is able to kill of B. burgdorferi in a complement-independent fashion. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luft, BJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, HSC Level 16,Room 020, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bluft@notes.cc.sunysb.edu OI Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI37256] NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00122.x PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 082QT UT WOS:000240402700009 PM 16965353 ER PT J AU Schirp, A Loge, FJ Englund, KR Wolcott, MP Hess, JR Houghton, TP Lacey, JA Thompson, DN AF Schirp, Anke Loge, Frank J. Englund, Karl R. Wolcott, Michael P. Hess, J. Richard Houghton, Tracy P. Lacey, Jeffrey A. Thompson, David N. TI Pilot-scale production and material properties of extruded straw-plastic composites based on untreated and fungal-treated wheat straw SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS; WOOD; DEGRADATION; PARTICLEBOARD; COMPONENTS; FLOUR AB The predominant filler used in the commercial extrusion of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in North America is wood flour. Fibers such as wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) represent a promising filler alternative. In this investigation, untreated and fungal-treated wheat straw was employed as filler for extruded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) based composites. Fungal treatment of straw was accomplished with the white-rot fungus Pleurotus oetreatus (Jacq. ex Fr. Kummer) to improve adhesion between straw and HDPE and thus mechanical properties of straw-plastic composites (SPC). The straw used in this research was not sterilized prior to fungal treatment for 6 and 12 weeks to achieve maximum cost-efficiency of large-scale SPC production. Our results indicate that the mechanical properties of SPC produced with untreated straw are comparable to those of a wood-plastic composite based on pine flour. In the temperature range with the most relevance to the extrusion process (100 degrees to 300 degrees C), fungal-degraded straw appeared thermally less stable than untreated straw, but this did not negatively affect composite manufacture. Complete dominance of P. ostreatus on the straw was not achieved under the non-sterile conditions applied in this study. Furthermore, treatment did not have a statistically significant (alpha-value of 0.05) influence on either modulus of rupture or modulus of elasticity of SPC. Hence, under the conditions applied in this study, degraded straw offered no advantages compared to untreated straw. At the same time, it was demonstrated that untreated wheat straw offers potential as a substitute for wood fillers in the extrusion of thermoplastic composites. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Wood Biol & Wood Technol, Gottingen, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington State Univ, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schirp, A (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Wood Biol & Wood Technol, Gottingen, Germany. EM aschirp@gwdg.de; fjloge@ucdavis.edu; englund@wsu.edu; wolcott@wsu.edu; JRichard.Hess@inl.gov; Tracy.Houghton@inl.gov; Jeffrey.Lacey@inl.gov; David.Thompson@inl.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 56 IS 10 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 096ZA UT WOS:000241414400016 ER PT J AU Collins, SL Bettencourt, LMA Hagberg, A Brown, RF Moore, DI Bonito, G Delin, KA Jackson, SP Johnson, DW Burleigh, SC Woodrow, RR McAuley, JM AF Collins, Scott L. Bettencourt, Luis M. A. Hagberg, Aric Brown, Renee F. Moore, Douglas I. Bonito, Greg Delin, Kevin A. Jackson, Shannon P. Johnson, David W. Burleigh, Scott C. Woodrow, Richard R. McAuley, J. Michael TI New opportunities in ecological sensing using wireless sensor networks SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SHRUBLAND; GRASSLAND; DESERTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; CARBON; SOIL; WEB AB Measuring environmental variables at appropriate temporal and spatial scales remains an important challenge in ecological research. New developments in wireless sensors and sensor networks will free ecologists from a wired world and revolutionize our ability to study ecological systems at relevant scales. In addition, sensor networks can analyze and manipulate the data they collect, thereby moving data processing from the end user to the sensor network itself. Such embedded processing will allow sensor networks to perform data analysis procedures, identify outlier data, alter sampling regimes, and ultimately control experimental infrastructure. We illustrate this capability using a wireless sensor network, the Sensor Web, in a study of microclimate variation under shrubs in the Chihuahuan Desert. Using Sensor Web data, we propose simple analytical protocols for assessing data quality "on-the-fly" that can be programmed into sensor networks. The ecological community can influence the evolution of environmental sensor networks by working across disciplines to infuse new ideas into sensor network development. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Collins, SL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu RI Collins, Scott/P-7742-2014; OI Collins, Scott/0000-0002-0193-2892; Brown, Renee F./0000-0002-4986-7663 NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 4 IS 8 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[402:NOIESU]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 091AE UT WOS:000240997000016 ER PT J AU Spong, DA AF Spong, D. A. TI Sheared plasma flow generation: A new measure for stellarator optimization SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE stellarator; velocity shearing; neoclassical transport ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; PHYSICS ISSUES; DESIGN; COEFFICIENTS; IMPURITIES; OPERATION; LHD AB Recent stellarator optimization efforts have targeted transport measures such as quasi-symmetry, effective ripple, and alignment of particle guiding center orbits with flux surfaces. This has resulted in significant reductions in neoclassical losses so that, at least for near-term experiments, the neoclassical transport of particles and energy can be made small compared to anomalous transport. However, momentum transport properties within magnetic flux surfaces provide an additional dimension for characterizing optimized stellarators. The momentum and flow damping features of optimized stellarators can vary widely, depending on their magnetic structure, ranging from systems with near-tokamak-like properties where toroidal flows dominate to those in which poloidal flows dominate and toroidal flows are suppressed. A set of tools has been developed for self-consistently evaluating the flow characteristics of different stellarators. Application of this model to existing and planned devices indicates that plasma flow properties vary significantly. Comparisons across devices can aid in unfolding the interplay between anomalous and neoclassical damping effects as well as the impact of momentum transport properties on related plasma phenomena such as turbulence suppression, shielding of resonant magnetic error fields, and impurity transport. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spong, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spongda@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 091AH UT WOS:000240997300004 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TS Kremer, JP Lefrancois, RG Marksteiner, Q Pomphrey, N Reiersen, W Dahlgren, F Sarasola, X AF Pedersen, T. Sunn Kremer, J. P. Lefrancois, R. G. Marksteiner, Q. Pomphrey, N. Reiersen, W. Dahlgren, F. Sarasola, Xabier TI Construction and initial operation of the Columbia Nonneutral Torus SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Stellarator Workshop CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT, Madrid, SPAIN HO Lab Nacl Fus, CIEMAT DE stellarator; nonneutral plasma; magnetic confinement ID POSITRON-ELECTRON PLASMAS; STELLARATOR AB We report on the results from initial testing and operation of the Columbia Nonneutral Torus, a new stellarator experiment constructed at Columbia University to study the confinement of nonneutral plasmas, electron-positron plasmas, and stellarator confinement in the presence of strong electrostatic fields. A new algorithm for automatic identification of good magnetic surfaces, island chains, and stochastic regions in Poincare maps is also described. We present some of the details of the design of the interlocked in-vessel coils and the vacuum system and report on initial vacuum performance. Magnetic surface mapping and visualization results are also presented, confirming the existence of ultralow aspect ratio magnetic surfaces with excellent quality and good-agreement with numerical calculations. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EURATOM, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. RP Pedersen, TS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM tsp22@columbia.edu RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010; OI Sarasola, Xabier/0000-0003-2430-6939 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 372 EP 381 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 091AH UT WOS:000240997300007 ER PT J AU Grosso, P de Boer, P Winkler, L AF Grosso, Paola de Boer, Pieter Winkler, Linda TI The network infrastructure at iGrid2005: Lambda networking in action SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT iGrid 2005 CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, San Diego, CA HO Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol DE lambda networking; hybrid networks; light paths; iGrid2005 AB iGrid2005's goal was to demonstrate the potential of hybrid networks showing applications that require the use of these high-performance multi-gigabit networks. In this article we describe the network infrastructure in place during the workshop, we focus on the innovative and original aspects of the set-up, and we show that the infrastructure was a clear example of lambda networking. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Adv Internet Res Grp, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. SARA, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grosso, P (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Adv Internet Res Grp, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM grosso@science.uva.nl NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 915 EP 919 DI 10.1016/j.future.2006.03.013 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 061NR UT WOS:000238879800012 ER PT J AU Dong, SC Insley, J T Karonis, N Papka, ME Binns, J Karniadakis, G AF Dong, Suchuan Insley, Joseph T Karonis, Nicholas Papka, Michael E. Binns, Justin Karniadakis, George TI Simulating and visualizing the human arterial system on the TeraGrid SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT iGrid 2005 CY SEP 26-30, 2005 CL Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, San Diego, CA HO Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol DE grid AB We present a Grid solution to a grand challenge problem, the simulation and visualization of the human arterial system. We implemented our simulation and visualization system on the National Science Foundation's TeraGrid and demonstrated it at the iGrid 2005 conference in San Diego, California. We discuss our experience in running on a computational Grid and present observations and suggestions for improving similar experiences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02863 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60137 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Papka, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM papka@mcs.anl.gov RI Dong, Suchuan/B-1529-2008; OI Dong, Suchuan/0000-0001-6778-0679 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/j.future.2006.03.019 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 061NR UT WOS:000238879800024 ER PT J AU Press, WH Robins, H AF Press, William H. Robins, Harlan TI Isochores exhibit evidence of genes interacting with the large-scale genomic environment SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTIONARY TREES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CODON BIAS; VERTEBRATES; SEQUENCE; DNA; EXPRESSION; DISTANCES; CELLS AB The genomes of mammals and birds can be partitioned into megabase-long regions, termed isochores, with consistently high, or low, average C + G content. Isochores with high CG contain a mixture of CG-rich and AT-rich genes, while high-AT isochores contain predominantly AT-rich genes. The two gene populations in the high-CG isochores are functionally distingnishable by statistical analysis of their gene ontology categories. However, the aggregate of the two populations in CG isochores is not statistically distinct from AT-rich genes in AT isochores. Genes tend to be located at local extrema of composition within the isochores, indicating that the CG-enriching mechanism acted differently when near to genes. On the other hand, maximum-likelihood reconstruction of molecular phylogenetic trees shows that branch lengths (evolutionary distances) for third codon positions in CG-rich genes are not substantially larger than those for AT-rich genes. In the context of neutral mutation theory this argues against any strong Positive selection. Disparate features of isochores might be explained by a model in which about half of all genes functionally require AT richness, while, in warm-blooded organisms, about half the genome (in large coherent blocks) acquired a strong bias for mutations to CG. Using mutations in CG-rich genes as convenient indicators, we show that approximate to 20% of amino acids in Proteins are broadly, substitutable, without regard to chemical similarity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CCS6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Press, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CCS6, POB 1663,MS F-600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wpress@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 174 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1040 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.054445 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 102GJ UT WOS:000241798700039 PM 16951086 ER PT J AU George, JA DeBaryshe, PG Traverse, KL Celniker, SE Pardue, ML AF George, Janet A. DeBaryshe, P. Gregory Traverse, Karen L. Celniker, Susan E. Pardue, Mary-Lou TI Genomic organization of the Drosophila telomere retrotransposable elements SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HET-A; DNA-SEQUENCES; CHROMOSOME ENDS; Y-CHROMOSOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MAINTAIN TELOMERES; LONG TELOMERES; GAG PROTEINS; MELANOGASTER; LENGTH AB The emerging sequence of the heterochromatic portion of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, with the most recent update of euchromatic sequence, gives the first genome-wide view of the chromosomal distribution of the telomeric retrotransposons, HeT-A, TART, and Tahre. As expected, these elements are entirely excluded from euchromatin, although sequence fragments of HeT-A and TART 3' untranslated regions are found in nontelomeric heterochromatin on the Y chromosome. The proximal ends of HeT-A/TART arrays appear to be a transition zone because only here do other transposable elements mix in the array. The sharp distinction between the distribution of telomeric elements and that of other transposable elements suggests that chromatin structure is important in telomere element localization. Measurements reported here show (1) D. melanogaster telomeres are very long, in the size range reported for inbred mouse strains (averaging 46 kb per chromosome end in Drosophila stock 2057). As in organisms with telomerase, their length varies depending on genotype. There is also slight under-replication in polytene nuclei. (2) Surprisingly, the relationship between the number of HeT-A and TART elements is not stochastic but is strongly correlated across stocks, supporting the idea that the two elements are interdependent. Although currently assembled portions of the HeT-A/TART arrays are from the most-proximal part of long arrays, similar to 61% of the total HeT-A sequence in these regions consists of intact, potentially active elements with little evidence of sequence decay, making it likely that the content of the telomere arrays turns over more extensively than has been thought. C1 MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley Drosopohila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pardue, ML (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mlpardue@mit.edu FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P50-HG00750]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50315, R01 GM050315, R56 GM050315] NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1231 EP 1240 DI 10.1101/gr.5348806 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 090OE UT WOS:000240959800007 PM 16963706 ER PT J AU Papatsenko, D Kislyuk, A Levine, M Dubchak, I AF Papatsenko, Dmitri Kislyuk, Andrey Levine, Michael Dubchak, Inna TI Conservation patterns in different functional sequence categories of divergent Drosophila species SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Drosophila; conservation pattern; vista alignment; developmental enhancer ID GENOMIC DNA-SEQUENCES; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; ULTRACONSERVED ELEMENTS; NONCODING DNA; ALIGNMENT; TOOLS; MELANOGASTER; CLUSTERS; MODELS AB We have explored the distributions of fully conserved ungapped blocks in genome-wide pair-wise alignments of recently completed species of Drosophila: D. melanogaster, D. yakuba, D. ananassae, D. pseudoobscura, D. virilis, and D. mojavensis. Based on these distributions we have found that nearly every functional sequence category possesses its own distinctive conservation pattern, sometimes independent of the overall sequence conservation level. In the coding and regulatory regions, the ungapped blocks were longer than in introns, UTRs, and nonfunctional sequences. At the same time, the blocks in the coding regions carried a 3N + 2 signature characteristic of synonymous substitutions in the third-codon position. Larger block sizes in transcription regulatory regions can be explained by the presence of conserved arrays of binding sites for transcription factors. We also have shown that the longest ungapped blocks, or "ultraconserved" sequences, are associated with specific gene groups, including those encoding ion channels and components of the cytoskeleton. We discuss how restraining conservation patterns may help in mapping functional sequence categories and improve genome annotation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Papatsenko, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dxp@berkeley.edu RI Papatsenko, Dmitri/G-7375-2016 OI Papatsenko, Dmitri/0000-0002-4390-5446 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U1HL66681B]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 46638] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 88 IS 4 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.03.012 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 093WX UT WOS:000241202100005 PM 16697139 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Liu, CX Yantasee, W Wang, ZM Moore, DA Felmy, AR Zachara, JM AF Ilton, Eugene S. Liu, Chongxuan Yantasee, Wassana Wang, Zheming Moore, Dean A. Felmy, Andrew R. Zachara, John M. TI The dissolution of synthetic Na-boltwoodite in sodium carbonate solutions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HANFORD SITE; URANOPHANE; SODDYITE; THERMODYNAMICS; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS AB Uranyl silicates such as uranophane and Na-boltwoodite appear to control the solubility of uranium in certain contaminated sediments at the US Department of Energy Hanford site [Liu, C., Zachara, J.M., Qafoku, O., McKinley, J.P., Heald, S.M., Wang, Z. 2004. Dissolution of uranyl microprecipitates in subsurface sediments at Hanford Site, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68, 4519-4537.]. Consequently, the solubility of synthetic Na-boltwoodite, Na(UO2)(SiO3OH) center dot 1.5H(2)O, was determined over a wide range of bicarbonate concentrations, from circumneutral to alkaline pH, that are representative of porewater and groundwater compositions at the Hanford site and calcareous environments generally. Experiments were open to air. Results show that Na-boltwoodite dissolution was nearly congruent and its solubility and dissolution kinetics increased with increasing bicarbonate concentration and pH. A consistent set of solubility constants were determined from circumneutral pH (0 added bicarbonate) to alkaline pH (50 mM added bicarbonate). Average log K-sp degrees = 5.86 +/- 0.24 or 5.85 +/- 0.0.26; using the Pitzer ion-interaction model or Davies equation, respectively. These values are close to the one determined by [Nguyen, S.N., Silva, R.J., Weed, H.C., Andrews, Jr., J.E., 1992. Standard Gibbs free energies of formation at the temperature 303.15 K of four uranyl silicates: soddyite, uranophane, sodium boltwoodite, and sodium weeksite. J. Chem. Thermodynamics 24, 359-376.] under very different conditions (pH 4.5, Ar atmosphere). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 19 BP 4836 EP 4849 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1553 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093BX UT WOS:000241143300002 ER PT J AU Gorman-Lewis, D Fein, JB Jensen, MP AF Gorman-Lewis, Drew Fein, Jeremy B. Jensen, Mark P. TI Enthalpies and entropies of proton and cadmium adsorption onto Bacillus subtilis bacterial cells from calorimetric measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; METAL ADSORPTION; ACIDIC-SOLUTIONS; CD ADSORPTION; HUMIC-ACID; COMPLEXATION; SURFACES; IONIZATION; PH; BEHAVIOR AB We used titration calorimetry to measure the bulk heats of proton and Cd adsorption onto a common Gram positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis at 25.0 degrees C. Using the 4-site non-electrostatic model of Fein et al. [Fein, J.B., Boily, J.-F., Yee, N., Gorman-Lewis, D., Turner, B.F., 2005. Potentiometric titrations of Bacillus subtilis cells to low pH and a comparison of modeling approaches. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69 (5), 1123-1132.] to describe the bacterial surface reactivity to protons, our bulk enthalpy measurements can be used to determine the following site-specific enthalpies of proton adsorption for Sites 1-4, respectively: -3.5 +/- 0.2, -4.2 +/- 0.2, -15.4 +/- 0.9, and -35 +/- 2 kJ/mol, and these values yield the following third law entropies of proton adsorption onto Sites 1-4, respectively: +51 +/- 4, +78 +/- 4, +79 +/- 5, and +60 +/- 20 J/mol K. An alternative data analysis using a 2-site Langmuir-Freundlich model to describe proton binding to the bacterial surface (Fein et al., 2005) resulted in the following site-specific enthalpies of proton adsorption for Sites 1 and 2, respectively: -3.6 +/- 0.2 and -35.1 +/- 0.3 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic values for Sites 1-3 for the non-electrostatic model and Site I of the Langmuir-Freundlich model of proton adsorption onto the bacterial surface are similar to those associated with multifunctional organic acid anions, such as citrate, suggesting that the protonation state of a bacterial surface site can influence the energetics of protonation of neighboring sites. Our bulk Cd enthalpy data, interpreted using the 2-site non-electrostatic Cd adsorption model of Borrok et al. [Borrok, D., Fein, J.B., Tischler, M., O'Loughlin, E., Meyer, H., Liss, M., Kemner, K.M., 2004b. The effect of acidic solutions and growth conditions on the adsorptive properties of bacterial surfaces. Chem. Geol. 209 (1-2), 107-119.] to account for Cd adsorption onto B. subtilis, yield the following site-specific enthalpies of Cd adsorption onto bacterial surface Sites 2. and 3, respectively: -0.2 +/- 0.4 and +14.4 +/- 0.9 kJ/mol, and the following third law entropies of Cd adsorption onto Sites 2 and 3, respectively: +57 +/- 4 and +128 +/- 5 J/mol K. The calculated enthalpies of Cd adsorption are typical of those associated with Cd complexation with anionic oxygen ligands, and the entropies are indicative of inner sphere complexation by multiple ligands. The experimental approach described in this study not only yields constraints on the molecular-scale mechanisms involved in proton and Cd adsorption reactions, but also provides new thermodynamic data that enable quantitative estimates of the temperature dependence of proton and Cd adsorption reactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gorman-Lewis, D (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46616 USA. EM gorman-lewis@anl.gov RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 19 BP 4862 EP 4873 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.022 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 093BX UT WOS:000241143300004 ER PT J AU Hansen, S Schwartz, S Ai-Amri, A Rodgers, A AF Hansen, Samantha Schwartz, Susan Ai-Amri, Abdullah Rodgers, Arthur TI Combined plate motion and density-driven flow in the asthenosphere beneath Saudi Arabia: Evidence from shear-wave splitting and seismic anisotropy SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabia; Red Sea; anisotropy; shear-wave splitting; continental rifting; mantle flow ID CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; MANTLE FLOW; SHIELD; PLUME; VELOCITIES; MAGMATISM; CRUSTAL; ZONES AB We analyzed mantle anisotropy along the Red Sea and across the Arabian Peninsula using shear-wave splitting recorded by stations from three different seismic networks-the largest, most widely distributed array of stations examined across the Arabian Peninsula to date. Stations near the Gulf of Aqaba display fast orientations aligned parallel to the Dead Sea transform fault, most likely related to the strike-slip motion between Africa and Arabia. However, most of our observations across Arabia are statistically the same (at a 95% confidence level), with north-south-oriented fast directions and delay times averaging similar to 1.4 s. Since end-member models of fossilized anisotropy and present-day asthenospheric flow do not adequately explain these observations, we interpret them as a combination of plate- and density-driven flow in the asthenosphere. The combination of northeast-oriented flow associated with absolute plate motion with northwest-oriented flow associated with the channelized Afar upwelling along the Red Sea produces a north-south resultant that matches the observations and supports models of active rifting. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, IGPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. King Saud Univ, Dept Geol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, Seism Studies Ctr, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Hansen, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 10 BP 869 EP 872 DI 10.1130/G22713.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 089ZK UT WOS:000240920200019 ER PT J AU Basu, A Arondekar, BV Rathouz, PJ AF Basu, Anirban Arondekar, Bhakti V. Rathouz, Paul J. TI Scale of interest versus scale of estimation: Comparing alternative estimators for the incremental costs of a comorbidity SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE expenditures; log models; generalized linear models; link and variance function; myocardial infarction; heart failure ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; RETRANSFORMATION; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; MORBIDITY; PROGNOSIS; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB We investigate how the scale of estimation in risk-adjustment models for health-care costs affects the covariate effect, where the scale of interest for the covariate effect may be different from the scale of estimation. As an illustrative example, we use claims data to estimate the incremental costs associated with heart failure within one year subsequent to myocardial infarction. Here, the scale of interest for the effect of heart failure on costs is additive. However, traditional methods for modeling costs use predetermined scale of estimation - for example, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression assumes an additive scale while log-transformed OLS and generalized linear models with log-link assume a multiplicative scale of estimation. We compare these models with a new flexible model that lets the data determine the appropriate scale of estimation. We use a variety of goodness-of-fit measures along with a modified Copas test to assess robustness, lack of fit, and over-fitting properties of the alternative estimators. Biases up to 19% in the scale of interest are observed due to the misrepresentation of the scale of estimation. The new flexible model is found to appropriately represent the scale of estimation and less susceptible to over-fitting despite estimating additional parameters in the link and the variance functions. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Labs, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Chicago, IL USA. GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Global Hlth Outcomes, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Basu, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2007,Off B201, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM abasu@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1091 EP 1107 DI 10.1002/hec.1099 PG 17 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 097OX UT WOS:000241458800004 PM 16518793 ER PT J AU Anspaugh, LR Degteva, MO Vorobiova, MI Mokrov, YG Napier, BA AF Anspaugh, Lynn R. Degteva, Marina O. Vorobiova, Marina I. Mokrov, Yuri G. Napier, Bruce A. TI Dosimetry for members of the extended Techa River cohort SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Utah, Div Radiobiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Urals Res Ctr Radiat Med, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia. Mayak Prod Assoc, Ozersk 456780, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anspaugh, LR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Radiobiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 4 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000231566.01564.8a PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 084HQ UT WOS:000240524400014 PM 16966885 ER PT J AU Kermany, MH Parker, LL Guo, YK Miller, D Swanson, DJ Yoo, TJ Goldowitz, D Zuo, J AF Kermany, Mohammad Habiby Parker, Lisan L. Guo, Yun-Kal Miller, Darla Swanson, Douglas J. Yoo, Tai-June Goldowitz, Dan Zuo, Jian TI Identification of 17 hearing impaired mouse strains in the TMGC ENU-mutagenesis screen SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE presbycusis; noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); auditory brainstern response (ABR); fibrocyte; ganglia; mouse; mutant ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; GENOME-WIDE; MICE; OTOTOXICITY; INHERITANCE; CADHERIN-23; DEAFNESS; MUTANTS; COCHLEA; LOCUS AB The Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium (TMGC) employed an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutagenesis scheme to identify mouse recessive mutants with hearing phenotypes. We employed auditory brainstem responses (ABR) to click and 8, 16, and 32 kHz stimuli and screened 285 pedigrees (1819 mice of 8-11 weeks old in various mixed genetic backgrounds) each bred to carry a homozygous ENU-induced mutation. To define mutant pedigrees, we measured >= 12 mice per pedigree in >= 2 generations and used a criterion where the mean ABR threshold per pedigree was two standard deviations above the mean of all offspring from the same parental strain. We thus identified 17 mutant pedigrees (6%), all exhibiting hearing loss at high frequencies (>= 16 kHz) with an average threshold elevation of 30-35 dB SPL. Interestingly, four mutants showed sex-biased hearing loss and six mutants displayed wide range frequency hearing loss. Temporal bone histology revealed that six of the first nine mutants displayed cochlear morphological defects: degeneration of spiral ganglia, spiral ligament fibrocytes or inner hair cells (but not outer hair cells) mostly in basal turns. In contrast to other ENU-mutagenesis auditory screens, our screen identified high-frequency, mild and sex-biased hearing defects. Further characterization of these 17 mouse models will advance our understanding of presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss in humans. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Inst Neurosci, Dept Otolaryngol, Dept Mol Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Zuo, J (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM jian.zuo@stjude.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA21765]; NIDCD NIH HHS [DC050101, DC06471]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH61971] NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 220 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2006.07.011 PG 11 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 094JX UT WOS:000241236800008 PM 16949226 ER PT J AU Rieger, R Leung, PS Jeddeloh, MR Kurth, MJ Nantz, MH Lam, KS Barsky, D Ansari, AA Coppel, RL Mackay, IR Gershwin, ME AF Rieger, Roman Leung, Patrick S. Jeddeloh, Melissa R. Kurth, Mark J. Nantz, Michael H. Lam, Kit S. Barsky, Daniel Ansari, Aftab A. Coppel, Ross L. Mackay, Ian R. Gershwin, M. Eric TI Identification of a common occupational chemical derivative with high primary biliary cirrhosis ama reactivity SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Mackay, Ian/A-7228-2010 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 178 BP 255A EP 255A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362300179 ER PT J AU Kuiken, C Combet, C Bukh, J Deleage, G Mizokami, M Richardson, R Sablon, E Yusim, K Pawlotsky, JM Simmonds, P AF Kuiken, Carla Combet, Christophe Bukh, Jens Deleage, Gilbert Mizokami, Masashi Richardson, Russel Sablon, Erwin Yusim, Karina Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel Simmonds, Peter TI A comprehensive system for consistent numbering of HCV sequences, proteins and epitopes SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 27-31, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Inst Biol & Chim Prot, Lyon, France. Univ Paris, Creteil, France. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Innogenet NV, Ghent, Belgium. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI DELEAGE, Gilbert/F-7163-2010 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 SU 1 MA 423 BP 348A EP 348A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 096FF UT WOS:000241362300424 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Abdallah, J AF Colgan, J. Fontes, C. J. Abdallah, J., Jr. TI Collisional-radiative studies of carbon plasmas SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Collisional-radiative; Carbon; Fine-structure AB A detailed plasma kinetics model for carbon is presented which has been calculated using the Los Alamos suite of atomic kinetics codes. Models have been generated in the configuration-average approximation and the fine-structure approximation, which includes configuration-interaction and intermediate-coupling effects. These models have been used to generate relevant plasma quantities, ranging from the average ionization stage to detailed emission spectra. For many of the quantities examined, and for certain plasma conditions, significant differences exist between the configuration-average model and the detailed fine-structure model, indicating that such a detailed fine-structure model is necessary to accurately model atomic properties in such plasmas. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colgan, J.; Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atom & Opt Theory, T-4 MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2006.07.001 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V38YI UT WOS:000209378300005 ER PT J AU Lorenz, KT Edwards, MJ Jankowski, AF Pollaine, SM Smith, RF Remington, BA AF Lorenz, K. T. Edwards, M. J. Jankowski, A. F. Pollaine, S. M. Smith, R. F. Remington, B. A. TI High pressure, quasi-isentropic compression experiments on the Omega laser SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Isentropic compression; ICE; Equation of state (EOS); Aluminum AB The high energy density of pulsed lasers can be used to generate shockless loading in solids to high pressures and compressions but low temperatures. [J. Edwards, K.T. Lorenz, B.A. Remington, S. Pollaine, J. Colvin, D. Braun, B.F. Lasinski, D. Reisman, J.M. McNaney, J.A. Greenough, R. Wallace, H. Louis, D. Kalantar, Laser-driven plasma loader for shockless compression and acceleration of samples in the solid state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 075002.] We have used the Omega laser to extend the capabilities of this technique to multi-Mbar pressures and compressions approaching a factor of 2 in aluminum foils. The energy from a 3.7 ns laser pulse is used to drive a strong shock through a 200 mu m polystyrene disc. The disc material unloads from a high-pressure state and expands across a 300 mu m vacuum gap where it stagnates against the sample to produce a smooth, monotonically increasing load with rise times from a few to similar to 20 ns. Ramped compression waves having peak pressures of 14-200 GPa (0.14-2.0 Mbar) and peak compressions rho/rho(0) of 1.1-2.0 were generated in the aluminum samples using laser pulse energies of 400 J to 2 kJ. Wave profiles from a series of successively thicker targets loaded to 120 GPa show the evolution of the high-pressure compression wave within the sample. The initial loading in the sample is shockless, and develops into a shock at a depth of 20-25 mu m. We compare these wave profiles with hydrodynamic simulations from which we extract material temperatures and plastic strain rates behind the compression wave. Limitations and future prospects for this new shockless loading technique are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorenz, K. T.; Edwards, M. J.; Jankowski, A. F.; Pollaine, S. M.; Smith, R. F.; Remington, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lorenz, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lorenz3@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX We extend our appreciation to the staff at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics for help with these experiments, and to Hedley Louis and Russell Wallace for the fabrication of the laser targets. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 EI 1878-0563 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2006.08.001 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA V38YI UT WOS:000209378300008 ER PT J AU Seppanen, OA Fisk, W AF Seppanen, O. A. Fisk, William TI Some quantitative relations between indoor environmental quality and work performance or health SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; PERCEIVED AIR-QUALITY; SYNDROME SBS SYMPTOMS; CALL-CENTER OPERATORS; OFFICE WORKERS; VENTILATION SYSTEM; SUPPLY RATE; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTIVITY; RATES AB Poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has been related to increases in sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, respiratory illnesses, sick leave, and loss in productivity. Calculations indicate that the cost of poor IEQ can be higher than energy costs FOR space conditioning and ventilation and that many measures taken to improve indoor IEQ will be highly cost-effective when accounting for the monetary savings resulting from improved health or productivity. To enable building professionals to select of building designs and operating practices that account for effects on health and productivity, we need models for quantifying the health and productivity benefits of better indoor environments. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature on the effects of indoor environment on health and performance and used existing data, when possible, to develop some initial models. Based on the best available evidence, we present quantitative relationships between ventilation rates and short-term sick leave, ventilation rates and work performance, perceived air quality and performance, temperature and performance, and temperature and SBS symptoms. We also show that a relationship exists between SBS symptoms and work performance. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seppanen, OA (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 957 EP 973 DI 10.1080/10789669.2006.10391446 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 098NA UT WOS:000241528300002 ER PT J AU Miller, EK AF Miller, Edmund K. TI Analysis of radiation from a traveling-wave current and comparison with the standing-wave sinusoidal current filament SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields; dipole antennas; electromagnetic radiation; far-field analysis of radiation sources; induced electromotive force; electromagnetic forces; Poynting vector; radiation pattern AB The traveling-wave current (TWC) has served as one kind of "canonical" current distribution for simulating the behavior of a wire antenna, as has the standing-wave, sinusoidal current filament (SCF). Besides yielding closed-form solutions for their far-field patterns and radiated powers, the sinusoidal current filament and traveling-wave current can approximate the current on a wire antenna that is appropriately excited. The traveling-wave current's power distributions, as obtained using the induced EMF method and the FARS (Far-field Analysis of Radiation Sources) method, together with similar results for the sinusoidal current filament, are discussed in this brief note. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 597 Ranch Lane, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. EM e.miller@ieee.org NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 48 EP + AR 10.1109/MAP.2006.277155 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.277155 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 108RE UT WOS:000242256100006 ER PT J AU Buckley, PR McKinley, GH Wilson, TS Small, W Benett, WJ Bearinger, JP McElfresh, MW Maitland, DJ AF Buckley, Patrick R. McKinley, Gareth H. Wilson, Thomas S. Small, Ward Benett, William J. Bearinger, Jane P. McElfresh, Michael W. Maitland, Duncan J. TI Inductively heated shape memory polymer for the magnetic actuation of medical devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Curie temperature; inductive heating magnetic particle; medical device; shape memory polymer (SMP) ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; FLUID HYPERTHERMIA; PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; POLYURETHANE; STROKE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Presently, there is interest in making medical devices such as expandable stents and intravascular microactuators from shape memory polymer (SMP). One of the key challenges in realizing SNIP medical devices is the implementation of a safe and effective method of thermally actuating various device geometries in vivo. A novel scheme of actuation by Curie-thermoregulated inductive heating is presented Prototype medical devices made from SNIP loaded with nickel zinc ferrite ferromagnetic particles were actuated in air by applying an alternating magnetic field to induce heating. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was performed on both the particle-loaded and neat SMP materials to assess the impact of the ferrite particles on the mechanical properties of the samples. Calorimetry was used to quantify the rate of heat generation as a function of particle size and volumetric loading of ferrite particles in the SNIP. These tests demonstrated the feasibility of SMP actuation by inductive heating. Rapid and uniform heating was achieved in complex device geometries and particle loading up to 10% volume content did not interfere with the shape recovery of the SMP. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Buckley, PR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM buckley@alum.mit.edu; gareth@mit.edu; wilson97@llnl.gov; small3@llnl.gov; benett1@llnl.gov; bearingerl@llnl.gov; mcelfresl@llnl.gov; maitlandl@llnl.gov RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000462] NR 39 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 6 U2 53 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2083 DI 10.1109/TBME.2006.877113 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 086UP UT WOS:000240698800024 PM 17019872 ER PT J AU Beysserie, S Branlard, J Aboud, S Goodnick, SM Saraniti, M AF Beysserie, Sebastien Branlard, Julien Aboud, Shela Goodnick, Stephen M. Saraniti, Marco TI Comparative analysis of SOI and GOI MOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE frequency response; germanium; Monte Carlo methods; MOSFETs; silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology ID MONTE-CARLO; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIMULATION; SCATTERING; SILICON AB In this paper, the authors use a full-band particle-based simulator based on the cellular Monte Carlo method to investigate and compare the performance of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and germanium-on-insulator (GOI) technologies. To this end, p-type GOI and SOI MOSFETs of effective gate lengths ranging from 30 to 110 nm are simulated, and their static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed through simulations. The transconductance, channel conductance, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, and cutoff frequencies are extracted from the simulation results. The results indicate that drive currents are enhanced up to 25% by replacing Si with Ge. The enhancement is not as significant with respect to the unity gain frequency, which is only increased by 13% in the case of a 50-nm MOSFET. Additionally, the I-V characteristics indicate that GOI MOSFETs are more sensitive to impact ionization than their SOI counterparts, and that the channel conductance is degraded. C1 Advantest Amer Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Beysserie, S (reprint author), Advantest Amer Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM saraniti@iit.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2545 EP 2550 DI 10.1109/TED.2006.882272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 090BT UT WOS:000240926300018 ER PT J AU Cheng, Y Qian, C Crow, ML Pekarek, S Atcitty, S AF Cheng, Ying Qian, Chang Crow, Mariesa L. Pekarek, Steve Atcitty, Stan TI A comparison of diode-clamped and cascaded multilevel converters for a STATCOM with energy storage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Zagreb, KoREMA, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, IEEE Reg 8, Power Engn Soc, IEEE Croatia Sect, Univ Dubrovnik DE battery energy storage (BESS); multilevel converters; static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) ID FACTS; IMPLEMENTATION AB The progression of distributed generation within a bulk power system will lead to the need for greater control of transmission-line power flows. Static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) provide a power-electronics-based means of embedded control of transmission-line voltage and power flows. The integration of energy storage with a STATCOM can extend traditional STATCOM capabilities to four-quadrant power flow control and transient stability improvement. This paper discusses energy storage systems (ESSs) integrated with conventional and multi-level bidirectional power converters for a hybrid STATCOM/ESS. Conventional, diode-clamped, and cascaded multilevel converter-based STATCOM/ESSs are developed, and their performances for a variety of power system applications are compared using battery energy storage. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology are presented. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the conclusions. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Mat Energy & Earth Resources, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cheng, Y (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM crow@umr.edu; satcitt@sandia.gov OI Crow, Mariesa/0000-0002-2087-9599 NR 17 TC 160 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1512 EP 1521 DI 10.1109/TIE.2006.882022 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 091TE UT WOS:000241050400013 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I Hush, D Scovel, C AF Steinwart, Ingo Hush, Don Scovel, Clint TI An explicit description of the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of Gaussian RBF kernels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel; reproducing kernel Hilbert space; support vector machine AB Although Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernels are one of the most often used kernels in modern machine learning methods such as support vector machines (SVMs), little is known about the structure of their reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). In this work, two distinct explicit descriptions of the RKHSs corresponding to Gaussian RBF kernels are given and some consequences are discussed. Furthermore, an orthonormal basis for these spaces is presented. Finally, it is discussed how the results can be used for analyzing the learning performance of SVMs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp CS3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov; dhush@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 21 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 10 BP 4635 EP 4643 DI 10.1109/TIT.2006.881713 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 087XQ UT WOS:000240776500024 ER PT J AU Antony, J Pendyala, S McCready, DE Engelhard, MH Meyer, D Sharma, A Qiang, Y AF Antony, Jiji Pendyala, Sweta McCready, David E. Engelhard, Mark H. Meyer, Daniel Sharma, Amit Qiang, You TI Ferromagnetism in Ti-doped ZnO nanoclusters above room temperature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE doped ZnO nanoclusters; dilute magnetic semiconductors; ferromagnetic semiconductors; magnetic oxides ID CORE-SHELL NANOCLUSTERS; OXIDE AB Ferromagnetism is observed at room temperature, when a small percentage (5%) of nonmagnetic titanium is added to zinc atoms to form Ti-doped ZnO nanoclusters in the oxygen atmosphere. The nanocluster films are prepared at room temperature by a technique that is a combination of high-pressure magnetron sputtering with aggregation. A Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) measures the magnetic properties of this cluster films at various temperatures. Ti dopant exhibits +4 oxidation state through out the cluster film. Coercivity of the samples decreased exponentially with the increase of temperature. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Elect Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Antony, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM youqiang@uidaho.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2697 EP 2699 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879723 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700147 ER PT J AU Melikhov, Y Snyder, JE Lo, CCH Matlage, PN Song, SH Dennis, KW Jiles, DC AF Melikhov, Y. Snyder, J. E. Lo, C. C. H. Matlage, P. N. Song, S. H. Dennis, K. W. Jiles, D. C. TI The effect of Cr-substitution on the magnetic anisotropy and its temperature dependence in Cr-substituted cobalt ferrite SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE cobalt ferrite; ferrite; law of approach (LoA); magnetic anisotropy AB The temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy of magnetoelastic chromium-substituted cobalt ferrites (CoCrxFe2-xO4 with 0 <= x <= 0.8) was investigated over the temperature range 10-400 K. The first-order cubic anisotropy coefficient K, was calculated by fitting the high-field regimes of the major hysteresis loops to the law of approach to saturation, which is based on the assumption that at sufficiently high field only rotational processes remain. It was found that anisotropy increases substantially with decreasing temperature from 400 to 150 K. Below 150 K, it appears that even under a maximum applied field of 5 T, the anisotropy of CoFe2O4 and CoCr0.2Fe1.8O4 is so high that it prevents complete approach to saturation. In general, at fixed temperature the magnetic anisotropy decreases with increasing Cr content, which could be explained based on the one-ion model and the results of Mossbauer studies: According to the one-ion anisotropy model, Co2+ ions in octahedral sites of the spinel structure are responsible for the high anisotropy of cobalt ferrite, and substitution of Cr3+ for Fe3+ appears to displace Co2+ ions from octahedral sites to tetrahedral sites. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Cardiff Wales, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Melikhov, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM melikhov@cardiff.ac.uk RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2861 EP 2863 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879888 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700201 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AV Zhukov, AA Metlushko, VV Bordignon, G Fangohr, H de Groot, CH Unguris, J Uhlig, WC Karapetrov, G Ilic, B de Groot, PAJ AF Goncharov, A. V. Zhukov, A. A. Metlushko, V. V. Bordignon, G. Fangohr, H. de Groot, C. H. Unguris, J. Uhlig, W. C. Karapetrov, G. Ilic, B. de Groot, P. A. J. TI Anisotropy of magnetization reversal and magnetoresistance in square arrays of permalloy nano-rings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE magnetic nano-structures; magnetization reversal; magnetoresistance; nano-rings AB Magnetization reversal mechanisms and the impact of magnetization direction are studied in square arrays of interconnected circular permalloy nanorings using magnetooptical Kerr effect, local imaging, numerical simulations, and transport techniques. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanofabricat Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Goncharov, AV (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM aaz@phys.soton.ac.uk RI de groot, cornelis/B-4732-2009; Fangohr, Hans/C-6367-2008; Zhukov, Alexander/E-1331-2014; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI de groot, cornelis/0000-0002-3850-7101; Fangohr, Hans/0000-0001-5494-7193; Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2948 EP 2950 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878429 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700230 ER PT J AU Gomez, ME Campillo, G Ramirez, JG Prieto, P Hoffmann, A Guimpel, J Haberkorn, N Condo, A Lovey, F AF Gomez, M. E. Campillo, G. Ramirez, J. -G. Prieto, P. Hoffmann, A. Guimpel, J. Haberkorn, N. Condo, A. Lovey, F. TI Magnetotransport properties in epitaxial exchange-biased La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 superlattices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE exchange interactions; interface magnetism; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic multilayers; magnetoresistance; sputter deposition; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction ID THIN-FILMS AB Superlattices of ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) oxide materials have attracted increased attention given the exchange bias or exchange anistropy phenomenon. Research on magnetic oxide superlattices has focused toward the technological goals of increasing magnetores stance in lower applied magnetic fields and more useful temperature ranges for various applications. Superlattices of F-LCMO and AF-LCMO layers were grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates. We studied the temperature dependence of magnetotransport properties for a series of [AF-LCMO (7.6 nm)/F-LCMO (t(F))](N) superlattices as a function of the ferromagnetically doped layer thickness, t(F), while the antiferromagnetic (AF) layer thickness, t(AF), was kept constant. Magnetotransport measurements at different temperatures were done on a series of [AF(7.6 nm)IF(t(F))](N) superlattices. The ZFC resistance has a maximum at negative fields, for all multilayers, with descending fields (from 1 to -1 kOe). In all samples a shift along the field axis of the FC loop with respect to that of the ZFC loop is observed. The H-ex values determined from these displacements of the FC loops of the magnetoresistance loops increase when temperature decreases and its magnitude also depends on the ferromagnetic layer thickness. C1 Univ Valle, Excellence Ctr Novel Mat, Dept Phys, Cali 25360, Colombia. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Comis Nacl Energma Astm, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energma Astm, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cuyo, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP Gomez, ME (reprint author), Univ Valle, Excellence Ctr Novel Mat, Dept Phys, Ciudad Univ Melendez,AA, Cali 25360, Colombia. EM megomez@calima.univalle.edu.co RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Campillo, Gloria/A-8299-2013; Ramirez, Juan Gabriel/D-8242-2012 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Ramirez, Juan Gabriel/0000-0001-8546-6966 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2981 EP 2983 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878406 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700241 ER PT J AU Duque, JGS Pagliuso, PG Rettori, C Bufaical, L Moreno, NO Urbano, RR Kimura, T AF Duque, J. G. S. Pagliuso, P. G. Rettori, C. Bufaical, L. Moreno, N. O. Urbano, R. R. Kimura, T. TI Electron spin resonance (ESR) and microwave absorption studies in TbMnO3 multiferroic compound SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE antiferromagnetic order; electron spin resonance; multiferroic compounds AB We report temperature dependent X-Band (f similar to 9.5 GHz) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and microwave absorption measurements in a single crystal of TbMnO3. A single Lorentzian ESR line with an isotropic g-value g similar to 1.96 was observed for T >= 120 K up to 600 K. The ESR signal is attributed to the Mn3+ ions in a insulator environment. The temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth is investigated for the external field applied along the three crystallographic axes. For all direction the ESR linewidth show a strong broadening as the temperature decreases due to the presence of short range magnetic correlations. The microwave absorption around the ferroelectric transition T-lock similar to 27 K was investigated using a special cavity with a TE103 mode where the sample sits at the maximum microwave electric-field. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Fis, BR-49100000 Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duque, JGS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM pagliuso@ifi.unicamp.br RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Urbano, Ricardo/F-5017-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Bufaical, Leandro/K-6822-2016 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Bufaical, Leandro/0000-0001-7304-7334 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3084 EP 3086 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879719 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700272 ER PT J AU Yan, M Leaf, G Kaper, H Novosad, V Vavassori, P Camley, RE Grimsditch, M AF Yan, M. Leaf, G. Kaper, H. Novosad, V. Vavassori, P. Camley, R. E. Grimsditch, M. TI Formation of stripe domains in cobalt bars via a magnetic soft mode instability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE micromagnetics; phase transitions; soft modes; stripe domains ID PATTERNS AB We theoretically study the relation between stripe domains at remanence and magnetic normal modes in a single crystal Co bar. We find different stripe patterns depending on field history and in each case the domain structure can be related to a soft mode that triggers a phase transition. The stripe domain structure when the external field is along the long axis of the bar is shown to be generated by a standing wave mode, which has the same spatial structure as the stripes. At all fields this mode has the lowest frequency of all the standing wave modes. This mode goes soft at a second-order phase transition where the stripe domains emerge. For other directions of the field, the symmetry of soft modes is found to be consistent with the change in symmetry of the ground state and that the phase transition can be first order. An analytical model relating phase transitions and soft mode behavior is also briefly discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Yan, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM myan@mcs.anl.gov RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3204 EP 3206 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.880095 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700312 ER PT J AU Yuan, L Gao, L Sabirianov, R Liou, SH Chabot, MD Min, DH Moreland, J Han, BS AF Yuan, L. Gao, L. Sabirianov, R. Liou, S. H. Chabot, M. D. Min, D. H. Moreland, J. Han, Bao Shan TI Microcantilever torque magnetometry study of patterned magnetic films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE magnetization reversal; torque magnetometers ID OSCILLATORS AB Microcantilever torque magnetometry (MTM) is a sensitive tool to measure small magnetization changes in the sample. In this paper, we investigated a process for preparing patterned magnetic films on cantilevers and studied the magnetic interactions of a single pair of micrometer-sized Ni80Fe20 bars (7 mu m x 3.5 mu m x 30 nm) separated by 50 nm using MTM. The bars were prepared with focused ion-beam milling. The magnetic hysteresis loops show that the switching field of a single bar is larger than the reversing field of only one of the paired bars and less than that of both paired bars. This clearly indicates that the magnetostatic interaction exists between the bars. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, L (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3234 EP 3236 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878424 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700322 ER PT J AU Panda, AK Das, SK Mitra, A Jiles, DC Lo, CCH AF Panda, A. K. Das, S. K. Mitra, A. Jiles, D. C. Lo, C. C. H. TI Evaluation of deformation behavior of HSLA-100 steel using magnetic hysteresis technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE fracture; high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA); magnetic properties; nondestructive evaluation; plastic deformation AB The magnetic properties of heat-treated, copper (Cu)-containing high-strength low-alloy (HSLA-100) steel and the variations of the magnetic properties during tensile deformation were studied. For samples aged at temperatures below 775 K, precipitation of nanosized coherent Cu particles occurred, causing an increase in hardness but a decrease in coercivity. For higher aging temperatures, the Cu precipitates coarsened and then were able to pin domain walls. As a result, magnetic coercivity increased. During tensile deformation of selected heat treated samples, the interaction of dislocations with the coherent and incoherent Cu precipitates influenced the magnetic properties. Systematic variation of coereivity with plastic strain was found for brittle and ductile types of fracture of the materials. C1 Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India. Univ Cardiff Wales, Wolfson Ctr Magnet, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat & Met Dev 205, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Panda, AK (reprint author), Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012; Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3264 EP 3266 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878409 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700332 ER PT J AU Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Rao, S Watson, RE AF Bennett, L. H. Della Torre, E. Rao, S. Watson, R. E. TI Activation volumes of magnetic aftereffects: Role of the magnon chemical potential in nanomagnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE activation volume; chemical potential; magnetic aftereffects ID VISCOSITY AB A non-Arrhenius temperature variation of the thermal magnetic aftereffect has been observed in some particulate media. This behavior could be understood by a quasilinear variation of the magnon chemical potential above some finite Bose-Einstein condensation temperature, and zero chemical potential below. Including the chemical potential variation into the thermal activation volumes derived from the Street and Brown formulation removes a nonphysical order of magnitude increase in the activation volume, but instead yields an activation volume that is essentially temperature independent, and is identified with the physical volume. C1 George Washington Univ, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bennett, LH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. EM lbennett@gwu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3614 EP 3616 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879747 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700448 ER PT J AU Tsyganov, EN Anderson, J Arbique, G Constantinescu, A Jennewein, M Kulkarni, PV Mason, RP McColl, RW Oz, OK Parkey, RW Richer, E Rosch, F Seliounine, SY Slavine, NV Srivastava, SC Thorpe, PE Zinchenko, AI Antich, PP AF Tsyganov, Edward N. Anderson, Jon Arbique, Gary Constantinescu, Arica Jennewein, Marc Kulkarni, Padmakar V. Mason, Ralph P. McColl, Roderick W. Oz, Orhan K. Parkey, Robert W. Richer, Edmond Roesch, Frank Seliounine, Serguei Y. Slavine, Nikolai V. Srivastava, Suresh C. Thorpe, Philip E. Zinchenko, Alexander I. Antich, Peter P. TI UTSW small animal positron emission imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibodies; arsenic; FDG; image reconstruction; positron emission tomography; small animal imaging ID PET SCANNER; MICROPET; RECONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB A Small Animal Imager (SAI) for PET has been designed, built, tested in phantoms, and applied to investigations in mice and rats. The device uses principles based on gamma-ray induced scintillation in crossed fiber optic detectors connected to Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tubes (PSPMT). Each detector consists of an epoxied stack of 28 layers of 135 round 1 mm BCF-10 scintillating plastic fibers. The overlap region-forms a 13.5 x 13.5 x 2.8 cm(3) detector volume. Scintillating light from the fibers is detected by two (X and Y directions) Hamamatsu R-2486 PSPMTs with 16 anode wires in each of two orthogonal directions. A centroid-finding algorithm gives the position of a light cluster on the face (photocathode) of a PSPMT. The accuracy of the reconstruction of an interaction position is essentially independent of light cluster position. This translates to a nearly isotropic photon response for the entire detector. The system has been used to test several 3D image reconstruction algorithms, software modifications, and improvements. The sensitivity (similar to 12.6 cps/kBq at 9 cm inner diameter) and sub-millimeter spatial resolution (better than 1 mm in phantoms) obtained with an iterative algorithm incorporating system modeling make the SAI a relatively inexpensive high performance animal imager. The SAI is currently being used for imaging experiments in mice and rats. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tsyganov, EN (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM edward.tsyganov@utsouthwestern.edu RI Mason, Ralph/C-8472-2012 OI Mason, Ralph/0000-0001-7517-3721 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2591 EP 2600 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.876000 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100018 ER PT J AU Bal, G DiBella, EVR Gullberg, GT Zeng, GL AF Bal, G. DiBella, E. V. R. Gullberg, G. T. Zeng, G. L. TI Cardiac imaging using a four-segment slant-hole collimator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cardiac imaging; SPECT; three-dimensional (3-D) ID RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHY; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY; SPECT; DISEASE; CAMERA AB The main objective of this paper is to evaluate four-segment slant-hole (FSSH) SPECT for cardiac imaging. FSSH is a slant-hole collimator that is divided into four segments and arranged such that the photons from the volume of interest (VOI) are projected four times for every location of the detector. These multiple projections help to improve the sensitivity of the photons from the VOI by a factor 4cos(3)sigma, where sigma, is the slant angle of the collimator. Another advantage of FSSH SPECT is a reduction in the total scan time, since a gantry rotation of pi-2 sigma is sufficient to satisfy Orlov's condition. That means, for a slant angle of 30 degrees, a gantry rotation of 120 degrees is sufficient to satisfy Orlov's condition and obtain a complete dataset. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the reconstructed images obtained using an FSSH collimator, for a gantry rotation of 180 degrees and 120 degrees, with those obtained from a parallel-hole (PH) SPECT system using a 180 degrees acquisition. The reconstructed images from the three imaging geometries were compared in terms of average image noise, contrast, and percentage error, for seven different clinical count levels and for multiple noise realizations in each case. The increase in sensitivity of the FSSH system was found to translate into a proportional decrease in statistical noise for voxels in the VOI of the reconstructed images. Finally, a physical phantom study was performed using a prototype FSSH collimator. Our findings show that FSSH collimators have the potential of being the collimator of choice for cardiac SPECT imaging. Though we explore the potential of FSSH collimators for cardiac imaging in this paper, the concept can be extended for imaging other organs such as the breasts, kidney, and brain. C1 GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 10239 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bal, G (reprint author), GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 10239 USA. EM girish.bal@gmail.com; ed@ucair.med.utah.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov; larry@ucair.med.utah.edu OI DiBella, Edward/0000-0001-9196-3731 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2619 EP 2627 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.877152 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100022 ER PT J AU Gregor, J Benson, T Gleason, S Paulus, M Figueroa, S Hoffman, T Kennel, S Wall, J AF Gregor, J. Benson, T. Gleason, S. Paulus, M. Figueroa, S. Hoffman, T. Kennel, S. Wall, J. TI Approximate volumetric system models for MicroSPECT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amyloid; bone scan; image reconstruction; single photon emission computed tomography; small animal imaging; system model ID AMYLOID DEPOSITS; AA AMYLOIDOSIS; RESOLUTION; SENSITIVITY; PENETRATION AB A microSPECT system has been developed for the purpose of studying murine models of amyloidosis in vivo. The system is equipped with two detector heads, each consisting of a multi-anode photomultiplier tube coupled to a pixellated NaI(Tl) crystal array. Images are reconstructed using an OS-EM algorithm. In this paper, we describe the associated volumetric system models that we have developed in support of both pinhole and parallel hole collimation. These models, which are precomputed and stored to disk prior to reconstruction, are based on simple inner-product computations and a region-growing like search defined by the conic view that each detector pixel has of the image voxels. We provide illustrative experimental results based on phantom and mouse data. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. VA Biomol Imaging Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Med, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Gregor, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jgregor@cs.utk.edu; tbenson@cs.utk.edu; paulusmj@ornl.gov; figueroas@missouri.edu; hoffmant@missouri.edu; skennel@mc.utmck.edu; jwall@mc.utmck.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2646 EP 2652 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.882774 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100025 ER PT J AU Huber, JS Choong, WS Moses, WW Qi, J Hu, J Wang, GC Wilson, D Oh, S Huesman, RH Derenzo, SE Budinger, TF AF Huber, J. S. Choong, W. S. Moses, W. W. Qi, J. Hu, J. Wang, G. C. Wilson, D. Oh, S. Huesman, R. H. Derenzo, S. E. Budinger, T. F. TI Initial results of a positron tomograph for prostate imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE positron emission tomography (PET); prostate cancer ID EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CANCER; PET; CHOLINE; F-18-FDG AB We present the status and initial images of a positron tomograph for prostate imaging that centers a patient between a pair of external curved detector banks (ellipse: 45 cm minor, 70 cm major axis). The distance between detector banks adjusts to allow patient access and to position the detectors as closely as possible for maximum sensitivity with patients of various sizes. Each bank is composed of two axial rows of 20 CTI PET Systems HR+ block detectors for a total of 80 detectors in the camera. Compared to an ECAT HR PET system operating in 3D mode, our camera uses about one-quarter the number of detectors and has approximately the same sensitivity for a central point source, because our detectors are close to the patient. The individual detectors are angled in the plane to point towards the prostate to reduce resolution degradation in that region. The detectors are read out by modified CTI data acquisition electronics. We have completed construction of the gantry and electronics, have developed detector calibration and data acquisition software, and are taking coincidence data. We demonstrate that we can clearly visualize a "prostate" in a simple phantom. Reconstructed images of two phantoms are shown. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Qi, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qi@ucdavis.edu RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2653 EP 2659 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.882796 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100026 ER PT J AU Moses, WW Thompson, CJ AF Moses, W. W. Thompson, C. J. TI Timing calibration in PET using a time alignment probe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calibration; positron emission tomography (PET); timing ID CONSTANT-FRACTION DISCRIMINATOR; RESEARCH TOMOGRAPH; EXACT HR+; PERFORMANCE; SCANNER; ELECTRONICS; GENERATION; CIRCUITS; HRRT AB We evaluate the Scanwell Time Alignment Probe for performing the timing calibration for the LBNL Prostate-Specific PET Camera. We calibrate the time delay correction factors for each detector module in the camera using two methods-using the Time Alignment Probe (which measures the time difference between the probe and each detector module) and using the conventional method (which measures the timing difference between all module-module combinations in the camera). These correction factors, which are quantized in 2 ns steps, are compared on a module-by-module basis. The value's are in excellent agreement-of the 80 correction factors, 62 agree exactly, 17 differ by 1 step, and 1 differs by 2 steps. We also measure on-time and off-time counting rates when the two sets of calibration factors are loaded into the camera and find that they agree within statistical error. We conclude that the performance using the Time Alignment Probe and conventional methods are equivalent. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov; christopher.thompson@mcgill.ca NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2660 EP 2665 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.882797 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100027 ER PT J AU More, MJ Goodale, PJ Majewski, S Williams, MB AF More, Mitali J. Goodale, Patricia J. Majewski, Stan Williams, Mark B. TI Evaluation of gamma cameras for use in dedicated breast Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast imaging; scintimammography; small field of view gamma cameras ID SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY; DETECTOR; PSPMT AB Due to the limitations of conventional gamma cameras for breast imaging, many researchers are developing dedicated imagers for use in scintimammography that can be positioned closer to the breast, thereby improving spatial resolution. The purpose of this paper was to compare the performance characteristics of several dedicated gamma cameras with two different types of position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMTs), and four different NaI crystal arrays. Quantities evaluated include intrinsic spatial resolution, spatial resolution versus, source-to-crystal distance, energy resolution, intrinsic nonuniformity, and system sensitivity. In order to assess the impact of changing crystal size on lesion delectability, a contrast-detail study was also performed. Our studies demonstrate that the camera with the newer PSPMTs (Hamamatsu model H8500) shows superior performance in terms of uniformity and energy resolution. The contrast-detail performance of the camera with the highest spatial resolution (1.4-mm crystal pitch with a high resolution collimator) was poor, even with relatively high input fluence. However, the use of a high-efficiency collimator significantly improves object delectability. The camera with the largest (3.2 mm) crystal pitch performed better than the others tested, with both high resolution and high efficiency collimators. However, its performance for small lesion size was better with the high-resolution collimator. Hence, based on the results of the contrast-detail study, of the. cameras evaluated here, the camera with the 3.2-mm crystal pitch and the high-resolution collimator is best suited for imaging breast tumors. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP More, MJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM mbwilliams@virginia.edu NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2675 EP 2679 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.876003 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100030 ER PT J AU Welch, B Brem, R Kross, B Popov, V Wojcik, R Majewski, S AF Welch, Benjamin Brem, Rachel Kross, Brian Popov, Vladimir Wojcik, Randy Majewski, Stan TI Gamma-guided stereotactic breast biopsy system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biopsy; breast cancer; gamma camera; stereotactic ID DEDICATED SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY; LOCALIZATION; OPTIMIZATION AB A gamma-ray imaging system has been developed for acquiring stereo images of the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in breast tissue. The system consists of a small field-of-view gamma-ray camera mounted to a stereotactic biopsy table. The camera is mounted on a rotational arm such that it can be used to image the breast from two 15 degrees stereo views. These stereo images can be used to determine the three dimensional spatial location of a region of focal uptake. Once the location of this region is determined, this information can be used as a guide for stereotactic core needle biopsy. The accuracy that the spatial location of a source can be determined was investigated by moving a point source within the field of view. A center-of gravity calculation was used to localize the centroid of the image of the source and this was used to determine the spatial location. Measurements indicate that the source can be localized to within 1 mm. A comparison of the operation of the gamma imaging system and an x-ray imaging system has been done using a dual modality phantom. These measurements indicated that the spatial, location of an isolated source can be determined by the gamma imaging system to within approximately the same performance criteria as required for the X-ray system (1 mm). Collimators were tested to determine the spatial resolution in the transverse dimension and the impact of this transverse resolution on the axial resolution was investigated. The performance of this gamma-guided stereotactic biopsy system will be presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Welch, B (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM bwelch@jlab.org; rbrem@mfa.gwu.edu NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2690 EP 2697 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.876002 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HB UT WOS:000241367100032 ER PT J AU Mello, AG dos Anjos, A Armstrong, S Baines, JTM Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, JA Bosman, M Caron, B Casado, P Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Comune, G Muino, PC Crone, G Damazio, D De Santo, A Gomez, MD Di Mattia, A Ellis, N Emeliyanov, D Epp, B Falciano, S Garitaonandia, H George, S Ghete, V Goncalo, R Haller, J Kabana, S Khomich, A Kilvington, G Kirk, J Konstantinidis, N Kootz, A Lankford, AJ Lowe, A Luminari, L Maeno, T Masik, J Meessen, C Moore, R Morettini, P Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Osuna, C Padilla, C Panikashvili, N Parodi, F Pasqualucci, E Reale, VP Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Qian, Z Resconi, S Rosati, S Sanchez, C Santamarina, C Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Segura, E de Seixas, JM Sivoklokov, S Sobreira, A Soluk, R Stefanidis, E Sushkov, S Sutton, M Tapprogge, S Tarem, S Thomas, E Touchard, F Usaib, G Pinto, BV Ventura, A Vercesi, V Wengler, T Werner, P Wheeler, SJ Wickens, FJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Zobernig, G AF Mello, A. Gesualdi dos Anjos, A. Armstrong, S. Baines, J. T. M. Bee, C. P. Biglietti, M. Bogaerts, J. A. Bosman, M. Caron, B. Casado, P. Cataldi, G. Cavalli, D. Comune, G. Muino, P. Conde Crone, G. Damazio, D. De Santo, A. Gomez, M. Diaz Di Mattia, A. Ellis, N. Emeliyanov, D. Epp, B. Falciano, S. Garitaonandia, H. George, S. Ghete, V. Goncalo, R. Haller, J. Kabana, S. Khomich, A. Kilvington, G. Kirk, J. Konstantinidis, N. Kootz, A. Lankford, A. J. Lowe, A. Luminari, L. Maeno, T. Masik, J. Meessen, C. Moore, R. Morettini, P. Negri, A. Nikitin, N. Nisati, A. Osuna, C. Padilla, C. Panikashvili, N. Parodi, F. Pasqualucci, E. Reale, V. Perez Pinfold, J. L. Pinto, P. Qian, Z. Resconi, S. Rosati, S. Sanchez, C. Santamarina, C. Scannicchio, D. A. Schiavi, C. Segura, E. Seixas, J. M. de Sivoklokov, S. Sobreira, A. Soluk, R. Stefanidis, E. Sushkov, S. Sutton, M. Tapprogge, S. Tarem, S. Thomas, E. Touchard, F. Usaib, G. Pinto, B. Venda Ventura, A. Vercesi, V. Wengler, T. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. J. Wickens, F. J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Zobernig, G. TI Overview of the high-level trigger electron and photon selection for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATLAS experiment; combined test beam results; online selection of electrons and photons AB The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will face the challenge of efficiently selecting interesting candidate events in pp collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy, whilst rejecting the enormous number of background events. The High-Level Trigger (HLT = second level trigger and Event Filter), which is a software based trigger will need to reduce the level-1 output rate of approximate to 75 kHz to approximate to 200 Hz written out to mass storage. In this talk an overview of the current physics and system performance of the HLT selection for electrons and photons is given. The performance has been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and has been partly demonstrated in the ATLAS testbeam in 2004. The efficiency for the signal channels, the rate expected for the selection, the global data preparation and execution times will be highlighted. Furthermore, some physics examples will be discussed to demonstrate that the triggers are well adapted for the physics programme envisaged at the LHC. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, F-13284 Marseille 07, France. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, London NW1 4NS, England. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, D-6800 Mannheim 1, Germany. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, CFNUL, Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Mello, AG (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; OI Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2839 EP 2843 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.882049 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400001 ER PT J AU Khan, A Mommsen, RK Gradl, W Fritsch, M Petzold, A Roethel, W Smith, DA AF Khan, A. Mommsen, R. K. Gradl, W. Fritsch, M. Petzold, A. Roethel, W. Smith, D. A. TI Performance of the distributed central analysis in BaBar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data handling; data management; data processing; distributed computing AB The total dataset produced by the BaBar experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) currently comprises roughly 3 x 109 data events and an equal amount of simulated events, corresponding to 23 Tbytes of real data and 51 Tbytes simulated events. Since individual analyses typically select a very small fraction of all events, it would be extremely inefficient if each analysis had to process the full dataset. A first, centrally managed analysis step is therefore a common pre-selection (' skimming ') of all data according to very loose, inclusive criteria to facilitate data access for later analysis. Usually, there are common selection criteria for several analysis. However, they may change over time, e.g., when new analyses are developed. Currently, (100) such pre-selection streams (' skims ') are defined. In order to provide timely access to newly created or modified skims, it is necessary to process the complete dataset several times a year. Additionally, newly taken or simulated data has to be skimmed as it becomes available. The system currently deployed for skim production is using 1800 CPUs distributed over three production sites. It was possible to process the complete dataset within about 3.5 months. We report on the stability and the performance of the system. C1 Brunel Univ, Sch Engn & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92664 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Sch Engn & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM akram@slac.stanford.edu; mommsen@slac.stanford.edu; wgradl@slac.stanford.edu; miriam@epl.r-uhr-uni-bochum.de; a.petzold@physik.tu-dresden.de; roethel@slac.stanford.edu; douglas@slac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2876 EP 2880 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881737 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400007 ER PT J AU Chytracek, R McCormick, J Pokorski, W Santin, G AF Chytracek, Radovan McCormick, Jeremy Pokorski, Witold Santin, Giovanni TI Geometry description markup language for physics simulation and analysis applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE detector; GDML; Geant4; geometry; root; simulation AB The Geometry Description Markup Language (GDML) is a specialized XML-based language designed as an application-independent persistent format for describing the geometries of detectors associated with physics measurements. It serves to implement "geometry trees" which correspond to the hierarchy of volumes a detector. geometry can be composed of, and to allow to identify the position of individual solids, as well as to describe the materials they are made of. Being pure XML, GDML can be universally used, and in particular it can be considered as the format for interchanging geometries among different applications. In this paper we will present the current status of the development of GDML. After having discussed the contents of the latest GDML schema, which is the basic definition of the format, we will concentrate on the GDML processors. We will present the latest implementation of the GDML "writers", as well as "readers" for either Geant4 [2], [3] or ROOT [4], [10]. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. European Space Agcy, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Chytracek, R (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2892 EP 2896 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881062 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400010 ER PT J AU Antos, J Babik, M Benjamin, D Cabrera, S Chan, AW Chen, YC Coca, M Cooper, B Farrington, S Genser, K Hatakeyama, K Hou, S Hsieh, TL Jayatilaka, B Jun, SY Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Lysak, R Mandrichenko, IV Murat, P Robson, A Savard, P Siket, M Stelzer, B Syu, J Teng, PK Timm, SC Tomura, T Vataga, E Wolbers, SA AF Antos, J. Babik, M. Benjamin, D. Cabrera, S. Chan, A. W. Chen, Y. C. Coca, M. Cooper, B. Farrington, S. Genser, K. Hatakeyama, K. Hou, S. Hsieh, T. L. Jayatilaka, B. Jun, S. Y. Kotwal, A. V. Kraan, A. C. Lysak, R. Mandrichenko, I. V. Murat, P. Robson, A. Savard, P. Siket, M. Stelzer, B. Syu, J. Teng, P. K. Timm, S. C. Tomura, T. Vataga, E. Wolbers, S. A. TI Data processing model for the CDF experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer system; data processing; GRID ID PHYSICS AB The data processing model for the CDF experiment is described. Data processing reconstructs events from parallel data streams taken with different combinations of physics event triggers and further splits the events into datasets of specialised physics interests. The design of the processing control system makes strict requirements on bookkeeping records, which trace the status of data files and event contents during processing and storage. The computing architecture was updated to meet the mass data flow of the Run II data collection, recently upgraded to a maximum rate of 40 MByte/sec. The data processing facility consists of a large cluster of Linux computers with data movement managed by the CDF data handling system to a multi-petaByte Enstore tape library. The latest processing cycle has achieved a stable speed of 35 MByte/sec (3 TByte/day). It can be readily scaled by increasing CPU and data-handling capacity as required. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Duke Univ, CDF, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Antos, J (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. RI Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; OI Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2897 EP 2906 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881908 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400011 ER PT J AU Sullivan, CJ Martinez, ME Garner, SE AF Sullivan, C. J. Martinez, M. E. Garner, S. E. TI Wavelet analysis of sodium iodide spectra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; isotope identification; wavelet analysis AB Wavelet analysis is a mathematical technique that was presented in the mid-1980s to solve a variety of problems in signal analysis where the signal is aperiodic, noisy, transient, etc. More recently, wavelets have been applied to other problems such as feature detection and localization, making it a very promising tool for the analysis of gamma-ray spectra. Recent results have also shown that this technique has the potential to benefit over other approaches due, to the fact that the signal can simultaneously be analyzed over multiple scales by using wavelet analysis, thus eliminating potential false isotope identifications from artifacts such as the Compton edge and backscatter peaks. This implies that this peak localization algorithm is no longer a function of detector resolution, which changes with energy. We will present our results evaluating the technique of wavelet analysis for low-resolution (NaI) gamma-ray spectra. Emphasis will be placed on wavelet selection and the incorporation of a simple algorithm to the problem of isotope identification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sullivan, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B228, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM clair@lanl.gov OI Sullivan, Clair/0000-0003-4827-5348 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2916 EP 2922 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881909 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400013 ER PT J AU Baldini, L Brez, A Himel, T Johnson, RP Latronico, L Minuti, M Nelson, D Sadrozinski, HFW Sgro', C Spandre, G Sugizaki, M Tajima, H Cohen-Tanugi, J Young, C Ziegler, M AF Baldini, Luca Brez, Alessandro Himel, Thomas Johnson, R. P. Latronico, Luca Minuti, Massimo Nelson, David Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sgro', Carmelo Spandre, Gloria Sugizaki, Mutsumi Tajima, Hiro Cohen-Tanugi, Johann Young, Charles Ziegler, Marcus TI Fabrication of the GLAST silicon tracker readout electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE application specific integrated circuits; astronomical satellites; cables; fabrication; multichip modules ID AREA SPACE TELESCOPE AB A unique electronics system has been built and tested for reading signals from the silicon-strip detectors of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope mission. The system amplifies and processes signals from 884 736 36-cm long silicon strips in a 4 x 4 array of tower modules. An aggressive mechanical design fits the readout electronics in narrow spaces between the tower modules, to minimize dead area. This design and the resulting departures from conventional electronics packaging led to several fabrication challenges and lessons learned. This paper describes the fabrication processes and how the problems peculiar to this design were overcome. C1 Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa 3, Italy. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Baldini, L (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa 3, Italy. EM rjohnson@scipp.ucsc.edu RI Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; OI Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3013 EP 3020 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881061 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400027 ER PT J AU Milbrath, BD McIntyre, JI Runkle, RC Smith, LE AF Milbrath, Brian D. McIntyre, Justin I. Runkle, Robert C. Smith, L. Eric TI Contamination studies of LaCl3 : Ce scintillators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gamma spectroscopy; internal contaminants; La-138; LaCl3 : Ce; scintillator ID DETECTORS AB Original lanthanum halide scintillators suffered significantly from internal alpha contamination due to (227) Ac. As the effect of this contamination has been substantially reduced, and the crystal sizes have grown towards volumes that are useful for many applications, the effect of the gamma-, beta-, and x-ray-contamination due to La-138 in these materials has risen to the foreground. This paper discusses and quantifies the current status of lanthanum halide contamination. Included are comparisons with other internally-contaminated, commercially-available scintillators and computer simulation results to breakdown contamination versus background contributions. Although the high resolution of the lanthanum halides holds great promise, the internal activity clearly places limits on their superiority. C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Milbrath, BD (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.milbrath@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3031 EP 3034 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.881064 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400030 ER PT J AU Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN AF Amman, Mark Lee, Julie S. Luke, Paul N. TI Temperature study of CdZnTe coplanar-grid detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe; coplanar-grid; gamma-ray detector ID PERFORMANCE; SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRODES AB The coplanar-grid (CPG) and other electron-only detection techniques have made possible the use of CdZnTe-based detectors for gamma-ray spectroscopy when high efficiency, good energy resolution, and near room temperature operation are required. Despite the demonstrated potential of the technologies, widespread use remains hampered in part by the limited availability of the highly uniform CdZnTe material required for high-resolution spectroscopy. However, it has been recently shown that mild cooling of CdZnTe CPG detectors can result in a significant improvement in the energy resolution of the detectors thereby allowing a wider range of material to be used for high-resolution applications. In this paper, we show that improved spectroscopic performance can consistently be achieved through a combination of detector cooling and increased detector bias. Energy resolutions of about 1% FWHM at 662 keV for detector volumes up to 2.3 cm(3) have been obtained at -20 degrees C. With the electronic noise subtracted, this amounts to an intrinsic resolution of 0.8%. We also show that further cooling of the detectors to -30 degrees C leads to field polarization and a loss of spectroscopic performance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Mark_Amman@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 53 IS 5 BP 3035 EP 3040 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.879909 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 096HE UT WOS:000241367400031 ER PT J AU Manay, S Cremers, D Hong, BW Yezzi, AJ Soatto, S AF Manay, Siddharth Cremers, Daniel Hong, Byung-Woo Yezzi, Anthony J., Jr. Soatto, Stefano TI Integral invariants for shape matching SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE integral invariants; shape; shape matching; shape distance; shape retrieval ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; PLANAR CURVES; FOURIER DESCRIPTORS; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; SIGNATURE CURVES; CROSS-RATIO; SCALE-SPACE; REPRESENTATION; SIMILARITY; CLASSIFICATION AB For shapes represented as closed planar contours, we introduce a class of functionals which are invariant with respect to the Euclidean group and which are obtained by performing integral operations. While such integral invariants enjoy some of the desirable properties of their differential counterparts, such as locality of computation (which allows matching under occlusions) and uniqueness of representation (asymptotically), they do not exhibit the noise sensitivity associated with differential quantities and, therefore, do not require presmoothing of the input shape. Our formulation allows the analysis of shapes at multiple scales. Based on integral invariants, we define a notion of distance between shapes. The proposed distance measure can be computed efficiently and allows warping the shape boundaries onto each other; its computation results in optimal point correspondence as an intermediate step. Numerical results on shape matching demonstrate that this framework can match shapes despite the deformation of subparts, missing parts and noise. As a quantitative analysis, we report matching scores for shape retrieval from a database. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Bonn, Dept Comp Sci, D-53117 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Manay, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, POB 508,L-290, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM smanay.ece98@talumni.org; dcremers@cs.uni-bonn.de; hong@cs.ucla.edu; ayezzi@ece.gatech.edu; soatto@ucla.edu RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008; OI Hong, Byung-Woo/0000-0003-2752-3939 FU NCRR NIH HHS [U54 RR021813] NR 95 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1602 EP 1618 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.208 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 071ME UT WOS:000239605500005 PM 16986542 ER PT J AU Oliver, BV Lehr, JM Savage, ME AF Oliver, Bryan V. Lehr, Jane M. Savage, Mark E. TI Guest Editorial - Special Issue on Pulsed-Power Science and Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oliver, BV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bvolive@sandia.gov; jmlehr@sandia.gov; mesavag@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1583 EP 1584 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883408 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700001 ER PT J AU Qian, J Joshi, RP Schoenbach, KH Woodworth, JR Sarkisov, GS AF Qian, Jun Joshi, Ravindra P. Schoenbach, Karl H. Woodworth, J. R. Sarkisov, G. S. TI Model analysis, of self- and laser-triggered electrical break down of liquid water for pulsed-power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE microbubble; polarity effect; submicrosecond pulse; water breakdown ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; HIGH-FIELD CONDUCTION; DIELECTRIC LIQUIDS; CLUSTER EMISSION; STREAMERS; PROPAGATION; ALGORITHMS; ELECTRONS; PRESSURE; PLATINUM AB Electrical breakdown simulations for liquids, in response to a submicrosecond (similar to 100-200 ns) voltage pulse, are carried out. It is shown that breakdown is initiated by field emission at them interface of preexisting microbubbles. Impact ionization within the microbubble gas then contributes to plasma development, with cathode injection having a delayed and secondary role. The model used in this paper adequately explains experimentally the observations of prebreakdown current fluctuations, streamer propagation and branching, as well as disparities in hold-off voltage and breakdown initiation times between the anode and the cathode polarities. It is demonstrated that polarity effects basically arise from the large mobility difference between electrons and ions. Breakdown is shown to occur either through the application of an overvoltage pulse, or be triggered by an external laser under electrical stress. With laser excitation, a string of point plasma formation is predicted, followed by rapidly propagating streamers and subsequent breakdown. This matches the recent work at Sandia National Laboratories. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Qian, J (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1680 EP 1691 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.876520 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700011 ER PT J AU Chen, LH Cha, YS Claus, H Zheng, H Veal, BW Peng, FZ AF Chen, Lihua Cha, Yung S. Claus, Helmut Zheng, Hong Veal, Boyd W. Peng, Fang Z. TI Optimization of pulsed-current profile for magnetizing high T-C bulk YBCO superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE high T-C superconductors; pulsed current; pulsed field magnetization (PFM); trapped field ID FIELD MAGNETIZATION; TRAPPED-FIELD; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION AB Compared with conventional field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling magnetization methods, pulsed field magnetization (PFM) is a promising way to magnetize high-temperature superconductors (HTS) with the advantage of dramatically decreasing the size and complexity of the electromagnetic charging system. The effects of the amplitude, width, and ramp rate of the pulsed current are reported. Transient responses of the HTS to pulsed magnetic fields are discussed and analyzed. A series of three pulses was found to be adequate to magnetize the HTS monolith with optimal trapped field if proper pulse amplitudes and widths are applied. Experiments verified that the trapped magnetic fields of HTS by PFM were comparable to those obtained by FC magnetization. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chenlih2@msu.edu; yscha@anl.gov; claus@anl.gov; zheng@anl.gov; veal@anl.gov; fzpeng@egr.msu.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1702 EP 1708 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.881890 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700014 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Oliver, BV Leckbee, JJ Maenchen, JE Johnson, DL Kim, AA Kovalchuk, BM Sinebryukhov, VA AF Rose, David V. Welch, Dale R. Oliver, Bryan V. Leckbee, Joshua J. Maenchen, John E. Johnson, David L. Kim, Alexandre A. Kovalchuk, Boris M. Sinebryukhov, Vadim A. TI Numerical analysis of a pulsed compact LTD system for electron beam-driven radiography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE linear transformer driver; magnetically insulated transmission line; particle-in-cell simulation; X-ray source ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; ROD-PINCH DIODE; FUSION ENERGY; POWER; LASERS AB This paper describes the configuration and operation of a seven-cavity linear transformer driver (LTD) system. This LTD system is configured to deliver similar to 1 MV and 125 kA into a critically damped load. A detailed transmission line model coupled to particle-in-cell simulations is used to assess the system electrical performance. The evolution of the electron power flow in negative polarity is simulated, and the impact of this flow on the operation of the system with a large-area hollow electron beam diode is examined. The simulation results are compared with available electrical measurements and with dose rate measurements were a flash X-ray pulse is produced by an annular electron beam diode. These comparisons suggest that the LTD system meets the design specifications and is a robust pulsed power architecture. Additionally, the positive polarity operation for the LTD system driving a rod-pinch diode load is modeled to further assess the utility of the LTD system. C1 Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. High Current Elect Inst, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1879 EP 1887 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.881297 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700039 ER PT J AU Leckbee, JJ Maenchen, JE Johnson, DL Portillo, S VanDeValde, DM Rose, DV Oliver, BV AF Leckbee, Joshua J. Maenchen, John E. Johnson, David L. Portillo, Salvador VanDeValde, David M. Rose, David V. Oliver, Bryan V. TI Design, simulation, and fault analysis of a 6.5-MV LTD for flash X-ray radiography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE circuit simulation; electron accelerator; pulse power systems; radiography; X-ray applications ID DIODE AB The design of a 6.5-MV linear transformer driver (LTD) for flash-radiography experiments is presented. The design is based on a previously tested 1-MV LTD and is predicted to be capable of producing diode voltages of 6.5 MV for a 50-Omega radiographic-diode load. Several fault modes are identified, and circuit simulations are used to determine their effect on the output pulse and other components. For all the identified fault modes, the peak load voltage is reduced by less than 5%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Pulsed Power Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. L3 Commun Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. EG&G Tech Serv Inc, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. Voss Sci LLC, Computat Phys Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Leckbee, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Pulsed Power Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1888 EP 1899 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.879553 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700040 ER PT J AU Jackson, DP Savage, ME Mendel, CW Gilmore, MA AF Jackson, Daniel P., Jr. Savage, Mark E. Mendel, Clifford W., Jr. Gilmore, Mark A. TI Ion collection current diagnostic for exploring plasma opening switch performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE plasma diagnostics; plasma measurements; pulse power system switches; switches ID SPACE-CHARGE; VACUUM AB A study of the triggered plasma opening switch characteristics is in progress via an ion current collection diagnostic (ICCD) in addition to an offline apparatus. The ICCD will be used to explore the opening profile of the plasma opening switch. The design and fabrication of the diagnostic, as well as theoretical work to understand its functioning, and the initial measurements are presented. The ICCD utilizes 12 biased charge collectors that are positioned perpendicularly to the main switch in order to collect radially traveling ions emitted from the switch plasma. The maximum possible gap is 5 cm, and the radius of the cathode is 18 cm. As long as gap variations are small compared to the gap, it has been shown that this cylindrical geometry can be treated as a planar case of the Child-Langmuir law with only a 6% error. Additionally, electrostatic simulations with self-consistent space charge have been done using a static two-dimensional finite-element solver. It is hoped that the ICCD experimental data will provide insight into the operation of this plasma opening switch. C1 Boeing Co, Phantom Works Elect Effects, Tukwila, WA 98108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Jackson, DP (reprint author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works Elect Effects, Tukwila, WA 98108 USA. EM danjackson@spu.edu; cwmende@sandia.gov; gilmore@ece.unm.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1900 EP 1907 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.881296 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700041 ER PT J AU Portillo, S Lutz, SS Mix, LP Hahn, K Rovang, D Maenchen, JE Molina, I Cordova, S Droemer, D Chavez, R Ziska, D AF Portillo, Salvador Lutz, S. S. Mix, L. P. Hahn, K. Rovang, D. Maenchen, John E. Molina, I. Cordova, S. Droemer, D. Chavez, R. Ziska, D. TI Time-resolved spot size measurements from various radiographic diodes on the RITS-3 accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE beam diagnostics; diode diagnostics; spot size; Temb resolved spot size AB Sandia National Laboratories is leading an intensive research effort into fielding and diagnosing electron-beam flash radiographic X-ray sources. Several X-ray sources are presently being studied, including the self-magnetic pinched diode, the immersed Bz diode, and the plasma-filled flat cathode (paraxial) diode. These studies are being carried out on RITS-3, an inductive voltage adder accelerator capable of delivering 140 kA at 5 MV with a radiation pulse of 70-ns full width at half maximum. The interactions of the electron beam with plasmas created at the anode and/or cathode, for the self-pinched and Bz diode or in the plasma cell for the paraxial diode, can greatly effect the temporal behavior of the radiation spot size. Measuring the dynamic behavior of the beam size and coupling this with theoretical models of the beam plasma interactions can lead to improvements that can be made in these sources. A time-resolved spot size diagnostic (TRSD) has been developed and fielded on RITS-3. This diagnostic consists of a linear array of scintillating fibers, shadowed by a tungsten rolled edge. The scintillating array is optically coupled to a streak camera, and the output is recorded on a charge coupled device. This paper presents a description of this second-generation TRSD as well as data on the time history behavior of the spot sizes for these three diodes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bechtel Nevada Corp, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Portillo, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1908 EP 1913 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883343 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700042 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ AF Turchi, Peter J. TI Scaling of pulsed power-driven hydrodynamics experiments with capacitors and flux compressors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE hydrodynamics; imploding liners; pulsed power; scaling laws ID IMPLOSION AB Pulsed power hydrodynamics experiments typically involve multi-megajoule capacitor banks or magnetic-flux compression generators imploding thin-walled cylinders of solid-density metal by the electromagnetic force associated with axial currents in excess of 10 MA. Much of this activity operates with technology developed for other applications (e.g., soft X-ray generation), which can be significantly larger than actually required for the scientific objectives of such experiments. This is particularly true if imaging diagnostics (e.g., proton radiography) with greater spatial and temporal resolution become available, permitting implosion experiments of smaller scale size. This paper develops scaling relationships for liner implosions driven capacitively (direct or transformer coupled) or by magnetic-flux compression generators and indicates a substantial reduction in system energy with reduced scale size. A set of five dimensionless parameters describes all three circuit arrangements in a unified framework. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM turchi@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1919 EP 1927 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.877212 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097ID UT WOS:000241439700044 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Velikovich, AL AF Coverdale, Christine A. Velikovich, Alexander L. TI Special issue on Z-pinch plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2231 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883394 PN 3 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000001 ER PT J AU Sotnikov, VI Ivanov, VV Cowan, TE Leboeuf, JNG Oliver, BV Coverdale, CA Jones, BM Deeney, C Mehlhom, TA Sarkisov, GS LePell, PD AF Sotnikov, Vladimir I. Ivanov, Vladimir V. Cowan, Thomas E. Leboeuf, Jean-Noel G. Oliver, Brian V. Coverdale, Christine A. Jones, Brent M. Deeney, Christopher Mehlhom, Thomas A. Sarkisov, Germady S. LePell, P. David TI Investigation of electromagnetic-flute-mode instability in a high-beta Z-pinch plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flute modes; nonlinear cascades; turbulence; Z-pinch plasmas ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; LARMOR RADIUS; LINEAR-STABILITY; IMPLOSION; DYNAMICS; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; FLOWS AB Recent experiments (laser multiframe shadowgraphy and Faraday rotation diagnostics) with Al imploding wire arrays in the 1-MA "Zebra" accelerator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility have demonstrated that a significant amount of current is going through the central region of the high-beta precursor plasma. With time, the perturbations develop both long scale structures and short-wavelength oscillations in the directions perpendicular to the magnetic field. The most likely candidate for the observed phenomena is the flutelike electromagnetic modes. These are excited in the current-carrying high-beta inhomogeneous precursor plasma due to the curvature of the magnetic field produced by the current. These modes may also play a role in the stagnation phase of Z-pinches. In this paper, nonlinear equations describing electromagnetic-flute-type oscillations in the high-beta precursor plasma are derived, and the linear stage of instability of these waves is examined. A comparison with the experimental results is performed as well. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. ATK, MRC, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Sotnikov, VI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM sotnikov@physics.unr.edu; leboeuf@physics.ucla.edu; Bryan.Oliver@atk.com; sarkisov@sandia.gov RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2239 EP 2246 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.878373 PN 3 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000003 ER PT J AU Ivanov, VV Sarkisov, GS Laca, PJ Sotnikov, VI Kantsyrev, VL Jones, BM Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Deeney, C Struve, KW Astanovitskiy, AL Fedin, DA Le Galloudec, B Nalajala, V Shrestha, I Cowan, TE AF Ivanov, Vladimir V. Sarkisov, Germady S. Laca, Paul J. Sotnikov, Vladimir I. Kantsyrev, Victor L. Jones, Brent M. Coverdale, Christine A. LePell, P. David Deeney, Christopher Struve, Kenneth W. Astanovitskiy, A. L. Fedin, Dmitry A. Le Galloudec, Bruno Nalajala, Vidya Shrestha, Ishor Cowan, Thomas E. TI Investigation of magnetic fields in 1-MA wire arrays and X-pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Faraday effect; laser probing; plasma turbulence; wire-array Z-pinch; Z-pinch plasmas ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; RAY POWER; PLASMA; IMPLOSIONS; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB A Faraday rotation diagnostic was applied for the investigation of magnetic fields in plasma of 1-MA wire arrays and X-pinches. Laser-probing diagnostics at the Zebra generator include a four-channel polarointerferometer and a four-frame shadowgraphy. The Faraday rotation diagnostic consists of shadow and Faraday channels, shearing air-wedge interferometer, and an additional schlieren channel. The implosion dynamics of the wire arrays were studied. A current in the plasma column of At low-wire number arrays was found by the Faraday rotation diagnostic. Optical diagnostics showed a turbulent plasma and bubblelike objects in the plasma column of Al wire arrays. The Faraday rotation diagnostic demonstrated a complicated structure of magnetic fields in X-pinch plasma. C1 Univ Nevada, NTF, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ivanov, VV (reprint author), Univ Nevada, NTF, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM ivanov@physics.unr.edu RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2247 EP 2255 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.877693 PN 3 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000004 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Clark, RW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Coleman, PL Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Jones, BM LePell, PD AF Thornhill, J. Ward Velikovich, Alexander L. Clark, Robert W. Apruzese, John P. Davis, Jack Whitney, Kenneth G. Coleman, Philip L. Coverdale, Christine A. Deeney, Christopher Jones, Brent M. LePell, P. David TI Assessing the ZR machine's potential for producing multi-keV X-ray yields in K-shell line and free-bound continuum radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma pinch; X-ray production. ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ATOMIC-NUMBER; Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION; RECOMBINATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMA; VELOCITY; TITANIUM AB This paper presents theoretical extrapolations for the multi-keV X-ray radiation production capability of the 26-MA ZR accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories, which is scheduled to become available for experiments in 2007. These extrapolations are based on scaling models and ideas that have been developed over the years. These models and ideas have evolved and been refined through the process of benchmarking one-dimensional non-local-thermodynamic equilibrium magnetohydrodynamic model results to experimental K-shell yields and powers as well as inferred temperatures and densities. For this ZR assessment, the models are first benchmarked to K-shell yields obtained from argon, titanium, stainless-steel, and copper Z experiments and then they are applied to extrapolate yield predictions to the ZR machine. Extrapolations are based on 2-cm-length loads and similar wire configurations and nozzle designs as those employed in Z experiments. Projected K-shell yields for Ar (photon energy similar to 3 keV), Ti (similar to 5 keV), stainless steel (similar to 7 keV), and Cu (similar to 8.6 keV) are 520, 300, 200, and 80 kJ, respectively. In addition, the high-energy free-bound continuum emission above 10 keV is calculated to be 40 kJ on ZR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ward.thornhill@nrl.navy.mil; cacover@sandia.gov RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2377 EP 2391 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883380 PN 3 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IG UT WOS:000241440000022 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Haynes, WB Krawczyk, FL Romero, FP Russell, SJ Smirnova, EI Wang, ZF AF Carlsten, Bruce E. Earley, Lawrence M. Haynes, W. Brian Krawczyk, Frank L. Romero, Frank P. Russell, Steven J. Smirnova, Evgenya I. Wang, Zhi-Fu TI Beam line design, beam alignment procedure, and initial results for the W-Band gain experiment at Los Alamos SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; electron tubes; microwave amplifiers; millimeter-wave power amplifiers; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) AB A gain experiment was performed at Los Alamos using a 120-keV 2-A cylindrical electron beam with a ridged waveguide slow-wave structure at 94 GHz, demonstrating 22 dB of amplification through a traveling-wave interaction. The structure was planar with a gap of 0.75 mm and a length of 5 cm. The 2-A electron beam was confined in a 3.2-kG axial magnetic field, with roughly a 0.5-mm diameter. The electron beam was aligned along the magnetic axis of the solenoid by scribing out its cyclotron motion on a novel optical diagnostic using a procedure that depends on varying the solenoidal field strength. The transport through the structure was verified by letting the beam drill holes in a series of thin metallic foils before insertion of the structure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bcarlsten@lanl.gov OI Carlsten, Bruce/0000-0001-5619-907X; Krawczyk, Frank/0000-0001-8306-2562; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2393 EP 2403 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883386 PN 4 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IJ UT WOS:000241440300001 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Haynes, WB Roybal, WT Tallerico, PJ AF Carlsten, Bruce E. Haynes, W. Brian Roybal, William T. Tallerico, Paul J. TI Green's function simulation of space-charge effects in electron beams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beams; electron beams; electron tubes; klystrons; microwave amplifiers; traveling-wave tubes ID CAVITIES AB In this paper, a new numerical model for spacecharge forces in electron beams based on a Green's function approach is described. In this model, the beam is simulated by a series of rings with nonzero thickness and length. The space-charge force on a ring is found by summing over all the interactions with all the other rings, where each interaction force is integrated over the entire volume of each source rings. With proper beam initialization of the simulation parameters, the rings can perfectly form the electron beam, leading to a very smooth and accurate calculation of the space-charge fields. The space-charge fields calculated this way can be more accurate than those found with particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations. The fields can also be distributed onto a mesh, as in a PIC calculation, leading to equivalent accuracy with greatly reduced simulation times. The accuracy of this type of model is demonstrated by comparing the harmonic-current evolution from an RF gap for a transversely cold confined beam to analytic theory and we show its utility with a large-signal annular beam klystron simulation using this technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bcarlsten@lanl.gov OI Carlsten, Bruce/0000-0001-5619-907X NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2404 EP 2413 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883382 PN 4 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IJ UT WOS:000241440300002 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Araki, S Park, SH Park, JT Kim, DS Park, HC Yokoyama, K AF Nakata, Akinori Araki, Shunichi Park, Sang-Hwoi Park, Jong-Tae Kim, Dae-Sung Park, Hee-Chan Yokoyama, Kazuhito TI Decreases in CD8+T, naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T, and B (CD19+) lymphocytes by exposure to manganese fume SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE manganese; naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T lymphocyte; CD8+T lymphocyte; CD19+B lymphocyte; welders; occupational exposure; immunotoxicity; lymphocyte subpopulation ID ELECTRIC-POWER PLANT; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CELL SUBPOPULATIONS; BETA-NAPHTHYLAMINE; LEAD WORKERS; INDUCER; BENZIDINE AB To examine the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn) on the cellular and humoral immune system in men, T lymphocyte subpopulations, B (CD19+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes were measured in blood samples from 21 welders mainly exposed to Mn fume with blood Mn (BMn) concentrations of 0.6-2.3 (mean 1.4) mu g/dl and 21 healthy controls working in the same factory (BMn concentrations: 0.7 to 1.7, mean 1.1 mu g/dl). The workers engaged in welding for 6 to 36 (mean 17) yr. All the study subjects were divided into 3 equally sized groups (n=14 for each group) according to BMn concentrations. Numbers of CD8+ T, total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and total lymphocytes were significantly lower in high-BMn group than those in low-BMn group; the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in moderate-BMn group compared to low-BMn group. After adjusting for age and smoking, significant inverse correlations between BMn concentrations and CD4+CD45RA+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD3+ T, and total lymphocytes were found. We conclude that T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes are affected by exposure to Mn fume. C1 NIOSH, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NIMH, Div Psychosomat Res, Natl ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Chiba 2720827, Japan. Hallym Univ, Dept Social Med, Coll Med, Seoul 150030, South Korea. Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Coll Med, Seoul 136705, South Korea. Mie Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. RP Araki, S (reprint author), NIOSH, Tama Ku, 6-21-1 Nagao, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148585, Japan. RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.2486/indhealth.44.592 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 101MM UT WOS:000241744900009 PM 17085920 ER PT J AU Tuanyok, A Tom, M Dunbar, J Woods, DE AF Tuanyok, Apichai Tom, Marina Dunbar, John Woods, Donald E. TI Genome-wide expression analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a hamster model of acute melioidosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SECRETION SYSTEM; VIRULENCE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; RESISTANCE; FLAGELLIN; PATHOGEN; SURVIVAL; INVASION AB Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and represents a potential bioterrorism threat. In the current studies we have examined gene expression in B. pseudomallei in an animal model of acute melioidosis using whole-genome microarrays. Gene expression profiles were generated by comparing transcriptional levels of B. pseudomallei-expressed genes in infected hamster organs including liver, lung, and spleen following intraperitoneal and intranasal routes of infection to those from bacteria grown in vitro. Differentially expressed genes were similar in infected livers irrespective of the route of infection. Reduced expression of a number of housekeeping genes suggested a lower bacterial growth rate during infection. Energy production during growth in vivo involved specific biochemical pathways such as isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate, catabolism Of D-glucosamine and inositol, and biosynthesis of particular amino acids. In addition, the induction of genes known to be involved in, oxidative phosphorylation including ubiquinol oxidase, ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and formate dehydrogenase enzymes suggested the use of alternative pathways for energy production, while the expression of genes coding for ATP-synthase and NADH-dehydrogenase enzymes was reduced. Our studies have identified differentially expressed genes which include potential virulence genes such as those for a putative phospholipase C and a putative two-component regulatory system, and they have also provided a better understanding of bacterial metabolism in response to the host environment during acute melioidosis. C1 Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Woods, DE (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Hlth Sci Ctr, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM woods@ucalgary.ca NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 10 BP 5465 EP 5476 DI 10.1128/IAI.00737-06 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 090RF UT WOS:000240967900005 PM 16988221 ER PT J AU Greene, R Crecelius, E AF Greene, Richard Crecelius, Eric TI Total and Inorganic Arsenic in Mid-Atlantic Marine Fish and Shellfish and Implications for Fish Advisories SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic speciation; Fish tissue; Fish advisories AB Sampling was conducted in 2002 to determine the total concentration and chemical speciation of arsenic in several marine fish and shellfish species collected from the Delaware Inland Bays and the Delaware Estuary, both of which are important estuarine waterbodies in the US Mid-Atlantic region that support recreational and commercial fishing. Edible meats from summer flounder (Paralicthys dentatus), striped bass (Marone saxatilis), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulates), and hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) were tested. Total arsenic was highest in summer flounder, followed by hard clam, then striped bass, and finally, Atlantic croaker. Total arsenic was higher in summer flounder collected during the spring, as these fish migrated into the Inland Bays from the continental shelf, compared with levels in summer flounder collected during the fall, after these fish had spent the summer in the Inland Bays. Similarly, striped bass collected in the early spring close to the ocean had higher total arsenic levels compared with levels detected in striped bass collected later during the year in waters with lower salinity. Speciation of arsenic revealed low concentrations (0.00048-0.02 mu g/g wet wt) of toxic inorganic arsenic. Dimethylarsinic acid was more than an order of magnitude greater in hard clam meats than in the other species tested, a finding that was attributed to arsenic uptake by phytoplankton and subsequent dietary uptake by the clam. Risk assessment using the inorganic arsenic concentrations was used to conclude that a fish consumption advisory is not warranted. C1 [Greene, Richard] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, 820 Silver Lake Blvd,Suite 220, Dover, DE 19904 USA. [Crecelius, Eric] Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Greene, R (reprint author), Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, 820 Silver Lake Blvd,Suite 220, Dover, DE 19904 USA. EM richard.greene@state.de.us FU State of Delaware FX The State of Delaware provided funding for this work. Personnel from the State of Delaware's Division of Water Resources and the Division of Fish and Wildlife secured and processed the field samples. David Wolanski provided mapping support. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the thoughtful comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewers on the draft manuscript. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 344 EP 354 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020406 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WW UT WOS:000209712500006 PM 17069176 ER PT J AU Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ Cargile, JD AF Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ Cargile, JD TI The effect of concrete target diameter on projectile deceleration and penetration depth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE penetration; concrete target diameter; deceleration-time measurements ID OGIVE-NOSE PROJECTILES; LIMESTONE TARGETS; STEEL PROJECTILES; RODS AB We conducted sets of experiments with three diameters of concrete targets that had an average compressive strength of 23 MPa (3.3 ksi) and 76.2-mm-diameter, 3.0 caliber-radius-head, 13-kg projectiles. The three target diameters were D = 1.83, 1.37, and 0.9 1, so the ratios of the target diameters to the projectile diameter were D/d = 24, 18, and 12. The ogive-nose projectiles were machined from 4340 R(c)45 steel and designed to contain a single-channel acceleration data recorder. Thus, we recorded acceleration during launch and deceleration during penetration. An 83-mm-diameter powder gun launched the 13-kg projectiles to striking velocities between 160 and 340m/s. Measured penetration depths and deceleration-time data were analyzed with a previously published model. We measured negligible changes in penetration depth and only small decreases in deceleration magnitude as the targets' diameters were reduced. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Frew, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djfrew@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 48 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1584 EP 1594 DI 10.1016/j.ijmpeng.2005.01.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 032ZC UT WOS:000236814400003 ER PT J AU Fu, YJ Laskin, J Wang, LS AF Fu, You-Jun Laskin, Julia Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Collision-induced dissociation of [4Fe-4S] cubane cluster complexes: [Fe4S4Cl4-x(SC2H5)(x)](2-/1-) (x=0-4) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; Fourior transform ion cyclotron resonance; FTMS; Fe-S cluster; Fe-S protein; collision-induced dissociation; MS/MS ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INTRINSIC REDOX PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SYMMETRIC FISSION; CHARGED ANIONS; RESONANCE; NITROGENASE AB Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments on a series of [4Fe-4S] cluster ions, [Fe4S4Cl4-x (SC2H5)(x)](2-/1-) (x = 0-4), revealed that their fragmentation channels change with the coordination environment. Among the three Coulomb repulsion related channels for the doubly charged species, the collision induced electron detachment channel was found to become more significant from x = 0 to 4 due to the decreasing electron binding energies and the magnitude of repulsion Coulomb barrier, while both the ligand detachment of Cl- and the fission of the [Fe4S4](2+), core became more and more significant with the increase of the Cl- coordination, and eventually became the dominant channel at x = 0. From the parents containing the -SC2H5 ligand, neutral losses of HSC2H5 (62 u) and/or HSCH=CH2 (60 u) were observed. It was proposed that inter- and intra-ligand proton transfer could happen during the CID process, resulting in hydrogen coordination to the [4Fe-4S] cluster. In the presence of O-2, [Fe4S4Cl3(SC2H5)](2-) and [Fe4S4Cl4](2-) can form the O-2-substituted products [Fe4S4Cl2(SC2H5)O-2](-) and [Fe4S4Cl3O2](-), respectively. It was shown that the O-2 complexation occurs by coordination to the empty iron site of the [4Fe-4S] cubane core after dissociation of one Cl- ligand. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 255 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.12.009 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 082IV UT WOS:000240380900014 ER PT J AU Mucklich, F Lasagni, A Daniel, C AF Muecklich, Frank Lasagni, Andres Daniel, Claus TI Laser Interference metallurgy - using interference as a tool for micro/nano structuring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE laser interference metallurgy; intermetallics; topography; mechanical properties ID THIN-FILMS; IRRADIATION; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR AB Interfering laser beams of a high-power pulsed laser provide the opportunity of applying a direct lateral interaction with the surface microstructure of metals in micro/nanoscale based on photo-thermal nature mechanisms. This "Laser interference metallurgy" allows the creation of periodic patterns of features with a well defined long-range order on metallic surfaces at the scale of typical microstructures (from the sub micrometer level up to micrometers). This technique is an approach to initiate metallurgical processes such as melting, recrystallization, recovery, and defect and phase formation in the lateral scale of the microstructure itself and with an additional long range order given by the interference periodicity. In this work, the laser interference theory is described and used to calculate multi-beam interference patterns. A method to calculate the numbers of laser beams as well as the geometrical arrangement of the beams to obtain a desired periodical pattern prior to experiments is presented. The formation of long-range-ordered intermetallic compounds as well as macroscopic and microscopic variations of mechanical properties on structured metallic thin films are presented as examples. C1 Univ Saarland, Dept Mat Sci, Funct Mat Lab, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mucklich, F (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Dept Mat Sci, Funct Mat Lab, POB 151150, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. EM muecke@matsci.uni-sb.de RI Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008 OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054 NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1337 EP 1344 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101QY UT WOS:000241756700006 ER PT J AU Pati, JC AF Pati, Jogesh C. TI Grand unification as a bridge between string theory and phenomenology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Einstein's Legacy in the New Millennium CY DEC 15-22, 2005 CL Puri, INDIA SP InterUniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Utkal Univ & Inst Phys, IAGRG, IMSc, RRI, SINP, TIFR DE grand unification; phenomenology; string theory ID PROTON-DECAY; GAUGE-THEORY; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; NON-CONSERVATION; MODEL; VIOLATION; NUMBER; MASSES; SUPERSYMMETRY AB In the first part of this paper, we explain what empirical evidence points to the need for having an effective grand unification-like symmetry possessing the symmetry SU(4)-color in 4D. If one assumes the premises of a future predictive theory including gravity - be it string/M-theory or a reincarnation - this evidence then suggests that such a theory should lead to an effective grand unification-like symmetry as above in 4D, near the string-GUT-scale, rather than the standard model symmetry. Advantages of an effective supersymmetric G(224) = SU(2)(L) X SU(2)(R) x SU(4)(c) or SO(10) symmetry in 4D in explaining (i) observed neutrino oscillations, (ii) baryogenesis via leptogenesis, and (iii) certain fermion mass-relations are noted. And certain distinguishing tests of a SUSY G(224) or SO(10)-framework involving CP and flavor violations (as in mu --> e gamma, tau --> mu gamma, edm's of the neutron and the electron) as well as proton decay are briefly mentioned. Recalling some of the successes we have had in our understanding of nature so far, and the current difficulties of string/M-theory as regards the large multiplicity of string vacua, some comments are made on the traditional goal of understanding vis a vis the recently evolved view of landscape and anthropism. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pati, JC (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1677 EP 1697 DI 10.1142/S0218271806009030 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104YT UT WOS:000241997200011 ER PT J AU Cappa, F Guglielmi, Y Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF Thoraval, A AF Cappa, F. Guglielmi, Y. Rutqvist, J. Tsang, C. -F. Thoraval, A. TI Hydromechanical modelling of pulse tests that measure fluid pressure and fracture normal displacement at the Coaraze Laboratory site, France SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE numerical modelling; pulse tests; hydromechanical coupling; distinct element method; finite element method; fracture networks ID DEFORMABLE ROCK FRACTURE; NORMAL STRESS; JOINT DEFORMATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; SLUG TESTS; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; STIFFNESS; GRANITE AB In situ fracture mechanical deformation and fluid flow interactions are investigated through a series of hydraulic pulse injection tests, using specialized borehole equipment that can simultaneously measure fluid pressure and fracture displacements. The tests were conducted in two horizontal boreholes spaced 1 m apart vertically and intersecting a near-vertical highly permeable fault located within a shallow fractured carbonate rock. The entire test cycle, both the initial pressure increase and subsequent pressure fall-off, was carefully monitored and used for the evaluation of the in situ hydromechanical behaviour. The field data were modelled using both distinct-element and finite-element modelling techniques, in two and three dimensions. Field test data were evaluated by plotting fracture normal displacement as a function of fluid pressure, measured at the same borehole. The curves for the normal displacement of the fracture as a function of fluid pressure showed hysteresis loops, in which the paths for loading (pressure increase) and unloading (pressure decrease) are different. By matching this behaviour, the fracture normal stiffness and an equivalent stiffness (Young's modulus) of the surrounding rock mass were back-calculated. Evaluation of the field tests by coupled numerical hydromechanical modelling showed that the pressure-increase path of the normal displacement-versus-pressure curve is highly dependent on the hydromechanical parameters of the tested fracture and the stiffness of the matrix near the injection point, whereas the pressure-decrease path is influenced by mechanical processes within a larger portion of the surrounding fractured rock. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UPMC, CNRS, Geosci Azur, UNSA,IRD, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Natl Super Mines, INERIS, F-54020 Nancy, France. RP Cappa, F (reprint author), UPMC, CNRS, Geosci Azur, UNSA,IRD, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM cappa@geoazur.unice.fr RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Cappa, Frederic/B-4014-2017 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Cappa, Frederic/0000-0003-4859-8024 NR 64 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1062 EP 1082 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.03.006 PG 21 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 075JB UT WOS:000239879700005 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR Becher, PF AF Hsueh, C. H. Luttrell, C. R. Becher, P. F. TI Modelling of bonded multilayered disks subjected to biaxial flexure tests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE modelling; biaxial flexure; multilayers; disk; finite element; stress ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; IRRADIATION; MAGNETS; FILMS AB Biaxial flexure tests have been used extensively for the strength measurements of monolithic brittle materials. However, despite the increasing applications of multilayered structures, characterization of their strengths using biaxial flexure tests is unavailable. This is because the analytical description of the relation between the strength and the fracture load for multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests is nonexistent. To characterize the biaxial strength of multilayers, an analytical model is developed in the present study to derive the general closed-form solutions for the elastic stress distributions in thin multilayered disks subjected to biaxial flexure tests. To verify the analytical solutions, finite element analyses are performed on trilayered disks subjected to ring-on-ring tests. Good agreement is obtained between analytical and numerical results. The present closed-form solutions hence provide a basis for evaluating the biaxial strength of multilayered systems. Depending upon the strength of the individual layers and the stress distribution through the thickness of the multilayer during testing, cracking can initiate from any layer under tension. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6014 EP 6025 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.07.020 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 087ZT UT WOS:000240782000006 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Tarkhanov, N AF Berman, G. P. Tarkhanov, N. TI Quantum dynamics in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantam chain of oscillators; wave decay processes; narrow packet approximation; Cauchy problem; Fuchs-type equations; asymptotics ID STOCHASTICITY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB We study a quantum chain of oscillators with nonlinear quartic interactions, under the "narrow packet" approximation. We analyse the dynamics of quantum corrections and the conditions at which the quantum solution for average complex amplitude converges to the corresponding classical unstable solution which describes the four-wave decay processes of phonons. We develop an asymptotic theory by using a small quasiclassical parameter, and determine the characteristic time scale for which the evolution of decay processes is essentially specified by quantum effects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Potsdam, Inst Math, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov; tarkhanov@math.uni-potsdam.de NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1865 EP 1887 DI 10.1007/s10773-006-9155-7 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 103MJ UT WOS:000241889700006 ER PT J AU Xantheas, SS AF Xantheas, Sotiris S. TI Anharmonic vibrational spectra of hydrogen bonded clusters: comparison between higher energy derivative and mean-field grid based methods SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INITIO POTENTIAL-ENERGY; LIQUID-HELIUM DROPLETS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MANY-MODE SYSTEMS; AB-INITIO; BINARY COMPLEXES AB We present a comparison between two different approaches for calculating anharmonic frequencies, namely mean-field grid-based methods (VSCF, CC-VSCF, VCI) and those obtained by second-order perturbation theory from the third and fourth energy derivatives. For a meaningful comparison between the two approaches we report the results for the anharmonic frequencies with the two approaches for the F(-)(H(2)O), Cl(-)(H(2)O), HNO(3) and HNO(3)(H(2)O) molecular systems at the same level of electronic structure theory and basis set. The two methods were found to produce results of similar accuracy for the origin of the fundamental band and selected overtone and combination bands. The optimal equilibrium and vibrationally averaged geometries, spectroscopic constants and anharmonic frequencies of the (HF)(n), n = 2-4 clusters are reported at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory based on calculations of higher energy derivatives and compared to previous results obtained from CC-VSCF calculations at the MP2/TZP level of theory. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 108 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 719 EP 733 DI 10.1080/01442350600922564 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 090XH UT WOS:000240986800007 ER PT J AU Abdelrahman, M Arulanantham, JP Dinwiddie, R Walford, G Vondra, F AF Abdelrahman, Mohamed Arulanantham, Jeanison Pradeep Dinwiddie, Ralph Walford, Graham Vondra, Fred TI Monitoring metal-fill in a lost foam casting process SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE sensors; industrial applications; metal-fill AB The lost foam casting (LFC) process is emerging as a reliable casting method. The metal-fill profile in LFC plays an important role among several factors that affect casting quality. The metal-fill profile is in turn affected by several factors. Several casting defects may result due to an improper metal-fill process. Hence, it becomes essential to characterize and control, if possible, the metal-fill process in LFC. This research presents instrumentation and a technique to monitor and characterize the metal-fill process. The characterization included the determination of the position of the metal front and the profile in which the metal fills up the foam pattern. The instrumentation included capacitive sensors. Each sensor is comprised of two electrodes whose capacitive coupling changes as the metal fills the foam pattern. Foundry tests were conducted to obtain the sensors' responses to the metal fill. Two such sensors were used in the foundry tests. Data representing the responses of these sensors during the metal-fill process were collected using a data acquisition system. A number of finite element electrostatic simulations were carried out to study the metal-fill process under conditions similar to those experienced in foundry tests. An artificial neural network was trained using the simulation data as inputs and the corresponding metal-fill profiles as outputs. The neural network was then used to infer the profile of the metal-fill during foundry tests. The results were verified by comparing the metal-fill profile inferred from the neural network to the actual metal-fill profile captured by an infrared camera used during the foundry tests. The match up between the inferred profiles and the infrared camera measurements was satisfactory, indicating that the developed technique provides a reliable and cost effective method to monitor the metal-fill profile in LFC. (c) 2006 ISA-The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Walford Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Abdelrahman, M (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU I S A-THE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS AUTOMATION SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 459 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0019-0578(07)60225-0 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 096RZ UT WOS:000241395800001 PM 17063931 ER PT J AU Abe, Y Lee, SH Zayim, EO Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Abe, Yoshio Lee, Se-Hee Zayim, Esra Ozkan Tracy, C. Edwin Pitts, J. Roland Deb, Satyen K. TI Effect of O-2 flow concentration during reactive sputtering of Ni oxide thin films on their electrochemical and electrochromic properties in aqueous acidic and basic electrolyte solutions SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Ni oxide; reactive sputtering; electrochromism; electrolyte; coloration efficiency ID NICKEL-OXIDE; RESPONSE-TIME AB Thin films of Ni oxide were deposited by reactive sputtering in argon/oxygen gas mixtures using O-2 flow concentrations ranging from 6 to 100% and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were examined using dilute acidic (1 M KCl + 0.5 mM H2SO4) and basic (1 M KOH) aqueous electrolyte solutions. An electrochromic coloration efficiency of 32 +/- 5 cm(2)/C was obtained for all the Ni oxide films regardless of O-2 concentration in both KCl + H2SO4 and KOH. The charge capacity and resultant change in them optical density of the Ni oxide films increased with O-2 concentration owing to a decrease in crystal grain size and the resultant increase in the active surface area of the NiO crystal grains. Although the interfacial capacitances of the Ni oxide films in KCl + H2SO4 are 2-3 times less than those in KOH, a maximum change in optical density of 0.57 was obtained in KCl + H2SO4 for a fine-grained Ni oxide film with a thickness of 400 ran sputtered in 100% O-2. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kitami Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Abe, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA 5F YUSHIMA BLDG, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10A BP 7780 EP 7783 DI 10.1143/JJAP.45.7780 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 098GI UT WOS:000241508600042 ER PT J AU Gavriliuk, AG Lin, JF Lyubutin, IS Struzhkin, VV AF Gavriliuk, A. G. Lin, J. F. Lyubutin, I. S. Struzhkin, V. V. TI Optimization of the conditions of synchrotron Mossbauer experiment for studying electronic transitions at high pressures by the example of (Mg, Fe)O magnesiowustite SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT-HUBBARD STATE; SPIN-TRANSITION; LOWER MANTLE; SCATTERING; BREAKDOWN; COLLAPSE; SYSTEM AB The effect of the experimental conditions on the shape of the nuclear resonant forward scattering (NFS) from (Mg0.75Fe0.25)O magnesiowustite has been studied at high pressures up to 100 GPa in diamond anvil cells by the method of the NFS of synchrotron radiation from the Fe-57 nuclei at room temperature. The behavior of the system in the electronic transition of the Fe2+ ion from the high-spin to low-spin state (spin crossover) near 62 GPa is analyzed as a function of the sample thickness, degree of nonhydrostaticity, and focusing and collimation conditions of a synchrotron beam. It is found that the inclusion of dynamical beats associated with the sample thickness is very important in the approximation of the experimental NFS spectra. It is shown that the electronic transition occurs in a much narrower pressure range (+/- 6 GPa) rather than in a broad range as erroneously follows from experiments with thick samples under strongly nonhydrostatic conditions. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow 119333, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Gavriliuk, AG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Leninskii Pr 59, Moscow 119333, Russia. EM lyubutin@ns.crys.ras.ru RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013; Gavriliuk, Alexander/G-1317-2011 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548; Gavriliuk, Alexander/0000-0003-0604-586X NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1134/S0021364006150136 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 090VU UT WOS:000240981500013 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Cole, PJ AF Lenhart, Joseph L. Cole, Phillip J. TI Adhesion properties of lightly crosslinked solvent-swollen polymer gels SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE adhesion; elastomer; gel; silicone; swelling; tack ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE-ADHESIVES; SOFT ADHESIVES; VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CHAIN PULLOUT; CONTACT; TACK; TRANSITION AB Polymer gels are crosslinked polymer networks, highly swollen with solvent. For practical gel applications adhesion to a wide range of substrates over a broad range of temperatures is desired. In this article the adhesive properties of two types of solvent-swollen elastomers were studied, utilizing a combination of tack, contact mechanics, and peel adhesion methods. The first gel was a crosslinked polybutadiene swollen with common polymer plasticizers, while the second was a commercially available silicone with high extractables content. Nominally, these solvent-swollen materials exhibit similar adhesive characteristics to nonsolvent swollen elastomers including: (1) an increase in tack adhesion energies with increasing pull-off rates and decreasing temperatures in the rubbery region, (2) qualitative correlation between the rheological loss tangent for the gel and the gel adhesion energy, (3) fibrillation and extension during adhesion testing for gels with a shear modulus value less than 10(5)Pa in the plateau region, and (4) a decrease in the adhesion energy with increasing crosslink density. However, the presence of solvent in the elastomer can lead to solvent exclusion effects that degrade tack adhesion and must be considered for gel design in practical applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Org 2453, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Org 1821, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Org 2453, POB 5800,MS 1245, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jllenha@sandia.gov; pjcole@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 82 IS 10 BP 945 EP 971 DI 10.1080/00218460600875953 PG 27 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 093ND UT WOS:000241174100001 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, P Wang, J AF Kulkarni, Pramod Wang, Jian TI New fast integrated mobility spectrometer for real-time measurement of aerosol size distribution - I: Concept and theory SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol size distribution measurements; high-time resolution; electric mobility; transfer function; particle diffusion; mobility resolution ID ANALYZER; COUNTER AB A new instrument capable of measuring aerosol size distribution with high time and size resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio is described. The instrument, referred to as Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (FIMS), separates charged particles based on their electrical mobility into different trajectories in a uniform electric field. The particles are then grown into super-micrometer droplets, and their locations on the trajectories are recorded by a fast charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system. Images captured by the CCD reveal mobility-dependent particle positions and their numbers, which are then used to derive a particle size distribution spectrum. By eliminating the need to scan over a range of voltages, FIMS significantly improves the measurement speed and counting statistics. A theoretical framework has been developed to quantify the measurement range, mobility resolution, and transfer function of FIMS. It is shown that FIMS is capable of measuring aerosol size distributions with high-time and size resolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1325 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.01.005 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100DK UT WOS:000241647400011 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, P Wang, J AF Kulkarni, Pramod Wang, Jian TI New fast integrated mobility spectrometer for real-time measurement of aerosol size distribution: II. Design, calibration, and performance characterization SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol size distribution measurements; high time resolution; electric mobility; transfer function; counting efficiency; particle diffusion; mobility resolution ID ANALYZER; PARTICLES AB A Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (FIMS) has been developed for sub-second aerosol size distribution measurements based on the description presented in the preceding paper (Paper 1). The performance of FIMS was characterized using DMA classified aerosols in the size range 15-170 nm. An excellent agreement was observed between the mean particle diameter measured by FIMS and the DMA centroid diameter. Comparison of particle concentrations measured by FIMS and a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) shows that counting efficiency of FIMS is 100% for particles larger than 20 nm, and higher than that of the CPC for particles with diameters less than 15 nm. Experimentally determined FIMS mobility resolution ranged from 5 to 14 for particle diameters between 22 to 170 nm, and agreed with theoretical predictions made using FIMS transfer theory, though there was some deviation observed at particle sizes that correspond to high theoretical mobility resolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1326 EP 1339 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.01.010 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100DK UT WOS:000241647400012 ER PT J AU Terekhov, AY Heuser, BJ Okuniewski, MA Averback, RS Seifert, S Jemian, PR AF Terekhov, Alexander Y. Heuser, Brent J. Okuniewski, Maria A. Averback, Robert S. Seifert, Soenke Jemian, Pete R. TI Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of helium-bubble formation in borosilicate glass SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE-WASTE GLASSES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements have been performed to study helium-bubble formation in borosilicate glass. Helium was introduced by He+ implantation over an energy range of 1 to 2 MeV to give a uniform distribution over similar to 1 mu m depth. The implanted dose was varied from 9 x 10(13) to 2.8 x 10(16) ions cm(-2), corresponding to a local concentration range of 40 to 11200 atomic parts per million (a.p.p.m.) averaged over the implantation depth. The SAXS response was fit with the Percus-Yevick hard-sphere interaction potential to account for interparticle interference. The fits yield helium-bubble radii and helium-bubble volume fractions that vary from 5 to 15 angstrom and from 10(-3) to 10(-1), respectively, as the dose increased from 9 x 10(13) to 2.8 x 10(16) cm(-2). The SAXS data are also consistent with maximum helium solubility with respect to bubble formation between 40 and 200 a.p.p.m. in the borosilicate glass matrix. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Heuser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bheuser@uiuc.edu RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1107/S0021889806025672 PN 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 083YI UT WOS:000240494900002 ER PT J AU Podorov, SG Faleev, NN Pavlov, KM Paganin, DM Stepanov, SA Forsterr, E AF Podorov, S. G. Faleev, N. N. Pavlov, K. M. Paganin, D. M. Stepanov, S. A. Foersterr, E. TI A new approach to wide-angle dynamical X-ray diffraction by deformed crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISTORTED CRYSTAL; ROCKING CURVES; SUPERLATTICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTILAYERS; SIMULATION; PARAMETER; WAVE AB A new approach is proposed for X-ray dynamical diffraction theory in distorted crystals. The theory allows one to perform dynamical diffraction simulations between Bragg peaks for non-ideal crystals, using a simple approach of two distorted waves. It can be directly applied for reciprocal-space simulation. The formalism is used to analyse high-resolution X-ray diffraction data, obtained for an InSb/InGaSb/InSb/InAs superlattice grown on top of a GaSb buffer layer on a (001) GaSb substrate. C1 Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Delaware, ECE Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Synchrotron Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, D-6900 Jena, Germany. RP Podorov, SG (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM sergey.podorov@sci.monash.edu.au RI Podorov, Sergey/B-1526-2008; Pavlov, Konstantin/A-3802-2008 OI Podorov, Sergey/0000-0001-6594-5548; Pavlov, Konstantin/0000-0002-1756-4406 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 BP 652 EP 655 DI 10.1107/S0021889806025696 PN 5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 083YI UT WOS:000240494900003 ER PT J AU Heller, WT AF Heller, William T. TI ELLSTAT: shape modeling for solution small-angle scattering of proteins and protein complexes with automated statistical characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; TROPONIN-C; RESOLUTION; CALMODULIN; CRYSTAL; KINASE AB A method is presented for constructing one- and two-ellipsoid, core-shell-ellipsoid, cylinder and ellipsoid-plus-cylinder models from small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data that calculates statistics on the resulting structural parameters. The method, implemented in the software ELLSTAT, is capable of simultaneously fitting against several data sets and calculates averages, standard deviations and coefficients of linear correlation between the structural parameters of the resulting models. In this way, an improved understanding of the extent of the variability in and the interdependency between the model parameters that fit the input scattering data is developed, thereby providing a measure of the uniqueness of the models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heller, WT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hellerwt@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1107/S0021889806029591 PN 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 083YI UT WOS:000240494900006 ER PT J AU Bernier, JV Miller, MP Boyce, DE AF Bernier, Joel V. Miller, Matthew P. Boyce, Donald E. TI A novel optimization-based pole-figure inversion method: comparison with WIMV and maximum entropy methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS; ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SYNCHROTRON DIFFRACTION IMAGES; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; TOF DIFFRACTOMETER; DISTRIBUTIONS; GONIOMETRY; SPECTRA; SCALE AB An optimization-based method for pole-figure (PF) inversion that utilizes the orientation distribution function (ODF) gradient for conditional control of the solution is presented. The novel PF inversion method, coined the hybrid H-1-seminorm minimization (HHSM), is empirically shown to be versatile, general and robust in the presence of simulated experimental errors. Finite elements (FE) and Rodrigues space are used for the representation and parameterization of the orientation space throughout. The versatility of the FE representation is significantly enhanced from previous implementations by introducing a method for obtaining discrete approximations to spherical harmonic modes from the local FE basis functions. A comparative study with similar implementations of the basic WIMV algorithm and the maximum entropy method is undertaken using several model ODFs of varying sharpness and symmetry. Randomly distributed noise is added to the synthetic PFs to simulate experimental errors and assess the stability of each method. Solution consistency is assessed by inverting two sets of measured PFs, one complete, one incomplete, using several meshes on the orientation space with an increasing number of degrees of freedom. The HHSM method is shown to compare favorably in tests with both the WIMV method and the maximum entropy method. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bernier, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jbernier@aps.anl.gov RI Miller, Matthew/D-7903-2017 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 BP 697 EP 713 DI 10.1107/S002188980602468X PN 5 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 083YI UT WOS:000240494900009 ER PT J AU Lee, B Lo, CT Seifert, S Winans, RE AF Lee, Byeongdu Lo, Chieh-Tsung Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall E. TI Silver behenate as a calibration standard of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POWDER; INSTRUMENT AB Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) patterns of a silver behenate composite film, which has a typical layered structure, are described. The peak position of the film in the GISAXS pattern was varied depending on the incident angle, which was well described by taking into account the refraction and the reflection effects. Since the refractive index of samples depends on sample preparation, it is recommended that the measurement of silver behenate as a standard be done in conventional transmission mode to avoid any complexity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM blee@aps.anl.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 BP 749 EP 751 DI 10.1107/S0021889806031244 PN 5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 083YI UT WOS:000240494900016 ER PT J AU Carter, MD Ryan, PM Hoffman, D Lee, WS Buchberger, D Godyak, V AF Carter, M. D. Ryan, P. M. Hoffman, D. Lee, W. S. Buchberger, D. Godyak, V. TI Combined rf and transport effects in magnetized capacitive discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA SOURCES; SHEATHS AB Magnetic fields can be used to enhance the performance and operational envelope of rf capacitive discharges for semiconductor processing. Antennas in magnetized experimental fusion devices can experience similar rf processes that lead to surface erosion and degraded antenna performance. Two-dimensional modeling is needed to understand the combined effects of production and transport in these plasmas; however, magnetized plasma is a complicated medium because of tensor rf conductivity, anisotropic transport, and the fact that rf power alone sustains the plasma. In this paper, we give results from a model originally derived for studies of magnetized fusion and helicon discharges that has been adapted to capacitive discharges and compare the results with experimental data. The two-dimensional model combines the effects of the magnetic field on the plasma's rf properties and the bulk transport of plasma, including a sheath layer with finite thickness at the boundaries. A collisionless sheath model uses the rf fields in the sheath region, along with the density at the interface between the bulk plasma and the sheath, to determine the sheath thickness and to estimate the rectified dc potential. The driven rf fields are resolved inside the sheath region by including resistive dissipation caused by ion acceleration. These results are iterated with a model for transport of the bulk plasma to produce a global model of the sheath voltages and bulk rf plasma heating. The results at various iterative steps help isolate magnetic field effects that are caused by modification of the plasma's rf response from transport effects that are caused by the reduced electron mobility perpendicular to the magnetic field. The magnetic field can enhance confinement for some pressure regimes and magnetic configurations. More importantly, the magnetic field can restrict the motion of electrons that are heated by the rf, localizing the nonequilibrium distribution of electron energy and reducing the electron transport across magnetic field lines. Changes in the plasma rf response can also play a role in the behavior of the discharge by further localizing the rf power deposition in the plasma. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Appl Mat Inc, San Jose, CA 94086 USA. OSRAM Sylvania, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Carter, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cartermd@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 073305 DI 10.1063/1.2355436 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000011 ER PT J AU Cheng, RH Pearson, J Li, DQ Fradin, FY AF Cheng, Ruihua Pearson, J. Li, Dongqi Fradin, F. Y. TI Strong anisotropy in single atomic layer of Co and Fe on Pt(997) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FE; UNIAXIAL ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; SURFACES AB We explore the magnetic properties of Co and Fe on a Pt(997) vicinal single crystal by means of reflection high energy electron diffraction and the surface magneto-optical Kerr effect. Both Co and Fe are grown at room temperature as wedges with thickness ranging from 0 to 3.5 ML (monolayer). We find that Co and Fe show layer-by-layer growth followed by three dimensional growth as the coverage increases due to the large lattice mismatch. Co and Fe exhibit ferromagnetism down to 0.2 ML coverage due to the strong anisotropy. The symmetry breaking at the surface results in the magnetic easy axis of the atomic layers along the surface normal direction. The coercivity of both Fe and Co atomic layers fit an exponential decay with temperature that can be understood as being due to thermally activated, nonequilibrium spin dynamics. The magnetic anisotropy energy per atom is extracted by fitting the experimental data. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cheng, RH (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, 402 N Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rucheng@iupui.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 073911 DI 10.1063/1.2357703 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000056 ER PT J AU Hanna, MC Nozik, AJ AF Hanna, M. C. Nozik, A. J. TI Solar conversion efficiency of photovoltaic and photoelectrolysis cells with carrier multiplication absorbers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; DETAILED BALANCE LIMIT; ENERGY-CONVERSION; IDEAL PERFORMANCE; IMPACT IONIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; CONVERTERS; TETRACENE AB We calculate the maximum power conversion efficiency for conversion of solar radiation to electrical power or to a flux of chemical free energy for the case of hydrogen production from water photoelectrolysis. We consider several types of ideal absorbers where absorption of one photon can produce more than one electron-hole pair that are based on semiconductor quantum dots with efficient multiple exciton generation (MEG) or molecules that undergo efficient singlet fission (SF). Using a detailed balance model with 1 sun AM1.5G illumination, we find that for single gap photovoltaic (PV) devices the maximum efficiency increases from 33.7% for cells with no carrier multiplication to 44.4% for cells with carrier multiplication. We also find that the maximum efficiency of an ideal two gap tandem PV device increases from 45.7% to 47.7% when carrier multiplication absorbers are used in the top and bottom cells. For an ideal water electrolysis two gap tandem device, the maximum conversion efficiency is 46.0% using a SF top cell and a MEG bottom cell versus 40.0% for top and bottom cell absorbers with no carrier multiplication. We also consider absorbers with less than ideal MEG quantum yields as are observed experimentally. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hanna, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1671 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM arthur_nozik@nrel.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 39 TC 563 Z9 576 U1 32 U2 327 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 074510 DI 10.1063/1.2356795 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000101 ER PT J AU Samara, GA Venturini, EL Boatner, LA AF Samara, G. A. Venturini, E. L. Boatner, L. A. TI Dielectric properties and phase transitions of Cd2Nb2O7: Effects of pressure and temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM NIOBATE; PYROCHLORE AB The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric response of single crystal Cd2Nb2O7 (CNO) were investigated over the temperature range of 80-450 K. The main pressure effects are (1) large suppression of the magnitude of the dielectric constant epsilon(') over most of the temperature range and (2) very weak pressure dependence of the ferroelastic and ferroelectric (FE) transition temperatures and of the relaxational response near 200 K, as reported earlier for ceramic CNO. In view of result (2) the emphasis of the present paper is on the dielectric response above the transition region, i.e., in the high temperature paraelectric phase. The epsilon'(T) response in this phase can be explained by the T dependence of the uncoupled soft FE mode frequency associated with the NbO6 octahedra, and the large decrease in epsilon(') with pressure follows from the expected increase of this frequency which can be estimated from the dielectric data. In this phase epsilon(') is very well represented by a Curie-Weiss law epsilon(')=C/(T-T-0), where C=1.16x10(5) K and T-0=174 K at 1 bar. Remarkably, the logarithmic pressure derivatives of C and T-0 are found to be essentially identical to those of BaTiO3 implicating the crucial role of the BO6 octahedra in the soft mode character of the pyrochlore (CNO) structure, as in the case of the ABO(3) perovskite structure. Pressure had a relatively weak influence on the various overlapping dielectric relaxations below 200 K, but the results revealed a dipolar relaxation in the 350-400 K region. It is suggested that this relaxation is associated with the motion of a defect complex involving the oxygen vacancy, a common feature in the related ABO(3) oxides. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM gasamar@sandia.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 074112 DI 10.1063/1.2357417 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000069 ER PT J AU Van, TT Hoang, J Ostroumov, R Wang, KL Bargar, JR Lu, J Blom, HO Chang, JP AF Van, T. T. Hoang, J. Ostroumov, R. Wang, K. L. Bargar, J. R. Lu, J. Blom, H-O. Chang, J. P. TI Nanostructure and temperature-dependent photoluminescence of Er-doped Y2O3 thin films for micro-optoelectronic integrated circuits SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; BETA-DIKETONATE PRECURSOR; CERAMIC GARNET Y3AL5O12; LUMINESCENCE-CENTERS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; O-RADICALS; SILICON; GROWTH; ER3+(4F(11)); TRANSITIONS AB The nanostructure and photoluminescence of polycrystalline Er-doped Y2O3 thin films, deposited by radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD), were investigated in this study. The controlled distribution of erbium separated by layers of Y2O3, with erbium concentrations varied from 6 to 14 at. %, was confirmed by elemental electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping of Er M-4 and M-5. This unique feature is characteristic of the alternating radical-enhanced ALD of Y2O3 and Er2O3. The results are also consistent with the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) modeling of the Er distribution in the Y2O3 thin films, where the EXAFS data were best fitted to a layer-like structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns revealed a preferential film growth in the [111] direction, showing a lattice contraction with increasing Er doping concentration, likely due to Er3+ of a smaller ionic radius replacing the slightly larger Y3+. Room-temperature photoluminescence characteristic of the Er3+ intra-4f transition at 1.54 mu m was observed for the 500 A, 8 at. % Er-doped Y2O3 thin film, showing various well-resolved Stark features due to different spectroscopic transitions from the I-4(13/2)-> I-4(15/2) energy manifold. The result indicates the proper substitution of Y3+ by Er3+ in the Y2O3 lattice, consistent with the EXAFS and XRD analyses. Thus, by using radical-enhanced ALD, a high concentration of optically active Er3+ ions can be incorporated in Y2O3 with controlled distribution at a low temperature, 350 degrees C, making it possible to observe room-temperature photoluminescence for fairly thin films (similar to 500-900 A) without a high temperature annealing. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Chang, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, 5532-D Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jpchang@seas.ucla.edu RI Lu, Jun/K-3321-2015; OI Lu, Jun/0000-0003-2754-6962; Blom, Hans-Olof/0000-0002-4831-5939 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 073512 DI 10.1063/1.2349477 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000023 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJ McClelland, MA Maienschein, JL Nichols, AL Tarver, CM AF Yoh, Jack J. McClelland, Matthew A. Maienschein, Jon L. Nichols, Albert L. Tarver, Craig M. TI Simulating thermal explosion of octahydrotetranitrotetrazine-based explosives: Model comparison with experiment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HMX AB A model comparison with measurements for the thermal, chemical, and mechanical behaviors in a thermal explosion experiment is presented. Confined high explosives (HEs) are heated at a rate of 1 degrees C/h until an explosion is observed. The heating, ignition, and deflagration phases are modeled using an arbitrarily Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE3D) code that can handle a wide range of time scales that vary from a structural to a hydrodynamic time scale. During the preignition phase, quasistatic mechanics and diffusive thermal transfer from a heat source to the HE are coupled with the finite chemical reactions that include both endothermic and exothermic processes. Once the HE ignites, a hydrodynamic calculation is performed as a burn front propagates through the HE. Two octahydrotetranitrotetrazine (HMX)-based explosives, LX-04 and LX-10, are considered, whose chemical-thermal-mechanical models are constructed based on measurements of thermal and mechanical properties along with small-scale thermal explosion measurements. The present HMX modeling work shows the violence calculations with thermal predictions associated with a confined thermal explosion test. The simulated dynamic response of HE confinement during the explosive phase is compared to measurements in larger scale thermal explosion tests. The explosion temperatures for both HEs are predicted to within 1 degrees C. Calculated and measured wall strains provide an indication of vessel pressurization during the heating phase and violence during the explosive phase. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoh, JJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jjyoh@snu.ac.kr NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 7 AR 073515 DI 10.1063/1.2357418 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 094OE UT WOS:000241248000026 ER PT J AU Shao, XM Stanley, M Regan, A Harlin, J Pongratz, M Stock, M AF Shao, Xuan-Min Stanley, Mark Regan, Amy Harlin, Jeremiah Pongratz, Morrie Stock, Michael TI Total lightning observations with the new and improved Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NARROW BIPOLAR EVENTS; DETECTION NETWORK; FORTE SATELLITE; VHF SIGNALS; LOCATION; DISCHARGES; RETRIEVAL; RADIATION; EMISSIONS; DETECTOR AB Since 1998, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has deployed an array of fast electric field change sensors in New Mexico and Florida in support of LANL's satellite lightning observations. In April 2004, all the sensors were significantly upgraded and improved, and a new array was deployed in north-central Florida. This paper describes the operations of the new array and reports the first 12 months of lightning observations. The new array is about 10 times more sensitive than the previous one and can capture millions of discharge events during a stormy day in Florida. In this paper, the array's lightning location accuracy, minimum detectable peak current, and ratio of intracloud-to-cloud-to-ground flashes are analyzed. Some case studies that illustrate the storm evolution, lightning classification, and radar comparisons are presented. A new three-dimensional capability of the array is demonstrated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, ISR-2,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xshao@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1273 EP 1288 DI 10.1175/JTECH1908.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 094DR UT WOS:000241220100001 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Davis, KJ Ricciuto, DM Butler, MP AF Wang, Weiguo Davis, Kenneth J. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Butler, Martha P. TI An approximate footprint model for flux measurements in the convective boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; BOTTOM-UP DIFFUSION; BOREAL FOREST; TOP-DOWN; DISPERSION; EXCHANGE; SCALAR; FLOWS; PDF AB An explicit footprint model for flux measurements of passive scalars in the lower part of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is introduced. A simple footprint model is derived analytically in an idealized CBL. The simple model can simulate the overall characteristics of the flux footprint. Then a method is proposed to adjust the analytical solutions to those from a Lagrangian stochastic model that considers more realistic atmospheric conditions in the vertical direction. The adjusted footprint model is a function of Monin-Obukhov length (L), roughness length, receptor height, and CBL depth (h). Comparison between the results from the adjusted footprint model and stochastic model suggests that the adjusted footprint model can well simulate the streamwise extent of the footprint within the dimensionless upwind distance X < 1, which accounts for a majority of the footprint. The model applies to stabilities of -L/h between 0.01 and 0.1 and roughness lengths between 10(-5) and 2 x 10(-3) h in the lower part of the mixed layer (from 0.1h to 0.6h). C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wang@met.psu.edu RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016 OI Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1384 EP 1394 DI 10.1175/JTECH1911.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 094DR UT WOS:000241220100008 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Roberts, C Disz, T Vonstein, V Hwang, K Overbeek, R Olson, PD Projan, SJ Dunman, PM AF Anderson, Kelsi L. Roberts, Corbette Disz, Terrence Vonstein, Veronika Hwang, Kaitlyn Overbeek, Ross Olson, Patrick D. Projan, Steven J. Dunman, Paul M. TI Characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus heat shock, cold shock, stringent, and SOS responses and their effects on log-phase mRNA turnover SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MITOMYCIN-C; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; BIOFILM FORMATION; STRESS RESPONSES; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Despite its being a leading cause of nosocomal and community-acquired infections, surprisingly little is known about Staphylococcus aureus stress responses. In the current study, Affymetrix S. aureus GeneChips were used to define transcriptome changes in response to cold shock, heat shock, stringent, and SOS response-inducing conditions. Additionally, the RNA turnover properties of each response were measured. Each stress response induced distinct biological processes, subsets of virulence factors, and antibiotic determinants. The results were validated by real-time PCR and stress-mediated changes in antimicrobial agent susceptibility. Collectively, many S. aureus stress-responsive functions are conserved across bacteria, whereas others are unique to the organism. Sets of small stable RNA molecules with no open reading frames were also components of each response. Induction of the stringent, cold shock, and heat shock responses dramatically stabilized most mRNA species. Correlations between mRNA turnover properties and transcript titers suggest that S. aureus stress response-dependent alterations in transcript abundances can, in part, be attributed to alterations in RNA stability. This phenomenon was not observed within SOS-responsive cells. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Wyeth Biol Technol, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Dunman, PM (reprint author), 986495 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM pdunman@unmc.edu NR 64 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 188 IS 19 BP 6739 EP 6756 DI 10.1128/JB.00609-06 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086ZN UT WOS:000240711900003 PM 16980476 ER PT J AU Beller, HR Letain, TE Chakicherla, A Kane, SR Legler, TC Coleman, MA AF Beller, Harry R. Letain, Tracy E. Chakicherla, Anu Kane, Staci R. Legler, Tina C. Coleman, Matthew A. TI Whole-genome transcriptional analysis of chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus denitrificans under aerobic versus denitrifying conditions SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORY SYSTEM; SIROHEME SULFITE REDUCTASE; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; CBB(3) OXIDASE AB Thiobacillus denitrificans is one of the few known obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacteria capable of energetically coupling thiosulfate oxidation to denitrification as well as aerobic respiration. As very little is known about the differential expression of genes associated with key chemolithoautotrophic functions (such as sulfur compound oxidation and CO, fixation) under aerobic versus denitrifying conditions, we conducted whole-genome, cDNA microarray studies to explore this topic systematically. The microarrays identified 277 genes (approximately 10% of the genome) as differentially expressed using RMA (robust multiarray average) statistical analysis and a twofold cutoff. Genes upregulated (ca. 6- to 150-fold) under aerobic conditions included a cluster of genes associated with iron acquisition (e.g., siderophore-related genes), a cluster of cytochrome ebb, oxidase genes, cbbL and cbbS (encoding the large and small subunits of form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, or RubisCO), and multiple molecular chaperone genes. Genes upregulated (ca. 4- to 95-fold) under denitrifying conditions included nar, nir, and nor genes (associated, respectively, with nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and nitric oxide reductase, which catalyze successive steps of denitrification), cbbM (encoding form 11 RubisCO), and genes involved with sulfur compound oxidation (including two physically separated but highly similar copies of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase and of dsrC, associated with dissimilatory sulfite reductase). Among genes associated with denitrification, relative expression levels (i.e., degree of upregulation with nitrate) tended to decrease in the order nar > nir > nor > nos. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was used to validate these trends. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beller2@llnl.gov RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014; OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 188 IS 19 BP 7005 EP 7015 DI 10.1128/JB.00568-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086ZN UT WOS:000240711900030 PM 16980503 ER PT J AU Su, CC Li, M Gu, RY Takatsuka, Y McDermott, G Nikaido, H Yu, EW AF Su, Chih-Chia Li, Ming Gu, Ruoyu Takatsuka, Yumiko McDermott, Gerry Nikaido, Hiroshi Yu, Edward W. TI Conformation of the AcrB multidrug efflux pump in mutants of the putative proton relay pathway SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSPORTER; SYSTEM; GENES AB We previously reported the X-ray structures of wild-type Escherichia coli AcrB, a proton motive force-dependent multidrug efflux pump, and its N109A mutant. These structures presumably reflect the resting state of AcrB, which can bind drugs. After ligand binding, a proton may bind to an acidic residue (s) in the transmembrane domain, i.e., Asp407 or Asp408, within the putative network of electrostatically interacting residues, which also include Lys940 and Thr978, and this may initiate a series of conformational changes that result in drug expulsion. Herein we report the X-ray structures of four AcrB mutants, the D407A, D408A, K940A, and T978A mutants, in which the structure of this tight electrostatic network is expected to become disrupted. These mutant proteins revealed remarkably similar conformations, which show striking differences from the previously known conformations of the wild-type protein. For example, the loop containing Phe386 and Phe388, which play a major role in the initial binding of substrates in the central cavity, becomes prominently extended into the center of the cavity, such that binding of large substrate molecules may become difficult. We believe that this new conformation may mimic, at least partially, one of the transient conformations of the transporter during the transport cycle. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nikaido, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 16 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nhiroshi@berkeley.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI009644, AI09644, R37 AI009644]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074027, R01 GM074027] NR 23 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 188 IS 20 BP 7290 EP 7296 DI 10.1128/JB.00684-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 094KZ UT WOS:000241239600028 PM 17015668 ER PT J AU Syed, AM Kosny, J AF Syed, Azam Mohiuddin Kosny, Jan TI Effect of framing factor on clear wall R-value for wood and steel framed walls SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE R-value; framing factor; stud configuration; cavity insulation AB In the current practice of testing and theoretical analysis of building envelope assemblies, the amount of structural members incorporated into the total wall area is commonly called a framing factor. It used to be expressed as a percent of the total wall area. Traditionally, for wood-framed walls, the framing factor has been considered to be between 10 and 14%. According to the report prepared in 2002 by Enermodal Engineering for California Energy Commission, there is 27% framing in current residential walls in California. A similar study performed by the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers in 2003 has concluded an average 25% of framing factor for all US residential buildings. In order to incorporate this finding into theoretical and experimental procedures of heat transfer analysis, representative geometries for wood and steel-framed walls need to be redefined. In this article, R-values for various percentages of framing according to different methods of calculation are examined. Also, thermal effects of various configurations of installation, structural components in wood and steel-framed walls with studs installed at 16 in. on-center (for similar to 27% of framing) are analyzed numerically using a 3D heat conduction code. In addition, consequences of installation imperfections in cavity insulation are analyzed from a thermal perspective. The performed numerical study demonstrated significant sensitivity of some residential walls for insulation installation imperfections. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Syed, AM (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM amsyed21@tntech.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1744-2591 J9 J BUILD PHYS JI J. Build Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 2 BP 163 EP 180 DI 10.1188/1744259106068884 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 178DY UT WOS:000247202600004 ER PT J AU Ozensoy, E Peden, CHF Szanyi, J AF Ozensoy, Emrah Peden, Charles H. F. Szanyi, Janos TI Model NOx storage systems: Storage capacity and thermal aging of BaO/theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NOx storage materials; Al2O3; BaO; Pt; NO; NO2; nitrate; nitrite; XPS; TPD ID ADSORPTION; NIAL(001); CATALYSTS; FILMS; REACTIVITY; WATER AB The NOx storage properties of a BaO/theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) model system, with a BaO coverage of similar to 2 monolayer equivalent (MLE), was studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques were used to investigate NO2 adsorption and reaction on the BaO/O-Al2O3/NiAl(100) surface. These results were compared with those of the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) support material, a thermally aged BaO/O-Al2O3/NiAl(100) model system, and a realistic BaO (20 wt%)/gamma-Al2O3 high-surface area counterpart. At T > 300 K, adsorbed NO2 is converted to nitrates on all of the surfaces studied. Nitrates residing on the alumina sites of the model catalyst surfaces are relatively weakly bound and typically desorb within 300-600 K, leading to NO(g) evolution; while nitrates associated with the baria sites are significantly more stable and desorb within 600-850 K, resulting in NO(g) or NO(g)+O-2(g) evolution. NO, uptake by the baria sites of the BaO/O-Al2O3/NiAl(100) model system was found to be as much as five-fold greater than that of the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) support material. Thermal aging of a BaO/theta Al2O3/NiAl(100) surface at 1100 K before NOx uptake experiments brings about a significant (> 70%) reduction in the NOx storage capacity of the model catalyst surface. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 243 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.06.028 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 093YC UT WOS:000241205200015 ER PT J AU Xu, J Mullins, DR Overbury, SH AF Xu, Jun Mullins, David R. Overbury, S. H. TI CO desorption and oxidation on CeO2-supported Rh: Evidence for two types of Rh sites SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE CO oxidation; oxidation catalysis; adsorption; RAIRS; IRAS; XPS; TPD; Ru; Rh; CeO2; cerium oxide ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ADSORBATE COVERAGES; ADSORPTION SITES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; RH(111); SURFACE AB Previous co-adsorption studies of CO and oxygen on Rh single-crystal surfaces have shown that formation of CO2 is the dominant pathway during temperature-programmed desorption and that the reaction limits the competing pathway of CO and O-2 desorption. The present work finds that this selectivity is altered on CeO2-supported Rh islands. In addition to facile CO oxidation, a new CO adsorption state is found that is associated with the Rh but is observed only in the presence of both the CeO2 support and pre-adsorbed oxygen. This state is characterized by its low desorption temperature (140-250 K), well below the CO2 formation temperatures of 290 K (beta(2)) and 360 K (beta(1)), and by its IRAs frequency of 2100 cm(-1), higher than observed for either CO adsorbed on the supported Rh islands (2057-2066 cm(-1)) or CO co-adsorbed with O on Rh islands (2074 cm(-1)). The data suggest that oxygen and subsequent CO exposure of CeO2 supported Rh creates atomically dispersed getn-dicarbonyl, Rh(CO)(2), from the edge of Rh islands. As temperature increases, part of the dicarbonyl desorbs at low temperature, and the remainder is converted to CO2. The low-temperature desorption pathway has a selectivity as high as 46%, with the remaining CO oxidized to CO2. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Overbury, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 243 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2006.07.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 093YC UT WOS:000241205200016 ER PT J AU Weir, ML Oppizzi, ML Henry, MD Onishi, A Campbell, KP Bissell, MJ Muschler, JL AF Weir, M. Lynn Oppizzi, Maria Luisa Henry, Michael D. Onishi, Akiko Campbell, Kevin P. Bissell, Mina J. Muschler, John L. TI Dystroglycan loss disrupts polarity and beta-casein induction in mammary epithelial cells by perturbing laminin anchoring SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dystroglycan; laminin; polarity; mammary; epithelial; integrin ID DYSTROPHIN-GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; GENE-EXPRESSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHIES; HUMAN BREAST; WW DOMAIN; MORPHOGENESIS; BINDING AB Precise contact between epithelial cells and their underlying basement membrane is crucial to the maintenance of tissue architecture and function. To understand the role that the laminin receptor dystroglycan (DG) plays in these processes, we assayed cell responses to laminin-111 following conditional ablation of DG gene (Dag1) expression in cultured mammary epithelial cells. Strikingly, DG loss disrupted laminin-111-induced polarity and beta-casein production, and abolished laminin assembly at the step of laminin binding to the cell surface. Dystroglycan re-expression restored these deficiencies. Investigations of the mechanism revealed that DG cytoplasmic sequences were not necessary for laminin assembly and signaling, and only when the entire mucin domain of extracellular DG was deleted did laminin assembly not occur. These results demonstrate that DG is essential as a laminin-111 co-receptor in mammary epithelial cells that functions by mediating laminin anchoring to the cell surface, a process that allows laminin polymerization, tissue polarity and beta-casein induction. The observed loss of laminin-111 assembly and signaling in Dag1(-/-) mammary epithelial cells provides insights into the signaling changes occurring in breast carcinomas and other cancers, where the binding function of DG to laminin is frequently defective. C1 Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muschler, JL (reprint author), Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, 475 Brannan St,Suite 217, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM Muschler@cpmcri.org FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA10957-01, R01 CA109579, R01 CA109579-01A1] NR 53 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 19 BP 4047 EP 4058 DI 10.1242/jcs.03103 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 085UQ UT WOS:000240630300015 PM 16968749 ER PT J AU Allison, DP Doktycz, MJ AF Allison, D. P. Doktycz, M. J. TI Cellular secretion studied by force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cell secretion; porosome or fusion pore; atomic force microscopy; photonic force microscopy; membrane fusion; nanostructure ID MEMBRANE-FUSION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MAST-CELLS; ORGANELLE MOVEMENT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; VESICLE FUSION; SNARE COMPLEX; LIVE CELLS; MACHINERY; PORE AB Using the optical microscope, real adventures in cellular research began in earnest in the latter half of the nineteenth century. With the development of the electron microscope, ultramicroscopy, and improved cell staining techniques, significant advances were made in defining intracellular structures at the nanometer level. The invention of force microscopy, the atomic force microscope (AFM) in the mid 1980s, and the photonic force microscope (PFM) in the mid 1990s, finally provided the opportunity to study live cellular structure-function at the nanometer level. Working with the AFM, dynamic cellular and subcellular events at the molecular level were captured in the mid 1990s, and a new cellular structure 'the porosome' in the plasma membrane of all secretory cells has been defined, where specific docking and fusion of secretory vesicles occur. The molecular mechanism of fusion of the secretory vesicle membrane at the base of the porosome membrane in cells, and the regulated release of intravesicular contents through the porosome opening to the extracellular space, has been determined. These seminal discoveries provide for the first time a molecular mechanism of cell secretion, and the possibility to ameliorate secretory defects in disease states. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Agilent Technol Inc, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Allison, DP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, 10515 Res Dr Suita A-100, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM allisond@utk.edu RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAROL DAVILA UNIV PRESS PI BUCHARESST PA 8 EROILOR SANITARI BLVD, BUCHARESST 76241, ROMANIA SN 1582-1838 J9 J CELL MOL MED JI J. Cell. Mol. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 847 EP 856 DI 10.2755/jcmm010.004.11 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 117MG UT WOS:000242876700004 PM 17125589 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MP Abbott, CA Tada, H Seno, M Dempsey, PJ Dunbar, AJ AF Sanderson, Michael P. Abbott, Catherine A. Tada, Hiroko Seno, Masaharu Dempsey, Peter J. Dunbar, Andrew J. TI Hydrogen peroxide and endothelin-1 are novel activators of betacellulin ectodomain shedding SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ADAM; betacellulin; ectodomain shedding; ErbB; endothelin; metal loprotease; reactive oxygen species ID GROWTH-FACTOR-RECEPTOR; ALPHA-CONVERTING-ENZYME; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; CORNEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ANGIOTENSIN-II; CANCER-CELLS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EGFR TRANSACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TNF-ALPHA AB The betacellulin precursor (pro-BTC) is a novel substrate for ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding. In this report, we investigated the ability of novel physiologically relevant stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and reactive oxygen species (ROS), to stimulate pro-BTC shedding. We found that in breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells overexpressing pro-BTC, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was a powerful stimulator of ectodomain shedding. The stimulation of pro-BTC shedding by H2O2 was blocked by the broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor TAPI-0 but was still functional in ADAM17 (TACE)-deficient stomach epithelial cells indicating the involvement of a distinct metalloprotease. H2O2-induced pro-BTC shedding was blocked by co-culturing cells in the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine but was unaffected by culture in calcium-deficient media. By contrast, calcium ionophore, which is a previously characterized activator of pro-BTC shedding, was sensitive to calcium depletion but was unaffected by co-culture with the anti-oxidant, identifying a clear distinction between these stimuli. We found that in vascular smooth muscle cells overexpressing pro-BTC, the GPCR agonist endothelin-1 (ET-1) was a strong inducer of ectodomain shedding. This was blocked by a metalloprotease inhibitor and by overexpression of catalytically inactive E385AADAM10. However, overexpression of wild-type ADAM10 or ADAM17 led to an increase in ET-1-induced pro-BTC shedding providing evidence for an involvement of both enzymes in this process. This study identifies ROS and ET-1 as two novel inducers of pro-BTC shedding and lends support to the notion of activated shedding occurring under the control of physiologically relevant stimuli. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 609-623, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 German Canc Res Ctr, Tumor Immunol Programme, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Cooperat Res Ctr Tissue Growth & Repair, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Pacific Northwest Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. GroPep Ltd, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Sanderson, MP (reprint author), German Canc Res Ctr, Tumor Immunol Programme, Neuenheimer Feld 280,D010, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM m.sanderson@dkfz-heidelberg.de RI SENO, Masaharu /B-2092-2011; Abbott, Catherine/A-9121-2008 OI SENO, Masaharu /0000-0001-8547-6259; Abbott, Catherine/0000-0001-8215-4406 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK63363] NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 BP 609 EP 623 DI 10.1002/jcb.20968 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 087RA UT WOS:000240758600027 PM 16676357 ER PT J AU Coombs, RR Vogels, CM Wheaton, SL Baerlocher, FJ Baker, RT Decken, A Westcott, SA AF Coombs, Robin R. Vogels, Christopher M. Wheaton, Susan L. Baerlocher, Felix J. Baker, R. Thomas Decken, Andreas Westcott, Stephen A. TI Synthesis and molecular structure of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan e SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE boronate ester; catalysis; crystal structure; hydroboration; fungicide ID ASYMMETRIC HYDROBORATION; CATALYZED HYDROBORATION; BORONIC ACID; COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL; CHELATE; SYSTEM; ESTERS AB The compound 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(1-(phenylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxabo- rolane has been prepared by the rhodium catalyzed hydroboration of allyl phenyl sulfone and characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The title compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with cell parameters a=16.0728(8) angstrom, b=9.8884(5) angstrom, and c=10.1926(5) angstrom, beta=92.067(1)degrees, Z=4, and V=1618.90(14) angstrom(3). The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R=0.0449 for 3627 reflections with I > 2 sigma(I). No significant intramolecular or intermolecular interaction is observed with the Lewis acidic boron atom. C1 Mt Allison Univ, Dept Chem, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada. Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Chem, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Westcott, SA (reprint author), Mt Allison Univ, Dept Chem, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada. EM swestcott@mta.ca RI Barlocher, Felix/C-1307-2011; G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 10 BP 661 EP 665 DI 10.1007/s10870-006-9114-4 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 096LU UT WOS:000241379400010 ER PT J AU Huby, T Doucet, C Dachet, C Ouzilleau, B Ueda, Y Afzal, V Rubin, E Chapman, MJ Lesnik, P AF Huby, Thierry Doucet, Chantal Dachet, Christiane Ouzilleau, Betty Ueda, Yukihiko Afzal, Veena Rubin, Edward Chapman, M. John Lesnik, Philippe TI Knockdown expression and hepatic deficiency reveal an atheroprotective role for SR-BI in liver and peripheral tissues SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR CLASS-B; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESION DEVELOPMENT; MARROW-DERIVED CELLS; SERUM-AMYLOID-A; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SELECTIVE UPTAKE; IN-VIVO; DECREASED ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Scavenger receptor SR-BI has been implicated in HDL-dependent atheroprotective mechanisms. We report the generation of an SR-BI conditional knockout mouse model in which SR-BI gene targeting by loxP site insertion produced a hypomorphic allele (hypomSR-BI). Attenuated SR-BI expression in hypomSR-BI mice resulted in 2-fold elevation in plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels. Cre-mediated SR-BI gene inactivation of the hypomorphic SR-BI allele in hepatocytes (hypomSR-BI-KOliver) was associated with high plasma TC concentrations, increased plasma free cholesterol/TC (FC/TC) ratio, and a lipoprotein-cholesterol profile typical of SR-BI-/- mice. Plasma TC levels were increased 2-fold in hypomSR-BI and control mice fed an atherogenic diet, whereas hypomSR-BI-KOliver and SR-BI-/- mice developed severe hypercholesterolemia due to accumulation of FC-rich, VLDL-sized particles. Atherosclerosis in hypomSR-BI mice was enhanced (2.5-fold) compared with that in controls, but to a much lower degree than in hypomSR-BI-KOliver (32-fold) and SR-BI-/- (48-fold) mice. The latter models did not differ in either plasma lipid levels or in the capacity of VLDL-sized lipoproteins to induce macrophage cholesterol loading. However, reduced atherosclerosis in hypomSR-BI-KOliver mice was associated with decreased lesional macrophage content as compared with that in SR-BI-/- mice. These data imply that, in addition to its major atheroprotective role in liver, SR-BI may exert an antiatherogenic role in extrahepatic tissues. C1 Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U551, Hop Pitie,Dyslipoproteinemia & Atherosclerosis Re, F-75651 Paris 13, France. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Horizontal Med Res Org, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Huby, T (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U551, Hop Pitie,Dyslipoproteinemia & Atherosclerosis Re, 83 Bd Hop, F-75651 Paris 13, France. EM huby@chups.jussieu.fr RI Lesnik, Philippe/F-7803-2011; Huby, Thierry/E-6768-2017; OI Huby, Thierry/0000-0001-6634-551X NR 46 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 116 IS 10 BP 2767 EP 2776 DI 10.1172/JCI26893 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 090QK UT WOS:000240965700026 PM 16964311 ER PT J AU Baker, S Baseler, H Klein, S Carneyfl, T AF Baker, Suzanne Baseler, Heidi Klein, Stanley Carney, Thom TI Localizing sites of activation in primary visual cortex using visual-evoked potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol DE visual evoked potentials; dipole source localization; functional magnetic resonance imaging; primary visual cortex; retinotopic mapping; m-sequence ID DIPOLE SOURCE LOCALIZATION; IMPLANTED SOURCES; HUMAN BRAIN; CORTICAL MAGNIFICATION; INTRINSIC SIGNALS; FMRI; EEG; FIELD; VEP; MRI AB This study compared retinotopic map identification in primary visual cortex (VI) using: (i) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and (ii) visual evoked potentials (VEPs) coupled with dipole source localization (DSL). A multielectrode array was used to record VEPs while subjects viewed a flickering dartboard pattern modulated by a 16-bit m-sequence. The stimulus preferentially activates V1. Using a common time function DSL algorithm, the primary source of each stimulus patch was found independent of the fMRI. The VEP/DSL and fMRI localization data for each subject were aligned by a rigid translation and rotation. The average distance between VEP and corresponding fMRI sources was 10.8 mm +/- 3.8 mm. To assess the significance of the results, fMRI and DSL solutions were scrambled so the comparisons were no longer for corresponding patches. The average distance between the noncorresponding data sets was 17.2 mm for 50 million scrambles. The probability of the scrambled data yielding a better fit than the real data was p < 10(-7). The combination of multielectrode recording, multimput visual stimulation and common time function DSL analysis can provide a detailed retinotopic map of visual cortex that has high correspondence with independent fMRI localization analysis on the same subject. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Neurometr Inst, Oakland, CA USA. RP Baker, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM slbaker@lbl.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [R43 EY12339] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0736-0258 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 404 EP 415 DI 10.1097/01.wnp.0000214596.69436.e0 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 090PY UT WOS:000240964400003 PM 17016150 ER PT J AU Hou, CH Liang, CD Yiacoumi, S Dai, S Tsouris, C AF Hou, Chia-Hung Liang, Chengdu Yiacoumi, Sotira Dai, Sheng Tsouris, Costas TI Electrosorption capacitance of nanostructured carbon-based materials SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrosorption capacitance; electrical double layer; deionization; nanostructured carbon ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITANCE; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ACTIVATED CARBONS; AEROGEL ELECTRODES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MONTE-CARLO; IONS; TRANSPORT; WATER AB The fundamental mechanism of electrosorption of ions developing a double layer inside nanopores was studied via a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. A novel graphitized-carbon monolithic material has proven to be a good electrical double-layer capacitor that can be applied in the separation of ions from aqueous solutions. An extended electrical double-layer model indicated that the pore size distribution plays a key role in determining the double-layer capacitance in an electrosorption process. Because of the occurrence of double-layer overlapping in narrow pores, mesopores and micropores make significantly different contributions to the double-layer capacitance. Mesopores show good electrochemical accessibility. Micropores present a slow mass transfer of ions and a considerable loss of double-layer capacitance, associated with a shallow potential distribution inside pores. The formation of the diffuse layer inside the micropores determines the magnitude of the double-layer capacitance at low electrolyte concentrations and at conditions close to the point of zero charge of the material. The effect of the double-layer overlapping on the electrosorption capacitance can be reduced by increasing the pore size, electrolyte concentration, and applied potential. The results are relevant to water deionization. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Hou, Chia-Hung/J-4350-2013; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Hou, Chia-Hung/0000-0001-5149-4096; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 27 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 52 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 302 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.06.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 086IU UT WOS:000240667800007 PM 16842809 ER PT J AU Pan, GR Schaefer, DW Ilavsky, J AF Pan, Guirong Schaefer, Dale W. Ilavsky, Jan TI Morphology and water barrier properties of organosilane films: The effect of curing temperature SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silane films; neutron reflectivity; swelling; interface; processing variable ID SILANE FILMS; GAMMA-GPS; ALUMINUM; REFLECTIVITY; 2024-T3; STEEL AB The morphology of silane films and the response of these films to water vapor are studied by neutron reflectivity, X-ray reflectivity, ellipsometry, and contact angle. The systems studied include bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (bis-sulfur) and bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine (bis-amino), as well as mixtures of these two silanes. The effect of curing temperature on water-barrier properties is determined by comparing data for films cured at 180 degrees C with existing data for films cured at 80 degrees C. Higher curing temperature leads to an increase of the crosslink density as well as chemical modification for the sulfur-containing films. For bis-amino silane films, on the other hand, the effect on the water-barrier ability is negligible. Bis-amino silane is fully hydrolyzed and condensed at the curing temperature of 80 degrees C, so further increasing cure temperature does not affect the bulk structure of the film. For bis-sulfur and mixed films, however, higher curing temperature accelerates the hydrolysis and condensation, leading to denser films with better water-barrier performance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 302 IS 1 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.06.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 086IU UT WOS:000240667800034 PM 16860812 ER PT J AU Cheng, HP Wang, LL Du, MH Cao, C Wan, YX He, Y Muralidharan, K Greenlee, G Kolchin, A AF Cheng, Hai-Ping Wang, Lin-Lin Du, Mao-Hua Cao, Chao Wan, Ying-Xia He, Yao Muralidharan, Krishna Greenlee, Grace Kolchin, Andrew TI Quantum, classical, and multi-scale simulation of silica-water interaction: molecules, clusters, and extended systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Review DE amorphous silica; multi-scale modeling; silica cluster; silica nano-wire; water ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PLANE-WAVE CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT; LENGTH SCALES; LIQUID WATER; EFFICIENT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MAGNETIC-IMPURITIES; SIO2 NANOPARTICLES AB Over the past 6 years, we have engaged in a multi-faceted computational investigation of water-silica interactions at the fundamental physical and chemical level. This effort has necessitated development and implementation of simulation methods including high-accuracy quantum mechanical approaches, classical molecular dynamics, finite element techniques, and multi-scale modeling. We have found that water and silica can interact via either hydration or hydroxylation. Depending on physical conditions, the former process can be weak (< 0.2 eV) or strong (near 1.0 eV). Compared to hydration, the latter process yields much larger energy gains (2-3 eV/water). Some hydroxylated silica systems can accept more water molecules and undergo further hydroxylation. We have also studied the role of external stress, effects of finite silica system size, different numbers of water molecules, and temperature dependences. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Quantum Theory Project, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Res Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cheng, HP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cheng@qtp.ufl.edu RI Cao, Chao/F-5190-2010; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X NR 114 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s10820-006-9009-x PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 088FV UT WOS:000240798400012 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, H. P. TI Commentary on Strawson's target article SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10-11 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 099ON UT WOS:000241604800017 ER PT J AU Guidotti, RA Odinek, J Reinhardt, FW AF Guidotti, Ronald A. Odinek, Judy Reinhardt, Frederick W. TI Characterization of Fe/KClO(4) heat powders and pellets SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE burn rate; Fe/KCIO(4); heat powders; ignition sensitivity; thermal batteries AB Pellets of FeIKCIO(4) mixtures are used as a heat source for thermally activated ("thermal") batteries. They provide the energy necessary for melting the electrolyte and bringing the battery stack to operating temperature. The effects of morphology of the Fe and the heat-pellet density and composition on both the physical properties (flowability, pelletization, and pellet strength) and the pyrotechnic performance (burn rate and ignition sensitivity) were examined using several commercial sources of Fe. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sierra Nevada Consulting, 1536 W High Pointe Ct, Minden, NV 89423 USA. EM RonGuidotti@SierraNevadaConsulting.com NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 271 EP 305 DI 10.1080/07370650600896566 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 097HY UT WOS:000241439200001 ER PT J AU Liu, D Hickner, MA Case, SW Lesko, JJ AF Liu, Dan Hickner, Michael A. Case, Scott W. Lesko, John J. TI Relaxation of proton conductivity and stress in proton exchange membranes under strain SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Time-Dependent Behaviors of Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites CY 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; NAFION; TRANSPORT; MODEL; COPOLYMERS; WATER AB The stress relaxation and proton conductivity of Nafion 117 membrane (N117-H) and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer membrane with 35% sulfonation (BPSH35) in acid forms were investigated under uniaxial loading conditions. The results showed that when the membranes were stretched, their proton conductivities in the direction of the strain initially increased compared to the unstretched films. The absolute increases in proton conductivities were larger at higher temperatures. It was also observed that proton conductivities relaxed exponentially with time at 30 degrees C. In addition, the stress relaxation of N117-H and BPSH35 films under both atmospheric and an immersed (in deionized water) condition was measured. The stresses were found to relax more rapidly than the proton conductivity at the same strains. An explanation for the above phenomena is developed based on speculated changes in the channel connectivity and length of proton conduction pathway in the hydrophilic channels, accompanied by the rotation, reorientation, and disentanglements of the polymer chains in the hydrophobic domains. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem & Biol Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM danl@vt.edu; mahickn@sandia.gov; scase@exchange.vt.edu; jlesko@exchange.vt.edu RI Case, Scott/C-2637-2009; OI Case, Scott/0000-0002-4802-1228 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 SI SI BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1115/1.2345441 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 102OA UT WOS:000241820400006 ER PT J AU Collick, AS Easton, ZM Montalto, FA Gao, B Kim, YJ Day, L Steenhuis, TS AF Collick, Amy S. Easton, Zachary M. Montalto, Franco A. Gao, Bin Kim, Young-Jin Day, Laurence Steenhuis, Tammo S. TI Hydrological evaluation of septic disposal field design in sloping terrains SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE hydrology; evaluation; slopes; wastewater treatment; waste disposal ID SYSTEM; WATER AB The most common form of onsite domestic wastewater treatment in the United States is the septic system. Although the design of these systems has been well established, no systematic evaluation of septic system performance exists for sloping hardpan soils. In this paper, we develop a simple hydrologic model for assessing the probability of failure for a set of hydrologic conditions, septic loading rates, and soil and landscape parameters that are readily available for sloping soils. To demonstrate the model capabilities, input data for a septic field of a two-person residence in the New York City drinking water basin in the Catskills was utilized. Our analysis showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity, depth to the impermeable layer, and slope of the drain field are critical parameters to assess in the design and siting of these systems. We concluded that septic systems perform poorly in undulating landscapes where the hydraulic conductivity is low and the impermeable layer is close to the surface. Under prolonged rainfall conditions on these soils, the septic field and downslope field saturate, causing hydraulic failure of the septic system and saturation in the downslope field; as a result, effluent may be routed directly to streams via overland runoff. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Delaware Cty Soil & Water Conservat Dist, Walton, NY 13856 USA. RP Collick, AS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Gao, Bin/B-8027-2010 OI Gao, Bin/0000-0003-3769-0191 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 10 BP 1289 EP 1297 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:10(1289) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105EO UT WOS:000242012600010 ER PT J AU Bartlett, N AF Bartlett, Neil TI Low temperature preparation and uses of potent oxidizers SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE synthesis; (AgF4](-); [NiF6](2-); salts; potent oxidizers; PtF6; RuF6; RhF6 ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PERFLUOROALKYL DERIVATIVES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ANHYDROUS HF; PTF6-SALTS; FLUORIDES; OXIDATION; SULPHUR; CATIONS; AGF3 AB Because electronegativity of an oxidation state is low in an anion, salts of the high oxidation-state species [AgF4](-) and [NiF6](2-) can be easily made, at 0 degrees C, in liquid anhydrous HF (aHF) made basic with alkali fluorides. The containers are transparent fluorocarbon, and the F-2 is photo-dissociated. The [NiF6](2-) salts, and the metastable binary fluorides NiF4 and NiF3, derived from them, are efficient fluorinating agents for the conversion of hydrido compounds to their fully fluorinated relatives. With F-2 in aHF made acidic with fluoride-ion acceptors (e.g. MF5, M = As, Sb, Bi) attained oxidation-states are often lower (e.g. Ag-II, Au-II) because of the higher electronegativity in cations. Cationic Ag-III, and Ni-IV species (derived from the anions) are sufficiently long-lived, and potent, to generate the most powerfully oxidizing hexafluorides of the second and third transition series (i.e. [MF6], M = Pt, Ru, Rh). This synthesis is especially valuable for RhF6, and has provided for the reinvestigation of the interaction of it with O-2. It is proposed that the unexpectedly large unit cell of O2RhF6 is a result of the presence of neutral O-2 and neutral RhF6 as well as O-2(+) and RhF6- in the lattice. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartlett, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM neilbartlett@earthlink.net NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 127 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.05.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 112JC UT WOS:000242520800003 ER PT J AU Macken, CA Webby, RJ Bruno, WJ AF Macken, Catherine A. Webby, Richard J. Bruno, William J. TI Genotype turnover by reassortment of replication complex genes from avian Influenza A virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; INTERNAL GENES; HONG-KONG; H5N1; EVOLUTION; ATTENUATION; MONKEYS; CHINA AB Reassortment among the RNA segments of Influenza A virus caused the two most recent human influenza pandemics; recently, reassortment has generated viral genotypes associated with outbreaks of avian H5N1 influenza in Asia and Europe. A statistical analysis has been developed for the systematic identification and characterization of reassortant viruses. The analysis was applied to the genes of the replication complex of 152 avian influenza A viruses isolated between 1966 and 2004 from predominantly terrestrial and domestic aquatic avian species. The results indicated that reassortment among these genes was pervasive throughout this period and throughout both the Eurasian and North American lineages of the virus. Evidence is presented that the circulating genotypes of the replication complex are being replaced continually by novel genotypes created by reassortment. No constraints for coordinated reassortment among genes of the replication complex were evident; rather, reassortment almost always proceeded one segment at a time. A maximum-likelihood estimate of the rate of reassortment was derived. For significantly diverged Asian avian influenza A viruses from the period 1991-2004, it was estimated that the median duration between creation of a new genotype and its next segment reassortment was 3 years. Reassortments that introduced previously unobserved influenza genetic material were detected. These findings point to substantial potential for rapid generation of novel avian influenza A viruses, emphasizing the importance of intensive surveillance of these host species in preparation for a possible pandemic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Macken, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-10 MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmacken@lanl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI95357] NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2803 EP 2815 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81454-0 PN 10 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 094AC UT WOS:000241210400005 PM 16963738 ER PT J AU Lourenco, PC Schmerr, MJ MacGregor, I Will, RG Ironside, JW Head, MW AF Lourenco, Paula C. Schmerr, Mary Jo MacGregor, Ian Will, Robert G. Ironside, James W. Head, Mark W. TI Application of an immunocapillary electrophoresis assay to the detection of abnormal prion protein in brain, spleen and blood specimens from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENT-LABELED PEPTIDES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; TISSUE SAMPLES; TRANSFUSION; IMMUNOASSAY; SCRAPIE; UK; TRANSMISSION AB Sensitive and specific detection of abnormal prion protein in blood could provide a diagnostic test or screening assay for animal and human prion diseases. Here, the application of an immunocapillary electrophoresis (ICE) method developed for sheep scrapie to brain, spleen and blood from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is described. The assay involves organic-solvent extraction, a competitive immunoassay using fluorescently labelled synthetic prion protein peptides and polyclonal antibodies specific for those sequences, and analysis by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection. The test was evaluated by using clinical blood specimens from patients with variant (n = 5) or sporadic (n = 4) CJD and patients initially suspected of having CJD who were given an alternative diagnosis (n = 6). In this context, the ICE assay was specific, but incompletely sensitive (55 %). The method was unable to detect abnormal prion protein in variant CJD brain or spleen reference materials due to its loss during the extraction process. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Sch Mol & Clin Med, Natl CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. SNBTS Prod & Components R&D Grp, Natl Sci Lab, Edinburgh EH17 7QT, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Head, MW (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Sch Mol & Clin Med, Natl CJD Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. EM m.w.head@ed.ac.uk OI Head, Mark/0000-0003-2034-8613; Ironside, James/0000-0001-5869-2108 FU Medical Research Council [G0600953, G0900580] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 87 BP 3119 EP 3124 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81935-0 PN 10 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 094AC UT WOS:000241210400039 PM 16963772 ER PT J AU Jerden, JL Sinha, AK AF Jerden, James L., Jr. Sinha, A. K. TI Geochemical coupling of uranium and phosphorous in soils overlying an unmined uranium deposit: Coles Hill, Virginia SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE uranium mobility; uranium phosphate; crandallite; gorceixite; autunite ID PHOSPHATE MINERALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; HYDROXYAPATITE; SOLUBILITY; PROFILE AB The mineralogy and geochemistry of soils developed over the unmined Coles Hill uranium deposit (Virginia) were studied to determine how phosphorous influences the speciation of uranium in oxidizing soil/saprolite systems typical of the eastern US. Results from this study have implications for both uranium remediation (e.g. in situ stabilization) and uranium resource exploration (e.g. near-surface geochemical sampling). The primary uranium ore (coffinite and uraninite hosted in quartzo-feldspathic gneiss) weathers to saprolites containing the same uranium concentration as the underlying ore (approximately 1000 mg U/kg saprolites). In these water saturated (below water table) saprolites the uranium is retained as uranyl phosphates of the meta-autunite group (mainly meta-uranocircite). Above the water table the soils overlying the deposit contain approximately 200 mg uranium per kg soil (20 times higher than uranium concentrations in similar soils formed from unmineralized rocks adjacent to the deposit). In these unsaturated zone soils uranium is retained by two processes: (1) incorporation into barium-strontium-calcium aluminum phosphate minerals of the crandallite group (mainly gorceixite), and (2) sorption of uranium with phosphorous onto iron oxides that coat the surfaces of other soil minerals. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the meta-autunite group minerals present in the saprolites below the water table are not stable in the unsaturated zone soils overlying the deposit due to the drop in soil pH from similar to 6.0 down to similar to 4.5. Mineralogical observations suggest that, once exposed to the unsaturated environment, the meta-autunite group minerals react to form U(VI)-bearing aluminum phosphates and U(VI) surface complexes or nano-precipitates associated with ferric oxides. These results therefore indicate that models predicting U(VI) speciation in phosphate amended soils must simultaneously account for variations in pH, ion activities (aluminum appears to be particularly important) and surface complexation with iron oxide mineral surfaces. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Jerden@cmt.ant.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 56 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.12.003 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 092XW UT WOS:000241132000004 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DE Jacobson, SH AF Armstrong, Derek E. Jacobson, Sheldon H. TI Analyzing the complexity of finding good neighborhood functions for local search algorithms SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE computational complexity; local search algorithms; NP-hard discrete optimization problems ID NP-OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; APPROXIMATION; REDUCIBILITY AB A drawback to using local search algorithms to address NP-hard discrete optimization problems is that many neighborhood functions have an exponential number of local optima that are not global optima (termed L-locals). A neighborhood function eta is said to be stable if the number of L-locals is polynomial. A stable neighborhood function ensures that the number of L-locals does not grow too large as the instance size increases and results in improved performance for many local search algorithms. This paper studies the complexity of stable neighborhood functions for NP-hard discrete optimization problems by introducing neighborhood transformations. Neighborhood transformations between discrete optimization problems consist of a transformation of problem instances and a corresponding transformation of solutions that preserves the ordering imposed by the objective function values. In this paper, MAX Weighted Boolean SAT (MWBS), MAX Clause Weighted SAT (MCWS), and Zero-One Integer Programming (ZOIP) are shown to be NPO-complete with respect to neighborhood transformations. Therefore, if MWBS, MCWS, or ZOIP has a stable neighborhood function, then every problem in NPO has a stable neighborhood function. These results demonstrate the difficulty of finding effective neighborhood functions for NP-hard discrete optimization problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Armstrong, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM shj@uiuc.edu OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5001 EI 1573-2916 J9 J GLOBAL OPTIM JI J. Glob. Optim. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 36 IS 2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s10898-006-9007-2 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 077HD UT WOS:000240019000003 ER PT J AU Porter, JM Larsen, ME Barnes, JW Howell, JR AF Porter, Jason M. Larsen, Marvin E. Barnes, J. Wesley Howell, John R. TI Metaheuristic optimization of a discrete array of radiant heaters SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 14-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME ID GENETIC ALGORITHM AB The design of radiant enclosures is an active area of research in radiation heat transfer When design variables are discrete such as for radiant heater arrays with on-off control of individual heaters, current methods of design optimization fail. This paper reports the development of a metaheuristic thermal radiation optimization approach. Two metaheuristic optimization methods are explored: simulated annealing and tabu search. Both approaches are applied to a combinatorial radiant enclosure design problem. Configuration factors are used to develop a dynamic neighborhood for the tabu search algorithm. Results are presented from the combinatorial optimization problem. Tabu search with a problem specific dynamic neighborhood definition is shown to find better solutions than the benchmark simulated annealing approach in less computation time. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Porter, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Univ Stn C2200, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jhowell@mail.utexas.edu NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1040 DI 10.1115/1.2345430 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 102VR UT WOS:000241841900007 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Forns, X Neumann, AU Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Forns, Xavier Neumann, Avidan U. Perelson, Alan S. TI The extrahepatic contribution to HCV plasma viremia SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; IN-VIVO; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; VIRAL DYNAMICS; STRAND RNA; REPLICATION; SEQUENCES; KINETICS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hosp Clin Barcelona, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Dahari, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 4 BP 626 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.004 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 094YU UT WOS:000241276100029 PM 16901578 ER PT J AU Aspinwall, PS Fidkowski, LM AF Aspinwall, Paul S. Fidkowski, Lukasz M. TI Superpotentials for quiver gauge theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE differential and algebraic geometry; D-branes ID D-BRANES; SINGULARITIES; CATEGORIES AB We compute superpotentials for quiver gauge theories arising from marginal D-Brane decay on collapsed del Pezzo cycles S in a Calabi-Yau X. This is done using the machinery of A(infinity) products in the derived category of coherent sheaves of X, which in turn is related to the derived category of S and quiver path algebras. We confirm that the superpotential is what one might have guessed from analyzing the moduli space, i.e., it is linear in the fields corresponding to the Ext(2)s of the quiver and that each such Ext(2) multiplies a polynomial in Ext(1)s equal to precisely the relation represented by the Ext(2). C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Geometry & Theoret Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Aspinwall, PS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM psa@cgtp.duke.edu; lukasf@gmail.com NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 IS 10 AR 047 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 115DG UT WOS:000242714400043 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Ellis, RK Zanderighi, G AF Campbell, John M. Ellis, R. Keith Zanderighi, Giulia TI Next-to-leading order Higgs+2 jet production via gluon fusion SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hadronic colliders; QCD; jets; Higgs physics ID HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; COLLIDERS AB We present phenomenological results for the production of a Higgs boson in association with two jets at the LHC. The calculation is performed in the limit of large top mass and is accurate to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling, i.e. O(alpha(6)(s)). C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, PH Dept, TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM j.campbell@physics.gla.ac.uk; ellis@fnal.gov; Giulia.Zanderighi@cern.ch NR 27 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 IS 10 AR 028 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/10/028 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 115DG UT WOS:000242714400062 ER PT J AU del Aguila, F Perez-Victoria, M Santiago, J AF del Aguila, Francisco Perez-Victoria, Manuel Santiago, Jose TI Effective description of brane terms in extra dimensions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; large extra dimensions; field theories in higher dimensions ID QUANTUM-FIELD-THEORY; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; KINETIC TERMS; REGULARIZATION; MANIFOLDS; ORBIFOLDS; MASS AB We study how theories defined in (extra-dimensional) spaces with localized defects can be described perturbatively by effective field theories in which the width of the defects vanishes. These effective theories must incorporate a "classical" renormalization, and we propose a renormalization prescription a la dimensional regularization for codimension 1, which can be easily used in phenomenological applications. As a check of the validity of this setting, we compare some general predictions of the renormalized effective theory with those obtained in a particular ultraviolet completion based on deconstruction. C1 Univ Granada, CAFPE, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP del Aguila, F (reprint author), Univ Granada, CAFPE, E-18071 Granada, Spain. EM faguila@ugr.es; mpv@mail.cern.ch; jsantiag@fnal.gov RI del Aguila, Francisco/D-8747-2016 OI del Aguila, Francisco/0000-0003-2682-6890 NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 IS 10 AR 056 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 115DG UT WOS:000242714400034 ER PT J AU Milstene, C Fisk, G Para, A AF Milstene, C. Fisk, G. Para, A. TI Muon ID at the ILC SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE particle tracking detectors; particle identification methods AB This paper describes a new way to reconstruct and identify muons with high efficiency and high pion rejection. Since muons at the ILC are often produced with or in jets, for many of the physics channels of interest [1], an efficient algorithm to deal with the identification and separation of particles within jets is important. The algorithm at the core of the method accounts for the effects of the magnetic field and for the loss of energy by charged particles due to ionization in the detector. We have chosen to develop the analysis within the setup of one of the Linear Collider Concept Detectors adopted by the US. Within b-pair production jets, particles cover a wide range in momenta; however similar to 80% of the particles have a momentum below 30 GeV [2]. Our study, focused on bbar-b jets, is preceded by a careful analysis of single energy particles between 2 and 50 GeV. As medium energy particles are a substantial component of the jets, many of the particles lose part of their energy in the calorimeters and the solenoid coil before reaching the muon detector where they may have energy below 2 GeV. To deal with this problem we have implemented a Runge-Kutta correction of the calculated trajectory to better handle these lower energy particles. The multiple scattering and other stochastic processes, more important at lower energy, is addressed by a Kalman-filter integrated into the reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm provides a unique and powerful separation of muons from pions. The 5 Tesla magnetic field from a solenoid surrounds the hadron calorimeter and allows the reconstruction and precision momentum measurement down to a few GeV. C1 [Milstene, C.; Fisk, G.; Para, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Milstene, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM caroline@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 AR P10003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/1/10/P10003 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA V44AK UT WOS:000202975400005 ER PT J AU Han, SI Granwehr, J Garcia, S McDonnell, EE Pines, A AF Han, Songi Granwehr, Josef Garcia, Sandra McDonnell, Erin E. Pines, Alexander TI Auxiliary probe design adaptable to existing probes for remote detection NMR, MRI, and time-of-flight tracing SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; MRI; remote detection; probe design; flow; time-of-flight; sensitivity ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; XENON; FIELD; NOISE; FLOW AB A versatile, detection-only probe design is presented that can be adapted to any existing NMR or MRI probe with the purpose of making the remote detection concept generally applicable. Remote detection suggests freeing the NMR experiment from the confinement of using the same radio frequency (RF) coil and magnetic field for both information encoding and signal detection. Information is stored during the encoding step onto a fluid sensor medium whose magnetization is later measured in a different location. The choice of an RF probe and magnetic field for encoding can be made based solely on the size and characteristics of the sample and the desired information quality without considering detection sensitivity, as this aspect is dealt with by a separate detector. While early experiments required building probes that included two resonant circuits, one for encoding and one for detection, a modular approach with a detection-only probe as presented here can be used along with any existing NMR probe of choice for encoding. The design of two different detection-only probes is presented, one with a saddle coil for milliliter-sized detection volumes, and the other one with a microsolenoid coil for sub-microliter fluid quantities. As example applications, we present time-of-flight (TOF) tracing of hyperpolarized Xe-129 spins in a gas mixture through coiled tubing using the microsolenoid coil detector and TOF flow imaging through a nested glass container where the gas flow changes its direction twice between inlet and outlet using the saddle coil detector. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnet Resonance Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Han, SI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM songi@chem.ucsb.edu RI Han, Songi/E-4723-2012 OI Han, Songi/0000-0001-6489-6246 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 182 IS 2 BP 260 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.06.024 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 093XP UT WOS:000241203900010 PM 16875855 ER PT J AU Rui, X Shield, JE Sun, Z Yue, L Xu, Y Sellmyer, DJ Liu, Z Miller, DJ AF Rui, X Shield, JE Sun, Z Yue, L Xu, Y Sellmyer, DJ Liu, Z Miller, DJ TI High-energy product exchange-spring FePt/Fe cluster nanocomposite permanent magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cluster; exchange-coupling; energy product ID GAS AGGREGATION SOURCE; NANOCLUSTER FILMS; FE CLUSTERS; THIN-FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; CONSTRUCTION AB In this paper, we report on the production of Fe cluster/FePt matrix nanocomposite permanent magnets. Monodispersed Fe clusters with sizes below 10 nm were formed by gas aggregation techniques. These Fe clusters were imbedded in an FePt matrix by alternate deposition from two sources. Specimens with a range of Fe cluster phase content from 0 to 30vol% were produced by controlling deposition times from each source. As-deposited FePt formed in the Al structure; thus, post-deposition heat treatment was necessary to form the hard magnetic L1(0) FePt compound. A single-step heat treatment at 600 degrees C for 10min leads to nanocomposite structures with excellent magnetic properties. The coercivity decreased with increasing Fe cluster content, while the energy product initially increased, reaching a maximum of almost 18 MGOe, and then decreased at higher Fe cluster content. Secondary heat treatment at 500 degrees C significantly improved the magnetic properties when compared with the single-step heat treatment at 600 degrees C. Increased coercivity and remanence was observed, resulting in energy products of 21 MGOe. The energy products are close to 70 percent greater than expected for uncoupled systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rui, X (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM repreter@hotmail.com NR 29 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 305 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.11.032 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 059FE UT WOS:000238717900015 ER PT J AU Lin, XM Samia, ACS AF Lin, XM Samia, ACS TI Synthesis, assembly and physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE magnetic nanoparticles; colloids; chemical synthesis; self-assembly ID COLLOIDAL IRON DISPERSIONS; SIZE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; FEPT NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES AB Compared with the top-down lithographic techniques, bottom-up chemical synthesis and self-assembly approaches offer much more flexibilities in creating magnetic nanostructures with controlled size, shape, composition and physical properties. This review summarizes some of the latest developments in this field, with emphasis mainly on transition metals, their alloys and metal oxide nanoparticles. The focus is directed towards the conditions of individual particles as well as large assemblies of particles through colloidal chemistry. Furthermore, some of the future directions in nanomagnetism from the perspective of physical chemists is also presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, XM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xmlin@anl.gov NR 111 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 8 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 305 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.11.042 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 059FE UT WOS:000238717900019 ER PT J AU De Graef, M Beleggia, M AF De Graef, M. Beleggia, M. TI The fluxgate ring-core demagnetization field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE demagnetization factors; fluxgate; internal field; shape amplitude AB The local demagnetization factor for the ring-core flux gate is derived analytically, based on a tangential magnetization model. The results are in good agreement with experimental data for a wide range of ring shape parameters. Approximate expressions in the limit of a narrow, thin ring are obtained, and indicate that the local demagnetization factor scales with the ratio of the cross-sectional area to the total area of the ring. Analytical modeling of the demagnetization factors for a uniform magnetization state results in an underestimate of the local cross-section averaged demagnetization factors by 50% or more. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 305 IS 2 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.01.111 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 088SO UT WOS:000240831600023 ER PT J AU Hsiung, LM Zhou, J Nieh, TG AF Hsiung, L. M. Zhou, J. Nieh, T. G. TI In situ transmission electron microscope study of interface sliding and migration in an ultrafine lamellar structure SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIAL ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION; DISLOCATIONS; TEMPERATURES AB The instability of interfaces in an ultrafine TiAl-(gamma)/Ti3Al-(alpha(2)) lamellar structure by straining at room temperature has been investigated using in situ straining techniques performed in a transmission electron microscope. The purpose of this study was to obtain experimental evidence to support the creep mechanisms based upon the interface sliding in association with a cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations, which was proposed previously to rationalize a nearly linear creep behavior of ultrafine lamellar TiAl alloys. The results reveal that the sliding and migration of lamellar interfaces can take place simultaneously as a result of the cooperative movement of interfacial dislocations, which can lead to an adverse effect in the performance of ultrafine lamellar TiAl alloy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsiung1@11nl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2453 EP 2459 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0311 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600004 ER PT J AU Hayes, JR Hodge, AM Biener, J Hamza, AV Sieradzki, K AF Hayes, J. R. Hodge, A. M. Biener, J. Hamza, A. V. Sieradzki, K. TI Monolithic nanoporous copper by dealloying Mn-Cu SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; GOLD; CATALYSTS; CORROSION; KINETICS; SCALE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Monolithic nanoporous copper was synthesized by dealloying Mn0.7Cu0.3 by two distinct methods: potentiostatically driven dealloying and free corrosion. Both the ligament size and morphology were found to be highly dependent on the dealloying methods and conditions. For example, ligaments from 16 nm-125 nm were obtained by dealloying either electrochemically or by free corrosion, respectively. Optimization of the starting Mn-Cu alloy microstructure allowed us to synthesize uniform porous structures; but we found cracking to be unavoidable. Despite the presence of unavoidable defects, the narroporous material still exhibits higher than expected yield strength. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94546 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hayes, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94546 USA. EM JRHayes@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 139 Z9 151 U1 12 U2 98 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2611 EP 2616 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0322 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600023 ER PT J AU Howe, JY Tibbetts, GG Kwag, C Lake, ML AF Howe, J. Y. Tibbetts, G. G. Kwag, C. Lake, M. L. TI Heat treating carbon nanoribers for optimal composite performance SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES AB Partial graphitization of carbon nanofibers by high-temperature heat treatment can give improved composite properties. The intrinsic electrical conductivity of the bulk carbon nanofibers measured under compression is maximized by giving the fibers an initial heat treatment at 1500 degrees C. Similarly, for carbon nanofiber/polypropylene composites containing up to 12 vol% fiber, initial fiber heat treatments near 1500 degrees C give tensile modulus and strength superior even to composites made from fibers graphitized at 2900 degrees C. However, optimum composite conductivity is obtained with a somewhat lower heat-treatment temperature, near 1300 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with x-ray diffraction (XRD) explains these results, showing that heat treating the fibers alters the exterior planes from continuous, coaxial, and poorly crystallized to discontinuous nested conical crystallites inclined at about 25 degrees to the fiber axis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Appl Sci Inc, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. RP Howe, JY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM howej@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2646 EP 2652 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0325 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600027 ER PT J AU Reedy, ED AF Reedy, E. D., Jr. TI Thin-coating contact mechanics with adhesion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID JKR-DMT TRANSITION; FRICTION; INDENTER AB An elementary theory for a rigid spherical indenter contacting a thin, linear elastic coating that is bonded to a rigid substrate was developed. This theory predicts that contact area varies as the square root of the compressive load in contrast to Hertz theory where contact area varies as the two-thirds power of the compressive load. Finite element analysis confirmed an approximate square root dependence of contact area on compressive load when the coating thickness-to-indenter radius ratio is less than 0.1 and when the coating Poisson's ratio is less than 0.45. Thin-coating contact mechanics theories that use either the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) approximation or the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) approximation were also developed. In addition, a finite element simulation capability that includes adhesion was developed and verified. Illustrative finite element simulations that include adhesion were then performed for a thin elastic coating (rigid indenter/substrate). Results were compared with the thin-coating contact theories and the transition from DMT-like to JKR-like response was examined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reedy, ED (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM edreedy@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2660 EP 2668 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0327 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600029 ER PT J AU Ugurlu, O Chumbley, LS Fisher, CR AF Ugurlu, O. Chumbley, L. S. Fisher, C. R. TI Persistence of 5 : 3 plates in RE5(SixGe1-x)(4) alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); SYSTEM; GD-5(SI2GE2) AB Studies of RE5(SixGe1-x)(4) alloys, where RE equals rare earth, have revealed a second-phase having a thin-plate morphology in essentially every alloy examined, independent of exact composition and matrix crystal structure. Identified as having a composition approximating Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(3) and a hexagonal crystal structure in the Gd-based system, it has been suggested that the observed thin-plate second phases seen in this family of rare earth alloys are all most likely of the form RE5(SixGe1-x)(3). A number of interesting observations suggest that the formation of these second-phase plates is somewhat unusual. The purpose of this article is to investigate the stability of this second phase in Gd- and Er-based compounds. The stability was investigated as a function of thermal cycling and large-scale composition fluctuations. The results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) studies indicate that the RE5(SixGe1-x)(3) phase is extremely stable once it forms in a RE5(SixGe1-x)(4) matrix. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ugurlu, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ozan@iastate.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2669 EP 2674 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0326 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600030 ER PT J AU Hildebrand, M York, E Kelz, JI Davis, AK Frigeri, LG Allison, DP Doktycz, MJ AF Hildebrand, Mark York, Evelyn Kelz, Jessica I. Davis, Aubrey K. Frigeri, Luciano G. Allison, David P. Doktycz, Mitchel J. TI Nanoscale control of silica morphology and three-dimensional structure during diatom cell wall formation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; FINE-STRUCTURE; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; SHELL FORMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CENTRIC DIATOM; IN-VITRO; MORPHOGENESIS; BIOSILICA; NANOSTRUCTURE AB We present a unique approach combining biological manipulation with advanced imaging tools to examine silica cell wall synthesis in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. The innate capabilities of diatoms to form complex 3D silica structures on the nano- to micro-scale exceed current synthetic approaches because they use a fundamentally different formation process. Understanding the molecular details of the process requires identifying structural intermediates and correlating their formation with genes and proteins involved. This will aid in development of approaches to controllably alter structure, facilitating the use of diatoms as a direct source of nanostructured materials. In T. pseudonana, distinct silica morphologies were observed during formation of different cell wall substructures, and three different scales of structural organization were identified. At all levels, structure formation correlated with optimal design properties for the final product. These results provide a benchmark of measurements and new insights into biosilicification processes, potentially also benefiting biomimetic approaches. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol BIol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Agilent Technol, Mol Imaging Inc, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hildebrand, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mhildebrand@ucsd.edu RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 56 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 26 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2689 EP 2698 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0333 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091IW UT WOS:000241021600033 ER PT J AU Brown, EN White, SR Sottos, NR AF Brown, E. N. White, S. R. Sottos, N. R. TI Fatigue crack propagation in microcapsule-toughened epoxy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GLASS SPHERES; PARTICLE-SIZE; FILLED EPOXY; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; RUBBER; GROWTH; RESINS; TEMPERATURE AB The addition of liquid-filled urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules to an epoxy matrix leads to significant reduction in fatigue crack growth rate and corresponding increase in fatigue life. Mode-I fatigue crack propagation is measured using a tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimen for a range of microcapsule concentrations and sizes: 0, 5, 10, and 20% by weight and 50, 180, and 460 mu m diameter. Cyclic crack growth in both the neat epoxy and epoxy filled with microcapsules obeys the Paris power law. Above a transition value of the applied stress intensity factor Delta K-T, which corresponds to loading conditions where the size of the plastic zone approaches the size of the embedded microcapsules, the Paris law exponent decreases with increasing content of microcapsules, ranging from 9.7 for neat epoxy to approximately 4.5 for concentrations above 10 wt% microcapsules. Improved resistance to fatigue crack propagation, indicated by both the decreased crack growth rates and increased cyclic stress intensity for the onset of unstable fatigue-crack growth, is attributed to toughening mechanisms induced by the embedded microcapsules as well as crack shielding due to the release of fluid as the capsules are ruptured. In addition to increasing the inherent fatigue life of epoxy, embedded microcapsules filled with an appropriate healing agent provide a potential mechanism for self-healing of fatigue damage. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G-755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM n-sottos@uiuc.edu; swhite@uiuc.edu; n-sottos@uiuc.edu OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 38 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6266 EP 6273 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0512-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 096LW UT WOS:000241379600011 ER PT J AU Porwal, PK Beyerlein, IJ Phoenix, SL AF Porwal, Pankaj K. Beyerlein, Irene J. Phoenix, S. Leigh TI STATISTICAL STRENGTH OF A TWISTED FIBER BUNDLE: AN EXTENSION OF DANIELS EQUAL-LOAD-SHARING PARALLEL BUNDLE THEORY SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE twisted fiber bundle or yarn; Monte Carlo simulation; statistical strength; twist modified equal load sharing (TM-ELS); ideal helical structure; interfiber friction; chain-of-bundles model AB In this work, we extend the statistical strength model of Daniels for a parallel fiber bundle to a twisted bundle with an ideal helical structure. The bundle is clamped at each end in such a way that it has no slack fibers in the unloaded state. The fibers are linearly elastic and continuous, and have random strengths following a Weibull distribution with Weibull shape parameter rho. We calculate the stress redistribution from failed to surviving fibers according to a twist-modified equal load sharing (TM-ELS) rule, introduced here. The effect of the twist is modeled analytically by two approaches, one called geometrical averaging, in which the fiber helix angles are averaged, and the other called statistical averaging, in which the fiber failure probabilities are averaged. In both probability models, the bundle strength distributions remain asymptotically Gaussian, as in Daniels' original model; however, the associated mean and standard deviation are additionally altered by the surface twist angle. To validate these theories, a Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate fiber break initiation and progression within a cross-sectional plane under tension. For all values of surface twist angle alpha(s), rho and bundle size studied, the simulated strength distributions are shown to be strongly Gaussian. Transitions in failure mode from diffuse, across the bundle cross-section, to localized near the center of the bundle occur when alpha(s) and rho increase and the bundle size decreases, in spite of application of a diffuse-type loading sharing rule, TM-ELS. Both analytical models provide similar results which are in excellent agreement with the simulated results. For the most part, we consider the bundle to be short enough that interfiber friction plays no role in the stress redistribution. However, to demonstrate its importance in long bundles, we mimic the effects of interfiber friction by considering a chain of such bundles where the bundle length is chosen to approximate the characteristic length of unloading around breaks. C1 [Porwal, Pankaj K.; Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Phoenix, S. Leigh] Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Porwal, PK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pkp2@cornell.edu; irene@lanl.gov; slp6@cornell.edu RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) [20030216]; Institute for Future Space Transport, a NASA University Institute [NCC3-994] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology-based Distinguished Student Award provided to graduate student Pankaj K. Porwal by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the support of a LANL-directed Research and Development project (No. 20030216) provided to IJB. This work has been supported in part under the Institute for Future Space Transport, a NASA University Institute funded under Cooperative Agreement NCC3-994. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE PUBL PI BERKELEY PA UNIV CALIFORNIA, DEPT MATHEMATICS, BERKELEY, CA 94720-3840 USA SN 1559-3959 J9 J MECH MATER STRUCT JI J. Mech. Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1447 DI 10.2140/jomms.2006.1.1425 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA V14IT UT WOS:000207728800007 ER PT J AU Culley, DE Kovacik, WP Brockman, FJ Zhang, WW AF Culley, David E. Kovacik, William P., Jr. Brockman, Fred J. Zhang, Weiwen TI Optimization of RNA isolation from the archaebacterium Methanosarcina barkeri and validation for oligonucleotide microarray analysis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE RNA isolation; microarray; Methanosarcina barkeri ID METHANOGENS; GENES; ADAPTATION; METABOLISM; EXTRACTION; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; GROWTH AB The recent completion of a draft genome sequence for Methanosarcina barkeri has allowed the application of various high throughput post-genomics technologies, such as nucleic acid microarrays and mass spectrometry of proteins to detect global changes in transcription and translation that occur in response to experimental treatments. However, due to the production of a thick heteropolysaccharide outer layer, M. barkeri usually grows in large aggregates of cells rather than as individual, planktonic cells. Complete disruption of these aggregates and lysis of the released cells presents technical difficulties in ensuring the isolation of intact RNA from the entire population of cells. Initial attempts at isolating RNA from M. barkeri using several standard extraction protocols gave incomplete lysis of cells and resulted in low yields of poor quality RNA. In this study, we tested several chemical and mechanical disruption modifications of standard RNA extraction methods to optimize the extraction efficiency and minimize the number of unlysed cells remaining after extraction. As a further test of the quality of the resulting RNAs, their performance in replicate microarray analyses were determined. The results showed that inclusion of a liquid nitrogen grinding step prior to Trizol extraction, combined with moderate bead beating, yielded the most complete cell lysis, the highest yield of RNA and the most reproducible microarray results for M. barkeri. From these results it is clear that the methods used to isolate RNA can have a significant impact on the variability, trend and, presumably, the accuracy of microarray data. In addition, functional analysis of the microarray results obtained with RNA from the optimized protocol showed that, as expected, the genes involved in methanogenesis were among the most highly expressed genes in M barkeri. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.014 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 088KX UT WOS:000240811700005 PM 16631263 ER PT J AU Tobias, HJ Pitesky, ME Fergenson, DP Steele, PT Horn, J Frank, M Gard, EE AF Tobias, Herbert J. Pitesky, Maurice E. Fergenson, David P. Steele, Paul T. Horn, Joanne Frank, Matthias Gard, Eric E. TI Following the biochemical and morphological changes of Bacillus atrophaeus cells during the sporulation process using Bioaerosol Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE single cell mass spectrometry; Bacillus atrophaeus; endospore formation ID DIPICOLINIC ACID; LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SUBTILIS; SPORES; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION AB Bioaerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS), a real-time single cell analytical technique, was used to follow the biochemical and morphological changes within a group of Bacillus atrophaeus cells by measuring individual cells during the process of sporulation. A mutant of B. atrophaeus that lacks the ability to produce dipicolinic acid (DPA) was also analyzed. Single cell aerodynamic sizing was used to follow gross morphological changes, and chemical analysis of single cells by mass spectrometry was used to follow some biochemical changes of B. atrophaeus cells during endospore formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gard, EE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gard2@llnl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.03.001 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 088KX UT WOS:000240811700007 PM 16616384 ER PT J AU Borca-Tasciuc, T Borca-Tasciuc, DA Graham, S Goods, SH Kelly, JJ Yang, NYC AF Borca-Tasciuc, Theodorian Borca-Tasciuc, Diana-Andra Graham, Samuel Goods, Steven H. Kelly, James J. Yang, Nancy Y. C. TI Annealing effects on mechanical and transport properties of Ni and Ni-alloy electrodeposits SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE annealing; conductivity; mechanical variables measurement; microstructure; nickel; nickel alloys; thermal variables measurement ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SULFAMATE BATH; NICKEL; LIGA; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; SURFACES AB The effect of annealing at temperatures up to 600 degrees C on the mechanical properties and the thermal and electrical transport characteristics of nickel and a nickel-manganese electrode-posits are presented. The samples include Ni plated from sulfamate salt with dodecyl sulfate surfactant and from NiSO4 with saccharin additive and a NiMn alloy deposited from a nickel sulfamate bath with added MnCl2. Recrystallization and grain growth, induced by annealing, are shown to strongly affect the mechanical and transport properties. Relatively coarse-grained Ni-sulfamate electrodeposits yielded properties closest to bulk Ni. The incorporation of sulfur (from saccharin additions to the plating electrolyte) or Mn into electrodeposited Ni produces materials with exceptionally fine grain size and with very high yield and ultimate strength. At the same time, the thermal and electrical conductivities are smaller than bulk Ni. Thermal annealing leads to a reduction in strength and an enhancement of the transport properties. The Ni-Mn alloy shows the best temperature stability of the mechanical and transport properties among the tested samples. The observed trends are explained in terms of the influence of microstructure on the mechanical and transport properties. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Borca-Tasciuc, T (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM borcat@rpi.edu NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1059 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.879704 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 096XR UT WOS:000241410600002 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Clague, DS Candy, JV Sinensky, AK Lee, C Rudd, RE Burnham, AK AF Tringe, Joseph W. Clague, David S. Candy, James V. Sinensky, Asher K. Lee, Christopher Rudd, Robert E. Burnham, Alan K. TI Model-based processing of microcantilever sensor arrays SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE microcantilever; model-based processor (MBP); sensor; signal processing ID CANTILEVER ARRAY; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; DNA; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOSENSORS AB In this paper, we have developed a model-based processor (IMP) for a microcantilever-array sensor to detect target species in solution. We perform a proof-of-concept experiment, fit model parameters to the measured data and use them to develop a Gauss-Markov simulation. We then investigate two cases of interest, averaged deflection data and multichannel data. For this evaluation we extract model parameters via a model-based estimation, perform a Gauss-Markov simulation, design the optimal MBP and apply it to measured experimental data. The performance of the MBP in the multichannel case is evaluated by comparison to a "smoother" (averager) typically used for microcantilever signal analysis. It is shown that the MBP not only provides a significant gain (- 80 dB) in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but also consistently outperforms the smoother by 40-60 dB. Finally, we apply the processor to the smoothed experimental data and demonstrate its capability for chemical detection. The MBP performs quite well, apart from a correctable systematic bias error. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tringe2@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1391 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.880225 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 096XR UT WOS:000241410600036 ER PT J AU Boye, RR Kemme, SA Wendt, JR Cruz-Cabrera, AA Vawter, GA Alford, CR Carter, TR Samora, S AF Boye, Robert R. Kemme, Shanalyn A. Wendt, Joel R. Cruz-Cabrera, Alvaro A. Vawter, G. A. Alford, Charles R. Carter, Tony R. Samora, Sally TI Fabrication and measurement of wideband achromatic waveplates for the mid-infrared region using subwavelength features SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices III CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE subwavelength grating; form birefringence; polarization; infrared; microstructure devices; quarter-wave plate; polarimetry ID COMPLETE STOKES POLARIMETER; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; BINARY GRATINGS; PHASE RETARDER; IMPLEMENTATION; OPTIMIZATION; WAVELENGTH AB Subwavelength diffractive features etched into a substrate lead to form birefringence that can produce polarization sensitive elements such as wave plates. Using etched features allows for the development of pixelated devices to be used in conjunction with focal plane arrays in polarimetric imaging systems. Form birefringence exhibits dispersion that can be advantageous to the design of wave plates with an achromatic response. Taking advantage of this dispersion, diffractive wave plates with good achromatic characteristics can be designed for the 2- to 5-mu m spectral region. Previous work in this area has produced good results over a subset of this wavelength band, but designing for this extended band is particularly challenging. The fabrication processes for the subwavelength features will be discussed and fabricated devices with a measured average phase retardation of 80.6 deg and rms variation of 9.41 deg will be presented. (C) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. L & M Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Boye, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 AR 043007 DI 10.1117/1.2397081 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 133FE UT WOS:000243997600008 ER PT J AU Fedynyshyn, TH Sinta, RF Astolfi, DK Goodman, RB Cabral, A Roberts, J Meagley, R AF Fedynyshyn, Theodore H. Sinta, Roger F. Astolfi, David K. Goodman, Russell B. Cabral, Alberto Roberts, Jeanette Meagley, Robert TI Resist deconstruction as a probe for innate material roughness SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE photoresist; line edge roughness; photoacid generator ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; POSITIVE-TONE; LITHOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; FILMS AB We developed an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based technique to measure intrinsic material roughness after base development. This method involves performing an interrupted development of the resist film and measuring the resulting film roughness after a certain fixed film loss. Employing this technique, we have deconstructed the resist into component materials and established that the photoacid generator (PAG) is a major material contributor of film roughness and that PAG segregation in the resist is likely responsible for nanoscale dissolution inhomogeneities. Small differences in PAG concentration as a result of standing waves in the resist can lead to large changes in surface roughness due to PAG or PAG-photoproduct segregation and the resultant nonlinear change in nanoscale dissolution rates. The temperature dependence of the PAG segregation suggests that increased mobility of the PAG that occurs may be due to a lowering of the film T-g during the deprotection process. (C) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Intel Corp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fedynyshyn, TH (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM Fedynyshyn@ll.mit.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 AR 043010 DI 10.1117/1.2408410 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 133FE UT WOS:000243997600009 ER PT J AU James, CD Okandan, M Mani, SS Galambos, PC Shul, R AF James, Conrad D. Okandan, Murat Mani, Seethambal S. Galambos, Paul C. Shul, Randy TI Monolithic surface micromachined fluidic devices for dielectrophoretic preconcentration and routing of particles SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; SEPARATION; CELLS; MICROFLUIDICS; MANIPULATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP; BIOMEMS; FORCE; ARRAY AB We describe a batch fabrication process for producing encapsulated monolithic microfluidic structures. The process relies on sacrificial layers of silicon oxide to produce surface micromachined fluid channels. Bulk micromachined interconnects provide an interface between the microchannels and meso-scale fluidics. The full integration of the fabrication processing significantly increases device reproducibility and reduces long-term costs. The design and fabrication of dielectrophoresis (DEP) gating structures configured in both batch-flow and continuous-flow modes are detailed. Highly efficient microparticle preconcentration (up to similar to 100 x in 100 s) and valving (97% particle routing efficiency) are demonstrated using ac DEP and an accompanying phase separation. The low aspect-ratio fluid channels with integrated microelectrodes are well suited for mu m and sub-mu m particle manipulation with electric fields. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP James, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdjame@sanida.gov; mokanda@sandia.gov; ssmani@sandia.gov; pcgalam@sandia.gov; rjshul@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/16/10/001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 107KI UT WOS:000242169400002 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Narayan, J AF Zhou, H. Narayan, J. TI Self-assembled magnetic nanostructures: Epitaxial Ni nanodots on TiN/Si (001) surface SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; nanostructure; epitaxy; Volmer-Weber growth; nickel; nanomaterials; magnetoelectronics ID GROWTH; CO; TRANSITION; GAAS(001); DOTS AB Systems containing single domain magnetic particles are of great interest in view of their possible applications in ultrahigh-density data storage and magnetoelectronic devices. The focus of this work is plan-view STEM Z-contrast imaging study of the self-assembly growth of magnetic nickel nanostructures by domain matching epitaxy under Volmer-Weber (V-W) mode. The growth was carried out using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique with epitaxial titanium nitride film as the template, which was in turn grown on silicon (001) substrate via domain matching epitaxy. Our results show that the base of nickel islands is rectangular with the two principal edges parallel to two orthogonal < 110 > directions, which is [110] and [(1) over bar 10] for [001] oriented growth. The size distribution of the islands is relatively narrow, comparable to that obtained from self-assembled islands grown under Stranski-Krastanow (S-K) mode. A certain degree of self-organization was also found in the lateral distribution of islands: island chains were observed along the directions close to < 011 >, which are also the edge directions. The interaction between neighboring islands through the island edge-induced strain field is believed to be responsible for the size uniformity and the lateral ordering. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconducting Technol Ctr, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconducting Technol Ctr, Mat Sci Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hzhou@lanl.gov RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s11051-006-9098-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 104HH UT WOS:000241949000005 ER PT J AU Felton, JS Malfatti, MA AF Felton, James S. Malfatti, Michael A. TI What do diet-induced changes in phase I and II enzymes tell us about prevention from exposure to heterocyclic amines? SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on the Use and Misuse of Biomarkers as Indicators of Cancer Risk Reduction Following Dietary Manipulation CY JUL 12-13, 2005 CL Bethesda, MD SP Ctr Food Safety * appl Nutr, FDA, US Dept HHS, NIH, NCI ID UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; POLYMORPHISMS; CARCINOGEN; MEAT C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM felton1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 136 IS 10 BP 2683S EP 2684S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 089OH UT WOS:000240889600042 PM 16988149 ER PT J AU Alessandro, B Antinori, F Belikov, JA Blume, C Dainese, A Foka, P Giubellino, P Hippolyte, B Kuhn, C Martinez, G Monteno, M Morsch, A Nayak, TK Nystrand, J Noriega, ML Paic, G Pluta, J Ramello, L Revol, JP Safarik, K Schukraft, J Schutz, Y Scomparin, E Snellings, R Baillie, OV Vercellin, E Cortese, P Dellacasa, G Ramello, L Sitta, M Ahmad, N Ahmad, S Ahmad, T Bari, W Irfan, M Zafar, M Botje, M Kuijer, PG Snellings, R Belogianni, A Christakoglou, P Ganoti, P Petridis, A Roukoutakis, F Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M Vassiliou, M Bruno, GE Cali, IA Caselle, M De Cataldo, G Di Bari, D Elia, D Fini, RA Ghidini, B Lenti, V Manzari, V Mastroserio, A Minafra, F Nappi, E Navach, F Pastore, C Paticchio, V Perrino, D Posa, F Santoro, R Sgura, I Volpe, G Corsi, F De Venuto, D Fratino, U Marzocca, C Tauro, A Li, X Liu, Z Lu, S Lu, Z Meng, Q Sa, B Yuan, J Zhou, J Zhou, S Alme, J Bablok, S Klovning, A Nystrand, J Pommereesche, B Richter, M Rohrich, D Ullaland, K Yang, H Helstrup, H Hetland, KF Kileng, B Roed, K Choudhury, RK Dash, S Mahapatra, DP Mishra, D Phatak, SC Sahoo, R Daniel, L Evans, D Jones, GT Jovanovic, P Jusko, A Kinson, JB Platt, R Lietava, R Takaki, JDT Baillie, OV Alici, A Antinori, S Antoniolo, P Arcelli, S Bari, G Basile, M Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Falchieri, D Gabrielli, A Gandolfi, E Hatzifotiadou, D Laurenti, G Luvisetto, MI Nania, R Noferini, F Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Sciolo, G Vacca, GP Valenti, G Venturi, G Williams, MCS Zampolli, C Zichichi, A Cerny, V Janik, R Lucan, L Pikna, M Pisut, J Pisutova, N Sitar, B Strmen, P Szarka, I Zagiba, M Aiftimieri, C Catanescu, V Legrand, CI Petrovici, M Pop, A Schiaua, C Simion, V Barnafoldi, G Boldizsar, L Denes, E Fodor, Z Futo, E Kiss, T Levai, P Palla, G Zimanyi, J Atanassov, I Basciu, S Cicalo, C De Falco, A Floris, M Masoni, A Mura, D Puddu, G Serci, S Siddi, S Usai, G Badala, A Barbera, R Lo Re, G Palmeri, A Pappalardo, GS Pulvirenti, A Riggi, F Anelli, G Augustin, I Augustinus, A Baechler, J Belikov, JA Betev, L Boccardi, A Brun, R Burns, M Buncic, P Campagnolo, R Campbell, M Carena, F Carena, W Carminati, F Chapeland, S Cheshkov, C Chochula, P Christiansen, P Colla, A Belbute, BFC Davenport, M de Groot, J Di Mauro, A Divia, R Engster, C Evrard, S Fabjan, CW Feng, L Flierl, D Formenti, F Fuchs, U Lopez, AG Gheata, A Gheata, M Gonzalez-Gutierrez, C Grosso, R Gruwe, M Gustafsson, HA Hoedelmoser, H Hristov, P Ivanov, M Jirden, L Jorgensen, C Junique, A Kapusta, S Kickinger, W Klempt, W Kluge, A Leistam, L Lo, JP Noriega, ML Lourenco, C Makhylyueve, I Marin, JC Martinengo, P Meunier-Picard, D Meoni, M Morel, M Morsch, A Mota, B Muller, H Musa, L Nayak, TK Nilsson, P Nouais, D Osmic, F Perini, D Pestotnik, R Peters, A Morais, VP Popescu, S Rademakers, F Revol, JP Riedler, P Riegler, W Safarik, K Schossmaier, K Schukraft, J 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CA ALICE Collaboration TI ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; AU-AU COLLISIONS AB ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently involves more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both the nuclear and high-energy physics sectors, from over 90 institutions in about 30 countries. The ALICE detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities above those anticipated for Pb-Pb collisions (dN(ch)/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and pA), which primarily provide reference data for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. In addition, the pp data will allow for a number of genuine pp physics studies. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2004. The experiment is currently under construction and will be ready for data taking with both proton and heavy-ion beams at the start-up of the LHC. Since the comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was last published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector, as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) provides an updated and comprehensive summary of the performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, as appropriate. The PPR is divided into two volumes. Volume I, published in 2004 (CERN/LHCC 2003-049, ALICE Collaboration 2004 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 1517-1763), contains in four chapters a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, the experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo event generators. The present volume, Volume II, contains the majority of the information relevant to the physics performance in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Following an introductory overview, Chapter 5 describes the combined detector performance and the event reconstruction procedures, based on detailed simulations of the individual subsystems. Chapter 6 describes the analysis and physics reach for a representative sample of physics observables, from global event characteristics to hard processes. C1 Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10123 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10123 Turin, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35100 Padua, Italy. CERN, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. CNRS, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Univ Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France. CNRS, SUBATECH, Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, F-44035 Nantes, France. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 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EM scapparone@bo.infin.it RI Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; Golubeva, Marina/C-6154-2014; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013; Beitlerova, Alena/H-3349-2014; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cinausero, Marco/K-2752-2014; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Tadel, Matevz/H-3204-2016; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Guarnaccia, Claudio/N-3000-2013; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Martynov, Yevgen/L-3009-2015; Idzik, Marek/A-2487-2017; DI BARTOLOMEO, Antonio/A-5899-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Guida, MIchele/J-4714-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; Gabrielli, Alessandro/H-4931-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Rafelski, Johann/E-4678-2013; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; OI Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Guarnaccia, Claudio/0000-0002-4014-0679; Martynov, Yevgen/0000-0003-0753-2205; DI BARTOLOMEO, Antonio/0000-0002-3629-726X; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Guida, MIchele/0000-0002-1108-5391; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Gabrielli, Alessandro/0000-0001-5346-7841; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Marzocca, Cristoforo/0000-0002-2804-2275; Ding, Heng-Tong/0000-0003-0590-081X; Protsenko, Maksym/0000-0001-9313-1701; FRATINO, Umberto/0000-0001-8251-5478; Vacca, Gian Paolo/0000-0001-5219-4044; Masera, Massimo/0000-0003-1880-5467; DE VENUTO, Daniela/0000-0003-4563-7614; Vilela-Mendes, Rui/0000-0002-4920-9214; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748 NR 1133 TC 259 Z9 262 U1 6 U2 106 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1295 EP 2040 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/32/10/001 PG 746 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 098JX UT WOS:000241517900002 ER PT J AU Veklerov, E AF Veklerov, Eugene TI Application of probabilistic imaging techniques to real-time systems SO JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Veklerov, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eveklerov@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-8200 J9 J REAL-TIME IMAGE PR JI J. Real-Time Image Process. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s11554-006-0007-8 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V20CP UT WOS:000208118400008 ER PT J AU Alava, MJ Nukala, PKVV Zapperi, S AF Alava, Mikko J. Nukala, Phani K. V. V. Zapperi, Stefano TI Morphology of two-dimensional fracture surfaces SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE dynamical processes; fracture; fracture; heterogeneous materials ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FUSE NETWORKS; CRACKS; ROUGHNESS; INTERFACES; MODELS; PAPER; MEDIA; WOOD AB We consider the morphology of two-dimensional cracks observed in experimental results obtained from paper samples and compare these results with the numerical simulations of the random fuse model (RFM). We demonstrate that the data obey multiscaling at small scales but cross over to self-affine scaling at larger scales. Next, we show that the roughness exponent of the random fuse model is recovered by a simpler model that produces a connected crack, while a directed crack yields a different result, close to a random walk. We discuss the multiscaling behaviour of all these models. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, HUT-02105 Helsinki, Finland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR, INFM, SMC,Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Alava, MJ (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, HUT-02105 Helsinki, Finland. EM mja@fyslab.hut.fi; nukalapk@ornl.gov; stefano.zapperi@roma1.infn.it RI Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013; Zapperi, Stefano/C-9473-2009 OI Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079; Zapperi, Stefano/0000-0001-5692-5465 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD OCT PY 2006 AR L10002 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/10/L10002 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 109WD UT WOS:000242339400002 ER PT J AU So, JH Swift, GW Backhaus, S AF So, J. H. Swift, G. W. Backhaus, S. TI An internal streaming instability in regenerators SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATORS; THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINE; POWER AB Various oscillating-wave thermodynamic devices, including orifice and feedback pulse tube refrigerators, thermoacoustic-Stirling hybrid engines, cascaded thermoacoustic engines, and traditional Stirling engines and refrigerators, utilize regenerators to amplify acoustic power (engines) or to pump heat acoustically up a temperature gradient (refrigerators). As such a regenerator is scaled to higher power or operated at lower temperatures, the thermal and hydrodynamic communication transverse to the acoustic axis decreases, allowing for the possibility of an internal acoustic streaming instability with regions of counterflowing streaming that carry significant heat leak down the temperature gradient. The instability is driven by the nonlinear flow resistance of the regenerator, which results in different hydrodynamic flow resistances encountered by the oscillating flow and the streaming flow. The instability is inhibited by several other mechanisms, including acoustically transported enthalpy flux and axial and transverse thermal conduction in the regenerator solid matrix. A calculation of the stability limit caused by these effects reveals that engines are immune to a streaming instability while, under some conditions, refrigerators can exhibit an instability. The calculation is compared to experimental data obtained with a specially built orifice pulse tube refrigerator whose regenerator contains many thermocouples to detect a departure from transverse temperature uniformity. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP So, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM backhaus@lanl.gov RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012; OI Backhaus, Scott/0000-0002-0344-6791 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 120 IS 4 BP 1898 EP 1909 DI 10.1121/1.2259776 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 094SD UT WOS:000241258400018 ER PT J AU Dougherty, M Dymond, RL Grizzard, TJ Godrej, AN Zipper, CE Randolph, J Anderson-Cook, CM AF Dougherty, Mark Dymond, Randel L. Grizzard, Thomas J., Jr. Godrej, Adil N. Zipper, Carl E. Randolph, John Anderson-Cook, Christine M. TI Empirical modeling of hydrologic and NPS pollutant flux in an urbanizing basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; sediment; nutrients; urbanization; impervious surface; land use/land cover ID WATER-QUALITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; NUTRIENTS; STREAMS; FLOW AB Long term effects of precipitation and land use/land cover on basin outflow and nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant flux are presented for up to 24 years for a rapidly developing headwater basin and three adjacent headwater basins on the urban fringe of Washington, D.C. Regression models are developed to describe the annual and seasonal responses of basin outflow and NPS pollutant flux to precipitation, mean impervious surface (IS), and land use. To quantify annual change in mean IS, a variable called delta IS is created as a temporal indicator of urban soil disturbance. Hydrologic models indicate that total annual surface outflow is significantly associated with precipitation and mean IS (r(2) = 0.65). Seasonal hydrologic models reveal that basin outflow is positively associated with IS during the summer and fall growing season (June to November). NPS pollutant flux models indicate that total and storm total suspended solids (TSS) flux are significantly associated with precipitation and urban soil disturbance in all seasons. Annual NPS total nitrogen flux is significantly associated with both urban and agricultural-soil disturbance (r2 = 0.51). Seasonal models of phosphorus flux indicate a significant association of total phosphorus flux with urban soil disturbance during the growing season. Total soluble phosphorus (TSP) flux is significantly associated with IS (r(2) = 0.34) and urban and agricultural soil disturbance (r(2) = 0.58). In urbanizing Cub Run basin, annual TSP concentrations are significantly associated with IS and cultivated agriculture (r(2) = 0.51). C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Virginia Tech, Ctr Geospatial Informat Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Virginia Tech, Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dougherty, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, 206 Tom E Corley Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM doughmp@auburn.edu RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1419 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb05309.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 103TJ UT WOS:000241909300019 ER PT J AU You, HJ Chung, KS Meyer, FW AF You, Hyun Jong Chung, Kyu Sun Meyer, Fred Wolfgang TI Measurement of the plasma potential in the edge plasma of the ORNL CAPRICE ECR ion source SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ECR; ECR ion source; plasma potential; carbon contamination; gas mixing; probe diagnostics ID ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ELECTRON; INSTRUMENT AB Measurements of the plasma potential by using a Langmuir probe (LP) and an emissive probe (EP) were compared. In the ORNL CAPRICE electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, we show that, for normal ECR ion source operating conditions, the large population of hot electrons may cause the emissive floating point method to fail and may cause the values deduced using the LP method to be uncertain by more than 30%. Having in this manner determined the magnitude of the possible uncertainties of the deduced potentials, we studied the chamber surface condition effect and the gas mixing effect by comparing in-situ probe measurements with measurements of the extracted ion beam charge state distribution (CSD). The plasma potential values are found to be extremely sensitive to the surface condition of the source chamber walls; a contaminated surface gave plasma potential values that were larger by 10 V. Also, the plasma potential was found to be significantly decreased during gas mixing; the corresponding increase in ion confinement time may be the dominant mechanism responsible for the gas mixing effect. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP You, HJ (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM hjyou@hanyang.ac.kr NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1470 EP 1476 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095EC UT WOS:000241290000025 ER PT J AU Dienes, JK Zuo, QH Kershner, JD AF Dienes, J. K. Zuo, Q. H. Kershner, J. D. TI Impact initiation of explosives and propellants via statistical crack mechanics (vol 54, pg 1237, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zuo, QH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zuo@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2235 EP 2240 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.06.002 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 085YO UT WOS:000240640500010 ER PT J AU Hatsushika, H Tsutsui, J Fiorino, M Onogi, K AF Hatsushika, Hiroaki Tsutsui, Junichi Fiorino, Michael Onogi, Kazutoshi TI Impact of wind profile retrievals on the analysis of tropical cyclones in the JRA-25 reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SNOW COVER; HURRICANE; FORECAST; INITIALIZATION; RAINFALL; MODEL AB A new long-term reanalysis project, JRA-25, has set as one of its main goals the realistic representation of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the reanalysis. To supplement in situ observations near TCs, wind profile data (TCR data) are retrieved based on best track information and assimilated. This paper addresses the benefits of using TCR data for the analysis of TCs. TC representation in the JRA-25 reanalysis is compared with other reanalysis data, and an experimental reanalysis (Control) without TCR data. The general result is that JRA-25 successfully represents the location and intensity of each TC. Among TC basins in the Northern Hemisphere, the TC representation in the JRA-25 data in the eastern North Pacific, and in the tropical Atlantic, where upper observations are sparse, is superior compared to other datasets that did not assimilate TCR data. In the western North Pacific, especially around Japan and the East China Sea, TCR data give little improvement in TC representation, since conventional upper observations are dense there and upstream of the active TC regions. TC detection rates in the Northern basins and over the entire globe, are computed using an objective procedure from the reanalysis datasets. The rate in JRA-25 is the highest in all basins among the datasets, and consistent through the period. The high qualified TC representation in intensity and location has a positive effect on a flow field, and hydrologic cycle around TCs. Case studies of TC track forecasts for a recurving TC, in which reanalysis data are used as initial conditions, suggest the JRA-25 data are more realistic than the Control. For these reasons, TCR data is effective in representing TCs and surrounding atmospheric conditions in JRA-25. C1 Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hatsushika, H (reprint author), Toyama Prefectural Environm Sci Res Ctr, Nakataikouyama 17-1, Toyama 9390363, Japan. EM hiroaki.hatsushika@eco.pref.toyama.jp RI Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; Onogi, Kazutoshi/P-2044-2015 OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157; NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 84 IS 5 BP 891 EP 905 DI 10.2151/jmsj.84.891 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 116ZD UT WOS:000242841400005 ER PT J AU McGrane, SD Scharff, RJ Barber, J AF McGrane, S. D. Scharff, R. J. Barber, J. TI Two-dimensional phase resolution of frequency-resolved optical gating across the midinfrared SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT 2D-IR SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; 2D IR SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-BOND; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; ECHO SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PHOTON-ECHO AB Spectrally and temporally heterodyned four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in silver thiogallate are reported over a wavelength range of 3-10 mu m. We (1) expose the usefulness of the strong nonresonant FWM in optimizing an apparatus for heterodyned 2D infrared experiments and (2) use heterodyning to measure the 2D phase of a frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) signal. We report the phase of the 2D FROG signal, as opposed to the 1D phase of the excitation pulses routinely determined from conventional FROG analysis. The 2D FROG phase complements the 2D FROG magnitude in providing intuitive visual analysis of the spectral and temporal phases of femtosecond pulses. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrane, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcgrane@lanl.gov OI Mcgrane, Shawn/0000-0002-2978-3980; Scharff, Robert/0000-0002-1708-8964 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2217 EP 2222 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.002217 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134JG UT WOS:000244078700029 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ Shingledecker, JP Pint, BA Evans, ND Yamamoto, Y More, K Lara-Curzio, E AF Maziasz, Philip J. Shingledecker, John P. Pint, Bruce A. Evans, Neal D. Yamamoto, Yukinori More, Karren Lara-Curzio, Edgar TI Overview of creep strength and oxidation of heat-resistant alloy sheets and foils for compact heat exchangers SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been involved in research and development related to improved performance of recuperators for industrial gas turbines since about 1996, and in improving recuperators for advanced microturbines since 2000. Recuperators are compact, high efficiency heat-exchangers that improve the efficiency of smaller gas turbines and microturbines. Recuperators were traditionally made from 347 stainless steel and operated below or close to 650 degrees C, but today are being designed for reliable operation above 700 degrees C. The Department of Energy (DOE)sponsored programs at ORNL have helped defined the failure mechanisms in stainless steel foils, including creep due to fine grain size, accelerated oxidation due to moisture in the hot exhaust gas, and loss of ductility due to aging. ORNL has also been involved in selecting and characterizing commercial heat-resistant stainless alloys, like HR120 or the new AL20-25+Nb, that should offer dramatically improved recuperator capability and performance at a reasonable cost. This paper summarizes research on sheets and foils of such alloys over the last few years, and suggests the next likely stages for manufacturing recuperators with upgraded performance for the next generation of larger 200-250 kW advanced microturbines. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maziaszpj@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1115/1.2187525 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 095ZG UT WOS:000241346200024 ER PT J AU Cox, S Posner, SF McPheeters, M Jamieson, DJ Kourtis, AP Meikle, S AF Cox, Shanna Posner, Samuel F. McPheeters, Melissa Jamieson, Denise J. Kourtis, Athena P. Meikle, Susan TI Influenza and pregnant women: Hospitalization burden, United States, 1998-2002 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Women in later stages of pregnancy are at increased risk for serious influenza-related morbidity; thus, universal influenza vaccination of pregnant women is recommended. However, vaccine uptake in the United States has been suboptimal. We previously described the burden of severe influenza-related morbidity during pregnancy in the United States by examining hospitalizations of pregnant women with respiratory illness during influenza season. Nondelivery hospitalizations with respiratory illness had significantly longer lengths of stay than those without respiratory illness. Hospitalization characteristics associated with greater likelihood of respiratory illness were the presence of a high-risk condition for which influenza vaccination is recommended, Medicaid/Medicare as primary expected payer, and hospitalization in a rural area. These findings may be explained by these women being at higher risk of influenza-related morbidity or reflect disparities in receipt of influenza immunization. Universal vaccination of pregnant women to decrease influenza-related morbidity should be encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM shps5@cdc.gov RI Cox, Shanna/F-4806-2011; OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 891 EP 893 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.891 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 104VX UT WOS:000241989800001 PM 17087611 ER PT J AU Mair, DA Geiger, E Pisano, AP Frechet, JMJ Svec, F AF Mair, Dieudonne A. Geiger, Emil Pisano, Albert P. Frechet, Jean M. J. Svec, Frantisek TI Injection molded microfluidic chips featuring integrated interconnects SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NICKEL SULFAMATE BATH; BUILT-IN VALVES; INTERNAL-STRESS; THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MICROCHANNEL SYSTEMS; DEVICES; FABRICATION AB An injection molding process for the fabrication of disposable plastic microfluidic chips with a cycle time of 2 min has been designed, developed, and implemented. Of the sixteen commercially available grades of cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) that were screened for autofluorescence and transparency to ultraviolet (UV) light, Topas 8007 x 10 was identified as the most suitable for production. A robust solid metal mold insert defining the microfluidic channels was rapidly microfabricated using a process that significantly reduces the time required for electroplating. No wear of the insert was observed even after over 1000 cycles. The chips were bonded by thermal fusion using different bonding conditions. Each condition was tested and its suitability evaluated by burst pressure measurements. The COC microfluidic chips feature novel, integrated, reversible, standardized, ready-to-use interconnects that enable operation at pressures up to 15.6 MPa, the highest value reported to date. The suitability of these UV transparent, high pressure-resistant, disposable devices was demonstrated by in situ preparation of a high surface area porous polymer monolith within the channels. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Geiger, Emil/G-5341-2015; OI Geiger, Emil/0000-0001-5828-805X; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 78 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PD OCT PY 2006 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1346 EP 1354 DI 10.1039/b605911b PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101HF UT WOS:000241731200019 PM 17102848 ER PT J AU Lau, BW Yan, A Weissman, BS Kulaots, I Yang, NYC Kane, A Hurt, R AF Lau, B. W. Yan, A. Weissman, B. S. Kulaots, I. Yang, N. Y. C. Kane, A. Hurt, R. TI Biocompatible, hydrophilic, supramolecular carbon nanoparticles for cell delivery SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brown Univ, Pawtucket, RI USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER JI Lung Cancer PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 SU 1 MA 229 BP S55 EP S56 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(07)70305-7 PG 2 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 103PY UT WOS:000241900400229 ER PT J AU Liao, TW Hua, GG Qu, J Blau, PJ AF Liao, T. Warren Hua, Guogang Qu, J. Blau, P. J. TI Grinding wheel condition monitoring with hidden Markov model-based clustering methods SO MACHINING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grinding wheel; condition monitoring; hidden Markov model; sequence data; clustering algorithm; dissimilarity measure ID TOOL-WEAR; CERAMIC MATERIALS; DIAMOND WHEELS; SYSTEM; RECOGNITION; MECHANISMS; OPERATIONS; SEQUENCES; SURFACE; SENSOR AB Hidden Markov model (HMM) is well known for sequence modeling and has been used for condition monitoring. However, HMM-based clustering methods are developed only recently. This article proposes a HMM-based clustering method for monitoring the condition of grinding wheel used in grinding operations. The proposed method first extract features from signals based on discrete wavelet decomposition using a moving window approach. It then generates a distance (dissimilarity) matrix using HMM. Based on this distance matrix several hierarchical and partitioning-based clustering algorithms are applied to obtain clustering results. The proposed methodology was tested with feature sequences extracted from acoustic emission signals. The results show that clustering accuracy is dependent upon cutting condition. Higher material removal rate seems to produce more discriminatory signals/features than lower material removal rate. The effect of window size, wavelet decomposition level, wavelet basis, clustering algorithm, and data normalization were also studied. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Liao, TW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ieliao@lsu.edu RI Liao, Thunshun/B-2724-2009; OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-0344 J9 MACH SCI TECHNOL JI Mach. Sci. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 511 EP 538 DI 10.1080/10910340600996175 PG 28 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 109ZG UT WOS:000242347500007 ER PT J AU Orozco-Borbon, MV Rico-Mora, R Weisberg, SB Noble, RT Dorsey, JH Leecaster, MK McGee, CD AF Orozco-Borbon, Ma. Victoria Rico-Mora, Roxana Weisberg, Stephen B. Noble, Rachel T. Dorsey, John H. Leecaster, Molly K. McGee, Charles D. TI Bacteriological water quality along the Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico shoreline SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE fecal coliform; enterococci; water quality; indicator bacteria; shoreline; Tijuana-Ensenada ID GASTROENTERITIS; ENTEROCOCCUS; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA AB This survey was part of a Binational Program (Mexico-United States) in microbiological water quality, with a goal to assess the shoreline bacteriological water quality from Tijuana to Ensenada, Mexico. Samples were collected at 29 sites (19 beaches and 10 outfalls), from the United States border to Punta Banda, Baja California, during summer (1998) and winter (1999). Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and enterococci were used as bacterial indicators. Standard methods were used for total and fecal coliforms, while the Enterolert quick method (IDEXX) was used for the enterococci. Compared with outfalls, the beaches exceeded water quality standards by a small percent, 25.3% in summer and 17% in winter. For outfalls, the percentage of shoreline that exceeded bacterial indicator thresholds had a minor value in summer (32.7%) than in winter (50%). Sites near wastewater discharges had the lowest quality and did not meet the microbiological water quality criteria for recreational use. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. RP Orozco-Borbon, MV (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Km 103 Carraterra Tijuana, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM mvorozco@uabc.mx RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.02.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 097PZ UT WOS:000241461700017 PM 16678215 ER PT J AU Pauzauskie, PJ Yang, P AF Pauzauskie, Peter J. Yang, Peidong TI Nanowire photonics SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; CONTROLLED GROWTH; GAN NANOWIRES; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; LASER; SILICON; INTEGRATION; PARTICLES AB The development of integrated electronic circuitry ranks among the most disruptive and transformative technologies of the 20th century. Even though integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern life, both fundamental and technical constraints will eventually test the limits of Moore's law. Nanowire photonic circuitry constructed from myriad one-dimensional building blocks offers numerous opportunities for the development of next-generation optical information processors and spectroscopy. However, several challenges remain before the potential of nanowire building blocks is fully realized. We cover recent advances in nanowire synthesis, characterization, lasing, integration, and the eventual application to relevant technical and scientific questions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pauzauskie, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkely.edu RI Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014 NR 77 TC 322 Z9 327 U1 21 U2 188 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71652-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 113TQ UT WOS:000242620800019 ER PT J AU Stroud, PD Sydoriak, SJ Riese, JM Smith, JP Mniszewski, SM Romero, PR AF Stroud, Phillip D. Sydoriak, Stephen J. Riese, Jane M. Smith, James P. Mniszewski, Susan M. Romero, Phillip R. TI Semi-empirical power-law scaling of new infection rate to model epidemic dynamics with inhomogeneous mixing SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE epidemic model; epidemic dynamics; power law; homogeneous mixing ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; SMALLPOX ATTACK; VACCINATION; INFLUENZA; OUTBREAKS AB The expected number of new infections per day per infectious person during an epidemic has been found to exhibit power-law scaling with respect to the susceptible fraction of the population. This is in contrast to the linear scaling assumed in traditional epidemiologic modeling. Based on simulated epidemic dynamics in synthetic populations representing Los Angeles, Chicago, and Portland, we find city-dependent scaling exponents in the range of 1.7-2.06. This scaling arises from variations in the strength, duration, and number of contacts per person. Implementation of power-law scaling of the new infection rate is quite simple for SIR, SEIR, and histogram-based epidemic models. Treatment of the effects of the social contact structure through this power-law formulation leads to significantly lower predictions of final epidemic size than the traditional linear formulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stroud, PD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F-607, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Stroud@LANL.gov OI Mniszewski, Susan/0000-0002-0077-0537 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 EI 1879-3134 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 203 IS 2 BP 301 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2006.01.007 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 102SV UT WOS:000241834500007 PM 16540129 ER PT J AU Ye, JC Lee, Z Ahn, B He, JH Nutt, SR Schoenung, JM AF Ye, Jichun Lee, Zonghoon Ahn, Byungmin He, Jianhong Nutt, Steve R. Schoenung, Julie M. TI Cryomilling for the fabrication of a particulate B4C reinforced Al nanocomposite: Part II. Mechanisms for microstructural evolution SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINUM; DEFORMATION; POWDERS; ATTRITION; PARTICLES; COMPOSITE; ALLOY AB Cryomilling was successfully employed to fabricate particulate B4C-reinforced Al matrix nanocomposite powders. In order to investigate the microstructural evolution during cryomilling, composite powders were milled for different times. These powders were collected from the milling chamber and the microstructures were characterized to reveal the formation mechanism for this nanocomposite. The microstructural evolution, including the morphology and size of the milled composite powders, the size and distribution of the B4C, and the dimension of the Al grains, is discussed on the basis of the experimental results. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmschoenung@ucdavis.edu RI Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010; Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011 OI Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398; Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37A IS 10 BP 3111 EP 3117 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-0191-y PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 091BJ UT WOS:000241000400020 ER PT J AU Wrobel, K Schultz, P Crawford, D AF Wrobel, Kelly Schultz, Peter Crawford, David TI An atmospheric blast/thermal model for the formation of high-latitude pedestal craters SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Role of Volatiles and Atmospheres on Martian Impact Craters CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL Johns Hopkins Univ Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD HO Johns Hopkins Univ Appl Phys Lab ID EJECTA EMPLACEMENT; NEAR-SURFACE; OBLIQUE IMPACTS; WIND EROSION; MARS; ICE; DEPOSITS; VENUS; WATER; DUST AB Although tenuous, the atmosphere of Mars affects the evolution of impact-generated vapor. Early-time vapor from a vertical impact expands symmetrically, directly transferring a small percentage of the initial kinetic energy of impact to the atmosphere. This energy, in turn, induces a hemispherical shock wave that propagates outward as an intense airblast (due to high-speed expansion of vapor) followed by a thermal pulse of extreme atmospheric temperatures (from thermal energy of expansion). This study models the atmospheric response to such early-time energy coupling using the CTH hydrocode written at Sandia National Laboratories. Results show that the surface surrounding a 10 km diameter crater (6 km "apparent" diameter) on Mars will be subjected to intense winds (similar to 200 m/s) and extreme atmospheric temperatures. These elevated temperatures are sufficient to melt subsurface volatiles at a depth of several centimeters for an ice-rich substrate. Ensuing surface signatures extend to distal locations (similar to 4 apparent crater diameters for a case of 0.1% energy coupling) and include striations, thermally armored surfaces, and/or ejecta pedestals-all of which are exhibited surrounding the freshest high-latitude craters on Mars. The combined effects of the atmospheric blast and thermal pulse, resulting in the generation of a crater-centered erosion-resistant armored surface, thus provide a new, very plausible formation model for high-latitude Martian pedestal craters. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wrobel, K (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM kelly_wrobel@brown.edu NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1539 EP 1550 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 098NV UT WOS:000241530500009 ER PT J AU Sapra, R Gaucher, SP Lachmann, JS Buffleben, GM Chirica, GS Comer, JE Peterson, JW Chopra, AK Singh, AK AF Sapra, R. Gaucher, S. P. Lachmann, J. S. Buffleben, G. M. Chirica, G. S. Comer, J. E. Peterson, J. W. Chopra, A. K. Singh, A. K. TI Proteomic analyses of murine macrophages treated with Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; lethal toxin; macrophage cell lines; difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE); reactive oxygen species (ROS) ID PROTEIN-DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; CELL LINES; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; EUKARYOTIC CELLS; COMPLEX-I; APOPTOSIS; DEATH; IDENTIFICATION; DEHYDROGENASE; THIOREDOXIN AB Bacillus anthracis is the etiological agent of anthrax and the bacterium produces a tripartite anthrax toxin composed of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). PA represents the binding domain of the toxin and acts in concert with either LF, a metalloprotease, or EF, an adenylate cyclase, to form lethal toxin (LeTx) or edema toxin (EdTx), respectively. We analyzed the proteomics response of two murine macrophage cell lines (J774.1A and RAW264.7) following B. anthracis LeTx treatment to detect unique host proteins involved in anthrax infection using difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) followed by nanoLC-MS for identification of the proteins. The comparative proteomics approach identified a set of proteins in each cell line that was consistently upregulated when the two macrophage cell lines were treated with LeTx. The upregulated proteins include those involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton structure and stress response. A subset of five proteins (ATP synthase beta subunit, beta-actin, Hsp70, vimentin, and Hsp60 homolog) was identified that were commonly upregulated in both cell lines. The proteomic data suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell lysis as seen by the upregulation of proteins that lead to the production of ROS in both the cell lines used in our study. However, proteins that afford protection against ROS may play an important role in the survival of the macrophage to LeTx infection as shown by the differences in proteomic responses of the two cell lines to the action of LeTx. These identified proteins may have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccione Dev, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aksingh@sandia.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI5385802, 1T32 AI060549, 2T32 AI8007526, N01 AI30065, R43 AI052901-01A1, R43 AI058458-01, R43 AI058458-02] NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.07.002 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 095BF UT WOS:000241282500005 PM 16950595 ER PT J AU Tang, MJ Cai, W Xu, GS Bulatov, VV AF Tang, Meijie Cai, Wei Xu, Guanshui Bulatov, Vasily V. TI A hybrid method for computing forces on curved dislocations intersecting free surfaces in three-dimensional dislocation dynamics SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FINITE-ELEMENT; SIMULATIONS; MOBILITY; STRESS AB Dislocations intersecting free surfaces present a challenge for numerical implementation of traction-free boundary conditions in dislocation dynamics simulations. The difficulty arises when singular analytic expressions of dislocation stress fields need to be used in combination with numerical methods to calculate image stress fields due to the free surfaces. A new hybrid method is developed here in which the singular and non-singular parts of the image stress are dealt with separately. The analytic solution for a semi-infinite straight dislocation intersecting the surface of elastic half-space is used to account for the singular part of the image stress, while the remaining non-singular part is treated using the standard finite element method. The numerical advantages of this decomposition are demonstrated with examples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Tang, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tang7@llnl.gov OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1139 EP 1151 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/14/7/003 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 110MT UT WOS:000242383700003 ER PT J AU Tapasa, K Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN AF Tapasa, K. Bacon, D. J. Osetsky, Yu N. TI Computer simulation of dislocation-solute interaction in dilute Fe-Cu alloys SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-IRON; COPPER PRECIPITATION; AL/MG ALLOYS; MATRIX; DYNAMICS AB The effects of the substitutional element copper in solution in alpha-iron on glide of a 1/2 [111]{110} edge dislocation are investigated by atomic-scale computer simulation. Under static conditions (temperature T = 0 K), single copper atoms and nearest-neighbour pairs in the first atomic plane below the dislocation slip plane provide the strongest barrier to slip, in partial agreement with continuum theory. This contrasts with recent simulation results for the Ni-Al fcc alloy (Rodary et al 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 054111), where Al atoms displaced into nearest-neighbour coordination across the slip plane form the strongest obstacles. The dynamics of dislocation glide in Fe-Cu solid solution at T > 0 K are determined as a function of solute concentration. Parameters such as velocity, critical stress and drag coefficient are analysed. Again, there are differences from the Ni-Al system. The results are discussed in terms of the static strength of solute configurations and the different crystal structure of iron and nickel. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tapasa, K (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM djbacon@liv.ac.uk OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1153 EP 1166 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/14/7/004 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 110MT UT WOS:000242383700004 ER PT J AU Qian, WJ Jacobs, JM Liu, T Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Qian, Wei-Jun Jacobs, Jon M. Liu, Tao Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. TI Advances and challenges in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling for clinical applications SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; TIME TAG APPROACH; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; HIGH-ABUNDANCE PROTEINS; HUMAN SERUM PROTEOME; LINEAR ION-TRAP; ACCURATE MASS; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; MULTIDIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB Recent advances in proteomics technologies provide tremendous opportunities for biomarker-related clinical applications; however, the distinctive characteristics of human biofluids such as the high dynamic range in protein abundances and extreme complexity of the proteomes present tremendous challenges. In this review we summarize recent advances in LC-MS-based proteomics profiling and its applications in clinical proteomics as well as discuss the major challenges associated with implementing these technologies for more effective candidate biomarker discovery. Developments in immunoaffinity depletion and various fractionation approaches in combination with substantial improvements in LC-MS platforms have enabled the plasma proteome to be profiled with considerably greater dynamic range of coverage, allowing many proteins at low ng/ml levels to be confidently identified. Despite these significant advances and efforts, major challenges associated with the dynamic range of measurements and extent of proteome coverage, confidence of peptide/protein identifications, quantitation accuracy, analysis throughput, and the robustness of present instrumentation must be addressed before a proteomics profiling platform suitable for efficient clinical applications can be routinely implemented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30DA01562501]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK070146]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM-62119-02, U54 GM062119] NR 117 TC 232 Z9 238 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1727 EP 1744 DI 10.1074/mcp.M600162-MCP200 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098KL UT WOS:000241519300003 PM 16887931 ER PT J AU Liu, T Qian, WJ Gritsenko, MA Xiao, WZ Moldawer, LL Kaushal, A Monroe, ME Varnum, SM Moore, RJ Purvine, SO Maier, RV Davis, RW Tompkins, RG Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Liu, Tao Qian, Wei-Jun Gritsenko, Marina A. Xiao, Wenzhong Moldawer, Lyle L. Kaushal, Amit Monroe, Matthew E. Varnum, Susan M. Moore, Ronald J. Purvine, Samuel O. Maier, Ronald V. Davis, Ronald W. Tompkins, Ronald G. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. CA Inflammation Host Response Injury TI High dynamic range characterization of the trauma patient plasma proteome SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM PROTEOME; MASS-SPECTROMETRY IDENTIFICATION; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVERSED-PHASE; IN-VIVO; IMMUNOAFFINITY SUBTRACTION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HYDRAZIDE CHEMISTRY AB Although human plasma represents an attractive sample for disease biomarker discovery, the extreme complexity and large dynamic range in protein concentrations present significant challenges for characterization, candidate biomarker discovery, and validation. Herein we describe a strategy that combines immunoaffinity subtraction and subsequent chemical fractionation based on cysteinyl peptide and N-glycopeptide captures with two-dimensional LC-MS/MS to increase the dynamic range of analysis for plasma. Application of this "divide-and-conquer" strategy to trauma patient plasma significantly improved the overall dynamic range of detection and resulted in confident identification of 22,267 unique peptides from four different peptide populations (cysteinyl peptides, non-cysteinyl peptides, N-glycopeptides, and non-glycopeptides) that covered 3654 different proteins with 1494 proteins identified by multiple peptides. Numerous low abundance proteins were identified, exemplified by 78 "classic" cytokines and cytokine receptors and by 136 human cell differentiation molecules. Additionally a total of 2910 different N-glycopeptides that correspond to 662 N-glycoproteins and 1553 N-glycosylation sites were identified. A panel of the proteins identified in this study is known to be involved in inflammation and immune responses. This study established an extensive reference protein database for trauma patients that provides a foundation for future high throughput quantitative plasma proteomic studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie systemic inflammatory responses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Surg, Sch Med, Shriners Burn Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Box 999,MSIN K9-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550; xiao, wenzhong/0000-0003-4944-6380; Baker, Henry/0000-0002-8273-5320 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR18522]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM-62119-02, U54 GM062119] NR 61 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1899 EP 1913 DI 10.1074/mcp.M600068/MCP200 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098KL UT WOS:000241519300017 PM 16684767 ER PT J AU Babnigg, G Giometti, CS AF Babnigg, G. Giometti, C. S. TI A service oriented architecture for mass spectrometry data analysis SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 933 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401135 ER PT J AU Bordner, AJ Gorin, AA AF Bordner, A. J. Gorin, A. A. TI Modeling human and human-viral protein complex structures through homology SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 476 BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506400261 ER PT J AU Chromy, BA Corzett, TH McOueen, P Montgomery, J McCutchen-Maloney, SL AF Chromy, B. A. Corzett, T. H. McOueen, P. Montgomery, J. McCutchen-Maloney, S. L. TI Human ex vivo whole blood infection model for assessing proteomic host response to pathogens SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 1078 BP S294 EP S294 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401252 ER PT J AU Ding, SJ Wang, Y Wang, W Jon, JM Qian, W Camp, D Ron, MJ Smith, RD Richard, KR AF Ding, S. -J. Wang, Y. Wang, W. Jon, J. M. Qian, W. Camp, D. Ron, M. J. Smith, R. D. Richard, K. R. TI Spational proteome profiling of signaling polarity in chemotatic cells SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 1329 BP S350 EP S350 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401386 ER PT J AU Narasimhan, C Hettich, R Uberbacher, E AF Narasimhan, C. Hettich, R. Uberbacher, E. TI Incorporating theoretical peptide fragmentation intensity patterns into MASPIC increases spectral identification at high confidence SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, ORNL, Genome Sci Tech, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 1001 BP S265 EP S265 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401188 ER PT J AU Pizarro, A Jones, A Spellman, P Miller, M Whetzel, P AF Pizarro, A. Jones, A. Spellman, P. Miller, M. Whetzel, P. TI FUGE, a solid foundation for functional genomics standards SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Rosetta Inpharmat LLC, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 1024 BP S274 EP S274 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401210 ER PT J AU Stapels, M Gopalan, B While, A Simon, R Zhou, A AF Stapels, M. Gopalan, B. While, A. Simon, R. Zhou, A. TI Characterization of the proteome of ischemic brains; Quantitative analyses and bioinformatics SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Waters Corp, Milford, MA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 SU S MA 771 BP S201 EP S201 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 098FM UT WOS:000241506401039 ER PT J AU Endres, PJ MacRenaris, KW Vogt, S Allen, MJ Meade, TJ AF Endres, Paul J. MacRenaris, Keith W. Vogt, Stefan Allen, Matthew J. Meade, Thomas J. TI Quantitative imaging of cell-permeable magnetic resonance contrast agents using x-ray fluorescence SO MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Article ID ARGININE-RICH PEPTIDES; CANINE KIDNEY CELLS; IN-VIVO; AMYLOID PLAQUES; TAT PEPTIDE; ZONE PLATES; MRI; DELIVERY; VISUALIZATION; LINES AB The inability to transduce cellular membranes is a limitation of current magnetic resonance imaging probes used in biologic and clinical settings. This constraint confines contrast agents to extracellular and vascular regions of the body, drastically reducing their viability for investigating processes and cycles in developmental biology. Conversely, a contrast agent with the ability to permeate cell membranes could be used in visualizing cell patterning, cell fate mapping, gene therapy, and, eventually, noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Therefore, we describe the synthesis and quantitative imaging of four contrast agents with the capability to cross cell membranes in sufficient quantity for detection. Each agent is based on the conjugation of a Gd(Ill) chelator with a cellular transduction moiety. Specifically, we coupled Gd(iii)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid DTPA and Gd(iii)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid with an 8-amino acid polyarginine oligomer and an amphipathic stilbene molecule, 4-amino-4'-(NNdimethylamino)stilbene. The imaging modality that provided the best sensitivity and spatial resolution for direct detection of the contrast agents is synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF). Unlike optical microscopy, SR-XRF provides two-dimensional images with resolution 10(3) better than Gd-153 gamma counting, without altering the agent by organic fluorophore conjugation. The transduction efficiency of the intracellular agents was evaluated by T, analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine the efficacy of each chelate-transporter combination. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Radiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Meade, TJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tmeade@northwestern.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Allen, Matthew/0000-0002-6868-8759 FU NCI NIH HHS [5U54 CA90810]; NIBIB NIH HHS [1R01 EB005866-01] NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1535-3508 J9 MOL IMAGING JI Mol. Imaging PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 485 EP 497 DI 10.2310/7290.2006.00026 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 125WU UT WOS:000243475000003 PM 17150161 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C AF Devanathan, R. Corrales, L. R. Weber, W. J. Chartier, A. Meis, C. TI Molecular dynamics simulation of energetic uranium recoil damage in zircon SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; amorphisation; nuclear waste form; uranium recoil ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; DEFECT PRODUCTION; AMORPHIZATION AB Defect production and amorphisation due to energetic uranium recoils in zircon (ZrSiO4), which is a promising ceramic nuclear waste form, is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a partial charge model. An algorithm that distinguishes between undamaged crystal, crystalline defects and amorphous regions is used to develop a fundamental understanding of the primary damage state. The amorphous cascade core is separated from the surrounding crystal by a defect-rich region. Small, chemically inhomogeneous amorphous clusters are also produced around the core. The amorphous regions consist of under-coordinated Zr and polymerised Si leading to amorphisation and phase separation on a nanometer scale into Zr- and Si-rich regions. This separation could play an important role in the experimentally observed formation of nanoscale ZrO2 in ZrSiO4 irradiated at elevated temperatures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Mailstope K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 32 IS 12-13 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1080/08927020600959929 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 117CJ UT WOS:000242850000014 ER PT J AU Bankiewicz, KS Forsayeth, J Eberling, JL Sanchez-Pernaute, R Pivirotto, P Bringas, J Herscovitch, P Carson, RE Eckelman, W Reutter, B Cunningham, J AF Bankiewicz, Krystof S. Forsayeth, John Eberling, Jamie L. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rosario Pivirotto, Philip Bringas, John Herscovitch, Peter Carson, Richard E. Eckelman, William Reutter, Bryan Cunningham, Janet TI Long-term clinical improvement in MPTP-lesioned primates after gene therapy with AAV-hAADC SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson, primate; clinical; L-dopa; AADC; PET imaging; FMT ID CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; MONKEYS; DOPAMINE; STRIATUM; VECTOR; EXPRESSION; INFUSION; NEURONS AB Dopamine, the major neurotransmitter depleted in Parkinson disease, can be synthesized and regulated in vivo with a combination of intrastriatal AAV-hAADC gene therapy and administration of the dopamine precursor L-Dopa. When tested in MPTP-lesioned monkeys, this approach resulted in long-term improvement in clinical rating scores, significantly lowered L-Dopa requirements, and a reduction in L-Dopa-induced side effects. Positron emission tomography with [F-18]FMT confirmed persistent AADC activity, demonstrating for the first time that infusion of AAV vector into primate brain results in at least 6 years of transgene expression. AAV-hAADC restores the ability of the striatum to convert L-Dopa into dopamine efficiently. Introduction of this therapy into the clinic holds promise for Parkinson patients experiencing the motor complications that result from escalating L-Dopa requirements against a background of disease progression. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bankiewicz, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, Room MCB 226,1855 Folsom St, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM kbank@itsa.ucsf.edu RI Carson, Richard/H-3250-2011 OI Carson, Richard/0000-0002-9338-7966 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 33 TC 160 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 564 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 087KF UT WOS:000240740600015 PM 16829205 ER PT J AU Forsayeth, JR Eberling, JL Sanftner, LM Zhen, Z Pivirotto, P Bringas, J Cunningham, J Bankiewicz, KS AF Forsayeth, John R. Eberling, Jamie L. Sanftner, Laura M. Zhen, Zhu Pivirotto, Philip Bringas, John Cunningham, Janet Bankiewicz, Krystof S. TI A dose-ranging study of AAV-hAADC therapy in parkinsonian monkeys SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Parkinson disease; convection-enhanced delivery; adeno-associated virus; aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; AAV-hAADC; FMT-PET ID CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY; ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS; DISEASE; METABOLISM; VECTOR AB The main medication for idiopathic Parkinson disease is L-Dopa. Drug efficacy declines steadily in part because the converting enzyme, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is lost concomitant with substantia nigra atrophy. Over the past decade, we have developed a gene therapy approach in which AADC activity is restored to the brain by infusion into the striatum of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying human AADC cDNA. We report here the results of an investigation of the relationship between vector dose and a series of efficacy markers, such as PET, L-Dopa response, and AADC enzymatic activity. At low doses of vector, no effect of vector was seen on PET or behavioral response. At higher doses, a sharp improvement in both parameters was observed, resulting in an approximate 50% improvement in L-Dopa responsiveness. The relationship between vector dose and AADC enzymatic activity in tissue extracts was linear. We conclude that little behavioral improvement can be seen until AADC activity reaches a level that is no longer rate limiting for conversion of clinical doses of L-Dopa into dopamine or for trapping of the PET tracer FMT. These findings have implications for the design and interpretation of clinical studies of AAV-hAADC gene therapy. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Avigen Inc, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. RP Bankiewicz, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, Room MCB 226,1855 Folsom St, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM kbank@itsa.ucsf.edu FU Intramural NIH HHS; NINDS NIH HHS [U54 NS045309, U54 NS045309-010001] NR 21 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.04.008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 087KF UT WOS:000240740600016 PM 16781894 ER PT J AU Wareing, CJ Zijlstra, AA Speck, AK O'Brien, TJ Ueta, T Elitzur, M Gehrz, RD Herwig, F Izumiura, H Matsuura, M Meixner, M Stencel, RE Szczerba, R AF Wareing, C. J. Zijlstra, Albert A. Speck, Angela K. O'Brien, T. J. Ueta, Toshiya Elitzur, M. Gehrz, R. D. Herwig, F. Izumiura, H. Matsuura, M. Meixner, M. Stencel, R. E. Szczerba, R. TI Detached shells as tracers of asymptotic giant branch-interstellar medium bow shocks SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: individual: R Hya; stars: mass-loss; ISM: structure AB New Spitzer imaging observations have revealed the structure around the Mira variable star R Hya to be a one-sided parabolic arc 100 arcsec to the west, stretching from north to south. We successfully model R Hya and its surroundings in terms of an interaction of the stellar wind from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star with the interstellar medium (ISM) the star moves through. Our three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation reproduces the structure as a bow shock into the oncoming ISM. We propose this as another explanation of detached shells around such stars, which should be considered alongside current theories of internal origin. The simulation predicts the existence of a tail of ram-pressure-stripped AGB material stretching downstream. Indications for such a tail behind R Hya are seen in IRAS maps. C1 [Wareing, C. J.; Zijlstra, Albert A.; O'Brien, T. J.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Speck, Angela K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ueta, Toshiya] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USRA SOFIA Off, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Elitzur, M.] Univ Kentucky, Phys & Astron Dept, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Gehrz, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Herwig, F.] LANL, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Izumiura, H.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Okayama Astrophys Observ, Okayama 7190232, Japan. [Matsuura, M.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Div Opt & IR Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Meixner, M.] STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stencel, R. E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Szczerba, R.] Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Wareing, CJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM cwareing@jb.man.ac.uk OI Wareing, Christopher/0000-0001-9641-0861 FU NASA [NAG5-12675, 1215746, 1275979, 20060357ER, 2.P03D.017.25]; NSF [AST-0507421]; JSPS, Matsuura [17540221] FX The numerical computations in this work were carried out using the COBRA supercomputer at Jodrell Bank Observatory. The Spitzer Space Telescope is operated by the JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA. We acknowledge additional support for the following individuals: Speck-NASA ADP grant (NAG5-12675), Ueta-NPP Research Fellowship Award, Elitzur - NSF Grant: AST-0507421, Gehrz-in part by NASA (Contract 1215746) issued by JPL/Caltech to Gehrz to the University of Minnesota, Herwig - LDRD program (20060357ER) at LANL, Izumiura - Grant-in-Aid (C) from JSPS (No. 17540221), Matsuura - JSPS, Stencel - in part by NASA (Contract 1275979) issued by JPL/Caltech to the University of Denver, Szczerba - grant 2.P03D.017.25, Wareing - PPARC. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 372 IS 1 BP L63 EP L67 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00227.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V12PM UT WOS:000207611100014 ER PT J AU Samoilov, MS Arkin, AP AF Samoilov, Michael S. Arkin, Adam P. TI Deviant effects in molecular reaction pathways SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EUKARYOTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; MASTER EQUATION; SYSTEMS; NOISE; OSCILLATIONS; ACTIVATION; FLUCTUATIONS; MODULE AB In biological networks, any manifestations of behaviors substantially 'deviant' from the predictions of continuous-deterministic classical chemical kinetics (CCK) are typically ascribed to systems with complex dynamics and/or a small number of molecules. Here we show that in certain cases such restrictions are not obligatory for CCK to be largely incorrect. By systematically identifying properties that may cause significant divergences between CCK and the more accurate discrete-stochastic chemical master equation (CME) system descriptions, we comprehensively characterize potential CCK failure patterns in biological settings, including consequences of the assertion that CCK is closer to the 'mode' rather than the 'average' of stochastic reaction dynamics, as generally perceived. We demonstrate that mechanisms underlying such nonclassical effects can be very simple, are common in cellular networks and result in often unintuitive system behaviors. This highlights the importance of deviant effects in biotechnologically or biomedically relevant applications, and suggests some approaches to diagnosing them in situ. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn,Ctr Synthet Biol,Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Samoilov, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn,Ctr Synthet Biol,Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-257, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mssamoilov@lbl.gov; aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Samoilov, Michael/0000-0003-3559-5326 NR 50 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1038/nbt1253 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 093TG UT WOS:000241191700025 PM 17033664 ER PT J AU Martin, HG Ivanova, N Kunin, V Warnecke, F Barry, KW McHardy, AC Yeates, C He, SM Salamov, AA Szeto, E Dalin, E Putnam, NH Shapiro, HJ Pangilinan, JL Rigoutsos, I Kyrpides, NC Blackall, LL McMahon, KD Hugenholtz, P AF Martin, Hector Garcia Ivanova, Natalia Kunin, Victor Warnecke, Falk Barry, Kerrie W. McHardy, Alice C. Yeates, Christine He, Shaomei Salamov, Asaf A. Szeto, Ernest Dalin, Eileen Putnam, Nik H. Shapiro, Harris J. Pangilinan, Jasmyn L. Rigoutsos, Isidore Kyrpides, Nikos C. Blackall, Linda Louise McMahon, Katherine D. Hugenholtz, Philip TI Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludge communities SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ACCUMULATING ORGANISMS; PHOSPHATE REMOVAL; WASTE-WATER; METABOLISM; SYSTEMS; MICROBIOLOGY; BACTERIA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is one of the best-studied microbially mediated industrial processes because of its ecological and economic relevance. Despite this, it is not well understood at the metabolic level. Here we present a metagenomic analysis of two lab-scale EBPR sludges dominated by the uncultured bacterium, "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis.'' The analysis sheds light on several controversies in EBPR metabolic models and provides hypotheses explaining the dominance of A. phosphatis in this habitat, its lifestyle outside EBPR and probable cultivation requirements. Comparison of the same species from different EBPR sludges highlights recent evolutionary dynamics in the A. phosphatis genome that could be linked to mechanisms for environmental adaptation. In spite of an apparent lack of phylogenetic overlap in the flanking communities of the two sludges studied, common functional themes were found, at least one of them complementary to the inferred metabolism of the dominant organism. The present study provides a much needed blueprint for a systems-level understanding of EBPR and illustrates that metagenomics enables detailed, often novel, insights into even well-studied biological systems. C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Queensland, Adv Wastewater Management Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009; Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; McMahon, Katherine/I-3651-2012; Blackall, Linda/H-1947-2013; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685; McMahon, Katherine D./0000-0002-7038-026X; Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Blackall, Linda/0000-0002-8848-7698; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 36 TC 298 Z9 328 U1 25 U2 162 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1263 EP 1269 DI 10.1038/nbt1247 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 093TG UT WOS:000241191700030 ER PT J AU Janssens, H Hou, SL Jaeger, J Kim, AR Myasnikova, E Sharp, D Reinitz, J AF Janssens, Hilde Hou, Shuling Jaeger, Johannes Kim, Ah-Ram Myasnikova, Ekaterina Sharp, David Reinitz, John TI Quantitative and predictive model of transcriptional control of the Drosophila melanogaster even skipped gene SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTATION GENES; EXPRESSION; EMBRYO; DNA; STRIPE; ENHANCERS; PATTERNS; PROMOTER; PROTEIN; REQUIREMENT AB Here we present a quantitative and predictive model of the transcriptional readout of the proximal 1.7 kb of the control region of the Drosophila melanogaster gene even skipped ( eve). The model is based on the positions and sequence of individual binding sites on the DNA and quantitative, time-resolved expression data at cellular resolution. These data demonstrated new expression features, first reported here. The model correctly predicts the expression patterns of mutations in trans, as well as point mutations, insertions and deletions in cis. It also shows that the nonclassical expression of stripe 7 driven by this fragment is activated by the protein Caudal (Cad), and repressed by the proteins Tailless (TII) and Giant (Gt). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Dev Genet, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, Ctr Adv Studies, Dept Computat Biol, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chief Sci Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinitz, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM reinitz@odd.bio.sunysb.edu OI Kim, Ah-Ram/0000-0002-7860-9137; Jaeger, Johannes/0000-0002-2568-2103 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 R01 RR07801] NR 38 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1159 EP 1165 DI 10.1038/ng1886 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 094PJ UT WOS:000241251100015 PM 16980977 ER PT J AU Becker, K Lupton, JM Muller, J Rogach, AL Talapin, DV Weller, H Feldmann, J AF Becker, Klaus Lupton, John M. Mueller, Josef Rogach, Andrey L. Talapin, Dmitri V. Weller, Horst Feldmann, Jochen TI Electrical control of Forster energy transfer SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; MOLECULES; FRET; SWITCH; FIELD; DYES AB Bringing together compounds of intrinsically different functionality, such as inorganic nanostructures and organic molecules, constitutes a particularly powerful route to creating novel functional devices with synergetic properties found in neither of the constituents. We introduce nanophotonic functional elements combining two classes of materials, semiconductor nanocrystals(1) and dyes, whose physical nature arises as a superposition of the properties of the individual components. The strongly absorbing rod-like nanocrystals(2) focus the incident radiation by photopumping the weakly absorbing dye via energy transfer. The CdSe/CdS nanorods exhibit a large quantum-confined Stark effect(3) on the single-particle level, which enables direct control of the spectral resonance between donor and acceptor required for nanoscopic Forster-type energy transfer in single nanorod-dye couples. With this far-field manipulation of a near-field phenomenon, the emission from single dye molecules can be controlled electrically. We propose that this effect could lead to the design of single-molecule optoelectronic switches providing building blocks for more complex nanophotonic circuitry. C1 Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Photon & Optoelect Grp, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, CeNS, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lupton, JM (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Photon & Optoelect Grp, D-80799 Munich, Germany. EM lupton@physics.utah.edu RI Weller, Horst/B-5715-2014 NR 26 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 6 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1038/nmat1738 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HM UT WOS:000241731900017 PM 16998470 ER PT J AU Bringa, M Rosolankova, K Rudd, RE Remington, BA Wark, JS Duchaineau, M Kalantar, H Hawreliak, J Belak, J AF Bringa, M. Rosolankova, K. Rudd, R. E. Remington, B. A. Wark, J. S. Duchaineau, M. Kalantar, H. Hawreliak, J. Belak, J. TI Shock deformation of face-centred-cubic metals on subnanosecond timescales SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; TRANSITION; PLASTICITY; CRYSTALS; STRENGTH; IMPACT; TARGET; NIF AB Despite its fundamental importance for a broad range of applications, little is understood about the behaviour of metals during the initial phase of shock compression. Here, we present molecular dynamics ( MD) simulations of shock-wave propagation through a metal allowing a detailed analysis of the dynamics of high strain-rate plasticity. Previous MD simulations have not seen the evolution of the strain from one-to three-dimensional compression that is observed in diffraction experiments. Our large-scale MD simulations of up to 352 million atoms resolve this important discrepancy through a detailed understanding of dislocation. flow at high strain rates. The stress relaxes to an approximately hydrostatic state and the dislocation velocity drops to nearly zero. The dislocation velocity drop leads to a steady state with no further relaxation of the lattice, as revealed by simulated X-ray diffraction. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Bringa, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ebringa@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 32 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1038/nmat1735 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HM UT WOS:000241731900023 PM 16980954 ER PT J AU Zhao, T Scholl, A Zavaliche, F Lee, K Barry, M Doran, A Cruz, MP Chu, YH Ederer, C Spaldin, NA Das, RR Kim, DM Baek, SH Eom, CB Ramesh, R AF Zhao, T. Scholl, A. Zavaliche, F. Lee, K. Barry, M. Doran, A. Cruz, M. P. Chu, Y. H. Ederer, C. Spaldin, N. A. Das, R. R. Kim, D. M. Baek, S. H. Eom, C. B. Ramesh, R. TI Electrical control of antiferromagnetic domains in multiferroic BiFeO3 films at room temperature SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ENHANCED POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; DICHROISM; CRYSTAL AB Multiferroic materials, which offer the possibility of manipulating the magnetic state by an electric field or vice versa, are of great current interest. In this work, we demonstrate the first observation of electrical control of antiferromagnetic domain structure in a single-phase multiferroic material at room temperature. High-resolution images of both antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain structures of ( 001)- oriented multiferroic BiFeO3. films revealed a clear domain correlation, indicating a strong coupling between the two types of order. The ferroelectric structure was measured using piezo force microscopy, whereas X-ray photoemission electron microscopy as well as its temperature dependence was used to detect the antiferromagnetic configuration. Antiferromagnetic domain switching induced by ferroelectric polarization switching was observed, in agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CCMC, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, T (reprint author), Seagate Res, 1251 Waterfront Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. EM tong.zhao@seagate.com; rramesh@berkeley.edu RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Ederer, Claude/F-5420-2010; Spaldin, Nicola/A-1017-2010; Baek, Seung-Hyub/B-9189-2013; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Spaldin, Nicola/0000-0003-0709-9499; Holcomb, Mikel/0000-0003-2111-3410 NR 34 TC 692 Z9 702 U1 55 U2 448 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 5 IS 10 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1038/nmat1731 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 101HM UT WOS:000241731900026 PM 16951676 ER PT J AU Cabantous, S Waldo, GS AF Cabantous, Stephanie Waldo, Geoffrey S. TI In vivo and in vitro protein solubility assays using split GFP SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; COMPLEMENTATION; EXPRESSION AB The rapid assessment of protein solubility is essential for evaluating expressed proteins and protein variants for use as reagents for downstream studies. Solubility screens based on antibody blots are complex and have limited screening capacity(1-3). Protein solubility screens using split beta-galactosidase in vivo(4) and in vitro(5) can perturb protein folding. Split GFP used for monitoring protein interactions folds poorly(6), and to overcome this limitation, we recently developed a protein-tagging system based on self-complementing split GFP(7) derived from an exceptionally well folded variant of GFP termed 'superfolder GFP'(8). Here we present the step-by-step procedure of the solubility assay using split GFP. A 15-amino-acid GFP fragment, GFP 11, is fused to a test protein. The GFP 1-10 detector fragment is expressed separately. These fragments associate spontaneously to form fluorescent GFP. The fragments are soluble, and the GFP 11 tag has minimal effect on protein solubility and folding(7). We describe high-throughput protein solubility screens amenable both for in vivo and in vitro formats. The split-GFP system is composed of two vectors used in the same strain: pTET GFP 11 and pET GFP 1-10 (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Note online). The gene encoding the protein of interest is cloned into the pTET GFP 11 vector (resulting in an N-terminal fusion) and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells containing the pET GFP 1-10 plasmid. We also describe how this system can be used for selecting soluble proteins from a library of variants (Box 1). The large screening power of the in vivo assay combined with the high accuracy of the in vitro assay point to the efficiency of this two-step split-GFP tool for identifying soluble clones suitable for purification and downstream applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waldo, GS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS-M888,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM waldo@lanl.gov RI Cabantous, Stephanie/M-3282-2014 OI Cabantous, Stephanie/0000-0002-8406-9421 NR 9 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 8 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD OCT PY 2006 VL 3 IS 10 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.1038/nmeth932 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 090HU UT WOS:000240942600020 PM 16990817 ER PT J AU Scherer, NF AF Scherer, Norbert F. TI Imaging - Pointillist microscopy SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; AXIAL RESOLUTION C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Scherer, NF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM nfschere@uchicago.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 19 EP 20 DI 10.1038/nnano.2006.79 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 131AA UT WOS:000243838900008 PM 18654134 ER PT J AU He, RR Yang, PD AF He, Rongrui Yang, Peidong TI Giant piezoresistance effect in silicon nanowires SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; SI; FORCE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 393 Z9 401 U1 10 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1038/nnano.2006.53 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 131AA UT WOS:000243838900014 PM 18654140 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Yin, YD Kunchakarra, S Mukherjee, B Gerion, D Jett, SD Bear, DG Gray, JW Alivisatos, AP Lee, LP Chen, FQF AF Liu, Gang L. Yin, Yadong Kunchakarra, Siri Mukherjee, Bipasha Gerion, Daniele Jett, Stephen D. Bear, David G. Gray, Joe W. Alivisatos, A. Paul Lee, Luke P. Chen, Fanqing Frank TI A nanoplasmonic molecular ruler for measuring nuclease activity and DNA footprinting SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE GOLD; REAL-TIME; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; SENSITIVITY; PROBES; ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Interactions between nucleic acids and proteins are essential to genetic information processing. The detection of size changes in nucleic acids is the key to mapping such interactions, and usually requires substrates with fluorescent, electrochemical or radioactive labels(1-3). Recently, methods have been developed to tether DNA to highly water-soluble Au nanoparticles(4-8), and nanoparticle pairs linked by DNA have been used to measure nanoscale distances(9). Here we demonstrate a molecular ruler in which double-stranded DNA is attached to a Au nanoparticle. The change in plasmon resonance wavelength of individual Au - DNA conjugates depends on the length of the DNA and can be measured with subnanometre axial resolution. An average wavelength shift of approximately 1.24 nm is observed per DNA base pair. This system allows for a label-free, quantitative, real-time measurement of nuclease activity and also serves as a new DNA footprinting platform, which can accurately detect and map the specific binding of a protein to DNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Liu, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lplee@berkeley.edu; f_chen@lbl.gov RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50CA89520, R21CA95393] NR 30 TC 216 Z9 219 U1 10 U2 111 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1038/nnano.2006.51 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 131AA UT WOS:000243838900015 PM 18654141 ER PT J AU Leemans, WP Nagler, B Gonsalves, AJ Toth, C Nakamura, K Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Hooker, SM AF Leemans, W. P. Nagler, B. Gonsalves, A. J. Toth, Cs. Nakamura, K. Geddes, C. G. R. Esarey, E. Schroeder, C. B. Hooker, S. M. TI GeV electron beams from a centimetre-scale accelerator SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PULSES; INJECTION; BUNCHES AB Gigaelectron volt (GeV) electron accelerators are essential to synchrotron radiation facilities and free-electron lasers, and as modules for high-energy particle physics. Radiofrequency-based accelerators are limited to relatively low accelerating fields (10- 50 MV m(-1)), requiring tens to hundreds of metres to reach the multi-GeV beam energies needed to drive radiation sources, and many kilometres to generate particle energies of interest to high-energy physics. Laser-wakefield accelerators(1,2) produce electric fields of the order 10 - 100 GV m(-1) enabling compact devices. Previously, the required laser intensity was not maintained over the distance needed to reach GeV energies, and hence acceleration was limited to the 100 MeV scale(3-5). Contrary to predictions that petawatt-class lasers would be needed to reach GeV energies(6,7), here we demonstrate production of a high-quality electron beam with 1 GeV energy by channelling a 40 TW peak-power laser pulse in a 3.3-cm-long gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide(8,9). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Tokyo, Nucl Profess Sch, Naka, Ibaraki 3191188, Japan. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WPLeemans@lbl.gov RI Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015; OI Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 28 TC 1119 Z9 1140 U1 20 U2 123 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 10 BP 696 EP 699 DI 10.1038/nphys418 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 098AU UT WOS:000241493100020 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Park, C Zhang, Z Wang, S AF Fenter, Paul Park, Changyong Zhang, Zhan Wang, Steve TI Observation of subnanometre-high surface topography with X-ray reflection phase-contrast microscopy SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; DISSOLUTION; DIFFRACTION; CLUSTERS AB The direct observation of molecular-scale features has been the exclusive realm of electron and probe microscopies(1-3), whereas X-ray imaging has been limited to the observation of objects greater than 10 nm in size(4-9) associated with the resolution of X-ray optics. Here, we describe a novel approach that extends hard X-ray microscopy to image the distribution of molecular-scale interfacial features directly and non-invasively with full-field imaging. Interfacial phase contrast from elementary defect structures allows direct observation of 0.6-nm-high monomolecular steps at a solid surface. This non-invasive technique opens up new opportunities to study interfacial processes in situ and in real time, particularly those taking place under aggressive chemical conditions, which currently can only be studied by ex situ approaches. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CHM-200,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 10 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1038/nphys419 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 098AU UT WOS:000241493100021 ER PT J AU Schuwirth, BS Day, JM Hau, CW Janssen, GR Dahlberg, AE Cate, JHD Vila-Sanjurjo, A AF Schuwirth, Barbara S. Day, J. Michael Hau, Cathy W. Janssen, Gary R. Dahlberg, Albert E. Cate, Jamie H. Doudna Vila-Sanjurjo, Anton TI Structural analysis of kasugamycin inhibition of translation SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOMES; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; INITIATION COMPLEX; DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CODON AB The prokaryotic ribosome is an important target of antibiotic action. We determined the X-ray structure of the aminoglycoside kasugamycin (Ksg) in complex with the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome at 3.5-angstrom resolution. The structure reveals that the drug binds within the messenger RNA channel of the 30S subunit between the universally conserved G926 and A794 nucleotides in 16S ribosomal RNA, which are sites of Ksg resistance. To our surprise, Ksg resistance mutations do not inhibit binding of the drug to the ribosome. The present structural and biochemical results indicate that inhibition by Ksg and Ksg resistance are closely linked to the structure of the mRNA at the junction of the peptidyl-tRNA and exit-tRNA sites (P and E sites). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcate@lbl.gov; avila@lbl.gov RI vila-sanjurjo, anton/L-1941-2014 OI vila-sanjurjo, anton/0000-0001-7820-1644 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92584, P01 CA092584]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065050, R01 GM019756-36, R01 GM019756, F32 GM019756, R15 GM065120, GM65050, GM19756, GM065120] NR 48 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1038/nsmb1150 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 092MZ UT WOS:000241102500006 PM 16998486 ER PT J AU Dilmanian, FA Zhong, Z Bacarian, T Benveniste, H Kalef-Ezra, J Romanelli, P Wang, RL Yuasa, T Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Testa, M Worth, M Rosen, EM Anschel, DJ AF Dilmanian, F. Avraham Zhong, Zhong Bacarian, Tigran Benveniste, Helene Kalef-Ezra, John Romanelli, Pantaleo Wang, Ruiliang Yuasa, Tetsuya Micca, P. L. Nawrocky, M. M. Testa, Mauro Worth, M. Rosen, Eliot M. Anschel, David J. TI Microbeam radiation therapy in an interlaced geometry: Potential applicability to neuro-oncology and radiosurgery SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Congress of the European-Association-for-Neuro-Oncology (EANO) CY SEP 14-17, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Assoc Neuro Oncol C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. IRCCS NEUROMED Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Pozzilli, Italy. Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Yuasa, Tetsuya/F-5006-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 484 EP 485 PG 2 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 089JS UT WOS:000240877301358 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Ma, YM Fowler, JS Wong, C Jayne, M Telang, F Swanson, JM AF Volkow, Nora D. Wang, Gene-Jack Ma, Yeming Fowler, Joanna S. Wong, Christopher Jayne, Millard Telang, Frank Swanson, James M. TI Effects of expectation on the brain metabolic responses to methylphenidate and to its placebo in non-drug abusing subjects SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE imaging; FDG; dopamine; reinforcement; methylphenidate; placebo; cingulate gyrus; nucleus accumbens ID ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; COCAINE ABUSERS; FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY; DOPAMINE CONCENTRATIONS; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; REWARD ANTICIPATION; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; NEURAL RESPONSES; HUMAN AMYGDALA AB The response to drugs is affected by expectation, which in turn is sensitive to prior drug experiences. Here, we evaluate the effects of expectation on the responses to intravenous methylphenidate (0.5 mg/ kg) in fifteen subjects who had minimal experience with stimulant drugs. We used positron emission tomography to measure brain glucose metabolism, which we used as a marker of brain function and tested them under four randomized conditions (1) expecting placebo and receiving placebo; (2) expecting placebo and receiving methylphenidate; (3) expecting methylphenidate and receiving methylphenidate; (4) expecting methylphenidate, and receiving placebo. We show that methylphenidate-induced decreases in striatum were greater when subjects expected to receive methylphenidate than when they were not expecting it. We also show that the subjects' expectations affected their responses to placebo. That is, when subjects expected to receive methylphenidate but received placebo there were significant increases in ventral cingulate gyros (BA 25) and nucleus accumbens (regions involved with emotional reactivity and reward). The effect was largest in subjects who, because of experimental randomization, had not experienced methylphenidate. Because subjects were told that methylphenidate could be experienced as pleasant, unpleasant or devoid of subjective effects these results suggest the involvement of the ventral cingulate and of the nucleus accumbens in processing expectation for "uncertain drug effects". Thus, the state of expectation needs to be considered as a variable modulating the reinforcing and therapeutic effects of drugs even in subjects who have no prior experience with the drug. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, 6001 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 65 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1782 EP 1792 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.192 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 090RR UT WOS:000240969200023 PM 16757181 ER PT J AU Aine, CJ Woodruff, CC Knoefel, JE Adair, JC Hudson, D Qualls, C Bockholt, J Best, E Kovacevic, S Cobb, W Padilla, D Hart, B Stephen, JM AF Aine, Cheryl J. Woodruff, Chad C. Knoefel, Janice E. Adair, John C. Hudson, David Qualls, Clifford Bockholt, Jeremy Best, Elaine Kovacevic, Sanja Cobb, Wayne Padilla, Denise Hart, Blaine Stephen, Julia M. TI Aging: Compensation or maturation? SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE MEG; working memory; aging; delayed-match-to-sample; brain mapping; gray and white matter volumes; recognition memory; morphometrics ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ADULT LIFE-SPAN; WORKING-MEMORY; WHITE-MATTER; DIFFUSION TENSOR; BRAIN ACTIVITY; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; READING-ABILITY; SIMPLEX-METHOD; OLDER-ADULTS AB Neuroimaging studies of healthy aging often reveal differences in neural activation patterns between young and elderly groups for episodic memory tasks, even though there are no differences in behavioral performance. One explanation typically offered is that the elderly compensate for their memory deficiencies through the recruitment of additional prefrontal regions. The present study of healthy aging compared magnetoencephalographic (MEG) time-courses localized to specific cortical regions in two groups of subjects (20-29 years and >= 65 years) during a visual delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task. MR morphometrics and neuropsychological test results were also examined with the hope of providing insight into the nature of the age-related differences. The behavioral results indicated no differences in performance between young and elderly groups. Although there was a main effect of age on the latency of the initial peak in primary/secondary visual cortex, these longer latencies were not correlated with the performance of elderly on the DMS task. The lateral occipital gyrus (LOG) revealed qualitatively different patterns of activity for the two age groups corroborated by neuropsychological test results. Morphometric results for the young versus elderly groups revealed less white (WM) and gray matter (GM) volumes in the frontal lobes of the elderly. When a group of middle-aged subjects (33-43 years) was included in the morphometric analyses, the middle-aged subjects revealed statistically greater WM volumes in frontal and parietal cortex suggesting immature WM tracts in the young. Perhaps our elderly utilized a different strategy compared to the young due to the different brain maturation levels of these groups. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 MIND Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Gerontol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. BRINM, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aine, CJ (reprint author), MIND Inst, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM aine@unm.edu OI Stephen, Julia/0000-0003-2486-747X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015636, P20 RR15636-03]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG020302, R01 AG020302-02, R01 AG020302-04] NR 69 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1891 EP 1904 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.005 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 090RR UT WOS:000240969200032 PM 16797187 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, Chris L. TI Fallback in stellar collapse SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE supernovae; neutron stars; black holes ID SUPERNOVAE; ACCRETION AB We review the physics behind supernova explosions produced in stellar collapse. Assuming the convective region in the collapse drives the explosion, we can derive a maximum energy to the supernova explosion as a function of time after collapse. For explosions that take more than 0.5 s, the explosion energy is weak. Such explosions will lead to a lot of material falling back onto the compact remnant after the launch of the explosion. We estimate the amount of fallback and speculate about the role this fallback plays in driving further explosions and in r-process production. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM clfreyer@landl.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 492 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.052 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100008 ER PT J AU Frohlich, C Hix, WR Martinez-Pinedo, G Liebendorfer, M Thielemann, FK Bravo, E Langanke, K Zinner, NT AF Froehlich, C. Hix, W. R. Martinez-Pinedo, G. Liebendoerfer, M. Thielemann, F. -K. Bravo, E. Langanke, K. Zinner, N. T. TI Nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven supernovae SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE neutrinos; nuclear reactions; nucleosynthesis; abundances; supernovae; general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; NUCLEAR COMPOSITION; MASSIVE STARS; EXPLOSION; HYDRODYNAMICS; ABUNDANCES; EVOLUTION; ELEMENTS; EJECTA AB Core collapse supernovae are the leading actor in the story of the cosmic origin of the chemical elements. Existing models, which generally assume spherical symmetry and parameterize the explosion, have been able to broadly replicate the observed elemental pattern. However, inclusion of neutrino interactions produces noticeable improvements in the iron peak composition of the ejecta when compared to observations. Neutrino interactions may also provide a supernova source for light p-process nuclei. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Hix, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raph@ornl.gov RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Bravo, Eduardo/B-1790-2008; Frohlich, Carla/C-4841-2012; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Bravo, Eduardo/0000-0003-0894-6450 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.003 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100009 ER PT J AU Barzyk, JG Savina, MR Davis, AM Gallino, R Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Amari, S Clayton, RN AF Barzyk, J. G. Savina, M. R. Davis, A. M. Gallino, R. Pellin, M. J. Lewis, R. S. Amari, S. Clayton, R. N. TI Multi-element isotopic analysis of single presolar SiC grains SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ ID SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; S-PROCESS; MURCHISON METEORITE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MOLYBDENUM; ZIRCONIUM; BARIUM AB Isotopic compositions of up to three elements (Mo, Zr, Ba) were measured on 55 presolar SiC grains from the Murchison meteorite, allowing identification of grains potentially contaminated with solar system material. The range of compositions of uncontaminated grains may constrain the amount of C-13 produced in parent AGB stars to a narrow range around the amount required to explain solar system s-process abundances. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barzyk, JG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jgbarzyk@geosci.uchicago.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.055 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100029 ER PT J AU Wunderer, CB Kippen, RM Bloser, PF Boggs, SE McConnell, ML Harris, M Hoover, A Klimenko, AV Novikova, EI Oberlack, U Sturner, S Tournear, D Weidenspointner, G Zoglauer, A AF Wunderer, Cornelia B. Kippen, R. M. Bloser, P. F. Boggs, S. E. McConnell, M. L. Harris, M. Hoover, A. Klimenko, A. V. Novikova, E. I. Oberlack, U. Sturner, S. Tournear, D. Weidenspointner, G. Zoglauer, A. TI The ACT vision mission study simulation effort SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE telescopes; gamma-rays : observations; instrumentation : simulations AB The Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) has been selected by NASA for a one-year "vision mission" study. The study's main goal is to determine feasible instrument configurations to achieve ACT's sensitivity requirements, and to give recommendations for technology development. Space-based instruments operating in the energy range of nuclear lines are subject to complex backgrounds generated by cosmic rays, earth albedo radiations, trapped particles, and diffuse gamma rays; typically measurements are significantly background-dominated. Therefore accurate, detailed simulations of the background induced in different ACT configurations, and exploration of event selection and reconstruction techniques for reducing these backgrounds, are crucial to determining the capabilities of a given instrument configuration. The ACT simulation team has assembled a complete suite of tools that allows the generation of particle backgrounds for a given orbit, their propagation through any instrument and spacecraft geometry-including delayed photon emission from instrument activation-as well as the selection and reconstruction of Compton events in the given detectors. We describe here the scope of the ACT simulation effort and the suite of tools used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse 4, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wunderer, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wunderer@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Klimenko, Alexei/0000-0003-4255-9374 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.064 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100034 ER PT J AU McConnell, ML Bloser, PF Case, GL Cherry, ML Cravens, J Guzik, TG Hurley, K Kippen, RM Macri, JR Miller, RS Paciesas, W Ryan, JM Schaefer, B Stacy, JG Vestrand, WT Wefel, JP AF McConnell, M. L. Bloser, P. F. Case, G. L. Cherry, M. L. Cravens, J. Guzik, T. G. Hurley, K. Kippen, R. M. Macri, J. R. Miller, R. S. Paciesas, W. Ryan, J. M. Schaefer, B. Stacy, J. G. Vestrand, W. T. Wefel, J. P. TI The CASTER black hole finder probe SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE gamma-ray astronomy; gamma-ray instrumentation; space missions ID SCINTILLATOR AB The primary scientific mission of the Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP), part of the NASA Beyond Einstein program, is to survey the local Universe for black holes over a wide range of mass and accretion rate. One approach to such a survey is a hard X-ray coded-aperture imaging mission operating in the 10-600 keV energy band, a spectral range that is considered to be especially useful in the detection of black hole sources. The development of new inorganic scintillator materials provides improved performance (for example, with regards to energy resolution and timing) that is well suited to the BHFP science requirements. Detection planes formed with these materials coupled with a new generation of readout devices represent a major advancement in the performance capabilities of scintillatorbased gamma cameras. Here, we discuss the Coded Aperture Survey Telescope for Energetic Radiation (CASTER), a concept that represents a BHFP based on the use of the latest scintillator technology. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP McConnell, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mark.mcconnell@unh.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.042 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100039 ER PT J AU Ofan, A Ahmad, I Greene, JP Paul, M Savina, MR AF Ofan, A. Ahmad, I. Greene, J. P. Paul, M. Savina, M. R. TI Development of a detection method for Pu-244 by resonance ionization mass spectrometry SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE Pu-244; supernovae nucleosynthesis; resonance ionization spectroscopy AB The long-lived actinide Pu-244 (t(1/2) = 81 Myr) is expected to be present in the Interstellar Medium from fresh r-process nucleosynthesis or in direct ejecta from supernovae. Deposition onto Earth may result in traces of live Pu-244 in suitable reservoirs. We are developing a method for Pu-244 detection based on resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. Using Gd as a proxy, we determine an overall efficiency of 0.5% in conditions applicable to the detection of Pu, and present preliminary results on Pu detection. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ofan, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM paul@vms.huji.ac.il NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 640 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.066 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100041 ER PT J AU Reifarth, R Agvaanluvsan, U Alpizar-Vicente, A Bredeweg, TA Esch, EI Greife, U Haight, RC Hatarik, R Herwig, F O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Schwantes, JM Ullmann, JL Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM AF Reifarth, R. Agvaanluvsan, U. Alpizar-Vicente, A. Bredeweg, T. A. Esch, E-I. Greife, U. Haight, R. C. Hatarik, R. Herwig, F. O'Donnell, J. M. Rundberg, R. S. Schwantes, J. M. Ullmann, J. L. Vieira, D. J. Wouters, J. M. TI Neutron capture rates on radioactive nuclides - DANCE SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Astronomy with Radioactivities CY SEP, 2005 CL Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC HO Clemson Univ DE keV neutron capture; nucleosynthesis; calorimetric measurement ID S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB The nucleosynthesis of the elements including their stellar sites is one of the most interesting nuclear physics challenges. Information on reaction rates for neutron induced reactions have a direct impact on existing stellar models. Except for the stable isotopes, very few neutron-induced reactions in the energy range of interest have been measured to date. DANCE measurements on stable and unstable isotopes can provide many of the missing key reactions that are needed to understand the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements, which is illustrated at the example of the Sm-151(n,gamma) reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Reifarth, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reifarth@lanl.gov RI Schwantes, Jon/A-7318-2009; OI Esch, Ernst/0000-0002-5179-0415 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 644 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2006.06.051 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 099ZZ UT WOS:000241638100042 ER PT J AU Browne, E AF Browne, E. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=232 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-SPIN STATES; ISOSCALAR GIANT-RESONANCES; NONCONSERVING NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUB-THRESHOLD PHOTOFISSION; MICROSCOPIC MODEL ANALYSES; ISOBARIC ANALOG STATES; E4 TRANSITION MOMENTS; EVEN ACTINIDE NUCLEI; FISSION HALF-LIVES AB The evaluator presents in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all nuclei with mass number A=232. Highlights from this evaluation include the discovery of a new isotope of francium, Fr-232, and the study of its beta(-) decay to levels in Ra-232 (2004Pe17,1990Me13). Also, it includes the first observation of spontaneous fission in Th-232 and U-232, as well as the measurement of their respective partial half-lives of 1.2 (4)x10(21)y (1995Bo18) and 2.6 (5)x10(15)y (2000Bo46) for this type of decay. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Browne, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 291 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD OCT PY 2006 VL 107 IS 10 BP 2579 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.09.001 PG 69 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 096XE UT WOS:000241409300001 ER PT J AU Browne, E Tuli, JK AF Browne, E. Tuli, J. K. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=232 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID FISSION HALF-LIVES; U-236 SHAPE ISOMER; INTERNAL-CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; PHOTOFISSION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DECAY; EVEN URANIUM ISOTOPES; EXOTIC CLUSTER DECAY; HIGH-SPIN STATES; ACTINIDE NUCLEI; ALPHA-DECAY AB The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions for all nuclei with Z=90-98 (Th,Pa,U,Np,Pu,Am,Cm,Bk,Cf) and mass number A=236. This evaluation includes the recent discovery of two Am-236 activities that decay by electron capture with half-lives of 3.6 min and 2.9 min, respectively (2005As01). For Bk-236 and Cf-236 no level information is known. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Browne, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 246 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD OCT PY 2006 VL 107 IS 10 BP 2649 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2006.09.002 PG 64 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 096XE UT WOS:000241409300002 ER PT J AU Lomperski, S Farmer, MT Basu, S AF Lomperski, S. Farmer, M. T. Basu, S. TI Experimental investigation of corium quenching at elevated pressure SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID DRYOUT; BEDS AB This paper describes the results of experiments designed to quantify the cooling rate of corium by an overlying water pool. The experiments are intended to provide fundamental information on the ability of water to ingress into cracks and fissures that form in the debris during quench, thereby augmenting the otherwise conduction-limited heat transfer process. This information is being used to assess the effectiveness of a water pool in thermally stabilizing a molten-core/concrete interaction and cooling of ex-vessel core debris. The experiments involved corium inventories of 75 kg with a melt depth of 15 cm and diameter of 30 cm. The corium was composed of UO2/ZrO2/concrete to simulate mixtures of molten reactor core components and either siliceous or limestone/common sand (LCS) concrete. Initial melt temperatures were of the order of 2100 degrees C. The heat transfer rate from the corium was determined through measurements of the vapor production rate from the water pool. The melt was quenched at atmospheric pressure for the first two tests and at 4 bar for the two subsequent tests. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the overall heat transfer rate exceeded the conduction-limited rate for the three melts containing 8 wt.% concrete, but not for the fourth, which had 23 wt.% concrete. Also, the quench rate of the 8 wt.% concrete melts did not vary appreciably with pressure. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. RP Lomperski, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lomperski@anl.gov; farmer@ani.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 236 IS 19-21 BP 2271 EP 2280 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.03.041 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 078AU UT WOS:000240074100030 ER PT J AU Cho, DH Page, RJ Abdulla, SH Anderson, MH Klockow, HB Corradini, ML AF Cho, Dae H. Page, Richard J. Abdulla, Sherif H. Anderson, Mark H. Klockow, Helge B. Corradini, Michael L. TI Melt quenching and coolability by water injection from below: Co-injection of water and non-condensable gas SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The interaction and mixing of high-temperature melt and water is the important technical issue in the safety assessment of water-cooled reactors to achieve ultimate core coolability. For specific advanced light water reactor (ALWR) designs, deliberate mixing of the core melt and water is being considered as a mitigative measure, to assure ex-vessel core coolability. The goal of our work is to provide the fundamental understanding needed for melt-water interfacial transport phenomena, thus enabling the development of innovative safety technologies for advanced LWRs that will assure ex-vessel core coolability. The work considers the ex-vessel coolability phenomena in two stages. The first stage is the melt quenching process and is being addressed by Argonne National Lab and University of Wisconsin in modified test facilities. Given a quenched melt in the form of solidified debris, the second stage is to characterize the long-term debris cooling process and is being addressed by Korean Maritime University via test and analyses. In this paper, experiments on melt quenching by the injection of water from below are addressed. The test section represented one-dimensional flow-channel simulation of the bottom injection of water into a core melt in the reactor cavity. The melt simulant was molten lead or a lead alloy (Pb-Bi). For the experimental conditions employed (i.e., melt depth and water flow rates), it was found that: (1) the volumetric heat removal rate increased with increasing water mass flow rate and (2) the non-condensable gas mixed with the injected water had no impairing effect on the overall heat removal rate. Implications of these current experimental findings for ALWR ex-vessel coolability are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Nucl Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. GE Global Res, Thermal Syst Lab, Energy & Prop Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Inst Nucl Syst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cho, DH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Nucl Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cho@anl.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 236 IS 19-21 BP 2296 EP 2303 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.03.052 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 078AU UT WOS:000240074100032 ER PT J AU Kaye, SM Bell, MG Bell, RE Fredrickson, ED LeBlanc, BP Lee, KC Lynch, S Sabbagh, SA AF Kaye, S. M. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. Fredrickson, E. D. LeBlanc, B. P. Lee, K. C. Lynch, S. Sabbagh, S. A. TI Energy confinement scaling in the low aspect ratio National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; DIII-D; BETA; PROGRESS; ITER; DATABASE; PLASMAS; MODES; MAST; ELM AB Systematic and statistical studies have been conducted in order to develop an understanding of the parametric dependences of both the global and thermal energy confinement times at low aspect ratio in high power National Spherical Torus Experiment discharges. The global and thermal confinement times of both L- and H-mode discharges can exceed values given by H-mode scalings developed for conventional aspect ratio. Results of systematic scans in the H-mode indicate that the confinement times exhibit a nearly linear dependence on plasma current and a power degradation weaker than that observed at conventional aspect ratio. In addition, the dependence on the toroidal magnetic field is stronger than that seen in conventional aspect ratio tokamaks. This latter trend is also evident in statistical analyses of the available dataset. These statistical studies also indicate a weaker parametric dependence on plasma current than found in the systematic scans, due to correlations among the predictor variables. Regressions based on engineering variables, when transformed to dimensionless physics variables, indicate that the dependence of B tau(E) on beta(t) can range from being negative to null. Regressions based directly on the dimensionless physics variables are inexact because of large correlations among these variables. Scatter in the confinement data, at otherwise fixed operating parameters, is found to be due to variations in ELM activity, low frequency density fluctuations and plasma shaping. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Sociol, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kaye, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM skaye@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP 848 EP 857 DI 10.1088/0029-5515./46/10/002 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100015 ER PT J AU Yan, L Evans, TE Kaye, SM Maingi, R AF Yan, Longwen Evans, T. E. Kaye, S. M. Maingi, R. TI Modelling of stochastic magnetic perturbation by RWMEF coils on NSTX SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS AB A 3-D field line integration code, TRIP3D, has been modified to model stochastic magnetic perturbation produced by a resistive wall mode, error field (RWMEF) coil in the NSTX tokamak with very low aspect ratio. Multiple field lines with a uniform poloidal angle interval on each flux surface are automatically traced for the first time to follow the lines with large elongation plasmas. Each RWMEF coil can be configured to produce perturbation fields with dominant toroidal mode numbers of n = I or 3. In this study, it is found that the strongest stochastic layer is produced by the n = 3 configuration rather than n = I for the same coil current. Two NSTX divertor discharges, a lower single null and a double null have been modelled with different RWMEF-coil currents and toroidal modes. RWMEF currents of 2 kAt are sufficient to produce a strong stochastic field and significantly perturb the plasma boundary due to weak toroidal field in the spherical tokamak. The edge electron thermal diffusivity due to stochastic magnetic field is estimated to be 1 m(2) s(-1) with a 2 kAt current, which is comparable to that in DIII-D with an 8 kAt C-coil current. Currents of this magnitude, when used in the DIII-D I-coil configured for n = 3 perturbations suppress large edge localized modes (ELMs) and thus may have an impact on ELMs in NSTX. The result has been verified by the initial experiments. C1 SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), SW Inst Phys, POB 432, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM lwyan@swip.ac.cn NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP 858 EP 863 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/003 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100016 ER PT J AU Ferron, JR Gohill, P Greenfield, CM Lohr, J Luce, TC Makowski, MA Mazon, D Murakami, M Petty, CC Politzer, PA Wade, MR AF Ferron, J. R. Gohill, P. Greenfield, C. M. Lohr, J. Luce, T. C. Makowski, M. A. Mazon, D. Murakami, M. Petty, C. C. Politzer, P. A. Wade, M. R. TI Feedback control of the safety factor profille evolution during formation of an advanced tokamak discharge SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION; DIII-D; JET; OPERATION; PLASMAS AB Active feedback control for regulation of the safety factor (q) profile at the start of the high stored energy phase of an advanced tokamak discharge has been demonstrated in the DIII-D tokamak. The time evolution of the on-axis or minimum value of q is controlled during and just following the period of ramp-up of the plasma current using electron heating to modify the rate of relaxation of the current profile. In L-mode and H-mode discharges, feedback control of q is effective with the appropriate choice of either off-axis electron cyclotron heating or neutral beam heating as the actuator. The q profile is calculated in real time from a complete equilibrium reconstruction fitted to external magnetic field and flux measurements and internal poloidal field measurements from the motional Stark effect diagnostic. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EURATOM, CEA, CEA Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ferron, JR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ferron@fusion.gat.com NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP L13 EP L17 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/L01 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100013 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, NN Bell, RE Menard, JE Roquemore, AL Kubota, S Crocker, NA Peebles, W AF Fredrickson, E. D. Gorelenkov, N. N. Bell, R. E. Menard, J. E. Roquemore, A. L. Kubota, S. Crocker, N. A. Peebles, W. TI Fast ion loss in a 'sea-of-TAE' SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; PARTICLE-DRIVEN INSTABILITIES; TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; CLUMP PAIR CREATION; FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; FREQUENCY; PLASMAS; SIMULATION AB Super-thermal fast ions provide a source of free energy to excite instabilities, which in turn can enhance the loss of fast ions. It has been proposed that when multiple modes with resonances closely spaced in phase space reach sufficient amplitude so that the fast ion trajectories overlap, very rapid non-linear growth can occur. The modification of the fast ion distribution by this loss may in turn excite additional, otherwise stable, modes, leading to an 'avalanche' effect greatly enhancing the transport of fast ions (Berk H.L., Brelzman B.N., Fitzpatrick J. and Wong H.V.. 1995 Nucl. Fusion 35 1661). It has been proposed that in ITER (ITER Physics Basis Editors et al 1999 Nucl. Fusion 39 2137), the transport of fast ions will be through a similar interaction of many modes. In NSTX (Ono M. et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557) bursts of multiple TAE-like instabilities are correlated with fast ion losses in a manner which qualitatively resembles avalanche behaviour. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S926 EP S932 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/S09 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100009 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Fredrickson, ED Heidbrink, WW Crocker, NA Kubota, S Peebles, WA AF Gorelenkov, N. N. Fredrickson, E. D. Heidbrink, W. W. Crocker, N. A. Kubota, S. Peebles, W. A. TI Discrete compressional Alfven eigenmode spectrum in tokamaks SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID ION-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; FAST MAGNETOACOUSTIC EIGENMODES; AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; ASPECT-RATIO PLASMAS; FUSION TEST REACTOR; MAGNETOSONIC EIGENMODES; CONTAINED MODES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INSTABILITY; EXCITATION AB The spectrum of compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAE) is analysed and shown to be discrete in tokamaks with low aspect ratio, such as the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), as well as in conventional tokamaks, such as DIII-D. The study is focused on recent similarity experiments on NSTX and DIII-D in which sub-cyclotron frequency instabilities of CAEs were observed at similar plasma conditions (W.W. Heidbrink et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 324). The global ideal MHD code NOVA recovers the main properties of these modes predicted by theory and observed in both devices. The discrete spectrum of CAEs is characterized by three quantum mode numbers for each eigenmode, (M, S and n), where M, S and n are poloidal, radial and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The expected mode frequency splitting corresponding to each of these mode numbers seems to be observed in experiments and is consistent with our numerical analysis. The polarization of the observed magnetic field oscillations in NSTX was measured and is also consistent with the numerical analysis, which helps to identify them as CAE activity. CAE mode structure was obtained and shown to be localized in both radial and poloidal directions with typical radial localization toward the plasma edge and poloidal localization at the low field side of the plasma cross section. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92647 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ngorelen@pppl.gov NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S933 EP S941 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/S10 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100010 ER PT J AU Ishikawa, M Takechi, M Shinohara, K Kusama, Y Matsunaga, G Krasilnikov, VA Kashuck, Y Isobe, M Nishitani, T Morioka, A Sasao, M Cheng, CZ Gorelenkov, NN Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R AF Ishikawa, M. Takechi, M. Shinohara, K. Kusama, Y. Matsunaga, G. Krasilnikov, V. A. Kashuck, Yu. Isobe, M. Nishitani, T. Morioka, A. Sasao, M. Cheng, C. Z. Gorelenkov, N. N. Kramer, G. J. Nazikian, R. CA JT-60 Team TI Observation of confinement degradation of energetic ions due to Alfven eigenmodes in JT-60U weak shear plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; NATURAL DIAMOND DETECTOR; DIII-D; DRIVEN; FREQUENCY; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS; MODES; FIELD AB Confinement degradation of energetic ions due to Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) has been investigated with negative ion based neutral beam injection at similar to 370 keV into JT-60U weak shear plasmas. AEs with a rapid frequency sweeping and then saturation as the minimum value of the safety factor decreases have been observed. This frequency behaviour can be explained by the reversed-shear induced AE (RSAE) and the transition from RSAEs to the toroidicity-induced AEs (TAEs). The associated change in the charge exchange neutral particle flux suggests energetic ion transport due to these AEs. The total neutron emission reduction rate in the presence of these AEs is evaluated by calculation using the orbit following Monte-Carlo code taking into account the change in bulk plasmas. The evaluation indicates confinement of energetic ions is degraded due to these AEs. In particular, it is found that the confinement degradation of energetic ions is maximum during the transition from RSAEs to TAEs and the maximum reduction rate (Delta Sn/Sn)(MAX) is estimated to be similar to 45%. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. Troist Inst Innovating & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Natl Space Org, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ishikawa, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. EM ishikawm@fusion.naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015 OI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S898 EP S903 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/S05 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100005 ER PT J AU Isobe, M Toi, K Matsushita, H Goto, K Suzuki, C Nagaoka, K Nakajima, N Yamamoto, S Murakami, S Shimizu, A Yoshimura, Y Akiyama, T Minami, T Nishiura, M Nishimura, S Darrow, DS Spong, DA Shinohara, K Sasao, M Matsuoka, K Okamura, S AF Isobe, M. Toi, K. Matsushita, H. Goto, K. Suzuki, C. Nagaoka, K. Nakajima, N. Yamamoto, S. Murakami, S. Shimizu, A. Yoshimura, Y. Akiyama, T. Minami, T. Nishiura, M. Nishimura, S. Darrow, D. S. Spong, D. A. Shinohara, K. Sasao, M. Matsuoka, K. Okamura, S. CA CHS Team TI Studies of fast-ion transport induced by energetic particle modes using fast-particle diagnostics with high time resolution in CHS SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID COMPACT HELICAL SYSTEM; TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; ANGLE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; DRIVEN MHD INSTABILITIES; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; FUSION PRODUCTS; DEVICE PLASMAS; HELIOTRON/TORSATRON; TFTR; EXCITATION AB The purpose of this work is to reveal the effects of the energetic particle mode (EPM) on fast-ion transport and consequent fast-Ion loss in the compact helical system (CHS). For this purpose, fast particle diagnostics capable of following fast events originating from the EPM (f < 100 kHz) and from the toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode TAE) (f = 100-200 kHz) are employed in CHS. Experiments show that the EPM excited by co-circulating fast ions in an outward-shifted configuration is identified as a mode of m/n = 3/2 and can enhance fast-ion loss when its magnetic fluctuation amplitude exceeds similar to 4 x 10(-5) T at the magnetic probe position. The lost fast-ion probe (LIP) located at the outboard side of the torus indicates that bursting EPMs lead to periodically enhanced losses of co-going fast ions having, smaller pitch angles in addition to losses of marginally co-passing fast ions. Coinciding with EPM bursts, the H alpha light detector viewing the peripheral region at the outboard side also shows large pulsed increases similar to that of the LIP whereas the detector viewing the peripheral region at the inboard side does not. This is also evidence that fast ions are expelled to the outboard side due to the EPM. The charge-exchange neutral particle analyser indicates that only fast ions whose energy is close to the beam injection energy E-b are strongly affected by EPM, suggesting in turn that observed EPMs are excited by fast ions having energy close to E-b. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Toki 5095292, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Isobe, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S918 EP S925 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/S08 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100008 ER PT J AU Pinches, SD Kiptily, VG Sharapov, SE Darrow, DS Eriksson, LG Fahrbach, HU Garcia-Munoz, M Reich, M Strumberger, E Werner, A AF Pinches, S. D. Kiptily, V. G. Sharapov, S. E. Darrow, D. S. Eriksson, L. -G. Fahrbach, H. -U. Garcia-Munoz, M. Reich, M. Strumberger, E. Werner, A. CA ASDEX Upgrade Team JET-EFDA Contributors TI Observation and modelling of fast ion loss in JET and ASDEX Upgrade SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID SAWTOOTH STABILIZATION; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; INSTABILITIES; TOKAMAKS AB The confinement of fast particles is of crucial importance for the success of future burning plasma experiments. On JET, the confinement of ion cyclotron resonant frequency (ICRF) accelerated fast hydrogen ions with energies exceeding 5 MeV has been measured using the characteristic gamma -rays emitted through their inelastic scattering with carbon impurities, C-12(p,p,gamma ) C-12. Recent experiments have shown a significant decrease in this gamma-ray emission (by a factor of 2) during so-called tornado mode activity (core-localized toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) within the q = I surface) in sawtoothing plasmas. This is indicative of a significant loss or extensive re-distribution of these (>5 MeV) particles from the plasma core. In this paper, mechanisms responsible for the radial transport and loss of these fast ions are investigated and identified using the HAGIS code, which describes the interaction of the fast ions and the TAE observed. The calculations show that the overlap of wave-particle resonances in phase-space leads to an enhanced radial transport and loss. On both JET and ASDEX Upgrade, new fast ion loss detectors have been installed to further investigate the loss of such particles. On JET, fast ion loss detectors based around an array of Faraday cups and a scintillator probe have been installed as part of a suite of diagnostic enhancements. On ASDEX Upgrade, a new fast ion loss detector has been mounted on the mid-plane manipulator allowing high resolution measurements in pitch angle, energy and time. This has enabled the direct observation of fast ion losses during various magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena to be studied in detail. Edge localised mode (ELM) induced fast ion losses have been directly observed along with the enhancement of fast ion losses from specific areas of phase-space in the presence of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) and TAEs. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, CEA, CEA DSM DRFC, CEA Cadarache, St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Pinches, SD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM Simon.Pinches@ipp.mp-de RI garcia-munoz, manuel/C-6825-2008 OI garcia-munoz, manuel/0000-0002-3241-502X NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S904 EP S910 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46/10/S06 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100006 ER PT J AU Van Zeeland, MA Austin, ME Carlstrom, TN Deterly, T Finkenthal, DK Holcomb, CT Jayakumar, RJ Kramer, GJ Makowski, MA Mckee, GR Nazikian, R Peebles, WA Rhodes, TL Solomon, WM Strait, EJ AF Van Zeeland, M. A. Austin, M. E. Carlstrom, T. N. Deterly, T. Finkenthal, D. K. Holcomb, C. T. Jayakumar, R. J. Kramer, G. J. Makowski, M. A. Mckee, G. R. Nazikian, R. Peebles, W. A. Rhodes, T. L. Solomon, W. M. Strait, E. J. TI Internal Alfven eigenmode observations on DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinements Systems CY NOV 09-11, 2005 CL Takayama, JAPAN SP IAEA ID D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; DRIVEN; INSTABILITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCHARGES AB Recent upgrades to many of the diagnostic systems on DIII-D (Luxon J.L. 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 614) such as the CO2 interferometer, far-infrared scattering, beam-emission spectroscopy (BES), and quadrature reflectometer have significantly extended their capabilities and made possible the experimental study of Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) through observation of the AE induced density perturbation. Measurements have revealed the presence of several different classes of AEs in DIII-D discharges including the toroidal Alfven eigenmode (TAE), reverse shear AE (RSAE or Alfven cascade) and ellipticity induced Alfven eigenmode. Based on a simple model for the RSAE frequency, a sensitive diagnostic for the evolution of the minimum magnetic safety factor (q(min)) is presented and results are compared with motional Stark effect (MSE) measurements. Strong localization of high toroidal mode number RSAEs to regions near the minimum of the magnetic safety factor is exhibited on the CO2 interferometer and BES measurements. Based on this observation, a method for providing constraints on the radial location of q(min) is demonstrated and a favourable comparison to MSE measurements is made. Detailed measurements of TAEs using a new all-digital large bandwidth two-colour CO2 interferometer system show a strong asymmetry between vertical and radial viewing interferometer chords confirming previously reported results. Additionally, effects related to line-integrated observations are clearly illustrated by comparison to local BES measurements and potential issues related to this are discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Palomar Coll, San Marcus, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM vanzeeland@fusion.gat.com OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 46 IS 10 BP S880 EP S887 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/46110/S03 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 105BK UT WOS:000242004100003 ER PT J AU Van Buren, G Didenko, L Dunlop, J Fisyak, Y Lauret, J Lebedev, A Stringfellow, B Thomas, JH Wieman, H AF Van Buren, G. Didenko, L. Dunlop, J. Fisyak, Y. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Stringfellow, B. Thomas, J. H. Wieman, H. TI Correcting for distortions due to ionization in the STAR TPC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE calibration; space charge; time projection chamber AB Physics goals of the STAR Experiment at RHIC in recent (and future) years drive the need to operate the STAR TPC at ever higher luminosities, leading to increased ionization levels in the TPC gas. The resulting ionic space charge introduces field distortions in the detector which impact tracking performance. Further complications arise from ionic charge leakage into the main TPC volume from the high gain anode region. STAR has implemented corrections for these distortions based on measures of luminosity, which we present here. Additionally, we highlight a novel approach to applying the corrections on an event-by-event basis applicable in conditions of rapidly varying ionization sources. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Van Buren, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gene@bnl.gov OI Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 566 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.131 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 092VQ UT WOS:000241125800006 ER PT J AU Franz, A AF Franz, Achim TI Five years of tracking heavy ion collisions at RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE RHIC; heavy ion; collider; tracking ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PHENIX; DETECTOR; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; UPGRADE AB Five years have passed since the first collisions of An nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on Long Island. With nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of up to root s(NN), = 200 GeV RHIC provides the highest energy heavy ion collisions at any existing collider. To study the dynamics of nuclear matter at extreme temperatures and pressures hundreds of produced particles need to be tracked and identified, which provides a sizable challenge to the four experiments. This article tries to summarize these first years of RHIC operation from the detector point of view and give a glimpse at the future of the accelerator and its experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11733 USA. RP Franz, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bld 510C, Upton, NY 11733 USA. EM achim@bnl.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 566 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.050 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 092VQ UT WOS:000241125800012 ER PT J AU Lipton, R AF Lipton, Ronald TI D0 tracking experience - From the inside looking out SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND ID DETECTOR AB We describe the design, construction, and operation of the DO detector and its upgrades at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lipton, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lipton@final.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 566 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.129 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 092VQ UT WOS:000241125800022 ER PT J AU Weber, M AF Weber, M. TI A new inner layer silicon micro-strip detector for DO SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Tracking in High Multiplicity Environments CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE solid-state detectors; micro-strip tracking detector ID TRACKER AB The DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron is building a new inner layer detector (Layer-0) to be installed inside the existing DO Silicon Micro-strip Tracker (SMT). The Layer-0 detector is based on R&D performed for the RunIIb silicon upgrade, which was cancelled in the fall of 2003. Layer-0 will be installed between the beam pipe and the 2.2 cm radius opening available in the SMT support structure. The radius of the first sampling will be reduced from 2.7 to 1.6 cm. Layer-0 will be radiation harder than the current SMT, thus ensuring that the silicon tracker remains viable through Tevatron RunII. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM webermi@fnal.gov OI Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 566 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.134 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 092VQ UT WOS:000241125800038 ER PT J AU Park, H Cremer, JT Piestrup, MA Gary, CK Hjelm, RP Sellyey, WCLJ Pantell, RH AF Park, H. Cremer, J. T. Piestrup, M. A. Gary, C. K. Hjelm, Rex P. Sellyey, W. C. L. J. Pantell, R. H. TI Measured operational neutron energies of compound refractive lenses SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE compound refractive lens; neutron; Bragg diffraction ID MICROSCOPE AB The characteristics of two compound refractive lenses (CRLs) have been measured using a broadband spallation neutron source. One CRL consists of a stack of 98 biconcave, spherical lenses made of MgF2, and another consists of 198 biconcave, spherical lenses made of Al. The bandwidth of the spallation source included wavelengths from 1.5 angstrom to 15.7 angstrom that we could use to test the CRLs. The MgF2 CRL was found to be useful from 9 to 15 A with the maximum transmission around 13 angstrom, whereas the Al CRL was found to give good transmission around 5-15 angstrom, with the maximum transmission around 8 angstrom. Spectra with Al lens and MgF2 CRLs show multiple transmission dips due to Bragg diffraction of the microcrystal structure of the lens materials (Al or MgF2). These measurements helped characterize the CRLs for possible applications at shorter wavelengths than previously used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Adelphi Technol Inc, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Adelphi Technol Inc, 981-B Ind Rd, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. EM hpark@adelphitech.com RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2006 VL 251 IS 2 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.07.024 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 098UA UT WOS:000241547100030 ER PT J AU Kilgore, WB AF Kilgore, William B. TI Exclusive Drell-Yan production at next-to-next-to-leading order SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 23-28, 2006 CL Eisenach, GERMANY SP DESY ID HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; GLUON ANTENNA FUNCTIONS; PHASE-SPACE INTEGRALS; SECTOR DECOMPOSITION; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; MULTILOOP INTEGRALS; NNLO CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; QCD; COLLISIONS AB I describe a parton-level Monte Carlo calculation of Drell-Yan production at next-to-next-to-leading order. The calculation is performed with a subtraction scheme in which the subtraction term is the squared matrix element itself.. The method builds upon the Dipole Formalism and, with proper modifications, could be applied to deep inelastic scattering and e(+)e(-) annihilation to hadrons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kilgore, WB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 160 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.nuelphysbps.2006.09.097 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 105IE UT WOS:000242022800003 ER PT J AU Baur, U Juste, A Orr, LH Rainwater, D AF Baur, U. Juste, A. Orr, L. H. Rainwater, D. TI Probing electroweak top quark couplings at hadron and lepton colliders SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 23-28, 2006 CL Eisenach, GERMANY SP DESY ID PHYSICS AB We discuss possibilities to measure the tt gamma and ttZ couplings at hadron and lepton colliders. We also briefly describe how these measurements can be used to constrain the parameter space of models of new physics, in particular Little Higgs models. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Baur, U (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Juste, Aurelio/I-2531-2015 OI rainwater, david/0000-0002-3668-4331; Juste, Aurelio/0000-0002-1558-3291 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 160 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.09.098 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 105IE UT WOS:000242022800004 ER PT J AU Ellis, RK AF Ellis, R. K. TI An update on the next-to-leading order Monte Carlo MCFM SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 23-28, 2006 CL Eisenach, GERMANY SP DESY ID HIGGS-BOSON; COLLISIONS; COLLIDERS AB The current status of the parton level, next-to-leading order Monte Carlo program MCFM is described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Ellis, RK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 160 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.09.108 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 105IE UT WOS:000242022800032 ER PT J AU Berger, CF Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Forde, D Kosower, DA AF Berger, Carola F. Bern, Zvi Dixon, Lance J. Forde, Darren Kosower, David A. TI On-shell unitarity bootstrap for QCD amplitudes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 23-28, 2006 CL Eisenach, GERMANY SP DESY ID ONE-LOOP AMPLITUDES; SUPER-YANG-MILLS; GAUGE-THEORY AMPLITUDES; MULTIPLE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; FERMION PROCESSES; TREE AMPLITUDES; CHARGED-CURRENT; TWISTOR SPACE; MHV VERTICES; INTEGRALS C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Berger, CF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 160 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.09.114 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 105IE UT WOS:000242022800050 ER PT J AU Mousseau, VA Knoll, DA AF Mousseau, Vincent A. Knoll, Dana A. TI Temporal accuracy of the nonequilibrium radiation diffusion equations applied to two-dimensional multimaterial simulations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TIME-INTEGRATION METHODS; KRYLOV METHODS; SYSTEMS AB A study of the temporal accuracy of a variety of first- and second-order time-integration methods applied to two-dimensional, multimaterial, nonequilibrium, radiation diffusion simulations is presented. These methods are categorized by their temporal order of accuracy, whether the algorithm includes operator splitting, and whether the algorithm includes linearizations. Results are presented that simultaneously measure accuracy and efficiency of the different methods on two different test problems. The two test problems are designed to represent an easy problem, where different approximations may be accurate, and a hard test problem that will stress the different solution algorithms. Results show the importance of being second-order accurate in time and the importance of time-step control. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mousseau, VA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Vincent.Mousseau@inl.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 154 IS 2 BP 174 EP 189 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 090RX UT WOS:000240969800003 ER PT J AU Zhong, ZP Downar, TJ Xu, YL AF Zhong, Zhaopeng Downar, Thomas J. Xu, Yunlin TI Continuous-energy multidimensional S-N transport for problem-dependent resonance self-shielding calculations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A method is presented to obtain a continuous-energy representation of the neutron spectrum using two-dimensional discrete ordinates calculations with a combination of multigroup (MG) and point-wise (PW) nuclear data. This provides the capability of determining the fine-structure energy distribution of the angular flux and flux moments within the resonance range as well as the smoother spectrum in the high- and thermal-energy ranges. The continuous-energy flux spectra can be utilized as problem-dependent weighting functions within the whole two-dimensional domain to process self-shielded MG cross sections for reactor physics and/or criticality safety analysis so that the two-dimensional heterogeneous effect in the resonance calculation can be fully considered. This calculational method has been implemented in a new PW transport code called GEMINEWTRN that may be executed as a module in the SCALE computer code system. Example applications using ENDF/B cross-section data are presented to study the two-dimensional heterogeneous effect in the resonance calculations. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhong, ZP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zzhong@ecn.purdue.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 154 IS 2 BP 190 EP 201 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 090RX UT WOS:000240969800004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS AF Zhang, Jinsuo TI Oxygen control technique in molten lead and lead-bismuth eutectic systems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LEAD; CORROSION; STEELS; ALLOYS; SENSORS; METALS AB The key aspects of oxygen control technique used for steel corrosion mitigation in lead-alloy systems include the thermodynamic stability of protective oxides, oxygen concentration range, measurement and control methods, and oxide layer structures and transport properties. Practical conditions for oxygen control and the proper oxygen concentration ranges for typical nonisothermal liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) systems are presented based on the available thermodynamic and solubility data. Theoretical expressions for the widely used oxygen sensor signals are obtained. The sensors are calibrated by comparing the experimental results from a nonisothermal LBE loop and the theoretical calculations. Analyses show that the fully turbulent flow leads to a nearly uniform oxygen concentration over the entire loop, and there is no significant delay of sensor response to a change of the operating condition. Under conditions of actively controlled oxygen in lead and LBE, the possible behaviors for oxidation, corrosion, and corrosion product precipitation are analyzed, providing the means to optimize corrosion control through oxide protection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, MS-K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@cnls.lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 154 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 090RX UT WOS:000240969800007 ER PT J AU Oh, CH Barner, R Davis, C Sherman, S AF Oh, Chang H. Barner, Robert Davis, Cliff Sherman, Steven TI Evaluation of working fluids in an indirect combined cycle in a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE very high temperature gas-cooled reactor; indirect combined cycle AB The U.S. Department of Energy and Idaho National Laboratory are developing a very high temperature reactor to serve as a demonstration of state-of-the-art nuclear technology. The purpose of the demonstration is twofold: (a) efficient, low-cost energy generation and (b) hydrogen production. Although a next-generation plant could be developed as a single-purpose facility, early designs are expected to be dual purpose, as assumed here. A dual-purpose design with a combined cycle of a Brayton top cycle and a bottom Rankine cycle was investigated. An intermediate heat transport loop for transporting heat to a hydrogen production plant was used Helium, CO2, and a helium-nitrogen mixture were studied to determine the best working fluid in terms of the cycle efficiency. The relative component sizes were estimated for the different working fluids to provide an indication of the relative capital costs. The relative size of the turbomachinery was, measured by comparing the power input/output of the component. For heat exchangers the volume was computed and compared. Parametric studies away from the baseline values of the cycle were performed to determine the effects of varying conditions in the cycle. This gives some insight into the sensitivity of the cycle to various operating conditions as well as trade-offs between efficiency and component size. Parametric studies were carried out on reactor outlet temperature, mass flow, pressure, and turbine cooling. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM chang.oh@inl.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 088KV UT WOS:000240811500001 ER PT J AU Visser, AE Bronikowski, MG Rudisill, TS AF Visser, Ann E. Bronikowski, Michael G. Rudisill, Tracy S. TI Caustic precipitation of plutonium and uranium with gadolinium as a neutron poison SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poison; precipitation; gadolinium AB The caustic precipitation of plutonium and uranium from Pu- and U-containing waste solutions has been investigated to determine whether gadolinium could be used as a neutron poison for precipitation with greater than a fissile mass containing both Pu and enriched U. Precipitation experiments were performed using both process solution samples and simulant solutions with a range of 2.6 to 5.16 g/l U and 0 to 4.3:1 U:Pu. Analyses were performed on solutions at intermediate pH to determine the partitioning of elements for accident scenarios. When both Pu and U were present in the solution, precipitation began at pH 4.5 and by pH 7, 99% of Pu and U had precipitated. When complete neutralization was achieved at pH > 14 with 1.2 M excess OH-, greater than 99% of Pu, U, and Gd had precipitated. At pH > 14, the particle sizes were larger, and the distribution was a single mode. The ratio of hydrogen to fissile atoms in the precipitate was determined after both settling and centrifuging and indicates that sufficient water was associated with the precipitates to provide the needed neutron moderation for Gd to prevent a criticality in solutions containing up to 4.3:1 U:Pu and up to 5.16 g/l U. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Visser, AE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Ann.Visser@SRNL.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 156 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 088KV UT WOS:000240811500008 ER PT J AU Kovalenko, OV Wiese, C Schild, D AF Kovalenko, Oleg V. Wiese, Claudia Schild, David TI RAD51AP2, a novel vertebrate- and meiotic-specific protein, shares a conserved RAD51-interacting C-terminal domain with RAD51AP1/PIR51 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; NUCLEAR FOCI; BREAK REPAIR; ENZYME UBC9; YEAST RAD51; INTERACTS; BRCA2 AB Many interacting proteins regulate and/or assist the activities of RAD51, a recombinase which plays a critical role in both DNA repair and meiotic recombination. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human testis cDNA library revealed a new protein, RAD51AP2 (RAD51 Associated Protein 2), that interacts strongly with RAD51. A full-length cDNA clone predicts a novel vertebrate-specific protein of 1159 residues, and the RAD51AP2 transcript was observed only in meiotic tissue (i.e. adult testis and fetal ovary), suggesting a meiotic-specific function for RAD51AP2. In HEK293 cells the interaction of RAD51 with an ectopically-expressed recombinant large fragment of RAD51AP2 requires the C-terminal 57 residues of RAD51AP2. This RAD51-binding region shows 81% homology to the C-terminus of RAD51AP1/PIR51, an otherwise totally unrelated RAD51-binding partner that is ubiquitously expressed. Analyses using truncations and point mutations in both RAD51AP1 and RAD51AP2 demonstrate that these proteins use the same structural motif for RAD51 binding. RAD54 shares some homology with this RAD51-binding motif, but this homologous region plays only an accessory role to the adjacent main RAD51-interacting region, which has been narrowed here to 40 amino acids. A novel protein, RAD51AP2, has been discovered that interacts with RAD51 through a C-terminal motif also present in RAD51AP1. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schild, D (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dschild@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92584, P01 CA092584, P01 CA92584] NR 49 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 18 BP 5081 EP 5092 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl665 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 104JQ UT WOS:000241955100016 PM 16990250 ER PT J AU Marques, OA Parlett, BN Vomel, C AF Marques, Osni A. Parlett, Beresford N. Voemel, Christof TI Computations of eigenpair subsets with the MRRR algorithm SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multiple relatively robust representations; numerically orthogonal eigenvectors; symmetric tridiagonal matrix; subset computation; false singleton ID RELATIVELY ROBUST REPRESENTATIONS; TRIDIAGONAL EIGENPROBLEM; INVERSE ITERATION; EIGENVECTORS; MATRICES; DIVIDE AB The main advantage of inverse iteration over the QR algorithm and Divide & Conquer for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenproblem is that subsets of eigenpairs can be computed at reduced cost. The MRRR algorithm (MRRR = multiple relatively robust representations) is a clever variant of inverse iteration without the need for reorthogonalization. STEGR, the current version of MRRR in LAPACK 3.0, does not allow for subset computations. The next release of STEGR is designed to compute a (sub-)set of k eigenpairs with O(kn) operations. Because of the special way in which eigenvectors are computed, MRRR subset computations are more complicated than when using inverse iteration. Unlike the latter, MRRR sometimes cannot ignore the unwanted part of the spectrum. We describe the problems with what we call 'false singletons'. These are eigenvalues that appear to be isolated with respect to the wanted eigenvalues but in fact belong to a tight cluster of unwanted eigenvalues. This paper analyses these complications and ways to deal with them. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vomel, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oamarques@lbl.gov; parlett@math.berkeley.edu; voemel@eecs.berkeley.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 8 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1002/nla.493 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 092IB UT WOS:000241089100003 ER PT J AU Romano, P Campana, S Chincarini, G Cummings, J Cusumano, G Holland, ST Mangano, V Mineo, T Page, KL PaL'Shin, V Rol, E Sakamoto, T Zhang, B Aptekar, R Barbier, S Barthelmy, S Beardmore, AP Boyd, P Burrows, DN Capalbi, M Fenimore, EE Boyd, P Frederiks, D Gehrels, N Giommi, P Goad, MR Godet, O Golenetskii, S Guetta, D Kennea, JA La Parola, V Malesani, D Marshall, F Moretti, A Nousek, JA O'Brien, PT Osborne, JP Perri, M Tagliaferri, G AF Romano, P. Campana, S. Chincarini, G. Cummings, J. Cusumano, G. . Holland, S. T. Mangano, V. Mineo, T. Page, K. L. PaL'Shin, V. Rol, E. Sakamoto, T. Zhang, B. Aptekar, R. Barbier, S. Barthelmy, S. Beardmore, A. P. Boyd, P. Burrows, D. N. Capalbi, M. Fenimore, E. E. Boyd, P. Frederiks, D. Gehrels, N. Giommi, P. Goad, M. R. Godet, O. Golenetskii, S. Guetta, D. Kennea, J. A. La Parola, V. Malesani, D. Marshall, F. Moretti, A. Nousek, J. A. O'Brien, P. T. Osborne, J. P. Perri, M. Tagliaferri, G. TI Panchromatic study of GRB 060124: From precursor to afterglow SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY ID RAY BURST AFTERGLOWS; PEAK ENERGY; SPECTRA; BRIGHT AB We present observations of GRB 0601247 the first event for which both the prompt and the afterglow emission could be observed simultaneously and in their entirety by the three Swift instruments and by Konus-Wind. Thanks to these exceptional circumstances, the temporal and spectral properties of the prompt emission could be studied in the optical, X-ray and gamma-ray ranges (up to 2 MeV). While the X-ray emission (0.2-10 keV) clearly tracks the gamma-ray burst, the optical component follows a different pattern, likely indicating a different origin, possibly the onset of external shocks. C1 INAF, Osservatorio Astron Berra, I-23807 Merate, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20126 Milan, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. INAF, Inst Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosmica, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. INFA, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Romano, P (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astron Berra, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Frederiks, Dmitry/C-7612-2014; Pal'shin, Valentin/F-3973-2014; Aptekar, Raphail/B-3456-2015; Golenetskii, Sergey/B-3818-2015; OI moretti, alberto/0000-0002-9770-0315; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Frederiks, Dmitry/0000-0002-1153-6340; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; guetta, dafne/0000-0002-7349-1109; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1067 EP 1071 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10062-y PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300006 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A AF Panaitescu, A. TI Phases of swift x-ray afterglows SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY AB The X-ray afterglows observed by Swift exhibit rich light curves, with four phases of different decay rate. The temporal and spectral properties for a set of 47 bursts are used to identify the mechanisms which can explain these four phases. The early, fast-decaying phase can be attributed to the same mechanism which generated the burst emission (internal shocks in a relativistic outflow), while the following phases of slower decay can be identified with synchrotron emission from the forward shock sweeping the circumburst medium. Most likely, the phase of slowest decay is due to a continuous energy injection in the forward shock. A later break of the X-ray light curve can be attributed to a collimated outflow whose boundary becomes visible to the observer (a jet) but the optical and X-ray decays are not always consistent with the standard jet-model expectations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-1,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10066-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300010 ER PT J AU Yost, SA Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Ashley, MCB Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Gogus, E Guver, T Halpern, JP Horns, D Kiziloglu, U Krimm, HA Mckay, TA Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, RM Rowell, G Rujopakarn, W Rykoff, ES Schaeffer, BE Smith, DA Swan, HF Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J Yuan, F AF Yost, S. A. Aharonian, F. Akerlof, C. W. Ashley, M. C. B. Barthelmy, S. Gehrels, N. Gogus, E. Guver, T. Halpern, J. P. Horns, D. Kiziloglu, Ue. Krimm, H. A. McKay, T. A. Ozel, M. Phillips, A. Quimby, R. M. Rowell, G. Rujopakarn, W. Rykoff, E. S. Schaeffer, B. E. Smith, D. A. Swan, H. F. Vestrand, W. T. Wheeler, J. C. Wren, J. Yuan, F. TI Taking a broad view of prompt emission SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY ID GAMMA-RAY-BURSTS; GRB 990123; RADIATION; MODELS AB We discuss the diversity of prompt Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) spectra from high to low energies, comparing optical observations to simultaneous garnma-ray emission. These events show a wide variety of relations between gamma-ray and optical spectral and temporal properties. Using optical detections and limits from ROTSE as well as the literature, we constrain the broad-band spectral shape during GRB events. With no single result for low-energy emission behavior, GRB models will need to account for diverse outcomes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sabanci Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Istanbul, Turkey. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Canakkale, Turkey. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Guilford Coll, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Yost, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Guver, Tolga/C-1408-2011; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Guver, Tolga/B-1039-2014; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1201 EP 1205 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10236-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300026 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, C. L. TI Type Ic supernovae in GRBs: A vital clue in understanding the progenitor? SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; FORMATION RATES; MASSIVE STARS; EVOLUTION; COLLAPSE AB The Supernova (SN)/Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) association is one of the primary pieces of evidence supporting the collapsar (collapse of a massive star) mechanism behind long-duration GRBs. Observation of the SNe associated with GRBs has also brought us a, very strong constraint on GRB progenitors. This constraint is simply stated: only Type Ic supernovae are associated with GRBs, but what this statement means for progenitors is not so simple. Here we discuss how this constraint affects the proposed progenitor scenarios, paying particular attention to the single-star models. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1393/ricb/i2007-10242-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300030 ER PT J AU Hungerford, AL Rockefeller, G Fryer, CL AF Hungerford, A. L. Rockefeller, G. Fryer, C. L. TI Neutrino signals from stellar collapse: Comparing GRBs to SNe SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Swift and GRBs - Unveiling the Relativistic University CY JUN 05-09, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY AB Collapse of massive stars to neutron stars or black holes releases an enormous amount (10(53) erg) of potential energy. For most normal supernovae (where the stellar core collapses down to a neutron star), the bulk of this energy escapes in the form of neutrinos. For the collapsar. GRB model, the core collapses to a black hole and more energy is released, but much of the energy released flows directly into the black hole. Here we compare the neutrino signals from two simulations; one of a supernova (SN) explosion (neutron star collapse) and the other of a collapsar Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) outburst (collapse to a black hole). These two signals could, in principal, allow us to distinguish between black-hole and neutron star formation in stellar collapse. We end by discussing how these different neutrino signals might affect neutrino-driven nucleosynthesis. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hungerford, AL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010 OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 121 IS 10-11 BP 1327 EP 1330 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2007-10264-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229SJ UT WOS:000250824300044 ER PT J AU Yermakov, Z Rothstein, DE AF Yermakov, Zhanna Rothstein, David E. TI Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling along a 72-year wildfire chronosequence in Michigan jack pine forests SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen mineralization; soil respiration; organic horizon accrual; chronosequence; fire ID BOREAL FOREST; FIRE CHRONOSEQUENCE; CO2 EVOLUTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; RESPIRATION; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; FLOOR; ROOT AB We investigated the changes in soil processes following wildfire in Michigan jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests using a chronosequence of 11 wild-fire-regenerated stands spanning 72 years. The objective of this study was to characterize patterns of soil nutrients, soil respiration and N mineralization with stand development, as well as to determine the mechanisms driving those patterns. We measured in situ N mineralization and soil respiration monthly during the 2002 growing season and used multiple regression analysis to determine the important factors controlling these processes. Growing-season soil respiration rates ranged from a low of 156 g C/m(2) in the 7-year-old stand to a high of 254 g C/m(2) in the 22-year-old stand, but exhibited no clear pattern with stand age. In general, soil respiration rates peaked during the months of July and August when soil temperatures were highest. We used a modified gamma function to model a temporal trend in total N mineralization (total N mineralization = 1.853-0.276 x age x e-(0.814xage); R-2 = 0.381; P = 0.002). Total N mineralization decreased from 2.8 g N/m(2) in the 1-year-old stand to a minimum value of 0.5 g N/m(2) in the 14-year-old stand, and then increased to about 1.5 g N/m(2) in mature stands. Changes in total N mineralization were driven by a transient spike in N turnover in the mineral soil immediately after wildfire, followed by a gradual accrual of a slow-cycling pool of N in surface organic horizons as stands matured. Thus, in Michigan jack pine forests, the accumulation of surface organic matter appears to regulate N availability following stand-replacing wildfire. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Yermakov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yermakov@anl.gov OI Rothstein, David E/0000-0002-8426-9933 NR 56 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 690 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s00442-006-0474-4 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088GH UT WOS:000240799700013 PM 16804702 ER PT J AU DeMange, P Negres, RA Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, Paul Negres, Raluca A. Radousky, Harry B. Demos, Stavros G. TI Differentiation of defect populations responsible for bulk laser-induced damage in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Boulder Damage Conference on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY SEP, 2005 CL Boulder, CO SP SPIE DE potassium dihydrogen phosphate; laser-induced damage; defects; damage initiation; damage morphology ID PERFORMANCE AB The defects responsible for damage in KDP and DKDP crystals are investigated by analyzing the density of damage sites and their individual morphology under different irradiation wavelengths and fluences. The experimental results indicate the presence of two defect species initiating damage over different wavelength ranges. Disparities in the morphology of damage sites initiated are also observed over each wavelength range. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM demange1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 AR 104205 DI 10.1117/1.2363166 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 112LN UT WOS:000242527500014 ER PT J AU Gwo, DH AF Gwo, Dz-Hung TI Simultaneous interferometric optical-figure characterizations for two optical elements in series: Proposal for a non-Newtonian numerical integration scheme SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Dewar window; Fizeau interferometry; optical wavefront; optimization; least squares; uncorrelated random noise; numerical integration AB The article proposes a scheme to break a Catch-22 loop in an optical-figure - wavefront measurement. For instance, to measure the tilt-independent optical figure of a nominal optical flat at cryogenic temperatures, one requires a cryogenic Dewar-window system for a Fizeau interferometer mainframe outside the Dewar to see through. The problem is: how to calibrate the window system in situ using the yet-to-be-calibrated nominal optical flat, and vice versa, in only one cryogenic cooldown? The proposal includes: (a) interferometric phase-map measurements with the test piece slightly offset in different transverse directions, and (b) an unconventional numerical integration scheme, starting with one-dimensional bidirectional integrations, to synthesize the two-dimensional wavefront distortion function. The numerical scheme helps minimize the nonuniformity in noise-power distribution that results from integrating phase-map data, and thus the associated uncorrelated random noise. The numerical integration scheme represents a non-Newtonian concept specifically for noise-carrying experimental data. The algorithm that determines the algorithm for the domain-shape-specific integration scheme is described in detail. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gwo, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-099,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gwo1@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 45 IS 10 AR 105602 DI 10.1117/1.2360506 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 112LN UT WOS:000242527500026 ER PT J AU Pal, U Serrano, JG Santiago, P Xiong, G Ucer, KB Williams, RT AF Pal, U. Garcia Serrano, J. Santiago, P. Xiong, Gang Ucer, K. B. Williams, R. T. TI Synthesis and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Topical Meeting on Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL UNAM, Cent Cienc Mat Condensada, Ensenada, MEXICO HO UNAM, Cent Cienc Mat Condensada DE zinc oxide; nanostructures; optical properties ID ZINC-OXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; OXYGEN-DEFICIENT; GROWTH-MECHANISM; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRES; GREEN; LUMINESCENT; NANORODS AB ZnO nanostructures with different morphologies were grown by a low-temperature hydrothermal technique. The morphology, crystallinity and defect content in the nanostructures could be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions. Nanostructures, prepared with optimum growth conditions were of good structural and optical qualities. Effects of growth conditions and thermal annealing on the optical properties of the nanostructures were studied by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. It is found that the nanostructures grown with particular initial and final pH values of the reaction mixture and air-annealed at about 250 degrees C are of best crystalline and optical quality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Pal, U (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Apdo Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico. EM upal@sirio.ifuap.buap.mx NR 25 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2006.03.015 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 092HI UT WOS:000241087200014 ER PT J AU Young, DJ Pint, BA AF Young, D. J. Pint, B. A. TI Chromium volatilization rates from Cr2O3 scales into flowing gases containing water vapor SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE mass-transfer coefficient; gas diffusion; convection; water vapor; chromium oxy-hydroxide ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE HYDROXIDE EVAPORATION; COAL POWER-PLANTS; FE-CR ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; OXYGEN; STEELS; 304L AB The mass-transfer coefficient for CrO2(OH)(2) volatilization into flowing air-10% H2O or steam was evaluated using classical gas transport theory in the viscous-flow regime. The resulting values were applied to new thermodynamic data for the reaction: 1/2 Cr2O3 + 3/4 O-2(g) + H2O(g) = CrO2(OH)(2)(g) to predict Cr-evaporation fluxes in the temperature range 650-800 degrees C. The calculation was found to predict correctly the Cr-loss rate measured from foil specimens of Fe-20Cr-25Ni+Nb (alloy 709) exposed for up to 10,000 hr under these conditions. In 240 atm (24 MPa) high-purity steam, the calculations suggest that the Cr-evaporation rates will be much lower than in humid air. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Young, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM d.young@unsw.edu.au RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Young, David/G-5515-2011 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; NR 31 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s11085-006-9030-1 PG 17 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 110GF UT WOS:000242365600002 ER PT J AU Detor, AJ Miller, MK Schuh, CA AF Detor, A. J. Miller, M. K. Schuh, C. A. TI Solute distribution in nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys examined through atom probe tomography SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; NI-3.6 AT.PERCENT P; THERMAL-STABILITY; PHOSPHORUS SEGREGATION; ELECTRODEPOSITED NI; SCALE; GROWTH; SIMULATIONS; INTERFACE AB Atom probe tomography is used to observe the solute distribution in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys with three different grain sizes (3, 10 and 20 nm) and the results are compared with atomistic computer simulations. The presence of grain boundary segregation is confirmed by detailed analysis of composition fluctuations in both experimental and simulated structures, and its extent quantified by a frequency distribution analysis. In contrast to other nanocrystalline alloys previously examined by atom probe tomography, such as Ni-P, the present nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys exhibit only a subtle amount of solute segregation to the intergranular regions. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 8-211, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM schuh@mit.edu RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 59 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 8 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 28 BP 4459 EP 4475 DI 10.1080/14786430600726749 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 062WU UT WOS:000238977700006 ER PT J AU Kisielowski, C Freitag, B Xu, X Beckman, SP Chrzan, DC AF Kisielowski, C. Freitag, B. Xu, X. Beckman, S. P. Chrzan, D. C. TI Sub-angstrom imaging of dislocation core structures: how well are experiments comparable with theory? SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WAVE-FUNCTION RECONSTRUCTION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; 60-DEGREES DISLOCATIONS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; ANTISITE DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; SILICON; GAAS AB During the past 50 years, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has evolved from an imaging tool to a quantitative method that approaches the ultimate goal of understanding the atomic structure of materials atom by atom in three dimensions both experimentally and theoretically. Today's TEM abilities are tested in the special case of a Ga-terminated 30 degrees partial dislocation in GaAs: Be where it is shown that a combination of high-resolution phase contrast imaging, scanning TEM (STEM), and local electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) allows for a complete analysis of dislocation cores and associated stacking faults. We find that it is already possible to locate atom column positions with picometre precision in directly interpretable images of the projected crystal structure and that chemically different elements can already be identified together with their local electronic structure. In terms of theory, the experimental results can be quantitatively compared with ab initio electronic structure total energy calculations. By combining elasticity theory methods with atomic theory, an equivalent crystal volume can be addressed. Therefore, it is already feasible to merge experiments and theory on a picometre length scale. Whereas current experiments require the utilization of different, specialized instruments, it is foreseeable that the rapid improvement of electron optical elements will soon generate a next generation of microscopes with the ability to image and analyze single atoms in one instrument with deep sub-angstrom spatial resolution and an energy resolution better than 100 meV. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FEI Co, NL-5600 KA Eindhoven, Acht, Netherlands. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Comp Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CFKisielowski@lbl.gov NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4575 EP 4588 DI 10.1080/14786430600746432 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100005 ER PT J AU Pond, RC Medlin, DL Serra, A AF Pond, R. C. Medlin, D. L. Serra, A. TI A study of the accommodation of coherency strain by interfacial defects at a grain boundary in gold SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DISCONNECTIONS; DISLOCATIONS; TRANSFORMATIONS; STEPS; MODEL AB The structure of a < 110 > 90 degrees grain boundary in Au is investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomistic simulation. It consists of coherent segments, exhibiting the extended 9R configuration described by Medlin et al. [10], with superimposed line defects to accommodate the coherency strain. Two types of defects are observed, crystal dislocations and disconnections, where the latter exhibit step nature in addition to dislocation character. Both types of defect are identified by HRTEM in combination with circuit mapping, and their parameters are shown to be consistent with the topological theory of interfacial defects [7]. Moreover, the misfit-relieving function of observed defect arrays, their influence on interface orientation and the relative rotation of the adjacent crystals is elucidated. During observation, defect decomposition is observed in a manner which conserves Burgers vector and step height. One of the decomposition products is glissile, consistent with the 'glide/climb' rules for interfacial defects. This glissile motion is also found by atomistic simulation of the disconnection when an applied strain is imposed. The gamma-surface for the interface is calculated and shows that no alternative boundary structure is stable, confirming, consistent with experimental observation, that defects separating different configurations are not feasible. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Mat Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Matemat Aplicada 3, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Pond, RC (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Mat Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM r.c.pond@liv.ac.uk OI Serra, Anna/0000-0002-8754-5649 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4667 EP 4684 DI 10.1080/14786430600698864 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100010 ER PT J AU Chisholm, MF Pennycook, SJ AF Chisholm, M. F. Pennycook, S. J. TI Direct imaging of dislocation core structures by Z-contrast STEM SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; REDUCED CRITICAL CURRENTS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE AB The development of Z-contrast imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope has enabled dislocation core structures to be visualized with increasing detail. In single-component systems, core structures have been generally found to be as expected from simple considerations or theoretical predictions. In more complex structures, however, cores are generally seen to take on configurations that were not previously anticipated, utilizing reconstructions or non-stoichiometry to lower the elastic strain field. We present an overview of these developments in a variety of materials. In suitable circumstances, impurity segregation sites have been directly imaged at dislocation cores. More generally, electron energy loss spectroscopy gives detailed, atomic-resolution information on stoichiometry and impurity concentrations. These additional variables introduce additional degrees of freedom into the whole issue of structure/property relationships. We show examples of an impurity-induced core structure transformation and a cooperative doping effect. First-principles density functional calculations are used to link observed core structures to macroscopic properties. We also show that planar dislocation arrays are accurate descriptions of tilt grain boundaries, with the structural units geometrically equivalent to individual dislocation cores. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pennycooksj@ornl.gov NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4699 EP 4725 DI 10.1080/14786430600778757 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100012 ER PT J AU Kirk, MA Jenkins, ML Zhou, Z Twesten, RD Sutton, AP Dudarev, SL Davidson, RS AF Kirk, M. A. Jenkins, M. L. Zhou, Z. Twesten, R. D. Sutton, A. P. Dudarev, S. L. Davidson, R. S. TI Diffuse elastic scattering of electrons by individual nanometer-sized dislocation loops SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DEFECT CLUSTERS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; COPPER; SILVER; GOLD AB Diffuse elastic scattering of electrons by single nanometer-sized defects in ion irradiated Au has been measured quantitatively. Diffuse scattering from isolated single dislocation loops is separated from Bragg scattering at a weakly excited diffraction peak. Results are compared with calculations for diffuse scattering of X-rays and electrons. The pattern in the diffuse scattering within a single reciprocal lattice plane often reveals the loop geometry, size, and interstitial or vacancy nature. Defect images using only diffuse scattering are achieved with high sensitivity and good resolution by a hollow-cone dark-field method. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Ctr Microanal Mat, Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Kirk, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kirk@anl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4797 EP 4808 DI 10.1080/14786430600636336 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100017 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Jenkins, ML Dudarev, SL Sutton, AP Kirk, MA AF Zhou, Z. Jenkins, M. L. Dudarev, S. L. Sutton, A. P. Kirk, M. A. TI Simulations of weak-beam diffraction contrast images of dislocation loops by the many-beam Howie-Basinski equations SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL THEORY; COLUMN APPROXIMATION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ANGULAR DISLOCATION; DISPLACEMENT-FIELDS; DEFECTS; CRYSTAL; COPPER AB A computer program has been developed to solve numerically the Howie-Basinski equations of electron diffraction theory, which avoid the so-called column approximation. In this paper we describe the basis of the numerical approach, and apply it to simulate images of small loops in copper under a variety of weak-beam imaging conditions. Simulations were carried out for faulted Frank loops of size 2-10nm with systematic variations in imaging parameters (the loop orientation, the diffraction vector, the deviation parameter, the loop depth, the foil thickness and beam convergence). Comparisons are made with experiments in ion-irradiated copper. The simulated images were found to be in good qualitative agreement with experimental TEM micrographs. We are able to reach conclusions on the likely visibility of very small clusters, and we discuss the implications of the simulations for experimental measurements of loop number densities and sizes. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dudarev, SL (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM sergei.dudarev@ukaea.org.uk NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4851 EP 4881 DI 10.1080/14786430600615041 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100021 ER PT J AU Bartolozzi, M Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW AF Bartolozzi, M. Leinweber, D. B. Thomas, A. W. TI Scale-free avalanche dynamics in the stock market SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Econophysics Colloquium CY NOV 14-18, 2005 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA SP COSNet, ARC Complex Open Syst Res Network, ANU, Appl Math, Ctr Biomed Engn, Univ Adelaide, Univ Studi Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Avanzate, Natl Inst Phys Sci, Natl Inst Econ & Business, ANU, Res Sch Phys Sci, Australian Natl Univ DE complex systems; econophysics; self-organized criticality; wavelets ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TURBULENCE; MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Self-organized criticality (SOC) has been claimed to play an important role in many natural and social systems. In the present work we empirically investigate the relevance of this theory to stock-market dynamics. Avalanches in stock-market indices are identified using a multi-scale wavelet-filtering analysis designed to remove Gaussian noise from the index. Here, new methods are developed to identify the optimal filtering parameters which maximize the noise removal. The filtered time series is reconstructed and compared with the original time series. A statistical analysis of both high-frequency Nasdaq E-mini Futures and daily Dow Jones data is performed. The results of this new analysis confirm earlier results revealing a robust power-law behaviour in the probability distribution function of the sizes, duration and laminar times between avalanches. This power-law behaviour holds the potential to be established as a stylized fact of stock market indices in general. While the memory process, implied by the power-law distribution of the laminar times, is not consistent with classical models for SOC, we note that a power-law distribution of the laminar times cannot be used to rule out self-organized critical behaviour. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bartolozzi, M (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM mbartolo@physics.adelaide.edu.au RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 370 IS 1 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.04.024 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 083SD UT WOS:000240477600025 ER PT J AU Homes, CC AF Homes, C. C. TI Scaling of the superfluid density in high-temperature superconductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2005) CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE infrared; superconductivity; spectral weight; scaling ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PENETRATION-DEPTH; ENERGY-GAP; SUM-RULE; CONDUCTIVITY; TC; YBA2CU3O6+X; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY; NIOBIUM AB A scaling relation N-c similar or equal to 4.4 sigma T-dc(c) has been observed parallel and perpendicular to the copper-oxygen planes in the high-temperature lsuperconductors; N-c is the spectral weight and sigma(dc) is the dc conductivity just above the critical temperature T-c. In addition, Nb and Pb also fall close to this scaling line. The application of the Ferrell-Glover-Tinkham sum rule to the BCS optical properties of Nb above and below T-c yields N-c similar or equal to 8.1 sigma T-dc(c) when the normal-state scattering rate is much greater than the superconducting energy gap (1/tau > 2 Delta, the "dirty" limit). This result suggests that the high-temperature superconductors may be in the dirty limit. The superconductivity perpendicular to the planes is explained by the Josephson effect, which again yields N-c similar or equal to 8.1 sigma T-dc(c) in the BCS formalism. The similar forms for the scaling relation in these two directions suggests that in some regime the dirty limit and the Josephson effect may be viewed as equivalent. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, 20,Penn St,Bldg 510B,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM homes@bnl.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 445 SI SI BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.03.066 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 090PV UT WOS:000240964100004 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, M Yoshida, T Tanaka, K Fujimori, A Lu, DH Shen, ZX Wakimoto, S Okusawa, M Yamada, K AF Hashimoto, M. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, K. Fujimori, A. Lu, D. H. Shen, Z. X. Wakimoto, S. Okusawa, M. Yamada, K. TI Photoemission study of excess oxygen-doped La2CuO4.10 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2005) CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE photoemission spectroscopy; high-T-c cuprates; disorder; pseudogap ID SUPERCONDUCTING STATE; LA2CUO4+DELTA; SCATTERING; PSEUDOGAP AB We have studied excess oxygen-doped La2CuO4.(10) (LCO) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and temperature-dependent angle-integrated photoemission spectroscopy (AIPES). The observed Fermi surface and flat-band position are similar to those of optimally-doped to slightly-underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO). We have observed a large pseudogap of similar to 70 meV in the temperature-dependent AIPES spectra, which is larger than that reported for optimally-doped LSCO (similar to 35 meV). From comparison of low-temperature AIPES spectra between different cooling rates, oxygen disorder is found to cause spectral weight transfer from higher binding energy to near E-F and to make the spectral line shapes resemble those of LSCO. This explains the reduction of the large pseudogap in LSCO. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Adv Sci Res Ctr, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Gunma Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Phys, Gunma 3718510, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Hashimoto, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Kiban Bldg,4E3,5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778561, Japan. EM hashimot@wyvern.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 445 SI SI BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.03.083 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 090PV UT WOS:000240964100022 ER PT J AU Hawsey, RA Christen, DK AF Hawsey, Robert A. Christen, David K. TI Progress in research, development, and pre-commercial deployment of second generation HTS wires in the USA SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2005) CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE high-temperature superconducting wire; coated conductor; second generation wire; YBCO; IBAD; RABiTS ID COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; THICK-FILMS; YBCO FILMS; TEXTURE AB US efforts to develop and deploy "second generation" (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires that use the compound Y1Ba2Cu3Ox (YBCO) or other rare-earth (RE) superconducting materials are described. Wires have been demonstrated in 20 to > 200-m lengths with the YBCO deposited using vapor deposition or wet chemical processes in ultra-thin layers onto textured, buffered metallic templates, which forces the grains of the RE-BCO into near perfect alignment. Critical currents for these pre-commercial wires are now within striking distance of those achieved for commercial BSSCO wires. One expected advantage of 2G wire is a 5-fold decrease in the price of wire compared with first generation wires. Another advantage of 2G wire is the intrinsic behavior of YBCO in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Enhancements in flux pinning of at least a factor of two have been demonstrated for MOCVD and MOD deposited YBCO films. US progress towards meeting the challenging goals for the year 2006, including current exceeding 300 A/cm width (77 K, self-field) in 100-m lengths and engineering current density exceeding 10,000 A/cm(2) (65 K, 3-T) is reported. In addition, initial efforts toward engineering the conductor for the mechanical and electrical properties needed for strong magnetic field applications are described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hawsey, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hawseyra@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 445 SI SI BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.04.062 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 090PV UT WOS:000240964100119 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Heatherly, L Martin, PM Goyal, A Kodenkandath, T Li, X Thieme, CLH Rupich, MW AF Paranthaman, M. Parans Sathyamurthy, S. Heatherly, L. Martin, P. M. Goyal, A. Kodenkandath, T. Li, X. Thieme, C. L. H. Rupich, M. W. TI All MOD buffer/YBCO approach to coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2005) CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE Y-based cuprates; sol-gel processing; thin films; buffer layers; coated conductors ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTOR WIRES; LANTHANUM ZIRCONATE; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; LAYERS AB RABiTS based metal-organic deposition (MOD) buffer/YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) approach has been considered as one of the potential, low-cost approaches to fabricate high performance second generation coated conductors. The most commonly used RABiTS architectures consisting of a starting template of biaxially textured Ni-W (5 at.%) substrate with a seed layer Of Y2O3, a barrier layer of YSZ, and a CeO2 cap. In this three layer architecture, all the buffers are deposited using physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques. Using these PVD deposited templates, 0.8-mu m thick MOD-YBCO films with an I-c (critical current) of 250 A/cm have been achieved routinely in short lengths. We have developed a low-cost, non-vacuum, MOD process to grow epitaxial buffer layers on textured Ni-5W substrates. The main challenge in this effort is to match the performance of MOD templates to that of PVD templates. We have recently shown that the properties of MOD-La2Zr2O7 (LZO) layers can be improved by inserting a thin Y2O3 seed layer. Using MOD-CeO2 cap layers, we have demonstrated the growth of high performance MOD-YBCO films with an I-c of 200 A/cm-width on MOD-La2Zr2O7/Y2O3/Ni-5W substrates. This approach could potentially decrease the overall cost of the coated conductor fabrication. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 4500 S,Room S-244,MS-6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paranthamanm@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 445 SI SI BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.06.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 090PV UT WOS:000240964100126 ER PT J AU Connaughton, C Rajesh, R Zaboronski, O AF Connaughton, Colm Rajesh, R. Zaboronski, Oleg TI Cluster-cluster aggregation as an analogue of a turbulent cascade: Kolmogorov phenomenology, scaling laws and the breakdown of self-similarity SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE aggregating particle systems; turbulence; renormalization group; Smoluchowski equation ID FORCE FLUCTUATIONS; TAKAYASU MODEL; BEAD PACKS; RENORMALIZATION; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; SYSTEM AB We present a detailed study of the statistical properties of a system of diffusing aggregating particles in the presence of a steady source of monomers. We emphasize the case of low spatial dimensions where strong diffusive fluctuations invalidate the mean-field description provided by standard Smoluchowski kinetic theory. The presence of a source of monomers allows the system to reach a statistically stationary state at large times. This state is characterized by a constant flux of mass directed from small to large masses. It therefore admits a phenomenological description based on the assumption of self-similarity and constant mass flux analogous to the Kolmogorov's 1941 theory of turbulence. Unlike turbulence, the aggregation problem is analytically tractable using powerful methods of statistical field theory. We explain in detail how these methods should be adapted to study the far-from-equilibrium, flux-dominated states characteristic of turbulent systems. We consider multipoint correlation functions of the mass density. By an exact evaluation of the scaling exponents for the one and two-point correlation functions, we show that the assumption of self-similiarity breaks down at large masses for spatial dimensions, d <= 2. We calculate non-rigorously the exponents of the higher order correlation functions as an epsilon-expansion where epsilon = 2 - d. We show that the mass distribution exhibits non-trivial multiscaling. An analogy can be drawn with the case of hydrodynamic turbulence. The physical origin of this multiscaling is traced to the presence of strong correlations between particles participating in large mass aggregation events. These correlations stem from the recurrence of diffusion processes in d <= 2. The analytic methods developed here will have more general applicability beyond the study of this specific problem. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. Univ Warwick, Inst Math, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Connaughton, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM connaughtonc@gmail.com RI Connaughton, Colm/E-8796-2011; OI Connaughton, Colm/0000-0003-4137-7050; Zaboronski, Oleg/0000-0001-7530-6643 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2006.08.005 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 102JK UT WOS:000241806700011 ER PT J AU Bonilla, LL Carpio, A Neu, JC Wolfer, WG AF Bonilla, L. L. Carpio, A. Neu, J. C. Wolfer, W. G. TI Kinetics of helium bubble formation in nuclear materials SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE discrete kinetic equations; helium bubbles; boundary layers for discrete equations AB The formation and growth of helium bubbles due to self-irradiation in plutonium has been modelled by discrete kinetic equations for the number densities of bubbles having k atoms. Analysis of these equations shows that the bubble size distribution function can be approximated by a composite of: (i) the solution of partial differential equations describing the continuum limit of the theory but corrected to take into account the effects of discreteness, and (ii) a local expansion about the advancing leading edge of the distribution function in size space. Both approximations contribute to the memory term in a close integrodifferential equation for the monomer concentration of single helium atoms. The present boundary layer theory for discrete equations is compared to the numerical solution of the full kinetic model and to the previous approximation of Schalclach and Wolfer involving a truncated system of moment equations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Grp Modelizac Simulac Numer & Matemat Ind, Leganes 28911, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Matemat Aplicada, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bonilla, LL (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Grp Modelizac Simulac Numer & Matemat Ind, Ave Univ 30, Leganes 28911, Spain. EM bonilla@ing.uc3m.es; ana_carpio@mat.ucm.es; neu@math.berkeley.edu; wolfer1@llnl.gov RI Bonilla, Luis/B-6658-2008; OI Bonilla, Luis/0000-0002-7687-8595; carpio, ana/0000-0001-8623-6521 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2006.07.029 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 102JK UT WOS:000241806700013 ER PT J AU Minakata, H Nunokawa, H Parke, S Funchal, RZ AF Minakata, H. Nunokawa, H. Parke, S. Funchal, R. Zukanovich TI Determining nu mass hierarchy by precise measurements of two Delta m(2) in nu(e) and nu(mu) disappearance experiments SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Scandinavian NeutrinO Workshop CY MAY 02-06, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN AB In this paper, we discuss the possibility of determining the neutrino mass hierarchy by comparing the two effective atmospheric neutrino mass squared differences measured, respectively, in electron and in muon neutrino disappearance oscillation experiments. If the former is larger ( smaller) than the latter, the mass hierarchy is of normal ( inverted) type. We consider two very high precision ( a few per mil) measurements of such mass squared differences by phase II of the T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) experiment and by the novel Mossbauer enhanced resonant (nu) over bar (e) absorption technique. Under optimistic assumptions for the systematic errors of both measurements, we determine the region of sensitivities where the mass hierarchy can be distinguished. Due to the tight space limitation, we present only the general idea and show a few most important plots. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22452970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Minakata, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. EM nunokawa@fis.puc-rio.br RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013 OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL T127 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T127/012 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172FQ UT WOS:000246789900013 ER PT J AU Gorla, P Alessandria, F Ardito, R Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, JW Bellini, F Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cebrian, S Clemenza, M Cosmelli, C Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ Dafinei, I Di Domizio, S Diemoz, M Dolinski, MJ Farach, HA Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Freedman, SJ Gargiulo, C Giachero, A Guardincerri, E Giuliani, A Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Heeger, K Irastorza, IG Longo, E Maier, G Maruyama, R Morganti, S Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Ottonello, P Pallavicini, M Palmieri, V Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Sangiorgio, S Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G Vignati, M Xu, N Zanotti, L AF Gorla, P. Alessandria, F. Ardito, R. Arnaboldi, C. Artusa, D. R. Avignone, F. T., III Balata, M. Bandac, I. Barucci, M. Beeman, J. W. Bellini, F. Brofferio, C. Bucci, C. Capelli, S. Carbone, L. Cebrian, S. Clemenza, M. Cosmelli, C. Cremonesi, O. Creswick, R. J. Dafinei, I. Di Domizio, S. Diemoz, M. Dolinski, M. J. Farach, H. A. Ferroni, F. Fiorini, E. Freedman, S. J. Gargiulo, C. Giachero, A. Guardincerri, E. Giuliani, A. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Heeger, K. Irastorza, I. G. Longo, E. Maier, G. Maruyama, R. Morganti, S. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, E. B. Nucciotti, A. Ottonello, P. Pallavicini, M. Palmieri, V. Pavan, M. Pedretti, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Previtali, E. Risegari, L. Rosenfeld, C. Sangiorgio, S. Sisti, M. Smith, A. R. Torres, L. Ventura, G. Vignati, M. Xu, N. Zanotti, L. TI New CUORICINO results on the way to CUORE SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Scandinavian NeutrinO Workshop CY MAY 02-06, 2006 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN ID RARE EVENTS AB CUORE is a 0.75 ton experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of Te-130 using 988 TeO2 bolometers. It aims at reaching a sensitivity on the effective neutrino mass of the order of few tens of meV. CUORICINO, a single CUORE tower running since 2003, plays an important role as a stand alone experiment and for developing the future CUORE setup. Present results already achieved and studies that are underway are here presented and discussed. C1 Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-22100 Como, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gorla, P (reprint author), Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. EM paolo.gorla@lngs.infn.it RI capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; Sangiorgio, Samuele/F-4389-2014; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; OI capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; ARDITO, RAFFAELE/0000-0002-4271-9190; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Sangiorgio, Samuele/0000-0002-4792-7802; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; Clemenza, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8064-8936; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2006 VL T127 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T127/018 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172FQ UT WOS:000246789900019 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Papenbrock, T AF Bhattacharyya, Anirban Papenbrock, T. TI Density-functional theory for fermions close to the unitary regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS; ATOMS; COLD AB We consider interacting Fermi systems close to the unitary regime and compute the corrections to the energy density that are due to a large scattering length and a small effective range. Our approach exploits the universality of the density functional and determines the corrections from the analyical results for the harmonically trapped two-body system. The corrections due to the finite scattering length compare well with the result of Monte Carlo simulations. We also apply our results to symmetric neutron matter. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM anirban@ornl.gov; papenbro@phy.ornl.gov OI Bhattacharyya, Anirban/0000-0002-5948-3364; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 041602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.041602 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100010 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Cheng, KT Johnson, WR Sapirstein, J AF Chen, M. H. Cheng, K. T. Johnson, W. R. Sapirstein, J. TI QED corrections to the 4p-4d transition energies of copperlike heavy ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CU-LIKE IONS; ZN-LIKE IONS; SELF-ENERGY; NA-LIKE; ATOMS; PB AB Quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections to 4p-4d transition energies of several copperlike ions with Z=70-92 are calculated nonperturbatively in strong external fields to all orders in binding corrections. Dirac-Kohn-Sham potentials are used to account for screening and core-relaxation effects. For the 4p(1/2)-4d(3/2) transition in copperlike bismuth, thorium, and uranium, results are in good agreement with empirical QED corrections deduced from differences between transition energies obtained from recent high-precision electron-beam ion-trap measurements and those calculated with the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT). These comparisons provide sensitive tests of QED corrections for high-angular-momentum states in many-electron heavy ions and illustrate the importance of core-relaxation corrections. Comparisons are also made with other theories and with experiments on the 4s-4p transition energies of high-Z Cu-like ions as accuracy checks of the present RMBPT and QED calculations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chen7@llnl.gov; ktcheng@llnl.gov; johnson@nd.edu; jsapirst@nd.edu NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042510 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100077 ER PT J AU Damski, B Zakrzewski, J AF Damski, Bogdan Zakrzewski, Jakub TI Mott-insulator phase of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model: A high-order perturbative study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; OPTICAL LATTICES; QUANTUM; ATOMS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID AB The one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model at a unit filling factor is studied by means of a very high-order symbolic perturbative expansion. Analytical expressions are derived for the ground-state quantities such as energy per site, variance of on-site occupation, and correlation functions: < a(j)(dagger)a(j+r)> and < n(j)n(j+r)>. These findings are compared to numerics and good agreement is found in the Mott insulator phase. Our results provide analytical approximations to important observables in the Mott phase, and are also of direct relevance to future experiments with ultracold atomic gases placed in optical lattices. We also discuss the symmetry of the Bose-Hubbard model associated with the sign change of the tunneling coupling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fizyki Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Mark Kac Complex Syst Res Ctr, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Damski, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013; Zakrzewski, Jakub/B-4487-2011 OI Zakrzewski, Jakub/0000-0003-0998-9460 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 043609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.043609 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100143 ER PT J AU Kamenev, DI Berman, GP Tsifrinovich, VI AF Kamenev, D. I. Berman, G. P. Tsifrinovich, V. I. TI Influence of qubit displacements on quantum logic operations in a silicon-based quantum computer with constant interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; DONORS; ATOMS AB The errors caused by qubit displacements from their prescribed locations in an ensemble of spin chains are estimated analytically and calculated numerically for a quantum computer based on phosphorus donors in silicon. We show that it is possible to polarize (initialize) the nuclear spins even with displaced qubits by using controlled-NOT gates between the electron and nuclear spins of the same phosphorus atom. However, a controlled-NOT gate between the displaced electron spins is implemented with large error because of the exponential dependence of exchange interaction constant on the distance between the qubits. If quantum computation is implemented on an ensemble of many spin chains, the errors can be small if the number of chains with displaced qubits is small. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Kamenev, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042337 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042337 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100060 ER PT J AU Mihaila, B Crooker, SA Rickel, DG Blagoev, KB Littlewood, PB Smith, DL AF Mihaila, Bogdan Crooker, Scott A. Rickel, Dwight G. Blagoev, Krastan B. Littlewood, Peter B. Smith, Darryl L. TI Quantitative study of spin noise spectroscopy in a classical gas of K-41 atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SENSITIVE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-LASER; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; PROBE AB We present a general derivation of the electron spin noise power spectrum in alkali gases as measured by optical Faraday rotation, which applies to both classical gases at high temperatures as well as ultracold quantum gases. We show that the spin-noise power spectrum is determined by an electron spin-spin correlation function, and we find that measurements of the spin-noise power spectra for a classical gas of K-41 atoms are in good agreement with the predicted values. Experimental and theoretical spin noise spectra are directly and quantitatively compared in both longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields up to the high magnetic-field regime (where Zeeman energies exceed the intrinsic hyperfine energy splitting of the K-41 ground state). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Mihaila, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 043819 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043819 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100175 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, SY Krstic, PS Macek, JH AF Ovchinnikov, S. Yu. Krstic, P. S. Macek, J. H. TI Oscillations in the integral elastic cross sections for scattering of protons at inert gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; DIVERTOR DISCHARGES; HYDROGEN PLASMAS; SLOW COLLISIONS; TRANSPORT; EXHAUST; ATOMS; CONFINEMENT; SUPPRESSION AB Oscillations in integral elastic cross sections for collision energies in range 10(-4)-1 eV are a general feature appearing in many atomic collision systems. We illustrate its generality by proton scattering on multielectron atoms such as He, Ne, and Ar atoms. Expressing the sum over partial waves in the integral cross section in terms of the Mulholland identity and calculating all contributions to the formula we show that the Regge oscillations are a quantum-mechanical feature of the cross sections, the other features being of quasiclassical nature. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, SY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042706 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100088 ER PT J AU Rohringer, N Gordon, A Santra, R AF Rohringer, Nina Gordon, Ariel Santra, Robin TI Configuration-interaction-based time-dependent orbital approach for ab initio treatment of electronic dynamics in a strong optical laser field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MULTIPLE-HARMONIC CONVERSION; HARTREE-FOCK THEORY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MODEL ATOM; X-RAYS; FILTER-DIAGONALIZATION; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; 1064-NM RADIATION; KOOPMANS THEOREM AB The time-dependent configuration interaction singles (TDCIS) method-an ab initio electronic-structure technique with predictive character-is reformulated in terms of an effective one-electron theory with coupled channels. In this form, the TDCIS equations of motion may be evaluated using standard wave-packet propagation techniques in real space. The time-dependent orbital formulation of TDCIS has computational and conceptual advantages for studying strong-field phenomena in many-electron systems. A simplified version of this theory, referred to as the determinantal single-active-electron (d-SAE) method, is derived. TDCIS and d-SAE are tested by their application to a one-dimensional two-electron model in a strong laser field. The numerically exact time-dependent dipole moment of the interacting system is found to be very well reproduced with TDCIS. The d-SAE method is less accurate, but still provides superior performance in comparison to the standard single-active-electron approach. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rohringer, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rohringer, Nina/B-8030-2012; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014; Rohringer, Nina/N-3238-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815; Rohringer, Nina/0000-0001-7905-3567 NR 64 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 043420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043420 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100133 ER PT J AU Rohringer, N Peter, S Burgdorfer, J AF Rohringer, Nina Peter, Simone Burgdoerfer, Joachim TI Calculating state-to-state transition probabilities within time-dependent density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-IONIZATION; S-MATRIX; APPROXIMATIONS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The determination of the elements of the S matrix within the framework of time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) has remained a widely open question. We explore two different methods to calculate state-to-state transition probabilities. The first method closely follows the extraction of the S matrix from the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. This method suffers from cross-channel correlations resulting in oscillating transition probabilities in the asymptotic channels. An alternative method is proposed, which corresponds to an implicit functional of the time-dependent density. Evaluated with the exact time-dependent density it gives rise to stable and accurate transition probabilities. However, the functional shows an extreme sensitivity with respect to errors in the time-dependent density when evaluated using an approximate density from an actual TDDFT calculation. Two exactly solvable two-electron systems serve as a benchmark for a quantitative test. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Rohringer, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nrohringer@anl.gov RI Rohringer, Nina/B-8030-2012; Rohringer, Nina/N-3238-2014 OI Rohringer, Nina/0000-0001-7905-3567 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042512 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100079 ER PT J AU Santra, R Dunford, RW Young, L AF Santra, Robin Dunford, Robert W. Young, Linda TI Spin-orbit effect on strong-field ionization of krypton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX ABSORBING POTENTIALS; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; FINITE-ELEMENT CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON PROPAGATOR THEORY; COORDINATE METHOD; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; RESONANCE ENERGIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; LASER FIELDS AB A recent pump-probe experiment employing tunable, linearly polarized x rays demonstrated that Kr+ ions produced via strong-field ionization in a linearly polarized laser field are aligned, but that the degree of alignment is greatly overestimated by nonrelativistic strong-field ionization models. An effective one-electron model of strong-field ionization is presented that includes the effect of spin-orbit interaction. The method makes use of a flexible finite-element basis set and determines ionization rates in this square-integrable basis using a complex absorbing potential. It is found that even at the electric-field strength corresponding to the saturation intensity for the ionization of Kr, there is very little mixing between the 4p(3/2) and 4p(1/2) outer-valence orbitals. This shows that the uncoupled m(l),m(s) projection quantum numbers are inappropriate to describe the Kr+ states that are populated by strong-field ionization of krypton. For the x-ray probe step, a description is developed, within a density-matrix formalism. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of spin-orbit interaction in the ionization process provides satisfactory agreement with the experimental observation. Possibilities for time-resolved studies utilizing fs and sub-fs laser pulses are indicated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 NR 84 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 043403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043403 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100116 ER PT J AU Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J. Cheng, K. T. TI Calculation of radiative corrections to hyperfine splitting in p(1/2) states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LI-LIKE IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; CESIUM; CS-133; ATOMS; FINE AB Techniques to calculate one-loop radiative corrections to hyperfine splitting including binding corrections to all orders have been developed in the last decade for s states of atoms and ions. In this paper these methods are extended to p(1/2) states for three cases. In the first case, the point-Coulomb 2p(1/2) hyperfine splitting is treated for the hydrogen isoelectonic sequence, and the lowest order result, alpha/4 pi E-F, is shown to have large binding corrections at high Z. In the second case, neutral alkali-metal atoms are considered. In the third case, hyperfine splitting of the 2p(1/2) state of lithiumlike bismuth is treated. In the latter two cases, correlation corrections are included and, in addition, the point is stressed that uncertainties associated with nuclear structure, which complicate comparison with experiment for s states, are considerably reduced because of the smaller overlap with the nucleus. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sapirstein, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jsapirst@nd.edu; ktcheng@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042513 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100080 ER PT J AU Trevisan, CS Orel, AE Rescigno, TN AF Trevisan, C. S. Orel, A. E. Rescigno, T. N. TI Low-energy electron scattering by formic acid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; ATTACHMENT; HCOOH; DAMAGE AB We report the results of fixed-nuclei complex Kohn variational calculations of elastic electron scattering by formic acid, HCOOH. Momentum transfer and angular differential cross sections for incident electron energies ranging from 0.1 to 15 eV are presented and compared to available experimental data. The low-energy behavior of the cross section is analyzed and found to be consistent with the existence of a virtual state. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trevisan, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042716 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100098 ER PT J AU Walters, ZB Santra, R Greene, CH AF Walters, Zachary B. Santra, Robin Greene, Chris H. TI Interaction of intense vuv radiation with large xenon clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; X-RAY-EMISSION; IONIZATION; ATOMS; FIELD; DYNAMICS; PLASMA; PULSES; IONS AB The interaction of atomic clusters with short, intense pulses of laser light to form extremely hot, dense plasmas has attracted extensive experimental and theoretical interest. The high density of atoms within the cluster greatly enhances the atom-laser interaction, while the finite size of the cluster prevents energy from escaping the interaction region. Recent technological advances have allowed experiments to probe the laser-cluster interaction at very high photon energies, with interactions much stronger than suggested by theories for lower photon energies. We present a model of the laser-cluster interaction that uses nonperturbative R-matrix techniques to calculate inverse bremsstrahlung and photoionization cross sections for Herman-Skillman atomic potentials. We describe the evolution of the cluster under the influence of the processes of inverse bremsstrahlung heating, photoionization, collisional ionization and recombination, and expansion of the cluster. We compare total energy absorbed with the Hamburg experiment of Wabnitz [Nature 420, 482 (2002)] and ejected electron spectra with Laarmann [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 063402 (2005)]. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walters, ZB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 043204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.043204 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100111 ER PT J AU Aarbogh, HM Wu, J Wang, L Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF Aarbogh, H. M. Wu, J. Wang, L. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Leighton, C. TI Magnetic and electronic properties of La1-xSrxCoO3 single crystals across the percolation metal-insulator transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE TRANSITIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GRANULAR METALS; LACOO3; FILMS; LA0.5SR0.5COO3; LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; MANGANITES; COERCIVITY; CONDUCTION AB Lightly doped La1-xSrxCoO3 single crystals (i.e., x <= 0.15) have been intensively studied primarily due to the occurrence of spin-state transitions and magnetoelectronic phase separation. We report here the electronic transport and magnetic properties of more heavily doped crystals (0.15 < x < 0.30) with compositions clustered around the percolation metal-insulator transition (MIT). While the magnetic ordering temperature and saturation magnetization increase gradually as x is increased above 0.17, the resistivity and coercivity show drastic decreases in the range 0.17 < x < 0.20, due to the percolation and coalescence of the metallic ferromagnetic (FM) clusters that form in a semiconducting non-FM matrix at low doping. The doping dependence of the coercivity can be qualitatively understood in terms of the thermal stability of isolated FM clusters and the formation of domains in percolated networks. The magnetoresistance shows a smooth crossover from the intergranular giant magnetoresistance (GMR)-type behavior that is dominant at low x (due to spin-dependent transport between FM clusters) to the conventional negative magnetoresistance occurring in the vicinity of the ordering temperature at high x. These two mechanisms coexist in the range 0.17 < x < 0.20, providing further evidence of the spatial coexistence of insulating and metallic phases. The data suggest that although magnetoelectronic phase separation certainly occurs, it may be active over a smaller doping range than in polycrystals. At a composition between x=0.20 and 0.30 the signatures of phase coexistence in the magnetotransport disappear. Interestingly, this is coincident with a transition in the high-temperature (above the Curie point) transport from semiconducting-like to metallic-like. The largest "colossal magnetoresistance-type" negative magnetoresistance effects on the metallic side of the MIT are similar to 20% in La1-xSrxCoO3, smaller than the equivalent manganites, due to the absence of close competition with a strongly insulating phase. The incompatibility of some of the relevant spin states and crystal symmetries with a static, coherent, Jahn-Teller distortion, and the absence of long-range antiferromagnetic order in the La1-xSrxCoO3 phase diagram are likely key factors in this regard. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu RI Wang, Lan/B-6990-2011 OI Wang, Lan/0000-0001-7124-2718 NR 59 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 13 AR 134408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.134408 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101EY UT WOS:000241723200059 ER PT J AU Achatz, P Williams, OA Bruno, P Gruen, DM Garrido, JA Stutzmann, M AF Achatz, P. Williams, O. A. Bruno, P. Gruen, D. M. Garrido, J. A. Stutzmann, M. TI Effect of nitrogen on the electronic properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films grown on quartz and diamond substrates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT AB The electronic transport properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films grown from an argon-rich Ar/CH4 microwave plasma have been investigated in the temperature range from 300 up to 700 K and as a function of nitrogen added to the gas phase (from 0 to 20%). The influence of nitrogen incorporation on the electronic transport properties of the ultrananocrystalline diamond films was examined by conductivity and Hall effect experiments. Electron spin resonance and electrically detected magnetic-resonance measurements complement the electronic transport study. In the case of films grown with a high nitrogen content in the gas phase, it was possible to perform Hall effect experiments, which showed n-type conductivity, with carrier concentrations up to 10(20) cm(-3) and mobilities above 1 cm(2)/V s at room temperature. From the temperature dependence of the conductivity, we propose that electron transport via grain boundaries can explain the high conductivity (up to 150 Omega(-1) cm(-1)) of nitrogen containing ultrananocrystalline diamond films. The conduction mechanism in these films is explained by a transition from variable range-hopping transport in localized states near the Fermi level (in the case of low-conductivity films) to defect band conduction (in the case of high-conductivity films). The results have been discussed using a hopping model which assumes an exponential distribution of the density of states near the Fermi level, in order to explain the temperature dependence of the conductivity in the temperature range from 300 up to 700 K. Electrically detected magnetic resonance confirms that the transport of the low-conductivity samples can be explained by hopping via carbon dangling bonds. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Hasselt, Mat Res Inst, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Garrido, JA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, Coulombwall, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM garrido@wsi.tum.de RI Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009; bruno, paola/G-5786-2011; Garrido, Jose A./K-7491-2015; Stutzmann, Martin/B-1480-2012 OI Williams, Oliver/0000-0002-7210-3004; Stutzmann, Martin/0000-0002-0068-3505; Garrido, Jose A./0000-0001-5621-1067; NR 10 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155429 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600139 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Christianson, AD Gardner, JS Sidorov, VA Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Hundley, MF AF Bauer, E. D. Christianson, A. D. Gardner, J. S. Sidorov, V. A. Thompson, J. D. Sarrao, J. L. Hundley, M. F. TI Physical properties of the ferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound UIr2Zn20 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; U COMPOUNDS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONS; URU2SI2; ALLOYS; SYSTEM; FIELD; SPIN; CE AB Measurements of magnetization, specific heat, neutron diffraction, and electrical resistivity at ambient and applied pressure have been carried out on the cubic compound UIr2Zn20. A first-order-like ferromagnetic transition occurs at T-C=2.1 K with a saturation magnetization mu(sat)similar to 0.4 mu(B), indicating itinerant ferromagnetism. In this ordered state, the electronic specific heat coefficient remains large, gamma similar to 450 mJ/mol K-2, classifying UIr2Zn20 as one of the very few heavy-fermion ferromagnets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; OI christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155118 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600058 ER PT J AU Chia, EEM Zhu, JX Lee, HJ Hur, N Moreno, NO Bauer, ED Durakiewicz, T Averitt, RD Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Chia, Elbert E. M. Zhu, Jian-Xin Lee, H. J. Hur, Namjung Moreno, N. O. Bauer, E. D. Durakiewicz, T. Averitt, R. D. Sarrao, J. L. Taylor, A. J. TI Quasiparticle relaxation across the spin-density-wave gap in the itinerant antiferromagnet UNiGa5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; FERMI-SURFACE; DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; ELECTRON; CRYSTAL AB Time-resolved photoinduced reflectivity is measured for the itinerant antiferromagnet UNiGa5 (T-N approximate to 85 K) from room temperature to 10 K. The relaxation time tau shows a sharp increase at T-N consistent with the opening of a spin-density-wave (SDW) gap. The temperature dependence of tau below T-N is also consistent with the opening of a SDW gap leading to a quasiparticle recombination bottleneck as revealed by the Rothwarf-Taylor model. This contrasts with canonical heavy fermions such as CeCoIn5 where the recombination bottleneck arises from the hybridization gap. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Phys, BR-49100000 Sao Cristovao, Brazil. RP Chia, EEM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Chia, Elbert/B-6996-2011; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; OI Chia, Elbert/0000-0003-2066-0834; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 140409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.140409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400014 ER PT J AU Chmaissem, O Dabrowski, B Kolesnik, S Mais, J Suescun, L Jorgensen, JD AF Chmaissem, O. Dabrowski, B. Kolesnik, S. Mais, J. Suescun, L. Jorgensen, J. D. TI Effects of internal structural parameters on the properties of Ba-substituted La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; CATION DISORDER; MAGNETIC TRANSITIONS; SIZE MISMATCH; MANGANITES; PEROVSKITE; LA0.5CA0.5-XBAXMNO3; CHARGE; PR AB A series of barium substituted La0.5Sr0.5-xBaxMnO3 materials has been synthesized and investigated using neutron powder diffraction. We show that Ba substitution suppresses the low-temperature orbital ordering that has been previously observed in La0.5Sr0.5MnO3, and demonstrate the evolution of the magnetic and nuclear structures as a function of increasing Ba content. All our samples exhibit paramagnetic and ferromagnetic properties near room temperature with the ferromagnetic structures described as I4/mc(')m(') and P4/mm(')m(') for x=0, 0.1, and 0.2 and x=0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. The Mn magnetic moments align ferromagnetically in the direction of the c axis with no evidence for any spin canting. The effects of A-site ionic size, size variance, and strains in the lattice on the ferromagnetic ordering temperature, T-C, are discussed and compared with other members of the general La-0.5(Ca,Sr,Ba)(0.5)MnO3 series. Depending on the substitution path, the relationship between T-C and < r(A)> is either near constant or looks like an inverted parabola. Finally, details of the magnetic, resistive, structural, and interatomic properties are presented. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chmaissem, O (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. OI Suescun, Leopoldo/0000-0002-7606-8074 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144415 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400059 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Ren, Y Chow, P Zhang, JZ Vogel, SC Winkler, B Xu, J Zhao, YS Mao, HK AF Ding, Yang Ren, Yang Chow, Paul Zhang, Jianzhong Vogel, Sven C. Winkler, Bjoern Xu, Jian Zhao, Yusheng Mao, Ho-Kwang TI Pressure-induced long-range magnetic ordering in cobalt oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; GPA; MOSSBAUER; COO AB A long-range magnetic ordering transition in cobalt oxide (CoO) was observed around 2.2 GPa at room temperature using neutron diffraction. The magnetic structure was type-II antiferromagnetic. High-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction showed no evidence of a tetragonal lattice distortion in CoO in the magnetically ordered phase. This result indicates that the tetragonal lattice distortion occurring with magnetic ordering in the low-temperature structure of CoO could be associated with cooperative Jahn-Teller effects (orbital ordering), which, however, are decoupled from magnetic ordering under high pressure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, Abt Kristallog, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Ding, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 434E, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yding@hpcat.aps.anl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361; Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400021 ER PT J AU Dolinsek, J McGuiness, PJ Klanjsek, M Smiljanic, I Smontara, A Zijlstra, ES Bose, SK Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Canfield, PC AF Dolinsek, J. McGuiness, P. J. Klanjsek, M. Smiljanic, I. Smontara, A. Zijlstra, E. S. Bose, S. K. Fisher, I. R. Kramer, M. J. Canfield, P. C. TI Extrinsic origin of the insulating behavior of polygrain icosahedral Al-Pd-Re quasicrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; I-ALPDRE; CONDUCTIVITY; LOCALIZATION; TRANSITION; ALLOYS; STATES; APPROXIMANTS; SYSTEM; REGIME AB Polygrain icosahedral i-Al-Pd-Re quasicrystals are known to exhibit dramatically different electronic transport properties to other Al-based quasicrystals. By performing comparative experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic transport and electronic structure of polygrain and monocrystalline i-Al-Pd-Re samples, we show that the extraordinarily high electrical resistivity and the metal-to-insulator transition in the polygrain material are not intrinsic properties of the quasiperiodic lattice, but are of extrinsic origin due to the high porosity and the oxygen-rich weakly insulating regions in the material. We also compare theoretical electronic structures and experimental electrical resistivities of monocrystalline i-Al-Pd-Re and i-Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals and show that there are no significant differences between these two isomorphous compounds, suggesting that i-Al-Pd-Re is on common ground with other Al-based quasicrystals. We present a structural model of i-Al-Pd-Re. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Inst Phys, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dolinsek, J (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Smontara, Ana/E-2365-2011; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 13 AR 134201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.134201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101EY UT WOS:000241723200042 ER PT J AU dos Santos, CAM Neumeier, JJ Yu, YK Bollinger, RK Jin, R Mandrus, D Sales, BC AF dos Santos, C. A. M. Neumeier, J. J. Yu, Yi-Kuo Bollinger, R. K. Jin, R. Mandrus, D. Sales, B. C. TI Thermodynamic nature of the antiferromagnetic transition in NaxCoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB High-resolution thermal expansion measurements of single-crystalline Na0.80CoO2 reveal continuous behavior of the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition at T-M=21.7(1) K with critical exponent alpha=0.18(2). The thermal expansion is found to be highly anisotropic. Thermodynamic analysis provides the hydrostatic pressure derivative dT(M)/dP=+4.6(2) K/GPa. Similar measurements and analysis are presented for Na0.75CoO2. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USP, Escola Engn Lorena, BR-12602810 Lorena, SP, Brazil. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP dos Santos, CAM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, POB 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; dos Santos, Carlos/C-1619-2012 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 13 AR 132402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.132402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101EY UT WOS:000241723200010 ER PT J AU Dremov, V Petrovtsev, A Sapozhnikov, P Smirnova, M Preston, DL Zocher, MA AF Dremov, Vladimir Petrovtsev, Alexander Sapozhnikov, Philipp Smirnova, Maria Preston, Dean L. Zocher, Marvin A. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of the initial stages of spall in nanocrystalline copper SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of the initial stages of the spall process in single nanocrystals and polynanocrystals of copper are performed. The simulations show that void nucleation in copper polynanocrystals occurs predominantly along the grain boundaries, whereas voids are formed at stacking fault intersections in copper monocrystals. The calculated spall strengths of single-crystal copper at strain rates of 2-4x10(9) s(-1) are consistent with existing experimental data, and the polynanocrystal spall strength is found to increase rapidly at rates around 10(9) s(-1) up to the theoretical ultimate spall strength of 22.5 GPa at about 3x10(9) s(-1). C1 Inst Tech Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Snezhinsk 456770, Chelyabinsk Reg, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dremov, V (reprint author), Inst Tech Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Snezhinsk 456770, Chelyabinsk Reg, Russia. EM dean@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144110 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400030 ER PT J AU Dudiy, SV Zunger, A Felici, M Polimeni, A Capizzi, M Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Dudiy, S. V. Zunger, Alex Felici, M. Polimeni, A. Capizzi, M. Xin, H. P. Tu, C. W. TI Nitrogen-induced perturbation of the valence band states in GaP1-xNx alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; GAN(X)P1-X ALLOYS; GAP; GAASN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; CLUSTERS; ENERGY; PAIRS AB The effects of diluted nitrogen impurities on the valence- and conduction-band states of GaP1-xNx have been predicted and measured experimentally. The calculation uses state-of-the-art atomistic modeling: we use large supercells with screened pseudopotentials and consider several random realizations of the nitrogen configurations. These calculations agree with photoluminescence excitation (PLE) measurements performed for nitrogen concentrations x up to 0.035 and photon energies up to 1 eV above the GaP optical-absorption edge, as well as with published ellipsometry data. In particular, a predicted nitrogen-induced buildup of the L character near the valence- and conduction-band edges accounts for the surprising broad-absorption plateau observed in PLE between the X-1c and the Gamma(1c) critical points of GaP. Moreover, theory accounts quantitatively for the downward bowing of the indirect conduction-band edge and for the upward bowing of the direct transition with increasing nitrogen concentration. We review some of the controversies in the literature regarding the shifts in the conduction band with composition, and conclude that measured results at ultralow N concentration cannot be used to judge behavior at a higher concentration. In particular, we find that at the high concentrations of nitrogen studied here (similar to 1%) the conduction-band edge (CBE) is a hybridized state made from the original GaP X-1c band-edge state plus all cluster states. In this limit, the CBE plunges down in energy as the N concentration increases, in quantitative agreement with the measurements reported here. However, at ultralow nitrogen concentrations (< 0.1%), the CBE is the nearly unperturbed host X-1c, which does not sense the nitrogen cluster levels. Thus, this state does not move energetically as nitrogen is added and stays pinned in energy, in agreement with experimental results. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNISM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dudiy, SV (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Felici, Marco/G-2381-2010; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI POLIMENI, Antonio/0000-0002-2017-4265 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600083 ER PT J AU Fink, J Koitzsch, A Geck, J Zabolotnyy, V Knupfer, M Buchner, B Chubukov, A Berger, H AF Fink, J. Koitzsch, A. Geck, J. Zabolotnyy, V. Knupfer, M. Buechner, B. Chubukov, A. Berger, H. TI Reevaluation of the coupling to a bosonic mode of the charge carriers in (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8+delta at the antinodal point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SUPERCONDUCTING STATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LINE-SHAPE; T-C; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; EXCITATIONS; DISPERSION; SPECTRA; RENORMALIZATION AB Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is used to study the spectral function of the optimally doped high-T-c superconductor (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the vicinity of the antinodal point in the superconducting state. Using a parametrized self-energy function, it was possible to describe both the coherent and the incoherent spectral weight of the bonding and the antibonding band. The renormalization effects can be assigned to a very strong coupling to the magnetic resonance mode and at higher energies to a bandwidth renormalization by a factor of two, probably caused by a coupling to a continuum. The present reevaluation of the ARPES data allows one to come to a more reliable determination of the value of the coupling strength of the charge carriers to the mode. The experimental results for the dressing of the charge carriers are compared to theoretical models. C1 Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Mat Complex, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Fink, J (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res Dresden, POB 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RI Fink, Joerg/A-6003-2012; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165102 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700022 ER PT J AU Jellinek, J Acioli, PH Garcia-Rodeja, J Zheng, WJ Thomas, OC Bowen, KH AF Jellinek, Julius Acioli, Paulo H. Garcia-Rodeja, Juan Zheng, Weijun Thomas, Owen C. Bowen, Kit H., Jr. TI Mn-n(-) clusters: Size-induced transition to half metallicity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM CLUSTERS; MERCURY CLUSTERS; METAL AB Results of a theoretical and experimental photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) study of the size evolution of electronic properties of small Mn-n(-) clusters are presented. The agreement between the computed and measured data verifies the validity of the theoretical treatment. The theoretical analysis leads to the first prediction of nanoscale half metallicity and the size-induced transition to it. It also points to the type of experiments (spin-polarized PES) that will be able to directly verify the predicted phenomenon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NE Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jellinek@anl.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 153401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.153401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600023 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Paulauskas, I Boatner, LA Singh, DJ AF Jellison, G. E., Jr. Paulauskas, I. Boatner, L. A. Singh, D. J. TI Optical functions of KTaO3 as determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and comparison with band structure calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRICS; KNBO3 AB The optical dielectric functions for single-crystal KTaO3 are determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical transmission techniques. These results show that the lowest band gap is 3.64 eV (341 nm) with very low absorption up to 4.28 eV, indicating an indirect band gap. The ellipsometry results are analyzed using critical point analysis, which shows that there are three direct gaps at 4.35, 4.68, and 5.03 eV. The results are compared with band structure calculations determined using the local density approximation (LDA) and the Engel-Vosko generalized gradient approximation (GGA). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155130 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155130 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600070 ER PT J AU Lee, GW Evans, WJ Yoo, CS AF Lee, Geun Woo Evans, William J. Yoo, Choong-Shik TI Crystallization of water in a dynamic diamond-anvil cell: Evidence for ice VII-like local order in supercompressed water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURES; LIQUID; H2O; COMPRESSION; CRYSTAL; CURVE; PHASE; STATE; RAMAN; GPA AB We report the observation of ice VII, directly crystallized from metastably supercompressed liquid water at pressure of up to 1.8 GPa, well within the stability field of ice VI. This result is achieved by making time-resolved measurements of pressure-induced crystallization using a unique instrument, a dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which permits the measurement of pressure/time-dependent phase transformation pathways. We are able to evaluate the interfacial free energy, and find that the value for supercompressed water (SW)/ice VII is smaller than that of SW/ice VI, indicating that the local order of the SW is more similar to ice VII than ice VI. This result is consistent with recent studies, which suggest that the local order of high density water is bcc-like, as in ice VII. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 13 AR 134112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.134112 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101EY UT WOS:000241723200037 ER PT J AU Magen, C Morellon, L Arnold, Z Algarabel, PA Ritter, C Ibarra, MR Kamarad, J Tsokol, AO Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Magen, C. Morellon, L. Arnold, Z. Algarabel, P. A. Ritter, C. Ibarra, M. R. Kamarad, J. Tsokol, A. O. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Pecharsky, V. K. TI Effects of pressure on the magnetic and crystallographic structure of Er5Si4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; TRANSITION; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; REFRIGERATION; GD-5(SI2GE2); SYSTEM AB Extraordinary effects of the hydrostatic pressure on the crystallographic and magnetic properties of the Er5Si4 alloy have been examined by means of macroscopic (magnetization and linear thermal expansion) and microscopic (neutron powder diffraction) techniques. The high-temperature O(I)<-> M crystallographic transformation (observed at T-t congruent to 215 K at atmospheric pressure) shifts to low temperatures at the unexpectedly high rate of dT(t)/dP congruent to-30 K/kbar. In addition, the application of pressure induces an O(I) reentrance in the low-temperature ferromagnetic state of Er5Si4. The latter transformation (T-t2) is a reversible first-order-type structural phase transition shifting towards high temperature with pressure at a much lower rate of dT(t2)/dP congruent to+6 K/kbar. This low-temperature O(I) crystal structure has a Curie temperature higher than that of the monoclinic polymorph, pointing out the importance of the interlayer covalentlike bonding to enhance the ferromagnetic interactions in these alloys. Above similar to 6 kbar, both structural transformations collapse, yielding a stable O(I) phase throughout the whole temperature range. In light of these experimental findings, a complete P-T magnetic-crystallographic phase diagram of Er5Si4 has been constructed. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Nanociencia Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morellon, L (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM morellon@unizar.es RI Magen, Cesar/A-2825-2013; D20, Diffractometer/O-3123-2013; Arnold, Zdenek/B-2107-2012; Kamarad, Jiri/G-5880-2014; Algarabel, Pedro/K-8583-2014; Ibarra, Manuel Ricardo/K-1150-2014; OI D20, Diffractometer/0000-0002-1572-1367; Kamarad, Jiri/0000-0003-3502-9930; Algarabel, Pedro/0000-0002-4698-3378; Ibarra, Manuel Ricardo/0000-0003-0681-8260; /0000-0003-3724-508X NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 13 AR 134427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.134427 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101EY UT WOS:000241723200078 ER PT J AU Mannella, N Yang, SH Mun, BS de Abajo, FJG Kay, AW Sell, BC Watanabe, M Ohldag, H Arenholz, E Young, AT Hussain, Z Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF Mannella, N. Yang, S. -H. Mun, B. S. de Abajo, F. J. Garcia Kay, A. W. Sell, B. C. Watanabe, M. Ohldag, H. Arenholz, E. Young, A. T. Hussain, Z. Van Hove, M. A. Fadley, C. S. TI Observation and resonant x-ray optical interpretation of multi-atom resonant photoemission effects in O 1s emission from NiO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PHOTOELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; XAFS SPECTRA; DECAY; SPIN; XPS; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTITIES AB We present experimental and theoretical results for the variation of the O 1s intensity from a NiO(001) surface as the excitation energy is varied through the Ni 2p(1/2,3/2) absorption resonances, and as the incidence angle of the radiation is varied from grazing to larger values. For grazing incidence, a strong multi-atom resonant photoemission (MARPE) effect is seen on the O 1s intensity as the Ni 2p resonances are crossed, but its magnitude decreases rapidly as the incidence angle is increased. Resonant x-ray optical (RXRO) calculations are found to predict these effects very well, although the experimental effects are found to decrease at higher incidence angles faster than those in theory. The potential influence of photoelectron diffraction effects on such measurements are also considered, including experimental data with azimuthal-angle variation and corresponding multiple-scattering-diffraction calculations, but we conclude that they do not vary beyond what is expected on the basis of the change in photoelectron kinetic energy. Varying from linear polarization to circular polarization is found to enhance these effects in NiO considerably, although the reasons are not clear. We also discuss the relationship of these measurements to other related interatomic resonance experiments and theoretical developments, and make some suggestions for future studies in this area. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UPV, EHU, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, San Sebastian, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RIKEN, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Mannella, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565; NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165106 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700026 ER PT J AU Matsuura, M Hirota, K Gehring, PM Ye, ZG Chen, W Shirane, G AF Matsuura, M. Hirota, K. Gehring, P. M. Ye, Z. -G. Chen, W. Shirane, G. TI Composition dependence of the diffuse scattering in the relaxor ferroelectric compound (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (0 <= x <= 0.40) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3 AB We have used neutron diffraction to characterize the diffuse scattering in five single crystals of the relaxor ferroelectric (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (PMN-xPT) with x=0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%. The addition of ferroelectric PbTiO3 modifies the well-known "butterfly" and "ellipsoidal" diffuse scattering patterns observed in pure PMN (x=0), which are believed to be associated with the presence of randomly oriented polar nanoregions. In particular, the anisotropy of the diffuse scattering diminishes as the PT content increases. The spatial correlation length xi along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction derived from the width of the diffuse scattering at room temperature increases from 12.6 A for PMN to 350 A for PMN-20%PT. In addition, the diffuse scattering intensity at q=0 grows and reaches a maximum value around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), which suggests that it is proportional to the dielectric susceptibility. Beyond x=30%, a concentration very close to the MPB, no diffuse scattering is observed below T-C, and well-defined critical behavior appears near T-C. By contrast, the diffuse scattering for x <= 20% persists down to low temperatures, where the system retains an average cubic structure (T-C=0). Finally, the anisotropic soft transverse optic (TO) modes observed in PMN are found to be isotropic for PMN-30%PT, which strongly suggests a connection between the anisotropic diffuse scattering and the TO modes. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RI Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013; Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; OI Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144107 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400027 ER PT J AU Mawatari, Y Clem, JR AF Mawatari, Yasunori Clem, John R. TI Analytical model of the response of a superconducting film to line currents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; 3RD-HARMONIC VOLTAGE; NONDESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION; II-SUPERCONDUCTOR; INDUCTIVE METHOD; PENETRATION; STRIP; TEMPERATURE AB We theoretically investigate the response of a superconducting film to line currents flowing in linear wires placed above the film, and we present analytic expressions for the magnetic-field and current distributions based on the critical state model. The behavior of the superconducting film is characterized by the sheet-current density K-z, whose magnitude cannot exceed the critical value j(c)d, where j(c) is the critical current density and d is the thickness of the film. When the transport current I-0 flowing in the wire is small enough, parallel to K-z parallel to is smaller than j(c)d and the magnetic field is shielded below the film. When I-0 exceeds a threshold value I-c0 proportional to j(c)d, on the other hand, parallel to K-z parallel to reaches j(c)d and the magnetic field penetrates below the film. We also calculate the ac response of the film when an ac transport current flows in the linear wires. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mawatari, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144523 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400101 ER PT J AU Mo, SK Kim, HD Denlinger, JD Allen, JW Park, JH Sekiyama, A Yamasaki, A Suga, S Saitoh, Y Muro, T Metcalf, P AF Mo, S. -K. Kim, H. -D. Denlinger, J. D. Allen, J. W. Park, J. -H. Sekiyama, A. Yamasaki, A. Suga, S. Saitoh, Y. Muro, T. Metcalf, P. TI Photoemission study of (V1-xMx)(2)O-3 (M=Cr,Ti) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SURFACE; INSULATOR; VALENCE; METALS; V2O3; STATES AB We present high-resolution bulk-sensitive photoemission spectra of (V1-xMx)(2)O-3 (M=Cr,Ti). The measurements were made for the paramagnetic metal (PM), paramagnetic insulator (PI), and antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI) phases of (V1-xMx)(2)O-3 with the samples of x=0, 0.012, and 0.028 for Cr doping and x=0.01 for Ti doping. In the PM phase, we observe a prominent quasiparticle peak in general agreement with theory, which combines dynamical mean-field theory with the local density approximation (LDA+DMFT). The quasiparticle peak shows a significantly larger peak width and weight than in the theory. For both the PI and AFI phases, the vanadium 3d parts of the valence spectra are not simple one peak structures. For the PI phase, there is not yet a good theoretical understanding of these structures. The size of the electron removal gap increases, and spectral weight accumulates in the energy range closer to the chemical potential, when the PI to AFI transition occurs. Spectra taken in the same phases with different compositions show interesting monotonic changes as the dopant concentration increases, regardless of the dopant species. With increased Cr-doping, the AFI phase gap decreases and the PI phase gap increases. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Mat Phys, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Synchrotron Radiat Res, Sayo, Hyogo 6795143, Japan. Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795143, Japan. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mo, SK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165101 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700021 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, TC Wen, XG AF Ribeiro, Tiago C. Wen, Xiao-Gang TI Doped carrier formulation and mean-field theory of the tt ' t '' J model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; QUASI-PARTICLE DISPERSION; VALENCE BOND STATE; HUBBARD-MODEL; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SINGLE-HOLE AB In the generalized-tJ model the effect of a large local Coulomb repulsion is accounted for by restricting the Hilbert space to states with at most one electron per site. In this case the electronic system can be viewed in terms of holes hopping in a lattice of correlated spins, where holes are the carriers doped into the half-filled Mott insulator. To explicitly capture the interplay between the hole dynamics and local spin correlations we derive a formulation of the generalized-tJ model where doped carrier operators are used instead of the original electron operators. This "doped carrier" formulation provides a starting point to address doped spin systems, and we use it to develop a fully fermionic, mean-field description of doped Mott insulators. This mean-field approach reveals a mechanism for superconductivity-namely, spinon-dopon mixing-and we apply it to the tt(')t(')J model as of interest to high-temperature superconductors. In particular, we use model parameters borrowed from band calculations and from fitting angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data to obtain a mean-field phase diagram that reproduces semiquantitatively that of hole- and electron-doped cuprates. The mean-field approach hereby presented accounts for the local antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting correlations which, we show, provide a rational for the role of t(') and t(') in strengthening superconductivity as expected by experiments and other theoretical approaches. As we discuss how t, t('), and t(') affect the phase diagram, we also comment on possible scenarios to understand the differences between as-grown and oxygen-reduced electron-doped samples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ribeiro, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 81 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155113 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600053 ER PT J AU Satishkumar, BC Goupalov, SV Haroz, EH Doorn, SK AF Satishkumar, B. C. Goupalov, S. V. Haroz, E. H. Doorn, S. K. TI Transition level dependence of Raman intensities in carbon nanotubes: Role of exciton decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; SPECTRA AB We present a direct comparison of intensities of Raman scattering from the radial breathing mode of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes under excitations resonant with different electronic transitions. Incident light frequency in our experiments is tuned to be resonant with either E(11) or E(22) transitions. We find that the difference in measured Raman intensities varies from one to several orders of magnitude, depending on the nanotube chiralities. The results are interpreted using the recently developed model for chirality dependence of the Raman cross section and taking into account the difference in decay rates for the exciton states excited by the E(11) and E(22) transitions. From our data it follows that the exciton state excited by the E(22) transition decays 3 to 10 times faster than the state excited by the E(11) transition. This conclusion is supported by the observation that E(22) Raman excitation profile linewidths are significantly broadened compared to those for E(11) excitation, which show a two-peak structure. These results provide additional evidence that dark excitonic states and trapping sites may contribute strongly to observed emission decay rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155409 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600119 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Jellison, GE Boatner, LA AF Singh, D. J. Jellison, G. E., Jr. Boatner, L. A. TI Electronic structure of Pb- and non-Pb-based phosphate scintillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD PYROPHOSPHATE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ELLIPSOMETRY; TRANSITION; PB2P2O7; SCPO4; LUPO4; GLASS; YPO4 AB The electronic structures of Pb and non-Pb containing phosphates, specifically Pb(3)(PO(4))(2), Pb(2)P(2)O(7), ScPO(4), YPO(4), and LuPO(4), are compared using a combination of density functional calculations and optical measurements. We find that the characteristic difference between these two classes is that the band gaps in the Pb containing materials are significantly lower because of the presence of Pb 6p derived bands in the gap between the valence bands and the P-O antibonding states. This may be favorable from the point of view of energy transfer in scintillator applications of Pb-based phosphates. However, it also suggests that different activators than those used in other phosphate scintillators may be useful to increase the efficiency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 15 AR 155126 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155126 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FB UT WOS:000241723600066 ER PT J AU Svane, A Christensen, NE Petit, L Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM AF Svane, A. Christensen, N. E. Petit, L. Szotek, Z. Temmerman, W. M. TI Electronic structure of rare-earth impurities in GaAs and GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; EU-DOPED GAN; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FERROMAGNETISM; TRANSITION AB The electronic structures of substitutional rare-earth (RE) impurities in GaAs and cubic GaN are calculated. The total energy is evaluated with the self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation, by which several configurations of the open 4f shell of the rare-earth ion are investigated. The defects are modeled by supercells of type REGan-1Asn, for n=4, 8, and 16. The preferred defect is the rare-earth substituting Ga, for which case the rare-earth valency in intrinsic material is found to be trivalent. The 3+-> 2+ f-level is found above the theoretical conduction band edge in all cases and within the experimental gap only for Eu, Tm, and Yb in GaAs and for Eu in GaN. The exchange interaction of the rare-earth impurity with the states at both the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum is weak, one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that of Mn impurities. Hence the coupling strength is insufficient to allow for ferromagnetic ordering of dilute impurities, except at very low temperatures. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Svane, A (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Pk 240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; OI Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 76 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165204 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700046 ER PT J AU Tsoi, S Lu, X Ramdas, AK Alawadhi, H Grimsditch, M Cardona, M Lauck, R AF Tsoi, S. Lu, X. Ramdas, A. K. Alawadhi, H. Grimsditch, M. Cardona, M. Lauck, R. TI Isotopic-mass dependence of the A, B, and C excitonic band gaps in ZnO at low temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDIRECT ENERGY-GAP; SPATIAL-DISPERSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALS; DIAMOND; TRANSMISSION; REFLECTANCE; GERMANIUM AB Low temperature wavelength-modulated reflectivity measurements of isotopically engineered ZnO samples have yielded the dependence of their A, B, and C excitonic band gaps on the isotopic masses of Zn and O. The observed dependence is analyzed in terms of the band gap renormalization by zero-point vibrations via electron-phonon interaction and the volume dependence on isotopic mass. A simplified, two-oscillator model, employed in the analysis, yields zero-point renormalizations of the band gaps, -154 +/- 14 meV (A), -145 +/- 12 meV (B), and -169 +/- 14 meV (C), for ZnO with natural isotopic composition. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Tsoi, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165203 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700045 ER PT J AU Wilson, SD Li, SL Dai, PC Bao, W Chung, JH Kang, HJ Lee, SH Komiya, S Ando, Y Si, QM AF Wilson, Stephen D. Li, Shiliang Dai, Pengcheng Bao, Wei Chung, Jae-Ho Kang, H. J. Lee, Seung-Hun Komiya, Seiki Ando, Yoichi Si, Qimiao TI Evolution of low-energy spin dynamics in the electron-doped high-transition-temperature superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRITICAL-POINT; METALS; EXCITATIONS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; BEHAVIOR; PR2CUO4; ORDER; STATE; PR AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to explore the evolution of the low energy spin dynamics in the electron-doped cuprate Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta (PLCCO) as the system is tuned from its nonsuperconducting, as-grown antiferromagnetic (AF) state into an optimally doped superconductor (T-c approximate to 24 K) without static AF order. The low-temperature, low-energy response of the spin excitations in underdoped samples is coupled to the presence of the AF phase, whereas the low-energy magnetic response for samples near optimal T-c exhibits spin fluctuations surprisingly insensitive to the sample temperature. This evolution of the low-energy excitations is consistent with the influence of a quantum critical point in the phase diagram of PLCCO associated with the suppression of the static AF order. We carried out scaling analysis of the data and discuss the influence of quantum critical dynamics in the observed excitation spectrum. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144514 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400092 ER PT J AU Wright, AF AF Wright, A. F. TI Density-functional-theory calculations for the silicon vacancy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POINT-DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; COMPENSATION AB The atomic configurations and formation energies of a silicon vacancy in the +2, +1, 0, -1, and -2 charge states have been computed using density-functional theory with norm-conserving pseudopotentials and a plane wave basis. Calculations were performed in simple cubic supercells using two different forms of exchange and correlation: the local-density approximation (LDA) and the Perdew, Burke, Ernzerhof formulation of the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA). Convergence with respect to Brillouin zone sampling was tested for all charge states, and effects due to electrostatic interactions between the periodically repeated vacancies were removed by extrapolating the formation energies obtained in 215-, 511-, and 999-atom supercells to an infinite sized supercell. In agreement with experimental results, the GGA yielded a configuration with C-2v symmetry in the -1 charge state, whereas the LDA yielded D-3d symmetry. Transition energies between the charge states were also computed. The experimentally observed negative-U behavior of the donor states was reproduced in the GGA results, but not in the LDA results. Both the LDA and GGA predict negative-U behavior for the acceptor states. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, AF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165116 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700036 ER PT J AU Ye, F Zhou, L Meyer, SA Shelton, LJ Belanger, DP Lu, L Larochelle, S Greven, M AF Ye, F. Zhou, L. Meyer, S. A. Shelton, L. J. Belanger, D. P. Lu, L. Larochelle, S. Greven, M. TI Quasistationary criticality of the order parameter of the three-dimensional random-field Ising antiferromagnet Fe0.85Zn0.15F2: A synchrotron x-ray scattering study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MODEL SYSTEMS; FE0.93ZN0.07F2; MAGNETIZATION; SIMULATIONS; MANGANITES AB The critical exponent beta=0.17 +/- 0.01, where the quoted statistical error is from fits to the data, has been determined for the three-dimensional random-field Ising model (RFIM) order parameter upon zero-field cooling (ZFC) using extinction-free magnetic x-ray scattering techniques for Fe0.85Zn0.15F2. This result is consistent with other exponents determined for the RFIM in that Rushbrooke scaling is satisfied. Nevertheless, there is poor agreement with equilibrium computer simulations, and the ZFC results do not agree with field-cooling results. We present details of hysteresis in Bragg scattering amplitudes and line shapes that help elucidate the effects of thermal cycling in the RFIM, as realized in dilute antiferromagnets in an applied field. We show that the ZFC critical-like behavior is consistent with a second-order phase transitions, albeit quasistationary rather than truly equilibrium in nature, as evident from the large thermal hysteresis observed near the transition. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ye, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 14 AR 144431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144431 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FA UT WOS:000241723400075 ER PT J AU Yu, ZG He, J Xu, SF Xue, QZ van't Erve, OMJ Jonker, BT Marcus, MA Yoo, YK Cheng, SF Xiang, XD AF Yu, Z. G. He, Jun Xu, Shifa Xue, Qizhen van't Erve, O. M. J. Jonker, B. T. Marcus, M. A. Yoo, Young K. Cheng, Shifan Xiang, Xiao-dong TI Origin of ferromagnetism in semiconducting (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; HALL; CRYSTALS; ZNO; CU AB We systematically measure and analyze x-ray absorption fine structure and the anomalous Hall effect of recently discovered room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor thin films, (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma. The x-ray fine structure demonstrates that divalent Fe ions exist in ferromagnetic samples but not in nonmagnetic ones, suggesting a mobile-electron-mediated ferromagnetism. The anomalous Hall behavior is found to be consistent with that of ferromagnets, in which carriers are delocalized, but qualitatively different from that of double-exchange manganites, in which carriers are bound to magnetic ions, confirming that the ferromagnetism in (In1-x-yFexCuy)(2)O3-sigma is mediated by mobile electrons. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Intematix Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiang, XD (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM xdxiang@intematix.com RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 16 AR 165321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165321 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 101FC UT WOS:000241723700073 ER PT J AU Bardayan, DW Howard, JA Blackmon, JC Brune, CR Chae, KY Hix, WR Johnson, MS Jones, KL Kozub, RL Liang, JF Lingerfelt, EJ Livesay, RJ Pain, SD Scott, JP Smith, MS Thomas, JS Visser, DW AF Bardayan, D. W. Howard, J. A. Blackmon, J. C. Brune, C. R. Chae, K. Y. Hix, W. R. Johnson, M. S. Jones, K. L. Kozub, R. L. Liang, J. F. Lingerfelt, E. J. Livesay, R. J. Pain, S. D. Scott, J. P. Smith, M. S. Thomas, J. S. Visser, D. W. TI Astrophysically important Si-26 states studied with the Si-28(p,t)Si-26 reaction. II. Spin of the 5.914-MeV Si-26 level and galactic Al-26 production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE ION-BEAMS; REACTION-RATES; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NUCLEI; GALAXY AB The Si-28(p,t)Si-26 reaction has been studied to resolve a controversy surrounding the properties of the Si-26 level at 5.914 MeV and its contribution to the Al-25(p,gamma)Si-26 reaction rate in novae, which affects interpretations of galactic Al-26 observations. Recent studies have come to contradictory conclusions regarding the spin of this level (0(+) or 3(+)), with a 3(+) assignment implying a large contribution by this level to the Al-25(p,gamma)Si-26 reaction rate. We have extended our previous study [Bardayan , Phys. Rev. C 65, 032801(R) (2002)] to smaller angles and find the angular distribution of tritons populating the 5.914-MeV level in the Si-28(p,t)Si-26 reaction to be consistent with either a 2(+) or 3(+) assignment. We have calculated reaction rates under these assumptions and used them in a nova nucleosynthesis model to examine the effects of the remaining uncertainties in the Al-25(p,gamma)Si-26 rate on Al-26 production in novae. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Visser, Dale/A-8117-2009; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011 OI Visser, Dale/0000-0002-2891-4731; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 045804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.045804 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800056 ER PT J AU Carlton, RF Baker, C Harvey, JA AF Carlton, R. F. Baker, C. Harvey, J. A. TI High-resolution transmission measurements for Cr-54+n SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; NEUTRON-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LEVEL SPACINGS; PHYSICS; SCATTERING; MATRICES; MODELS AB Neutron total cross-section measurements on Cr-54 up to a neutron energy of 2 MeV have been analyzed to deduce resonance parameters as well as spins and parities. Neutron strength functions have been deduced, based on data in the energy range 20-1000 keV, for s-, p-, and d-wave interactions and, in units of (10(-4)), are 2.8 +/- 0.9, 0.23 +/- 0.06, and 4.4 +/- 0.7, respectively. Corresponding level densities in units of keV(-1)are 0.025 +/- 0.003, 0.032 +/- 0.003, and 0.107 +/- 0.006, respectively. The distribution of nearest-neighbor spacings for s waves has been compared to Poisson and Wigner predictions for both Cr-54 and Cr-52. Hints are seen of greater chaotic behavior in the case of the closed-neutron-shell Cr-52 and of regular dynamics for Cr-54, suggestive of changes in chaoticity of nuclear dynamics with shell closure. C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Carlton, RF (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044614 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044614 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800035 ER PT J AU Gade, A Janssens, RVF Bazin, D Brown, BA Campbell, CM Carpenter, MP Cook, JM Deacon, AN Dinca, DC Freeman, SJ Glasmacher, T Horoi, M Kay, BP Mantica, PF Mueller, WF Terry, JR Tostevin, JA Zhu, S AF Gade, A. Janssens, R. V. F. Bazin, D. Brown, B. A. Campbell, C. M. Carpenter, M. P. Cook, J. M. Deacon, A. N. Dinca, D. -C. Freeman, S. J. Glasmacher, T. Horoi, M. Kay, B. P. Mantica, P. F. Mueller, W. F. Terry, J. R. Tostevin, J. A. Zhu, S. TI One-neutron knockout in the vicinity of the N=32 sub-shell closure: Be-9(Cr-57,Cr-56+gamma)X SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL NUCLEI; EXOTIC NUCLEI; MODEL; EXCITATION; ENERGIES; BEAMS; MASS AB The one-neutron knockout reaction Be-9(Cr-57,Cr-56+gamma)X has been measured in inverse kinematics with an intermediate-energy beam. Cross sections to individual states in Cr-56 were partially untangled through the detection of the characteristic gamma-ray transitions in coincidence with the reaction residues. The experimental inclusive longitudinal momentum distribution and the yields to individual states are compared to calculations that combine spectroscopic factors from the full fp shell model and nucleon-removal cross sections computed in a few-body eikonal approach. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP Gade, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Gade, Alexandra/A-6850-2008; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Glasmacher, Thomas/C-4462-2008; Campbell, Christopher/B-9429-2008; Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Kay, Benjamin/F-3291-2011 OI Gade, Alexandra/0000-0001-8825-0976; Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Kay, Benjamin/0000-0002-7438-0208 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 047302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.047302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800064 ER PT J AU Gregorich, KE Gates, JM Dullmann, CE Sudowe, R Nelson, SL Garcia, MA Dragojevic, I Folden, CM Neumann, SH Hoffman, DC Nitsche, H AF Gregorich, K. E. Gates, J. M. Duellmann, Ch. E. Sudowe, R. Nelson, S. L. Garcia, M. A. Dragojevic, I. Folden, C. M., III Neumann, S. H. Hoffman, D. C. Nitsche, H. TI New isotope (264)Sg and decay properties of (262-264)Sg SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION; NUCLEAR AB New isotope, (264)Sg, was identified using the U-238(Si-30, xn)(268-x)Sg reaction and excitation functions for (262-264)Sg were measured. (264)Sg decays by spontaneous fission with a half-life of 37(-11)(+27) ms. The spontaneous fission branch for 0.9-s (263)Sg was measured for the first time and found to be (13 +/- 8)%. (262)Sg decays by spontaneous fission with a 15(-3)(+5) ms half-life. Spontaneous fission partial half-life systematics are evaluated for even-even Sg isotopes from (258)Sg through (266)Sg, spanning the transition region between the N=152,Z=100 and N=162,Z=108 deformed shells. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Aachen Univ Appl Sci, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, D-52428 Julich, Germany. RP Gregorich, KE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015 OI Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044611 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800032 ER PT J AU Loveland, W Peterson, D Vinodkumar, AM Sprunger, PH Shapira, D Liang, JF Souliotis, GA Morrissey, DJ Lofy, P AF Loveland, W. Peterson, D. Vinodkumar, A. M. Sprunger, P. H. Shapira, D. Liang, J. F. Souliotis, G. A. Morrissey, D. J. Lofy, P. TI Fusion enhancement in the S-38+Pb-208 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; ISOTOPIC DEPENDENCE; FISSION; NUCLEI; EMISSION AB The capture-fission cross section was measured for the reaction of S-38 with Pb-208 for center-of-mass projectile energies E-cm of 160-265 MeV. The S-38 beam was prepared by projectile fragmentation at the NSCL at higher energies and degraded to 4-7 MeV/nucleon. The time of flight (energy) of each interacting beam particle was measured along with the fission fragments. The data were compared to previous measurements of the capture-fission excitation function for the S-32+Pb-208 reaction. The interaction barrier for the S-38-induced reaction is 16.1 +/- 10.1 MeV lower than the S-32-induced reaction whereas the reduced excitation functions for the two reactions are similar. A discussion of the systematics of barrier shifts in the fusion of n-rich nuclei is given and the implications of this shift for the synthesis of heavy nuclei with radioactive beams are discussed. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Loveland, W (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Attukalathil, Vinodkumar/A-7441-2009 OI Attukalathil, Vinodkumar/0000-0002-8204-7800 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044607 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800028 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Sagaidak, RN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Voinov, AA Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Subotic, K Zagrebaev, VI Vostokin, GK Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Patin, JB Shaughnessy, DA Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Wilk, PA Kenneally, JM Landrum, JH Wild, JF Lougheed, RW AF Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Utyonkov, V. K. Lobanov, Yu. V. Abdullin, F. Sh. Polyakov, A. N. Sagaidak, R. N. Shirokovsky, I. V. Tsyganov, Yu. S. Voinov, A. A. Gulbekian, G. G. Bogomolov, S. L. Gikal, B. N. Mezentsev, A. N. Iliev, S. Subbotin, V. G. Sukhov, A. M. Subotic, K. Zagrebaev, V. I. Vostokin, G. K. Itkis, M. G. Moody, K. J. Patin, J. B. Shaughnessy, D. A. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Wilk, P. A. Kenneally, J. M. Landrum, J. H. Wild, J. F. Lougheed, R. W. TI Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the Cf-249 and Cm-245+Ca-48 fusion reactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION; MASSES; DUBNA AB The decay properties of (290)116 and (291)116, and the dependence of their production cross sections on the excitation energies of the compound nucleus, (293)116, have been measured in the Cm-245 (Ca-48, xn)(293-x)116 reaction. These isotopes of element 116 are the decay daughters of element 118 isotopes, which are produced via the Cf-249+Ca-48 reaction. We performed the element 118 experiment at two projectile energies, corresponding to (297)118 compound nucleus excitation energies of E-*=29.2 +/- 2.5 and 34.4 +/- 2.3 MeV. During an irradiation with a total beam dose of 4.1x10(19) Ca-48 projectiles, three similar decay chains consisting of two or three consecutive alpha decays and terminated by a spontaneous fission (SF) with high total kinetic energy of about 230 MeV were observed. The three decay chains originated from the even-even isotope (294)118 (E-alpha=11.65 +/- 0.06 MeV, T-alpha=0.89(-0.31)(+1.07) ms) produced in the 3n-evaporation channel of the Cf-249+Ca-48 reaction with a maximum cross section of 0.5(-0.3)(+1.6) pb. C1 Joint Nucl Res Inst, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna 141980, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Nucl Res Inst, Theoret Phys Lab, Dubna 141980, Russia. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008 NR 32 TC 389 Z9 406 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800023 ER PT J AU Randrup, J Cleymans, J AF Randrup, J. Cleymans, J. TI Maximum freeze-out baryon density in nuclear collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB Using simple parametrizations of the thermodynamic freeze-out parameters extracted from the data over a wide beam-energy range, we reexpress the hadronic freeze-out line in terms of the underlying dynamic quantities, the net baryon density rho(B) and the energy density epsilon, which are subject to local conservation laws. This analysis reveals that rho(B) exhibits a maximum as the collision energy is decreased. This maximum freeze-out density has mu=400-500 MeV, which is above the critical value, and it is reached for a fixed-target bombarding energy of 20-30 GeV/nucleon. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 047901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.047901 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800068 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Montero, M Sarantites, DG Pechenaya, OL Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Frauendorf, SG AF Reviol, W. Chiara, C. J. Montero, M. Sarantites, D. G. Pechenaya, O. L. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Frauendorf, S. G. TI Multiple octupole-type band structures in Th-220: Reflection-asymmetric tidal waves? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN; CONTRASTING BEHAVIOR; NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; STATES; GAMMASPHERE; THORIUM; SHAPES; RA-218 AB The Th-220 level scheme has been considerably extended from an experiment using the Mg-26+Pt-198 reaction at 128 MeV. The evaporation residues from this very fissile system were selected with the HERCULES detector system and residue-gated gamma rays were measured with Gammasphere. The simplex feature (alternating-parity levels) persists up to the highest spins observed (23h), but the nucleus exhibits a more vibrational-like behavior than the heavier Th isotopes. In addition, a doubling of the negative-parity, odd-spin states is seen as well as a staggering of the B(E1)/B(E2) ratios. A new interpretation based on a picture of tidal waves on a reflection-asymmetric nuclear surface is proposed. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044305 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800011 ER PT J AU Rios, MG Casperson, RJ Krane, KS Norman, EB AF Rios, M. G. Casperson, R. J. Krane, K. S. Norman, E. B. TI Neutron capture cross sections of Gd-148 and the decay of Gd-149 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The thermal cross section and resonance integral were measured for radiative neutron capture by radioactive Gd-148. The deduced values are sigma=9600 +/- 900 b and I=28,200 +/- 2300. We also deduced upper limits for the n,p and n, alpha cross sections, respectively, 0.25 b and 13 b. The gamma-ray spectrum from the decay of Gd-149 was studied in singles mode at high resolution to verify the previously determined energies and intensities. From the latter measurements, new transitions are proposed and upper limits are deduced for previously reported transitions. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rios, MG (reprint author), Advanstar Commun, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 044302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044302 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800008 ER PT J AU Steiner, AW AF Steiner, Andrew W. TI High-density symmetry energy and direct Urca process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC NUCLEAR-MATTER; NEUTRON-STARS; FIELD THEORY; STATE; EQUATION; MODELS; MASSES AB The symmetry energy of nucleonic matter is usually assumed to be quadratic in the isospin density. While this may be justified at subsaturation densities, there is no need to enforce this restriction at supersaturation densities. The presence of a quartic term can strongly modify the critical density for the direct Urca process which leads to faster cooling of neutron stars. Neutron star cooling predictions which lie below the observational data can, for some equations of state, be repaired with a quartic term which effectively turns off the direct Urca process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steiner, AW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Steiner, Andrew/0000-0003-2478-4017 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 045808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.045808 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 101FD UT WOS:000241723800060 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carrillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P de Cecco, S Deisher, A de Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prokoshin, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptochos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ranjan, N Rappoccio, S Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wuthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waschke, S Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Ambrose, D. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arguin, J. -F. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Belforte, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Budroni, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carrillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciljak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Cyr, D. DaRonco, S. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. D'Onofrio, M. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. DiTuro, P. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Donega, M. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Foland, A. Forrester, S. Foster, G. W. Franklin, M. 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Sfyrla, A. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Sjolin, J. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sun, H. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Takikawa, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuchiya, R. Tsuno, S. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Unverhau, T. Uozumi, S. Usynin, D. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wuthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waschke, S. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV in the all hadronic decay mode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; CDF AB We report a measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The analysis is performed using 311 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV. The data consist of events selected with six or more hadronic jets with additional kinematic requirements. At least one of these jets must be identified as a b-quark jet by the reconstruction of a secondary vertex. The cross section is measured to be sigma(t (t) over bar)=7.5 +/- 2.1(stat.)(-2.2)(+3.3)(syst.)(-0.4)(+0.5)(lumi.) pb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7585,LPNHE, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013 OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 072005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.072005 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900011 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Acosta, D Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Ben Haim, E Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Boccio, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, 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Jun, SY Junk, TR Kamon, T Kang, J Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Martin, A Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Matsunaga, H 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using lepton plus jets events with jet probability b-tagging SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PBARP COLLISIONS; CDF; UPGRADE; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section using events with one charged lepton and jets from p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. A b-tagging algorithm based on the probability of displaced tracks coming from the event interaction vertex is applied to identify b quarks from top decay. Using 318 pb(-1) of data collected with the CDF II detector, we measure the t (t) over bar production cross section in events with at least one restrictive (tight) b-tagged jet and obtain 8.9(-1.0)(+1.0)(stat)(-1.0)(+1.1)(syst) pb. The cross section value assumes a top quark mass of m(t)=178 GeV/c(2) in the acceptance corrections. The dependence of the cross section on m(t) is presented in the paper. This result is consistent with other CDF measurements of the t (t) over bar cross section using different samples and analysis techniques, and has similar systematic uncertainties. We have also performed consistency checks by using the b-tagging probability function to vary the signal-to-background ratio and also using events that have at least two b-tagged jets. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7585, IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sez Roma 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 44 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p(p)over-bar interactions at root S=1.96 TeV using a cone-based jet algorithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLUONS AB We present a measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p (p) over bar interactions at root s>=1.96 TeV using 385 pb(-1) of data collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The results are obtained using an improved cone-based jet algorithm (Midpoint). The data cover the jet transverse momentum range from 61 to 620 GeV/c, extending the reach by almost 150 GeV/c compared with previous measurements at the Tevatron. The results are in good agreement with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions using the CTEQ6.1M parton distribution functions. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 071103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.071103 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900003 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Newby, J Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Jamel, A. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chi, C. Y. Chiba, J. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. d'Enterria, D. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fukao, Y. Fung, S. -Y. Gadrat, S. Germain, M. Glenn, A. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gustafsson, H. -A. Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Hartouni, E. P. Harvey, M. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. He, X. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Katou, K. Kawabata, T. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lajoie, J. G. Le Bornec, Y. Lebedev, A. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Li, X. H. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McGaughey, P. L. Miake, Y. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Nakamura, T. Newby, J. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Penev, V. Peng, J. -C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qualls, J. M. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shimomura, M. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Sullivan, J. P. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V-N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Veszpremi, V. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. White, S. N. Willis, N. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Xie, W. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Jet properties from dihadron correlations in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; INCLUSIVE PROCESSES; HADRON SPECTRA; QUARK JETS; GLUON; QCD; PARTICLES; FRAGMENTATION; DETECTORS AB The properties of jets produced in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV are measured using the method of two-particle correlations. The trigger particle is a leading particle from a large transverse momentum jet while the associated particle comes from either the same jet or the away-side jet. Analysis of the angular width of the near-side peak in the correlation function determines the jet-fragmentation transverse momentum j(T). The extracted value, root < j(T)(2)>=585 +/- 6(stat)+/- 15(sys) MeV/c, is constant with respect to the trigger particle transverse momentum, and comparable to the previous lower root s measurements. The width of the away-side peak is shown to be a convolution of j(T) with the fragmentation variable, z, and the partonic transverse momentum, k(T). The < z > is determined through a combined analysis of the measured pi(0) inclusive and associated spectra using jet-fragmentation functions measured in e(+)e(-) collisions. The final extracted values of k(T) are then determined to also be independent of the trigger particle transverse momentum, over the range measured, with value of root < k(T)(2)>=2.68 +/- 0.07(stat)+/- 0.34(sys) GeV/c. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Paricle & Nucl Phys, MTA FKKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Regio, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul 151, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, CNRS IN2P3, Ecole Mines, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 53 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.072002 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900008 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Balin, D Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capiluppi, M Capitani, GP Chen, T Chen, X Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF Deconinck, W De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Diefenthaler, M Di Nezza, P Dreschler, J Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Funel, A Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Grebeniouk, O Gregor, IM Hadjidakis, C Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Hristova, I Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Keri, T Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kobayashi, T Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Kravchenko, P Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lorenzon, W Lu, H Lu, J Lu, S Lu, X Ma, BQ Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Manaenkov, SI Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Michler, T Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Murray, M Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Pickert, N Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schafer, A Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Sommer, W Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, PB van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Volmer, J Wang, S Wendland, J Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A. Akopov, N. Akopov, Z. Amarian, M. Andrus, A. Aschenauer, E. C. Augustyniak, W. Avakian, R. Avetissian, A. Avetissian, E. Bailey, P. Balin, D. Beckmann, M. Belostotski, S. Bianchi, N. Blok, H. P. Boettcher, H. Borissov, A. Borysenko, A. Bouwhuis, M. Bruell, A. Bryzgalov, V. Capiluppi, M. Capitani, G. P. Chen, T. Chen, X. Chiang, H. C. Ciullo, G. Contalbrigo, M. Dalpiaz, P. F. Deconinck, W. De Leo, R. Demey, M. De Nardo, L. De Sanctis, E. Devitsin, E. Diefenthaler, M. Di Nezza, P. Dreschler, J. Dueren, M. Ehrenfried, M. Elalaoui-Moulay, A. Elbakian, G. Ellinghaus, F. Elschenbroich, U. Fabbri, R. Fantoni, A. Felawka, L. Frullani, S. Funel, A. Gapienko, G. Gapienko, V. Garibaldi, F. Garrow, K. Gavrilov, G. Gharibyan, V. Grebeniouk, O. Gregor, I. M. Hadjidakis, C. Hafidi, K. Hartig, M. Hasch, D. Hesselink, W. H. A. Hillenbrand, A. Hoek, M. Holler, Y. Hommez, B. Hristova, I. Iarygin, G. Ivanilov, A. Izotov, A. Jackson, H. E. Jgoun, A. Kaiser, R. Keri, T. Kinney, E. Kisselev, A. Kobayashi, T. Kopytin, M. Korotkov, V. Kozlov, V. Krauss, B. Kravchenko, P. Krivokhijine, V. G. Lagamba, L. Lapikas, L. Laziev, A. Lenisa, P. Liebing, P. Linden-Levy, L. A. Lorenzon, W. Lu, H. Lu, J. Lu, S. Lu, X. Ma, B. -Q. Maiheu, B. Makins, N. C. R. Manaenkov, S. I. Mao, Y. Marianski, B. Marukyan, H. Masoli, F. Mexner, V. Meyners, N. Michler, T. Mikloukho, O. Miller, C. A. Miyachi, Y. Muccifora, V. Murray, M. Nagaitsev, A. Nappi, E. Naryshkin, Y. Negodaev, M. Nowak, W. -D. Oganessyan, K. Ohsuga, H. Osborne, A. Pickert, N. Potterveld, D. H. Raithel, M. Reggiani, D. Reimer, P. E. Reischl, A. Reolon, A. R. Riedl, C. Rith, K. Rosner, G. Rostomyan, A. Rubacek, L. Rubin, J. Ryckbosch, D. Salomatin, Y. Sanjiev, I. Savin, I. Schaefer, A. Schnell, G. Schueler, K. P. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Seitz, B. Shearer, C. Shibata, T. -A. Shutov, V. Sinram, K. Sommer, W. Stancari, M. Statera, M. Steffens, E. Steijger, J. J. M. Stenzel, H. Stewart, J. Stinzing, F. Tait, P. Tanaka, H. Taroian, S. Tchuiko, B. Terkulov, A. Trzcinski, A. Tytgat, M. Vandenbroucke, A. van der Nat, P. B. van der Steenhoven, G. van Haarlem, Y. Vikhrov, V. Vincter, M. G. Vogel, C. Volmer, J. Wang, S. Wendland, J. Ye, Y. Ye, Z. Yen, S. Zihlmann, B. Zupranski, P. CA HERMES Collaboration TI Longitudinal spin transfer to the Lambda hyperon in semiinclusive deep-inelastic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON STORAGE-RING; (LAMBDA)OVER-BAR POLARIZATION; HERA; POLARIMETER; DECAYS AB The transfer of polarization from a high-energy positron to a Lambda(0) hyperon produced in semiinclusive deep-inelastic scattering has been measured. The data have been obtained by the HERMES experiment at DESY using the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarized positron beam of the HERA collider and unpolarized gas targets internal to the positron (electron) storage ring. The longitudinal spin-transfer coefficient is found to be D-LL'(Lambda)=0.11 +/- 0.10(stat)+/- 0.03(syst) at an average fractional energy carried by the Lambda(0) hyperon < z >=0.45. The dependence of D-LL('Lambda) on both the fractional energy z and the fractional longitudinal momentum x(F) is presented. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Deconinck, Wouter/F-4054-2012; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; Taroian, Sarkis/E-1668-2014; Lyu, Xiao-Rui/H-4080-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015 OI Lyu, Xiao-Rui/0000-0001-5689-9578; NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. 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TI Search for the decay of a B-0 or (B)over-bar(0) meson to (K)over-bar(*0)K(0) or K-*0(K)over-bar(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; JETS AB We present a search for the decay of a B-0 or (B) over bar (0) meson to a (K) over bar K-*0(0) or K-*0(K) over bar (0) final state, using a sample of approximately 232x10(6) B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAC. The measured branching fraction is B(B-0 ->(K) over bar K-*0(0))+B(B-0 -> K-*0(K) over bar (0))=(0.2(-0.8-0.3)(+0.9+0.1))x10(-6). We obtain the following upper limit for the branching fraction at 90% confidence level: B(B-0 ->(K) over bar K-*0(0))+B(B-0 -> K-*0(K) over bar (0))< 1.9x10(-6). We use our result to constrain the standard model prediction for the deviation of the CP asymmetry in B-0 ->phi K-0 from sin2 beta. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 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RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Vazquez, W. Panduro Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Le Diberder, F. Lepeltier, V. Lutz, A. M. Oyanguren, A. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Cheng, C. H. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. George, K. A. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Ricciardi, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. Naisbit, M. T. Williams, J. C. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Allmendinger, T. Benelli, G. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Rahimi, A. M. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Benayoun, M. Chauveau, J. Briand, H. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. John, M. J. J. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Roos, L. Therin, G. Gladney, L. Panetta, J. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Bucci, F. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Judd, D. Wagoner, D. E. Biesiada, J. Danielson, N. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Tehrani, F. Safai Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. De Groot, N. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Cristinziani, M. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Weaver, M. Weinstein, A. J. R. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for B+-> X(3872)K+, X(3872)-> J/psi gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB In a study of B+-> J/psi gamma K+ decays, we find evidence for the radiative decay X(3872)-> J/psi gamma with a statistical significance of 3.4 sigma. We measure the product of branching fractions B(B+-> X(3872)K+)center dot B(X(3872)-> J/psi gamma)=(3.3 +/- 1.0 +/- 0.3)x10(-6), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also measure the branching fraction B(B+->chi K-c1(+))=(4.9 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.4)x10(-4). These results are obtained from (287 +/- 3) million B (B) over bar decays collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B Factory at SLAC. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karachi, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008 OI Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662 NR 28 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 071101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.071101 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900001 ER PT J AU Aybat, SM Dixon, LJ Sterman, G AF Aybat, S. Mert Dixon, Lance J. Sterman, George TI Two-loop soft anomalous dimension matrix and resummation at next-to-next-to-leading poles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ABELIAN GAUGE-THEORIES; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; QUARK FORM-FACTOR; QCD CORRECTIONS; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; GLUON SCATTERING; WILSON LOOPS; HIGH-ENERGY AB We extend the resummation of dimensionally regulated amplitudes to next-to-next-to-leading poles. This requires the calculation of two-loop anomalous dimension matrices for color mixing through soft gluon exchange. Remarkably, we find that they are proportional to the corresponding one-loop matrices. Using the color-generator notation, we reproduce the two-loop single-pole quantities H-(2) introduced by Catani for quark and gluon elastic scattering. Our results also make possible threshold and a variety of other resummations at next-to-next-to-leading logarithm. All of these considerations apply to 2 -> n processes with massless external lines. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Aybat, SM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 65 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 074004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.074004 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900032 ER PT J AU Barger, V Dierckxsens, M Diwan, M Huber, P Lewis, C Marfatia, D Viren, B AF Barger, V. Dierckxsens, M. Diwan, M. Huber, P. Lewis, C. Marfatia, D. Viren, B. TI Precision physics with a wide band super neutrino beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LONG-BASE-LINE; SINGLE-PION-PRODUCTION; OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; DETECTOR AB We carry out a state-of-the-art assessment of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with wide band beams. We describe the feasibility of an experimental program using existing high-energy accelerator facilities, a new intense wide band neutrino beam (0-6 GeV) and a proposed large detector in a deep underground laboratory. We find that a decade-long program with 1 MW operation in the neutrino mode and 2 MW operation in the antineutrino mode, a baseline as long as the distance between Fermilab and the Homestake mine (1300 km) or the Henderson mine (1500 km), and a water Cherenkov detector with fiducial mass similar to 300 kT has optimum sensitivity to a nonzero theta(13), the mass hierarchy and to neutrino CP violation at the 3 sigma C. L. for sin(2)2 theta(13)> 0.008. This program is capable of breaking the eight-fold degeneracy down to the octant degeneracy without additional external input. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Barger, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 073004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.073004 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900018 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Martin, MR Poppitz, E AF Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Martin, Matthew R. Poppitz, Erich TI Chiral lattice gauge theories from warped domain walls and Ginsparg-Wilson fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY; ANOMALIES; CONSTRUCTION; INVARIANCE; NEUTRINOS; BREAKING; MODEL; QCD AB We propose a construction of a 2-dimensional lattice chiral gauge theory. The construction may be viewed as a particular limit of an infinite warped 3-dimensional theory. We also present a "single-site" construction using Ginsparg-Wilson fermions which may avoid, in both 2 and 4 dimensions, the problems of waveguide-Yukawa models. C1 USALos Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), USALos Alamos Natl Lab, T-8,Mississippi B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tanmoy@lanl.gov; mrmartin@lanl.gov; poppitz@physics.utoronto.ca RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 085028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.085028 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FF UT WOS:000241724000103 ER PT J AU Bjorken, JD Harrison, PF Scott, WG AF Bjorken, James D. Harrison, P. F. Scott, W. G. TI Simplified unitarity triangles for the lepton sector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; STANDARD ELECTROWEAK MODEL; QUARK MASS MATRICES; LONG-BASE-LINE; MIXING MATRIX; CP VIOLATION; OSCILLATIONS; PARAMETRIZATION; SYMMETRY AB Encouraged by the latest SNO results, we consider the lepton mixing matrix in the approximation that the nu(2) mass eigenstate is trimaximally (democratically) mixed. This suggests a new parameterization of the remaining mixing degrees of freedom, which eschews mixing angles, dealing instead, directly with the complex parameter U-e3 of the mixing matrix. Unitarity triangles then take a particularly simple form, which we hope will facilitate comparison with experiment. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM bjorken@slac.stanford.edu; p.f.harrison@warwick.ac.uk; w.g.scott@rl.ac.uk NR 45 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 073012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.073012 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900026 ER PT J AU Bodwin, GT Braaten, E Lee, J Yu, C AF Bodwin, Geoffrey T. Braaten, Eric Lee, Jungil yu, Chaehn Yu TI Exclusive two-vector-meson production from e(+)e(-) annihilation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; CROSS-SECTION; CMD-2 AB The exclusive production of pairs of vector mesons with J(PC)=1(--) in e(+)e(-) collisions can proceed through e(+)e(-) annihilation into two virtual photons. At energies much greater than the meson masses, the cross section is dominated by the independent fragmentation of the virtual photons into the vector mesons. The fragmentation approximation is used to calculate the cross sections and angular distributions for pairs of vector mesons that can be produced at the B factories. The predicted cross sections for rho(0)+rho(0) and rho(0)+phi production agree with recent measurements by the BABAR Collaboration. For the production of two charmonium vector mesons, the nonfragmentation corrections to the cross sections are calculated by using the NRQCD factorization formalism. The predicted cross sections for J/psi+J/psi and J/psi+psi(2S) production are compatible with upper limits set by the Belle Collaboration. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Bodwin, GT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 074014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.074014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900042 ER PT J AU Burdman, G Dobrescu, BA Ponton, E AF Burdman, Gustavo Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Ponton, Eduardo TI Resonances from two universal extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; MODEL AB Standard model gauge bosons propagating in two universal extra dimensions give rise to heavy spin-1 and spin-0 particles. The lightest of these, carrying Kaluza-Klein numbers (1,0), may be produced only in pairs at colliders, whereas the (1,1) modes, which are heavier by a factor of root 2, may be singly produced. We show that the cascade decays of (1,1) particles generate a series of closely-spaced narrow resonances in the t (t) over bar invariant mass distribution. At the Tevatron, s-channel production of (1,1) gluons and electroweak bosons will be sensitive to t (t) over bar resonances up to masses in the 0.5-0.7 TeV range. Searches at the LHC for resonances originating from several higher-level modes will further test the existence of two universal extra dimensions. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012; Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 NR 43 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 075008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.075008 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900063 ER PT J AU Carone, CD Sher, M Vanderhaeghen, M AF Carone, Christopher D. Sher, Marc Vanderhaeghen, Marc TI New bounds on isotropic Lorentz violation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Violations of Lorentz invariance that appear via operators of dimension four or less are completely parametrized in the Standard Model Extension (SME). In the pure photonic sector of the SME, there are 19 dimensionless, Lorentz-violating parameters. Eighteen of these have experimental upper bounds ranging between 10(-11) and 10(-32); the remaining parameter, k(tr), is isotropic and has a much weaker bound of order 10(-4). In this Brief Report, we point out that k(tr) gives a significant contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and find a new upper bound of order 10(-8). With reasonable assumptions, we further show that this bound may be improved to 10(-14) by considering the renormalization of other Lorentz-violating parameters that are more tightly constrained. Using similar renormalization arguments, we also estimate bounds on Lorentz-violating parameters in the pure gluonic sector of QCD. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Ctr Theory, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carone, CD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM carone@physics.wm.edu; sher@physics.wm.edu; marcvdh@jlab.org NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 077901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.077901 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900076 ER PT J AU Freivogel, B Sekino, Y Susskind, L Yeh, CP AF Freivogel, Ben Sekino, Yasuhiro Susskind, Leonard Yeh, Chen-Pin TI Holographic framework for eternal inflation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OPEN UNIVERSE; FIELD; PERTURBATIONS; SPECTRUM; GRAVITY; SPACE AB In this paper we provide some circumstantial evidence for a holographic duality between bubble nucleation in an eternally inflating universe and a Euclidean conformal field theory (CFT). The holographic correspondence (which is different than Strominger's de Sitter (dS)/CFT duality) relates the decay of (3+1)-dimensional de Sitter space to a two-dimensional CFT. It is not associated with pure de Sitter space, but rather with Coleman-De Luccia bubble nucleation. Alternatively, it can be thought of as a holographic description of the open, infinite, Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology that results from such a bubble. The conjectured holographic representation is of a new type that combines holography with the Wheeler-DeWitt formalism to produce a Wheeler-DeWitt theory that lives on the spatial boundary of a k=-1 FRW cosmology. We also argue for a more ambitious interpretation of the Wheeler-DeWitt CFT as a holographic dual of the entire Landscape. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Okayama Inst Quantum Phys, Okayama 7000015, Japan. RP Freivogel, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM freivogel@berkeley.edu; ysekino@v101.vaio.ne.jp; susskind@stanford.edu; zenyeh@stanford.edu NR 54 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 086003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.086003 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FF UT WOS:000241724000111 ER PT J AU Iida, H Doi, T Ishii, N Suganuma, H Tsumura, K AF Iida, H. Doi, T. Ishii, N. Suganuma, H. Tsumura, K. TI Charmonium properties in deconfinement phase in anisotropic lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; HADRONIC SPECTRUM; MASS SHIFT; TRANSITION; COLLISIONS; MESON; PERSPECTIVE; SUPPRESSION AB J/Psi and eta(c) above the QCD critical temperature T-c are studied in anisotropic quenched lattice QCD, considering whether the c (c) over bar systems above T-c are spatially compact (quasi-)bound states or scattering states. We adopt the standard Wilson gauge action and O(a)-improved Wilson quark action with renormalized anisotropy a(s)/a(t)=4.0 at beta=6.10 on 16(3)x(14-26) lattices, which correspond to the spatial lattice volume V equivalent to L-3 similar or equal to(1.55 fm)(3) and temperatures T similar or equal to(1.11-2.07)T-c. We investigate the c (c) over bar system above T-c from the temporal correlators with spatially extended operators, where the overlap with the ground state is enhanced. To clarify whether compact charmonia survive in the deconfinement phase, we investigate spatial boundary-condition dependence of the energy of c (c) over bar systems above T-c. In fact, for low-lying S-wave c (c) over bar scattering states, it is expected that there appears a significant energy difference Delta E equivalent to E(APBC) -E(PBC) similar or equal to 2 root m(c)(2)+3 pi(2)/L-2 - 2m(c) (m(c): charm quark mass) between periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions on the finite-volume lattice. In contrast, for compact charmonia, there is no significant energy difference between periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions. As a lattice QCD result, almost no spatial boundary-condition dependence is observed for the energy of the c (c) over bar system in J/Psi and eta(c) channels for T similar or equal to(1.11-2.07)T-c. This fact indicates that J/Psi and eta(c) would survive as spatially compact c (c) over bar (quasi-)bound states below 2T(c). We also investigate a P-wave channel at high temperature with maximal entropy method and find no low-lying peak structure corresponding to chi(c1) at 1.62T(c). C1 Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL RES Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Iida, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM iida@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 074502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.074502 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900054 ER PT J AU Iida, K Fukushima, K AF Iida, Kei Fukushima, Kenji TI Instability of a gapless color superconductor with respect to inhomogeneous fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK MATTER; QCD; PHASE; FIELD AB We systematically apply density functional theory to determine the kind of inhomogeneities that spontaneously develop in a homogeneous gapless phase of neutral two-flavor superfluid quark matter. We consider inhomogeneities in the quark and electron densities and in the phases and amplitude of the order parameter. These inhomogeneities are expected to lead the gapless phase to a BCS-normal coexisting phase, a Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) state with phase oscillations alone, and a LOFF state with amplitude oscillations. Using a simple model for the energy density functional, we find that which of them the homogeneous system tends towards depends sensitively on the chemical potential separation between up and down quarks and the gradient energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Iida, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 074020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.074020 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900048 ER PT J AU Katz, E Lewandowski, A Schwartz, MD AF Katz, Emanuel Lewandowski, Adam Schwartz, Matthew D. TI Tensor mesons in AdS/QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; FIELDS; QUARK; LAGRANGIANS; DOMINANCE; EQUATIONS; SYMMETRY; HADRONS; MODEL; SPIN AB We explore tensor mesons in AdS/QCD focusing on f(2)(1270), the lightest spin-2 resonance in QCD. We find that the f(2) mass and the partial width Gamma(f(2)->gamma gamma) are in very good agreement with data. In fact, the dimensionless ratio of these two quantities comes out to be within the current experimental bound. The result for this ratio depends only on N-c and N-f, and the quark and glueball content of the operator responsible for the f(2); more importantly, it does not depend on chiral symmetry breaking and so it is both independent of much of the arbitrariness of AdS/QCD and completely out of reach of chiral perturbation theory. For comparison, we also explore f(2)->pi pi, which, because of its sensitivity to the UV corrections, has much more uncertainty. We also calculate the masses of the higher spin resonances on the Regge trajectory of the f(2), and find they compare favorably with experiment. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Katz, E (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM amikatz@buphy.bu.edu; lewandow@usna.edu; mdschwartz@lbl.gov OI SCHWARTZ, MATTHEW/0000-0001-6344-693X NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 086004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.086004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FF UT WOS:000241724000112 ER PT J AU Lunghi, E Porod, W Vives, O AF Lunghi, Enrico Porod, Werner Vives, Oscar TI Analysis of enhanced beta effects in minimal flavor violation GUT scenarios SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID LARGE TAN-BETA; HIGGS-BOSON MASSES; SOFT SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; STANDARD MODEL; QCD CORRECTIONS; TOP SQUARK; B-S; BRANCHING FRACTION; 2-LOOP CORRECTIONS AB We analyze a minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) taking a minimal flavor violation structure at the GUT scale. We evaluate the parameters at the electroweak scale taking into account the full flavor structure in the evolution of the renormalization group equations. We concentrate mainly on the decay B-s ->mu(+)mu(-) and its correlations with other observables like BR(b -> s gamma), BR(b -> sl(+)l(-)), Delta M-Bs and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We restrict our analysis to the regions in parameter space consistent with the dark matter constraints. We find that the BR(B-s ->mu(+)mu(-)) can exceed the current experimental limit in the regions of parameter space which are allowed by all other constraints thus providing an additional bound on supersymmetric parameters. This holds even in the constrained MSSM. Assuming a hypothetical measurement of BR(B-s ->mu(+)mu(-))similar or equal to 10(-7), we analyze the predicted MSSM spectrum and flavor violating decay modes of supersymmetric particles which are found to be small. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Univ Valencia, IFIC, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Lunghi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM lunghi@fnal.gov; porod@ific.uv.es; oscar.vives@uv.es RI Vives Garcia, Oscar/K-5074-2014 OI Vives Garcia, Oscar/0000-0002-7213-584X NR 119 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 075003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.075003 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900058 ER PT J AU Mahlon, G Parke, S AF Mahlon, Gregory Parke, Stephen TI Using spin correlations to distinguish Zh from ZA at the international linear collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK PAIR PRODUCTION; HIGGS-BOSON DECAYS; CP VIOLATION; 2-HIGGS-DOUBLET MODEL AB We investigate how to exploit the spin information imparted to the Z boson in associated Higgs production at a future linear collider as an aid in distinguishing between CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons. We apply a generalized spin-basis analysis which allows us to study the possibilities offered by nontraditional choices of spin projection axis. In particular, we find that the Z bosons produced in association with a CP-even Higgs via polarized collisions are in a single transverse spin state (> 90% purity) when we use the Zh-transverse basis, provided that the Z bosons are not ultrarelativistic (speed < 0.9c). This same basis applied to the associated production of a CP-odd Higgs yields Z's that are an approximately equal mixture of longitudinal and transverse polarizations. We present a decay angular distribution which could be used to distinguish between the CP-even and CP-odd cases. Finally, we make a few brief remarks about how this distribution would be affected if the Higgs boson turns out not to be a CP eigenstate. C1 Penn State Mont Alto, Mont Alto, PA 17237 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mahlon, G (reprint author), Penn State Mont Alto, 1 Campus Dr, Mont Alto, PA 17237 USA. EM gdm10@psu.edu; parke@fnal.gov OI Parke, Stephen/0000-0003-2028-6782 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 073001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.073001 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900015 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, Stephen P. TI Refined gluino and squark pole masses beyond leading order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; 2-LOOP PROPAGATOR INTEGRALS; HIGH-PRECISION PREDICTIONS; SELF-ENERGY DIAGRAMS; MSSM HIGGS SECTOR; STANDARD-MODEL; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; NUMERICAL EVALUATION AB The physical pole and running masses of squarks and gluinos have recently been related at two-loop order in a mass-independent renormalization scheme. I propose a general method for improvement of such formulas, and argue that better accuracy results. The improved version gives an imaginary part of the pole mass that agrees exactly with the direct calculation of the physical width at next-to-leading order. I also find the leading three-loop contributions to the gluino pole mass in the case that squarks are heavier, using effective field theory and renormalization-group methods. The efficacy of these improvements for the gluino and squarks is illustrated with numerical examples. Some necessary three-loop results for gauge coupling and fermion mass beta functions and pole masses in theories with more than one type of fermion representation, which are not directly accessible from the published literature, are presented in an Appendix. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 104 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 AR 075009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.075009 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FE UT WOS:000241723900064 ER PT J AU Smith, CJ Fuller, GM Kishimoto, CT Abazajian, KN AF Smith, Christel J. Fuller, George M. Kishimoto, Chad T. Abazajian, Kevork N. TI Light element signatures of sterile neutrinos and cosmological lepton numbers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EARLY UNIVERSE; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ABUNDANCE; OSCILLATIONS; DEUTERIUM; HE-4; CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETERS; PHYSICS AB We study primordial nucleosynthesis abundance yields for assumed ranges of cosmological lepton numbers, sterile neutrino mass-squared differences and active-sterile vacuum mixing angles. We fix the baryon-to-photon ratio at the value derived from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data and then calculate the deviation of the H-2, He-4, and Li-7 abundance yields from those expected in the zero-lepton number(s), no-new-neutrino-physics case. We conclude that high precision (< 5% error) measurements of the primordial H-2 abundance from, e.g., QSO absorption line observations coupled with high precision (< 1% error) baryon density measurements from the CMB could have the power to either: (i) reveal or rule out the existence of a light sterile neutrino if the sign of the cosmological lepton number is known; or (ii) place strong constraints on lepton numbers, sterile neutrino mixing properties and resonance sweep physics. Similar conclusions would hold if the primordial He-4 abundance could be determined to better than 10%. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 AR 085008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.74.085008 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 101FF UT WOS:000241724000083 ER PT J AU Banna, S Berezovsky, V Schachter, L AF Banna, Samer Berezovsky, Valery Schachter, Levi TI Particle acceleration by stimulated emission of radiation: Theory and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODULATED LASER WAKEFIELDS; PLASMA CHANNEL; RESONANT MEDIUM; ACTIVE MEDIUM; ELECTRONS; PULSES; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; CERENKOV; WAVES AB The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with free electrons in the presence of an active medium has some appealing outcomes. Among them is particle acceleration by stimulated emission of radiation (PASER). In its framework, energy stored in an active medium (microscopic cavities) is transferred directly to an e-beam passing through. We have developed a two-dimensional analytic model for the evaluation of the energy exchange occurring as a train of electron microbunches traverses a dilute resonant medium. Efficient interaction occurs at resonance-namely, when the frequency of the train matches the resonance frequency of the medium. It is shown that the energy exchange is gamma independent for relativistic energies and it drops dramatically with an increase of the beam's radius. Based on this model, we have evaluated the relative change in the kinetic energy of a 0.1-nC 45-MeV macrobunch traversing an excited CO2 gas mixture-the former being modulated at the CO2 laser wavelength. Good agreement is found between the theoretical predictions and the results of the PASER experiment performed recently at Brookhaven National Laboratory. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Banna, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sbanna@bnl.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046501 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000067 PM 17155184 ER PT J AU Bott, SC Lebedev, SV Ampleford, DJ Bland, SN Chittenden, JP Ciardi, A Haines, MG Jennings, C Sherlock, M Hall, G Rapley, J Beg, FN Palmer, J AF Bott, S. C. Lebedev, S. V. Ampleford, D. J. Bland, S. N. Chittenden, J. P. Ciardi, A. Haines, M. G. Jennings, C. Sherlock, M. Hall, G. Rapley, J. Beg, F. N. Palmer, J. TI Dynamics of cylindrically converging precursor plasma flow in wire-array Z-pinch experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS; IMPLOSION PHASE; JETS; INSTABILITY; DEFLECTION; HOHLRAUMS; PHYSICS; SINGLE; POWER AB This paper summarizes the present understanding of the processes leading to precursor column formation in cylindrical wire arrays on the 1 MA MAGPIE generator at Imperial College London. Direct experimental measurements of the diameter variation during the collapse and formation phase of the precursor column are presented, along with soft x-ray emission, and quantitative radiography. In addition, data from twisted cylindrical arrays are presented which give additional information on the behavior of coronal plasma generated in wire array z pinches. Three stages in precursor column formation are identifiable from the data: broad initial density profile, rapid contraction to small diameter, and slow expansion after formation. The correlation of emission to column diameter variation indicates the contraction phase is a nonlinear collapse resulting from the increasing on-axis density and radiative cooling rate. The variation in the minimum diameter is measured for several array materials, and data show good agreement with a pressure balance model. Comparison of column expansion rates to analytical models allows an estimate of column temperature variation, and estimates of the current in the column are also made. Formation data are in good agreement with both fluid and kinetic modeling, but highlight the need to include collisionless flow in the early time behavior. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Bott, SC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 NR 56 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046403 PN 2 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000061 PM 17155178 ER PT J AU Bouchard, AM Warrender, CE Osbourn, GC AF Bouchard, Ann M. Warrender, Christina E. Osbourn, Gordon C. TI Harnessing microtubule dynamic instability for nanostructure assembly SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SINGLE KINESIN MOLECULES; IN-VITRO; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; MOVEMENT; MOTILITY; SPINDLE; MOTORS; GROWTH; CARGO AB Intracellular molecular machines synthesize molecules, tear apart others, transport materials, transform energy into different forms, and carry out a host of other coordinated processes. Many molecular processes have been shown to work outside of cells, and the idea of harnessing these molecular machines to build nanostructures is attractive. Two examples are microtubules and motor proteins, which aid cell movement, help determine cell shape and internal structure, and transport vesicles and organelles within the cell. These molecular machines work in a stochastic, noisy fashion: microtubules switch randomly between growing and shrinking in a process known as dynamic instability; motor protein movement along microtubules is randomly interrupted by the motor proteins falling off. A common strategy in attempting to gain control over these highly dynamic, stochastic processes is to eliminate some processes (e.g., work with stabilized microtubules) in order to focus on others (interaction of microtubules with motor proteins). In this paper, we illustrate a different strategy for building nanostructures, which, rather than attempting to control or eliminate some dynamic processes, uses them to advantage in building nanostructures. Specifically, using stochastic agent-based simulations, we show how the natural dynamic instability of microtubules can be harnessed in building nanostructures, and discuss strategies for ensuring that "unreliable" stochastic processes yield a robust outcome. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Complex Syst Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bouchard, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, POB 5800 MS 1423, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gcosbou@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 041902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.041902 PN 1 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EV UT WOS:000241722900085 PM 17155091 ER PT J AU Danila, B Yu, Y Earl, S Marsh, JA Toroczkai, Z Bassler, KE AF Danila, Bogdan Yu, Yong Earl, Samuel Marsh, John A. Toroczkai, Zoltan Bassler, Kevin E. TI Congestion-gradient driven transport on complex networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB We present a study of transport on complex networks with routing based on local information. Particles hop from one node of the network to another according to a set of routing rules with different degrees of congestion awareness, ranging from random diffusion to rigid congestion-gradient driven flow. Each node can be either source or destination for particles and all nodes have the same routing capacity, which are features of ad hoc wireless networks. It is shown that the transport capacity increases when a small amount of congestion awareness is present in the routing rules, and that it then decreases as the routing rules become too rigid when the flow becomes strictly congestion-gradient driven. Therefore, an optimum value of the congestion awareness exists in the routing rules. It is also shown that, in the limit of a large number of nodes, networks using routing based on local information jam at any nonzero load. Finally, we study the correlation between congestion at node level and a betweenness centrality measure. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. SI Int, New York, NY 13440 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Danila, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM dbogdan@mail.uh.edu; bassler@uh.edu RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849 NR 29 TC 161 Z9 168 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046114 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000023 PM 17155140 ER PT J AU Lee, T Fischer, PF AF Lee, Taehun Fischer, Paul F. TI Eliminating parasitic currents in the lattice Boltzmann equation method for nonideal gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLUIDS; FLOWS; MODEL; SURFACE AB A formulation of the intermolecular force in the nonideal-gas lattice Boltzmann equation method is examined. Discretization errors in the computation of the intermolecular force cause parasitic currents. These currents can be eliminated to roundoff if the potential form of the intermolecular force is used with compact isotropic discretization. Numerical tests confirm the elimination of the parasitic currents. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thlee@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lee, Taehun/G-2695-2010 OI Lee, Taehun/0000-0001-9965-5637 NR 33 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046709 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000097 PM 17155214 ER PT J AU Wang, CX AF Wang, Chun-xi TI Hamiltonian analysis of transverse beam dynamics in high-brightness photoinjectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EMITTANCE COMPENSATION; RF PHOTOINJECTORS; SPACE-CHARGE AB A general Hamiltonian suitable for perturbative analysis of rapidly accelerating beams is derived from first principles. With the proper choice of coordinates, the resulting Hamiltonian has a simple and familiar form, yet is able to take into account the rapid acceleration, rf focusing, magnetic focusing, and average space-charge forces in rf photoinjectors. From the linear Hamiltonian, the beam-envelope evolution is solved and analyzed, which better illuminates the invariant-envelope solution as well as the theory of emittance compensation. The third-order nonlinear Hamiltonian is derived and analyzed to some extent. To make the analysis systematic and self-contained, alternative derivations are given for the smoothed ponderomotive rf focusing and the transfer matrix of a rf cavity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, CX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wangcx@aps.anl.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 046502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046502 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 101EW UT WOS:000241723000068 PM 17155185 ER PT J AU Emma, P Huang, Z Kim, KJ Piot, P AF Emma, P. Huang, Z. Kim, K. -J. Piot, P. TI Transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange to improve performance of high-gain free-electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The ability to generate small transverse emittance is perhaps the main limiting factor for the performance of high-gain x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Noting that beams from an rf photocathode gun can have energy spread much smaller than required for efficient FEL interaction, we present a method to produce normalized transverse emittance at or below about 0:1 mu m, which will lead to a significantly shorter length undulator as well as a lower electron beam energy for an x-ray FEL project. The beam manipulation consists of producing an unequal partition of the initially equal emittances into two dissimilar emittances by a flat-beam technique and exchanging the larger transverse emittance with a smaller longitudinal emittance. We study various issues involved in the manipulation. In particular, a new emittance exchange optics we found enables an exact emittance exchange necessary for this scheme. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Emma, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 28 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 AR 100702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.100702 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AY UT WOS:000242571000003 ER PT J AU Jones, RM Adolphsen, CE Wang, JWW Li, ZH AF Jones, Roger M. Adolphsen, Christopher E. Wang, Juwen W. Li, Zenghai TI Wakefield damping in a pair of X-band accelerators for linear colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We consider the means to damp the wakefield left behind ultrarelativistic charges. In particular, we focus on a pair of traveling wave accelerators operating at an X-band frequency of 11.424 GHz. In order to maximize the efficiency of acceleration, in the context of a linear collider, multiple bunches of charged particles are accelerated within a given pulse of the electromagnetic field. The wakefield left behind successive bunches, if left unchecked, can seriously disturb the progress of trailing bunches and can lead to an appreciable dilution in the emittance of the beam. We report on a method to minimize the influence of the wakefield on trailing bunches. This method entails detuning the characteristic mode frequencies which make up the electromagnetic field, damping the wakefield, and interleaving the frequencies of adjacent accelerating structures. Theoretical predictions of the wakefield and modes, based on a circuit model, are compared with experimental measurements of the wakefield conducted within the ASSET facility at SLAC. Very good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment and this allows us to have some confidence in designing the damping of wakefields in a future linear collider consisting of several thousand of these accelerating structures. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jones, RM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM roger.jones@manchester.ac.uk OI Jones, Roger/0000-0001-6528-214X NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 AR 102001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.102001 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AY UT WOS:000242571000006 ER PT J AU Mokhov, NV Rakhno, IL AF Mokhov, N. V. Rakhno, I. L. TI Mitigating radiation loads in Nb3Sn quadrupoles for the CERN Large Hadron Collider upgrades SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Challenging beam-induced energy deposition issues are addressed for the next generation of the LHC high-luminosity interaction regions based on Nb3Sn quadrupoles. Detailed MARS15 Monte Carlo energy deposition calculations are performed for various coil diameters, thicknesses, and materials of the inner absorber at a field gradient of 200 T/m. It is shown that using the inner absorber made of tungsten-based materials can make the final focus superconducting quadrupoles compatible with a luminosity of 10(35) cm(-2) s(-1). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rakhno, IL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rakhno@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 AR 101001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.101001 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AY UT WOS:000242571000004 ER PT J AU O'Connell, CL Barnes, CD Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Iverson, R Krejcik, P Siemann, R Walz, DR Clayton, CE Huang, C Johnson, DK Joshi, C Lu, W Marsh, KA Mori, W Zhou, M Deng, S Katsouleas, T Muggli, P Oz, E AF O'Connell, C. L. Barnes, C. D. Decker, F. -J. Hogan, M. J. Iverson, R. Krejcik, P. Siemann, R. Walz, D. R. Clayton, C. E. Huang, C. Johnson, D. K. Joshi, C. Lu, W. Marsh, K. A. Mori, W. Zhou, M. Deng, S. Katsouleas, T. Muggli, P. Oz, E. TI Plasma production via field ionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATORS AB Plasma production via field ionization occurs when an incoming particle beam is sufficiently dense that the electric field associated with the beam ionizes a neutral vapor or gas. Experiments conducted at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center explore the threshold conditions necessary to induce field ionization by an electron beam in a neutral lithium vapor. By independently varying the transverse beam size, number of electrons per bunch, or bunch length, the radial component of the electric field is controlled to be above or below the threshold for field ionization. Additional experiments ionized neutral xenon and neutral nitric oxide by varying the incoming beam's bunch length. A self-ionized plasma is an essential step for the viability of plasma-based accelerators for future high-energy experiments. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP O'Connell, CL (reprint author), SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 AR 101301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.101301 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AY UT WOS:000242571000005 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, Alessandro G. TI rf acceleration with harmonic number jump SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We have recently considered acceleration of protons and heavy ions in a fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerator with nonscaling lattice and linear field profile. To avoid the problem of frequency modulation for acceleration of low-energy beams over a too short period of time, and to boost the acceleration rate, the method of harmonic number jump (HNJ) was proposed. This method allows the use of constant frequency acceleration, for instance using superconducting cavities, despite the fact that the beam velocity may vary considerably. Of course in this case the accelerating voltage and rf phase will need to be programmed accordingly as we shall show. We shall study first the motion of synchronous particles, and then of those with deviating initial conditions. We estimate the area and height of the rf buckets that are to contain the beam bunches with the added condition of the HNJ. We finally investigate methods to allow the program of energy gain as required by the HNJ method, including the effect of the cavity transit time factor. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2006 VL 9 IS 10 AR 100101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.9.100101 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 113AY UT WOS:000242571000001 ER PT J AU Brown, MR Cothran, CD Fung, J Chang, M Horwitz, J Schaffer, MJ Leuer, J Belova, EV AF Brown, M. R. Cothran, C. D. Fung, J. Chang, M. Horwitz, J. Schaffer, M. J. Leuer, J. Belova, E. V. TI Dipole trapped spheromak in a prolate flux conserver SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TILTING INSTABILITY; PLASMA; CONFIGURATION AB This paper reports the observation and characterization of a spheromak formed in the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX, [M. R. Brown, Phys. Plasmas 6, 1717 (1999)]) and trapped in a simple dipole magnetic field. The spheromak is studied in a prolate (tilt unstable) 0.4 m diameter, 0.6 m length copper flux conserver in SSX. This plasma does not tilt, despite the prolate flux conserver. The spheromak is characterized by a suite of magnetic probe arrays for magnetic structure B(r,t), ion Doppler spectroscopy for T-i and flow, and interferometry for n(e). Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of this configuration verify its gross sta-bility. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Brown, MR (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM doc@swarthmore.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 102503 DI 10.1063/1.2356690 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400030 ER PT J AU Marocchino, A Lapenta, G Evstatiev, EG Nebel, RA Park, J AF Marocchino, A. Lapenta, G. Evstatiev, E. G. Nebel, R. A. Park, J. TI Two-dimensional electron-electron two-stream instability of an inertial electrostatic confinement device SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATING PLASMA SPHERE; IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD; COMPLEX GEOMETRIES; FUSION SYSTEMS; POTENTIAL WELL; PENNING TRAP; SIMULATION; EQUILIBRIUM; STABILITY; FLUID AB Theoretical works by Barnes and Nebel [D. C. Barnes and R. A. Nebel, Phys. Plasmas 5, 2498 (1998); R. A. Nebel and D. C. Barnes, Fusion Technol. 38, 28 (1998)] have suggested that a tiny oscillating ion cloud (referred to as the periodically oscillating plasma sphere or POPS) may undergo a self-similar collapse in a harmonic oscillator potential formed by a uniform electron background. A major uncertainty in this oscillating plasma scheme is the stability of the virtual cathode that forms the harmonic oscillator potential. The electron-electron two-stream stability of the virtual cathode has previously been studied with a fluid model, a slab kinetic model, a spherically symmetric kinetic model, and experimentally [R. A. Nebel and J. M. Finn, Phys. Plasmas 8, 1505 (2001); R. A. Nebel , Phys. Plasmas 12, 040501 (2005)]. Here the mode is studied with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell code. Results indicate stability limits near those of the previously spherically symmetric case. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Imperial Coll Sch Med, Plasma Phys Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marocchino, A (reprint author), Imperial Coll Sch Med, Plasma Phys Grp, Blackett Lab, Consort Rd, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Marocchino, Alberto/E-3571-2016; OI Marocchino, Alberto/0000-0002-5287-8355; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 102106 DI 10.1063/1.2356848 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400009 ER PT J AU Mendel, CW Pointon, TD Savage, ME Seidel, DB Magne, I Vezinet, R AF Mendel, C. W., Jr. Pointon, T. D. Savage, M. E. Seidel, D. B. Magne, I. Vezinet, R. TI Losses at magnetic nulls in pulsed-power transmission line systems (vol 13, art. no. 043105, 2006) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ctr Etud Gramat, Gramat, France. Cove Consulting, Belle Haven, VA 23306 USA. RP Mendel, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mendel@swcp.com; isabelle.magne@edf.fr NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 109901 DI 10.1063/1.2363725 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400070 ER PT J AU Mier, JA Garcia, L Sanchez, R AF Mier, J. A. Garcia, L. Sanchez, R. TI Study of the interaction between diffusive and avalanche-like transport in near-critical dissipative-trapped-electron-mode turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; LONG-TIME CORRELATION; HURST EXPONENT; PLASMA TURBULENCE; EDGE TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; CONFINEMENT; SIMILARITY; PARADIGM AB The change in properties of turbulent transport is explored, in the context of dissipative-trapped-electron-mode (DTEM) turbulence, as a function of the relative strength of a (subdominant) diffusive transport channel to the turbulent one. If the diffusive channel is totally absent and the system is slowly driven, transport exhibits many features characteristic of self-organized-critical (SOC) systems. This finding is consistent with those reported by several authors in other situations, such as pressure-gradient-driven or ion-temperature-gradient turbulence. But we also find that the temporal persistence and spatial self-similarity characteristic of the SOC state remain present, at a level much higher than what one would naively expect, as the strength of the diffusive channel is increased. This observation, which has been previously made for numerical sandpile models, may give a partial answer to the question of why SOC features are so frequently observed in turbulent experimental data and numerical simulations in spite of the fact that the experimental conditions appear to be quite far from those required by the strict definition of the SOC state. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mier, JA (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM jmier@fis.uc3m.es RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; Garcia, Luis/A-5344-2015 OI Garcia, Luis/0000-0002-0492-7466 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 102308 DI 10.1063/1.2359285 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400023 ER PT J AU Slutz, SA Peterson, KJ Vesey, RA Lemke, RW Bailey, JE Varnum, W Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Chandler, GA Rochau, GA Mehlhorn, TA AF Slutz, S. A. Peterson, K. J. Vesey, R. A. Lemke, R. W. Bailey, J. E. Varnum, W. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Chandler, G. A. Rochau, G. A. Mehlhorn, T. A. TI Integrated two-dimensional simulations of dynamic hohlraum driven inertial fusion capsule implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; X-RAY POWER; TARGETS; TEMPERATURE; PHYSICS; PLASMA AB Simulations have been useful for improving the design of dynamic hohlraums for the purpose of imploding inertial fusion capsules [S. A. Slutz, J. E. Bailey, G. A. Chandler , Phys. Plasmas 10, 1875 (2003)]. These design changes, which have resulted in capsule implosions with hot dense cores [J. E. Bailey, G. A. Chandler, S. A. Slutz , Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 085002 (2004)] and the production of thermonuclear neutrons [C. L. Ruiz, G. Cooper, S. A. Slutz , Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 015001 (2005)], were based primarily on a series of one-dimensional numerical simulations, which treated the dynamic hohlraum and the capsule implosion separately. In this paper we present simulations which are fully integrated to include the implosion of wire arrays onto foam convertors, the implosion of the capsule imbedded in the foam, and the absorption of radiation into the electrodes. These simulations yield predictions that are in remarkably good agreement with measured values considering the complexity of the problem, which spans more than 100 ns of wire implosion with the subsequent capsule implosion on a few ns timescale. For example, the predicted neutron yields are less than a factor of 2 higher than the measured values, while the predicted shock velocity is about 30% higher than the measured value. The spectroscopically inferred imploded capsule gas core temperatures are somewhat lower than predicted by the simulations, while the gas densities are about a factor of 2 higher. Simulations indicate that a more slowly rising radiation drive temperature yields higher core densities and lower temperatures and thus better agreement with experimental measurements. Possible reasons for a more slowly rising radiation drive are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vesey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 102701 DI 10.1063/1.2354587 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400037 ER PT J AU Ticos, CM Wang, ZH Delzanno, GL Lapenta, G AF Ticos, Catalin M. Wang, Zhehui Delzanno, Gian Luca Lapenta, Giovanni TI Plasma dragged microparticles as a method to measure plasma flows SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK EDGE PLASMAS; DUST BEAM INJECTION; THERMIONIC EMISSION; PARTICLES; MOTION; PROBE; GRAINS; FORCE; SPACE AB The physics of microparticle motion in flowing plasmas is studied in detail for plasmas with electron and ion densities n(e,i)similar to 10(19) m(-3), electron and ion temperatures of no more than 15 eV, and plasma flows on the order of the ion thermal speed, v(f)similar to v(ti). The equations of motion due to Coulomb interactions and direct impact with ions and electrons, of charge variation, as well as of heat exchange with the plasma, are solved numerically for isolated particles (or dust grains) of micron sizes. It is predicted that microparticles can survive in plasma long enough, and can be dragged in the direction of the local ion flow. Based on the theoretical analysis, we describe a new plasma flow measurement technique called microparticle tracer velocimetry (mPTV), which tracks microparticle motion in a plasma with a high-speed camera. The mPTV can reveal the directions of the plasma flow vectors at multiple locations simultaneously and at submillimeter scales, which is hard to achieve by most other techniques. Thus, mPTV can be used to study plasma flows produced in the laboratory. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp P24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp T15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ticos, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp P24, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cticos@lanl.gov RI Ticos, Catalin/F-1677-2011; OI Delzanno, Gian Luca/0000-0002-7030-2683; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 103501 DI 10.1063/1.2356316 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400051 ER PT J AU Welch, DR Genoni, TC Rose, DV Oliver, BV Hahn, KD Schamiloglu, E AF Welch, D. R. Genoni, T. C. Rose, D. V. Oliver, B. V. Hahn, K. D. Schamiloglu, E. TI Bernstein mode generated anomalous resistivity in a current carrying plasma focusing cell SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; GAS; RADIOGRAPHY; FIELD AB The influence of microinstabilities and turbulence on the resistivity of plasma filled electron beam focusing cells is presented. Using a particle-in-cell simulation code, we have observed the onset of anomalous resistivity for low plasma densities and large embedded magnetic fields. The enhanced resistivity results from wave-particle interactions due to the saturation of the ion Bernstein mode instability in the current-carrying plasma. The growth rate of the mode scales with the relative drift speed between the electrons and ions. Here the scaling of the instability derived from simulation and theory and its impact on the operation of a plasma focusing cell for electron beam driven radiography are discussed. Enhanced resistivity up to 70 times larger than the classical Spitzer value is calculated for relevant plasma parameters. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Welch, DR (reprint author), Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM Dale.Welch@vosssci.com NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 AR 103106 DI 10.1063/1.2357048 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 101ES UT WOS:000241722400048 ER PT J AU Ross, M Patel, D Wenzel, T AF Ross, Marc Patel, Deena Wenzel, Tom TI Safer vehicles by redesign - Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mhross@unzich.edu; deenamp@umich.edu; tpwenzel@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2006 VL 59 IS 10 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091IC UT WOS:000241019500010 ER PT J AU Aronson, S AF Aronson, Sam TI RHIC's, future looks bright SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aronson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM samaronson@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2006 VL 59 IS 10 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1063/1.2387074 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 091IC UT WOS:000241019500014 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical point tackling LHC anxieties SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 10 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 094PR UT WOS:000241252000018 ER PT J AU Sittler, EC Thomsen, M Johnson, RE Hartle, RE Burger, M Chornay, D Shappirio, MD Simpson, D Smith, HT Coates, AJ Rymer, AM McComas, DJ Young, DT Reisenfeld, D Dougherty, M Andre, N AF Sittler, E. C., Jr. Thomsen, M. Johnson, R. E. Hartle, R. E. Burger, M. Chornay, D. Shappirio, M. D. Simpson, D. Smith, H. T. Coates, A. J. Rymer, A. M. McComas, D. J. Young, D. T. Reisenfeld, D. Dougherty, M. Andre, N. TI Cassini observations of Saturn's inner plasmasphere: Saturn orbit insertion results SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE planetary; Saturn; magnetosphere; plasma ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETER; MAGNETOSPHERE; VOYAGER-2; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS AB We present new and definitive results of Cassini plasma spectrometer (CAPS) data acquired during passage through Saturn's inner plasmasphere by the Cassini spacecraft during the approach phase of the Saturn orbit insertion period. This analysis extends the original analysis of Sittler et al. [2005. Preliminary results on Saturn's inner plasmasphere as observed by Cassini: comparison with Voyager. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L14S07, doi:10.1029/2005GLO22653] to L similar to 10 along with also providing a more comprehensive study of the interrelationship of the various fluid parameters. Coincidence data are sub-divided into protons and water group ions. Our revised analysis uses an improved convergence algorithm which provides a more definitive and independent estimate of the spacecraft potential Phi(SC) for which we enforce the protons and water group ions to co-move with each other. This has allowed us to include spacecraft charging corrections to our fluid parameter estimations and allow accurate estimations of fluctuations in the fluid parameters for future correlative studies. In the appendix we describe the ion moments algorithm, and minor corrections introduced by not weighting the moments with sin theta term in Sittler et al. [2005] (Correction offset by revisions to instruments geometric factor). Estimates of the spacecraft potential and revised proton densities are presented. Our total ion densities are in close agreement with the electron densities reported by Moncuquet et al. [2005. Quasi-thermal noise spectroscopy in the inner magnetosphere of Saturn with Cassini/RPWS: electron temperatures and density. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L20S02, doi:10.1029/2005GL022508] who used upper hybrid resonance (UHR) emission lines observed by the radio and plasma wave science (RPWS) instrument. We show a positive correlation between proton temperature and water group ion temperature. The proton and thermal electron temperatures track each with both having a positive radial gradient. These results are consistent with pickup ion energization via Saturn's rotational electric field. We see evidence for an anti-correlation between radial flow velocity V-R and azimuthal velocity V-phi, which is consistent with the magnetosphere tending to conserve angular momentum. Evidence for MHD waves is also present. We show clear evidence for outward transport of the plasma via flux tube interchange motions with the radial velocity of the flow showing positive radial gradient with VR similar to 0.12(L/4)(5-5) km/s functional dependence for 4 < L < 10 (i.e., if we assume to be diffusive transport then D-LL similar to D0(L)(11) for fixed stochastic time step delta t). Previous models with centrifugal transport have used D-LL similar to D0L3 dependence. The radial transport seems to begin at Enceladus' L shell, L similar to 4, where we also see a minimum in the W+ ion temperature Tw similar to 35 eV. For the first time, we are measuring the actual flux tube interchange motions in the magnetosphere and how it varies with radial distance. These observations can be used as a constraint with regard to future transport models for Saturn's magnetosphere. Finally, we evaluate the thermodynamic properties of the plasma, which are all consistent with the pickup process being the dominant energy source for the plasma. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AY, England. European Space Agcy, Res & Sci Support Dept, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Sittler, EC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612-2,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM edward.c.sittler@nasa.gov RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; Smith, Howard/H-4662-2016 OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Smith, Howard/0000-0003-3537-3360 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/D00084X/1] NR 34 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 SI SI BP 1197 EP 1210 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.038 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 105TW UT WOS:000242056200010 ER PT J AU Hartle, RE Sittler, EC Neubauer, FM Johnson, RE Smith, HT Crary, F McComas, DJ Young, DT Coates, AJ Simpson, D Bolton, S Reisenfeld, D Szego, K Berthelier, JJ Rymer, A Vilppola, J Steinberg, JT Andre, N AF Hartle, R. E. Sittler, E. C. Neubauer, F. M. Johnson, R. E. Smith, H. T. Crary, F. McComas, D. J. Young, D. T. Coates, A. J. Simpson, D. Bolton, S. Reisenfeld, D. Szego, K. Berthelier, J. J. Rymer, A. Vilppola, J. Steinberg, J. T. Andre, N. TI Initial interpretation of Titan plasma interaction as observed by the Cassini plasma spectrometer: Comparisons with Voyager 1 SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the European-Union-of-Geosciences CY APR 24-29, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP European Geosci Union DE Titan; plasma; pickup ions; mass loading; composition; Cassini ID ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; ENCOUNTER; SATURN AB The Cassini plasma spectrometer (CAPS) instrument made measurements of Titan's plasma environment when the Cassini Orbiter flew through the moon's plasma wake October 26, 2004 (flyby TA). Initial CAPS ion and electron measurements from this encounter will be compared with measurements made by the Voyager I plasma science instrument (PLS). The comparisons will be used to evaluate previous interpretations and predictions of the Titan plasma environment that have been made using PLS measurements. The plasma wake trajectories of flyby TA and Voyager I are similar because they occurred when Titan was near Saturn's local noon. These similarities make possible direct, meaningful comparisons between the various plasma wake measurements. They lead to the following: (A) The light and heavy ions, H+ and N+/O+, were observed by PLS in Saturn's magnetosphere in the vicinity of Titan while the higher mass resolution of CAPS yielded H+ and H-2(+) as the light constituents and O+/CH4+ as the heavy ions. (B) Finite gyroradius effects were apparent in PLS and CAPS measurements of ambient O+ ions as a result of their absorption by Titan's extended atmosphere. (C) The principal pickup ions inferred from both PLS and CAPS measurements are H+, H-2(+), N+, CH4+ and N-2(+). (D) The inference that heavy pickup ions, observed by PLS, were in narrow beam distributions was empirically established by the CAPS measurements. (E) Slowing down of the ambient plasma due to pickup ion mass loading was observed by both instruments on the anti-Saturn side of Titan. (F) Strong mass loading just outside the ionotail by a heavy ion such as N-2(+) is apparent in PLS and CAPS measurements. (G) Except for the expected differences due to the differing trajectories, the magnitudes and structures of the electron densities and temperatures observed by both instruments are similar. The high-energy electron bite-out observed by PLS in the magnetotail is consistent with that observed by CAPS. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Cologne, D-50923 Cologne, Germany. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Mullard Space Flight Ctr, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94107 St Maur des Fosses, France. Univ Oulu, FIN-90014 Linnanmaa, Finland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Hartle, RE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM hartle@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; Smith, Howard/H-4662-2016 OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Smith, Howard/0000-0003-3537-3360 NR 30 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 SI SI BP 1211 EP 1224 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.029 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 105TW UT WOS:000242056200011 ER PT J AU Lushnikov, PM Rose, HA AF Lushnikov, Pavel M. Rose, Harvey A. TI How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma? SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; HOT-SPOTS; INSTABILITY THEORY; NONLINEAR MEDIA; FILAMENTATION; DRIVEN; LIGHT; BEAMS; TARGETS AB Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement with recent experimental data. This maximum is determined by the collective forward stimulated Brillouin scattering instability which suggests a way to increase the maximum power by appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and backscatter and therefore raises the possibility of indirect control of backscatter through manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping. We find a simple expression for laser intensity at onset of enhanced beam angular divergence (beam spray). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rose, HA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM har@lanl.gov RI Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013 NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1501 EP 1513 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/48/10/004 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 106OK UT WOS:000242110100005 ER PT J AU Moses, AM Pollard, DA Nix, DA Iyer, VN Li, XY Biggin, MD Eisen, MB AF Moses, Alan M. Pollard, Daniel A. Nix, David A. Iyer, Venky N. Li, Xiao-Yong Biggin, Mark D. Eisen, Michael B. TI Large-scale turnover of functional transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE REGULATORY REGIONS; POSITIVE SELECTION; ULTRABITHORAX PROMOTER; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENTS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FRUIT-FLY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; DNA; CONSERVATION AB The gain and loss of functional transcription factor binding sites has been proposed as a major source of evolutionary change in cis-regulatory DNA and gene expression. We have developed an evolutionary model to study binding-site turnover that uses multiple sequence alignments to assess the evolutionary constraint on individual binding sites, and to map gain and loss events along a phylogenetic tree. We apply this model to study the evolutionary dynamics of binding sites of the Drosophila melanogaster transcription factor Zeste, using genome-wide in vivo (ChIP-chip) binding data to identify functional Zeste binding sites, and the genome sequences of D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. erecta, and D. yakuba to study their evolution. We estimate that more than 5% of functional Zeste binding sites in D. melanogaster were gained along the D. melanogaster lineage or lost along one of the other lineages. We find that Zeste-bound regions have a reduced rate of binding-site loss and an increased rate of binding-site gain relative to flanking sequences. Finally, we show that binding-site gains and losses are asymmetrically distributed with respect to D. melanogaster, consistent with lineage-specific acquisition and loss of Zeste-responsive regulatory elements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawerence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov RI Phelps, Steve/H-2263-2011; OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779-01, R01 HG002779, R01 HG002779-02, R01 HG002779-03, R01 HG002779-04, R01-HG002779-02]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM070444] NR 64 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1231 AR e130 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020130 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 103XW UT WOS:000241921500006 PM 17040121 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Perelson, AS AF Kim, Hwijin Perelson, Alan S. TI Viral and latent reservoir persistence in HIV-1-infected patients on therapy SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CD4(+) T-CELLS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; MATHEMATICAL-ANALYSIS; COMBINATION THERAPY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB Despite many years of potent antiretroviral therapy, latently infected cells and low levels of plasma virus have been found to persist in HIV-infected patients. The factors influencing this persistence and their relative contributions have not been fully elucidated and remain controversial. Here, we address these issues by developing and employing a simple, but mechanistic viral dynamics model. The model has two novel features. First, it assumes that latently infected T cells can undergo bystander proliferation without transitioning into active viral production. Second, it assumes that the rate of latent cell activation decreases with time on antiretroviral therapy due to the activation and subsequent loss of latently infected cells specific for common antigens, leaving behind cells that are successively less frequently activated. Using the model, we examined the quantitative contributions of T cell bystander proliferation, latent cell activation, and ongoing viral replication to the stability of the latent reservoir and persisting low-level viremia. Not surprisingly, proliferation of latently infected cells helped maintain the latent reservoir in spite of loss of latent infected cells through activation and death, and affected viral dynamics to an extent that depended on the magnitude of latent cell activation. In the limit of zero latent cell activation, the latent cell pool and viral load became uncoupled. However, as the activation rate increased, the plasma viral load could be maintained without depleting the latent reservoir, even in the absence of viral replication. The influence of ongoing viral replication on the latent reservoir remained insignificant for drug efficacies above the "critical efficacy'' irrespective of the activation rate. However, for lower drug efficacies viral replication enabled the stable maintenance of both the latent reservoir and the virus. Our model and analysis methods provide a quantitative and qualitative framework for probing how different viral and host factors contribute to the dynamics of the latent reservoir and the virus, offering new insights into the principal determinants of their persistence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555, R01 RR006555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433] NR 76 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1232 EP 1247 AR e135 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020135 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 103XW UT WOS:000241921500007 PM 17040122 ER PT J AU Pollard, DA Iyer, VN Moses, AM Eisen, MB AF Pollard, Daniel A. Iyer, Venky N. Moses, Alan M. Eisen, Michael B. TI Widespread discordance of gene trees with species tree in Drosophila: Evidence for incomplete lineage sorting SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID ANCESTRAL POPULATION SIZES; GENOME-SCALE PHYLOGENY; DNA-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; LONG-BRANCH ATTRACTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DIVERGENCE TIMES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MELANOGASTER SUBGROUP; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AB The phylogenetic relationship of the now fully sequenced species Drosophila erecta and D. yakuba with respect to the D. melanogaster species complex has been a subject of controversy. All three possible groupings of the species have been reported in the past, though recent multi-gene studies suggest that D. erecta and D. yakuba are sister species. Using the whole genomes of each of these species as well as the four other fully sequenced species in the subgenus Sophophora, we set out to investigate the placement of D. erecta and D. yakuba in the D. melanogaster species group and to understand the cause of the past incongruence. Though we find that the phylogeny grouping D. erecta and D. yakuba together is the best supported, we also find widespread incongruence in nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, insertions and deletions, and gene trees. The time inferred to span the two key speciation events is short enough that under the coalescent model, the incongruence could be the result of incomplete lineage sorting. Consistent with the lineage-sorting hypothesis, substitutions supporting the same tree were spatially clustered. Support for the different trees was found to be linked to recombination such that adjacent genes support the same tree most often in regions of low recombination and substitutions supporting the same tree are most enriched roughly on the same scale as linkage disequilibrium, also consistent with lineage sorting. The incongruence was found to be statistically significant and robust to model and species choice. No systematic biases were found. We conclude that phylogenetic incongruence in the D. melanogaster species complex is the result, at least in part, of incomplete lineage sorting. Incomplete lineage sorting will likely cause phylogenetic incongruence in many comparative genomics datasets. Methods to infer the correct species tree, the history of every base in the genome, and comparative methods that control for and/or utilize this information will be valuable advancements for the field of comparative genomics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779, R01 HG002779-01, R01 HG002779-02, R01 HG002779-03, R01 HG002779-04, R01-HG002779] NR 121 TC 178 Z9 179 U1 4 U2 41 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1634 EP 1647 AR e173 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020173 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 103YD UT WOS:000241922200013 PM 17132051 ER PT J AU Celina, M Trujillo, AB Gillen, KT Minier, LM AF Celina, M. Trujillo, A. B. Gillen, K. T. Minier, L. M. TI Chemiluminescence as a condition monitoring method for thermal aging and lifetime prediction of an HTPB elastomer SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE accelerated polymer degradation; chemiluminescence analysis; condition monitoring; lifetime prediction ID HYDROXY-TERMINATED POLYBUTADIENE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; POLYPROPYLENE PHOTOOXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; POLYMER DEGRADATION; SOLID POLYPROPYLENE; DECOMPOSITION; PEROXIDES; ARRHENIUS; HYDROPEROXIDES AB Chemiluminescence (CL) has been applied as a condition monitoring technique to assess aging related changes in a hydroxyl-terminated-polybutadiene based polyurethane elastomer. Initial thermal aging of this polymer was conducted between 110 and 50 degrees C. Two CL methods were applied to examine the degradative changes that had occurred in these aged samples: isothermal "wear-out" experiments under oxygen yielding initial CL intensity and "wear-out" time data, and temperature ramp experiments under inert conditions as a measure of previously accumulated hydroperoxides or other reactive species. The sensitivities of these CL features to prior aging exposure of the polymer were evaluated on the basis of qualifying this method as a quick screening technique for quantification of degradation levels. Both the techniques yielded data representing the aging trends in this material via correlation with mechanical property changes. Initial CL rates from the isothermal experiments are the most sensitive and suitable approach for documenting material changes during the early part of thermal aging. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1821, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Celina, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1821, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mccelin@sandia.gov NR 56 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10 BP 2365 EP 2374 DI 10.1016/j.polydegrad.2006.04.004 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 070PT UT WOS:000239536200015 ER PT J AU McCauley, T AF McCauley, Thomas TI Neutrino astronomy: Present and future SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP-9) CY JAN 03-14, 2006 CL Inst Phys Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, INDIA SP DAE, BRNS HO Inst Phys Bhubaneswar DE particle astrophysics; neutrino telescope ID TELESCOPE; FLUX; DETECTOR; ICECUBE; SEARCH; AMANDA; BAIKAL AB I briefly review the present and future status of the burgeoning field of neutrino astronomy. I outline the astrophysics and particle physics goals, design, and performance of the various current and proposed neutrino telescopes. Also described are present results and future expectations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McCauley, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tpmccauley@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 67 IS 4 SI SI BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1007/s12043-006-0061-6 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 098JY UT WOS:000241518000010 ER PT J AU Field, RV Grigoriu, M AF Field, R. V., Jr. Grigoriu, M. TI Optimal design of sensor networks for vehicle detection, classification, and monitoring SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE decision theory; detection; probability; sensor networks; tracking AB The tracking and identification of vehicles for the purpose of surveillance is a widespread application. Observations from a network of sensors can be used to make decisions regarding the identity of vehicles, as well as their trajectories. Generally, the information provided by a sensor network is limited, so vehicles may be misclassified, go undetected, and/or their trajectories may not be determined uniquely. Often, assumptions are made regarding, for example, traffic composition and possible vehicle trajectories. Because the performance of a sensor network can be sensitive to these assumptions, the conclusions made by the network about the identity and trajectory of vehicles can be highly inaccurate. In this paper, these assumptions are treated as possible models of reality that are subsequently evaluated in a decision framework. Mathematical models for vehicle movement and sensor behavior are developed. Candidate designs for the sensor network are considered, where each design is defined by the number, location, and range of the sensors. Methods from decision theory are used to determine the optimal design for the sensor network. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rvfield@sandia.gov; mdg12@cornell.edu OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2005.11.003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 099QR UT WOS:000241610900003 ER PT J AU Benson, SM Surles, T AF Benson, Sally M. Surles, Terry TI Carbon dioxide capture and storage: An overview with emphasis on capture and storage in deep geological formations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE carbon capture and storage (CCS); carbon sequestration; geological storage; greenhouse gas; hydrogen; mitigation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERFORMANCE; CO2 AB A transition to a low-carbon economy can be facilitated by CO2 capture and storage. This paper begins with an overview of CO2 capture and storage in the terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and deep geologic systems. The remainder focuses on what now appears to be the most promising option for large-scale deployment-capture and storage in deep geologic formations. A detailed description of the technology is provided, including the potential scale of application, cost, risk assessment, and emerging research issues. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific Int Ctr High Technol Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Benson, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smbensong@lbl.gov; tsurles@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 42 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD OCT PY 2006 VL 94 IS 10 SI SI BP 1795 EP 1805 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2006.883718 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 115KT UT WOS:000242733900004 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ Blottner, FG AF Roy, Christopher J. Blottner, Frederick G. TI Review and assessment of turbulence models for hypersonic flows SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); turbulence model; hypersonic flow; boundary layer; shock wave; compressible flow ID LAYER INTERACTION FLOWS; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WEDGE-COMPRESSION CORNER; K-EPSILON MODEL; HIGH-SPEED FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SKIN-FRICTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLAT-PLATE; SUPERSONIC SPEEDS AB Accurate aerodynamic prediction is critical for the design and optimization of hypersonic vehicles. Turbulence modeling remains a major source of uncertainty in the computational prediction of aerodynamic forces and heating for these systems. The first goal of this article is to update the previous comprehensive review of hypersonic shock/turbulent boundary-layer interaction experiments published in 1991 by Settles and Dodson (Hypersonic shock/boundary-layer interaction database. NASA CR 177577, 1991). In their review, Settles and Dodson developed a methodology for assessing experiments appropriate for turbulence model validation and critically surveyed the existing hypersonic experiments. We limit the scope of our current effort by considering only two-dimensional (2D)/axisymmetric flows in the hypersonic flow regime where calorically perfect gas models are appropriate. We extend the prior database of recommended hypersonic experiments (on four 2D and two 3D shock-interaction geometries) by adding three new geometries. The first two geometries, the flat plate/cylinder and the sharp cone, are canonical, zero-pressure gradient flows which are amenable to theory-based correlations, and these correlations are discussed in detail. The third geometry added is the 2D shock impinging on a turbulent flat plate boundary layer. The current 2D hypersonic database for shock-interaction flows thus consists of nine experiments on five different geometries. The second goal of this study is to review and assess the validation usage of various turbulence models on the existing experimental database. Here we limit the scope to one- and two-equation turbulence models where integration to the wall is used (i.e., we omit studies involving wall functions). A methodology for validating turbulence models is given, followed by an extensive evaluation of the turbulence models on the current hypersonic experimental database. A total of 18 one- and two-equation turbulence models are reviewed, and results of turbulence model assessments for the six models that have been extensively applied to the hypersonic validation database are compiled and presented in graphical form. While some of the turbulence models do provide reasonable predictions for the surface pressure, the predictions for surface heat flux are generally poor, and often in error by a factor of four or more. In the vast majority of the turbulence model validation studies we review, the authors fail to adequately address the numerical accuracy of the simulations (i.e., discretization and iterative error) and the sensitivities of the model predictions to freestream turbulence quantities or near-wall y(+) mesh spacing. We recommend new hypersonic experiments be conducted which (1) measure not only surface quantities but also mean and fluctuating quantities in the interaction region and (2) provide careful estimates of both random experimental uncertainties and correlated bias errors for the measured quantities and freestream conditions. For the turbulence models, we recommend that a wide-range of turbulence models (including newer models) be re-examined on the current hypersonic experimental database, including the more recent experiments. Any future turbulence model validation efforts should carefully assess the numerical accuracy and model sensitivities. In addition, model corrections (e.g., compressibility corrections) should be carefully examined for their effects on a standard, low-speed validation database. Finally, as new experiments or direct numerical simulation data become available wih information on mean and fluctuating quantities, they should be used to improve the turbulence models and thus increase their predictive capability. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roy, CJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Aerosp Engn Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cjroy@eng.auburn.edu RI Roy, Christopher/C-5427-2013 NR 221 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 6 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 469 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.12.002 PG 62 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 180TX UT WOS:000247390100001 ER PT J AU Terrones, G Souto, FJ Burkett, MW Shea, RF Idar, ES AF Terrones, Guillermo Souto, Francisco J. Burkett, Michael W. Shea, Robert F. Idar, Edward S. TI The effect of cook-off on the bulk permeability of a plastic bonded explosive SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE HMX; PBX-9501; thermal decomposition; cook-off ID DELTA PHASE-TRANSITION; PBX-9501 AB Plastic bonded explosives when exposed to prolonged heating environments undergo a variety of changes that affect their bulk chemical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties. During slow heating conditions, referred to as cook-off, the thermal behavior of the polymeric binder plays an important role in the transformations of these composite energetic materials. The recently introduced Darcian flow hypothesis for PBX-9501 implies that, during preignition, temperature gradients will lead to pressure gradients which in turn will drive convection of decomposition gases throughout the explosive, thus affecting ignition time and location. Here, we focus on the cook-off behavior of PBX-9501 and investigate its effects on bulk permeability to gases produced as a result of thermal decomposition. The concept of Darcian convection through porous media is defined and illustrated in detail by the derivation of the governing equations for a permeameter. Based on a systematic analysis involving: 1) our current understanding about binder behavior as a function of temperature, 2) the physics of the gas permeameter apparatus, 3) the concept of liquid drainage by gas, and 4) the experimental record of four permeameter experiments with cooked PBX-9501, we conclude that samples heated up to 186 degrees C were not permeable in the Darcy-flow sense. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terrones, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terrones@lanl.gov OI Terrones, Guillermo/0000-0001-8245-5022 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1002/prep.200600046 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 100LV UT WOS:000241671500001 ER PT J AU Trzesniak, D Lins, RD van Gunsteren, WF AF Trzesniak, Daniel Lins, Roberto D. van Gunsteren, Wilfred F. TI Protein under pressure: Molecular dynamics simulation of the arc repressor SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; high pressure; protein unfolding; molecular dynamics; GROMOS force field ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIMPLE POINT-CHARGE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; THERMAL-DENATURATION; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; WATER AB Experimental nuclear magnetic resonance results for the Arc Repressor have shown that this dimeric protein dissociates into a molten globule at high pressure. This structural change is accompanied by a modification of the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the intermolecular beta-sheet: it changes its character from intermolecular to intramolecular with respect to the two monomers. Molecular dynamics simulations of the Arc Repressor, as a monomer and a dimer, at elevated pressure have been performed with the aim to study this hypothesis and to identify the major structural and dynamical changes of the protein under such conditions. The monomer appears less stable than the dimer. However, the complete dissociation has not been seen because of the long timescale needed to observe this phenomenon. In fact, the protein structure altered very little when increasing the pressure. It became slightly compressed and the dynamics of the side-chains and the unfolding process slowed down. Increasing both, temperature and pressure, a tendency of conversion of intermolecular into intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the beta-sheet region has been detected, supporting the mentioned hypothesis. Also, the onset of denaturation of the separated chains was observed. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Chem Phys Lab, HCI Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP van Gunsteren, WF (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Chem Phys Lab, HCI Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM wfvgn@igc.phys.chem.ethz.ch RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1002/prot.21034 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 080PN UT WOS:000240260100014 PM 16917942 ER PT J AU Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Krishna, SS Xu, QP Miller, MD Canaves, JM Elsliger, MA Floyd, R Grzechnik, SK Jaroszewski, L Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P McPhillips, TM Morse, AT Quijano, K Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Deacon, AM Godzik, A Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF Schwarzenbacher, Robert McMullan, Daniel Krishna, S. Sri Xu, Qingping Miller, Mitchell D. Canaves, Jaume M. Elsliger, Marc-Andre Floyd, Ross Grzechnik, Slawomir K. Jaroszewski, Lukasz Klock, Heath E. Koesema, Eric Kovarik, John S. Kreusch, Andreas Kuhn, Peter McPhillips, Timothy M. Morse, Andrew T. Quijano, Kevin Spraggon, Glen Stevens, Raymond C. van den Bedem, Henry Wolf, Guenter Hodgson, Keith O. Wooley, John Deacon, Ashley M. Godzik, Adam Lesley, Scott A. Wilson, Ian A. TI Crystal structure of a glycerate kinase (TM1585) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.70 angstrom resolution reveals a new fold SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; SEQUENCE; ENZYME; MODEL C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, La Jolla, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genomics Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI subramanian, srikrishna/D-5004-2009; Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI subramanian, srikrishna/0000-0002-3263-1048; Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411, U54 GM074898] NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1002/prot.21058 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 080PN UT WOS:000240260100024 PM 16865707 ER PT J AU Rajan, SS Yang, XJ Shuvalova, L Collart, F Anderson, WF AF Rajan, Shyamala S. Yang, Xiaojing Shuvalova, Ludmilla Collart, Frank Anderson, Wayne F. TI Crystal structure of YfiR, an unusual TetR/CamR-type putative transcriptional regulator from Bacillus subtilis SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANISMS C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM wf-anderson@northwestern.edu OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM062414] NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 1 BP 255 EP 257 DI 10.1002/prot.21073 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 080PN UT WOS:000240260100026 PM 16862575 ER PT J AU Yi, CL Zhu, L Seong, YB Owen, LA Finkel, RC AF Yi, Chaolu Zhu, Ling Seong, Yeong Bae Owen, Lewis A. Finkel, Robert C. TI A lateglacial rock avalanche event, Tianchi Lake, Tien Shan, Xinjiang SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Tibetan Plateau CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Lhasa, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples Govt Tibet Autonomous Reg China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Meteorol Adm, Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, China Off World Wildlife Fund, Japan Res Inst Human & Nat, Int Arct Res Ctr, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr US, Bureau Sci & Technol Tibet Autonomous Reg, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, China Soc Tibetan Plateau, Inst Plateau Meteorol China Meteorol Adm ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; BE-10; CALIFORNIA; HIMALAYA; GLACIATION; DEPOSITS; VALLEY AB The genesis of a diamicton deposit that dams Tianchi Lake in the eastern Tien Shan, Xinjiang, China, has been debated for many years, and it has generally been considered to have been either the result of landsliding or glacial deposition. Using geomorphic, sedimentological and geochronological techniques we re-examined this deposit to help elucidate its origin. The outer margin of the deposit can be traced up the adjacent hillside, where a series of steps within the bedrock are present and likely represent landslide scars. Within the lake the deposit has an undulating surface. The deposit is unstratified, comprising angular monomictic clasts that coarsen upward into boulders, which armor the surface. All these features suggest that the deposit was formed by landsliding. Furthermore, Be-10 cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating of boulders on the levee of the deposit show that the deposit probably formed during the Lateglacial, possibly at similar to 12 ka and is likely coincident to the Younger Dryas Slade. The sedimentological and geomorphic evidence support our view that the diamicton deposit is not of glacial origin, but was deposited by rock avalanching during the Lateglacial. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ, Dept Geog, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yi, CL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM clyi@itpcas.ac.cn NR 32 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 154 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.011 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 087SH UT WOS:000240762100005 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Finkel, RC Haizhou, M Barnard, PL AF Owen, Lewis A. Finkel, Robert C. Haizhou, Ma Barnard, Patrick L. TI Late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, Northern Tibet: A framework for examining the links between glaciation, lake level changes and alluvial fan formation SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Tibetan Plateau CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Lhasa, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples Govt Tibet Autonomous Reg China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Meteorol Adm, Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, China Off World Wildlife Fund, Japan Res Inst Human & Nat, Int Arct Res Ctr, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr US, Bureau Sci & Technol Tibet Autonomous Reg, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, China Soc Tibetan Plateau, Inst Plateau Meteorol China Meteorol Adm ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PLATEAU; PLEISTOCENE; HIMALAYA; EXTENT; BE-10; LUMINESCENCE; QINGHAI; MORAINES; PAKISTAN AB The Qaidam Basin in Northern Tibet is one of the largest hyper-arid intermontane basins on Earth. Alluvial fans, pediment surfaces, shorelines and a thick succession of sediments within the basin, coupled with moraines and associated landforms in the adjacent high mountain catchments of the Kunlun Mountains, record a complex history of Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and landscape evolution. The region provides an ideal natural laboratory to examine the interaction between tectonics and climate within a continent-continent collision zone, and to quantify rates of landscape evolution as controlled by climate and the associated glacial and hydrological changes in hyper-arid and adjacent high-altitude environments. Geomorphic mapping, analysis of landforms and sediments, and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure and optically stimulated luminescence dating serve to define the timing of formation of Late Quaternary landforms along the southern and northwestern margins of the Qaidam Basin, and in the Burhan Budai Shan of the Kunlun Mountains adjacent to the basin on the south. These dates provide a framework that suggests links between climatic amelioration, deglaciation, lake desiccation and alluvial fan evolution. At least three glacial advances are defined in the Burham Budai Shan of the Kunlun Mountains. On the northern side of this range these occurred in the penultimate glacial cycle or early in the last glacial cycle, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)/Lateglacial and during the Holocene. On the south side of the range, advances occurred during the penultimate glacial cycle, MIS-3, and possibly the LGM, Lateglacial or Holocene. Several distinct phases of alluvial fan sedimentation are likewise defined. Alluvial fans formed on the southern side of the Kunlun Mountains prior to 200 ka. Ice-contact alluvial fans formed during the penultimate glacial and during MTS-3. Extensive incised alluvial fans that form the main valley fills north of the Burham Budai and extend into the Qaidam Basin are dated to similar to 30 ka. These ages suggest that there was a period of alluvial fan aggradation and valley filling that persisted until desiccation of the large lakes in the Qaidam Basin post similar to 30 ka led to base level lowering and active incision of streams into the valley fills. The continued Lateglacial and Holocene desiccation likely led to further degradation of the valley fills. Ice wedge casts in the Qaidam Basin date to similar to 15ka, indicating significant Lateglacial climatic amelioration, while Holocene loess deposits north of the Burham Bdudai suggest that aridity has increased in the region since the early Holocene. From these observations, we infer that the major landscape changes within high glaciated mountains and their adjacent hyper-arid intermontane basins, such as the Kunlun Mountains and Qaidam Basin, occur rapidly over millennial timescales during periods of climatic instability. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Saline Lakes, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China. United States Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM lewis.owen@uc.edu NR 54 TC 86 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 154 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.008 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 087SH UT WOS:000240762100010 ER PT J AU Saganti, PB Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW Cleghorn, TF Zeitlin, CJ AF Saganti, Premkumar B. Cucinotta, Francis A. Wilson, John W. Cleghorn, Timothy F. Zeitlin, Cary J. TI Model calculations of the particle spectrum of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment: Assessment with ACE/CRIS and MARIE measurements SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; SURFACE; VISUALIZATION; FLUX AB For a given galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment, understanding the distribution of the particle flux (protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions) in deep-space and on the surface of planetary systems such as Mars are essential for the risk assessment of future human exploration missions. In our model calculations, we make use of the NASA's HZETRN (High Z and Energy Transport) code along with the nuclear fragmentation cross sections that are described by the quantum multiple scattering (QMSFRG) model with the time-dependant variation of the GCR environment derived making use of the solar modulation potential, phi. Data from the cosmic ray isotope spectrometer (CRIS) instrument onboard the advanced composition explorer (ACE) has been available from 1998. Data from the CRIS instrument is being analyzed to understand the short term variations in the particle spectrum during the current solar cycle phase. In this report, particle spectrum for December 2002 of the CRIS instrument was compared with the model calculations. Current assessment of the model calculations show very good agreement of the particle flux (similar to 15% for low Z and similar to 5% for high Z) data from Boron (Z = 5) through Nickel (Z = 28) nuclei for the energy bins reported by CRIS. Similarly, the model calculated dose-rate calculations are compared with the proton flux measured dose-rate from the Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) currently onboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft in Martian orbit for the month of August 2003 that is representative of a quiet-time GCR data at Mars. Current model calculations are well within 10% of the measured observations of MARIE. The predictive capabilities of the quiet-time GCR particle flux model calculations are promising for biological and shielding studies and for the radiation risk assessment for future human explorations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, NASA Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saganti, PB (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, NASA Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM pbsaganti@pvamu.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 1152 EP 1157 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.12.008 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 122RV UT WOS:000243245200014 ER PT J AU Zeitlin, C Guetersloh, SB Heilbronn, LH Miller, J Shavers, M AF Zeitlin, C. Guetersloh, S. B. Heilbronn, L. H. Miller, J. Shavers, M. TI Radiation tests of the extravehicular mobility unit space suit for the international space station using energetic protons SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE protons; shielding; spacesuit ID SCATTERING; SPECTRA; FE-56 AB Measurements to characterize the shielding properties of the EMU space suit and a human phantom were performed using 155 and 250 MeV proton beams at the Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC). The beams simulate radiation encountered in low-Earth orbit (LEO), where trapped protons having kinetic energies on the order of 100 MeV are abundant. Protons at these energies can penetrate many g/cm(2) of matter and deliver a dose to the skin and internal organs. The dose can be enhanced or reduced by shielding, either from the space suit or the self-shielding of the body, but minimization of the risk depends on knowledge of the detailed energy spectrum and on the dose responses of the critical organs. Nuclear interactions of energetic protons in materials produce highly ionizing secondary radiation that increases dose and dose-equivalent beyond what would be expected simply from increasing ionization energy loss along the Bragg curve. Here, we present results obtained using silicon detectors in the LLUMC proton beams. Bare-beam data were taken to characterize the beams and calibrate the detectors. Data were also taken with the detectors placed inside a human phantom within the EMU suit. Because many secondaries have very high LET and short range, they are best measured in passive track detectors such as CR-39 or in much thinner silicon detectors than those used here. Our data complement the CR-39 data in the LET range below 5 keV/mu m, where CR-39 is insensitive. Our results suggest that optimizing the radiation shielding properties of space suits is a formidable task-simply adding mass may not reduce the net risk, because adding material to reduce the dose delivered at or near the skin by low-energy particles can increase the dose delivered by more energetic particles to sites deeper in the body. The depth-dose relation therefore depends critically on the energy distribution of the incident protons. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Zeitlin, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cjzeitlin@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 1158 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.08.008 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 122RV UT WOS:000243245200015 ER PT J AU Desai, N Sodolak, J Gersey, B Durante, M Lin, ZW Rusek, A Cucinotta, FA Wu, H AF Desai, N. Sodolak, J. Gersey, B. Durante, M. Lin, Z. W. Rusek, A. Cucinotta, F. A. Wu, H. TI In vitro H2AX phosphorylation and micronuclei induction in human fibroblasts across the Bragg curve of a 577 MeV/nucleon Fe incident beam SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE shielding; high-LET; Bragg curve; H2AX; micronuclei ID ENERGY IRON IONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; RADIATION; IRRADIATION; SPACE; CELLS; BLOCK; THERAPY; HISTONE AB The space environment consists of a varying field of radiation particles including high-energy ions, with spacecraft shielding material providing the only major protection to astronauts from harmful exposure. Unlike low-linear energy transfer (LET) gamma or X-rays, the presence of shielding does not always reduce the radiation risks for energetic charged particle exposure, since the dose delivered by the charged particle increases sharply as the particle approaches the end of its range, a position known as the Bragg peak. The Bragg curve does not necessarily represent the biological damage along the particle traversal, and the "biological Bragg curve" is dependent on the energy and the type of the primary particle, and may vary for different biological endpoints. Here we used a unique irradiation geometry to measure the biological response across the Bragg curve in human fibroblasts exposed to 577 MeV/nucleon incident Fe ions in vitro. Polyethylene shielding was used to achieve a Bragg curve distribution with the beam geometry parallel to a monolayer of fibroblast cells. Qualitative analyses of gamma-H2AX fluorescence, a known marker of DSBs, indicated increased clustering of DNA damage before the Bragg peak, enhanced homogenous distribution at the peak, and provided visual evidence of high-LET particle traversal of cells beyond the Bragg peak in agreement with one-dimensional transport approximations. A quantitative biological response curve generated for micronuclei induction across the Bragg curve did not reveal an increased yield of micronuclei at the location of the Bragg peak. However, the percentage of mononucleated cells, which indicates inhibition in cell progression, increased at the location of the peak. These results confirm the argument that severely damaged cells at the Bragg peak, as observed by increased gamma-H2AX formation, are likely to go through reproduction death. Depending on the LET value of the primary particles, the yield of the biological endpoint of interest (micronuclei formation in the present study) may or may not increase at the location of the Bragg peak. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX USA. EM honglu.wu-1@nasa.gov RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.04.031 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 122RV UT WOS:000243245200020 ER PT J AU Taddei, PJ Borak, TB Guetersloh, SB Gersey, BB Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Miller, J Murakami, T Iwata, Y AF Taddei, Phillip J. Borak, Thomas B. Guetersloh, Stephen B. Gersey, Brad B. Zeitlin, Cary Heilbronn, Lawrence Miller, Jack Murakami, Takeshi Iwata, Yoshiyuki TI The response of a spherical tissue-equivalent proportional counter to different heavy ions having similar velocities SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; PARTICLES; TEPC; MICRODOSIMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; DOSIMETRY; DETECTOR AB A tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) has been used as a dosimeter in mixed radiation fields. Since it does not measure LET directly, the response function must be characterized in order to estimate quality factor and thus equivalent dose for the incident radiation. The objectives of this study were to measure the response of a spherical TEPC for different high-energy heavy ions (HZE) having similar velocity and to determine how quality factors can be determined. Data were obtained at the HIMAC heavy ion accelerator for He-4 and C-12 at 220 +/- 5 MeV/nucleon (beta = 0.59) and C-12, O-16, Si-28 and Fe-56 at 376 +/- 15 MeV/nucleon (beta = 0.70). A particle spectrometer recorded the charge and position of each incident beam particle. Events with low energy deposition were observed for particles that passed through the wall of the TEPC but not through the sensitive volume. The frequency averaged lineal energy, (y) over bar (f) was always less than the LET of the incident particles. The dose averaged lineal energy, D, was approximately equal to LET for particles with LET greater than 10keV/mu m, whereas D was larger than LET for the lighter particles with lower LET. Part of this effect is due to detector resolution and energy straggling that increases the variance of the response function. Although the TEPC is not a LET spectrometer, it can provide real time measurements of dose and provide estimates of quality factors for HZE particles using averaged values of lineal energy. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Dept Accelerator Phys & Engn, Inage Ku, Chiba 263, Japan. RP Borak, TB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tborak@colostate.edu RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013; OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057; Taddei, Phillip/0000-0002-4689-1625 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 1227 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.01.003 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 122RV UT WOS:000243245200022 ER PT J AU Cucinotta, FA Wilson, JW Saganti, P Hu, XD Kim, MHY Cleghorn, T Zeitlin, C Tripathi, RK AF Cucinotta, Francis A. Wilson, John W. Saganti, Premkumar Hu, Xiaodong Kim, Myung-Hee Y. Cleghorn, Timothy Zeitlin, Cary Tripathi, Ram K. TI Isotopic dependence of GCR fluence behind shielding SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE space radiation shielding; nuclear fragmentation; galactic cosmic rays ID FRAGMENTATION CROSS-SECTIONS; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEI; RADIATION; HYDROGEN; SPACE; MODEL; PROJECTILES; ENERGY AB In this paper we consider the effects of the isotopic composition of the primary galactic cosmic rays (GCR), nuclear fragmentation cross sections, and isotopic-grid on the solution to transport models used for shielding studies. Satellite measurements are used to describe the isotopic composition of the GCR. For the nuclear interaction data-base and transport solution, we use the quantum multiple scattering theory of nuclear fragmentation (QMSFRG) and high-charge and energy (HZETRN) transport code, respectively. The QMSFRG model is shown to accurately describe existing fragmentation data including proper description of the odd-even effects as function of the iso-spin dependence on the projectile nucleus. The principle finding of this study is that large errors (+/- 100%) will occur in the mass-fluence spectra when comparing transport models that use a complete isotopic-grid (similar to 170 ions) to ones that use a reduced isotopic-grid, for example the 59 ion-grid used in the HZETRN code in the past; however, less significant errors (< +/- 20%) occur in the elemental-fluence spectra. Because a complete isotopic-grid is readily handled on small computer workstations and is needed for several applications studying GCR propagation and scattering, it is recommended that they be used for future GCR studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23664 USA. Prairie View A&M, Prairie View, TX 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cucinotta, FA (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM Francis.A.Cucinotta@nasa.gov OI Kim, Myung-Hee/0000-0001-5575-6858 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 9-10 BP 1235 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.03.012 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 122RV UT WOS:000243245200023 ER PT J AU Quarles, CA Portillo, S AF Quarles, C. A. Portillo, Sal TI Review of absolute doubly differential cross-section experiments and cross-section ratios for electron bremsstrahlung from rare gas atom and thin-film targets SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD BREMSSTRAHLUNG; ORBITAL ELECTRONS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; Z-DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; ENERGY; COLLISIONS; RADIATION; HYDROGEN; INCIDENT AB We discuss doubly differential cross-section experiments for electron bremsstrahlung from free gas atom and thin-film targets for electron energies of 100 keV or less. We compare cross-section ratios for different target atoms with two theoretical models: ordinary bremsstrahlung and total bremsstrahlung calculated in the stripping approximation. Ratios of cross sections have been used to improve the comparison between experiment and theory when only relative cross sections are available or when the error in the absolute cross section is large. We also discuss additional background processes that may be more important in gas target experiments. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quarles, CA (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, TCU Box 298840, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM c.quarles@tcu.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1187 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.12.022 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 094TX UT WOS:000241263100006 ER PT J AU Wu, H Hada, M Meador, J Hu, X Rusek, A Cucinotta, FA AF Wu, H. Hada, M. Meador, J. Hu, X. Rusek, A. Cucinotta, F. A. TI Induction of micronuclei in human fibroblasts across the Bragg curve of energetic heavy ions SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; RADIATION; CELLS; IRRADIATION; BLOCK; ABERRATIONS; INTERPHASE; THERAPY; REPAIR AB The space environment consists of a varying field of radiation particles including high-energy ions, with spacecraft shielding material providing the major protection to astronauts from harmful exposure. Unlike low-LET gamma or X rays, the presence of shielding does not always reduce the radiation risks for energetic charged-particle exposure. The dose delivered by the charged particle increases sharply as the particle approaches the end of its range, a position known as the Bragg peak. However, the Bragg curve does not necessarily represent the biological damage along the particle path since biological effects are influenced by the track structures of both primary and secondary particles. Therefore, the "biological Bragg curve" is dependent on the energy and the type of the primary particle and may vary for different biological end points. Here we report measurements of the biological response across the Bragg curve in human fibroblasts exposed to energetic silicon and iron ions in vitro at two different energies, 300 MeV/nucleon and 1 GeV/nucleon. A quantitative biological response curve generated for micronuclei per bi-nucleated cell across the Bragg curve did not reveal an increased yield of micronuclei at the location of the Bragg peak. However, the ratio of mono- to binucleated cells, which indicates inhibition of cell progression, increased at the Bragg peak location. These results confirm the hypothesis that severely damaged cells at the Bragg peak are more likely to go through reproductive death and not be evaluated for micronuclei. (c) 2006 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adapt & Countermeasures Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adapt & Countermeasures Off, Mail Code SK,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM honglu.wu-1@nasa.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1667/RR0535.1 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089LV UT WOS:000240883000003 PM 17007550 ER PT J AU Horne, SF Besen, MM D'Agostino, R Smith, DK Blackborow, PA Aquila, A AF Horne, S. F. Besen, M. M. D'Agostino, R. Smith, D. K. Blackborow, P. A. Aquila, A. TI A novel, high-brightness electrodeless z-pinch soft X-ray source for microbeam applications SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Workshop on Microbeam Probes of Cellular Radiation Response CY MAR 15-17, 2006 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID MICROSCOPY C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Inc, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Cent Xray opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 4 BP 656 EP 657 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089LV UT WOS:000240883000017 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA Thompson, AC Schwarz, RI Chang, P Bjornstad, K Rosen, C Wisnewski, C Mocherla, D Parvin, B AF Blakely, E. A. Thompson, A. C. Schwarz, R. I. Chang, P. Bjornstad, K. Rosen, C. Wisnewski, C. Mocherla, D. Parvin, B. TI Radiation-induced bystander effects with a 12.5 keV X-ray microbeam SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Workshop on Microbeam Probes of Cellular Radiation Response CY MAR 15-17, 2006 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 4 BP 684 EP 684 PG 1 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089LV UT WOS:000240883000050 ER PT J AU Sowa, MB Goetz, W Baulch, JE Morgan, WF AF Sowa, M. B. Goetz, W. Baulch, J. E. Morgan, W. F. TI Low-LET bystander responses in gap junction null human colon carcinoma cells (RKO36) SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Workshop on Microbeam Probes of Cellular Radiation Response CY MAR 15-17, 2006 CL Columbia Univ, New York, NY HO Columbia Univ ID IONIZING-RADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICROBEAM; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; DAMAGE C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chen Struct & Dynam, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Maryland, Radiation Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Greenbaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 166 IS 4 BP 688 EP 689 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089LV UT WOS:000240883000056 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Cooke, RM McKay, MD Saltelli, A AF Helton, J. C. Cooke, R. M. McKay, M. D. Saltelli, A. TI Sensitivity analysis of model output: SAMO 2004 SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GUEST EDITORIAL; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Math, Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov; r.m.cooke@ewi.tudelft.nl; michaelm@cybermesa.com; andrea.saltelli@jrc.it RI ming-jui, chang/F-9294-2015; OI saltelli, andrea/0000-0003-4222-6975 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1105 EP 1108 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400001 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Johnson, JD Sallaberry, CJ Storlie, CB AF Helton, J. C. Johnson, J. D. Sallaberry, C. J. Storlie, C. B. TI Survey of sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE aleatory uncertainty; epistemic uncertainty; Latin hypercube sampling; Monte Carlo; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID PROBABILISTIC RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; SPATIAL POINT PATTERNS; ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; 1996 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; MONTE-CARLO TECHNIQUES; DIMENSIONAL MODEL REPRESENTATIONS; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE DISPOSAL; IDENTIFY IMPORTANT FACTORS; HIGHLY DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AB Sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are reviewed. The following topics are considered: (i) definition of probability distributions to characterize epistemic uncertainty in analysis inputs, (ii) generation of samples from uncertain analysis inputs, (iii) propagation of sampled inputs through an analysis, (iv) presentation of uncertainty analysis results, and (v) determination of sensitivity analysis results. Special attention is given to the determination of sensitivity analysis results, with brief descriptions and illustrations given for the following procedures/techniques: examination of scatterplots, correlation analysis, regression analysis, partial correlation analysis, rank transformations, statistical tests for patterns based on gridding, entropy tests for patterns based on gridding, nonparametric regression analysis, squared rank differences/rank correlation coefficient test, two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, tests for patterns based on distance measures, top down coefficient of concordance, and variance decomposition. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6849, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ProStat, Mesa, AZ 85204 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6849, MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov RI ming-jui, chang/F-9294-2015; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 212 TC 426 Z9 443 U1 14 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 EI 1879-0836 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1175 EP 1209 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.017 PG 35 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400009 ER PT J AU Tong, C AF Tong, Charles TI Refinement strategies for stratified sampling methods SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE Latin hypercube; orthogonal arrays; design of experiments ID LATIN HYPERCUBES; INPUT VARIABLES AB In many computer experiments the adequacy of a given sample to give acceptable statistical estimates cannot be determined a priori, and thus the ability to extend or refine an experimental design may be important. This paper describes refinement strategies for the class of stratified experimental designs such as latin hypercubes, orthogonal arrays, and factorial designs. A few applications are given to demonstrate their usefulness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tong, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chtong@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1257 EP 1265 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400015 ER PT J AU Romero, VJ Burkardt, JV Gunzburger, MD Peterson, JS AF Romero, Vicente J. Burkardt, John V. Gunzburger, Max D. Peterson, Janet S. TI Comparison of pure and "Latinized" centroidal Voronoi tessellation against various other statistical sampling methods SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE centroidal Voronoi tessellation; statistical sampling methods; uncertainty propagation AB A recently developed centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) sampling method is investigated here to assess its suitability for use in statistical sampling applications. CVT efficiently generates a highly uniform distribution of sample points over arbitrarily shaped M-dimensional parameter spaces. On several 2-D test problems CVT has recently been found to provide exceedingly effective and efficient point distributions for response surface generation. Additionally, for statistical function integration and estimation of response statistics associated with uniformly distributed random-variable inputs (uncorrelated), CVT has been found in initial investigations to provide superior points sets when compared against latin-hypercube and simple-random Monte Carlo methods and Halton and Hammersley quasi-random sequence methods. In this paper, the performance of all these sampling methods and a new variant ("Latinized" CVT) are further compared for non-uniform input distributions. Specifically, given uncorrelated normal inputs in a 2-D test problem, statistical sampling efficiencies are compared for resolving various statistics of response: mean, variance, and exceedence probabilities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Model Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Romero, VJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Model Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM vjromer@sandia.gov; burkardt@csit.fsu.edu; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu; jspeters@csit.fsu.edu NR 24 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1266 EP 1280 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.023 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400016 ER PT J AU Moore, LM McKay, MD Campbell, KS AF Moore, L. M. McKay, M. D. Campbell, K. S. TI Combined array experiment design SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE computer experiments; experiment design; fractional factorial design; orthogonal arrays; correlation coefficient; space-filling design; maximin distance AB Experiment plans formed by combining two or more designs, such as orthogonal arrays primarily with 2- and 3-level factors, creating multi-level arrays with subsets of different strength are proposed for computer experiments to conduct sensitivity analysis. Specific illustrations are designs for 5-level factors with fewer runs than generally required for 5-level orthogonal arrays of strength 2 or more. At least 5 levels for each input are desired to allow for runs at a nominal value, 2-values either side of nominal but within a normal, anticipated range, and two, more extreme values either side of nominal. This number of levels allows for a broader range of input combinations to test the input combinations where a simulation code operates. Five-level factors also allow the possibility of up to fourth-order polynomial models for fitting simulation results, at least in one dimension. By having subsets of runs with more than strength 2, interaction effects may also be considered. The resulting designs have a "checker-board" pattern in lower-dimensional projections, in contrast to grid projection that occurs with orthogonal arrays. Space-filling properties are also considered as a basis for experiment design assessment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp D1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp D1, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lmoore@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1281 EP 1289 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.024 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400017 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B AF Rutherford, Brian TI A response-modeling alternative to surrogate models for support in computational analyses SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE computational simulation; meta-model; prediction; response modeling; response surface; surrogate models ID INPUT VARIABLES AB Often, the objectives in a computational analysis involve characterization of system performance based on some function of the computed response. In general, this characterization includes (at least) an estimate or prediction for some performance measure and an estimate of the associated uncertainty. Surrogate models can be used to approximate the response in regions where simulations were not performed. For most surrogate modeling approaches, however, (1) estimates are based on smoothing of available data and (2) uncertainty in the response is specified in a point-wise (in the input space) fashion. These aspects of the surrogate model construction might limit their capabilities. One alternative is to construct a probability measure, G(r), for the computer response, r, based on available data. This "response-modeling" approach will permit probability estimation for an arbitrary event, E(r), based on the computer response. In this general setting, event probabilities can be computed: prob(E) = integral I-r(E(r))dG(r) where I is the indicator function. Furthermore, one can use G(r) to calculate an induced distribution on a performance measure, pm. For prediction problems where the performance measure is a scalar, its distribution F-pm is determined by: F-pm(z) = integral I-r(pm(r) <= z)dG(r). We introduce response models for scalar computer output and then generalize the approach to more complicated responses that utilize multiple response models. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 12323, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 12323, MS0829, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmruthe@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1322 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.050 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400022 ER PT J AU Trucano, TG Swiler, LP Igusa, T Oberkampf, WL Pilch, M AF Trucano, T. G. Swiler, L. P. Igusa, T. Oberkampf, W. L. Pilch, M. TI Calibration, validation, and sensitivity analysis: What's what SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM ID PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT; LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENTS; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS; EPISTEMIC UNCERTAINTY; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; GUEST EDITORIAL; MODELS; CODE AB One very simple interpretation of calibration is to adjust a set of parameters associated with a computational science and engineering code so that the model agreement is maximized with respect to a set of experimental data. One very simple interpretation of validation is to quantify our belief in the predictive capability of a computational code through comparison with a set of experimental data. Uncertainty in both the data and the code are important and must be mathematically understood to correctly perform both calibration and validation. Sensitivity analysis, being an important methodology in uncertainty analysis, is thus important to both calibration and validation. In this paper, we intend to clarify the language just used and express some opinions on the associated issues. We will endeavor to identify some technical challenges that must be resolved for successful validation of a predictive modeling capability. One of these challenges is a formal description of a "model discrepancy" term. Another challenge revolves around the general adaptation of abstract learning theory as a formalism that potentially encompasses both calibration and validation in the face of model uncertainty. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Estimat Proc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trucano, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tgtruca@sandia.gov; lpswile@sandia.gov; tigusa@jhu.edu; wloberk@sandia.gov; mpilch@sandia.gov RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011; Igusa, Takeru/A-3218-2010 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813; Igusa, Takeru/0000-0002-3632-2867 NR 83 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1331 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.031 PG 27 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400023 ER PT J AU Campbell, K AF Campbell, Katherine TI Statistical calibration of computer simulations SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE calibration; simulation; prediction errors; calibrated prediction; uncertainty analysis; Bayesian model calibration; statistical emulation; generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation; regional sensitivity analysis ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MODEL CALIBRATION; PEEL INLET; EUTROPHICATION; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION AB This paper surveys issues associated with the statistical calibration of physics-based computer simulators. Even in solidly physics-based models there are usually a number of parameters that are suitable targets for calibration. Statistical calibration means refining the prior distributions of such uncertain parameters based on matching some simulation outputs with data, as opposed to the practice of "tuning" or point estimation that is commonly called calibration in non-statistical contexts. Older methods for statistical calibration are reviewed before turning to recent work in which the calibration problem is embedded in a Gaussian process model. In procedures of this type, parameter estimation is carried out simultaneously with the estimation of the relationship between the calibrated simulator and truth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Campbell, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ksmithcamp@cybermesa.com NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1358 EP 1363 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.032 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400024 ER PT J AU Heasler, PG Burr, T Reid, B Gesh, C Bayne, C AF Heasler, Patrick G. Burr, Tom Reid, Bruce Gesh, Christopher Bayne, Charles TI Estimation procedures and error analysis for inferring the total plutonium (Pu) produced by a graphite-moderated reactor SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE measurement uncertainty; local and global reactor code errors; basis functions; Monte-Carlo simulation; uncertainty in estimated plutonium AB Graphite isotope ratio method (GIRM) is a technique that uses measurements and computer models to estimate total plutonium (Pu) production in a graphite-moderated reactor. First, isotopic ratios of trace elements in extracted graphite samples from the target reactor are measured. Then, computer models of the reactor relate those ratios to Pu production. Because Pu is controlled under nonproliferation agreements, an estimate of total Pu production is often required, and a declaration of total Pu might need to be verified through GIRM. In some cases, reactor information (such as core dimensions, coolant details, and operating history) are so well documented that computer models can predict total Pu production without the need for measurements. However, in most cases, reactor information is imperfectly known, so a measurement and model-based method such as GIRM is essential. Here, we focus on GIRM's estimation procedure and its associated uncertainty. We illustrate a simulation strategy for a specific reactor that estimates GIRM's uncertainty and determines which inputs contribute most to GIRM's uncertainty, including inputs to the computer models. These models include a "local" code that relates isotopic ratios to the local Pu production, and a "global" code that predicts the Pu production shape over the entire reactor. This predicted shape is included with other 3D basis functions to provide a "hybrid basis set" that is used to fit the local Pu production estimates. The fitted shape can then be integrated over the entire reactor to estimate total Pu production. This GIRM evaluation provides a good example of several techniques of uncertainty analysis and introduces new reasons to fit a function using basis functions in the evaluation of the impact of uncertainty in the true 3D shape. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Heasler, PG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM patrick.heasler@pnl.gov; tburr@lanl.gov; bayneck@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1406 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.036 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400030 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Johnson, JD Oberkampf, WL Sallaberry, CJ AF Helton, J. C. Johnson, J. D. Oberkampf, W. L. Sallaberry, C. J. TI Sensitivity analysis in conjunction of with evidence theory representations epistemic uncertainty SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE epistemic uncertainty; evidence theory; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis; variance decomposition ID RISK ANALYSIS; PROBABILITY; SYSTEMS; MODELS; OUTPUT; INPUT; SIMULATION; INFERENCE; BELIEF; SAFETY AB Three applications of sampling-based sensitivity analysis in conjunction with evidence theory representations for epistemic uncertainty in model inputs are described: (i) an initial exploratory analysis to assess model behavior and provide insights for additional analysis; (ii) a stepwise analysis showing the incremental effects of uncertain variables on complementary cumulative belief functions and complementary cumulative plausibility functions; and (iii) a summary analysis showing a spectrum of variance-based sensitivity analysis results that derive from probability spaces that are consistent with the evidence space under consideration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1533, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. ProStat, Mesa, AZ 85204 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1533, MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov RI ming-jui, chang/F-9294-2015; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 56 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1414 EP 1434 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.055 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400031 ER PT J AU Campbell, K Mckay, MD Williams, BJ AF Campbell, Katherine Mckay, Michael D. Williams, Brian J. TI Sensitivity analysis when model outputs are functions SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Sensitivity Analysis of Model Output (SAMO 2004) CY MAR 08-11, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE functional sensitivity analysis; functional data analysis; basis functions AB When outputs of computational models are time series or functions of other continuous variables like distance, angle, etc., it can be that primary interest is in the general pattern or structure of the curve. In these cases, model sensitivity and uncertainty analysis focuses on the effect of model input choices and uncertainties in the overall shapes of such curves. We explore methods for characterizing a set of functions generated by a series of model runs for the purpose of exploring relationships between these functions and the model inputs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brianw@lanl.gov OI Williams, Brian/0000-0002-3465-4972 NR 5 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 91 IS 10-11 BP 1468 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2005.11.049 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AW UT WOS:000241350400036 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL AF Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Sanford, T. W. L. Nash, T. J. Mock, R. C. Peterson, D. L. TI Diagnosing the properties of dynamic Hohlraums with tracer spectroscopy (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID X-RAY SOURCE; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; PLASMAS; ARGON; POWER AB A dynamic Hohlraum (DH) is formed when arrays of tungsten wires driven by a high current pulse implode upon a cylindrical foam target. At impact, the wire plasma launches a radiating shock in the foam and confines the radiation. This sequence of events forms an intense, similar to 200 - 250 eV Planckian x-ray source which is a prime candidate for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. In recent DH experiments on the 20 MA Z facility, Al and MgF2 tracer layers were embedded in the cylindrical foam targets to provide K-shell lines in the keV spectral region for diagnosing the conditions of the interior Hohlraum plasma. Time-resolved K-shell spectra of both Al and Mg show mostly absorption lines. These data can be understood and quantitatively analyzed with detailed atomic and radiation transport models. The analyses show no evidence of intrinsic differences in the properties of the tops and bottoms of the Hohlraums. The interiors of the cylindrical Hohlraums are found to be hotter than the ends. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM apruzese@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F303 DI 10.1063/1.2219436 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800201 ER PT J AU Barrera, CA Morse, EC Moran, MJ AF Barrera, Carlos A. Morse, Edward C. Moran, Michael J. TI Image reconstruction algorithms for inertial confinement fusion neutron imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA AB A neutron imaging system is required to diagnose ignition implosions at the National Ignition Facility. Such a system is required to be able to resolve features in the imploded target core as small as 5 mu m. The system will use a pinhole-camera-type geometry with a nonideal coded aperture and will employ image restoration techniques. The choice of image reconstruction method will be important in recovering the best possible source images from the recorded data. Monte Carlo transport simulations with MCNP5 make it possible to estimate the performance of the neutron imaging system based on calculated energy-dependent image edits of a failed inertial confinement fusion implosion. Simulations of the recorded neutron images include specific aperture designs, a pixelated energy-and time-dependent scintillator array, and an intensified gated charge coupled device camera for recording the images. An initial series of simulations used a source that was binned into 1 MeV increments from 6 to 18 MeV, an imaging aperture approximately 40 cm from target chamber center, and a detector array at 40 m, for a system magnification of around 100. A modified regularization method used the calculated point spread function of the overall system to deconvolve the simulated images. The results demonstrate the possibility that the imaging system can satisfy the resolution requirements and provide the desired images of the neutron emission source. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barrera, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbarrera@nuc.berkeley.edu NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E716 DI 10.1063/1.22220042 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800119 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Bitter, M Roquemore, L Lepson, JK Cu, MF AF Beiersdorfer, P. Bitter, M. Roquemore, L. Lepson, J. K. Cu, M. -F. TI Grazing-incidence spectrometer for soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; EXPERIMENT NSTX; TOKAMAK PLASMA; REGION; LINES; FE; SPECTROGRAPH; EMISSION; IMPURITY; PROGRESS AB A compact grazing-incidence spectrometer has been implemented on the National Spherical Torus Experiment for spectral measurements in the 6-65 angstrom spectral region. The spectrometer employed a 2400l/mm grating designed for flat-field focusing and a cryogenically cooled charge-coupled device camera for readout. The instrument was tested by recording the K-shell lines of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well the L-shell lines from argon, iron, and nickel that fall into this spectral band. The observed linewidth was about 0.1 angstrom, which corresponds to a resolving power of 400 for the C V lines. A temporal resolution as fast as 50 ms was obtained. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F306 DI 10.1063/1.2220478 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800204 ER PT J AU Bell, RE AF Bell, Ronald E. TI Carbon ion plume emission produced by charge exchange with neutral beams on National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS AB Emission from impurity ions excited by charge exchange with injected beam neutrals is widely used to provide local measurements of ion temperature, velocity, and density. Following the charge exchange process, hydrogenic impurity ions travel along magnetic field lines and may be excited by electron impact from the ground state before they are ionized, producing "plume" emission. This nonlocal emission from plume ions that drift into view can adversely affect the interpretation of charge exchange spectra. Carbon plume emission is observed in the background sightlines of the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic of the National Spherical Torus Experiment. In plasmas with high rotation, superthermal flow of carbon ions produces a near Gaussian line shape for the plume emission. Modeling of the production, electron impact excitation, and ionization of the plume ions along the magnetic field lines yields line widths and line shifts consistent with observations. A radial shift between the measured and modeled plume brightness profiles is observed. Plume emission is observed on sightlines that equilibrium reconstruction indicates are not connected to the neutral beam volume, indicating a possible new constraint for the equilibrium reconstruction. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E902 DI 10.1063/1.2217012 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800135 ER PT J AU Bennett, GR Sinars, DB Wenger, DF Cuneo, ME Adams, RG Barnard, WJ Beutler, DE Burr, RA Campbell, DV Claus, LD Foresi, JS Johnson, DW Keller, KL Lackey, C Leifeste, GT McPherson, LA Mulville, TD Neely, KA Rambo, PK Rovang, DC Ruggles, LE Porter, JL Simpson, WW Smith, IC Speas, CS AF Bennett, G. R. Sinars, D. B. Wenger, D. F. Cuneo, M. E. Adams, R. G. Barnard, W. J. Beutler, D. E. Burr, R. A. Campbell, D. V. Claus, L. D. Foresi, J. S. Johnson, D. W. Keller, K. L. Lackey, C. Leifeste, G. T. McPherson, L. A. Mulville, T. D. Neely, K. A. Rambo, P. K. Rovang, D. C. Ruggles, L. E. Porter, J. L. Simpson, W. W. Smith, I. C. Speas, C. S. TI High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151 keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia's Z accelerator (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID PHYSICS AB When used for the production of an x-ray imaging backlighter source on Sandia National Laboratories' 20 MA, 100 ns rise-time Z accelerator [M. K. Matzen et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 055503 (2005)], the terawatt-class, multikilojoule, 526.57 nm Z-Beamlet laser (ZBL) [P. K. Rambo et al., Appl. Opt. 44, 2421 (2005)], in conjunction with the 6.151 keV, Mn-He-alpha curved-crystal imager [D. B. Sinars et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3672 (2004)], is capable of providing a high quality x radiograph per Z shot for various high-energy-density physics experiments. Enhancements to this imaging system during 2005 have led to the capture of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics images of significantly higher quality. The three main improvements, all leading effectively to enhanced image plane brightness, were bringing the source inside the Rowland circle to approximately double the collection solid angle, replacing direct exposure film with Fuji BAS-TR2025 image plate (read with a Fuji BAS-5000 scanner), and generating a 0.3 -0.6 ns, similar to 200 J prepulse 2 ns before the 1.0 ns, similar to 1 kJ main pulse to more than double the 6.151 keV flux produced compared with a single 1 kJ pulse. It appears that the 20 +/- 5 mu m imaging resolution is limited by the 25 mu m scanning resolution of the BAS-5000 unit, and to this end, a higher resolution scanner will replace it. ZBL is presently undergoing modifications to provide two temporally separated images ("two-frame") per Z shot for this system before the accelerator closes down in summer 2006 for the Z-refurbished (ZR) upgrade. In 2008, after ZR, it is anticipated that the high-energy petawatt (HEPW) addition to ZBL will be completed, possibly allowing high-energy 11.2224 and 15.7751 keV K alpha(1) curved-crystal imaging to be performed. With an ongoing several-year project to develop a highly sensitive multiframe ultrafast digital x-ray camera (MUDXC), it is expected that two-frame HEPW 11 and 16 keV imaging and four-frame ZBL 6.151 keV curved-crystal imaging will be possible. MUDXC will be based on the technology of highly cooled silicon and germanium photodiode arrays and ultrafast, radiation-hardened integrated circuitry. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bennett, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E322 DI 10.1063/1.2336433 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800069 ER PT J AU Bland, SN Bott, SC Hall, GN Lebedev, SV Suzuki, F Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA AF Bland, S. N. Bott, S. C. Hall, G. N. Lebedev, S. V. Suzuki, F. Ampleford, D. J. Palmer, J. B. A. Pikuz, S. A. Shelkovenko, T. A. TI Diagnostics for studying the dynamics of wire array Z pinches SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA AB The evolution of a wire array Z pinch encompasses a huge range of conditions-with spatial dimensions varying from micrometers to centimeters, densities from solid metal through plasmas of 10(15)-10(22) e(-) cm(-3), and temperatures from sub-eV to many 100 eV. We present a summary of the diagnostics developed and used at the Imperial College MAGPIE facility to study the formation and dynamics of plasma in wire array Z pinches, describing the plasma conditions for which they are useful, their various limitations, and some of the novel diagnostic techniques applied. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. AWE Plc, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bland, SN (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM sn.bland@imperial.ac.uk RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015; Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015; Shelkovenko, Tatiana/M-8254-2015 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F326 DI 10.1063/1.2336470 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800224 ER PT J AU Bradley, PA Wilson, DC Delamater, ND Douglas, MR AF Bradley, P. A. Wilson, D. C. Delamater, N. D. Douglas, M. R. TI Diagnosis of ignition failure modes with 1 MJ capsule-Hohlraum designs SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID FACILITY; NEUTRON AB At Los Alamos, we have been working on two-dimensional capsule-Hohlraum implosion calculations for the NIF that utilize a laser drive pulse that peaks at similar to 300 eV and uses about 1 MJ of laser energy. We use a 0.3 at. % uniformly Cu doped beryllium ablator capsule that has an inner ice radius of 753 mu m, inner ablator radius of 825 mu m, and an outer ablator radius of 1000 mu m. Our Hohlraum has a diameter of 5.02 mm and a length of 8.56 mm. We use a Hohlraum gas fill density of 1.3 mg/cm(3) and obtain ignition with yields up to 9.8 MJ, but we also have some failures due to bad shock timing or different pointing positions of the inner and outer laser cones. We describe the salient features of our implosions and show postprocessed diagnostic signatures from x-ray and neutron images, along with reaction history plots to show how we can diagnose "failures" and how to correct for them based on these diagnostics. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pbradley@lanl.gov OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E707 DI 10.1063/1.2228682 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800110 ER PT J AU Chen, H Wilks, SC Patel, PK Shepherd, R AF Chen, Hui Wilks, Scott C. Patel, Parvesh K. Shepherd, Ronnie TI Short pulse laser produced energetic electron and positron measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID ULTRAINTENSE LASERS; SPECTROMETER AB Very energetic (> MeV) electrons are commonly produced from ultraintense (> 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser-solid interactions. Diagnosing these so-called hot electrons is of fundamental importance in understanding the detailed laser plasma physics present in these interactions, as well as in potential applications. Interestingly, positrons can also be produced in these interactions if the number and effective temperature of hot electrons exceed a threshold value. This additional information may help to better determine the effective electron temperature that exists in these targets. We have designed and constructed a compact spectrometer that can simultaneously measure the energy spectra of both electrons and positrons. Presented here are the principles of the spectrometer together with its experimental results obtained on the ultraintense (> 10(19) W/cm(2)) lasers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Vulcan petawatt laser. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E703 DI 10.1063/1.2220141 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800106 ER PT J AU Darrow, D Baeumel, S Cecil, E Ellis, B Fullard, K Hill, K Horton, A Kiptily, V Pedrick, L Reich, M Werner, A AF Darrow, Doug Baeumel, Stefan Cecil, Ed Ellis, Bob Fullard, Keith Hill, Ken Horton, Alan Kiptily, Vasily Pedrick, Les Reich, Matthias Werner, Andreas CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Initial results from the lost alpha diagnostics on Joint European Torus SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID FAST-ION LOSS AB Two devices have been installed in the Joint European Torus (JET) vacuum vessel near the plasma boundary to investigate the loss of energetic ions and fusion products in general and alpha particles in particular during the upcoming JET experiments. These devices are (i) a set of multichannel thin foil Faraday collectors and (ii) a well collimated scintillator, which is optically connected to a charge-coupled device. Initial results including the radial energy and poloidal dependence of lost ions from hydrogen and deuterium plasmas during the 2005-06 JET restart campaign will be presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Darrow, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM fcecil@mines.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E701 DI 10.1063/1.2217928 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800104 ER PT J AU Dauffy, LS Koch, JA Izumi, N Tommasini, R AF Dauffy, L. S. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Tommasini, R. TI Recovery of a chemical vapor deposited diamond detection system from strong pulses of laser produced x rays SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID RADIOGRAPHY AB We are planning an experiment that will study the response of a chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond detector to a strong x-ray pulse followed by a second weaker pulse arriving 50-300 ns later, with a contrast in amplitude of about 1000. These tests will be performed at the LLNL Jupiter laser facility and are intended to produce charge carrier densities similar to those expected during a DT implosion at the National Ignition Facility, where a large 14.1 MeV neutron pulse is followed by a weak downscattered neutron signal produced by slower 6-10 MeV neutrons. The areal density rho R is proportional to the number of downscattered neutrons. The challenge of measuring rho R resides consequently in the effects of the first strong pulse on the weaker later pulse, which may include the saturation of the diamond wafer, saturation of the oscilloscope, or saturation of the associated power and data acquisition electronics. We are presenting the preparation of a double pulse experiment that will use a system of three polycrystalline CVD diamond detectors irradiated by 8.6 keV x rays produced by two laser beams incident on a zinc target. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dauffy, LS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F316 DI 10.1063/1.2235475 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800214 ER PT J AU Delamater, N Bradley, P Magelssen, G Wilson, D AF Delamater, N. Bradley, P. Magelssen, G. Wilson, D. TI Calculation of re-emission diagnostic in NIF ignition Hohlraum at 1 MJ laser energy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID ASYMMETRY; TARGETS; NOVA; BALL AB Preliminary results of a two-dimensional design study are discussed for a SiO2 foam filled Hohlraum containing a Bi-coated re-emission capsule. The Hohlraum wall consists of a Au-U "cocktail"designed to maximize the amount of x-ray energy produced for the capsule to absorb, given the 1 MJ laser energy into the Hohlraum. The foam fill acts to minimize wall expansion while maintaining symmetric drive on the capsule. Various foam densities and laser pointings for most efficient drive are considered. Sensitivities to drive asymmetries during the long "foot"portion of the laser drive are calculated and shown for the re-emission capsule. The foam fill was found to affect the re-emit symmetry much more than a H/He gas fill. Compensating effects in beam balance or pointing are required to maintain best symmetry. The effect of the diagnostic on the Hohlraum environment with a Cu-doped Be ignition capsule is discussed. Effects of optimal filtering for maximum signal detectability are considered. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delamater, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E302 DI 10.1063/1.2217008 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800049 ER PT J AU Dewald, EL Jones, OS Landen, OL Suter, L Amendt, P Turner, RE Regan, S AF Dewald, E. L. Jones, O. S. Landen, O. L. Suter, L. Amendt, P. Turner, R. E. Regan, S. TI Hard x-ray imaging for measuring laser absorption spatial profiles on the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA AB Hard x-ray ("thin wall") imaging will be employed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to spatially locate laser beam energy deposition regions on the hohlraum walls in indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments, relevant for ICF symmetry tuning. Based on time resolved imaging of the hard x ray emission of the laser spots, this method will be used to infer hohlraum wall motion due to x ray and laser ablation and any beam refraction caused by plasma density gradients. In optimizing this measurement, issues that have to be addressed are hard x-ray visibility during the entire ignition laser pulse with intensities ranging from 10(13) to 10(15) W/cm(2), as well as simultaneous visibility of the inner and the outer laser drive cones. In this work we will compare the hard x-ray emission calculated by LASNEX and analytical modeling with thin wall imaging data recorded previously on Omega and during the first hohlraum experiments on NIF. Based on these calculations and comparisons the thin wall imaging will be optimized for ICF/NIF experiments. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Dewald, EL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E310 DI 10.1063/1.2216991 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800057 ER PT J AU Diem, SJ Taylor, G Efthimion, PC LeBlanc, BP Carter, M Caughman, J Wilgen, JB Harvey, RW Preinhaelter, J Urban, J AF Diem, S. J. Taylor, G. Efthimion, P. C. LeBlanc, B. P. Carter, M. Caughman, J. Wilgen, J. B. Harvey, R. W. Preinhaelter, J. Urban, J. TI T-e(R, t) measurements using electron Bernstein wave thermal emission on NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC MODE; CONVERSION AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment ( NSTX ) routinely studies overdense plasmas with ne of (1-5)x10(19) m(-3) and total magnetic field of < 0.6T, so that the first several electron cyclotron harmonics are overdense. The electrostatic electron Bernstein wave (EBW) can propagate in overdense plasmas, exhibits strong absorption, and is thermally emitted at electron cyclotron harmonics. These properties allow thermal EBW emission to be used for local T-e measurement. A significant upgrade to the previous NSTX EBW emission diagnostic to measure thermal EBW emission via the oblique B-X-O mode conversion process has been completed. The new EBW diagnostic consists of two remotely steerable, quad-ridged horn antennas, each of which is coupled to a dual channel radiometer. Fundamental (8-18 GHz) and second and third harmonic (18-40 GHz) thermal EBW emission and polarization measurements can be obtained simultaneously.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. Czech Inst Plasma Phys, Prague 18200 8, Czech Republic. RP Diem, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Preinhaelter, Josef/H-1394-2014; Urban, Jakub/B-5541-2008 OI Urban, Jakub/0000-0002-1796-3597 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E919 DI 10.1063/1.2235112 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800152 ER PT J AU Domier, CW Xia, ZG Zhang, P Luhmann, NC Park, HK Mazzucato, E de Pol, MJV Classen, IGJ Donne, AJH Jaspers, R AF Domier, C. W. Xia, Z. G. Zhang, P. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Park, H. K. Mazzucato, E. de Pol, M. J. van Classen, I. G. J. Donne, A. J. H. Jaspers, R. TI Upgrades to the TEXTOR electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA AB A 128 channel electron cyclotron emission imaging instrument has been routinely used to study magnetohydrodynamics physics such as m=1 and m=2 modes on the TEXTOR tokamak. As currently configured, each of the 16 mixer array elements measures plasma emission at 8 simultaneous frequencies to form a 16 x 8 image of electron temperature profiles and fluctuations over an area of 16 cm (vertical) by 6 cm (horizontal). A redesigned mixer array, coupled with new wideband electronics to be installed later this year, will increase the plasma coverage to 17 cm(v)x9 cm(h). The new arrangement offers increased temperature resolution together with new gain and video bandwidth controls in a highly modular configuration for ease of maintenance and facilitation of future upgrades both in frequency coverage as well as number of channels. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Domier, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cwdomier@ucdavis.edu NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E924 DI 10.1063/1.2352727 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800157 ER PT J AU Dorf, LA Roquemore, AL Wurden, GA Ticos, CM Wang, ZH AF Dorf, L. A. Roquemore, A. L. Wurden, G. A. Ticos, C. M. Wang, Zhehui TI Imaging system for hypervelocity dust injection diagnostic on NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; ALCATOR C-MOD; BEAM INJECTION; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; CAMERA AB The novel hypervelocity dust injection diagnostic will facilitate our understanding of basic aspects of dust-plasma interaction and magnetic field topology in fusion plasma devices, by observing "comet tails" associated with the injected micron-size dust particles. A single projection of the tail onto an image plane will not provide sufficient information; therefore, we plan to use two views, with intensified DiCam-Pro cameras on two NSTX ports. Each camera can furnish up to five overlaying sequential images with gate times greater than 3 ns and 1280 X 1024 pixel resolution. A coherent fiber bundle with 1500 X 1200 fibers will relay the image from an imaging lens installed directly on the port to the camera optics. The lens receives light from the outer portion of the NSTX cross section and focuses a 1 cm tail onto at least 60 fibers for adequate resolution. The estimated number of photons received by the camera indicates signal-to-noise ratios of 10(2)-10(4), with the use of a 10 nm bandwidth filter. The imaging system with one camera was successfully tested on NSTX in 2005. Photographing lithium pellets yielded bright and distinctive pictures of the tails nearly aligned with B lines. We also observed that the bright "filaments"-plasma cords with high density and temperature-are present in both top and bottom portions of the machine. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dorf, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ldorf@lanl.gov RI Ticos, Catalin/F-1677-2011; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E517 DI 10.1063/1.2336790 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800091 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Rekow, V Sorce, C Piston, K Knight, R Alvarez, S Griffith, R Hargrove, D Ross, JS Dixit, S Pollock, B Divol, L Glenzer, SH Armstrong, W Bahr, R Thorp, K Pien, G AF Froula, D. H. Rekow, V. Sorce, C. Piston, K. Knight, R. Alvarez, S. Griffith, R. Hargrove, D. Ross, J. S. Dixit, S. Pollock, B. Divol, L. Glenzer, S. H. Armstrong, W. Bahr, R. Thorp, K. Pien, G. TI 3 omega transmitted beam diagnostic at the Omega Laser Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; TARGETS AB The laser light from a single beam transmitted through a plasma is collected by a 3w transmitted beam diagnostic which is now operational on the Omega Laser Facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester [Soures et al., Laser. Part. Beams 11, 317 (1993)]. Transmitted laser light from Beam 30 is collected by a focusing mirror and directed onto a diagnostic platform. The near field of the transmitted light is imaged; the system collects information from twice the original f cone of the beam. Two gated cameras capture the near field image of the transmitted light. The evolution of the beam spray is resolved temporally at 13 spatial positions around the near field. The forward stimulated Raman scattering and forward simulated Brillouin scattering are resolved spectrally and temporally at five independent locations within twice the original f cone. The total transmitted energy is measured in two spectral regions above and below 400 nm. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM froula1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E507 DI 10.1063/1.2221911 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800081 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Ross, JS Divol, L Glenzer, SH AF Froula, D. H. Ross, J. S. Divol, L. Glenzer, S. H. TI Thomson-scattering techniques to diagnose local electron and ion temperatures, density, and plasma wave amplitudes in laser produced plasmas (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID STIMULATED-BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; LABORATORY PLASMAS; FUSION PLASMAS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; LIGHT AB Thomson scattering has been shown to be a valuable technique for measuring the plasma conditions in laser produced plasmas. Measurement techniques that use the ion-acoustic frequency measured from the collective Thomson-scattering spectrum to extract the electron temperature, ion temperature, plasma flow, and electron density in a laser produced plasma are discussed. In a recent study [D. Froula et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 195005 (2005)], we demonstrated a novel Thomson-scattering technique that employs multiple color Thomson- scattering diagnostics to measure the dispersion of ion-acoustic fluctuations. We obtained frequency-resolved Thomson- scattering spectra of the two separate thermal ion-acoustic fluctuations with significantly different wave vectors. This new technique allows a simultaneous time resolved local measurement of electron density and temperature. The plasma fluctuations are shown to become dispersive with increasing electron temperature. Furthermore, a Thomson- scattering technique to measure the electron temperature profile is presented where recent experiments have measured a large electron temperature gradient (T-e= 1.4 keV to T-e= 3.2 keV over 1.5 mm) along the axis of a 2 mm long Hohlraum when heated asymmetrically. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E522 DI 10.1063/1.2336451 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800096 ER PT J AU Gautier, DC Workman, J Evans, SC Lanier, NE Kyrala, GA Montgomery, DS Walsh, PJ AF Gautier, D. C. Workman, J. Evans, S. C. Lanier, N. E. Kyrala, G. A. Montgomery, D. S. Walsh, P. J. TI Grazing incidence imaging spectrometer for use in inertial confinement fusion and radiation hydrodynamic experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID FACILITY; PLASMAS; NOVA AB We present results from the newly developed grazing incidence imaging spectrometer (GIIS) from both TRIDENT and OMEGA experiments. This instrument was originally designed to measure electron temperature via isoelectronic line ratios on gas-filled targets, but in addition has other useful applications. GIIS is a planar crystal Bragg spectrometer that is mounted to a conventional x-ray framing camera with an array of pinholes and slits to collect spectrally integrated two-dimensional images as well as spectrally resolved one-dimensional images. We have successfully recorded x-ray spectra from 4.5-6 and 3.3-5 keV from both planar foil experiments on TRIDENT and preheated hydrodynamic experiments on OMEGA. We report on the instrument design and will present preliminary results. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gautier, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F320 DI 10.1063/1.2336464 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800218 ER PT J AU Glebov, VY Meyerhofer, DD Sangster, TC Stoeckl, C Roberts, S Barrera, CA Celeste, JR Cerjan, CJ Dauffy, LS Eder, DC Griffith, RL Haan, SW Hammel, BA Hatchett, SP Izumi, N Kimbrough, JR Koch, JA Landen, OL Lerche, RA MacGowan, BJ Moran, MJ Ng, EW Phillips, TW Song, PM Tommasini, R Young, BK Caldwell, SE Grim, GP Evans, SC Mack, JM Sedillo, TJ Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Young, CS Casey, D Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Bourgade, JL Disdier, L Houry, M Lantuejoul, I Landoas, O Chandler, GA Cooper, GW Leeper, RJ Olson, RE Ruiz, CL Sweeney, MA Padalino, SP Horsfield, C Davis, BA AF Glebov, V. Yu. Meyerhofer, D. D. Sangster, T. C. Stoeckl, C. Roberts, S. Barrera, C. A. Celeste, J. R. Cerjan, C. J. Dauffy, L. S. Eder, D. C. Griffith, R. L. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Hatchett, S. P. Izumi, N. Kimbrough, J. R. Koch, J. A. Landen, O. L. Lerche, R. A. MacGowan, B. J. Moran, M. J. Ng, E. W. Phillips, T. W. Song, P. M. Tommasini, R. Young, B. K. Caldwell, S. E. Grim, G. P. Evans, S. C. Mack, J. M. Sedillo, T. J. Wilke, M. D. Wilson, D. C. Young, C. S. Casey, D. Frenje, J. A. Li, C. K. Petrasso, R. D. Seguin, F. H. Bourgade, J. L. Disdier, L. Houry, M. Lantuejoul, I. Landoas, O. Chandler, G. A. Cooper, G. W. Leeper, R. J. Olson, R. E. Ruiz, C. L. Sweeney, M. A. Padalino, S. P. Horsfield, C. Davis, B. A. TI Development of nuclear diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; BANG TIME DETECTOR; NEUTRON DETECTOR; TARGETS; OMEGA; IMAGES; SPECTROMETER; PLASMAS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will provide up to 1.8 MJ of laser energy for imploding inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Ignited NIF targets are expected to produce up to 1019 DT neutrons. This will provide unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the use of nuclear diagnostics in ICF experiments. In 2005, the suite of nuclear-ignition diagnostics for the NIF was defined and they are under development through collaborative efforts at several institutions. This suite includes PROTEX and copper activation for primary yield measurements, a magnetic recoil spectrometer and carbon activation for fuel areal density, neutron time-of-flight detectors for yield and ion temperature, a gamma bang time detector, and neutron imaging systems for primary and downscattered neutrons. An overview of the conceptual design, the developmental status, and recent results of prototype tests on the OMEGA laser will be presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CEA, DAM, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Atom Weapons Etab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Natl Secur Technol, Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. RP Glebov, VY (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Houry, Michael/G-8021-2011; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 40 TC 55 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E715 DI 10.1063/1.2236281 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800118 ER PT J AU Glebov, VY Stoeckl, C Sangster, TC Mileham, C Roberts, S Lerche, RA AF Glebov, V. Yu. Stoeckl, C. Sangster, T. C. Mileham, C. Roberts, S. Lerche, R. A. TI High-yield bang time detector for the OMEGA laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA AB A simple, low-cost, high-yield neutron bang time (HYNBT) detector has been developed and implemented on the 60-beam, 30 kJ OMEGA Laser Facility at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics. The HYNBT consists of three chemical-vapor deposition diamond detectors of different sizes and sensitivities placed in a lead-shielded housing. The HYNBT is located in a reentrant tube 50 cm from the center of the target chamber. The HYNBT has been temporally cross calibrated against the streak-camera-based neutron temporal diagnostic (NTD) for both D-2 and DT implosions. The HYNBT has an internal time resolution better than 20 ps and is able to measure bang time for yields above 10(10) for DT and 5 x 10(10) for D-2 implosions. The implementation of the HYNBT on the National Ignition Facility will be discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glebov, VY (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E712 DI 10.1063/1.2221686 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800115 ER PT J AU Graf, A Howard, S Horton, R Hwang, D May, M Beiersdorfer, P Terry, J AF Graf, A. Howard, S. Horton, R. Hwang, D. May, M. Beiersdorfer, P. Terry, J. TI Visible spectrometer at the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment and the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak for Doppler width and shift measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID NO MOMENTUM INPUT; L-H TRANSITION; POLOIDAL ROTATION; PLASMAS; TRANSPORT AB A novel Doppler spectrometer is currently being used for ion or neutral velocity and temperature measurements on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The spectrometer has an f/# of similar to 3.1 and is appropriate for visible light (3500 - 6700 angstrom). The linewidth from a line emitting calibration source has been measured to be as small as 0.4 angstrom. The ultimate time resolution is line brightness light limited and on the order of milliseconds. A new photon efficient charge coupled device detector is being used at C-Mod. Time resolution is achieved by moving the camera during a plasma discharge in a perpendicular direction through the dispersion plane of the spectrometer, causing a vertical streaking across the camera face. Initial results from C-Mod as well as previous measurements from the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment are presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Graf, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F125 DI 10.1063/1.2349824 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800191 ER PT J AU Gray, T Kaita, R Majeski, R Spaleta, J Timberlake, J AF Gray, T. Kaita, R. Majeski, R. Spaleta, J. Timberlake, J. TI Fast gas injection as a diagnostic technique for particle confinement time measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID LIQUID LITHIUM AB The determination of the effective particle confinement time (tau(*)(p)), i.e., the particle confinement time normalized to recycling coefficient, is difficult when its value is long compared to the discharge duration in magnetically confined plasmas. Recent experiments on the current drive experiment upgrade (CDX-U) spherical torus have successfully achieved a significant reduction in recycling with large-area liquid lithium plasma- facing surfaces. The low recycling walls result in an increase in particle pumping and make it possible to measure (tau(*)(p)) in short duration plasmas. Measurements of (tau(*)(p)) are made using a supersonic gas injector which is closely coupled to plasma. A fast gas pulse is emitted from the supersonic gas injector, after which the density decay is measured using a microwave interferometer. The design of the supersonic gas injector and its configuration on CDX-U will be presented. The results of this technique will be shown as applied to the study of the effects of a liquid lithium toroidal limiter and evaporative lithium coatings on overall plasma density and tau(*)(p). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gray, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM tgray@princeton.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E901 DI 10.1063/1.2219379 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800134 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Bell, RE Luo, Y Solomon, W AF Heidbrink, W. W. Bell, R. E. Luo, Y. Solomon, W. TI Fast-ion D-alpha diagnostic for NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; TOKAMAK PLASMA; WAVE AB A fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) diagnostic is under development for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The FIDA technique is a charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement that exploits the large Doppler shift of Balmer-alpha light from energetic hydrogenic atoms to infer the fast-ion density. The principal objective of the NSTX installation is to measure the transport of beam ions caused by fast-ion driven instabilities; detection of perpendicular acceleration of fast ions during high harmonic fast wave heating is another important goal. Recent data from a DIII-D FIDA diagnostic guide the design. The planned NSTX diagnostic consists of two separate instruments focusing on different aspects of the measurement. One instrument uses a transmission grating spectrometer to measure the perpendicular energy spectrum and the spatial profile every 10 ms; the anticipated resolution is similar to 10 keV in energy and similar to 5 cm in radius. A second instrument employs bandpass filters to detect fast-ion redistribution events with millisecond temporal resolution. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F120 DI 10.1063/1.2221902 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800186 ER PT J AU Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Kyrala, GA AF Hoffman, Nelson M. Wilson, Douglas C. Kyrala, George A. TI Diagnosing radiation drive asymmetry and absorbed energy in ignition Hohlraums using gas-filled capsules SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID LASER FUSION; SYMMETRY; IMPLOSIONS; BASE; NOVA AB The shape of the x-ray self-emission image from an imploded inertial confinement fusion capsule has been used to diagnose Hohlraum radiation drive asymmetry [L. J. Suter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2328 (1994); A. Hauer et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 672 (1995); A. Hauer et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2488 (1995); N. D. Delameter et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2022 (1996)]. Timing of neutron yield from the implosion can also be used to diagnose the absorbed radiation drive energy. We propose a set of beryllium capsules filled with gas, rather than layered cryogenic ice, to diagnose asymmetry and absorbed energy in ignition Hohlraums. Capsules with a range of initial shell thickness have a corresponding range of implosion times, allowing sampling of drive conditions throughout an ignition pulse. For example a 12 mu m thick shell implodes during the foot of the ignition pulse, sampling the drive up to about 10 ns. For such capsules, the foot pulse is a high-adiabat drive and leads to implosions that are rather robust against instability and mixing. In these capsules, the best time to record images for diagnosing asymmetry may be several hundred picoseconds after peak x-ray brightness, when the image distortion is increasing rapidly. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoffman, NM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E705 DI 10.1063/1.2221930 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800108 ER PT J AU Holcomb, CT Makowski, MA Jayakumar, RJ Allen, SA Ellis, RM Geer, R Behne, D Morris, KL Seppala, LG Moller, JM AF Holcomb, C. T. Makowski, M. A. Jayakumar, R. J. Allen, S. A. Ellis, R. M. Geer, R. Behne, D. Morris, K. L. Seppala, L. G. Moller, J. M. TI Motional Stark effect diagnostic expansion on DIII-D for enhanced current and E-r profile measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic on DIII-D has been expanded to take advantage of a change in the neutral beam geometry, adding 24 new MSE channels viewing a beam injected counter to the plasma current. When data from these channels are used with those from two older MSE arrays viewing a different beam, the overall radial resolution improves near the magnetic axis at least a factor of 2, and the uncertainty in calculations of vertical magnetic field and radial electric field decreases in the edge at least a factor of 4. The new design uses two optical systems mounted on the same vacuum port with a common shutter and shielding. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holcomb, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E506 DI 10.1063/1.2235812 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800080 ER PT J AU Horsfield, CJ Caldwell, SE Christensen, CR Evans, SC Mack, JM Sedillo, T Young, CS Glebov, VY AF Horsfield, C. J. Caldwell, S. E. Christensen, C. R. Evans, S. C. Mack, J. M. Sedillo, T. Young, C. S. Glebov, V. Yu. TI gamma-ray 'bang-time' measurements with a gas-Cherenkov detector for inertial-confinement fusion experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID OMEGA; LASER AB In a laser driven inertial-confinement fusion experiment, bang time is defined as the time between the laser light impinging the target and the peak of the fusion reactions. Bang time is often used to compare computed predictions to experiment. Large laser facilities, such as NIF and LMJ, which are currently under construction, will produce yields far in excess of any previous inertial-confinement fusion experiment. One of the implications of such high yields is that fusion gamma rays, which have branching ratios four orders of magnitude less than that of fusion neutrons, may be used to diagnose bang time. This article describes the first of such gamma-ray bang-time measurement made using the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester. The diagnostic used for this was a gas Cherenkov detector. The experimental setup, data and error analyses, and suggested improvements are presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Horsfield, CJ (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E724 DI 10.1063/1.2352736 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800127 ER PT J AU Ince-Cushman, A Rice, JE Lee, SG Bitter, M Reinke, M Podpaly, Y AF Ince-Cushman, A. Rice, J. E. Lee, S. G. Bitter, M. Reinke, M. Podpaly, Y. TI Preliminary results from the soft x-ray crystal spectrometer on Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID PLASMAS; 5-CHORD; ARRAY AB A high resolution (lambda/Delta lambda similar to 2000) soft x-ray spectrometer has been installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The system was designed to measure emission line spectra from heliumlike neon (1s(1)2p(1)-> 1s(2)) in a narrow spectral band centered on lambda=13.5 angstrom (920 eV). The instrument is mounted with a poloidal view 20 cm below the midplane (r/a similar to 0.85). In addition to the neon emission lines, strong fluorine, xenon, iron, and manganese lines have been observed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ince-Cushman, A (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F321 DI 10.1063/1.2221677 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800219 ER PT J AU Isobe, M Goto, K Toi, K Nagaoka, K Suzuki, C Yoshimura, Y Akiyama, T Nishimura, S Shimizu, A Nishiura, M Matsuoka, K Okamura, S Darrow, DS AF Isobe, M. Goto, K. Toi, K. Nagaoka, K. Suzuki, C. Yoshimura, Y. Akiyama, T. Nishimura, S. Shimizu, A. Nishiura, M. Matsuoka, K. Okamura, S. Darrow, D. S. CA CHS Team TI Design and initial operation of lost fast-ion probe based on thin Faraday films in CHS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID COMPACT HELICAL SYSTEM; FUSION PLASMAS; HELIOTRON/TORSATRON; COLLECTOR; DEVICE AB The purpose of this work is to measure lost fast ions as an ion current so as to make quantitative argument on flux of fast-ion loss possible. We have designed and constructed a lost fast-ion probe based on combination of thin Faraday films and small rectangular apertures, called FLIP, for the Compact Helical System. The current generated by escaping fast ions has been successfully measured with the FLIP in neutral-beam-heated plasmas. The FLIP detected increased flux of escaping fast ions while fast-ion-driven magnetohydrodynamics instabilities appear. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Isobe, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10F508 DI 10.1063/1.2221681 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800238 ER PT J AU Izumi, N Snavely, R Gregori, G Koch, JA Park, HS Remington, BA AF Izumi, N. Snavely, R. Gregori, G. Koch, J. A. Park, H. -S. Remington, B. A. TI Application of imaging plates to x-ray imaging and spectroscopy in laser plasma experiments (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; SHADOWGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM AB We report recent progress in x-ray diagnosis of laser-plasma experiments using imaging plates. Imaging plates are photostimulable phosphor screens [BaF(Br0.85, I0.15): Eu2+] deposited on flexible metal or plastic substrates. We applied imaging plates to x-ray microscopy of inertial confinement fusion experiments. Self-emission x-ray images of imploded cores were obtained successfully with high-magnification, target-mounted pinholes using imaging plates as detectors. Imaging plates were also used in ultraintense laser experiments at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, where small samarium foils were irradiated by high intensity laser pulses from the Vulcan laser system. K-shell x rays from the foil (similar to 40 keV) were used as a line x-ray source for one-dimensional microscopic radiography, and the performance of imaging plates on high-energy x-ray backlit radiography experiments was demonstrated by imaging sinusoidal grooves of 6 mu m amplitude on a Au foil. Detailed K-shell spectra from Cu targets were also obtained by coupling an imaging plate with a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite crystal spectrometer. The performance of the imaging plates as evaluated in actual laser plasma experiments is presented. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E325 DI 10.1063/1.2351924 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800072 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Meyer, CJ LePell, PD AF Jones, B. Deeney, C. Coverdale, C. A. Meyer, C. J. LePell, P. D. TI Multilayer mirror monochromatic self-emission x-ray imaging on the Z accelerator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES AB A time-resolved, monochromatic soft x-ray diagnostic has been developed for self-emission imaging of imploding z pinches on the Z accelerator [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. Multiple pinhole images are reflected from a planar multilayer mirror with narrow photon energy bandwidth (< 10 eV) onto a 1 ns gated microchannel plate detector. High-energy bremsstrahlung x rays are not reflected, providing improved signal to noise in comparison to a standard filtered pinhole camera included in the same beamline of the instrument. An example of data from the existing similar to 277 eV imaging system is presented, showing cooler imploding mass extending to larger radius than the on-axis K-shell emission of an aluminum wire array. Multilayer mirror and filter pair configurations ranging from 96 to 769 eV are discussed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E316 DI 10.1063/1.2220071 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800063 ER PT J AU Keiter, PA Workman, J AF Keiter, Paul A. Workman, Jonathan TI High-energy point-projection radiography of a driven, shielded Hohlraum SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY MAY 07-11, 2006 CL Williamsburg, VA ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; RAY; PINHOLE AB Point projection backlighting is a high magnification, high resolution x-ray backlighting configuration that provides detailed images of large objects at a reduced energy budget compared to area backlighting. However, point projection backlighting has the drawback that the camera aperture is large and open to more sources of noise. This issue has made it difficult to image driven targets without shielding. We present 9 keV x-ray images of the rear end of a driven Hohlraum that employs shielding. We also present data of a 10.3 keV x-ray image of an undriven Hohlraum. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keiter, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 10E324 DI 10.1063/1.2351881 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800071 ER EF