FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Furnish, MD Vogler, TJ Alexander, CS Reinhart, WD Trott, WM Chhabildas, LC AF Furnish, Michael D. Vogler, Tracy J. Alexander, C. Scott Reinhart, William D. Trott, Wayne M. Chhabildas, Lalit C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Statistics of the Hugoniot Elastic Limit from line VISAR SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE HEL; strength; tantalum; silicon carbide; line VISAR; line ORVIS; Weibull statistics AB Material heterogeneity appears to give rise to variability in the yield behavior of ceramics and metals under shock loading conditions. The line-imaging VISAR provides a way to measure this variability, which may then be quantified by Weibull statistics or other methods. Weibull methods assign a 2-parameter representation of failure phenomena and variability. We have conducted experiments with tantalum (25 and 40 mu m grains) and silicon carbide (SiC-N with 5 mu m grains). The tantalum HEL variability did not depend systematically on peak stress, grain size or sample thickness, although the previously observed precursor attenuation was present. SiC-N HEL variability within a single shot was approximately half that of single-point variability in a large family of shots; these results are more consistent with sample-to-sample variation than with variability due to changing shot parameters. C1 [Furnish, Michael D.; Vogler, Tracy J.; Alexander, C. Scott; Reinhart, William D.; Trott, Wayne M.; Chhabildas, Lalit C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1168,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdfurni@sandia.gov; tjvogle@sandia.gov; calexa@sandia.gov; wdreinh@sandia.gov; mdfurni@sandia.gov RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500123 ER PT S AU Kaul, AM Rodriguez, G AF Kaul, A. M. Rodriguez, G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Experimental series on behavior of post-damage recollected material SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE damage; spallation; void nucleation; fracture; cracks AB Cylindrical spallation damage experiments allow for analysis of physical effects not present in a planar configuration. The authors report on 6 experiments providing data about failure initiation in cylindrical geometry and the behavior of material recollected after damage initiation. C1 [Kaul, A. M.; Rodriguez, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaul, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500129 ER PT S AU Koller, DD Gray, GT Hixson, RS AF Koller, D. D. Gray, G. T., III Hixson, R. S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shockwave profile and Bauschinger effect in depleted uranium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE uranium; plate impact; Bauschinger effect; quasi-elastic release ID METALS AB Dynamic damage evolution in materials is of growing interest, in particular, the role of defect structure on material strength during a dynamic experiment. Many studies in the past have seen strong correlations between the shockwave profile and the defect structure during dynamic experiments, such as quasi-elastic release behavior. Bauschinger effect is a microstructurally controlled process in which a material displays a change in stress-strain characterisitics due to a change in the defect structure. Studies on depleted uranium have revealed indications of Bauschinger effect being a mechanism present during quasi-static experiments, which could be a result of the large amount of twinning observed in these materials. As work continues to improve strength models, it becomes imperitive to understand the role of defect structure on the properties of materials under dynamic conditions. The study reported here is an observation of the release wave behavior in depleted uranium that first undergoes compressive shock loading followed by a reversal of the loading direction upon release. C1 [Koller, D. D.; Gray, G. T., III; Hixson, R. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koller, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 553 EP 556 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500131 ER PT S AU Koskelol, AC Greenfield, SR Paisley, AL McClellan, KJ Byler, DD Dickerson, RM Luo, SN Swift, DC Tonks, DL Peralta, PD AF Koskelol, A. C. Greenfield, S. R. Paisley, D. L. McClellan, K. J. Byler, D. D. Dickerson, R. M. Luo, S. N. Swift, D. C. Tonks, D. L. Peralta, P. D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamics of the onset of damage in metals under shock loading SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ductile fracture; spall; copper; TIM; TIDI AB This paper presents results on the dynamics of damage in copper under incipient spall conditions for multicrystalline specimens. Specimens were annealed from polycrystalline material to reduce the number of grain boundaries the shock wave traverses in passing through the specimen. The specimens incorporated unique fiducials that permit accurate correlation of pre-shot characterization of the grain orientations, grain size etc. with the location of the dynamic diagnostics and with post-shot metallography. The dynamic diagnostics-Transient Imaging Displacement Interferometry (TIDI), point VISAR, line VISAR-were all precisely aligned on the specimen surface to view regions of interest revealed in the pre-shot characterization. Initial analyses demonstrate the wealth of information obtained from this experimental approach. Examples include observation that regions in the surface microstructure most likely to be damaged based on pre-shot characterization show some of the largest displacements during the shock-loading. Post-shot microscopy shows damage in the same places. Another observation is there appears to be localized plastic deformation that occurs during the first compression wave which then remains and evolves through several cycles of compression and release from the spall plane. C1 [Koskelol, A. C.; Greenfield, S. R.; Paisley, D. L.; McClellan, K. J.; Byler, D. D.; Dickerson, R. M.; Luo, S. N.; Swift, D. C.; Tonks, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Peralta, P. D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Koskelol, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU LANL LDRD [2006002IDR] FX The authors thank the rest of the project team for their hard work in making this project successful. We also thank similarly the LANL TRIDENT laser facility staff. This work was funded through LANL LDRD #2006002IDR. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 557 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500132 ER PT S AU Rae, PJ Dickson, PM Parker, GR Novak, AM AF Rae, Philip J. Dickson, Peter M. Parker, Gary R. Novak, Alan M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Hydrocode modeling and an experimental study of explosively driven water jets SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shaped charge; water; hydrocode AB Hydrocode modeling of unusual water based shaped charges was undertaken and compared with experiment. It was discovered that the equation of state chosen for water significantly influences the model predictions. In this particular application, the choice of explosive reaction model was not found to be significant. The models correctly implied that increasing the standoff between the explosive charge and the apex of the water liner from 3 to 10 mm would result in improved jet coherency with little reduction in jet velocity for the geometry described. C1 [Rae, Philip J.; Dickson, Peter M.; Parker, Gary R.; Novak, Alan M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rae, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 577 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500137 ER PT S AU Skokov, VI Ignatova, ON Malyshev, AN Podurets, AM Raevsky, VA Zocher, MA AF Skokov, V. I. Ignatova, O. N. Malyshev, A. N. Podurets, A. M. Raevsky, V. A. Zocher, Marvin A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Temporal softening and its effect upon strength SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE temporal softening; strength; scaling effect AB Temporal softening that is associated with the passage of a shock wave is investigated along with its effect upon material strength and issues of macroscopic scaling. Specimens are loaded in such a way that a moderate tensile pulse is applied during the temporal window of softening. It is found that strength is reduced as a consequence of temporal softening. It appears that temporal softening contributes to a reversal of typically observed macroscopic scaling effects. C1 [Skokov, V. I.; Ignatova, O. N.; Malyshev, A. N.; Podurets, A. M.; Raevsky, V. A.] All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. [Zocher, Marvin A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skokov, VI (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 597 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500142 ER PT S AU Tonks, DL Paisley, AL Peralta, PA Greenfield, SR Byler, DA Luo, S Swift, AC Koskelol, AC AF Tonks, D. L. Paisley, A. L. Peralta, P. A. Greenfield, S. R. Byler, D. A. Luo, S. Swift, A. C. Koskelol, A. C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Spallation damage in copper with columnar grains SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ductile damage; spallation; crystal plasticity; copper ID PLASTICITY AB The TRIDENT laser at Los Alamos has been used to drive small plate impact experiments. Flyers are typically 8 mm in diameter and 0.1 to 1.0 mm thick, while the targets are 10 mm in diameters and 0.2 to 2.0 mm thick. One of the sample materials is copper composed of large columnar grains. These samples can reveal information about damage in single crystals and bi-crystals. This work will focus on simulating these experiments to reveal the stress loading histories. A phenomenological single crystal plasticity model in the FLAG hyrdocode will be used. At the time of first negative pressure, calculated stress and strain concentrations occur at regions of high damage seen by metallurgical examination of a recovered sample. These calculated concentrations help to reveal the driving conditions that cause damage formation. C1 [Tonks, D. L.; Paisley, A. L.; Peralta, P. A.; Greenfield, S. R.; Byler, D. A.; Luo, S.; Swift, A. C.; Koskelol, A. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonks, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 605 EP 608 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500144 ER PT S AU Zellner, MB Grover, M Hammerberg, JE Hixson, RS Iverson, AJ Macrum, GS Morley, KB Obst, AW Olson, RT Payton, JR Rigg, PA Routleyt, N Stevenst, GD Lbrleyt, WD Veesert, L Buttler, WT AF Zellner, M. B. Grover, M. Hammerberg, J. E. Hixson, R. S. Iverson, A. J. Macrum, G. S. Morley, K. B. Obst, A. W. Olson, R. T. Payton, J. R. Rigg, P. A. Routleyt, N. Stevenst, G. D. Lbrleyt, W. D. Veesert, L. Buttler, W. T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Pressure effects on the ejection of material from shocked tin surfaces SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ejecta; tin; Taylor shockwave; shock physics AB Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) is actively engaged in the development of a model to predict the formation of micron-scale fragments ejected (ejecta) from shocked metals that have surface defects. The LANL ejecta model considers that the amount of ejecta is mainly related to the material's phase on shock release at the free-surface. This effort investigates the relation between ejecta production and shock-breakout pressure for Sn shocked with high explosives to pressures near the solid-on-release/partial-liquid-on-release phase transition region. We found that the amount of ejecta produced for shock-breakout pressures that resulted in partial-liquid-on-release increased significantly compared to that which resulted in solid-on-release. Additionally, we found that the amount of ejecta remained relatively constant within the partial-liquid-on-release, regardless of shock-breakout pressure. C1 [Zellner, M. B.; Hammerberg, J. E.; Hixson, R. S.; Morley, K. B.; Obst, A. W.; Olson, R. T.; Payton, J. R.; Rigg, P. A.; Buttler, W. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Iverson, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zellner, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors also acknowledge contributions to these experiments by Robert D. Day and Felix P. Garcia of the Materials Science and Technology Division of LANL. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 613 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500146 ER PT S AU Aprelkov, ON Ignatova, ON Igonin, VV Lebedev, AI Nadezhin, SS Podurets, AM Raevsky, VA Solovyev, VP Safishchevf, GA Zocher, MA Kaul, AM McNaneyl, JM Rerningtonl, BA AF Aprelkov, O. N. Ignatova, O. N. Igonin, V. V. Lebedev, A. I. Nadezhin, S. S. Podurets, A. M. Raevsky, V. A. Solovyev, V. P. Safishchevf, G. A. Zocher, M. A. Kaul, A. M. McNaneyl, J. M. Rerningtonl, B. A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Twinning and dynamic strength of copper during high-rate strain SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE deformation twinning; shock wave loading; shock-less loading; shear bands AB Results are presented of a study of the conditions under which microstructural changes involving the formation of complex bi-periodic twin structures occurs in copper during shock wave and high strain rate (epsilon > 10(7) s(-1)) shock-less loading. We have observed that the formation of these bi-periodic twin structures results in an initial loss of shear strength that is significant over a time period of about 0.2 to 0.4 mu s. C1 [Aprelkov, O. N.; Ignatova, O. N.; Igonin, V. V.; Lebedev, A. I.; Nadezhin, S. S.; Podurets, A. M.; Raevsky, V. A.; Solovyev, V. P.] All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. [McNaneyl, J. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aprelkov, ON (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. RI McNaney, James/F-5258-2013; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016 OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 619 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500147 ER PT S AU Cerreta, EK Gray, GT Trujillo, CP Brown, DW Tome, CN AF Cerreta, E. K. Gray, G. T., III Trujillo, C. P. Brown, D. W. Tome, C. N. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The influence of peak shock stress on the quasi-static reload response of HCP metals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE hafnium; twinning; shock-induced microstructures; path dependent deformation. ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STRAIN-RATE; HAFNIUM; TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIUM; PRESSURE AB Textured, high-purity hafnium. has been shock loaded at 5 and 11GPa, below the pressure reported for the alpha square omega phase transformation, 23 GPa. The specimens were "soft caught" for post-shock characterization. Substructure of the shocked materials was investigated through transmission electron microscopy and texture evolution due to shock loading was probed with neutron diffraction. The deformation behavior of as-annealed hafnium under quasi-static conditions was compared to its response following shock prestraining. Reload response was correlated to defect generation and storage due to shock loading and compared with observations in other HCP metals such as Ti and Zr. C1 [Cerreta, E. K.; Gray, G. T., III; Trujillo, C. P.; Brown, D. W.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cerreta, EK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 635 EP 638 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500151 ER PT S AU Glushak, BL Ignatova, ON Nadezhin, SS Nizovtsev, PN Podurets, AM Raevsky, VA Zoeher, MA Preston, DL AF Glushak, B. L. Ignatova, O. N. Nadezhin, S. S. Nizovtsev, P. N. Podurets, A. M. Raevsky, V. A. Zoeher, Marvin A. Preston, Dean L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A phenomenological viscoplastic constitutive model for M1 Cu accounting for grain morphology SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE viscoplasticity; grain size effects; constitutive model AB A phenomonological elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is developed that accounts for variations in initial grain morphology and for changes to grain morphology under load. C1 [Glushak, B. L.; Ignatova, O. N.; Nadezhin, S. S.; Nizovtsev, P. N.; Podurets, A. M.; Raevsky, V. A.] All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. [Zoeher, Marvin A.; Preston, Dean L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glushak, BL (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 649 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500154 ER PT S AU Gray, GT Cerreta, E Hixson, RS Koller, DD Dougherty, L Trujillo, CP Lopez, MF AF Gray, G. T., III Cerreta, E. Hixson, R. S. Koller, D. D. Dougherty, L. Trujillo, C. P. Lopez, M. F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Influence of microstructure on the Bauschinger effect and the shock hardening in 1080 high-carbon steel SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE quasi-elastic release; Bauschinger effect; shock recovery ID METALS AB The importance of a microstructurally-controlled Bauschinger component to defect storage during the shock loading process has been shown to be correlated to both quasi-elastic release effects and reduced shock hardening in materials. In the current study shock recovery experiments have been conducted on a high-carbon 1080 steel as a function of three microstructural states; pearlitic, partially-spheriodized, and where the cementite has been fully spheriodized. The 1080 steel in the pearlitic condition is shown to exhibit a significant Bauschinger effect while the fully spheriodized microstructure is observed to display significantly higher shock hardening when shock prestrained to an equivalent 12.8 GPa. The shock hardening response of 1080 steel is discussed in terms of the micromechanisms controlling defect generation and storage during shock loading in materials and the importance of the Bauschinger effect on modeling shock hardening in some materials. C1 [Gray, G. T., III; Cerreta, E.; Hixson, R. S.; Koller, D. D.; Dougherty, L.; Trujillo, C. P.; Lopez, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 653 EP 656 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500155 ER PT S AU Loomis, E Luo, SN Greenfield, S Paisley, D Swift, D Johnson, R AF Loomis, E. Luo, S. N. Greenfield, S. Paisley, D. Swift, D. Johnson, R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effects of processing techniques on the shock response of Be SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE beryllium; shock; precursor; processing ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; WAVE; BERYLLIUM AB Microstructural effects including material anisotropy, impurities, grain size, and texture alter a material's response to dynamic loading through wave front dispersion and inelastic processes. The spatial variations created by these effects are a challenge for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) as they may seed instabilities, which could reduce thermonuclear yield, if not controlled through material processing. To this end, laser-driven confined shock experiments have been conducted on Be to characterize its dynamic strength properties and usefulness as an ICF ablator. Disks of Be 3 mm in diameter and 100 to 25 0 microns thick in the form of single crystal, rolled foil, and equal channel angular extruded were dynamically loaded to 100's kbar while the material behavior was measured with in-situ diagnostics. Clear two-wave structures were observed in free surface velocity records, providing a comparison of flow stress and other dynamic properties between Be types. C1 [Loomis, E.; Luo, S. N.; Greenfield, S.; Paisley, D.; Swift, D.; Johnson, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Loomis, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36, DEAC52-06NA25396]; NNSA FX This work was performed for the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts W-7405-ENG-36 and DEAC52-06NA25396 for NNSA campaign 10 (Steve Batha, program manager) NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 665 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500158 ER PT S AU McDonald, SA Bourne, NK Gray, GT Cerretta, EK Millett, JCF Whiteman, G AF McDonald, S. A. Bourne, N. K. Gray, G. T., III Cerretta, E. K. Millett, J. C. F. Whiteman, G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock loading and Taylor impact of Ti-6Al-4V SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE plate impact; Taylor impact; Ti-6AI-4V; shear strength ID MANGANIN GAUGES AB Lateral stress gauges have been used to measure the variation of shear strength with longitudinal stress in shock loaded Ti-6Al-4V. Results show that lateral stress decreases slightly behind the shock front before reaching a constant level. We believe that this is due to the deformation microstructure not reaching its steady state immediately, but rather evolving over time. We have also observed that the Hugoniot and shear strength of our material is in close agreement to previous work. Recovered Taylor impact specimens show a circular foot print, and x-ray tomography examination shows no evidence of tensile damage immediately under the impact face. C1 [McDonald, S. A.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Mat Sci, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. [Gray, G. T., III; Cerretta, E. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bourne, N. K.; Millett, J. C. F.; Whiteman, G.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP McDonald, SA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Mat Sci, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 669 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500159 ER PT S AU Zhou, JK Hsiung, LL Chau, R Saw, CK AF Zhou, J. K. Hsiung, L. L. Chau, R. Saw, C. K. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI An x-ray study of shock-recovered Ta single crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE tantalum; single crystal; x-ray diffraction; shock; lattice strain; dislocations ID TANTALUM; COPPER AB In this paper, we report shock-induced new grains and residual lattice tension in tantalum single crystals. The single crystals with orientations in [001], [011], [111], and [123] directions, respectively, are shocked at similar to 55 GPa in a gas gun under almost identical conditions. New grains in the shocked crystals are revealed by x-ray scanning analysis. Rather than lattice compression that is frequently probed by in situ x-ray diffraction technique, we find significant residual lattice tension in the recovered tantalum crystals. Such residual lattice tension is attributed to the dislocation cells and their deformation. The dislocation cells are accordingly estimated to be greater than 100 rim. from the broadening of x-ray diffraction peaks. C1 [Zhou, J. K.; Hsiung, L. L.; Chau, R.; Saw, C. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500161 ER PT S AU Anderson, MU Cox, DE Montgomery, ST Setchell, RE AF Anderson, M. U. Cox, D. E. Montgomery, S. T. Setchell, R. E. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Initial temperature effects on the shock compression and release properties of different alumina-filled epoxy compositions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE composites; alumina-filled epoxy; temperature effects AB Alumina-filled epoxies are composites having constituents with highly dissimilar mechanical properties, resulting in complex behavior during shock compression and release. Two distinguishing characteristics are amplitude-dependent wave structures and high release wave velocities. Recent studies examined the effects of various compositional changes on these shock properties. As expected, the strongest effects were observed when the total alumina volume fraction was reduced in steps from a nominal 43% to 0%. In the present study, compositions prepared over the same range of alumina loadings were examined at initial temperatures that were nominally -55 degrees C or 70 degrees C. Experimental configurations were identical to previous room-temperature experiments. Laser interferometry and wave timing were used to obtain transmitted wave profiles, Hugoniot states, and release wave velocities. Initial densities were determined from thermal expansion coefficients measured for each composition. Although initial density changes are very small, significant temperature effects on shock properties were observed. C1 [Anderson, M. U.; Cox, D. E.; Montgomery, S. T.; Setchell, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, MU (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500162 ER PT S AU Brown, EN Trujillo, CP Gray, GT AF Brown, E. N. Trujillo, C. P. Gray, G. T., III BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Influence of polyethylene molecular conformation on Taylor impact measurements: A comparison of HDPE, UHMWPE, and PEX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE polyethylene; large strain; Taylor impact ID STRAIN-RATE; CONSTITUTIVE RESPONSE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; PTFE AB The current work presents the comparison of the Taylor impact response of three different industrial forms of polyethylene. Specifically, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) were tested. From quasi-static and intermediate strain-rate compression measurements as a function of temperature (-75 to 100 degrees C) and strain-rate (10(-4) to 2600 s(-1)) the responses of UHMWPE and PEX are very similar, whereas HDPE exhibits some differences. The HDPE samples display a significantly higher yield stress followed by a flat flow behavior. Conversely UHMWPE and PEX both exhibit significant strain hardening after yield. Taylor impact experiments are presented as a function of velocity to probe the dynamic yield behavior and ductile-to-brittle response of these polymers. C1 [Brown, E. N.; Trujillo, C. P.; Gray, G. T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 FU United States Department of Energy FX This work was supported under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 691 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500164 ER PT S AU Millett, JCF Bourne, NK Brown, EN Gray, GT AF Millett, J. C. F. Bourne, N. K. Brown, E. N. Gray, G. T., III BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shear strength and its variation according to structure in shock loaded polyethlylene SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE plate impact; lateral stress; shear strength; polyethylene ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; STRESS AB In a recent series of papers, we have made a study of the shock response of a number of polymers, whilst systematically changing their structure, for example pendent side group size (polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene) or degree of halogenation (polyethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene). In this study, we examine a single polymer, polyethylene in two structural forms - high density weight and cross-linked. Results show that overall, the shear strengths of these two variants of polyethylene are similar. However, we note that the rate of change of shear strength with applied shock stress is greater in the cross linked material. We have suggested that this be due to the crosslinking restricting the ability of the polymer chains to move relative to each other. C1 [Millett, J. C. F.; Bourne, N. K.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Brown, E. N.; Gray, G. T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Millett, JCF (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 719 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500171 ER PT S AU Washabaugh, PD Hill, LG AF Washabaugh, P. D. Hill, L. G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI An investigation of the sub-microsecond features of dynamic crack propagation in PMMA and the RDX-based explosive PBX 9205 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE fracture; initiation; non-steady; periodic ID FRACTURE; TIP AB A dynamic crack propagating in a brittle material releases enough thermal energy to produce visible light. The dynamic fracture of even macroscopically amorphous materials becomes unsteady as the crack propagation velocity approaches the material wave-speeds. The heat generated at a crack-tip, especially as it jumps, may be a mechanism to initiate a self-sustaining reaction in an energetic material. Experiments were conducted in specimens to simulate an infinite plate for similar to 10 mu s. The initial specimens were 152 mm square by 6 mm thick acrylic sheets, and were fabricated to study non-steady near-wave-speed crack propagation. A variant of this specimen embedded a 25 mm x 3 mm PBX 9205 pellet to explore the influence of dynamic Mode-I cracks in these materials. The crack was initiated by up to 0.24 g of Detasheet placed along a precursor 50 mm long notch, with a shield to contain the reaction products and prevent propagation along the fractured surfaces. The crack was studied by means of a streak camera and a Fourier-filter of the light reflecting off the newly minted surfaces. The sub-microsecond behavior of holes initiating, preceding and coalescing with the main crack were observed in the PMMA samples. The embedding and mechanical loading of explosives by this technique did not initiate a self-sustaining reaction in preliminary testing. C1 [Washabaugh, P. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hill, L. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Washabaugh, PD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU United States Department of Energy via Phil Howe FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy via Phil Howe, Program Manager. Don Murk provided technical assistance. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 727 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500173 ER PT S AU Alexander, CS Chhabildas, LC Templeton, DW AF Alexander, C. S. Chhabildas, L. C. Templeton, D. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The Hugoniot elastic limit of soda-lime glass SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE soda-lime glass; Hugoniot elastic limit; HEL; shockwaves ID SHOCK AB Soda-lime glass (SLG) is a highly available low cost glass formulation commonly used in window applications. Over the past decade, there have been a number of studies which have examined the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of this material resulting in a wide range of values from 3.1 to 6.0 GPa. The determination of the HEL is complicated by many factors including ramp loading due to the convex downward curvature of the Hugoniot at low pressures. Results of transmitted wave profile experiments up to 20 GPa are presented and analyzed to determine the loading and release characteristics of SLG near the HEL. Results indicate a response that is more complex than the elastic - plastic response typical of many materials, possibly explaining the wide range in initially reported HEL values. C1 [Alexander, C. S.; Chhabildas, L. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Templeton, D. W.] US Army Tank Automot Res, Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000.] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 733 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500174 ER PT S AU Hooks, DE Ramos, KJ Bahr, DF AF Hooks, D. E. Ramos, K. J. Bahr, D. F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The effect of cracks and voids on the dynamic yield of RDX single crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE RDX; single crystals; dislocations; Hugoniot elastic limit; defects AB To further understand the deformation mechanisms associated with the dynamic yield point and shock initiation of single crystals of explosives, shock wave loading experiments were performed on oriented crystals of RDX at impact stresses of approximately 1GPa. Defect content in the crystals and the surface polishing technique were varied and the resulting materials were characterized by optical microscopy. In previous experiments on (100) oriented crystals, multiple loading inflections in the proximity of the dynamic yield point were thought to be due to cracks introduced during experiment assembly. Experiments were performed to try to reproduce these features on other crystal orientations by deliberately inducing cracks and/or choosing crystals with voids. Previously observed inflections in the proximity of the dynamic yield point can be interpreted as discrete yielding events potentially caused by one or more defects that eventually lead to a disperse elastic-plastic transition as observed in randomly oriented powders or perhaps sufficiently defective single crystals. The intent of this effort is to understand the effects of orientation dependent crystal plasticity and large defects, such as surface finish, cracks, and voids, on dynamic deformation separately so that the efficiencies and importance of deformation mechanisms in the initiation process can begin to be delineated for energetic molecular single crystals. C1 [Hooks, D. E.; Ramos, K. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bahr, D. F.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hooks, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration Dynamic Materials Properties Science Campaign; Department of Energy / Department of Defense Joint Munitions Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration Dynamic Materials Properties Science Campaign, The Department of Energy / Department of Defense Joint Munitions Program, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 789 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500187 ER PT S AU Aida, T Walter, JW Bdzil, JB AF Aida, Toru Walter, John W. Bdzil, John B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Application of detonation shock dynamics (DSD) to Youngs-type discontinuous interface geometry SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonation shock dynamics; DSD; Youngs interface AB Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) describes the evolution of a two- or three-dimensional detonation wave in a way that accounts for the finite detonation reaction zone thickness as long as it is sufficiently small compared to the radius of curvature of the detonation wave front. The current DSD solver obtains its input parameters by superimposing a rectangular Cartesian grid over the high explosive (HE) regions, determining the signed normal distance from each grid point to the nearest point on the HE boundary (negative on the inside of HE and positive on the outside) and assigning a material identification to each grid point. It has been shown previously to work well with a Lagrangian geometric description where the mesh entities, particularly cell faces, are contiguous and therefore distances to the HE boundary are precisely defined. In this paper a new scheme for the DSD driver code is presented that allows the HE boundary to be represented in a noncontiguous fashion, such as is obtained from a Youngs-type material interface reconstruction, as often used in Eulerian hydrodynamics codes. C1 [Aida, Toru] Los Alamos Natl Lab, SMMP X 1, MS P365, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Walter, John W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MV X 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bdzil, John B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE 9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aida, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, SMMP X 1, MS P365, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA [NNX09AB39G] FX The ADS is Operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Grant NNX09AB39G. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 809 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500191 ER PT S AU Aslam, TA AF Aslam, Tariq A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Detonation Shock Dynamics calibration of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English Estonian DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonation : shock dynamics; PBX 9501; model calibration AB Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) has proven to be a fast and accurate alternative to direct numerical simulation of propagating detonations. Here, the requisite differential equations, experimental data and calibration procedure will be outlined for the plastic bonded explosive PBX 9501. It will be shown that the DSD model can fit the existing PBX 9501 data to within the experimental uncertainty. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aslam, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Aslam, Tariq/0000-0002-4263-0401 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500192 ER PT S AU Henson, BF Smilowitz, L Romero, JJ Sandstrom, MM Asay, BW Schwartz, C Saunders, A Merrill, F MorriS, C Murray, MM McNeil, WV Marr-Lyon, M Rightley, PM AF Henson, B. F. Smilowitz, L. Romero, J. J. Sandstrom, M. M. Asay, B. W. Schwartz, C. Saunders, A. Merrill, F. MorriS, C. Murray, M. M. McNeil, W. V. Marr-Lyon, M. Rightley, P. M. CA Prad Collaboration BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Burn propagation in a PBX 9501 thermal explosion SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE thermal explosion; combustion; PBX 9501; proton radiography AB We have applied proton radiography to study the conversion of solid density to gaseous combustion products subsequent to ignition of a thermal explosion in PBX 9501. We apply a thermal boundary condition to the cylindrical walls of the case, ending with an induction period at 205 C. We then introduce a laser pulse that accelerates the thermal ignition and synchronizes the explosion with the proton accelerator. We then obtain fast, synchronized images of the evolution of density loss with few microsecond resolution during the approximately 100 microsecond duration of the explosion. We present images of the solid explosive during the explosion and discuss measured rates and assumed mechanisms of burning the role of pressure in this internal burning. C1 [Henson, B. F.; Smilowitz, L.; Romero, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sandstrom, M. M.; Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Saunders, A.; Merrill, F.; MorriS, C.; Murray, M. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McNeil, W. V.; Marr-Lyon, M.; Rightley, P. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, HX Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255; Merrill, Frank/0000-0003-0603-735X FU Science Campaign FX This research was supported by Science Campaign and 2 and the Surety Program administered by Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the Joint Munitions Program administered by both the Departments of Energy and Defense. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 825 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500195 ER PT S AU Hill, LG AF Hill, Larry G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Critical temperature correlation for a near-unity aspect ratio charge of arbitrary size and shape SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE cookoff; non-shock initiation; thermal explosion; ignition AB The classical thermal explosion theory of D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii (F-K) is analytic with respect to charge size but numerical with respect to charge shape. The numerical determination of criticality for a general shape is non-trivial, and is therefore not often performed in practice. For estimation purposes it would be useful to avoid computations by finding an approximate correlation relating the critical state to the relevant generic attributes of the charge shape. I present such a correlation that accurately does so for bodies of near-unity aspect ratio; however, the result breaks down for extended aspect ratio bodies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 829 EP 832 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500196 ER PT S AU Parker, GR Asay, BW Dickson, PM Rae, P Ionita, A AF Parker, G. R. Asay, B. W. Dickson, P. M. Rae, P. Ionita, A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Non-random crack opening in partially confined, thermally damaged PBX 9501 and observations on its effects on combustion SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE thermal damage; explosives; combustion; cracks; porosity AB In this work, we present evidence for how strong radial confinement can result in aligned macro-scale crack opening. We damage cylinders in a tight-fitting quartz sleeve, open on both ends, and observe the occurrence of aligned cracks opening normal to the longitudinal axis. This geometry and confinement is common in experimental arrangements such as strand burners and DDT tubes. Further, we observe, with high-speed photography, how this non-random crack opening affects combustion, and propose mechanisms, garnered from time-lapse photography and elastic stress analysis, for how it occurs. C1 [Parker, G. R.; Asay, B. W.; Dickson, P. M.; Rae, P.; Ionita, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500202 ER PT S AU Salyer, TR Hill, LG AF Salyer, Terry R. Hill, Larry G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The incidental effects of gaps in detonating PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonation; gaps; initiation; PBX 9501 AB The incidental effects of gaps in detonating explosives have been observed for over two centuries, yet the root cause of peripheral damage due to these features has been a partial mystery. To evaluate such damage for PBX 9501, a test series has been performed that examines single and multiply-directed detonations crossing gaps of varying widths and angles relative to the detonation wave fronts. Damage is evaluated with steel witness plates and quantified through trench profiling and photographic analysis. In addition, streak camera traces are used to track detonations along explosive material surfaces and across gaps. Such traces allow the quantification of timing delays due to the gap reinitiation process. For some reinitiation tests, a second detonation wave is directed to interfere at varying times with the post-gap initiation process of the first wave, thus allowing complex wave-wave interactions to be investigated in detail. With these cumulative observations, further insight into the mechanism of extrinsic damage due to gaps is gained. C1 [Salyer, Terry R.; Hill, Larry G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Salyer, TR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500205 ER PT S AU Vitello, P Garza, R Hernandez, A Souers, PC AF Vitello, Peter Garza, Raul Hernandez, Andy Souers, P. Clark BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The energy diameter effect SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE size effect; diameter effect; detonation velocity; detonation energy; cylinder test ID REACTIVE FLOW; CYLINDER TEST; DETONATION AB We explore various relations for the detonation energy and velocity as they relate to the inverse radius of the cylinder. The effective detonation rate-inverse slope relation seen in reactive flow models can be used to derive the familiar Eyring equation. Generalized inverse radii can be shown to fit large quantities of cylinder results. A rough relation between detonation energy and detonation velocity is found from collected JWL values. Cylinder test data for ammonium nitrate mixes down to 6.35 mm radii are presented, and a size energy effect is shown to exist in the Cylinder test data. The relation that detonation energy is roughly proportional to the square of the detonation velocity is shown by data and calculation. C1 [Vitello, Peter; Garza, Raul; Hernandez, Andy; Souers, P. Clark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vitello, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500208 ER PT S AU Chidester, SK Thompson, DG Vandersall, KS Idar, DJ Tarver, CM Garcia, F Urtiew, PA AF Chidester, Steven K. Thompson, Darla G. Vandersall, Kevin S. Idar, Deanne J. Tarver, Craig M. Garcia, Frank Urtiew, Paul A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock initiation experiments on PBX 9501 explosive at pressures below 3 GPa with associated Ignition and Growth modeling SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosive; PBX 9501; shock to detonation transition; Ignition and Growth AB Shock initiation experiments on the explosive PBX 9501 (95% HMX, 2.5% estane, and 2.5% nitroplasticizer by weight) were performed at pressures below 3 GPa to obtain in-situ pressure gauge data, run-distance-to-detonation thresholds, and Ignition and Growth modeling parameters. Propellant driven gas guns (101 mm and 155 mm) were utilized to initiate the PBX 9501 explosive with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauge packages placed between sample slices. The run-distance-to-detonation points on the Pop-plot for these experiments showed agreement with previously published data and Ignition and Growth modeling parameters were obtained with a good fit to the experimental data. This parameter set will allow accurate code predictions to be calculated for safety scenarios in the low-pressure regime (below 3 GPa) involving PBX 9501 explosive. C1 [Chidester, Steven K.; Vandersall, Kevin S.; Tarver, Craig M.; Garcia, Frank; Urtiew, Paul A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Thompson, Darla G.; Idar, Deanne J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chidester, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 903 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500214 ER PT S AU Garcia, F Vandersall, KS Tarver, CM Urtiew, PA AF Garcia, Frank Vandersall, Kevin S. Tarver, Craig M. Urtiew, Paul A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock initiation experiments on the LLM-105 explosive RX-55-AA at 25 degrees C and 150 degrees C with Ignition and Growth modeling SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosive; LLM-105; RX-55; shock to detonation transition; Ignition and Growth AB Shock initiation experiments on the LLM-105 based explosive RX-55-AA (95% LLM-105, 5% Viton by weight) were performed at 25 degrees C and 150 degrees C to obtain in-situ pressure gauge data, run-distance-to-detonation thresholds, and Ignition and Growth modeling parameters. A 101 mm diameter propellant driven gas gun was utilized to initiate the explosive sample with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauge packages placed between sample slices. The run-distance-to-detonation points on the Pop-plot for these experiments showed agreement at 25 degrees C with previously published data on a similar LLM-105 based formulation RX-55-AB as well as a slight sensitivity increase at elevated temperature (150 degrees C) as expected. Ignition and Growth modeling parameters were obtained with a reasonable fit to the experimental data. C1 [Garcia, Frank; Vandersall, Kevin S.; Tarver, Craig M.; Urtiew, Paul A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Garcia, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 907 EP 910 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500215 ER PT S AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR AF Gustavsen, R. L. Sheffield, S. A. Alcon, R. R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Extended run distance measurements of shock initiation in PBX 9502 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock initiation; PBX 9502; magnetic gauging AB We have completed a series of shock initiation experiments on two lots of PBX 9502 (95 weight % TATB, 5 weight % Kel-F 800 binder). One PBX 9502 lot contained few fine particles (10 weight % < 20 microns) while the second lot contained many fines (39 weight % < 20 microns). Large, 71 mm diameter PBX 9502 samples were used and input pressures were 7.5 - 8.5 GPa, resulting in run distances of 25 - 35 mm. Buildup to detonation was measured using embedded magnetic particle velocity gauges. An unusual feature of the work was the use of metallic impactors (316 stainless steel) in combination with magnetic gauges. It has previously been assumed that conducting impactors would badly perturb the magnetic gauge measurements. However, we observed only a baseline voltage shift of approximate to 10% which increased linearly with time. Results include detonation coordinates (x*, t*) vs. initial shock pressure. No lot to lot differences in initiation behavior were observed. C1 [Gustavsen, R. L.; Sheffield, S. A.; Alcon, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 915 EP 918 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500217 ER PT S AU Jackson, SI Hill, LG AF Jackson, Scott I. Hill, Larry G. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Predicting runaway reaction in a solid explosive containing a single crack SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE porosity; deflagration; PBX 9501 : fracture; PBX 9501 : thermal damage; confinement; cookoff ID COMBUSTION; PBX-9501 AB This work predicts the critical conditions required for the onset of reaction runaway in a narrow high-explosive slot intended to simulate a crack. We review ongoing experiments where flames propagated through such slots at velocities up to 10 km/s, reaching pressures in excess of 1 kbar. A model is developed where slot pressurization is attributed to gas-dynamic choking at the slot exit. The combination of choking and a pressure-dependent reaction rate is shown to be capable of runaway reaction for a range of slot dimensions and pressures. This model agrees with experimental pressure measurements of reaction runaway in slots and provides a mechanism for the erratic burning observed with some explosives under high pressure. C1 [Jackson, Scott I.; Hill, Larry G.] LANL, Shock & Detonat Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jackson, SI (reprint author), LANL, Shock & Detonat Phys, DE-9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Jackson, Scott/0000-0002-6814-3468 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 927 EP 930 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500220 ER PT S AU Lappo, KN Todd, SN Anderson, MU Vogler, TJ AF Lappo, K. N. Todd, S. N. Anderson, M. U. Vogler, T. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Non-shock initiation of the plastic bonded explosive PBXN-5: Experimental results SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE initiation; detonation; deflagration; damage; relief wave; rarefaction; porosity AB The plastic bonded explosive PBXN-5 was studied under impulsive loading experiments to relate impact-induced mechanical damage to the onset of, and the extent of reaction produced. A small diameter projectile generated shock and release conditions at the impact interface, on the microsecond time scale during the initial portion of the impulsive loading. These shock and release wave interactions generate significant damage, resulting in a porous, powder compaction-type initiation behavior. Experimental measurements show an energy threshold for initiation of reaction which relates to impact-induced kinetic energy. These results are implemented in the model development and validation phases of the damage-induced reaction (DMGIR) model, which is used to simulate impact scenarios of explosives, explosive components, and explosive systems. C1 [Lappo, K. N.; Todd, S. N.; Anderson, M. U.; Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lappo, KN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 959 EP 962 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500227 ER PT S AU Menikoff, R AF Menikoff, Ralph BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Micro-gap experiments and insensitive explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PBX 9404; HMX crystal; gap test; shock initiation AB Early research on shock desensitized plastic-bonded explosives (circa 1970) also studied large single crystals of explosive. High quality crystals-free from voids that serve as nucleation sites for hot spots-have been found to be very insensitive to shock initiation. In fact, experiments were not able to initiate a 10mm crystal of HMX with a detonation wave in PBX 9404, which is 94 weight% HMX. Yet a single crystal of the same size can be initiated by a flyer plate that drives a shock wave at about the Chapman-Jouguet pressure of PBX 9404 or 35 GPa. This is especially puzzling since the detonation wave in PBX 9404 has a peak pressure at the von Neumann spike of nearly 60 GPa. An important difference between the two drive systems is a small gap at the PBX 9404/HMX interface due to surface roughness of the PBX-estimated to be about 30 microns. Conceptually, the experiment is equivalent to the gap test used to compare the sensitivity of explosives; albeit with a micro-gap and a very insensitive explosive. The inability of a PBX 9404 detonation wave to initiate a single crystal of HMX is due to the reaction zone in the PBX 9404 being of comparable length to the gap and the rarefaction or Taylor wave behind the detonation front. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500229 ER PT S AU Lee, KY Moore, DS AF Lee, K. -Y. Moore, D. S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Pressing induced polymorphic phase transition in submicron-sized gamma-HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosives; polymorphism; Raman spectroscopy; stability testing AB Using Raman spectroscopy, a novel submicron-sized HMX (sm-HMX) was determined to be both the gamma polymorph and stable with respect to conversion to beta-HMX tinder ambient conditions for at least a year. Pressing of sm-HMX powder in a small diameter pellet press at pressures from 10,000 psi to 3 1,000 psi and I to 5 minute hold times was found to promote the gamma to beta polymorphic phase transition. The fraction converted and rate of conversion versus time after pellet removal from the press, measured using Raman spectroscopy, fit a sigmoidal curve, indicating nucleation and growth as a possible polymorphic transition mechanism. C1 [Lee, K. -Y.; Moore, D. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energ Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energ Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 975 EP 978 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500231 ER PT S AU Peterson, PD Avilucea, GR Bishop, RL Sanchez, JA AF Peterson, P. D. Avilucea, G. R. Bishop, R. L. Sanchez, J. A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Individual contributions of friction and impact on non-shock initiation of high explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosives; sensitivity AB Throughout the years a variety of tests have been designed which provide insight into the sensitivity of high explosives (HE) to non-shock initiation. Various standard tests such as the LANL drop weight impact, LLNL drop hammer, drop tower and skid tests have been developed to measure energetic response of explosives subjected to a combination of friction and oblique impact. In addition, the BAM test (for HE powders on roughened ceramic) and ABL friction test (powders or solids on roughened metal) have been developed for testing HE under frictional loading. In an effort to understand first principles of non-shock initiation, we have designed a series of tests to try to isolate friction and impact during the insult of HE. An initial series of tests have been completed with PETN, HMX, and as-pressed pellets of PBX 9501 (95 wt% HMX, wt% inert binder), PBX 9502 (95 wt% TATB, 5 wt% inert binder), Cyclotol (75 wt% RDX/25, wt% TNT), and Comp B3 (60 wt% RDX, 40 wt% TNT). The results suggest that some types of high explosives are relatively insensitive to pure impact and friction. C1 [Peterson, P. D.; Avilucea, G. R.; Bishop, R. L.; Sanchez, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, PD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 983 EP 986 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500233 ER PT S AU Peterson, PD Moore, KYLDS Scharff, RJ Avilucea, GR AF Peterson, P. D. Moore, K-Y. Lee D. S. Scharff, R. J. Avilucea, G. R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI The evolution of sensitivity in HMX-based explosives during the reversion from delta to beta phase SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosives; polymorphism; Raman spectroscopy; sensitivity AB In an effort to better understand the evolution of sensitivity in HMX-based explosives formulations during the reversion from the delta to the beta polymorph, we have performed friction and impact experiments on Class 1 (coarse) and Class 2 (fine) HMX [1]. Initial baselines for Type 12 drop weight impact and BAM friction sensitivities were obtained for the beta-HMX starting material. The HMX was then heated at similar to 184 C,for 14 h. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the conversion to delta-phase. Raman results show that the delta material remains delta for long periods when stored in a dessicator at room temperature (RT), converts to alpha when stored at RT and 20-40% relative humidity (RH) over a period of days, and reverts to beta over a period of days when stored at RT and 95-98% relative humidity (RE). Impact and friction tests were performed on the delta-HMX, converted alpha-HMX, and reverted beta-HMX. The tests show similar sensitivities of the delta-HNEX and converted alpha-HMX in both impact and friction, both of which are similar to 10-20% more sensitive than the beta-HMX and reverted beta depending on the particle size distribution. The alpha-HMX appears to be fairly stable over time (by Raman analysis) at ambient conditions, but fairly low humidity (20-40%), or in a dessicator. C1 [Peterson, P. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, PD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Scharff, Robert/0000-0002-1708-8964 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06N25396] FX The authors are grateful to Edward Roemer for his superior SEM micrographs and Mary Sandstrom for her DSC analysis. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by LANS, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06N25396. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 987 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500234 ER PT S AU Tappan, AS AF Tappan, Alexander S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Microenergetics: Combustion and detonation at sub-millimeter scales SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE microenergetics; microdetonics; nanocomposite thermite; microcombustion AB At Sandia National Laboratories, we have coined the term "microenergetics" to describe sub-millimeter energetic material studies aimed at gaining knowledge of combustion and detonation behavior at the mesoscale. Our approach is to apply technologies developed by the microelectronics industry to fabricate test samples with well-defined geometries. Substrates have been fabricated from materials such as silicon and ceramics, with channels to contain the energetic material. Energetic materials have been loaded into the channels, either as powders, femtosecond laser-micromachined pellets, or as vapor-deposited films. Ignition of the samples has been achieved by simple hotwires, integrated semiconductor bridges, and also by lasers. Additionally, grain-scale patterning has been performed on explosive films using both oxygen plasma etching and femtosecond laser micromachining. We have demonstrated simple work functions in microenergetic devices, such as piston motion, which is also a relevant diagnostic to examine combustion properties. Detonation has been achieved in deposited explosive films, recorded by high-speed photography. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tappan, AS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS1454, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 997 EP 1002 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500236 ER PT S AU Thompson, DG Gustavsen, RL Hooks, DE Peterson, PD DeLuca, R Stahl, DB Hagelberg, SI Alcon, RR AF Thompson, D. G. Gustavsen, R. L. Hooks, D. E. Peterson, P. D. DeLuca, R. Stahl, D. B. Hagelberg, S. I. Alcon, R. R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Study of the shock sensitivity of PBX 9501 damaged by compressive loading SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE plastic bonded explosive; shock initiation; damage; shock sensitivity AB We have studied the effects of damage caused by compressive loading on the shock sensitivity of the plastic bonded explosive PBX 9501. PBX 9501 consists of 95 wt. % HMX and 5 wt. % nitroplasticized Estane binder. The binder is a mixture of 49 wt. % Estane((R))5703 (BF Goodrich), 49 wt. % Nitroplasticizer (a eutectic mixture of bis(2.2-dinitropropyl) formal and bis(2,2 din itropropyl)acetal), and 2 wt. % Irganox((R)) 10 10 stabilizer. PBX 9501 cubes, 25.4 mm on a side, were compressed to various uniaxial loads in an Instron machine. After loading, 10x10 mm cross-sections, 3.5 mm thick, were taken from the center of each cube. These slices were then subjected to nearly identical 35 kbar shocks. Transmitted shock wave profiles were measured using interface velocimetry (VISAR). Comparison of shock wave growth is a measure of shock sensitivity. Results on four samples indicate little change in sensitivity caused by compressive loading. C1 [Thompson, D. G.; Gustavsen, R. L.; Hooks, D. E.; Peterson, P. D.; DeLuca, R.; Stahl, D. B.; Hagelberg, S. I.; Alcon, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1003 EP 1005 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500237 ER PT S AU Todd, SN Vogler, TJ Caipen, TL Grady, DE AF Todd, S. N. Vogler, T. J. Caipen, T. L. Grady, D. E. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Non-shock initiation model for plastic bonded explosive PBXN-5: Theoretical results SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE initiation; model; simulation; damage AB A "damage-initiated reaction" (DMGIR) computational model is presented for prediction of explosive response to non-shock mechanical insults. The distinguishing feature of this model is the introduction of a damage variable, which relates the evolution of damage to the initiation of reaction in the explosive, and the growth to detonation. The DMGIR model was embedded into an existing shock-physics computational code to utilize those existing, predictive capabilities as the basis for these non-shock predictions. The numerical approach is presented, with comparisons of DMGIR predictions to recent experiments utilizing non-shock initiation of the plastic bonded explosive PBXN-5. This model has been developed, and is presently being validated for plastic bonded explosives. Extension of the DMGIR model is planned for cast- and moldable-type explosives. C1 [Todd, S. N.; Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Caipen, T. L.; Grady, D. E.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Todd, SN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Chance Hughs, Shawn Parks, Charles Jensen, and Mark Anderson for their contributions to this research program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1006 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500238 ER PT S AU Vandersall, KS Tarver, CM Garcia, F Urtiew, PA Chidester, SK AF Vandersall, Kevin S. Tarver, Craig M. Garcia, Frank Urtiew, Paul A. Chidester, Steven Kl BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock initiation on experiments on the HMX based explosive LX-10 with associated ignition and growth modeling SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosive; HMX; LX-10; shock to detonation transition; ignition and growth AB Shock initiation experiments on the HMX based explosive LX-10 (95% HMX, 5% Viton by weight) were performed to obtain in-situ. pressure gauge data, run-distance-to-detonation thresholds, and Ignition and Growth modeling parameters. A 101 mm diameter propellant driven gas gun was utilized to initiate the explosive samples with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauge packages placed between sample slices. The run-distance-to-detonation points on the Pop-plot for these experiments showed agreement with previous published data and extended the range to lower pressures. The Ignition and Growth modeling parameters showed good agreement to the data over the pressure range tested. This parameter set will provide additional information to ensure accurate code predictions for safety scenarios involving the HMX based explosive LX-10. C1 [Vandersall, Kevin S.; Tarver, Craig M.; Garcia, Frank; Urtiew, Paul A.; Chidester, Steven Kl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vandersall, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1010 EP 1013 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500239 ER PT S AU Fredenburg, DA Vogler, TJ Saldana, CJ Thadhani, NN AF Fredenburg, D. A. Vogler, T. J. Saldana, C. J. Thadhani, N. N. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Shock consolidation of nanocrystalline aluminum for bulk component formation SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE dynamic consolidation; nanocrystalline; Al 6061-T6; mechanical properties AB Al 6061-T6 powder particles with a partially nanocrystalline graded microstructure in three distinct morphologies are compacted at an impact velocity of 650 m/s. Recovered samples are characterized to determine degree of compaction, deformation characteristics, and mechanical properties. Compacts range from 96-98% of theoretical density, exhibiting relatively low elastic moduli. Nano-indentation yields relatively consistent hardness values of similar to 1.4 GPa, indicating hardness of starting powders is preserved after compaction. Micro-indentation indicates varying degrees of compaction through specimen cross-section, which is supported by EBSD and optical microscopy. C1 [Fredenburg, D. A.; Thadhani, N. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, 771 1 Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fredenburg, D. A.; Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Saldana, C. J.] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fredenburg, DA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 771 1 Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 FU Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the following people for their technical support: Tom Buchheit, Luke Brewer, Joe Micheal, Steven Younghouse, and Tom Thornhill. Funding for this research is provided by Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1029 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500243 ER PT S AU Spaulding, DK Hicks, DG Smith, RF Eggert, JH McWilliams, RS Collins, GW Jeanloz, R AF Spaulding, D. K. Hicks, D. G. Smith, R. F. Eggert, J. H. McWilliams, R. S. Collins, G. W. Jeanloz, R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI New optical diagnostics for equation of state experiments on the Janus laser SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE temperature; optical absorption; pyrometer; laser-driven acceleration ID SELF-FREQUENCY SHIFT AB We describe the configuration of two new optical diagnostics for laser-driven dynamic-compression experiments to multi-Mbar pressures. A streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) has been developed to provide temporally and spatially-resolved records of the thermal emission from shock-compressed samples. In addition, temporally-resolved broadband reflectivity is measured between 532 and similar to 850 nm by supercontinuum generation in an optical fiber. These new tools expand capabilities to probe the thermal and electronic states of matter at high pressures and temperatures using the Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory's Janus laser. C1 [Spaulding, D. K.; McWilliams, R. S.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hicks, D. G.; Smith, R. F.; Eggert, J. H.; McWilliams, R. S.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Spaulding, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hicksl3@llnl.gov; eggertl@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; McWilliams, R./J-4358-2016 FU Krell Institute DOE/NNSA Stockpile Stewardship; LLNL [W-7405-ENG-48] FX Kjell Tengesdal (LLNL) acquired equipment and assisted in setting up the broadband reflectivity diagnostic. Dylan Spaulding works under the support of a Krell Institute DOE/NNSA Stockpile Stewardship Graduate Fellowship. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1071 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500253 ER PT S AU Bucholtz, SM Gehr, RJ Alcon, RR Gustavsen, RL AF Bucholtz, S. M. Gehr, R. J. Alcon, R. R. Gustavsen, R. L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Improved temperature control system for gas gun targets SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE experimental techniques; temperature; shock AB The temperature control system for gas gun targets was originally designed to heat or cool a sample to a final temperature between -75 degrees C and +120 degrees C. The system has now been used for 14 experiments, 13 of which were on the high explosive PBX 9502 cooled to a final temperature of -55 degrees C. These experiments have stimulated us to make many improvements, including redesigned plumbing and an extension of the heating range to +250 degrees C. In addition, rise time data from the magnetic gauges indicates that sample/projectile tilt is on the order of 10 milliradians. An optical system was built to measure changes in the sample surface position and orientation. Measurements made on a Teflon test sample will be presented. C1 [Bucholtz, S. M.; Gehr, R. J.] Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, 3500 Trin DrUnit 4-C, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Alcon, R. R.; Gustavsen, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bucholtz, SM (reprint author), Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, 3500 Trin DrUnit 4-C, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM sbucholtz@kcp.com OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 FU NNSA Enhanced Surveillance Campaign [DE-ACO4-01AL66850] FX This work was supported by the NNSA Enhanced Surveillance Campaign through contract DE-ACO4-01AL66850. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1085 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500256 ER PT S AU Clarke, SA Bolme, CA Murphy, MJ Landon, CD Mason, TA Adrian, RJ Akinci, AA Martinez, ME Thomas, KA AF Clarke, S. A. Bolme, C. A. Murphy, M. J. Landon, C. D. Mason, T. A. Adrian, R. J. Akinci, A. A. Martinez, M. E. Thomas, K. A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Using schlieren visualization to track detonator performance SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonator; high speed videography; schlieren; finite element simulation AB Several experiments will be presented that are part of a phased plan to understand the evolution of detonation in a detonator from initiation shock through run to detonation, to full detonation, to transition, to booster and booster detonation. High-speed multiframe schlieren imagery has been used to study several explosive initiation events, such as exploding bridgewires (EBWs), exploding foil initiators (EFIs or "slappers"), direct optical initiation (DOI), and electrostatic discharge. Additionally, a series of tests has been performed on "cut-back" detonators with varying initial pressing heights. We have also used this diagnostic to visualize a range of EBW, EFI, and DOI full-up detonators. Future applications to other explosive events, such as boosters and insensitive high explosives booster evaluation, will be discussed. The EPIC finite element code has been used to analyze the shock fronts from the schlieren images to solve iteratively for consistent boundary or initial conditions to determine the temporal-spatial pressure profile across the output face of the detonator. C1 [Clarke, S. A.; Mason, T. A.; Akinci, A. A.; Martinez, M. E.; Thomas, K. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bolme, C. A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Murphy, M. J.] Arizona State Univ, Mech Engn & Aerosp Dept, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Landon, C. D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84604 USA. RP Clarke, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bolme, Cynthia/0000-0002-1880-271X FU Joint Munitions Program; DoD; DOE FX Funding was provided by the Joint Munitions Program, a joint DoD and DOE program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1089 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500257 ER PT S AU Greenfield, SR Luo, SN Paisley, DL Loomis, EN Swift, DC Koskelo, AC AF Greenfield, S. R. Luo, S. N. Paisley, D. L. Loomis, E. N. Swift, D. C. Koskelo, A. C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Transient imaging displacement interferometry applied to shock loading SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE interferometry; shock; copper; TIM; TIDI AB We have applied Transient Imaging Displacement Interferometry (TIDI) to copper targets loaded by laser-launched flyers. TIDI captures the full-field out-of-plane surface displacement map single-shot with the time resolution of the illumination pulses (180 ps). Displacement sensitivity of similar to 10 nm with lateral spatial resolution of similar to 5 microns is achieved over our similar to 1 mm(2) field-of-view. A framing camera allows capture of up to eight displacement maps for a single loading event, allowing the evolution of the surface motion to be tracked. Point and line VISARs are used as complementary diagnostics that provide a temporally continuous record of the velocity history of the sample, and also provide time stamps for the TIDI displacement maps. The rich heterogeneity in the surface displacement due to the grain structure of the sample is readily measured. C1 [Greenfield, S. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greenfield, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C ADI, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1093 EP 1096 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500258 ER PT S AU Grigsby, W Cho, BI Bernstein, AC Quevedo, HJ Colvin, J Downer, MC Ditmire, T AF Grigsby, W. Cho, B. I. Bernstein, A. C. Quevedo, H. J. Colvin, J. Downer, M. C. Ditmire, T. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Development of third harmonic generation as a short pulse probe of shock heated material SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE laser driven shock; time resolved; interferometry; harmonic generation ID PHASE-TRANSITION; SILICON AB We are studying high-pressure laser produced shock waves in silicon (100). To examine the material dynamics, we are performing pump-probe style experiments utilizing 600 ps and 40 fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. Two-dimensional interferometry reveals information about the shock breakout, while third harmonic light generated at the rear surface is used to infer the crystalline state of the material as a function of time. Sustained third harmonic generation (THG) during a similar to 100 kbar shock breakout indicate that the rear surface remains crystalline for at least 3 ns. However, a decrease in THG during a similar to 300 kbar shock breakout suggests a different behavior, which could include a change in crystalline structure. C1 [Grigsby, W.; Cho, B. I.; Bernstein, A. C.; Quevedo, H. J.; Downer, M. C.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, 1 Univ Stn C 1510, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Colvin, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grigsby, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, 1 Univ Stn C 1510, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Cho, Byoung-ick/A-6294-2011 FU Army Research Office and the National Nuclear Security Administration under cooperative agreement [DE-FC52-03NA00156] FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office and the National Nuclear Security Administration under cooperative agreement DE-FC52-03NA00156. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1097 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500259 ER PT S AU Pravica, M Quine, Z Romano, E Bajar, S Yulga, B Yang, W Hooks, D AF Pravica, Michael Quine, Zachary Romano, Edward Bajar, Sean Yulga, Brian Yang, Wenge Hooks, Daniel BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Anisotropic decomposition of energetic materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE single crystal; energetic materials; PETN; decomposition; anisotropic; x-ray diffraction ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; RADIATION DAMAGE; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION; SHOCK INITIATION; ORGANIC CRYSTALS; SENSITIVITY; DETONATION; PRESSURE; PETN AB Using a white x-ray synchrotron beam, we have dynamically studied radiation-induced decomposition in single crystalline PETN and TATB. By monitoring the integrated intensity of selected diffraction spots via a CCD x-ray camera as a function of time, we have found that the decomposition rate varies dramatically depending upon the orientation of the crystalline axes relative to polarized x-ray beam and for differing diffracting conditions (spots) within the same crystalline orientation. We suggest that this effect is due to Compton scattering of the polarized x-rays with electron clouds that is dependent upon their relative orientation. This novel effect may yield valuable insight regarding anisotropic detonation sensitivity in energetic materials such as PETN. C1 [Pravica, Michael; Quine, Zachary; Romano, Edward; Bajar, Sean; Yulga, Brian] Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Yang, Wenge] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hooks, Daniel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pravica, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM pravica@physics.unlv.edu FU US Army RDECOM ACQ CTR [W9011NF-05-1-0266]; DOE [FC8806NA27684] FX We thank Prof. Oliver Tschauner for aid in orienting the crystals. We thank the HP-CAT staff for aid in this work particularly Dr. Yang Ding. We gratefully acknowledge support from US Army RDECOM ACQ CTR Contract W9011NF-05-1-0266 and the DOE DE-FC8806NA27684 Cooperative Agreements with UNLV. One of us (M.P.) wishes to acknowledge partial support for this work from the UNLV Institute for Security Studies Summer Research Award. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1117 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500264 ER PT S AU Reed, EJ Armstrong, MR Kim, KY Glownia, JH AF Reed, Evan J. Armstrong, Michael R. Kim, Ki-Yong Glownia, James H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Coherent THz frequency radiation from shock waves: A new ultrafast strain wave detection mechanism SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock wave; optical emission; molecular dynamics; THz radiation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL; PHONONS AB We discover that strain waves of THz frequencies can coherently generate radiation when they propagate past an interface between materials with different piezoelectric coefficients. By considering AlN/GaN heterostructures, we show that the radiation is of detectable amplitude and contains sufficient information to determine the time-dependence of the strain wave with potentially unprecedented nearly atomic time and space resolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon within the context of high amplitude THz frequency strain waves that spontaneously form at the front of shock waves in GaN crystals. We have performed proof of principle experiments that demonstrate THz signals that correlate with strain wave propagation times across Al thin films. C1 [Reed, Evan J.; Armstrong, Michael R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-367,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kim, Ki-Yong; Glownia, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-367,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reed23@llnl.gov RI Armstrong, Michael/I-9454-2012 FU LLNL LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank L. Fried for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the LLNL LDRD program and performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1121 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500265 ER PT S AU Rigg, PA Schwartz, CL Hixson, RS Saunders, A Merrill, FE Morris, CL AF Rigg, P. A. Schwartz, C. L. Hixson, R. S. Saunders, A. Merrill, F. E. Morris, C. L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Direct shock-density measurements using plate impact and proton radiography SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE proton radiography; density; plate impact ID ALUMINUM AB Proton radiography (pRad) is a powerful new diagnostic with the potential of producing accurate (1%) direct density measurements from dynamically loaded materials. Experiments have been performed to investigate the feasibility of using proton radiography (pRad) to obtain dynamic radiographs of shock-compressed materials during plate impact experiments. This work has involved the design, construction, and testing of a new 40mm single-stage, powder driven gun, the development of methods to synchronize the shock event generated with the gun to proton output, and initial proof-of-principle experiments in Area C at LANSCE. To date, four symmetric impact experiments on aluminum and copper have been performed with successful synchronization. The method used to attain synchronization of the shock event to proton beam output will be discussed and the results of our initial experiments will be presented. C1 [Rigg, P. A.; Schwartz, C. L.; Hixson, R. S.; Saunders, A.; Merrill, F. E.; Morris, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rigg, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255; Merrill, Frank/0000-0003-0603-735X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1125 EP 1130 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500266 ER PT S AU Routley, NR Price, E Keightley, PT Millett, JCF Bourne, NK Brown, EN Gray, GT AF Routley, N. R. Price, E. Keightley, P. T. Millett, J. C. F. Bourne, N. K. Brown, E. N. Gray, G. T., III BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI An investigation of surface velocimetry of shocked polyethylene using HetV SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE HetV; PDV; heterodyne; velocimetry; polyethylene AB The velocity history of a shocked free surface has traditionally been measured using established techniques such as VISAR or Fabry-Perot. In recent years a third type of velocimetry has been developed by LLNL which uses Heterodyne techniques, Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). This technique generates a Doppler beat frequency between light incident on the surface and light internally reflected within the system. Unlike the other two techniques PDV does not use an interferometer, instead it relies upon having the ability to directly record the high beat frequency. The setting up and fielding of PDV is therefore much simpler. A low power (Class I laser) system using this principal, locally known as Heterodyne Velocimetry (HetV) has been developed and assembled. A series of experiments has been carried out to investigate the Hugoniot of polyethylene using HetV and embedded stress gauges. The results obtained with HetV have been directly compared with the embedded gauge data from the same experiment. C1 [Routley, N. R.; Price, E.; Keightley, P. T.; Millett, J. C. F.; Bourne, N. K.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Brown, E. N.; Gray, G. T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Routley, NR (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM nathan.routley@awe.co.uk OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1131 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500267 ER PT S AU Schwartz, CL Hogan, GE Kwiatkowski, K Rigg, PA Rightley, PM Mariam, FG Marr-Lyon, M Merrill, FE Morris, CL Saunders, A Tupa, D AF Schwartz, C. L. Hogan, G. E. Kwiatkowski, K. Rigg, P. A. Rightley, P. M. Mariam, F. G. Marr-Lyon, M. Merrill, F. E. Morris, C. L. Saunders, A. Tupa, D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI New capabilties of 800 MeV proton radiography at Los Alamos SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE proton radiography; equation of state; ultra-fast imaging; aluminum; copper; iron; density AB Three new capabilities have recently been commissioned at the proton radiography [1] facility at Los Alamos. A powder gun driver system has been installed and commissioned and a series of demonstration measurements have been completed. This powder gun is now regularly used to drive dynamic experiments. A new CMOS hybrid camera technology has been developed and fielded resulting in dramatic improvements in quantum efficiency as well as providing eight additional radiographic images per dynamic event. A proton x3 magnifier was designed, built and commissioned to provide improved radiographic resolution for 800 MeV proton radiography experiments. Details of these new capabilities will be presented along with data from recent experiments which utilized these new capabilities. C1 [Schwartz, C. L.; Hogan, G. E.; Kwiatkowski, K.; Mariam, F. G.; Merrill, F. E.; Morris, C. L.; Saunders, A.; Tupa, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Mail Stop H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rigg, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rightley, P. M.; Marr-Lyon, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, HX Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwartz, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Mail Stop H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cschwartz@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD; U. S. Department of Energy FX Funding was provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program and the U. S. Department of Energy. The authors thank the LANSCE operations team and are grateful to many colleagues whose advances and contributions have made proton radiography such a valuable technique. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1135 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500268 ER PT S AU Smilowitz, L Henson, BF Romero, JJ Sandstrom, MM Asay, BW Schwartz, C Saunders, A Merrill, F Morris, C Murray, MM McNeil, WV Marr-Lyon, M Rightley, PM AF Smilowitz, L. Henson, B. F. Romero, J. J. Sandstrom, M. M. Asay, B. W. Schwartz, C. Saunders, A. Merrill, F. Morris, C. Murray, M. M. McNeil, W. V. Marr-Lyon, M. Rightley, P. M. CA pRad Collaboration BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Proton radiography of a thermal explosion in PBX9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE PBX9501; thermal explosion; laser ignition AB The understanding of thermal explosions and bum propagation lags that of detonations and shock propagation. Diagnostics such as high energy radiography have been used to image shocks, but have been previously precluded from use in thermal explosions due to their stringent timing requirements: shock propagation can be synchronized to an external diagnostic while thermal explosion can not. This issue is solved by following the evolution of the ignition volume in a thermal explosion and using a laser pulse to provide a temperature jump in that central volume during the final thermal runaway leading to ignition. Thermal explosion experiments have been conducted at the Los Alamos Proton Radiography facility and have yielded images of the evolution of ignition, post-ignition burn propagation, and case failure in a radially confined cylinder of PBX 9501. This paper presents images taken during the hours long quasistatic heating, the final minutes of thermal runaway, and the post ignition burn propagation. C1 [Smilowitz, L.; Henson, B. F.; Romero, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sandstrom, M. M.; Asay, B. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schwartz, C.; Saunders, A.; Merrill, F.; Morris, C.; Murray, M. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McNeil, W. V.; Marr-Lyon, M.; Rightley, P. M.; pRad Collaboration] Los Alamos Natl Lab, HX Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smilowitz, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smilo@lanl.gov OI Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255; Merrill, Frank/0000-0003-0603-735X NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1139 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500269 ER PT S AU Strand, OT Whitworth, TL AF Strand, Oliver T. Whitworth, Tony L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Using the heterodyne method to measure velocities on shock physics experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE diagnostics; velocimeter; heterodyne AB We developed a velocimeter system several years ago that uses the heterodyne method [1]. This system is assembled from commercially available components that were developed for the telecommunications industry. There are several advantages of this system over the traditional VISAR method that has made it increasingly popular. This system is compact, portable, and relatively inexpensive. The maximum velocity of this system is determined by the electrical bandwidth of the electronics and the digitizer sample rate. The maximum velocity for the system described here is over 5 km/s. C1 [Strand, Oliver T.; Whitworth, Tony L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Strand, OT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-281, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1143 EP 1146 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500270 ER PT S AU Ao, T Asay, JR Davis, JP Knudson, MD Hall, CA AF Ao, T. Asay, J. R. Davis, J. -P. Knudson, M. D. Hall, C. A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI High-pressure quasi-isentropic loading and unloading of interferometer windows on the veloce pulsed power generator SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ICE (isentropic compression experiments); strength : dynamic; LiF; pulsed power ID ELASTIC PRECURSOR DECAY; LIF AB The Isentropic Compression Experiment (ICE) technique has proven to be a valuable complement to the well-established method of shock compression of condensed matter. However, whereas the high-pressure compression response of interferometer window materials has been studied extensively under shock loading, similar knowledge of these materials under quasi-isentropic loading is limited. We present recent experimental results on the quasi-isentropic compression of the high-pressure window LiF on the Veloce pulsed power generator. While it is a frequently used window material in quasi-isentropic loading and unloading experiments, the unloading response of LiF is usually neglected. It will be shown how the strength of LiF may influence the wave profile analysis and thus the inferred compressive strength of the material being studied. C1 [Ao, T.; Asay, J. R.; Davis, J. -P.; Knudson, M. D.; Hall, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ao, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 6200 Eubank Blvd NE,Apt 1821, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1157 EP 1160 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500273 ER PT S AU Avtillaud, G Asay, JR Bavay, M Delchambre, M Guerre, J Bayol, F Cubaynes, F Kovalchuk, BM Mervini, JA Spielman, RB Hall, CA Hickman, RJ Ao, T Willis, MD Gupta, YM Bakeman, CJ AF Avtillaud, G. Asay, J. R. Bavay, M. Delchambre, M. Guerre, J. Bayol, F. Cubaynes, F. Kovalchuk, B. M. Mervini, J. A. Spielman, R. B. Hall, C. A. Hickman, R. J. Ao, T. Willis, M. D. Gupta, Y. M. Bakeman, C. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Veloce: A compact pulser for dynamic material characterization and hypervelocity impact of flyer plates SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE isentropic compression; pulser; flyer plates; hypervelocity; magnetic AB Sharing similarities with the GEPI pulser which is dedicated to Isentropic Compression Experiments (ICE), VELOCE, an even more compact electrical pulser, has been designed and built in duplicate for SNL and WSU. This type of machine complements gun and laser facilities in the study of material response. In order to achieve a broad loading capability and fast turn around, the design is built around a solid dielectric transmission line to couple current from low inductance capacitors and electrically triggered switches. Peaking capacitors enhanced by a low inductance, multi-channel sharpening switch reduce the quarter period of the pulser to about 470 ns (0-100%). Gas mixtures in the switch cavity and inductances in parallel allow modification of the shape of the induced pressure wave. At 80kV of charge voltage, the peak current can reach 3.5MA. Design of the pulser, range of pressures and velocities, as well as potential applications are presented. A consistent numerical tool developed for pulsers design based on a circuit code coupled to a 1D MHD code is also introduced. C1 [Avtillaud, G.; Delchambre, M.; Guerre, J.; Bayol, F.; Cubaynes, F.] ITHPP, Thegra, France. [Kovalchuk, B. M.] HCEI, Tomsk, Russia. [Bavay, M.; Mervini, J. A.; Spielman, R. B.] ITI Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Asay, J. R.; Hall, C. A.; Hickman, R. J.; Ao, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Asay, J. R.; Gupta, Y. M.; Bakeman, C. J.] WSU, ISP, Pullman, WA USA. [Willis, M. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Avtillaud, G (reprint author), ITHPP, Thegra, France. OI Bavay, Mathias/0000-0002-5039-1578 FU Sandia National Laboratories and Institute; Washington State University FX This work was sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories and Institute for Shock Physics at Washington State University. We would like to thank Dr Randy Hickman, Mr Mike Willis and Mr Tommy Ao at SNL and Mr Cory Bakeman at WSU for their invaluable help. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1161 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500274 ER PT S AU Baer, MR Hobbs, ML Hall, CA Hooks, DE Gustavsen, RL Dattelbaum, D Sheffield, SA AF Baer, M. R. Hobbs, M. L. Hall, C. A. Hooks, D. E. Gustavsen, R. L. Dattelbaum, D. Sheffield, S. A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Isentropic compression studies of energetic composite constituents SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE isentropic compression; Z accelerator; polymer binders; energetic composites; CTH modeling AB A series of quasi-isentropic magnetic pulse compression experiments using the Sandia Z accelerator and DICE small pulser have provided new insights to the material behavior of various constituents typically used in energetic composites. In this study, a combination of forward and backward procedures with optimization methods is used to determine appropriate constitutive and EOS property data. Sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the uncertainties of die experimental measurements and the subsequent influences in detemining material response. The data interrogation technique has been applied to a series of tests with ramp loading condition to 50 Kbar over duration of similar to 500 ns for panel configurations containing explosive crystals (HMX and RDX), binders (Estane, C7-Teflon, Kel-F and THV) and composites (PBS9501, PBX9502, and Al/Teflon). C1 [Baer, M. R.; Hobbs, M. L.; Hall, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, MS-836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hooks, D. E.; Gustavsen, R. L.; Dattelbaum, D.; Sheffield, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baer, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbaer@sandia.gov OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 FU US dept of Energy's NNSA [DEAC04-94AL85000]; DoD/DOE MOU JMP FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US dept of Energys NNSA under contract DEAC04-94AL85000 and funding for this work was supported by the DoD/DOE MOU JMP program. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1165 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500275 ER PT S AU Bastea, M Reisman, DB AF Bastea, Marina Reisman, D. B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ramp compression experiments - A sensitivity study SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE quasi-isentropic compression; ramp waves; equation of state (EOS) ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; WAVES; STRESS; SOLIDS; GAUGES AB We present the first sensitivity study of the material isentropes extracted from ramp compression experiments. We perform hydrodynamic simulations of representative experimental geometries associated with ramp compression experiments and discuss the major factors determining the accuracy of the equation of state information extracted from such data. C1 [Bastea, Marina; Reisman, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bastea, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-286, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1169 EP 1172 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500276 ER PT S AU Eggert, J Bastea, M Reisman, DB Rothman, S Davis, JP Knudson, MD Hayes, DB Gray, GT Erskine, D Collins, GW AF Eggert, J. Bastea, M. Reisman, D. B. Rothman, S. Davis, J. -P. Knudson, M. D. Hayes, D. B. Gray, G. T., III Erskine, D. Collins, G. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ramp wave stress-density measurements of TA and W SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ramp wave compression; equation of state; high pressure physics ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; TANTALUM; ALUMINUM; GPA AB Stress-density (sigma-rho) loading paths of both Ta and W under ramped compression were measured up to 300 GPa. For similar ramp loading conditions, sigma(p) for Ta lies close to the cold curve and significantly below the Hugomot, while sigma(rho) for W lies close to the Hugoniot and significantly above the cold curve. The elastic yield limit is reported for W and Ta with thicknesses 400 - 700 mu m. C1 [Eggert, J.; Bastea, M.; Reisman, D. B.; Erskine, D.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Rothman, S.] Atom Weapons Establishment, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Davis, J. -P.; Knudson, M. D.; Gray, G. T., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gray, G. T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eggert, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM eggert1@llnl.gov; bastea1@llnl.gov; mdknuds@sandia.gov; dennis@nmia.com; rusty@lanl.gov; collins7@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank Tim Uphaus for sample preparation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1177 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500278 ER PT S AU Hayes, DB AF Hayes, D. B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Analyzing ramp compression wave experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE isentropic compression; analysis techniques ID GPA AB Isentropic compression of a solid to 100's of GPa by a ramped, planar compression wave allows measurement of material properties at high strain and at modest temperature. Introduction of a measurement plane disturbs the flow, requiring special analysis techniques. If the measurement interface is windowed, the unsteady nature of the wave in the window requires special treatment. When the flow is hyperbolic the equations of motion can be integrated backward in space in the sample to a region undisturbed by the interface interactions, fully accounting for the untoward interactions. For more complex materials like hysteretic elastic/plastic solids or phase changing material, hybrid analysis techniques are required. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hayes, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500279 ER PT S AU Orlikowski, D Nguyen, JH Patterson, JR Minich, R Martin, LP Holmes, NC AF Orlikowski, Daniel Nguyen, Jeffrey H. Patterson, J. Reed Minich, Roger Martin, L. Peter Holmes, Neil C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI New experimental capabilities and theoretical insights of high pressure compression waves SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE isentropic compression; wave evolution; light-gas gun; Korteweg-de Vries; solitary waves; high pressure; thermodynamics; yield strength; phase transitions ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; SOLIDS; EQUATION; STRESS AB Currently there are three platforms that offer quasi-isentropic compression or ramp-wave compression (RWC): light-gas gun, magnetic flux (Z-pinch), and laser. We focus here on the light-gas gun technique and on some current theoretical insights from experimental data. An impedance gradient through the length of the impactor provides the pressure pulse upon impact to the subject material. Applications and results are given concerning high-pressure strength and the liquid-to-solid, phase transition of water giving its first associated phase fraction history. We also introduce the Korteweg-deVries-Burgers equation as a means to understand the evolution of these RWC waves as they propagate through the thickness of the subject material. This model equation has the necessary competition between non-linear, dispersion, and dissipation processes, which is shown through observed structures that are manifested in the experimental particle velocity histories. Such methodology points towards a possibility of quantifying dissipation, through which RWC experiments may be analyzed. C1 [Orlikowski, Daniel; Nguyen, Jeffrey H.; Patterson, J. Reed; Minich, Roger; Martin, L. Peter; Holmes, Neil C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Orlikowski, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1186 EP 1191 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500280 ER PT S AU Tasker, DG Goforth, JH Oona, H AF Tasker, D. G. Goforth, J. H. Oona, H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Isentropic compression studies with high explosive pulsed power SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ICE; isentropic compression; high explosive; tungsten; accuracy AB A study of the one-dimensional isentropic compression experiment (ICE), performed with High Explosive Pulsed Power (HEPP), has demonstrated that accurate, high stress, isentropic Equations of State (EOS) data may be obtained with this technique. The physics and accuracy of electromagnetic loading in the ICE technique are presented. It is shown that the HEPP-ICE load configuration is capable of producing magnetic stresses that are uniform to I part in 1000 over the central 87% of the sample faces, and that HEPP-ICE provides exact matching of the stresses between opposing samples. This magnetic uniformity, the exact matching, and the large sample sizes possible with HEPP-ICE, are necessary for the highest accuracy isentropic EOS data. The results for tungsten and copper demonstrate the inaccuracy of the technique, which may be as low as 0.2% in stress. C1 [Tasker, D. G.; Goforth, J. H.; Oona, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE-6,MS J566, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1200 EP 1203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500283 ER PT S AU Wise, JL Jones, SC Hall, CA Asay, JR Sanchez, DM AF Wise, J. L. Jones, S. C. Hall, C. A. Asay, J. R. Sanchez, D. M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic response of Kovar to shock and ramp-wave compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Kovar (R); shock compression; Hugoniot; HEL (Hugoniot Elastic Limit); yield strength; compressive strength; spallation; ICE (Isentropic Compression Experiment). AB Complementary gas-gun and electromagnetic pulse tests conducted in Sandia's Dynamic Integrated Compression Experimental (DICE) Facility have, respectively, probed the behavior of electronic- grade Kovarg (R)* samples under controlled impact and intermediate-strain-rate ICE (Isentropic Compression Experiment) loading. In all experiments, velocity interferometer (VISAR) diagnostics provided time-resolved measurements of sample response for conditions involving one-dimensional (i.e., uniaxial strain) compression and release. Wave-profile data from the gas-gun impact experiments have been analyzed to assess the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL), Hugoniot equation of state, spall strength, and high-pressure yield strength of shocked Kovar (R). The ICE wave-profile data have been interpreted to determine the locus of isentropic stress-strain states generated in Kovarg for deformation rates substantially lower than those associated with a shock process. The impact and ICE results have been compared to examine the influence of loading rate on high-pressure yield strength. C1 [Wise, J. L.; Jones, S. C.; Hall, C. A.; Asay, J. R.; Sanchez, D. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wise, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1204 EP 1207 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500284 ER PT S AU Higginbotham, A Albers, RC Germann, TC Holian, BL Kadau, K Lomdahl, PS Murphy, WJ Nagler, B Wark, JS AF Higginbotham, Andrew Albers, Robert C. Germann, Timothy C. Holian, Brad Lee Kadau, Kai Lomdahl, Peter S. Murphy, William J. Nagler, Bob Wark, Justin S. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Simulating EXAFS patterns of shocked crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE EXAFS; iron; phase transition; molecular dynamics ID PRESSURE; IRON AB Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements on shocked polycrystalline iron have provided further evidence for the shock induced alpha - epsilon phase transition in iron. However, recent molecular dynamics investigation of this system has suggested the presence of fcc material in the shocked region. In this paper we will investigate the difficulties in simulating EXAFS signals from molecular dynamics data. We will aim to show that in the case of the shock induced a - E transition EXAFS is insensitive to the type of close packing of the product phase. C1 [Higginbotham, Andrew; Murphy, William J.; Nagler, Bob; Wark, Justin S.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Albers, Robert C.; Germann, Timothy C.; Holian, Brad Lee; Kadau, Kai; Lomdahl, Peter S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Higginbotham, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM andrew.higginbotham@physics.ox.ac.uk; tcg@lanl.gov; kkadau@lanl.gov; william.murphy@physics.ox.ac.uk; Bob.Nagler@Physics.ox.ac.uk; justin.wark@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011; OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU LLNL [B566832]; EU Marie-Curie RTN 'FLASH'; U.S. DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRD program Project [06-SI-004]; AWE Aldermaston; NorthWest Science Fund; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors are grateful to a number of organizations for support. G.K is grateful for partial support for this work from LLNL under subcontract No. B566832. B.N is supported by the EU Marie-Curie RTN FLASH. J.H, D.K, H.L and B.R work under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. H.L. and J.H. also received partial support from LDRD program Project No. 06-SI-004 at LLNL. W.J.M. is grateful for support from AWE Aldermaston. A.H. has been generously supported by Daresbury Laboratory under the auspices of the NorthWest Science Fund. K.K. and T.G. work under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We also wish to thank P.S. Lomdahl and B.L. Holian for valuable discussions. Simulations were performed on the QUEEG and ORAC machines at the Oxford Supercomputing Centre. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1243 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500292 ER PT S AU Kimminau, G Nagler, B Higginbotham, A Murphy, W Wark, J Park, N Hawreliak, J Kalantar, D Lorenzana, H Remington, B AF Kimminau, Giles Nagler, Bob Higginbotham, Andrew Murphy, William Wark, Justin Park, Nigel Hawreliak, James Kalantar, Dan Lorenzana, Hector Remington, Bruce BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Simulating picosecond X-ray diffraction from crystals using FFT methods on MD output SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE fast Fourier transform; FTT; MD; diffraction AB Multi-million atom non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations give significant insight into the transient processes that occur under shock compression. Picosecond X-ray diffraction enables the probing of materials on a timescale fast enough to test such effects. In order to simulate diffraction patterns, Fourier methods are required to gain a picture of reciprocal lattice space. We present here results of fast Fourier transforms of atomic coordinates of shocked crystals simulated by MD, and comment on the computin- power required as a function of problem size. The relationship between reciprocal space and particular experimental geometries is discussed. C1 [Kimminau, Giles; Nagler, Bob; Higginbotham, Andrew; Murphy, William; Wark, Justin] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Park, Nigel] AWE, Aldermaston, England. [Hawreliak, James; Kalantar, Dan; Lorenzana, Hector; Remington, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kimminau, G (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM giles.kimminau@physics.ox.ac.uk; Bob.Nagler@Physics.ox.ac.uk; andrew.higginbotham@physics.ox.ac.uk; william.murphy@physics.ox.ac.uk; justin.wark@physics.ox.ac.uk; hawreliak1@llnl.gov RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011 FU LDRD [06-SI-004] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from a number of organisations. G.K. is grateful to LLNL, and W.M to AWE Aldermaston. A.H. has been generously supported by Daresbury Laboratory under the auspices of the NorthWest Science Fund. J.H, D.K, H.L and B.R work under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the UC LLNL under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. H.L. and J.H. also received partial support from LDRD program Project No. 06-SI-004 at LLNL.REFERENCES NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1251 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500294 ER PT S AU Tringe, JW Molitoris, JD Garza, RG Andreski, HG Batteux, JD Lauderbach, LM Vincent, ER Wong, BM AF Tringe, J. W. Molitoris, J. D. Garza, R. G. Andreski, H. G. Batteux, J. D. Lauderbach, L. M. Vincent, E. R. Wong, B. M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Detailed comparison of blast effects in air and vacuum SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE air blast; plate; vacuum; shock AB The role of air as an energy transfer medium was examined experimentally by subjecting identical large-area rectangular witness plates to short-range blast effects in air and vacuum (similar to 50 mtorr) at 25 degrees C. The expanding reactant front of 3 kg C4 charges was observed by fast camera to be cylindrically symmetric in both air and vacuum. The horizontal component of the reactant cloud velocity (perpendicular to the witness plates) was constant in both cases, with values of 3.0 and 5.9 km/s for air and vacuum, respectively. As a result of the blast, witness plates were plastically deformed into a shallow dish geometry, with local maxima 30 and 20 mm deep for air and vacuum, respectively. The average plate deflection from the air blast was I I mm, similar to 10% deeper than the average vacuum plate deflection. Shock pressure estimates were made with a simple impedance-matching model, and indicate peak values in the 30-50 MPa range are consistent with the reactant cloud density and velocity. However, more detailed analysis is necessary to better understand the time-dependent coupling of shock energy that plastically deforms the plates. C1 [Tringe, J. W.; Molitoris, J. D.; Garza, R. G.; Andreski, H. G.; Batteux, J. D.; Lauderbach, L. M.; Vincent, E. R.; Wong, B. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1305 EP 1308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500307 ER PT S AU Hawreliak, J Butterfield, M Davies, H El-Dasher, B Higginbotham, A Kalantar, D Kimminau, G McNaney, J Milathianaki, D Murphy, W Nagler, B Park, N Remington, B Thorton, L Whitcher, T Wark, J Lorenzana, H AF Hawreliak, James Butterfield, Martin Davies, Huw El-Dasher, Bassem Higginbotham, Andrew Kalantar, Daniel Kimminau, Giles McNaney, James Milathianaki, Despina Murphy, William Nagler, Bob Park, Nigel Remington, Bruce Thorton, Lee Whitcher, Thomas Wark, Justin Lorenzana, Hector BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI In-situ probing of lattice response in shock compressed materials using x-ray diffraction SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE x-ray diffraction; iron; experiment; shock compression ID LASER; PRESSURE; IRON; GENERATION AB Lattice level measurements of material response under extreme conditions are required to build a phenomenological understanding of the shock response of solids. We have successfully used laser produced plasma x-ray sources coincident with laser driven shock waves to make in-situ measurements of the lattice response during shock compression for both single crystal and polycrystalline materials. Using a detailed analysis of shocked single crystal iron which has undergone the alpha - epsilon phase transition we can constrain the transition mechanism to be consistent with a compression and shuffle of alternate lattice planes. C1 [Hawreliak, James; Butterfield, Martin; El-Dasher, Bassem; Kalantar, Daniel; McNaney, James; Remington, Bruce; Lorenzana, Hector] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Davies, Huw; Park, Nigel; Thorton, Lee] AWE, Aldermaston, England. [Higginbotham, Andrew; Kimminau, Giles; Murphy, William; Nagler, Bob; Whitcher, Thomas; Wark, Justin] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Milathianaki, Despina] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hawreliak, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 FU LDRD program [06-SI-004]; LLNL; U.S. DOE; UC LLNL; LANL [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was conducted under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by the UC LLNL and LANL under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. The work was supported by LDRD program Project No. 06-SI-004 at LLNL. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1327 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500312 ER PT S AU Paisley, DL Luo, SN Swift, AC Greenfield, S Loomis, E Johnson, R Peralta, P Koskelo, A Tonks, D AF Paisley, D. L. Luo, S. N. Swift, A. C. Greenfield, S. Loomis, E. Johnson, R. Peralta, P. Koskelo, A. Tonks, D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Experimental method for laser-driven flyer plates for 1-D shocks SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE laser flyer; confined ablation; tamped ablation; TRIDENT; flyer plate AB One-dimensional shocks can be generated by impacting flyer plates accelerated to terminal velocities by a confined laser-ablated plasma. Over the past few years, we have developed this capability with our facility-size laser, TRIDENT, capable of >= 500 Joules at multi-microsecond pulse lengths to accelerate 1-D flyer plates, 8-mm diameter by 0.1 -- 2 mm thick. Plates have been accelerated to terminal velocities of 100 to >= 500 m/s, with full recovery of the flyer and target for post mortem meta llo graphy. By properly tailoring the laser temporal and spatial profile, the expanding confined plasma accelerates the plate away from the transparent sapphire substrate, and decouples the laser parameters from shock pressure profile resulting from the plate impact on a target. Since the flyer plate is in free flight on impact with the target, minimal collateral damage occurs to either. The experimental method to launch these plates to terminal velocity, ancillary diagnostics, and representative experimental data is presented. C1 [Paisley, D. L.; Luo, S. N.; Swift, A. C.; Loomis, E.; Johnson, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Greenfield, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Peralta, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Koskelo, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, IAT I, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tonks, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X I SMMP, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU LANL [LDRD-DR-20060021]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX The authors thank J. Baas and R. Perea for flyer assembly, D. D. Byler, and Dr. K. J. McClellan, Dr. R. Dickerson for providing the samples, post shot analysis and valuable experimental discussions, and the TRIDENT staff for laser operation. This work was funded by LANL LDRD-DR-20060021 and performed for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC52-06NA25396 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1337 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500314 ER PT S AU Wark, J Higginbotham, A Kimminau, G Murphy, W Nagler, B Whitcher, T Hawreliak, J Kalantar, D Butterfield, M El-Dasher, B McNaney, J Milathianaki, D Lorenzana, H Remington, B Davies, H Thornton, L Park, N Lukezic, S AF Wark, Justin Higginbotham, Andrew Kimminau, Giles Murphy, William Nagler, Bob Whitcher, Thomas Hawreliak, James Kalantar, Dan Butterfield, Martin El-Dasher, Bassem McNaney, James Milathianaki, Despina Lorenzana, Hector Remington, Bruce Davies, Huw Thornton, Lee Park, Nigel Lukezic, Stan BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A geometry for sub-nanosecond X-ray diffraction from laser-shocked polycrystalline foils SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE X-ray diffraction AB In situ picosecond X-ray diffraction has proved to be a useful too] in furthering our understanding of the response of shocked crystals at the lattice level. To date the vast majority of this work has used single crystals as the shocked samples, owing to their diffraction efficiency, although the study of the response of polycrystalline samples is clearly of interest for many applications. We present here the results of experiments to develop sub-nanosecond powder/polycrystalline diffraction using a cylindrical pinhole camera. By allowing the incident X-ray beam to impinge on the sample at non-normal angles, the response of grains making a variety of angles to the shock propagation direction can potentially be interrogated. C1 [Wark, Justin; Higginbotham, Andrew; Kimminau, Giles; Murphy, William; Nagler, Bob; Whitcher, Thomas] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Hawreliak, James; Kalantar, Dan; Butterfield, Martin; El-Dasher, Bassem; McNaney, James; Milathianaki, Despina; Lorenzana, Hector; Remington, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Davies, Huw; Thornton, Lee; Park, Nigel] AWE, Aldermaston, England. [Lukezic, Stan] 2465 Pyramid St, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wark, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1345 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500316 ER PT S AU Brown, JL Vogler, TJ Grady, DE Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Thornhill, TF AF Brown, J. L. Vogler, T. J. Grady, D. E. Reinhart, W. D. Chhabildas, L. C. Thornhill, T. F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic compaction of sand SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock waves; granular materials; dynamic compaction; CTH AB The dynamic compaction of sand was investigated experimentally and computationally to stresses of 1.8 GPa. Experiments were performed in the partial compaction regime at impact velocities from 0.25 to 0.75 km/s. Multiple velocity interferometry probes were used on the rear surface of a stepped target to obtain an accurate measurement of shock velocity, and impedance matching was used to deduce the shock Hugoniot state. Wave profiles were further examined for estimates of reshock states, and a relationship between stress and rise time of the shock was deduced. Experimental results were used to fit parameters for the P-a and P-X models for porous materials in CTH. C1 [Brown, J. L.; Vogler, T. J.; Reinhart, W. D.; Chhabildas, L. C.; Thornhill, T. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Grady, D. E.] Appl Res Assoc, Southwest Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1363 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500320 ER PT S AU Liu, BT Lomov, IN Blank, JG Antoun, TH AF Liu, B. T. Lomov, I. N. Blank, J. G. Antoun, T. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Simulation of comet impact and survivability of organic compounds SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE comet impact; shock heating; 3D modeling ID CHEMISTRY AB Comets have long been proposed as a potential means for the transport of complex organic compounds to early Earth. For this to be a viable mechanism, a significant fraction of organic compounds must survive the high temperatures due to impact. We have undertaken three-dimensional numerical simulations to track the thermodynamic state of a comet during oblique impacts. The comet was modeled as a 1-km water-ice sphere impacting a basalt plane at 11.2 km/s; impact angles of 15 degrees (from horizontal), 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 65 degrees, and 90 degrees (normal impact) were examined. The survival of organic cometary material, modeled as water ice for simplicity, was calculated using three criteria: (1) peak temperatures, (2) the thermodynamic phase of H2O, and (3) final temperature upon isentropic unloading. For impact angles greater than or equal to 30 degrees, no organic material is expected to survive the impact. For the 15 degrees impact, most of the material survives the initial impact and significant fractions (55%, 25%, and 44%, respectively) satisfy each survival criterion at I second. Heating due to deceleration, in addition to shock heating, plays a role in the heating of the cometary material for non-normal impacts. This effect is more noticeable for more oblique impacts, resulting in significant deviations from estimates using scaling of normal impacts. The deceleration heating of the material at late times requires further modeling of breakup and mixing. C1 [Liu, B. T.; Lomov, I. N.; Antoun, T. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Blank, J. G.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Liu, BT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1391 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500327 ER PT S AU Moran, B AF Moran, B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Verification test problems SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE convergent geometry; spherical implosion; compressible fluid; code verification ID GAS AB We present analytic solutions to two test problems that can be used to check the hydrodynamic implementation in computer codes designed to calculate the propagation of shocks in spherically convergent geometry. Our analysis is restricted to fluid materials with constant bulk modulus. In the first problem we present the exact initial acceleration and pressure gradient at the outer surface of a sphere subjected to an exponentially decaying pressure of the form P(t) = P(0)e(-infinity). We show that finely-zoned hydro-code simulations are in good agreement with our analytic solution. In the second problem we discuss the implosions of incompressible spherical fluid shells and we present the radial pressure profile across the shell thickness. We also discuss a semi-analytic solution to the time-evolution of a nearly spherical shell with arbitrary but small initial 3-dimensional (3-D) perturbations on its inner and outer surfaces. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moran, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1399 EP 1402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500329 ER PT S AU Reinhart, WD Vogler, TJ Chhabildas, LC AF Reinhart, W. D. Vogler, T. J. Chhabildas, L. C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Strength measurements on dry Indiana limestone using ramp loading techniques SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE limestone; ramp loading; isentropic compression; strength; fused silica; strain-rate ID SHOCK-WAVE; STRESS; ROCK AB An accurate method for controlling strain rates in dynamic compressions studies involves using the non-linear elastic property of fused silica to transform an initial shock into a ramp wave of known amplitude and duration. Fused silica when placed between a dry Indiana limestone specimen and a projectile produces strain rates in the range Of 10(4)/s. Ramp-loading strain rates are higher than what can be produced on Hopkinson bars and lower than what shock experiments attain. The strength determined at the elastic limit under ramp loading compared to Hopkinson bar measurements shows a significant strength increase with increasing strain rate. C1 [Reinhart, W. D.; Vogler, T. J.; Chhabildas, L. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 1409 EP 1412 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500331 ER PT J AU Rong, LB Feng, ZL Perelson, AS AF Rong, Libin Feng, Zhilan Perelson, Alan S. TI Mathematical analysis of age-structured HIV-1 dynamics with combination antiretroviral therapy SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE human immunodefciency virus type 1; antiretroviral therapy; drug resistance; optimal viral fitness; age-structured model; stability analysis ID CELL LIFE-SPAN; INTRACELLULAR DELAY; IN-VIVO; DRUG-RESISTANCE; INFECTED PATIENTS; VIRAL DYNAMICS; CLEARANCE RATE; T-CELLS; MODEL; DECAY AB Various classes of antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection, and they target different stages of the viral life cycle. Age-structured models can be employed to study the impact of these drugs on viral dynamics. We consider two models with age-of-infection and combination therapies involving reverse transcriptase, protease, and entry/fusion inhibitors. The reproductive number R is obtained, and a detailed stability analysis is provided for each model. Interestingly, we find in the age-structured model a different functional dependence of R on is an element of(RT), the efficacy of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, than that found previously in nonage-structured models, which has significant implications in predicting the effects of drug therapy. The influence of drug therapy on the within-host viral fitness and the possible development of drug-resistant strains are also discussed. Numerical simulations are performed to study the dynamical behavior of solutions of the models, and the effects of different combinations of antiretroviral drugs on viral dynamics are compared. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rong, LB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rong@math.purdue.edu; zfeng@math.purdue.edu; asp@lanl.gov NR 55 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3 BP 731 EP 756 DI 10.1137/060663945 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 165IW UT WOS:000246299200007 ER PT J AU Goldstein, B Levine, H Torney, D AF Goldstein, Byron Levine, Harold Torney, David TI Diffusion limited reactions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE beltrami; Bessel function; cell membrane; cell signalling; chemical reaction; diffusion controlled; elliptic; equilibrium; integral equation; kinetics; ODE; PDE; rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell; rhodopsin; Smoluchowski; surface reaction; transducin; virial expansion ID RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; KINETICS; MOTION; RATES; CELLS AB Changes to the relative separation of molecules or other interacting species on account of diffusion accompany their associative or dissociative reaction. The molecules are symbolized, for two distinct types, A, B, by the relations A+B AB, and, if [A], [B], and [AB] denote the corresponding densities, the equation d/dt [AB] = kappa(+)[A][B] specifies an associative process with forward rate constant kappa(+). An approximate version of the preceding takes the form of a linear differential equation, which can be employed to obtain significant estimates for both kappa(+) and the flux function d[AB]/dt. Such estimates are presented in different circumstances, including the localization of A, B on a common planar surface or their distribution in space, and also when the domain of A is a half space whereas that of B is a bounding planar surface. It proves advantageous to reformulate the last, a mixed boundary value problem, in terms of a linear integral equation. Biological applications are discussed, including the mechanism for the observed phosphorylation of proteins in resting cells and the incipience of phototransduction in rod photoreceptors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Mailstop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bxg@lanl.gov; Hmathx@aol.com; dtorney@valornet.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1147 EP 1165 DI 10.1137/060655018 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 184MY UT WOS:000247647000010 ER PT J AU Fata, SN Guzina, BB AF Fata, S. Nintcheu Guzina, B. B. TI Elastic scatterer reconstruction via the adjoint sampling method SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE inverse scattering; elastic waves; near-field waveforms; linear sampling ID INVERSE SCATTERING; ELASTOGRAPHY AB An inverse problem dealing with the reconstruction of voids in a uniform semi-infinite solid from near-field elastodynamic waveforms is investigated via the linear sampling method. To cater to active imaging applications that are characterized by a limited density of illuminating sources, existing formulation of the linear sampling method is advanced in terms of its adjoint statement that features integration over the receiver surface rather than its source counterpart. To deal with an ill-posedness of the integral equation that is used to reconstruct the obstacle, the problem is solved by alternative means of Tikhonov regularization and a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Through a set of numerical examples, it is shown (i) that the adjoint statement elevates the performance of the linear sampling method when dealing with scarce illuminating sources, and (ii) that a combined use of the existing formulation together with its adjoint counterpart represents an effective tool for exposing an undersampling of the experimental input, e. g., in terms of the density of source points used to illuminate the obstacle. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guzina, BB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM nintcheufats@ornl.gov; guzina@wave.ce.umn.edu RI Guzina, Bojan/I-3572-2016 OI Guzina, Bojan/0000-0002-2444-463X NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2007 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1330 EP 1352 DI 10.1137/060653123 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 213TR UT WOS:000249690500006 ER PT J AU Pittel, B Shepp, L Veklerov, E AF Pittel, B. Shepp, L. Veklerov, E. TI On the number of fixed pairs in a random instance of the stable marriage problem SO SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE stable matching; proposal algorithm; random instance; likely behavior; asymptotics AB Consider a group of n men and n women, each ranking the members of the opposite sex as a potential marriage partner. A matching (marriage) of men and women is called stable if there is no pair (man, woman) who are not matched but prefer each other to their partners in the matching. It is known that, for every instance of the rankings, there is at least one stable matching and that there are instances with exponentially many stable matchings. Assume that the instance is chosen uniformly at random among all (n!)(2n) possibilities. In this case the likely number of stable matchings is known to be n(1/2-o(1)), with high probability, and of order n 1n n, with probability 0.84 at least. In this paper we show that the average number of fixed pairs (man, woman), i. e., pairs common to all stable matchings, is asymptotic to 1n(2) n. More generally, the average number of women (men) with k stable husbands (wives) is asymptotic to (1n(k+1) n)/(k-1)!. C1 [Pittel, B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Math, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shepp, L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Veklerov, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pittel, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Math, 231 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bgp@math.ohio-state.edu; shepp@stat.rutgers.edu; eveklerov@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4801 J9 SIAM J DISCRETE MATH JI SIAM Discret. Math. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 947 EP 958 DI 10.1137/070696155 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 260NF UT WOS:000253016300008 ER PT J AU Amestoy, PR Li, XS Ng, EG AF Amestoy, Patrick R. Li, Xiaoye S. Ng, Esmond G. TI Diagonal Markowitz scheme with local symmetrization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sparse nonsymmetric matrices; linear equations; ordering methods ID PERMUTING LARGE ENTRIES; SPARSE-MATRIX; ELIMINATION; FACTORIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB We describe a fill-reducing ordering algorithm for sparse, nonsymmetric LU factorizations, where the pivots are restricted to the diagonal and are selected greedily. The ordering algorithm uses only the structural information. Most of the existing methods are based on some type of symmetrization of the original matrix. Our algorithm exploits the nonsymmetric structure of the given matrix as much as possible. The new algorithm is thus more complex than classical symmetric orderings, but we show that our algorithm can be implemented in space bounded by the number of nonzero entries in the original matrix, and has the same time complexity as the analogous algorithms for symmetric matrices. We provide numerical experiments to demonstrate the ordering quality and the runtime of the new ordering algorithm. C1 ENSEEIHT IRIT, F-31071 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amestoy, PR (reprint author), ENSEEIHT IRIT, 2 Rue Carmichel, F-31071 Toulouse, France. EM amestoy@enseeiht.fr; xsli@lbl.gov; egng@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 228 EP 244 DI 10.1137/050637315 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 147VU UT WOS:000245031700014 ER PT J AU Amestoy, PR Li, XYS Pralet, S AF Amestoy, Patrick R. Li, Xiaoye S. Pralet, Stephane TI Unsymmetric ordering using a constrained Markowitz scheme SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE sparse unsymmetric matrices; greedy heuristics; ordering methods; bipartite quotient graph ID MINIMUM-DEGREE ALGORITHM; PATTERN MULTIFRONTAL METHOD; PERMUTING LARGE ENTRIES; LINEAR-EQUATIONS; LU FACTORIZATION; SPARSE-MATRIX; SYSTEMS; ELIMINATION; STRATEGIES; GRAPHS AB We present a family of ordering algorithms that can be used as a preprocessing step prior to performing sparse LU factorization. The ordering algorithms simultaneously achieve the objectives of selecting numerically good pivots and preserving the sparsity. We describe the algorithmic properties and challenges in their implementation. By mixing the two objectives we show that we can reduce the amount of fill-in in the factors and reduce the number of numerical problems during factorization. On a set of large unsymmetric real problems, we obtained the median reductions of 12% in the factorization time, of 13% in the size of the LU factors, of 20% in the number of operations performed during the factorization phase, and of 11% in the memory needed by the multifrontal solver MA41_UNS. A byproduct of this ordering strategy is an incomplete LU-factored matrix that can be used as a preconditioner in an iterative solver. C1 ENSEEIHT IRIT, F-31071 Toulouse 7, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amestoy, PR (reprint author), ENSEEIHT IRIT, 2 Rue Camichel,BP 7122, F-31071 Toulouse 7, France. EM Patrick.Amestoy@enseeiht.fr; xsli@lbl.gov; Stephane.Pralet@enseeiht.fr NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 302 EP 327 DI 10.1137/050622547 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 147VU UT WOS:000245031700018 ER PT J AU Boman, EG Guattery, S Hendrickson, B AF Boman, Erik G. Guattery, Stephen Hendrickson, Bruce TI Optimal embeddings and eigenvalues in support theory SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Laplacian eigenvalues; generalized eigenvalues; support theory ID LAPLACIAN AB Support theory is a methodology for bounding eigenvalues and generalized eigenvalues of matrices and matrix pencils; such bounds have been stated both in algebraic terms and in combinatorial terms based on embeddings of the underlying graphs of the matrices. In this paper, we present a theorem that demonstrates the connection between these various bounding techniques and also suggest a possible approach to generating approximate inverses for preconditioning. The theorem shows, given matrices A = UDAU* and B = VDBV * ( where D-A and D-B are invertible Hermitian matrices, and U and V are not necessarily square), that it is possible to de. ne a matrix W such that W* D-B(-1) WDA has the same nonzero eigenvalues counting multiplicity as B+ A. In the special case that U is the orthogonal projector onto the range space of B and D-A = I (and hence that A = UU* = U-2 = U), then W* D-B(-1) W = B+. This suggests that finding an approximation to W might lead to an approximate inverse that can be used in preconditioning. We also describe how this theorem generalizes the idea of graph embeddings in an algebraic sense. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boman, EG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM egboman@sandia.gov; guattery@bucknell.edu; bahendr@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1137/050642174 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 184ND UT WOS:000247647600014 ER PT J AU Taylor, MA Wingate, BA Bos, LP AF Taylor, Mark A. Wingate, Beth A. Bos, Len P. TI A cardinal function algorithm for computing multivariate quadrature points SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multivariate integration; quadrature; cubature; Fekete points; spectral methods; triangle; polynomial approximation ID MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION; DYNAMICAL CORE; TRIANGLE; COMPILATION; STROUD; SETS AB We present a new algorithm for numerically computing quadrature formulas for arbitrary domains which exactly integrate a given polynomial space. An effective method for constructing quadrature formulas has been to numerically solve a nonlinear set of equations for the quadrature points and their associated weights. Symmetry conditions are often used to reduce the number of equations and unknowns. Our algorithm instead relies on the construction of cardinal functions and thus requires that the number of quadrature points N be equal to the dimension of a prescribed lower dimensional polynomial space. The cardinal functions allow us to treat the quadrature weights as dependent variables and remove them, as well as an equivalent number of equations, from the numerical optimization procedure. We give results for the triangle, where for all degrees d <= 25, we find quadrature formulas of this form which have positive weights and contain no points outside the triangle. Seven of these quadrature formulas improve on previously known results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Math, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Taylor, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0318, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mataylo@sandia.gov; wingate@lanl.gov; lpbos@math.ucalgary.ca NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1137/050625801 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 142EG UT WOS:000244631600009 ER PT J AU Nilsson, S Petersson, NA Sjogreen, B Kreiss, HO AF Nilsson, Stefan Petersson, N. Anders Sjoegreen, Bjoern Kreiss, Heinz-Otto TI Stable difference approximations for the elastic wave equation in second order formulation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE elastic wave equation; finite differences; stability; energy estimate; seismic wave propagation ID EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; SINGULAR SOURCE TERMS; QUARTER PLANE; PROPAGATION; STABILITY; SURFACE AB We consider the three-dimensional elastic wave equation for an isotropic heterogeneous material subject to a stress-free boundary condition. Building on our recently developed theory for difference methods for second order hyperbolic systems [H.-O. Kreiss, N. A. Petersson, J. Ystrom, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 40 (2002), pp. 1940-1967], we develop an explicit, second order accurate technique which is stable for all ratios of longitudinal over transverse phase velocities. The spatial discretization is self-adjoint, and the stability is obtained through an energy estimate. Seismic events are often modeled using singular source terms, and we devise a technique to place sources independently of the grid while retaining second order accuracy away from the source. Several numerical examples are given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Trasko Storo Inst Math, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nilsson, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nilsson2@llnl.gov; andersp@llnl.gov; sjogreen2@llnl.gov; hokreiss@nada.kth.se NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1902 EP 1936 DI 10.1137/060663520 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 234OY UT WOS:000251174600005 ER PT J AU Forsgren, A Gill, PE Griffin, JD AF Forsgren, Anders Gill, Philip E. Griffin, Joshua D. TI Iterative solution of augmented systems arising in interior methods SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE large-scale nonlinear programming; nonconvex optimization; interior methods; augmented systems; KKT systems; iterative methods; conjugate-gradient method; constraint preconditioning ID INDEFINITE SYSTEMS; POINT METHODS; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; NEWTON METHODS; ALGORITHM; PRECONDITIONERS; EQUATIONS AB Iterative methods are proposed for certain augmented systems of linear equations that arise in interior methods for general nonlinear optimization. Interior methods de. ne a sequence of KKT equations that represent the symmetrized ( but indefinite) equations associated with Newton's method for a point satisfying the perturbed optimality conditions. These equations involve both the primal and dual variables and become increasingly ill- conditioned as the optimization proceeds. In this context, an iterative linear solver must not only handle the ill- conditioning but also detect the occurrence of KKT matrices with the wrong matrix inertia. A one- parameter family of equivalent linear equations is formulated that includes the KKT system as a special case. The discussion focuses on a particular system from this family, known as the " doubly augmented system," that is positive definite with respect to both the primal and dual variables. This property means that a standard preconditioned conjugate- gradient method involving both primal and dual variables will either terminate successfully or detect if the KKT matrix has the wrong inertia. Constraint preconditioning is a well- known technique for preconditioning the conjugate- gradient method on augmented systems. A family of constraint preconditioners is proposed that provably eliminates the inherent ill- conditioning in the augmented system. A considerable benefit of combining constraint preconditioning with the doubly augmented system is that the preconditioner need not be applied exactly. Two particular " active- set" constraint preconditioners are formulated that involve only a subset of the rows of the augmented system and thereby may be applied with considerably less work. Finally, some numerical experiments illustrate the numerical performance of the proposed preconditioners and highlight some theoretical properties of the preconditioned matrices. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Math, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Math, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Forsgren, A (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Math, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM andersf@kth.se; pgill@ucsd.edu; jgriffi@sandia.gov NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 666 EP 690 DI 10.1137/060650210 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218GZ UT WOS:000250005300014 ER PT J AU Bader, BW Kolda, TG AF Bader, Brett W. Kolda, Tamara G. TI Efficient MATLAB computations with sparse and factored tensors SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse multidimensional arrays; multilinear algebraic computations; tensor decompositions; Tucker model; parallel factors (PARAFAC) model; MATLAB classes; canonical decomposition (CANDECOMP) ID PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; LEAST-SQUARES ALGORITHMS; HIGH-ORDER TENSORS; ARRAY OPERATIONS; 3-MODE DATA; CORE; MATRICES; MODEL; RANK; DECOMPOSITIONS AB In this paper, the term tensor refers simply to a multidimensional or N-way array, and we consider how specially structured tensors allow for efficient storage and computation first, we study sparse tensors, which have the property that the vast majority of the elements are zero. We propose storing sparse tensors using coordinate format and describe the computational efficiency of this scheme for various mathematical operations, including those typical to tensor decomposition algorithms. Second, we study factored tensors, which have the property that they can be assembled from more basic components. We consider two specific types: A Tucker tensor can be expressed as the product of a core tensor (which itself may be dense, sparse, or factored) and a matrix along each mode, and a Kruskal tensor can be expressed as the sum of rank-1 tensors. We are interested in the case where the storage of the components is less than the storage of the full tensor, and we demonstrate that many elementary operations can be computed using only the components. All of the efficiencies described in this paper are implemented in the Tensor Toolbox for MATLAB. C1 [Bader, Brett W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Computat Methods Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kolda, Tamara G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Math Informat & Decis Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bader, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Computat Methods Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbader@sandia.gov; tgkolda@sandia.gov RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 57 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 14 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 205 EP 231 DI 10.1137/060676489 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 271UW UT WOS:000253815200012 ER PT J AU Elman, H Howle, VE Shadid, J Silvester, D Tuminaro, R AF Elman, Howard Howle, Victoria E. Shadid, John Silvester, David Tuminaro, Ray TI Least squares preconditioners for stabilized discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE preconditioning; Navier-Stokes; iterative algorithms ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; MATRIX; BOUNDS AB This paper introduces two stabilization schemes for the least squares commutator (LSC) preconditioner developed by Elman, Howle, Shadid, Shuttleworth, and Tuminaro [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 27 (2006), pp. 1651-1668] for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. This preconditioning methodology is one of several choices that are effective for Navier-Stokes equations, and it has the advantage of being de fined from strictly algebraic considerations. It has previously been limited in its applicability to div-stable discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations. This paper shows how to extend the same methodology to stabilized low-order mixed finite element approximation methods. C1 [Elman, Howard] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elman, Howard] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Howle, Victoria E.; Tuminaro, Ray] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shadid, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Silvester, David] Univ Manchester, Dept Math, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Elman, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM elman@cs.umd.edu; vehowle@sandia.gov; jnshadi@cs.sandia.gov; d.silvester@manchester.ac.uk; rstumin@sandia.gov RI Silvester, David/A-2149-2009; Elman, Howard/F-6517-2011 OI Silvester, David/0000-0002-0652-5444; Elman, Howard/0000-0002-8886-9901 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 290 EP 311 DI 10.1137/060655742 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 271UW UT WOS:000253815200016 ER PT J AU Vassilevski, PS AF Vassilevski, Panayot S. TI Copper Mountain special issue on iterative methods SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vassilevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP IX EP x PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HD UT WOS:000250005700001 ER PT J AU Ray, J Kennedy, CA Lefantzi, S Najm, HN AF Ray, Jaideep Kennedy, Christopher A. Lefantzi, Sophia Najm, Habib N. TI Using high-order methods on adaptively refined block-structured meshes: Derivatives, interpolations, and filters SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high order; AMR; SAMR; derivative; interpolation; filter ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-METHOD; COMPACT SCHEMES; SUMMATION; PARTS; PROJECTIONS; STABILITY; OPERATORS AB Block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is used for efficient resolution of partial differential equations (PDEs) solved on large computational domains by clustering mesh points only where required by large gradients. Previous work has indicated that fourth-order convergence can be achieved on such meshes by using a suitable combination of high-order derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils and can deliver significant computational savings over conventional second-order methods at engineering error tolerances. In this paper, we explore the interactions between the errors introduced by the discretized operators for derivatives, interpolations, and filters. We develop general expressions for high-order derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils applicable in multiple dimensions, using a Fourier approach, to facilitate high-order block-structured AMR implementations. These stencils are derived under the assumption that the fields that they are applied to are smooth. For a given derivative stencil (and thus a given order of accuracy), the necessary interpolation order is found to be dependent on the highest spatial derivative in the PDE being solved. This is demonstrated empirically, using one- and two-dimensional model equations, by observing the increase in delivered accuracy as the order of accuracy of the interpolation stencil is increased. We also examine the empirically observed order of convergence, as the effective resolution of the mesh is increased by successively adding levels of refinement, with different orders of derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils. The procedure devised here is modular and its various pieces, i.e., the derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils, can be extended independently to higher orders and dimensions ( in the case of interpolation stencils). The application of these methods often requires nontrivial logic, especially near domain boundaries; this logic, along with the stencils used in this study, are available as a freely downloadable software library. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9159,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jairay@somnet.sandia.gov; cakenne@speakeasy.net; lefantzi@comcast.net; hnnajm@ca.sandia.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 139 EP 181 DI 10.1137/050647256 PG 43 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 147VW UT WOS:000245031900007 ER PT J AU Le Maitre, OP Najm, HN Pebay, PP Ghanem, RG Knio, OM AF Le Maitre, O. P. Najm, H. N. Pebay, P. P. Ghanem, R. G. Knio, O. M. TI Multi-resolution-analysis scheme for uncertainty quantification in chemical systems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; PROPAGATION; FLOW; PROJECTION; BASES AB This paper presents a multi-resolution approach for the propagation of parametric uncertainty in chemical systems. It is motivated by previous studies where Galerkin formulations of Wiener-Hermite expansions were found to fail in the presence of steep dependences of the species concentrations with regard to the reaction rates. The multi-resolution scheme is based on representation of the uncertain concentration in terms of compact polynomial multi-wavelets, allowing for the control of the convergence in terms of polynomial order and resolution level. The resulting representation is shown to greatly improve the robustness of the Galerkin procedure in presence of steep dependences. However, this improvement comes with a higher computational cost which drastically increases with the number of uncertain reaction rates. To overcome this drawback an adaptive strategy is proposed to control locally ( in the parameter space) and in time the resolution level. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated for an uncertain chemical system having eight random parameters. C1 Univ Evry, CNRS, LMEE & LIMSI, F-91020 Evry, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Le Maitre, OP (reprint author), Univ Evry, CNRS, LMEE & LIMSI, F-91020 Evry, France. EM olm@iup.univ-evry.fr; hnnajm@ca.sandia.gov; pppebay@ca.sandia.gov; ghanem@usc.edu; knio@jhu.edu RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008; Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011; OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X; Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787; Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 864 EP 889 DI 10.1137/050643118 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 165HN UT WOS:000246295100019 ER PT J AU Prudencio, EE Cai, XC AF Prudencio, Ernesto E. Cai, Xiao-Chuan TI Parallel multilevel restricted schwarz preconditioners with pollution removing for pde-constrained optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE schwarz preconditioners; domain decomposition; multilevel methods; parallel computing; PDE-constrained optimization; inexact newton; flow control ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHMS; SADDLE-POINT PROBLEMS; KRYLOV-SCHUR METHODS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; OVERLAP; SOLVER AB We develop a class of V-cycle-type multilevel restricted additive Schwarz (RAS) methods and study the numerical and parallel performance of the new fully coupled methods for solving large sparse Jacobian systems arising from the discretization of some optimization problems constrained by nonlinear partial differential equations. Straightforward extensions of the one-level RAS to multilevel do not work due to the pollution effects of the coarse interpolation. We then introduce, in this paper, a pollution removing coarse-to-fine interpolation scheme for one of the components of the multicomponent linear system and show numerically that the combination of the new interpolation scheme with the RAS smoothed multigrid method provides an effective family of techniques for solving rather difficult PDE-constrained optimization problems. Numerical examples involving the boundary control of incompressible Navier - Stokes flows are presented in detail. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Adv Computat Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Prudencio, EE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Adv Computat Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM prudenci@slac.stanford.edu; cai@cs.colorado.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 964 EP 985 DI 10.1137/050635663 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 184MW UT WOS:000247646800003 ER PT J AU Grigori, L Demmel, JW Li, XS AF Grigori, Laura Demmel, James W. Li, Xiaoye S. TI Parallel symbolic factorization for sparse lu with static pivoting SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse LU factorization; parallel symbolic factorization; memory scalability ID CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION; ALGORITHMS; MATRIX; ELIMINATION AB This paper presents the design and implementation of a memory scalable parallel symbolic factorization algorithm for general sparse unsymmetric matrices. Our parallel algorithm uses a graph partitioning approach, applied to the graph of vertical bar A vertical bar +vertical bar A vertical bar(T), to partition the matrix in such a way that is good for sparsity preservation as well as for parallel factorization. The partitioning yields a so-called separator tree which represents the dependencies among the computations. We use the separator tree to distribute the input matrix over the processors using a block cyclic approach and a subtree to subprocessor mapping. The parallel algorithm performs a bottom-up traversal of the separator tree. With a combination of right-looking and left-looking partial factorizations, the algorithm obtains one column structure of L and one row structure of U at each step. The algorithm is implemented in C and MPI. From a performance study on large matrices, we show that the parallel algorithm significantly reduces the memory requirement of the symbolic factorization step, as well as the overall memory requirement of the parallel solver. It also often reduces the runtime of the sequential algorithm, which is already relatively small. In general, the parallel algorithm prevents the symbolic factorization step from being a time or memory bottleneck of the parallel solver. C1 INRIA Futurs, F-91893 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grigori, L (reprint author), INRIA Futurs, Parc Club Orsay Uriv,4 Rue Jacques Monod,Bat G, F-91893 Orsay, France. EM Laura.Grigori@inria.fr; demmel@cs.berkeley.edu; XSLi@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1289 EP 1314 DI 10.1137/050638102 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 184MW UT WOS:000247646800016 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M Layton, WJ AF Anitescu, Mihai Layton, William J. TI Sensitivities in large eddy simulation and improved estimates of turbulent flow functionals SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE large eddy simulations; sensitivity; turbulence AB We consider a prototypical problem: simulate velocity and pressure in a turbulent flow using large eddy simulation (LES) and then use the results to estimate the force that the underlying turbulent flow exerts on an immersed body. For eddy viscosity-type LES models we develop the appropriate continuous sensitivity equation and show how it can improve the functional estimate by using the sensitivity with respect to the user-selected length scale to incorporate the effects of the underlying unresolved small-scale fluctuations on the functionals sought. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@math.pitt.edu; wjl@pitt.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1650 EP 1667 DI 10.1137/050631161 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HC UT WOS:000250005600016 ER PT J AU Tu, XM AF Tu, Xuemin TI Three-level BDDC in three dimensions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE BDDC; three-level; three dimensions; domain decomposition; coarse problem; condition number; Chebyshev iteration ID BALANCING DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; FETI-DP; PRECONDITIONER; CONSTRAINTS; ALGORITHMS; ELEMENTS AB Balancing domain decomposition by constraints (BDDC) methods are nonoverlapping iterative substructuring domain decomposition methods for the solution of large sparse linear algebraic systems arising from the discretization of elliptic boundary value problems. Their coarse problems are given in terms of a small number of continuity constraints for each subdomain, which are enforced across the interface. The coarse problem matrix is generated and factored by a direct solver at the beginning of the computation and it can ultimately become a bottleneck if the number of subdomains is very large. In this paper, two three-level BDDC methods are introduced for solving the coarse problem approximately for problems in three dimensions. This is an extension of previous work for the two-dimensional case. Edge constraints are considered in this work since vertex constraints alone, which work well in two dimensions, result in a noncompetitive algorithm in three dimensions. Some new technical tools are then needed in the analysis and this makes the three-dimensional case more complicated. Estimates of the condition numbers are provided for two three-level BDDC methods, and numerical experiments are also discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tu, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xuemin@math.berkeley.edu RI Tu, Xuemin/D-9928-2011 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1780 DI 10.1137/050629902 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HC UT WOS:000250005600021 ER PT J AU Yang, C Meza, JC Wang, LW AF Yang, Chao Meza, Juan C. Wang, Lin-Wang TI A trust region direct constrained minimization algorithm for the Kohn-Sham equation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Copper Mt, CO SP Front Range Sci Computat Inc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Univ Maryland DE nonlinear eigenvalue problem; Kohn-Sham total energy; constrained optimization; trust region ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HARTREE-FOCK; OPTIMIZATION; ITERATION AB The self-consistent field (SCF) iteration, widely used for computing the ground state energy and the corresponding single particle wave functions associated with a many-electron atomistic system, is viewed in this paper as an optimization procedure that minimizes the Kohn-Sham (KS) total energy indirectly by minimizing a sequence of quadratic surrogate functions. We point out the similarity and difference between the total energy and the surrogate, and show how the SCF iteration can fail when the minimizer of the surrogate produces an increase in the KS total energy. A trust region technique is introduced as a way to restrict the update of the wave functions within a small neighborhood of an approximate solution at which the gradient of the total energy agrees with that of the surrogate. The use of trust regions in SCF is not new. However, it has been observed that directly applying a trust region-based SCF (TRSCF) to the KS total energy often leads to slow convergence. We propose to use TRSCF within a direct constrained minimization (DCM) algorithm we developed in [J. Comput. Phys., 217 ( 2006), pp. 709 - 721]. The key ingredients of the DCM algorithm involve projecting the total energy function into a sequence of subspaces of small dimensions and seeking the minimizer of the total energy function within each subspace. The minimizer of a subspace energy function, which is computed by the TRSCF, not only provides a search direction along which the KS total energy function decreases, but also gives an optimal "step length" that yields a sufficient decrease in total energy. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate that the combination of TRSCF and DCM is more efficient than SCF. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CYang@lbl.gov; JCMeza@lbl.gov; LWWang@lbl.gov RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012; OI Meza, Juan/0000-0003-4543-0349 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1875 DI 10.1137/060661442 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HD UT WOS:000250005700003 ER PT J AU Chang, B Manteuffel, T Mccormick, S Ruge, J Sheehan, B AF Chang, B. Manteuffel, T. Mccormick, S. Ruge, J. Sheehan, B. TI Spatial multigrid for isotropic neutron transport SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Copper Mt, CO SP Front Range Sci Computat Inc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Univ Maryland DE neutral particle transport; multigrid; SN approximation; finite difference discretization ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; ITERATIVE METHODS; EQUATIONS; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB A spatial multigrid algorithm for isotropic neutron transport is presented in x-y geometry. The linear system is obtained using discrete ordinates in angle and corner balance finite differencing in space. Spatial smoothing is accomplished by a four-color block-Jacobi relaxation, where the diagonal blocks correspond to 4-cell blocks on the spatial grid. A bilinear interpolation operator and its transpose are used for the grid transfer operators. Good convergence factors were observed for homogeneous material properties. Heterogeneous material properties prove more difficult, especially the case of a vacuum region surrounded by a thick, diffusive region. In this case, a small amount of absorption, or "effective absorption" in a time-dependent problem, restores good convergence. Numerical results are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Computat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chang, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Computat, POB 808 L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bchang@llnl.gov; tmanteuf@colorado.edu; stevem@colorado.edu; jruge@colorado.edu; brendan.sheehan@colorado.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1900 EP 1917 DI 10.1137/060661363 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HD UT WOS:000250005700005 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, CR AF Dohrmann, Clark R. TI Interpolation operators for algebraic multigrid by local optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Copper Mt, CO SP Front Range Sci Computat Inc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Univ Maryland DE algebraic multigrid; interpolation operators; energy minimization; iterative methods; smoothed aggregation ID SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; WEIGHTS; AMGE AB An approach is presented to construct interpolation operators for algebraic multigrid (AMG) based on solutions of local optimization problems. The local problems are posed in such a way that the null space can be approximated exactly at each multigrid level. In addition, a condition ensuring nonsingularity of a local matrix highlights the need for special considerations when the null space dimension exceeds the number of unknowns for each node. Numerical examples for the Poisson equation and linear elasticity demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and the optimal performance of an ensuing AMG preconditioner. Comparisons with a smoothed aggregation approach are also made. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Mail Stop 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crdohrm@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 2045 EP 2058 DI 10.1137/06066103X PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HD UT WOS:000250005700013 ER PT J AU Heroux, MA Salinger, AG Frink, LJD AF Heroux, Michael A. Salinger, Andrew G. Frink, Laura J. D. TI Parallel segregated Schur complement methods for fluid density functional theories SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Copper Mountain Conference on Iterative Methods CY APR 02-07, 2006 CL Copper Mt, CO SP Front Range Sci Computat Inc, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Univ Maryland DE inhomogeneous fluids; density functional theories; Schur complement; iterative methods ID INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS; POLYATOMIC FLUIDS; SYSTEMS; MIXTURES; ADSORPTION; POLYMERS; LIQUIDS AB Numerical formulations of density functional theories for inhomogeneous fluids (fluid-DFTs) require the solution of large systems of equations with many degrees of freedom (DOF) per node on a computational grid. Historically, solvers for these problems have used simple Picard iterations across DOF or, more recently, fully coupled general algebraic techniques. In this paper we look at fluid-DFTs from a fresh perspective, retaining a fully coupled formulation but segregating variables for the purpose of introducing Schur complement formulations and specialized preconditioners. By viewing fluid-DFTs from this perspective, we develop a mathematical framework and a collection of solution algorithms that have a dramatic impact on the robustness, performance, and scalability of the implicit equations generated by fluid-DFTs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heroux, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM maherou@sandia.gov; agsalin@sandia.gov; ljfrink@sandia.gov OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 2059 EP 2077 DI 10.1137/060661594 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 218HD UT WOS:000250005700014 ER PT J AU Bader, BW Schnabel, RB AF Bader, Brett W. Schnabel, Robert B. TI On the performance of tensor methods for solving ill-conditioned problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear equations; tensor methods; Newton's method; ill-conditioned problems; singular problems ID NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; SINGULAR POINTS; NEWTON METHOD; KRYLOV METHODS; LARGE SYSTEMS; BIFURCATION; ALGORITHMS; SOFTWARE AB This paper investigates the performance of tensor methods for solving small- to large-scale systems of nonlinear equations where the Jacobian matrix at the root is ill-conditioned or singular. This condition occurs on many classes of problems, such as identifying or approaching turning points in path-following problems. The singular case has been studied more than the highly ill-conditioned case, for both Newton and tensor methods. It is known that Newton-based methods do not work well with singular problems because they converge linearly to the solution and, in some cases, with poor accuracy. On the other hand, direct tensor methods have performed well on singular problems and have superlinear convergence on such problems under certain conditions. This behavior originates from the use of a special, restricted form of the second-order term included in the local tensor model that provides information lacking in a (nearly) singular Jacobian. With several implementations available for large-scale problems, tensor methods now are capable of solving larger problems. We compare the performance of tensor methods and Newton-based methods for small- to large-scale problems over a range of conditionings, from well-conditioned to ill-conditioned to singular. Previous studies with tensor methods concerned only the ends of this spectrum. Our results show that tensor methods are increasingly superior to Newton-based methods as the problem grows more ill-conditioned. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Bader, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comp Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwbader@sandia.gov; schnabel@indiana.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2329 EP 2351 DI 10.1137/040607745 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 234PC UT WOS:000251175000005 ER PT J AU Serban, R Homescu, C Petzold, LR AF Serban, Radu Homescu, Chris Petzold, Linda R. TI The effect of problem perturbations on nonlinear dynamical systems and their reduced-order models SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE model reduction; small-sample statistical condition estimation; adjoint method; valid parameter range; singular value analysis ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; SINGULAR VECTORS; REDUCTION AB Reduced-order models are used extensively in many areas of science and engineering for simulation, design, and control. Reduction techniques for nonlinear dynamical systems produce models that depend strongly on the nominal set of parameters for which the reduction is carried out. In this paper we address the following two questions: "What is the effect of perturbations in the problem parameters on the output functional of a nonlinear dynamical system?" and "to what extent does the reduced-order model capture this effect?". C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Serban, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM radu@llnl.gov; homescu@cs.ucsb.edu; petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2621 EP 2643 DI 10.1137/050625278 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 234PC UT WOS:000251175000018 ER PT S AU Tolbert, LM Zhang, H Chinthavali, MS Ozpineci, B AF Tolbert, Leon M. Zhang, Hui Chinthavali, Madhu S. Ozpineci, Burak BE Wright, N Johnson, CM Vassilevski, K Nikitina, I Horsfall, A TI SiC-based power converters for high temperature applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2006 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP, 2006 CL Newcastle upon Tyne, ENGLAND SP II VI Inc, III Vs Review, Cree Inc, Compound Semicond, Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, LPE, Norstel AB, SemiSouth, SiCED, SiCrystal, Surface Technol Syst plc DE converter; inverter; high temperature; hybrid electric vehicle AB As commercial-grade silicon carbide (SiC) power electronics devices become available, the application of these devices at higher temperatures or frequencies has gained interest. This paper contains temperature-dependent loss models for SiC diodes and JFETs and simulations for different power converters that are useful for predicting the efficiency of these converters. Additionally, tests to characterize the static and dynamic performance of some available devices are presented to give further insight into the advantages that might be gained from using SiC devices instead of Si devices for hybrid electric vehicle applications. C1 [Tolbert, Leon M.; Zhang, Hui] Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Chinthavali, Madhu S.; Ozpineci, Burak] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Tolbert, LM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tolbert@utk.edu; hzhangl8@utk.edu; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; ozpinecib@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 556-557 BP 965 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BGQ02 UT WOS:000249653900230 ER PT S AU Myneni, GR AF Myneni, Ganapati Rao BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Physical and mechanical properties of niobium for SRF science and technology SO Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE niobium; yield stress; tensile stress; ductility; Vickers hardness; thermal conductivity; residual resistance ratio; critical magnetic field; SRF cavity ID HIGH RRR NIOBIUM AB Optimized mechanical and physical properties of high purity niobium are crucial for obtaining high performance SRF particle beam accelerator structures consistently. This paper summarizes these important material properties for both high purity polycrystalline and single crystal niobium. C1 Jefferson Lab, Accelerator Div, Newport News, VA USA. RP Myneni, GR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Accelerator Div, Newport News, VA USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300003 ER PT S AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Myneni, GR Ricke, RE AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Myneni, Ganapati Rao Ricke, Richard E. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Investigations of residual stresses and mechanical properties of single crystal niobium for SRF cavities SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE SRF cavity; niobium; yield stress; formability; residual stress AB This work investigates properties of large grained, high purity mobium with respect to the forming of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities from such large grained sheets. The yield stresses were examined using tensile specimens that were essentially single crystals in orientations evenly distributed in the standard projection triangle. No distinct yield anisotropy was found, however, vacuum annealing increased the yield strength by a factor 2...3. The deep drawing forming operation of the half cells raises the issues of elastic shape changes after the release of the forming tool (springback) and residual stresses, both of which are indicated to be negligible. This is a consequence of the low yield stress (< 100 MPa:,) and the large thickness (compared to typical thicknesses in sheet metal forming). However, the significant anisotropy of the transversal plastic strains after uniaxial deformation points to potentially critical thickness variations for large grained / single crystal half cells, thus raising the issue of controlling grain orientation or using single crystal sheet material. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurton Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Myneni, Ganapati Rao] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Accelerator Div, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ricke, Richard E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurton Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011; OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; Metals Company Inc [CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2] FX y This work is supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 and Reference Metals Company Inc. CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2. The authors acknowledge discussions with Mr. Tadeu Carneiro and help of Dr. P. Kneisel with the large grain niobium half cells NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 48 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300004 ER PT S AU Ricker, RE Pitchure, DJ Myneni, GR AF Ricker, R. E. Pitchure, D. J. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Interstitial solutes and deformation in Nb and Nb single crystals SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE deformation; elasticity; forming; internal friction; interstitial embrittlement; plasticity; serrated yielding AB Experiments were conducted on high purity single and polycrystalline niobium samples to determine the influence of low concentrations of interstitial impurities on mechanical properties and to evaluate the feasibility of mechanical properties to detect, identify, and quantify diffusible interstitial content. Time series and spectral analysis were used to evaluate behavior during plastic flow. Dynamic modulus analysis and strain relaxation/recovery experiments were used to evaluate anelastic relaxations during elastic loading. Serrations during plastic flow were found to occur at discrete frequency ranges with amplitudes that varied with interstitial content. Anelastic relaxations were found at specific temperatures or time constants with amplitudes that varied with interstitial content. The results indicate that with considerable research and development, mechanical properties could be used to measure the diffusible interstitial content of niobium and partition the total interstitial content between diffusible (harmful) and non-diffusible (non-harmful) forms. C1 [Ricker, R. E.; Pitchure, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; Reference Metals Company Inc. [CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2] FX This work is supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 and Reference Metals Company Inc. CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 60 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300005 ER PT S AU Batchelor, AD Leonard, DN Russell, PE Stevie, FA Griffis, DP Myneni, GR AF Batchelor, A. D. Leonard, D. N. Russell, P. E. Stevie, F. A. Griffis, D. P. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI TEM and SIMS analysis of (100), (110), and (111) single crystal niobium SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE superconducting materials; accelerators; TEM; SIMS ID SURFACE AB Single crystal niobium specimens of (100), (110) and (111) crystal orientations have been analyzed using TEM and SIMS. The TEM specimens were prepared using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and show niobium oxide thicknesses ranging from 4.9 to 8.3 nm for the three specimens after buffer chemical polishing. The oxide layers appear uniform and no significant sub-oxide region was noted. SIMS analysis was made for all three orientations on hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen before and after heat treatments at 90, 600, and 1250 degrees C. Hydrogen is at a high level between the oxide layer and niobium, but at a relatively low level in the oxide. No high oxygen concentration region was noted in the mobium below the oxide. C contamination on the surface is detected mainly at the surface. Analysis after heat treatments showed some decrease in hydrogen after the 600 degrees C heat treatment and significant oxidation of the niobium after the 1250 degrees C heat treatment. C1 [Batchelor, A. D.; Stevie, F. A.; Griffis, D. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Anal Instrumentat Facil, MRC Bldg,Room 318, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leonard, D. N.; Griffis, D. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Mat Sci Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Russell, P. E.] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Batchelor, AD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Anal Instrumentat Facil, MRC Bldg,Room 318, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX This work is supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 The authors acknowledge discussions with Drs. P. Kneisel and G. Ciovati and their help in getting the samples prepared. We acknowledge the assistance of Danny Forehands in the heat treating of the samples and R. Garcia for EDS measurements. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 72 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300006 ER PT S AU Kneisel, P Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Sekutowicz, J Carneiro, T AF Kneisel, P. Myneni, G. R. Ciovati, G. Sekutowicz, J. Carneiro, T. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Development of large grain/single crystal niobium cavity technology at Jefferson lab SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE superconducting cavities; niobium AB Approximately two years ago we started to develop high performance niobium accelerating cavities based on large grain or single crystal high purity mobium. We have fabricated and tested 15 single cell cavities of various shapes and frequencies between 1300 MHz and 2300 MHz using material from a total of 9 different very large grain mobium ingots from four niobium suppliers. The materials differed not only in grain sizes, but also in RRR value and in the amount of Ta contained in the material. In one ingot supplied by CBMM the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. A single crystal 1300 MHz mono-cell cavity was also produced at DESY by rolling out a single crystal to the size required for this cavity. It was sent to Jlab for surface treatment and testing. In addition, we have fabricated three 7-cell cavities: two of the Jlab high gradient (HG) shape and one of the ILC Low Loss shape. Two 9-cell TESLA shape cavities are presently in fabrication at Jlab and are close to completion. C1 [Kneisel, P.; Myneni, G. R.; Ciovati, G.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Sekutowicz, J.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Carneiro, T.] CBMM, Araxa, Brazil. RP Kneisel, P (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Sekutowicz, Jacek/A-6561-2013 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300007 ER PT S AU Compton, C Aizaz, A Baars, D Bieler, T Bierwagen, J Bricker, S Grimm, T Hartung, W Jiang, H Johnson, M Popielarski, J Saxton, L Antoine, C Wagner, B Kneisel, P AF Compton, Chris Aizaz, Ahmad Baars, Derek Bieler, Tom Bierwagen, John Bricker, Steve Grimm, Terry Hartung, Walter Jiang, Hairong Johnson, Matt Popielarski, John Saxton, Laura Antoine, Claire Wagner, Bob Kneisel, Peter BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Single crystal and large grain niobium research at Michigan State University SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE niobium; recrystallization; thermal conductivity; residual resistance ratio; SRF cavity AB As Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) technology is used in more accelerator designs, research has focused on increasing the efficiency of these accelerators by pushing gradients and investigating cost reduction options. Today, most SRF structures are fabricated from high purity niobium. Over years of research, a material specification has been derived that defines a uniaxial, fine grain structure for SRF cavity fabrication. Most recently a push has been made to investigate the merits of using single or large grain niobium as a possible alternative to fine grain niobium. Michigan State University (MSU), in collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB), is researching large grain niobium via cavity fabrication processes and testing, as well as exploring materials science issues associated with recrystallization and heat transfer. Single-cell 1.3 GHz (beta=0.081) cavities made from both fine and large grain niobium were compared both in terms of fabrication procedures and performance. Two 7-cell cavities are currently being fabricated. C1 [Compton, Chris; Aizaz, Ahmad; Baars, Derek; Bieler, Tom; Bierwagen, John; Bricker, Steve; Grimm, Terry; Hartung, Walter; Jiang, Hairong; Johnson, Matt; Popielarski, John; Saxton, Laura] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Antoine, Claire; Wagner, Bob] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Kneisel, Peter] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Compton, C (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 98 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300008 ER PT S AU Antoine, C AF Antoine, Claire BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Single and large grain activities at Fermilab SO Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE niobium; large grain; monocrystals; grain boundaries; surface morphology; RF superconductivity ID NIOBIUM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURES AB This paper describes the ongoing activities at Fermilab for large grains and monocrystalline niobium. In addition to acquisition of local fabrication expertise, we plan to develop an R&D program dedicated to evidence the possible influence of crystal orientation on physical and chemical properties of niobium, such as mechanical properties, magnetic properties or surface contamination. Some considerations are also given about the morphology at grain boundaries and its role on the behavior of superconducting cavities. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Antoine, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300009 ER PT S AU Singer, W Singer, X Kneisel, P AF Singer, W. Singer, X. Kneisel, P. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI A single crystal niobium RF cavity of the TESLA shape SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE cavity; single crystal; accelerating gradient; material properties AB A fabrication method for single crystal niobium cavities of the TESLA shape was proposed on the basis of metallographic investigations and electron beam welding tests on niobium single crystals. These tests showed that a cavity can be produced without grain boundaries even in the welding area. An appropriate annealing allows the outgassing of hydrogen and stress relaxation of the material without destruction of the single crystal. A prototype single crystal single cell cavity was build. An accelerating gradient of 37.5 MV/m was reached after approximately 110 gm of Buffered Chemical Polishing (BCP) and in situ baking at 120 degrees C for 6 hrs with a quality factor exceeding 2x1010 at 1.8 K. ne developed fabrication method can be extended to fabrication of multi cell cavities. C1 [Singer, W.] DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Singer, W (reprint author), DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 133 EP + PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300012 ER PT S AU Saito, K Furuta, F Saeki, T Inoue, H Shim, J Ahn, J Kim, ES Xu, Q Zong, Z Gao, J Kneisel, P Myneni, GR AF Saito, K. Furuta, F. Saeki, T. Inoue, H. Shim, J. Ahn, J. Kim, E. S. Xu, Q. Zong, Z. Gao, J. Kneisel, P. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Large grain niobium cavity R&D in Asia and the future SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE superconducting cavities; niobium AB The status of the large grain niobium cavity R&D in Asia and the future scope are presented. Recently KEK has received CBMM and NingXia large grain niobium sheets through collaborations. KEK has fabricated 1.3 GHz single cell cavities using these materials and measured the cavity performance. Those results are presented in this paper. C1 [Saito, K.; Furuta, F.; Saeki, T.; Inoue, H.] KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Shim, J.; Ahn, J.] Pusan Univ, Pusan, South Korea. [Kim, E. S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea. [Xu, Q.; Zong, Z.; Gao, J.] IHEP, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kneisel, P.; Myneni, G. R.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Saito, K (reprint author), KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300014 ER PT S AU Carosi, G AF Carosi, G. BE Cetin, SA Hikmet, I TI Finding the axion: The search for the dark matter of the universe SO Six International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference of the Balkan-Physical-Union CY AUG 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Balkan Phys Union, Turkish Phys Soc, Istanbul Univ, Yildiz Tech Univ, Bogaz Univ, Dogus Univ, European Phys Soc, Govt Istanbul, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipal, Turkish Atomic Energy Author, Sci & Technol Res Council Turkey, United Natl Educ Sci & Cultutal Org, NEL Electronik DE document processing; class file writing; LATEX 2 epsilon AB The nature of dark matter has been a mystery for over 70 years. One plausible candidate is the axion, an extremely light and weakly interacting particle, which results from the Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong CP problem. In this proceedings I will briefly review the evidence for dark matter as well as the motivation for the existence of the axion as a prime dark matter candidate. I will then discuss the experimental methods to search for axion dark matter focusing on a sensitive cavity experiment (ADMX) being run at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carosi, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-270,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0404-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 899 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGG30 UT WOS:000246647900008 ER PT S AU Oltulu, O Zhong, Z Hasnah, M Chapman, D AF Oltulu, Oral Zhong, Zhong Hasnah, Moumen Chapman, Dean BE Cetin, SA Hikmet, I TI Multiple image radiography with diffraction enhanced imaging for breast specimen SO SIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference of the Balkan-Physical-Union CY AUG 22-26, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Balkan Phys Union, Turkish Phys Soc, Istanbul Univ, Yildiz Tech Univ, Bogaz Univ, Dogus Univ, European Phys Soc, Govt Istanbul, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipal, Turkish Atomic Energy Author, Sci & Technol Res Council Turkey, United Natl Educ Sci & Cultutal Org, NEL Electronik DE DEI; x-ray imaging; radiography; absorption; refraction; scattering AB Biological samples are of great interest for many imaging techniques. The samples usually contain small structures and weak absorption properties. The combinations of weak signals with overlying structures make feature recognition difficult in many cases. In the x-ray regime, a relatively new imaging technique Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) has superior tissue contrast over conventional radiography and is proven to be very sensitive method. Multiple images taken by DEI are called Multiple Image Radiography (MIR). The purpose of this study is to validate the potential application of the method and to show that MIR-DEI method may give more information about the sample. C1 [Oltulu, Oral] Harran Univ, Dept Phys, TR-63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Zhong, Zhong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oltulu, O (reprint author), Harran Univ, Dept Phys, TR-63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey. RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 FU NIH/NIAMS [R01 AR48292]; NIH/NIGMS [R21 GM59395-01]; US Army MRMC [DAMD17-99-9217]; US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of NIH/NIAMS grant R01 AR48292 (MW, DC), NIH/NIGMS grant R21 GM59395-01 (MH,00, DC), and the US Army MRMC grant DAMD17-99-9217 (DC). The National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0404-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 899 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGG30 UT WOS:000246647900204 ER PT B AU Sun, XH Wu, M AF Sun, Xian-He Wu, Ming BA Han, Y BF Han, Y TI Quality of service of grid computing: Resource sharing SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID AND COOPERATIVE COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferernce on Grid and Cooperative Computing CY AUG 16-18, 2007 CL Urumchi, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, Xin Jiang Univ, Platform AB Rapid advancement of communication technology has changed the landscape of computing. New models of computing, such as business-on-demand, Web services, peer-to-peer networks, and Grid computing have emerged to harness distributed computing and network resources to provide powerful services. The non-deterministic characteristic of the resource availability in these new computing platforms raises an outstanding challenge: how to support Quality of Service (QoS) to meet a user's demand? In this study, we conduct a thorough study of QoS of distributed computing, especially on Grid computing where the requirement of distributed sharing and coordination goes to the extreme. We start at QoS policies, and then focus on technical issues of the enforcement of the policies and performance optimization under each policy. This study provides a classification of existing software system based on their underlying policies, a systematic understanding of QoS, and a framework for QoS of Grid computing. C1 [Sun, Xian-He; Wu, Ming] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Sun, Xian-He] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sun, XH (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM sun@iit.edu; wuming@iit.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2871-7 PY 2007 BP 395 EP + DI 10.1109/GCC.2007.102 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT93 UT WOS:000250479200054 ER PT J AU Bauer, CA Robinson, DB Simmons, BA AF Bauer, Christina A. Robinson, David B. Simmons, Blake A. TI Silica particle formation in confined environments via bioinspired polyamine catalysis at near-neutral pH SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE bioinspired materials; mesoporous materials; micelles; polymers; silica ID LONG-CHAIN POLYAMINES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; REVERSE MICELLES; PHASE-SEPARATION; DIATOM BIOSILICA; HOLLOW SPHERES; SIZE; NANOSPHERES; SURFACES; WATER C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nanoscale Sci & Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Simmons, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nanoscale Sci & Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM basimmo@sandia.gov OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1002/smll.200600352 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 125YA UT WOS:000243478200006 PM 17294469 ER PT S AU Aubert, JH Tallant, DR Sawyer, PS Garcia, MJ AF Aubert, J. H. Tallant, D. R. Sawyer, P. S. Garcia, M. J. BE Provder, T Baghdachi, J TI Development of a Removable Conformal Coating through the Synthetic Incorporation of Diels-Alder Thermally Reversible Adducts into an Epoxy Resin SO SMART COATINGS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Coatings CY FEB 16-18, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Coatings Res Inst AB An epoxy-based conformal coating with a very low modulus has been developed for the environmental protection of electronic devices and for stress relief of those devices. The coating was designed to be removable by incorporating thermally-reversible Die Is-Alder (D-A) adducts into the epoxy resin utilized in the formulation. The removability of the coating allows us to recover expensive components during development, to rebuild during production, to upgrade the components during their lifetime, to perform surveillance after deployment, and it aids in dismantlement of the components after their lifetime. The removability is the unique feature of this coating and was characterized by modulus versus temperature measurements, dissolution experiments, viscosity quench experiments, and FTIR. Both the viscosity quench experiments and the FTIR measurements allowed us to estimate the equilibrium constant of the D-A adducts in a temperature range from room temperature to 90 degrees C. C1 [Aubert, J. H.; Sawyer, P. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aubert, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7429-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 957 BP 121 EP 133 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BQI82 UT WOS:000281131600009 ER PT B AU Yu, WK Vetter, JS Canon, RS AF Yu, Weikuan Vetter, Jeffrey S. Canon, R. Shane TI OPAL: An open-source MPI-IO library over Cray XT SO SNAPI 2007: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STORAGE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND PARALLEL I/OS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Storage Network Architecture and Parallel I/Os LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Storage Network Architecture and Parallel I/Os CY SEP 24, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCMS AB Parallel I/O over Cray AT is supported by a vendor-supplied MPI-IO package. This package contains a proprietary ADIO implementation built on top of the sysio library. While it is reasonable to maintain a stable code base for users' convenience, it is also very important for the system developers and researchers to analyze and assess the effectiveness of parallel I/O software, and accordingly, tune and optimize the MPI-IO implementation. A proprietary parallel I/O code base relinquishes such flexibilities. On the other hand, a generic UFS-based MPI-IO implementation is typically used on many Linux-based platforms, which lacks of the capability of utilizing Lustre specific features. We have developed an open-source MPI-IO package over Lustre, referred to as OPAL (OPportunistic and Adaptive MPI-IO Library over Lustre). OPAL provides a single source-code base for MPI-IO over Lustre on both the Cray XT and Linux platforms. It provides a number of good features, including arbitrary specification of striping patterns and Lustre-stripe aligned file domain partitioning. This paper presents the performance comparisons between OPAL and Cray's proprietary implementation. Our evaluation demonstrates that OPAL achieves the performance comparable to the Cray implementation. We also exemplify the benefits of OPAL in profiling the internal time breakdown of the collective I/O protocol over Cray XT. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Canon, R. Shane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wyu@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; canonrs@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [DE-AC05- 00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05- 00OR22725. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3097-0 J9 I W STOR NETW ARCH PY 2007 BP 41 EP + DI 10.1109/SNAPI.2007.15 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHL71 UT WOS:000254143800006 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J Johnson, WR Cheng, KT AF Nilsen, Joseph Johnson, Walter R. Cheng, K. T. BE Tallents, GJ Dunn, J TI Searching for plasmas with anomalous dispersion in the soft X-ray regime - art. no. 67020N SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications VII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray laser; interferometers; index of refraction; plasmas; anomalous dispersion ID BOUND-ELECTRON CONTRIBUTION; INTERFEROMETRY; REFRACTION; INDEX; DIAGNOSTICS; CONDUCTION; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB Over the last decade the electron density of plasmas has been measured using X-ray laser interferometers in the 14 to 47 nm wavelength regime. With the same formula used in decades of experiments with optical interferometers, the data analysis assumes the index of refraction is due only to the free electrons, which makes the index less than one. Over the last several years, interferometer experiments in C, Al, Ag, and Sn plasmas have observed plasmas with index of refraction greater than one at 14 or 47 run and demonstrated unequivocally that the usual formula for calculating the index of refraction is not always valid as the contribution from bound electrons can dominate the free electrons in certain cases. In this paper we search for other materials with strong anomalous dispersion that could be used in X-ray laser interferometer experiments to help understand this phenomena. An average atom code is used to calculate the plasma properties. This paper discusses the calculations of anomalous dispersion in Ne and Na plasmas near 47 run and Xe plasmas near 14 nm. With the advent of the FLASH X-ray free electron laser in Germany and the LCLS X-FEL coming online at Stanford in 2 years the average atom code will be an invaluable tool to explore plasmas at higher Xray energy to identify potential experiments for the future. During the next decade X-ray free electron lasers and other X-ray sources will be used to probe a wider variety of plasmas at higher densities and shorter wavelengths so understanding the index of refraction in plasmas will be even more essential. C1 [Nilsen, Joseph; Cheng, K. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6850-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6702 BP N7020 EP N7020 DI 10.1117/12.732533 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC28 UT WOS:000252167400019 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Rus, B Mocek, T Nelson, AJ Foord, ME Rozmus, W Baldis, HA Shepherd, RL Kozlova, M Polan, J Homer, P Stupka, M AF Dunn, J. Rus, B. Mocek, T. Nelson, A. J. Foord, M. E. Rozmus, W. Baldis, H. A. Shepherd, R. L. Kozlova, M. Polan, J. Homer, P. Stupka, M. BE Tallents, GJ Dunn, J TI 21nm x-ray laser Thomson scattering of laser-heated exploding foil plasmas - art. no. 67020O SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications VII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE soft x-ray laser; laser-driven plasmas; Thomson scattering; exploding foil ID ELECTRON; SATURATION AB Recent experiments were carried out on the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) towards the demonstration of a soft x-ray laser Thomson scattering diagnostic for a laser-produced exploding foil. The Thomson probe utilized the Ne-like zinc x-ray laser which was double-passed to deliver similar to 1 mJ of focused energy at 21.2 nm wavelength and lasting similar to 100 ps. The plasma under study was heated single-sided using a Gaussian 300-ps pulse of 438-nm light (3 omega of the PALS iodine laser) at laser irradiances of 10(13) - 10(14) W cm(-2). Electron densities of 10(20) - 10(22) cm(-3) and electron temperatures from 200 to 500 eV were probed at 0.5 or Ins after the peak of the heating pulse during the foil plasma expansion. A flat-field 1200 line mm(-1) variable-spaced grating spectrometer with a cooled charge-coupled device readout viewed the plasma in the forward direction at 30 degrees with respect to the x-ray laser probe. We show results from plasmas generated from similar to 1 mu m thick targets of Al and polypropylene (C3H6). Numerical simulations of the Thomson scattering cross-sections will be presented. These simulations show electron peaks in addition to a narrow ion feature due to collective (incoherent) Thomson scattering. The electron features are shifted from the frequency of the scattered radiation approximately by the electron plasma frequency cop, and scale as n(e)(1/2). C1 [Dunn, J.; Nelson, A. J.; Foord, M. E.; Shepherd, R. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Mocek, Tomas/G-5344-2014; Homer, Pavel/G-8910-2014 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6850-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6702 BP O7020 EP O7020 DI 10.1117/12.734718 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC28 UT WOS:000252167400020 ER PT S AU Voronov, DL Zubarev, EN Pershyn, YP Sevryukova, VA Kondratenko, VV Vinogradov, AV Artioukov, IA Uspenskiy, YA Grisham, M Vaschenko, G Menoni, CS Rocca, JJ AF Voronov, Dmitriy L. Zubarev, Evgeniy N. Pershyn, Yuriy P. Sevryukova, Victoriya A. Kondratenko, Valeriy V. Vinogradov, Alexander V. Artioukov, Igor A. Uspenskiy, Yuriy A. Grisham, Michael Vaschenko, Georgiy Menoni, Carmen S. Rocca, Jorge J. BE Tallents, GJ Dunn, J TI Structural transformations in Sc/Si multilayers irradiated by EUV lasers SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications VII CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE capillary-discharge EUV laser; Sc/Si multilayer EUV optics; laser ablation; silicide formation; diffusion barriers ID X-RAY MIRRORS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LASER; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; WATER-WINDOW; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; CAPILLARY DISCHARGES; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; ABLATION; PULSES AB Multilayer mirrors for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) are key elements for numerous applications of coherent EUV sources such as new tabletop lasers and free-electron lasers. However the field of applications is limited by the radiation and thermal stability of the multilayers. Taking into account the growing power of EUV sources the stability of the optics becomes crucial. To overcome this problem it is necessary to study the degradation of multilayers and try to increase their temporal and thermal stability. In this paper we report the results of detailed study of structural changes in Sc/Si multilayers when exposed to intense EUV laser pulses. Various types of surface damage such as melting, boiling, shock wave creation and ablation were observed as irradiation fluencies increase. Cross-sectional TEM study revealed that the layer structure was completely destroyed in the upper part of multilayer, but still survived below. The layers adjacent to the substrate remained intact even through the multilayer surface melted down, though the structure of the layers beneath the molten zone was noticeably changed. The layer structure in this thermally affected zone is similar to that of isothermally annealed samples. All stages of scandium silicide formation such as interdiffusion, solid-state amorphization, silicide crystallization etc., are present in the thermally affected zone. It indicates a thermal nature of the damage mechanism. The tungsten diffusion barriers were applied to the scandium/silicon interfaces. It was shown that the barriers inhibited interdiffusion and increased the thermal stability of Sc/Si mirrors. C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DLVoronov@lbl.gov RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015; Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 OI Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X; NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6850-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6702 AR 67020U DI 10.1117/12.732705 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC28 UT WOS:000252167400024 ER PT J AU Oostrom, M Truex, MJ Thorne, PD Wietsma, TW AF Oostrom, M. Truex, M. J. Thorne, P. D. Wietsma, T. W. TI Three-dimensional multifluid flow and transport at the Brooklawn site near Baton Rouge, LA: A case study SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; multifluid modeling; entrapped saturation formation; well model ID MODEL AB Disposal quantities of organic wastes at the Brooklawn Site in Louisiana are suspected to equal nearly 1.45 x 10(8) Kg, making this site one of the most contaminated dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sites in the world. Remedial activities at the site include groundwater and DNAPL extraction from recovery wells. DNAPL recovery has markedly declined in recent years, with many of the peripheral wells showing negligible recovery of organic liquids. Three-dimensional simulations of DNAPL movement in the subsurface were conducted using the STOMP simulator, including a new coupled-well model. The objectives of this modeling effort were to (1) determine the fate and transport of infiltrated DNAPL, and (2) measure the effects of active recovery through DNAPL pumping. A detailed three-dimensional geologic model of the Brooklawn primary DNAPL disposal area was developed and used as the framework for DNAPL simulations. Additionally, site-specific data were obtained to determine the most important hydraulic properties of the subsurface related to DNAPL movement and formation of entrapped DNAPL in the laboratory. In addition to a simulation using the best available subsurface information, several sensitivity simulations were conducted to assess the effects on DNAPL migration. These simulations include DNAPL pumping, well screen extension, an alternative geology, increased DNAPL density, lower DNAPL viscosity, and more-permeable sand and silt deposits. Results of the simulations were compared to field data that define the extent of DNAPL movement based on where DNAPL has been extracted in the site recovery wells. The model simulations show that pumping has a negligible effect on subsurface DNAPL saturations and movement. Pumped DNAPL volumes diminish rapidly due to the limited radius of influence of the wells and movement of the DNAPL out of the zone of influence of the wells with a maximum radius of influence of about 6 m. The numerical analysis also demonstrates that it is impractical to extend existing wells or install new wells to retrieve enough DNAPL to affect the overall extent of DNAPL movement. C1 Pacific NW Div, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Oostrom, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Div, Environm Technol Div, POB 999,MS K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mart.oostrom@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-0383 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 109 EP 141 DI 10.1080/15320380601166413 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139HL UT WOS:000244422800001 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Lal, R Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Shipitalo, MJ AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Lal, R. Post, W. M. Izaurralde, R. C. Shipitalo, M. J. TI Soil hydraulic properties influenced by corn stover removal from no-till corn in Ohio SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE no-till; corn stover removal; saturated hydraulic conductivity; earthworm middens; bulk density; soil water retention; air permeability ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; WATER INFILTRATION; CROP RESIDUES; CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE; MACROPOROSITY; EARTHWORMS; PERMEABILITY; DYNAMICS AB Corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for biofuel production and other uses may alter soil hydraulic properties, but site-specific information needed to determine the threshold levels of removal for the U.S. Corn Belt region is limited. This study quantified impacts of systematic removal of corn stover on soil hydraulic parameters after I year of stover management under no-till (NT) systems. These measurements were made on three soils in Ohio including Rayne silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult) at Coshocton, Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) at Hoytville, and Celina silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs) at South Charleston. Interrelationships among soil properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) predictions were also assessed. Earthworm middens, K-sat, bulk density (rho(b)), soil water retention (SWR), pore-size distribution, and air permeability (k(a)) were determined for six stover treatments. Stover treatments consisted of removing 0 (T100), 25 (T75), 50 (T50), 75 (T25), 100 (T0) and adding 100 (T200)% of corn stover corresponding to 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 10.00 Mg ha(-1) of stover, respectively. Stover removal reduced the number of middens, K-sat, SWR, and k(a), and increased rho(b) at all sites (P < 0.01). Compared to normal stover treatment (T100), complete stover removal (T0) reduced earthworm middens 6-fold at Coshocton and about 14-fold at Hoytville and Charleston. Geometric mean K-sat decreased from 3.1 to 0.1 mm h(-1) at Coshocton, 4.2 to 0.3 mm h(-1) at Hoytville, and 4.2 to 0.6 mm h(-1) at Charleston while soil rho(b) increased about 12% in the 0-10-cm depth at Coshocton and Hoytville from T100 to T0. The SWR for T0 was about 70% of that for T100 and 58% of that for T200 at 0 to -6 kPa suctions across sites. The log k(a) for T200, T100, and T75 significantly exceeded that under T50, T25, and T0 at Coshocton and Charleston. Differences in the number of middens, rho(b), SWR, K-sat, and k(a) between T100 and T200 were not generally significant although the T200 retained slightly more water for the 0 to -100 kPa at Charleston and had higher ka at Hoytville compared to T100. Measured parameters were strongly correlated, and k(a) was a strong K-sat predictor. Stover harvesting induces rapid changes in soil hydraulic properties and earthworm activity, but further monitoring is needed to ascertain the threshold levels of stover removal for soil-specific conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, FAES, OARDC,Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, FAES, OARDC,Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 412C Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM blanco.16@osu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.still.2006.02.002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 105CP UT WOS:000242007200016 ER PT J AU Levene, JI Mann, MK Margolis, RM Milbrandt, A AF Levene, Johanna Ivy Mann, Margaret K. Margolis, Robert M. Milbrandt, Anelia TI An analysis of hydrogen production from renewable electricity sources SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE renewable hydrogen; distributed refueling; solar hydrogen; wind hydrogen; hydrogen production; electrolysis; hydrogen resource analysis AB Three aspects of producing hydrogen via renewable electricity sources are analyzed to determine the potential for solar and wind hydrogen production pathways: a renewable hydrogen resource assessment, a cost analysis of hydrogen production via electrolysis, and the annual energy requirements of producing hydrogen for refueling. The results indicate that ample resources exist to produce transportation fuel from wind and solar power. However, hydrogen prices are highly dependent on electricity prices. For renewables to produce hydrogen at $2 kg(-1), using electrolyzers available in 2004, electricity prices would have to be less than $0.01 kWh(-1). Additionally, energy requirements for hydrogen refueling stations are in excess of 20 GWh/year. It may be challenging for dedicated renewable systems at the filling station to meet such requirements. Therefore, while plentiful resources exist to provide clean electricity for the production of hydrogen for transportation fuel, challenges remain to identify optimum economic and technical configurations to provide renewable energy to distributed hydrogen refueling stations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levene, JI (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM johanna_levene@nrel.gov NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2006.10.005 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 188DZ UT WOS:000247900600009 ER PT J AU Perez, R Moore, K Wilcox, S Renne, D Zelenka, A AF Perez, Richard Moore, Kathleen Wilcox, Steve Renne, David Zelenka, Antoine TI Forecasting solar radiation - Preliminary evaluation of an approach based upon the national forecast database SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Our objective is to develop, and undertake a preliminary evaluation of a simple solar radiation forecast model using sky cover predictions from the National Digital Forecast Database as an input. This report describes the model and presents a limited evaluation of its performance against ground-measured and satellite-derived irradiances in Albany, New York. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12203 USA. IED, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NREL, Golden, CO 80841 USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), SUNY Albany, ASRC, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM Perez@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; moore@iedat.com; stephen_wilcox@nrel.gov; antoine.zelenka@meteoswiss.ch NR 7 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 809 EP 812 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2006.09.009 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 188DZ UT WOS:000247900600013 ER PT J AU Reda, I Andreas, A AF Reda, Ibrahim Andreas, Afshin TI Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications (vol 76, pg 577, 2004) SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Reda, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ibrahim_reda@nrel.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 838 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2007.01.003 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 188DZ UT WOS:000247900600017 ER PT J AU Hoff, TE Perez, R Margolis, RM AF Hoff, Thomas E. Perez, Richard Margolis, Robert M. TI Maximizing the value of customer-sited PV systems using storage and controls SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; storage; effective capacity; peak shaving; economics AB This paper determines bow the value of customer-sited PV can be increased with battery storage by enhancing the load management and outage protection attributes of PV. Case studies in San Jose, CA and Long Island, NY for residential and commercial PV applications are used for a quantitative illustration of storage value enhancement. Results indicate that: (1) a small amount of storage for local load control and a larger amount of storage for emergency load protection significantly increases the value of distributed PV to the customer; (2) the value of PV combined with emergency storage exceeds the sum of the value of these options implemented separately; and (3) there is a potential opportunity to use dispersed PV + storage to enhance grid security (capturing this value, however, will require regulatory and policy changes). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Clean Power Res, Napa, CA USA. NREL, Washington, DC USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), SUNY Albany, ASRC, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM Perez@asrc.cestm.albany.edu NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 7 BP 940 EP 945 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2006.11.011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 202RV UT WOS:000248921800011 ER PT J AU Aroutiounian, VM Arakelyan, VM Shahnazaryan, GE Hovhannisyan, HR Wang, HL Turner, JA AF Aroutiounian, V. M. Arakelyan, V. M. Shahnazaryan, G. E. Hovhannisyan, H. R. Wang, Heli Turner, John A. TI Photoelectrochemistry of tin-doped iron oxide electrodes SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE semiconductor; photoelectrode; iron oxide; photocurrent; impedance AB Ceramic semiconductor photoelectrodes made of Fe2O3 with up to 2 at.% Sn-doping were synthesized. Results of investigations of their electroconductivity are presented. The ionization energy of donor centers created by tin is determined. The capacitance-voltage characteristics of the photoelectrodes and the dynamic polarization with chopped light were investigated. The anodic photocurrent onset potential, the flat band potential and the shallow and deep donor density of these materials were determined. The spectral characteristics of manufactured photoelectrodes were measured. The threshold photon energies corresponding to the inter-band optical transitions near the edge of the fundamental absorption of the semiconductor photoelectrode were calculated. The structure of the two-phase interface was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan 375025, Armenia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aroutiounian, VM (reprint author), Yerevan State Univ, 1 Alek Manookian St, Yerevan 375025, Armenia. EM kisahar@ysu.am NR 9 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2007.01.006 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 232MG UT WOS:000251023200006 ER PT J AU Svoboda, V Wenzl, H Kaiser, R Jossen, A Baring-Gould, I Manwell, J Lundsager, P Bindner, H Cronin, T Norgard, P Ruddell, A Perujo, A Douglas, K Rodrigues, C Joyce, A Tselepis, S van der Borg, N Nieuwenhout, F Wilmot, N Mattera, F Sauer, DU AF Svoboda, Vojtech Wenzl, Heinz Kaiser, Rudi Jossen, Andreas Baring-Gould, Ian Manwell, James Lundsager, Per Bindner, Henrik Cronin, Tom Norgard, Per Ruddell, Alan Perujo, Adolfo Douglas, Kevin Rodrigues, Carlos Joyce, Antonio Tselepis, Stathis van der Borg, Nico Nieuwenhout, Frans Wilmot, Nigel Mattera, Florence Sauer, Dirk Uwe TI Operating conditions of batteries in off-grid renewable energy systems SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE renewable energy systems; pperating conditions; lead acid battery; ageing processes ID PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS; LEAD/ACID BATTERIES; LEAD; CORROSION AB Operating conditions in off-grid renewable energy systems (RES) vary significantly in different applications and locations. To describe RES and the operating conditions of their components it is useful to define categories of similar operating conditions. Categories can also be used for lifetime considerations of RES components, for making recommendations and for analysing the properties and performance of a RES and its components. Categories support system designers and an economic analysis. This paper describes the process and the results of creating RES categories of similar operating conditions for batteries. Categories are defined in such a way that batteries belonging to the same category are subjected to similar operating conditions and a similar combination of stress factors. The results provide a comprehensive overview of battery operating conditions in existing off-grid renewable energy systems. This work is part of the EU research project Benchmarking.(1) (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Beratung Batterien & Energietech, D-37520 Osterode, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Ctr Solar Energy & Hydrogen Res Baden Wuerttember, D-89031 Ulm, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Riseo Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Council Cent Lab Res Councils, Energy Res Unit, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. INETI, Dept Renewable Energy, P-1649038 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Renewable Energy Sources, Pikermi 19009, Greece. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. Murdoch Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Energy, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Groupement Energet Cadarache, Commissariat Energet Atom, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Electrochem Energy Convers & Storage Syst Grp, D-52066 Aachen, Germany. RP Wenzl, H (reprint author), Beratung Batterien & Energietech, Am Bergwaldchen 27, D-37520 Osterode, Germany. EM svoboda@hawaii.edu; heinz.wenzl@t-online.de; kaiser@ise.fhg.de; andreas.jossen@zsw-bw.de; ian_baring_gould@nrel.gov; manwell@ecs.umass.edu; per.lundsager@risoe.dk; alan.ruddell@rl.ac.uk; adolfo.perujo@cec.eu.int; carlos.rodrigues@ineti.pt; stselep@cres.gr; nieuwenout@ecn.nl; nwilmot@rise.murdoch.edu.au; mattera@drncad.cea.fr; DirkUwe.Sauer@isea.rwth-aachen.de RI Sauer, Dirk Uwe/A-7414-2012; LNEG, Producao Cientifica/D-2212-2012 OI Sauer, Dirk Uwe/0000-0002-5622-3591; NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1409 EP 1425 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2006.12.009 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 232MG UT WOS:000251023200010 ER PT S AU Chang, DS McDonald, TJ Kim, YH Blackburn, JL Heben, MJ King, PW AF Chang, Drazenka Svedruzic McDonald, Timothy J. Kim, Yong-Hyun Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Heben, Michael J. King, Paul W. BE Guo, J TI Interaction of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases with single-walled carbon nanotubes - art. no. 665011 SO Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solay Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Varian DE biohydrogen; hydrogenases; single-walled carbon nanotubes; charge-transfer ID HYDROGENASE; ELECTRODES; OXIDATION AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SANT) are promising candidates for use in energy conversion devices as an active photo-collecting elements, for dissociation of bound excitons and charge-transfer from photo-excited chromophores, or as molecular wires to transport charge. Hydrogenases are enzymes that efficiently catalyze the reduction of protons from a variety of electron donors to produce molecular hydrogen. Hydrogenases together with SWNT suggest a novel biohybrid material for direct conversion of sunlight into H-2. Here, we report changes in SNANT optical properties upon addition of recombinant [FeFe] hydrogenases from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Chlamydomonas reinhardth. We find evidence that novel and stable charge-transfer complexes are formed under conditions of the hydrogenase catalytic turnover, providing spectroscopic handles for further study and application of this hybrid system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chang, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI King, Paul/D-9979-2011 OI King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6798-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6650 BP 65011 EP 65011 AR 665011 DI 10.1117/12.736232 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX01 UT WOS:000251045700025 ER PT S AU Yan, Y Ahn, KS Shet, S Deutsch, T Huda, M Wei, SH Turner, J Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, Yanfa Ahn, K. -S. Shet, S. Deutsch, T. Huda, M. Wei, S. H. Turner, J. Al-Jassim, M. M. BE Guo, J TI Band gap reduction of ZnO for photoelectrochemical splitting of water - art. no. 66500H SO Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solay Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Varian DE ZnO; band gap reduction; photoelectrochemical splitting of water; thin film ID PHOTOCATALYSIS; ENERGY; TIO2 AB We combine first-principles density functional theory, material synthesis and characterization, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements to explore methods to effectively reduce the band gap of ZnO for the application of PEC water splitting. We find that the band gap reduction of ZnO can be achieved by N and Cu incorporation into ZnO. We have successfully synthesized ZnO:N thin films with various reduced band gaps by reactive RF magnetron sputtering. We further demonstrate that heavy Cu-incorporation lead to both p-type doping and band gap significantly reduced ZnO thin films. The p-type conductivity in our ZnO:Cu films is clearly revealed by Mott-Schottky plots. The band gap reduction and photoresponse with visible light for N- and Cu-incorporated ZnO thin films are demonstrated. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Huda, Muhammad/C-1193-2008; OI Huda, Muhammad/0000-0002-2655-498X; Deutsch, Todd/0000-0001-6577-1226 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6798-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6650 BP H6500 EP H6500 AR 66500H DI 10.1117/12.734950 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX01 UT WOS:000251045700012 ER PT S AU Chen, LX Liu, D Wasinger, EC Zhang, XY Attenkofer, K Jennings, G AF Chen, Lin X. Liu, Dijia Wasinger, Erik C. Zhang, Xiaoyi Attenkofer, Klaus Jennings, Guy BE Guo, J TI Ultrafast structural dynamics of photoactive metal complexes in solar hydrogen generation - art. no. 66500I SO Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solay Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Varian DE excited state structures; photocatalysis; hydrogen generation; solar energy conversion; metalloporphyrins ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE TECHNIQUE; EXCITED-STATE; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; CONDENSED-PHASE; PORPHYRINS; SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYSTS; OXYGEN; WATER AB Photoexcited states of metal complexes are precursors for many important photochemical processes in solution phase which lead to solar hydrogen generation. Therefore, knowing their structures with atomic resolution and sufficient time resolution is crucial in correlating structures with molecular properties. Using x-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy, transient metal oxidation states, coordination geometry, and atomic rearrangements during photochemical processes can be probed. Such an approach complements with ultrafast optical laser spectroscopy in obtaining kinetics and coherence information among different excited states as well as intra- and intermolecular energy/charge transfer processes associated with solar energy conversion. Excited state structures of transition metal complexes, such as metalloporphyrins in solution, created by photoexcitation have been studied by XTA combined with optical transient absorption spectroscopy. Direct evidences of photoinduced redox reactions and coordination geometry changes as well as electronic configurations of the metals can be observed. These experimental studies are combined with quantum mechanical calculations to rationalize the evolution of the ultrafast excited state pathways with electronic configuration changes that may be responsible for the reactivity of the molecules in solar hydrogen generation. Preliminary timeresolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) studies on Pt coated TiO2 nanoparticles during photocatalysis show a significant potential impact of XTA in understanding solar hydrogen production. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6798-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6650 BP I6500 EP I6500 AR 66500I DI 10.1117/12.745507 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX01 UT WOS:000251045700013 ER PT S AU King, PW Svedruzic, D Hambourger, M Gervaldo, M McDonald, T Blackburn, J Heben, M Gust, D Moore, AL Moore, TA Ghirardi, ML AF King, Paul W. Svedruzic, Drazenka Hambourger, Michael Gervaldo, Miguel McDonald, Tim Blackburn, Jeff Heben, Michael Gust, Devens Moore, Ana L. Moore, Thomas A. Ghirardi, Maria L. BE Guo, J TI Merging [FeFe]-hydrogenases with materials and nanomaterials as biohybrid catalysts for solar H-2 production - art. no. 66500J SO Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solay Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Varian DE hydrogenase; hydrogen; photoelectrochemical cell; single-walled-carbon-nanotubes ID IRON HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; EVOLUTION; CELL; MATURATION; COMPLEXES; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB The catalysts commonly used for the H-2 producing reaction in artificial solar systems are typically platinum or particulate platinum composites. Biological catalysts, the hydrogenases, exist in a wide-variety of microbes and are biosynthesized from abundant, non-precious metals. By virtue of a unique catalytic metallo-cluster that is composed of iron and sulfur, [FeFe]-hydrogenases are capable of catalyzing H-2 production at turnover rates of millimoles-per-second. In addition, these biological catalysts possess some of the characteristics that are desired for cost-effective solar H-2 production systems, high solubilities in aqueous solutions and low activation energies, but are sensitive to CO and O(2)We are investigating ways to merge [FeFe]-hydrogenases with a variety of organic materials and nanomaterials for the fabrication of electrodes and biohybrids as catalysts for use in artificial solar H-2 production systems. These efforts include designs that allow for the integration of [FeFe]-hydrogenase in dye-solar cells as models to measure solar conversion and H-2 production efficiencies. In support of a more fundamental understanding of [FeFe]-hydrogenase for these and other applications the role of protein structure in catalysis is being investigated. CurTently there is little known about the mechanism of how these and other enzymes couple multi-electron transfer to proton reduction. To further the mechanistic understanding of [FeFe]-hydrogenases, structural models for substrate transfer are being used to create enzyme variants for biochemical analysis. Here results are presented on investigations of proton-transfer pathways in [FeFe]-hydrogenase and their interaction with single-walled carbon nanotubes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP King, PW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI King, Paul/D-9979-2011 OI King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6798-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6650 BP J6500 EP J6500 AR 66500J DI 10.1117/12.736556 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX01 UT WOS:000251045700014 ER PT S AU Guo, JH AF Guo, Jinghua BE Guo, J TI Electronic structure characterization and bandgap engineering of solar hydrogen materials SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solay Hydrogen and Nanotechnology II CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Varian DE synchrotron radiation; electronic structure; photon-in/photon-out in-situ study; X-ray absorption ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALS; EXCITATION; PHOTOLYSIS; EMISSION; ARRAYS; WATER AB Bandgap, band edge positions as well as the overall band structure of semiconductors are of crucial importance in photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications. The energy position of the band edge level can be controlled by the electronegativity of the dopants, the pH of the solution (flatband potential variation of 60 mV per pH unit), as well as by quantum confinement effects. Accordingly, band edges and bandgap can be tailored to achieve specific electronic, optical or photocatalytic properties. Synchrotron radiation with photon energy at or below 1 keV is giving new insight into such areas as condensed matter physics and extreme ultraviolet optics technology. In the soft x-ray region, the question tends to be, what are the electrons doing as they migrated between the atoms. In this paper, I will present a number of soft x-ray spectroscopic study of nanostructured 3d metal compounds Fe2O3 and ZnO. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6798-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6650 AR 66500F DI 10.1117/12.734618 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX01 UT WOS:000251045700010 ER PT S AU Keister, JW AF Keister, Jeffrey W. BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI Silicon photodiodes for absolute soft x-ray radiometry SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE DE photodiode; calibration; radiometry; responsivity; beamline; x-ray; synchrotron ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SIO2/SI(111) INTERFACES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DETECTOR CALIBRATION; SELF-CALIBRATION; ULTRAVIOLET; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; BEAMLINE AB Absolute spectroscopic photocurrent calibration of detectors in the photon energy range of 50-6000 eV is performed at beamlines U3c and X8a of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These beamlines are specifically designed to provide high flux over a wide energy range, with particular attention paid to harmonic purity of the monochromatic beam. Examples of optics which enhance the beam purity include transmission foils and grazing-incidence mirrors. The AXUV-1006 silicon photodiode available from MD is used as a reference detector. Its relatively simple design, and the availability of x-ray optical data for silicon and silicon dioxide, permit application of the "self-calibration" method of estimating absolute response, typically to 2% accuracy or better. Characteristics of typical such diodes will be described, including spectroscopic responsivity and models, lot matching, electrical characteristics, visible and infrared light responsivity, and soft x-ray photon-induced damage. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Dept, SFA Inc, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Keister, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Dept, SFA Inc, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6689 AR 66890U DI 10.1117/12.741601 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300024 ER PT S AU Surdoval, WA AF Surdoval, Wayne A. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI US DOE Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc AB The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, in partnership with private industry, educational institutions, and national laboratories, is leading the research, development, and demonstration of high efficiency, fuel flexible solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and coal-based SOFC power generation systems for stationary markets. This Fuel Cell Program has three parts: Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) cost reduction, SECA fuel cell coal-based systems, and advanced SECA systems. The SECA cost reduction goal is to have SOFCs capable of being mass manufactured at $400 per kilowatt by 2010. Concurrently, the scale-up, aggregation, and integration of the technology will progress in parallel leading to prototype validation of megawatt-class products by 2012 with potential testing at FutureGen. The SECA coal-based and advanced systems goals are the development of megawatt-class fuel cell power systems that will enable affordable, reliable, efficient, and environmentally-friendly electrical power from coal. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Surdoval, WA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1149/1.2729067 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900002 ER PT S AU Tucker, MC Lau, GY Jacobson, CP DeJonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Tucker, Michael C. Lau, Grace Y. Jacobson, Craig P. DeJonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI Metal Supported SOFCs SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc AB Metal-supported thin-film YSZ SOFCs with infiltrated Ni and LSM catalysts are operated in the temperature range 650-750 degrees C. A five-layer structure consisting of porous metal support/porous YSZ interlayer/dense YSZ electrolyte film/porous YSZ interlayer/porous metal current collector is prepared at 1300 degrees C in reducing atmosphere. The cell is sealed and joined to a cell housing/gas manifold using a commercially-available braze. The porous YSZ interlayers are then infiltrated with Ni and LSM catalyst precursor solutions at low temperature prior to cell testing. Maximum power densities of 285 mW/cm(2) and 712 mW/cm(2) were achieved at 700 degrees C, with air and oxygen as oxidant, respectively. C1 [Tucker, Michael C.; Lau, Grace Y.; Jacobson, Craig P.; DeJonghe, Lutgard C.; Visco, Steven J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tucker, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1149/1.2729102 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900037 ER PT S AU Sholklapper, TZ Kurokawa, H Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Sholklapper, T. Z. Kurokawa, H. Jacobson, C. P. Visco, S. J. De Jonghe, L. C. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI Enhancing Cathode Performance and Anode Sulfur/Carbon Tolerance of SOFCs by Nano-Infiltration SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc AB The positive cost benefit associated with the use of metallic interconnects in SOFCs have led commercial developers to target operating temperatures in the range of 600 degrees C-800 degrees C; however maintaining high electrode performance at reduced temperatures remains a challenge. One approach to increase electrode performance is to enhance the active catalytic area by infiltrating the electrode with dispersed catalyst. LBNL has developed an infiltration method that deposits a continuous network of nanoparticles throughout existing electrodes, in a single processing step. In the case of mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) nanoparticles infiltrated into LSM-YSZ electrodes, electrode performance is greatly improved by both the catalytic properties of the MIEC and the triple-phase boundary extension across the surfaces of both the electrode and electrolyte particles in the electrode. The infiltration method has additionally been used to deposit MIEC nanoparticles in Ni-YSZ electrodes, leading not only to improved performance, but to impressive sulfur tolerance as well. C1 [Sholklapper, T. Z.; Kurokawa, H.; Jacobson, C. P.; Visco, S. J.; De Jonghe, L. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sholklapper, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1149/1.2729173 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900108 ER PT S AU Balachandran, U Lee, TH Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U. (Balu) Lee, Tae H. Dorris, Stephen E. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI SOFC Based on Proton Conductors SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS AB We have fabricated a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using BaCe(0.8)Y(0.2)O(x) (BCY20) proton conductor as the electrolyte. An approximate to 10-mu m-thick dense BCY film was prepared on a porous Ni/BCY cermet (i.e., ceramic/metal composite) substrate by a dip coating process. The gas-permeable Ni/BCY cermet substrate backed with nickel mesh was used as the anode, and a platinum paste backed with platinum mesh served as the cathode. The performance characteristics of the BCY-based SOFC were measured in the temperature range 450-800 degrees C using wet air on the cathode side and hydrogen on the anode side. The power density of the fuel cell was approximate to 90 and approximate to 1500 mW/cm(2) at 450 and 800 degrees C, respectively. C1 [Balachandran, U. (Balu); Lee, Tae H.; Dorris, Stephen E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 987 EP 992 DI 10.1149/1.2729194 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900129 ER PT S AU Wachsman, ED AF Wachsman, Eric D. BE Eguchi, K Singhai, SC Yokokawa, H Mizusaki, H TI Deconvolution of SOFC Cathode Polarization SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc AB Current SOFC performance is limited primarily by cathode polarization. In order to address this, we have undertaken a multifaceted, multi-disciplinary approach to deconvolute the various contributions to SOFC cathode polarization. This approach involves using catalysis techniques to determine the fundamental oxygen reduction mechanism, using a FIB/SEM to quantify the cathode microstructure, and relating kinetics and microstructure to electrochemical performance. The results to date are summarized. C1 Univ Florida, DOE, High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wachsman, ED (reprint author), Univ Florida, DOE, High Temp Electrochem Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-554-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1051 EP 1054 DI 10.1149/1.2729201 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME18 UT WOS:000271968900136 ER PT J AU Morrison, GB Raring, JW Wang, CS Skogen, EJ Chang, YC Sysak, M Coldren, LA AF Morrison, Gordon B. Raring, James W. Wang, Chad S. Skogen, Erik J. Chang, Yu-Chia Sysak, Matt Coldren, L. A. TI Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from band-edge absorption spectra of bulk, quantum-well, and quantum-well-intermixed InGaAsP structures SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE photocurrent spectroscopy; electroabsorption; modulator; quantum confined stark effect; franz-keldysh effect; chirp; exciton; bandwidth; quantum well; bulk material; tunable ID GRATING DBR LASER; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASER; PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION; CHIRP CHARACTERISTICS; DFB LASER; GAAS; DEPENDENCE; GAP AB Band-edge absorption spectra from bulk, quantum-well, and quantum-well-intermixed InGaAsP material are collected and compared using photocurrent spectroscopy. The expected performances of ideal electroabsorption modulators fabricated from these materials are predicted and compared using the band-edge absorption data. A graphical method for simultaneously considering chirp, insertion-loss, extinction-ratio, and tuning range is presented, and is used to compare the suitability of the various materials for electroabsorption modulator applications. The quantum-well material is shown to be superior to bulk material for most EAM applications. Quantum wells with 85 meV conduction band depth and 80 A width are shown to be superior to quantum wells with 120 meV conduction band depth and 65 A width. Both well designs exhibit strong excitons. Finally, the effect of quantum-well intermixing is considered, and the expected performances of quantum-well-intermixed electroabsorption modulators are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Apogee Photon, Allentown, PA 18106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Morrison, GB (reprint author), Apogee Photon, 6580 Snow Drift Rd, Allentown, PA 18106 USA. EM gordon.morrison@apogeephotonics.com NR 35 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.10.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 188EA UT WOS:000247900700004 ER PT S AU Balachandran, U Ma, B Lee, TH Song, SJ Chen, L Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U. Ma, Beibai Lee, Tae H. Song, Sun-Ju Chen, Ling Dorris, Stephen E. BE Traversa, E Armstrong, TR Masquelier, C Sadaoka, Y TI Mixed-conducting membranes for hydrogen production and separation SO SOLID-STATE IONICS-2006 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID DENSE CERAMIC MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DOPANTS; OXIDES AB Mixed-conducting oxides, possessing both ionic and electronic charge carriers, have found wide application in recent years in solid-state electrochemical devices that operate at high temperatures, e.g., solid-oxide fuel cells, batteries, and sensors. These materials also hold promise as dense ceramic membranes that separate gases such as oxygen and hydrogen from mixed-gas streams. We are developing Sr-Fe-Co oxide (SFC) as a membrane that selectively transports oxygen during partial oxidation of methane to syngas (mixture of CO and H-2) because of SFC's high combined electronic and ionic conductivities. We have evaluated extruded tubes of SFC for conversion of methane to syngas in a reactor that was operated at approximate to 900 degrees C-[AEI]. Methane conversion efficiencies were > 90%, and some of the reactor tubes were operated for > 1000 h. We are also developing dense proton-conducting oxides to separate pure hydrogen from product streams that are generated during methane reforming and coal gasification. Hydrogen selectivity in these membranes is nearly 100%, because they are free of interconnected porosity. Although most studies of hydrogen separation membranes have focused on proton-conducting oxides by themselves, we have developed cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membranes in which metal powder is mixed with these oxides in order to increase their hydrogen permeability. Using several feed gas mixtures, we measured the nongalvanic hydrogen permeation rate, or flux, for the cermet membranes in the temperature range of 500-900 degrees C. This rate varied linearly with the 2 inverse of membrane thickness. The highest rate, approximate to 32 cm(3)(STP)/min-cm(2), was measured at 900 degrees C for an approximate to 15-mu m-thick membrane on a porous support structure when 100% H-2 at ambient pressure was used as the feed gas. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-929-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 972 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGF44 UT WOS:000246435400001 ER PT S AU Balachandran, U Lee, TH Ma, B Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U. Lee, Tae H. Ma, Beihai Dorris, Stephen E. BE Traversa, E Armstrong, TR Masquelier, C Sadaoka, Y TI Solid oxide fuel cells based on proton conducting electrolytes SO SOLID-STATE IONICS-2006 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB We have fabricated a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using BaCe0.8Y0.2Ox (BCY) proton conductor as the electrolyte. An approximate to 15-mu m-thick dense BCY film was prepared on a porous Ni/BCY cermet (i.e., ceramic/metal composite) substrate by a colloidal spray deposition technique. The gas-permeable Ni/BCY cermet substrate backed with nickel mesh was used as the anode, and a platinum paste backed with platinum mesh served as the cathode. The current-voltage characteristics of the BCY-based SOFC were measured in the temperature range 600-800 degrees C using wet air on the cathode side and wet hydrogen on the anode side. The open-circuit voltage was close to the theoretical value at all operating temperatures. The power density of the fuel cell was approximate to 240 and approximate to 875 mW/cm(2) at 600 and 800 degrees C, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-929-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 972 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGF44 UT WOS:000246435400007 ER PT S AU Belharouak, I Lu, WQ Amine, K AF Belharouak, Ilias Lu, Wenquan Amine, Khalil BE Traversa, E Armstrong, TR Masquelier, C Sadaoka, Y TI Safety characteristics of the Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4 Li-ion battery SO SOLID-STATE IONICS-2006 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID CELLS AB The Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4 cell holds promise for safer operation of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, Li4+xTi5[AE1]O12 anode powder was prepared by chemical lithiation of Li4Ti5O12 in the presence of an excess of butylithium (LiC4H9) in hexane solution, and Li1-yMn2O4 cathode powder was prepared by chemical detithiation of LiMn2O4 spinel using NO2BF4 oxidizer in an acetonitrile medium. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the Li1-yMn2O4 releases oxygen starting at 200 degrees C with an overall oxygen loss of 6 wt% at 500 degrees C, whereas the Li4+xTi5O12 gains oxygen starting at 200 degrees C with an overall oxygen gain of 4 wt% at 500 degrees C. The reactivity of Li4+xTi5O12 and Li1-yMn2O4 powders in the presence of electrolyte was also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry between room temperature and 375 degrees C. ne results suggest that the Li4+xTi5O12 anode is thermally more stable compared with the conventional lithiated graphite anode. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-929-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 972 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGF44 UT WOS:000246435400048 ER PT S AU Martin, LP Woo, LY Glass, RS AF Martin, L. Peter Woo, Leta Y. Glass, Robert S. BE Traversa, E Armstrong, TR Masquelier, C Sadaoka, Y TI Impedancemetric technique for NOx sensing using a YSZ-based electrochemical cell SO SOLID-STATE IONICS-2006 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXIDE ELECTRODES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SENSOR; GASES AB An impedancemetric technique for NOx sensing using a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrochemical cell is reported. The cell consists of a dense YSZ substrate disk with two YSZ/metal-oxide electrodes deposited on the same side. The cell is completely exposed to the test gas (no air reference). The NO, and 02 response of the cell were evaluated during constant-frequency operation at frequencies in the range from 1 to 1000 Hz. At 10 Hz, the NOx response (as measured by phase angle shift) is shown to be linear with concentration over the range from 8-50 ppm, with comparable response to both NO and NO2. A method of operation is described which enables compensation for the O-2 response at oxygen concentrations greater than approximately 4%. This mode of operation allows the sensor to provide sub-10 ppm detection of NOx irrespective of the O-2 concentration. The sensor exhibits good stability during continuous operation for more than 150 hr. It was observed that the O-2 response of the cell may be too slow to be of practical use, taking several minutes to equilibrate after changing the concentration by a few percent. However, data will be presented which demonstrate that this response is related to the metal oxide used for the electrode, and that more rapid response times can be achieved by modification of the electrode material. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-929-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 972 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGF44 UT WOS:000246435400054 ER PT S AU Woo, LY Martin, LP Glass, RS Gorte, RJ AF Woo, Leta Y. Martin, L. Peter Glass, Robert S. Gorte, Raymond J. BE Traversa, E Armstrong, TR Masquelier, C Sadaoka, Y TI Impedance analysis of electrochemical NO, sensor using an Au/Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Au cell SO SOLID-STATE IONICS-2006 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid-State Ionics held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDE; ELECTRODES; DECOMPOSITION; POLARIZATION; CATHODES AB An electrochemical cell employing a YSZ electrolyte and two Au electrodes was utiized as a model system for investigating., the mechanisms responsible for impedancemetric NOx (NO and NO2) sensing. The cell consists of two dense Au electrodes on top of a porous/dense YSZ bilayer structure (with the additional porous layer present Only under the An electrodes). Both electrodes were co-located on the same side of the cell, resulting., in an in-plane geometry for the current path. The porous YSZ appears to extend the triple phase boundary and allows for enhanced NO,, sensing, performance, although the (exact role of the porous layer is not completely understood. Impedance darn were obtained over the frequency ran-c of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. and over a ran-c of oxygen (2 to 18.9%) and NOx, (10 to 100 ppm) concentrations, and temperatures (600 to 700 degrees C). Data were fitted with an equivalent circuit, and the values of the circuit elements were obtained for different concentrations and temperatures. changes in a single low-frequency are. were found to correlate with concentration changes, and to be temperature dependent. In the absence of the effect of O-2 Oil the low-frequency resistance could be described by a power law, NOx and the temperature, dependence described by a sin.-le apparent activation energy at all O-2 concentrations. When both O-2 and NOx were present, however, the power law exponent varied as a function of both temperature and concentration, and the apparent activation energy also showed dual dependence. Adsorption mechanisms are discussed as possibilities for the rate-limiting steps. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Woo, LY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-929-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 972 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGF44 UT WOS:000246435400055 ER PT S AU Bowers, M Burkhart, S Cohen, S AF Bowers, Mark Burkhart, Scott Cohen, Simon BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI The injection laser system on the national ignition facility - art. no. 64511M SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE lasers; high energy lasers; solid state lasers; fiber lasers ID PREAMPLIFIER; SUPPRESSION AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is currently the largest and most energetic laser system in the world. The main amplifiers are driven by the Injection Laser System comprised of the master oscillators, optical preamplifiers, temporal pulse shaping and spatial beam formatting elements and injection diagnostics. Starting with two fiber oscillators separated by up to a few angstroms, the pulse is phase modulated to suppress SBS and enhance spatial smoothing, amplified, split into 48 individual fibers, and then temporally shaped by an arbitrary waveform generator. Residual amplitude modulation induced in the preamplifiers from the phase modulation is also pre-compensated in the fiber portion of the system before it is injected into the 48 pre-amplifier modules (PAMs). Each of the PAMs amplifies the light from the 1 nJ fiber injection up to the multi-joule level in two stages. Between the two stages the pre-pulse is suppressed by 60 dB and the beam is spatially formatted to a square aperture with pre-compensation for the nonuniform gain profile of the main laser. The input sensor package is used to align the output of each PAM to the main laser and acquire energy, power, and spatial profiles for all shots. The beam transport sections split the beam from each PAM into four main laser beams (with optical isolation) forming the 192 beams of the NIF. Optical, electrical, and mechanical design considerations for long term reliability and availability will be discussed. Work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-Eng-48. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bowers, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP M4511 EP M4511 AR 64511M DI 10.1117/12.700478 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600046 ER PT S AU Wilcox, RB Schoenlein, RW AF Wilcox, R. B. Schoenlein, R. W. BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK Hodgson, N TI A high-average power femtosecond laser for synchrotron light source applications - art. no. 64510W SO Solid State Lasers XVI: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVI CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond laser; cryogenic cooling; Ti : sapphire; high repetition rate ID CHIRPED-PULSE AMPLIFICATION AB We describe a 60W, 70fs, 20kHz Ti:sapphire CPA laser system using cryogenically-cooled amplifiers, currently operating at the Advanced Light Source at LBNL. The system consists of an oscillator, a 20 kHz regenerative pre-amplifier, and two power amplifiers to produce two output beams, each at 30W. Each power amp can be pumped by two 90 Watt, 10 kHz, diode-pumped, doubled YLF lasers simultaneously (for 10 kHz) or interleaved in time (for 20 kHz). The regen is pumped at 20 kHz and 60W, producing 8W output which is split between the power amps. To maintain the crystals near the thermal conductivity peak at similar to 50 [sic]K, we used 300 Watt cryorefrigerators mechanically decoupled from the optical table. Pulses are compressed in a quartz transmission grating compressor, to minimize thermal distortions of the phase front typical of gold coated gratings at high power density. Transmission through the compressor is > 80%, using a single 100 x 100mm grating. One of the 30W output beams is used to produce 70fs electron bunches in the synchrotron light source. The other is delayed by 300ns in a 12-pass Herriot cell before amplification, to be synchronized with the short light pulse from the synchrotron. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilcox, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6564-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6451 BP W4510 EP W4510 AR 64510W DI 10.1117/12.708685 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BGC48 UT WOS:000246023600027 ER PT J AU Carrott, MJ Fox, OD Maher, CJ Mason, C Taylor, RJ AF Carrott, M. J. Fox, O. D. Maher, C. J. Mason, C. Taylor, R. J. TI Solvent extraction behavior of plutonium (IV) ions in the presence of simple hydroxamic acids SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE formohydroxamic acid; acetohydroxamic acid; advanced Purex; distribution coefficient; stability constant; actinide separations ID BENZOHYDROXAMIC ACID; NUCLEAR-FUEL; CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS; ORGANIC EXTRACTANTS; IRRADIATED FUELS; COMPLEXING POWER; PUREX PROCESS; COMPLEXATION; SIDEROPHORES; FLOWSHEETS AB Formo- and aceto-hydroxamic acids are very effective reagents for stripping Pu(IV) ions from a tri-butyl phosphate phase into nitric acid. Distribution data for Pu(IV) in the presence of these hydroxamate ions have been obtained and trends established. The affinity of aceto-hydroxamic acid for Pu(IV) ions and its selectivity over U(VI) ions is demonstrated by the values of the stability constants in HClO4. These data support the applications of simple hydroxamic acids in advanced Purex-type solvent extraction systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM robin.j.taylor@nexiasolutions.com NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 723 EP 745 DI 10.1080/07366290701634560 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 227PB UT WOS:000250669200003 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Herbst, RS Tillotson, RD Mezyk, SP AF Mincher, B. J. Herbst, R. S. Tillotson, R. D. Mezyk, S. P. TI gamma-radiation effects on the performance of HCCD-PEG for Cs and Sr extraction SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE cesium; dicarbollide; polyethylene glycol; strontium; radiolysis; sulfone ID HYDROXYL RADICALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WASTE; STRONTIUM; CESIUM AB Cobalt dicarbollide and polyethylene glycol in phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone (HCCD/PEG in FS-13) is currently under consideration for use in the process-scale selective extraction of fission product cesium and strontium from acidic radioactive solutions. While the Cs and Sr solvent extraction efficiency of this formulation has been previously characterized, this solvent will be exposed to high radiation doses during use, and has not been adequately investigated for radiation stability. Here, HCCD/PEG was gamma-irradiated to various absorbed doses, to a maximum of 432 kGy, using Co-60. Irradiations were performed for the neat organic phase, and also for the organic phase in contact with 1 M-nitric acid mixed by air sparging. Post-irradiation solvent extraction measurements showed that Cs distribution ratios were unaffected; however, strontium distribution ratios decreased with the absorbed dose under both conditions. The decrease in the extraction efficiency for strontium was greater when in contact with the aqueous phase. The stripping performance was not affected. A mechanism, based on reaction with the products of direct diluent radiolysis, is proposed to explain the decreases in the strontium extraction efficiency. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.1080/07366290701634438 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 227PB UT WOS:000250669200004 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Marcille, TF Kapernick, RJ Hiatt, MT Amiri, BW AF Poston, David I. Marcille, Thomas F. Kapernick, Richard J. Hiatt, Matthew T. Amiri, Benjamin W. BE ElGenk, MS TI Evaluation of metal-fueled surface reactor concepts SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface fission power; metal fuel AB Surface fission power systems for use on the Moon and Mars may provide the first use of near-term reactor technology in space. Most near-term surface reactor concepts specify reactor temperatures < 1000 K to allow the use of established material and power conversion technology and minimize the impact of the in-situ environment. Metal alloy fuels (e.g. U-10Zr and U-10W) have not traditionally been considered for space reactors because of high-temperature requirements, but they might be an attractive option for these lower temperature surface power missions. In addition to temperature limitations, metal fuels are also known to swell significantly at rather low fuel burnups (similar to 1 a/o), but near-term surface missions can mitigate this concern as well, because power and lifetime requirements generally keep fuel burnups < 1 a/o. If temperature and swelling issues are not a concern, then a surface reactor concept may be able to benefit from the high uranium density and relative ease of manufacture of metal fuels. This paper investigates two reactor concepts that utilize metal fuels. It is found that these concepts compare very well to concepts that utilize other fuels (UN, UO2, UZrH) on a mass basis, while also providing the potential to simplify material safeguards issues. C1 [Poston, David I.; Marcille, Thomas F.; Kapernick, Richard J.; Hiatt, Matthew T.; Amiri, Benjamin W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hiatt, Matthew T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Amiri, Benjamin W.] Univ Florida, Nucl Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM poston@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration - Department of Energy or Marshall Space Flight Center FX This paper was written with Los Alamos National Laboratory internal funding. The technical work that provided the foundation for much of this paper was performed with funding from the National Aeronautic and Aerospace Administration as directed by either the Department of Energy or the Marshall Space Flight Center. The views expressed are solely those of the authors, and do not represent any government agency. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 149 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500018 ER PT S AU Wright, SA AF Wright, Steven A. BE ElGenk, MS TI Non-nuclear validation test results of a closed brayton cycle test-loop SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE Brayton cycle; closed Brayton cycle; CBC; brayton; Brayton test; Brayton test hardware; Brayton cycle test-loop; Brayton cycle validation tests; non-nuclear testing; power conversion; heat engine AB Both NASA and DOE have programs that are investigating advanced power conversion cycles for planetary surface power on the moon or Mars, or for next generation nuclear power plants on earth. Although open Brayton cycles are in use for many applications (combined cycle power plants, aircraft engines), only a few closed Brayton cycles have been tested. Experience with closed Brayton cycles coupled to nuclear reactors is even more limited and current projections of Brayton cycle performance are based on analytic models. This report describes and compares experimental result,; with model predictions from a series of non-nuclear tests using a small scale closed loop Brayton cycle available at Sandia National Laboratories. A substantial amount of testing has been performed, and the information is being used to help validate models. In this report we summarize the results from three kinds of tests. These tests include: 1) test results that are useful for validating the characteristic flow curves of the turbomachmery for various gases ranging from ideal gases (Ar or Ar/He) to non-ideal gases such as CO2, 2) test results that represent shut down transients and decay heat removal capability of Brayton loops after reactor shut down, and 3) tests that map a range of operating power versus shaft speed curve and turbine inlet temperature that are useful for predicting stable operating conditions during both normal and off-normal operating behavior. These tests reveal significant interactions between the reactor and balance of plant. Specifically these results predict limited speed up behavior of the turbomachinery caused by loss of load, the conditions for stable operation, and for direct cooled reactors, the tests reveal that the coast down behavior during loss of power events can extend for hours provided the ultimate heat sink remains available. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500019 ER PT S AU Moddeman, WE Barklay, CD Birkbeck, JC Miller, RG Allard, LF Kramer, DP AF Moddeman, William E. Barklay, Chadwick D. Birkbeck, Janine C. Miller, Roger G. Allard, Lawrence F. Kramer, Daniel P. BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermodynamic prediction of compositional phases confirmed by transmission electron Microscopy on tantalum-based alloy weldments SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE tantalum; hafnium; welding AB Tantalum alloys have been used by the U.S. Department of Energy as structural alloys for radioisotope based thermal to electrical power systems since the 1960s. Tantalum alloys are attractive for high temperature structural applications due to their high melting point excellent formability, good thermal conductivity, good ductility (even at low temperatures), corrosion resistance, and weldability. Tantalum alloys have demonstrated sufficient high-temperature toughness to survive prolonged exposure to the radioisotope power-system working environment. Typically, the fabrication of power systems requires the welding of various components including the structural members made of tantalum alloys. Issues such as thennodynamics, lattice structure, weld pool dynamics, material purity and contamination, and welding atmosphere purity all potentially confound the understanding of the differences between the weldment properties of the different tantalum-based alloys. The objective of this paper is to outline the thermodynamically favorable material phases in tantalum alloys, with and without small amounts of hafnium, during and following solidification, based on the results derived from the FactSage (c) Integrated Thermodynamic Databank. In addition, Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) data will show for the first time, the changes occurring in the HfC before and after welding, and the data will elucidate the role HfC plays in pinning grain boundaries. C1 [Moddeman, William E.; Birkbeck, Janine C.] BWXT Pantex, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. [Barklay, Chadwick D.; Kramer, Daniel P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Miller, Roger G.; Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moddeman, WE (reprint author), BWXT Pantex, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. EM bmoddema@pantex.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500027 ER PT S AU Dixon, DD Marsh, CL Poston, DI AF Dixon, David D. Marsh, Christopher L. Poston, David I. BE ElGenk, MS TI PID control effectiveness for surface reactor concepts SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface fission power; reactor dynamics; nuclear kinetics AB Control of space and surface fission reactors should be kept as simple as possible, because of the need for high reliability and the difficulty to diagnose and adapt to control system failures. Fortunately, compact fast-spectrum, externally controlled reactors are very simple in operation. In fact for some applications it may be possible to design low-power surface reactors without the need for any reactor control after startup; however, a simple proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller can allow a higher performance concept and add more flexibility to system operation. This paper investigates the effectiveness of a PID control scheme for several anticipated transients that a surface reactor might experience. To perform these analyses, the surface reactor transient code FRINK was modified to simulate control drum movements based on bulk coolant temperature. C1 [Dixon, David D.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marsh, Christopher L.] United States Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. [Dixon, David D.; Marsh, Christopher L.; Poston, David I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dixon, DD (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM poston@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This paper was written with Los Alamos National Laboratory internal funding. The views expressed are solely those of the authors, and do not represent any government agency NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 254 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500030 ER PT S AU Harmon, BA Bohne, WA AF Harmon, B. Alan Bohne, William A. BE ElGenk, MS TI A look back at assembly and test of the new horizons radioisotope power system SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space nuclear power; radioisotope thermoelectric generator; RTG; GPHS-RTG; Pluto; New Horizons mission AB The New Horizons mission to Pluto (PNH) was launched on January 19, 2006, from the Kennedy Space Center with one General Purpose Heat Source-Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (GPHS-RTG) providing electrical and thermal power for the spacecraft. The spacecraft is scheduled to swing by Jupiter in February 2007 on a gravity assist trajectory, and is expected to reach the Pluto-Charon system by July 2015. As of beginning of space vacuum operation, the GPHS-RTG was providing close to 246 watts of electrical power and should be near 200 watts at close approach to Pluto. The GPHS-RTG for PNH is of essentially the same design as was used successfully on the Galileo, Ulysses and Cassini missions; however, time, resource, and environmental constraints imparted some unique aspects to the development program. The unavailability of a full complement of fresh plutonium oxide fuel, in particular, made it necessary to recover older inventory fuel from a 20-year old un-flown GPHS-RTG that had served as a backup unit for prior GPHS-RTG missions. The combination of fresh and older fuel for the PNH GPHS-RTG required special test and assembly activities, with the knowledge that the unit would be operating under somewhat off-nominal conditions than its predecessors. We highlight some of these assembly and test differences from the "in tanfily" processing and performance of the previous GPHS-RTGs. C1 [Harmon, B. Alan; Bohne, William A.] US DOE, Space & Def Power Syst, NE-50, Germantwon, MD 20874 USA. RP Harmon, BA (reprint author), US DOE, Space & Def Power Syst, NE-50, Germantwon, MD 20874 USA. EM alan.harmon@nuclear.energy.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 339 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500039 ER PT S AU Swank, WD Carmack, J Werner, JE Pink, RJ Haggard, DC Johnson, R AF Swank, W. David Carmack, Jon Werner, James E. Pink, Robert J. Haggard, DeLon C. Johnson, Ryan BE ElGenk, MS TI Hot hydrogen test facility SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE nuclear thermal rocket; hydrogen; testing ID REACTOR AB The core in a nuclear thermal rocket will operate at high temperatures and in hydrogen. One of the important parameters in evaluating the performance of a nuclear thermal rocket is specific impulse, I-SP. This quantity is proportional to the square root of the propellant's absolute temperature and inversely proportional to square root of its molecular weight. Therefore, high temperature hydrogen is a favored propellant of nuclear thermal rocket designers. Previous work has shown that one of the life-limiting phenomena for thermal rocket nuclear cores is mass loss of fuel to flowing hydrogen at high temperatures. The hot hydrogen test facility located at the Idaho National Lab (INL) is designed to test suitability of different core materials in 2500 degrees C hydrogen flowing at 1500 liters per minute. The facility is intended to test low activity uranium containing materials but is also suited for testing cladding and coating materials. In this first installment the facility is described. Automated data acquisition, flow and temperature control, vessel compatibility with various core geometries and overall capabilities are discussed. C1 [Swank, W. David; Carmack, Jon; Werner, James E.; Pink, Robert J.; Haggard, DeLon C.; Johnson, Ryan] Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Swank, WD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM W.Swank@INL.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-ACO7-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-ACO7-05ID14517. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 380 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500044 ER PT S AU Miller, WO Wang, M Shih, W Ramirez, R Beach, D Youchison, D Lenard, R Liguori, J Liguori, E AF Miller, W. O. Wang, Mike Shih, Wei Ramirez, Rogelio Beach, Duane Youchison, Dennis Lenard, Roger Liguori, Justin Liguori, Ed BE ElGenk, MS TI An ultra-lightweight, high performance carbon-carbon space radiators SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE carbon-carbon material; carbonizing carbon-carbon to metal; titanium heat pipe; metal to carbon foam brazing; space radiator; carbon-carbon radiator sandwich panels AB Propulsion systems for deep space exploration that rely on nuclear energy require innovative advancements in radiator technology, both materials and construction technique, to meet the demands associated with high rejection temperatures. A five fold reduction in radiator specific mass is achievable and will be needed to meet the demanding challenge of space exploration. Our development of a carbon-carbon (C-C) based radiator design unaffected by long term exposure to high temperature and radiation has wide ranging application, for both small and large power conversion systems. Our results stem from a NASA SBIR program focused on demonstrating thermal performance in a high temperature carbon-carbon (C-C) radiator configured with titanium water-heat pipes, using approximately 500 K water for the working fluid. However, joining strategy and material choices employed are appropriate for very high temperature alkali fluids. Distinct design advantages of carbon-carbon material are its low density, unlimited life, and ability to tailor its physical properties through fiber selection, fiber orientation, and special processing. We will report on our experience in joining of titanium to carbonized materials through direct carbonization and brazing. Results of thermal tests at Sandia National Laboratories on a I kW thermal radiator will be presented, along with construction progress and testing of a 2.6 m(2) sandwich radiator for NASA Glenn. C1 [Miller, W. O.; Wang, Mike; Shih, Wei; Ramirez, Rogelio] Allcomp Corp, City Of Industry, CA 91746 USA. [Beach, Duane] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Youchison, Dennis; Lenard, Roger] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liguori, Justin; Liguori, Ed] Scarrott Metallurgical Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. RP Miller, WO (reprint author), Allcomp Corp, City Of Industry, CA 91746 USA. EM bill.miller@allcomp.net OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 FU NASA Glenn Research Center [NNC04CA03C] FX This program was sponsored by NASA Glenn Research Center under Contract NNC04CA03C. Duane Beach technically monitored our Phase I and Phase II program efforts, in addition to providing valuable guidance.; Dennis Youchison and Roger Lenard provided much needed technical and facility resources during the test and evaluation phase of our program, for which we are extremely grateful. Our appreciation is also extended to their staff, J.M. McDonald, T.J. Lutz, F.J. Bauer, and K.P. Troncosa who were responsible for test assembly, testing, and data monitoring and recording.; Technical issues associated with brazing dissimilar materials were very effectively dealt with through the expertise of Ed and Justin Liguor NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 421 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500049 ER PT S AU Pearson, JB Stewart, ET Reid, RS AF Pearson, J. Boise Stewart, Eric T. Reid, Robert S. BE ElGenk, MS TI Experimental evaluation of the thermal performance of a water shield for a surface power reactor SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE fission; reactor; structural; shield; material ID DESIGN AB Water based reactor shielding is being investigated for use on initial lunar surface power systems. A water shield may lower overall cost (as-compared to development cost for other materials) and simplify operations in the setup and handling. The thermal hydraulic performance of the shield is of significant interest. The mechanism for transferring heat through the shield is natural convection. Natural convection in a 100 kWt lunar surface reactor shield design is evaluated with 2 kW power input to the water in the Water Shield Testbed (WST) at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The experimental data from the WST is used to validate a CFD model. Performance of the water shield on the lunar surface is then predicted with a CFD model anchored to test data. The experiment had a maximum water temperature of 75 degrees C. The CFD model with 1/6-g predicts a maximum water temperature of 88 degrees C with the same heat load and external boundary conditions. This difference in maximum temperature does not greatly affect the structural design of the shield, and demonstrates that it may be possible to use water for a lunar reactor shield. C1 [Pearson, J. Boise; Stewart, Eric T.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Reid, Robert S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pearson, JB (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM j.boise.pearson@nasa.gov FU NASA through the Prometheus Program in support of the Vision for Space Exploration FX The authors wish to recognize the contributions of the following members of the Marshall Space Flight Center EFFTF team: Kenny Webster, Roger Harper, Gene Fant, Jason Berry, and Stan MacDonald. This work was funded by NASA through the Prometheus Program in support of the Vision for Space Exploration. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 430 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500050 ER PT S AU Amiri, BW Kapernick, RJ Sims, BT Simpson, SP AF Amiri, Benjamin W. Kapernick, Richard J. Sims, Bryan T. Simpson, Steven P. BE ElGenk, MS TI A new capability for nuclear thermal propulsion design SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE Nuclear Thermal Propulsion; NTP; core nuclear; mechanical and thermal design AB This paper describes a new capability for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) design that has been developed, and presents the results of some analyses performed with this design tool. The purpose of the tool is to design to specified mission and material limits, while maximizing system thrust to weight. The head end of the design tool utilizes the ROCket Engine Transient Simulation (ROCETS) code to generate a system design and system design requirements as inputs to the core analysis. ROCETS is a modular system level code which has been used extensively in the liquid rocket engine industry for many years. The core design tool performs high-fidelity reactor core nuclear and thermal-hydraulic; design analysis. At the heart of this process are two codes TMSS-NTP and NTPgen, which together greatly automate the analysis, providing the capability to rapidly produce designs that meet all specified requirements while minimizing mass. A PERL based command script, called CORE DESIGNER controls the execution of these two codes, and checks for convergence throughout the process. TMSS-NTP is executed first, to produce a suite of core designs that meet the specified reactor core mechanical, thermal-hydraulic and structural requirements. The suite of designs consists of a set of core layouts and, for each core layout specific designs that span a range of core fuel volumes. NTPgen generates MCNPX models for each of the core designs from TMSS-NTP. Iterative analyses are performed in NTPgen until a reactor design (fuel volume) is identified for each core layout that meets cold and hot operation reactivity requirements and that is zoned to meet a radial core power distribution requirement. C1 [Amiri, Benjamin W.; Kapernick, Richard J.; Sims, Bryan T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Amiri, Benjamin W.] Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sims, Bryan T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Simpson, Steven P.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Amiri, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwamiri@lanl.gov FU NASA Marshall Space Flight Center FX The development of the design process described in this paper was funded by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The authors wish to give thanks to Dr. Karl Nelson and Mr. Wayne Bordelon at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center for their support in this effort. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 438 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500051 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Dixon, DD Marcille, TF Amiri, BW AF Poston, David I. Dixon, David D. Marcille, Thomas F. Amiri, Benjamin W. BE ElGenk, MS TI FRINK - A code to evaluate space reactor transients SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE space reactor; surface power; fission; reactor dynamics; nuclear kinetics ID COOLED SURFACE REACTOR AB One of the biggest needs for space reactor design and development is detailed system modeling. Most proposed space fission systems are very different from previously operated fission power systems, and extensive testing and modeling will be required to demonstrate integrated system performance. There are also some aspects of space reactors that make them unique from most terrestrial application, and require different modeling approaches. The Fission Reactor Integrated Nuclear Kinetics (FRINK) code was developed to evaluate simplified space reactor transients (note: the term "space reactor" inherently includes planetary and lunar surface reactors). FRINK is an integrated point kinetic/thermal-hydraulic transient analysis FORTRAN code - "integrated" refers to the simultaneous solution of the thermal and neutronic equations. In its current state FRINK is a very simple system model, perhaps better referred to as a reactor model. The "system" only extends to the primary loop power removal boundary condition; however this allows the simulation of simplified transients (e.g. loss of primary heat sink, loss of flow, large reactivity insertion, etc.), which are most important in bounding early system conceptual design. FRINK could then be added to a complete system model later in the design and development process as system design matures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 449 EP 457 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500052 ER PT S AU Wright, SA AF Wright, Steven A. BE ElGenk, MS TI Supercritical Brayton cycle nuclear power system concepts SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE supercritical Brayton cycle; Closed Brayton Cycle; supercritical Brayton; Brayton; alternative Brayton; alternative Brayton cycle; power conversion; heat engine; supercritical heat engine; space Brayton engine; space nuclear power; SCBC AB Both the NASA and DOE have programs that are investigating advanced power conversion cycles for planetary surface power on the moon or Mars, and for next generation nuclear power plants on earth. The gas Brayton cycle offers many practical solutions for space nuclear power systems and was selected as the nuclear power system of choice for the NASA Prometheus project. An alternative Brayton cycle that offers high efficiency at a lower reactor coolant outlet temperature is the supercritical Brayton cycle (SCBC). The supercritical cycle is a true Brayton cycle because it uses a single phase fluid with a compressor inlet temperature that is just above the critical point of the fluid. This paper describes the use of a supercritical Brayton cycle that achieves a cycle efficiency of 26.6% with a peak coolant temperature of 750 K and for a compressor inlet temperature of 390 K. The working fluid uses a clear odorless, nontoxic refrigerant C318 perflurocarbon (C4F8) that always operates in the gas phase. This coolant was selected because it has a critical temperature and pressure of 388.38 K and 2.777 MPa. The relatively high critical temperature allows for efficient thermal radiation that keeps the radiator mass small. The SCBC achieves high efficiency because the loop design takes advantage of the non-ideal nature of the coolant equation of state just above the critical point. The lower coolant temperature means that metal fuels, uranium oxide fuels, and uranium zirconium hydride fuels with stainless steel, ferretic steel, or superalloy cladding can be used with little mass penalty or reduction in cycle efficiency. The reactor can use liquid-metal coolants and no high temperature heat exchangers need to be developed. Indirect gas cooling or perhaps even direct gas cooling can be used if the C4F8 coolant is found to be sufficiently radiation tolerant. Other fluids can also be used in the supercritical Brayton cycle including Propane (C3H8, T-critical = 369 K) and Hexane (C6H14, T-critical = 506.1 K) provided they have adequate chemical compatibility and stability. Overall the use of supercritical Brayton cycles may offer "break through" operating capabilities for space nuclear power plants because high efficiencies can be achieved a very low reactor operating temperatures which in turn allows for the use of available fuels, cladding, and structural materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500065 ER PT S AU Bragg-Sitton, SM Dickens, R Dixon, D Kapernick, R Adams, M Davis, J AF Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M. Dickens, Ricky Dixon, David Kapernick, Richard Adams, Mike Davis, Joe BE ElGenk, MS TI Development of high fidelity, fuel-like thermal simulators for non-nuclear testing SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE non-nuclear testing; thermal simulators; electrical heaters ID DESIGN AB Non-nuclear testing can be a valuable tool in the development of a space nuclear power or propulsion system. In a non-nuclear test bed, electric heaters are used to simulate the heat from nuclear fuel. Work at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center seeks to develop high fidelity thermal simulators that not only match the static power profile that would be observed in an operating, fueled nuclear reactor, but also match the dynamic fuel pin performance during feasible transients. Comparison between the fuel pins and thermal simulators is made at the outer fuel clad surface, which corresponds to the outer sheath surface in the thermal simulator. The thermal simulators that are currently being developed are designed to meet the geometric and power requirements of a proposed surface power reactor design, accommodate testing of various axial power profiles, and incorporate imbedded instrumentation. Static and dynamic fuel pin performances for a proposed reactor design have been determined using SINDA/FLUINT thermal analysis software, and initial comparison has been made between the expected nuclear performance and the performance of conceptual thermal simulator designs. Through a series of iterative analysis, a conceptual high fidelity design will be developed, followed by engineering design, fabrication, and testing to validate the overall design process. Although the resulting thermal simulator will be designed for a specific reactor concept, establishing this rigorous design process will assist in streamlining the thermal simulator development for other reactor concepts. This paper presents the current status of high fidelity thermal simulator design relative to a SNAP derivative reactor design that could be applied for Lunar surface power. C1 [Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Dickens, Ricky; Adams, Mike; Davis, Joe] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Nucl Syst Branch ER24, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Dixon, David; Kapernick, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dixon, David] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Bragg-Sitton, SM (reprint author), NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Nucl Syst Branch ER24, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM Shannon.M.Bragg-Sitton@nasa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 605 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500066 ER PT S AU Maise, G Powell, J Powell, J Paniagua, J Ludewig, H AF Maise, George Powell, James Powell, Jesse Paniagua, John Ludewig, Hans BE ElGenk, MS TI Multi-MICE: Nuclear powered mobile probes to explore deep interiors of the ice sheets on Mars and the Jovian moons SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - STAIF 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE planetary exploration; Mars polar caps; nuclear space power AB The multi-kilometer thick Polar Caps on Mars contain unique and important data about the multi-million year history of its climate, geology, meteorology, volcanology, cosmic ray and solar activity, and meteor impacts. They also may hold evidence of past life on Mars, including microbes, microfossils and biological chemicals. The objective of this paper is to describe a probe that can provide access to the data locked in the Polar Caps. The MICE (Mars Ice Cap Explorer) system would explore the Polar Cap interiors using mobile probes powered by compact, lightweight nuclear reactors. The probes would travel 100's of meters per day along melt channels in the ice sheets created by hot water jets from the 500 kW(th) nuclear reactors, ascending and descending, either vertically or at an angle to the vertical, reaching bedrock at kilometers beneath the surface. The powerful reactor will be necessary to provide sufficient hot water at high velocity to penetrate the extensive horizontal dust/sand layers that separate layers of ice in the Mars Ice Caps. MICE reactors can operate at 500 kW(th) for more than 4 years, and much longer in practice, since power level win be much lower when the probes are investigating locations in detail at low or zero speed. Multiple probes, e.g. six, would be deployed in an interactive network, continuously communicating by RF and acoustic signals with each other and with the surface lander spacecraft. In turn, the lander would continuously communicate in real time, subject to speed of light delays, with scientists on Earth to transmit data and receive instructions for the MICE probes. Samples collected by the probes could be brought to the lander, for return to the Earth at the end of the mission. C1 [Maise, George; Powell, James; Paniagua, John] Plus Ultra Technol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Powell, Jesse] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ludewig, Hans] Upton, Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11974 USA. RP Maise, G (reprint author), Plus Ultra Technol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM maise@optonline.net FU NIAC FX Foremost, the authors wish to express their deep appreciation to NIAC and to its director Dr. Robert Cassanova for financial support and technical guidance of this program. (Note: A more detailed description of this work is on the NIAC Home Page.) In addition, the authors wish to thank Mr. Charles Spataro and Ms. Barbara Roland for preparation of this paper and Ms. Judy Otto, Mr. Richard Tulipano, and Mr. Steve Dockter for the many graphics in this paper. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 878 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500096 ER PT S AU Nielsen, R AF Nielsen, Roy BE ElGenk, MS TI Symbiotic relationship of man and machine in space colonization SO Space Technology and Applications International Forum - STAIF 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2007) CY FEB 11-15, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Idaho Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Sandia Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, ASME, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerospace Contract Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies DE robotics; robots; unmanned vehicles; integration; interdisciplinary; automation; increase productivity AB It is vital that space colonies and settlements be able to maximize any possible advantages to improve survival of both man and machines. An array of human and machine solutions and operations can be utilized to not only enhance safety, but to also increase productivity. For many years robots have been simply a part of science fiction. Funding for robot technology and development is hard to acquire and to maintain. Robot technology needs to reach "critical mass" in order to break the barrier of acceptance from funding organizations. Other technologies have overcome this hurdle and, by learning from and building on their experiences, this will generate funding and acceptance to propel robot technology in support of space colonization to a much sooner reality. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Nielsen, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0386-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 880 BP 888 EP 895 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BFX19 UT WOS:000245240500097 ER PT J AU Wang, W Wu, MM Liu, GK AF Wang, W. Wu, Mingmei Liu, G. K. TI Analysis of upconversion fluorescence dynamics in NaYF4 codoped with Er3+ and Yb3+ SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE excited state dynamics; green phosphor; unconversion fluorescence ID RARE-EARTH IONS; PHOSPHORS; GREEN; LUMINESCENCE; NAYF4-YB,ER; LANTHANIDE; BLUE AB The efficiency of upconversion fluorescence for Er3+ and Yb3+ codoped into NaYF4 powder crystals is investigated. The dependence of Er3+ green (540 nm) and red (660 nm) upconversion fluorescence intensities on laser excitation intensity and the ratio of the green and red fluorescence intensities respectively under 355-nm and 936-nm excitations have been measured and analyzed in terms of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms. It is shown that the intensity of both the green and red upconversion fluorescence bands is affected at high pumping intensities by a low-lying state acting as a bottleneck, with the red fluorescence less affected than the green. In addition to two-photon, two-step excitation and energy transfer processes, nonlinear optical coupling mechanisms of avalanche processes appear responsible for reducing the bottleneck saturation of the red upconversion fluorescence. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sun Yat Sen Univ, State Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1080/00387010701247399 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 158JN UT WOS:000245787900007 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Hanson, PJ Todd, DE Lu, BB Brice, DJ AF Garten, Charles T., Jr. Hanson, Paul J. Todd, Donald E., Jr. Lu, Bonnie B. Brice, Deanne J. BE Michener, R Lajtha, K TI Natural N-15- and C-13-abundance as indicators of forest nitrogen status and soil carbon dynamics SO STABLE ISOTOPES IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, 2ND EDITION SE Ecological Methods and Concepts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; ELEVATION GRADIENT; LITTER QUALITY; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; DELTA-C-13 SIGNATURE C1 [Garten, Charles T., Jr.; Hanson, Paul J.; Todd, Donald E., Jr.; Lu, Bonnie B.; Brice, Deanne J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-0-470-69185-4 J9 ECOL METHOD CONCEPT PY 2007 BP 61 EP 82 DI 10.1002/9780470691854.ch3 D2 10.1002/9780470691854 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BEE45 UT WOS:000316289000004 ER PT J AU Chen, J van der Laan, MJ Smith, MT Hubbard, AE AF Chen, Jinsong van der Laan, Mark J. Smith, Martyn T. Hubbard, Alan E. TI A comparison of methods to control type I errors in microarray studies SO STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarrays; experiment-wise error rates; permutation methods; bootstrap; adjusted p-values AB Microarray studies often need to simultaneously examine thousands of genes to determine which are differentially expressed. One main challenge in those studies is to find suitable multiple testing procedures that provide accurate control of the error rates of interest and meanwhile are most powerful, that is, they return the longest list of truly interesting genes among competitors. Many multiple testing methods have been developed recently for microarray data analysis, especially resampling based methods, such as permutation methods, the null-centered and scaled bootstrap (NCSB) method, and the quantile-transformed-bootstrap-distribution (QTBD) method. Each of these methods has its own merits and limitations. Theoretically permutation methods can fail to provide accurate control of Type I errors when the so-called subset pivotality condition is violated. The NCSB method does not suffer from that limitation, but an impractical number of bootstrap samples are often needed to get proper control of Type I errors. The newly developed QTBD method has the virtues of providing accurate control of Type I errors under few restrictions. However, the relative practical performance of the above three types of multiple testing methods remains unresolved. This paper compares the above three resampling based methods according to the control of family wise error rates (FWER) through data simulations. Results show that among the three resampling based methods, the QTBD method provides relatively accurate and powerful control in more general circumstances. C1 [Chen, Jinsong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [van der Laan, Mark J.; Smith, Martyn T.; Hubbard, Alan E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM jchen@lbl.gov; laan@stat.berkeley.edu; martynts@berkeley.edu; hubbard@stat.berkeley.edu RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1544-6115 J9 STAT APPL GENET MOL JI Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. PY 2007 VL 6 AR 28 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 251PZ UT WOS:000252387100003 ER PT B AU Hugeback, A Coram, MA Jester, S AF Hugeback, Angela Coram, Marc A. Jester, Sebastian BE Babu, GJ Feigelson, ED TI The quasar luminosity function as a non-homogeneous poisson process SO STATISTICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN ASTRONOMY IV SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB The Quasar Luminosity Function (QLF) is the spatial density of quasars as a function of absolute optical magnitude M and redshift z. Following the work of Richards et al. (2006), this paper presents a flexible parametric model of quasars as a non-homogeneous poisson process over the M x z space. Our contribution to this model allows for the introduction of higher-order terms if warranted by the data. At present, M and z are treated as separable as is commonly done (Fan et al. 2001), however we plan to extend our model to account for the dependency apparent in the data. Parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The performance of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection is examined on simulated data sets and a preliminary fitted model for SDSS quasar data is reported. C1 [Hugeback, Angela; Coram, Marc A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, 5734 S Univ Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jester, Sebastian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hugeback, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, 5734 S Univ Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-240-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 371 BP 417 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields; Statistics & Probability SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Mathematics GA BHB12 UT WOS:000252032000048 ER PT B AU Morris, RD Cohen-Tanugi, J AF Morris, Robin D. Cohen-Tanugi, Johann BE Babu, GJ Feigelson, ED TI Event analysis for GLAST - A detailed statistical analysis SO STATISTICAL CHALLENGES IN MODERN ASTRONOMY IV SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy Conference CY JUN 12-15, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ AB We are developing a Bayesian statistical methodology for the analysis of events from the upcoming GLAST LAT (Large Area Telescope). The response of the LAT to an event is the set of silicon microstrips which fired. From this set of microstrips the energy and direction of the incident photon or particle must be determined, and a determination made as to the type of particle that was incident. Bayesian methodology allows the construction of two distributions. The first is the distribution over the energy and direction, given that the type of the incident particle is assumed known. The second is the distribution over particle types. These two distributions comprise a full event analysis. C1 [Morris, Robin D.] USRA RIACS, 444 Castro St,Suite 320, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Morris, RD (reprint author), USRA RIACS, 444 Castro St,Suite 320, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-240-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 371 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields; Statistics & Probability SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Mathematics GA BHB12 UT WOS:000252032000053 ER PT B AU Higdon, D AF Higdon, David BE Finkenstadt, B Held, L Isham, V TI A primer on space-time modeling from a Bayesian perspective SO Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems SE MONOGRAPHS ON STATISTICS AND APPLIED PROBABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer School of the European-Mathematical-Society CY DEC 12-18, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP European Math Res Soc ID RANDOM-FIELDS; SYSTEMS; OCEAN C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 1-58488-593-9 J9 MG STAT PRO PY 2007 VL 107 BP 217 EP 279 PG 63 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BFN62 UT WOS:000243334000006 ER PT S AU Dauble, D AF Dauble, Dennis BE Brouder, MJ Scheurer, JA TI Columbia river fishes of the Lewis and Clark expedition SO Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America CY MAR 01-03, 2004 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID LIFE-HISTORY AB The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed the Continental Divide in 1805 on the way west to the Pacific Ocean. Based on journal entries, members of the expedition probably encountered two species of resident salmonids and four of the six species of anadromous salmonids and steelhead (Family Salmoniclae, genus Oncorhynchus). The salmonid species were called common salmon (now known as Chinook salmon o. tshawytscha), red charr (sockeye salmon O. nerka), white salmon trout (coho salmon [also known as silver salmon] O. kisutch), salmon trout (steelhead O. mykiss), and spotted trout (cutthroat trout O. clarkii). There was no evidence of the expedition encountering pink salmon a gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, or species of true char Salvelinus spp. Common fishes procured from Indian tribes living along the lower Columbia River included eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus and white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. The identity of three additional resident freshwater species is questionable. Available descriptions suggest that what they called mullet were largescale sucker Catostomus macrocheilus, and that chubb were peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus. The third questionable fish, which they called bottlenose, was probably mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, although there is no evidence that the species was observed in the Columbia River drainage. Missing from the species list were more than 20 other fishes known to Sahapti n -speaking people from the mid-Columbia region. More complete documentation of the icthyofauna of the Pacific Northwest region did not occur until the latter half of the 19th century. However, journals from the Lewis and Clark expedition provide the first documentation of Columbia River fishes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dauble, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-89-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 53 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGT23 UT WOS:000250404400011 ER PT J AU LaBarge, MA Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ AF LaBarge, Mark A. Petersen, Ole W. Bissell, Mina J. TI Of microenvironments and mammary stem cells SO STEM CELL REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE niche; stem cells; mammary gland; microenvironment ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; ADULT HUMAN BREAST; BONE-MARROW; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SATELLITE CELL; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS AB In most adult tissues there reside pools of stem and progenitor cells inside specialized microenvironments referred to as niches. The niche protects the stem cells from inappropriate expansion and directs their critical ftinctions. Thus guided, stem cells are able to maintain tissue homeostasis throughout the ebb and flow of metabolic and physical demands encountered over a lifetime. Indeed, a pool of stem cells maintains mammary gland structure throughout development, and responds to the physiological demands associated with pregnancy. This review discusses how stem cells were identified in both human and mouse mammary glands; each requiring different techniques that were determined by differing biological needs and ethical constraints. These studies together create a robust portrait of mammary gland biology and identify the location of the stem cell niche, elucidate a developmental hierarchy, and suggest how the niche might be manipulated for therapeutic benefit. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP LaBarge, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MAlabarge@LBL.GOV; o.w.petersen@mai.ku.dk; MJBissell@LBL.GOV RI LaBarge, Mark/E-2621-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [R37 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA057621, CA-64786, CA-57621] NR 63 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1550-8943 J9 STEM CELL REV JI Stem Cell Rev. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s12015-007-0024-4 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 208SX UT WOS:000249340600007 PM 17873346 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Gomez, JA Lu, JQ Velasco, I Rivera, S Zoghbi, SS Liow, JS Musachio, JL Chin, FT Toyama, H Seidel, J Green, MV Thanos, PK Ichise, M Pike, VW Innis, RB McKay, RDG AF Rodriguez-Gomez, Jose A. Lu, Jian-Qiang Velasco, Ivan Rivera, Seth Zoghbi, Sami S. Liow, Jeih-San Musachio, John L. Chin, Frederick T. Toyama, Hiroshi Seidel, Jurgen Green, Michael V. Thanos, Panayotis K. Ichise, Masanori Pike, Victor W. Innis, Robert B. McKay, Ron D. G. TI Persistent dopamine functions of neurons derived from embryonic stem cells in a rodent model of Parkinson disease SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article DE Parkinson disease; embryonic stem cell; transplantation; microdialysis; positron emission tomography; dopamine transporter ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; INTRASTRIATAL NIGRAL GRAFTS; ANIMAL PET SCANNER; RAT STRIATUM; IN-VITRO; NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION; INTRACEREBRAL DIALYSIS; MESENCEPHALIC GRAFTS; INVIVO MEASUREMENT; CONSTANT INFUSION AB The derivation of dopamine neurons is one of the best examples of the clinical potential of embryonic stem (ES) cells, but the long-term function of the grafted neurons has not been established. Here, we show that, after transplantation into an animal model, neurons derived from mouse ES cells survived for over 32 weeks, maintained midbrain markers, and had sustained behavioral effects. Microdialysis in grafted animals showed that dopamine (DA) release was induced by depolarization and pharmacological stimulants. Positron emission tomography measured the expression of presynaptic dopamine transporters in the graft and also showed that the number of postsynaptic DA D-2 receptors was normalized in the host striatum. These data suggest that ES cell-derived neurons show DA release and reuptake and stimulate appropriate postsynaptic responses for long periods after implantation. This work supports continued interest in ES cells as a source of functional DA neurons. C1 NINDS, Lab Mol Biol, Porter Neurosci Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Mol Imaging Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McKay, RDG (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Mol Biol, Porter Neurosci Res Ctr, 35 Convent Dr,Bldg 35,Room 3A-201,MSC 3703, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mckayr@ninds.nih.gov RI Velasco, Ivan/D-3593-2014; Rodriguez-Gomez, Jose/C-8313-2015 OI Velasco, Ivan/0000-0002-8953-6578; FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 MH002795-07]; NIMH NIH HHS [Z01 MH002795] NR 77 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI DURHAM PA 318 BLACKWELL ST, STE 260, DURHAM, NC 27701-2884 USA SN 1066-5099 J9 STEM CELLS JI Stem Cells PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 918 EP 928 DI 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0386 PG 11 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology GA 158BR UT WOS:000245766400014 PM 17170065 ER PT S AU Clement, WP Murray, CJ AF Clement, William P. Murray, Christopher J. BE Baker, GS Jol, HM TI GPR imaging of clastic dikes at the Hanford Site, Hanford, Washington SO STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSES USING GPR SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE GPR; clastic dikes; reflection imaging; stratigraphy AB We used ground penetrating radar (GPR) data to help determine the spatial distribution and the subsurface geometry of clastic dikes at the Hanford Site. This information will help to improve the understanding of the hydrological role of these ubiquitous clastic dikes at the Hanford Site. We collected 100 MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) 3-D surface reflection data at two sites, the 216-S-16 (S-16) Pond and the Army Loop Road sites, and 2-D reflection data along a 6.9 km linear transect (Traverse site) near the Army Loop Road site. The dikes are distinguished in the GPR data by a strongly attenuated zone, disruptions in the continuity of reflections, and diffractions where reflections are disrupted. In general, the data quality is better at the Army Loop Road and Traverse sites than at the S-16 Pond site, probably due to the presence of cobbles at the S-16 Pond site. A high-moisture, fine-grained unit probably causes the strong reflections at the Army Loop Road site and the Traverse survey site. The signal penetration varies between 5 and 12 m below the land surface. C1 [Clement, William P.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Murray, Christopher J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Clement, WP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2432-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 432 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1130/2007.2432(12) PG 13 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BTB27 UT WOS:000286334500013 ER PT S AU Budiman, AS Hau-Riege, CS Besser, PR Marathe, A Joo, YC Tamura, N Patel, JR Nix, WD AF Budiman, A. S. Hau-Riege, C. S. Besser, P. R. Marathe, A. Joo, Y. C. Tamura, N. Patel, J. R. Nix, W. D. BE Ogawa, S Ho, PS Zschech, E TI Electromigration-induced plasticity and texture in Cu interconnects SO STRESS-INDUCED PHENOMENA IN METALLIZATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Stress-Induced Phenomena in Metallization CY APR 04-06, 2007 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys DE electromigration; plasticity; texture; copper; interconnects ID THIN-FILMS; LINES; DEFORMATION AB Plastic deformation has been observed in damascene Cu interconnect test structures during an in-situ electromigration experiment and before the onset of visible microstructural damage (ie. voiding) using a synchrotron technique of white beam X-ray microdiffraction. We show here that the extent of this electromigration-induced plasticity is dependent on the texture of the Cu grains in the line. In lines with strong < 111 > textures, the extent of plastic deformation is found to be relatively large compared to our plasticity results in the previous study[1] using another set of Cu lines with weaker textures. This is consistent with our earlier observation that the occurrence of plastic deformation in a given grain can be strongly correlated with the availability of a < 112 > direction of the crystal in the proximity of the direction of the electron flow in the line (within an angle of 10 degrees). In < 111 > out-of-plane oriented grains in a damascene interconnect scheme, the crystal plane facing the sidewall tends to be a {110} plane,[2-4] so as to minimize interfacial energy. Therefore, it is deterministic rather than probabilistic that the < 111 > grains will have a < 112 > direction nearly parallel to the direction of electron flow. Thus, strong < 111 > textures lead to more plasticity, as we observe. C1 [Budiman, A. S.; Patel, J. R.; Nix, W. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hau-Riege, C. S.; Besser, P. R.; Marathe, A.] Advanced Micro Devices, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Joo, Y. C.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Tamura, N.; Patel, J. R.] LBNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Budiman, AS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [(DE-FG02-04ER46163)]; The Advanced Light Source (ALS); Office of Science; Office of Basi Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) FX The authors would like to thank Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) for generous support and sample assistance. One of the authors (ASB) more specifically would like to thank John M. Ennals, AMD/SRC Program Manager, Technology Research Group, AMD, for the opportunity of a Summer Internship Program in 2006. Both ASB and WDN gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through Grant No. (DE-FG02-04ER46163). The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basi Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0459-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 945 BP 56 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BHB75 UT WOS:000252104700006 ER PT B AU Overly, TGS Park, G Farrar, CR AF Overly, T. G. S. Park, G. Farrar, C. R. BE Chang, FK TI Development of impedance-based wireless active-sensor node for structural health monitoring SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB This paper describes the development of the next generation, of an extremely compact, wireless impedance sensor node for use in structural health monitoring (SHM). The sensor node uses a recently developed, low-cost integrated circuit (IC) that can measure and record the electric impedance of a piezoelectric transducer. The sensor node also integrates several components, including a microcontroller for local computing, telemetry for wirelessly transmitting data, multiplexers for managing up to seven piezoelectric transducers per node, energy harvesting and storage mediums, and a wireless triggering circuit into one package to truly realize a comprehensive, self-contained wireless active-sensor node for SHM applications. It is estimated that this developed sensor node requires less than 80 mW of total power for measurement, computation, and transmission. In addition, the sensor node is equipped with the active-sensor self-diagnostic capabilities that can monitor the condition of piezoelectric transducers used in SHM applications. The performance of this miniaturized and portable device is compared to our previous results and its broader capabilities are demonstrated. C1 [Overly, T. G. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Overly, TGS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, MS T-001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM overly@lanl.gov; gpark@lanl.gov; farrar@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1660 EP 1667 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001071 ER PT B AU Farrar, CR Park, G Rosing, T Todd, MD Hodgkiss, W AF Farrar, C. R. Park, G. Rosing, T. Todd, M. D. Hodgkiss, W. BE Chang, FK TI Energy harvesting for structural health monitoring sensor networks SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ ID WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION AB This paper reviews the development of energy harvesting for low-power embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) sensing systems. A statistical pattern recognition paradigm for SHM is first presented and the concept of energy harvesting for embedded sensing systems is addressed with respect to the data acquisition portion of this paradigm. Next, power optimization strategies that can be applied to these systems are summarized. Various approaches to energy harvesting and energy storage are discussed and limitations associated with the current technology are addressed. The paper concludes by defining some future research directions that are aimed at transitioning the concept of energy harvesting for embedded SHM sensing systems from laboratory research to field-deployed engineering prototypes. C1 [Farrar, C. R.; Park, G.; Rosing, T.; Todd, M. D.; Hodgkiss, W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, MS T-001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1773 EP 1780 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001085 ER PT B AU Park, G Overly, TGS Farrar, CR AF Park, G. Overly, T. G. S. Farrar, C. R. BE Chang, FK TI Piezoelectric active-sensor diagnostic and validation process for SHM applications SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB A sensor diagnostic and validation process that performs in situ monitoring of the operational Status of piezoelectric (PZT) active-sensors in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications is presented. The basis of this process is to track the changes in the capacitive Value of piezoelectric materials, which shows Lip in measured admittance. Both degradation of the mechanical/electrical properties of a PZT transducer and the bonding detects between a PZT patch and a host structure Could be identified by the proposed process. This study also includes the investigation into the effects of the sensor/structure bonding defects on high frequency SHM techniques, including Lamb waves and impedance methods. It has been found that the effects are significant, modifying the phase and amplitude of propagated waves and changing measured impedance spectrum, Which Could lead to the false indications oil structural conditions. Due 10 the temperature dependent nature of PZT materials, we also developed a rigorous signal processing tool, which can separate the effect of temperature changes from that of sensor failure. The proposed process call provide a metric that can be used to determine the sensor functionality over a long period of set-vice time or right after its installation. C1 [Park, G.; Overly, T. G. S.; Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, MS T-001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov; overly@lanl.gov; farrar@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 1955 EP 1962 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290001106 ER PT J AU Pradlwarter, HJ Schueller, GI Koutsourelakis, PS Charmpis, DC AF Pradlwarter, H. J. Schueller, G. I. Koutsourelakis, P. S. Charmpis, D. C. TI Application of line sampling simulation method to reliability benchmark problems SO STRUCTURAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE structural reliability; Monte Carlo simulations; line sampling; structural uncertainty; non-linear systems ID HIGH DIMENSIONS; EXCURSION PROBABILITIES; SYSTEMS; EXCITATION AB A procedure denoted as Line Sampling (LS) has been developed for estimating the reliability of static and dynamical systems. The efficiency and accuracy of the method is shown by application to the subset of the entire spectrum of the posed benchmark problems [Schueller GI, Pradlwarter HJ, Koutsourelakis PS. Benchmark study on reliability estimation in higher dimensions of structural systems. In URL: http://www.uibk.ac.at/mechanik/Publications/benchmark.html. Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria, 2004], i.e. in particular linear systems with random properties. The notion of design point excitation for non-linear systems is discussed and its use extended for reliability estimations of conservative non-linear MDOF systems considering critical conditional excitation. For solving the hysteretic MDOF system with uncertain structural parameters subjected to general Gaussian excitation, however, the general applicable subset procedure [An S K, Beck J L. Estimation of small failure probabilities in high dimensions by subset simulation. Probab Eng Mech 2001;16:263-277] has been used combined with Importance Sampling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Engn Mech, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. LLNL, Elect Engn Technol Div, Appl Stat & Econ, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cyprus, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Schueller, GI (reprint author), Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Engn Mech, Technikerstr 13, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM mechanik@uibk.ac.at OI Charmpis, Dimos/0000-0003-4009-7321; Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios/0000-0002-9345-759X NR 11 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4730 EI 1879-3355 J9 STRUCT SAF JI Struct. Saf. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.strusafe.2006.07.009 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 155ZG UT WOS:000245616900005 ER PT J AU Eldred, MS Agarwal, H Perez, VM Wojtkiewicz, SF Renaud, JE AF Eldred, M. S. Agarwal, H. Perez, V. M. Wojtkiewicz, S. F., Jr. Renaud, J. E. TI Investigation of reliability method formulations in DAKOTA/UQ SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; reliability; design optimization; software ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY; APPROXIMATIONS AB Reliability methods are probabilistic algorithms for quantifying the effect of simulation input uncertainties on response metrics of interest. In particular, they compute approximate response function distribution statistics (probability, reliability and response levels) based on specified input random variable probability distributions. In this paper, a number of algorithmic variations are explored for both the forward reliability analysis of computing probabilities for specified response levels (the reliability index approach (RIA)) and the inverse reliability analysis of computing response levels for specified probabilities (the performance measure approach (PMA)). These variations include limit state linearizations, probability integrations, warm starting and optimization algorithm selections. The resulting RIA/PMA reliability algorithms for uncertainty quanti. cation are then employed within bi-level and sequential reliability-based design optimization approaches. Relative performance of these uncertainty quanti. cation and reliability-based design optimization algorithms are presented for a number of computational experiments performed using the DAKOTA/UQ software. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Eldred, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mseldre@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1080/15732470500254618 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 176DQ UT WOS:000247064500002 ER PT J AU Keers, H Johnson, L Vasco, D AF Keers, H. Johnson, L. Vasco, D. TI Determination of porosity and saturation using seismic waveform inversion SO STUDIA GEOPHYSICA ET GEODAETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media VI CY JUN 20-25, 2005 CL Hruba Skala, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Acad Sci Czech Republic, Geophys Inst, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE poroelasticity; waveform inversion; crosswell seismics; scattering; saturation ID IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS; TRAVEL-TIMES; MEDIA; ATTENUATION; VELOCITY; PERTURBATION; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; SAND AB Characterization of a reservoir model requires determination of its petrophysical parameters, such as porosity and saturation. We propose a new method to determine these parameters directly from seismic data. The method consists of the computation and inversion of seismic waveforms. A high frequency method is presented to model wave propagation through an attenuative and dispersive poroelastic medium. The high frequency approximation makes it possible to efficiently compute sensitivity functions. This enables the inversion of seismic waveforms for porosity and saturation. The waveform inversion algorithm is applied to two laboratory crosswell datasets of a water saturated sand. The starting models were obtained using travel time tomography. The first dataset is inverted for porosity. The misfit reduction for this dataset is approximately 50%. The second dataset was obtained after injection of a nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL), possibly with some air, which made the medium more heterogeneous. This dataset was inverted for NAPL and air saturation using the porosity model obtained from the first inversion. The misfit reduction of the second experiment was 70%. Regions of high NAPL and high air saturation were found at the same location. These areas correlate well with the position of one of the injection points as well as regions of higher NAPL concentrations found after excavation of the sand. It is therefore possible to directly invert waveforms for pore fluid saturation by taking into account the attenuation and dispersion caused by the poroelasticity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Seismol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keers, H (reprint author), Schlumberger Cambridge Res Ltd, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0EL, England. EM hkeers@cambridge.oilfield.slb.com; lrj@ccs.lbl.gov; dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0039-3169 J9 STUD GEOPHYS GEOD JI Stud. Geophys. Geod. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 119 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11200-007-0006-7 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 140CU UT WOS:000244481400006 ER PT J AU Rokas, A Payne, G Fedorova, ND Baker, SE Machida, M Yu, J Georgianna, DR Dean, RA Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE Wortman, JR Maiti, R Joardar, V Amedeo, P Denning, DW Nierman, WC AF Rokas, A. Payne, G. Fedorova, N. D. Baker, S. E. Machida, M. Yu, J. Georgianna, D. Ryan Dean, Ralph A. Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, T. E. Wortman, J. R. Maiti, R. Joardar, V. Amedeo, P. Denning, D. W. Nierman, W. C. TI What can comparative genomics tell us about species concepts in the genus Aspergillus? SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era CY APR 12-14, 2007 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE comparative genomics; genetic diversity; genome sequences; identification of species boundaries ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; SECTION FLAVI; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; AFLR GENE; FUMIGATUS; ORYZAE; STRAINS; FUNGI; DIFFERENTIATION AB Understanding the nature of species" boundaries is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The availability of genomes from several species of the genus Aspergillus allows us for the first time to examine the demarcation of fungal species at the whole-genome level. Here, we examine four case studies, two of which involve intraspecific comparisons, whereas the other two deal with interspecific genomic comparisons between closely related species. These four comparisons reveal significant variation in the nature of species boundaries across Aspergillus. For example, comparisons between A. fumigatus and Neosartorya fischeri (the teleomorph of A. fischerianus) and between A. oryzae and A. flavus suggest that measures of sequence similarity and species-specific genes are significantly higher for the A. fumigatus - N. fischeri pair. Importantly, the values obtained from the comparison between A. oryzae and A. flavus are remarkably similar to those obtained from an intra-specific comparison of A. fumigatus strains, giving support to the proposal that A. oryzae represents a distinct ecotype of A. flavus and not a distinct species. We argue that genomic data can aid Aspergillus taxonomy by serving as a source of novel and unprecedented amounts of comparative data, as a resource for the development of additional diagnostic tools, and finally as a knowledge database about the biological differences between strains and species. C1 [Rokas, A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Payne, G.; Georgianna, D. Ryan; Dean, Ralph A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fedorova, N. D.; Wortman, J. R.; Maiti, R.; Joardar, V.; Amedeo, P.; Nierman, W. C.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Baker, S. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Machida, M.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Cell Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. [Yu, J.; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Cleveland, T. E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Denning, D. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Rokas, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM antonis.rokas@vanderbilt.edu RI Abrams, Natalie/F-4845-2011; OI Abrams, Natalie/0000-0001-9698-2819; Wortman, Jennifer/0000-0002-8713-1227; Denning, David/0000-0001-5626-2251; Rokas, Antonis/0000-0002-7248-6551 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA UPPSALALAAN 8, 3584 CT UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2007 IS 59 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.3114/sim.2007.59.02 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 318MZ UT WOS:000257097300003 ER PT S AU Knight, RJ Irving, JD Tercier, P Freeman, GJ Murray, CJ Rockhold, ML AF Knight, Rosemary J. Irving, James D. Tercier, Paulette Freeman, Gene J. Murray, Chris J. Rockhold, Mark L. BE Hyndman, DW DayLewis, FD Singha, K TI A Comparison of the Use of Radar Images and Neutron Probe Data to Determine the Horizontal Correlation Length of Water Content SO SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY: DATA INTEGRATION FOR PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SOIL; SUBSURFACE AB Surface-based ground-penetrating radar data were collected at the Hanford Site in Washington, U.S.A. to assess the use of radar reflection images as a means of quantifying the spatial variability of subsurface water content. Available at the selected test site were two sets of water content data derived from neutron probe measurements that had been made to a depth of similar to 18 m in 32 wells in 1980 and 1995. The comparison of probe-derived water content data, synthetic radar data, and the acquired radar data indicated a good correspondence between the changes in probe-derived water content and the location of reflections in the radar data. Geostatistical analysis was conducted on the two sets of probe-derived water content values and the amplitudes of the reflections in the radar reflection image to determine the horizontal correlation length of water content. The experimental semivariograms for the water content data were fit with a single exponential model with a correlation length of 10 m. The semivariogram for the radar data was fit with a nested structure containing a dominant long-range structure with a correlation length of 14 m, and a smaller-scale structure with a correlation length of 0.3 m. Quantifying the scale triplet-the spacing, extent, and support-for the two forms of measurement provided a framework for comparing and assessing the derived correlation structures. This approach also highlighted the importance of identifying methods for properly determining the scale of radar measurements required for the imaging of subsurface water content. C1 [Knight, Rosemary J.; Irving, James D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Freeman, Gene J.; Murray, Chris J.; Rockhold, Mark L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Knight, RJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Mitchell Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rknight@pangea.stanford.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-437-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 171 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1029/171GM05 D2 10.1029/GM171 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Water Resources GA BOH59 UT WOS:000276666800004 ER PT J AU Gupta, G Kunkel, M AF Gupta, Goutam Kunkel, Meghan BE Kotb, M Fraser, JD TI Countermeasures against Superantigens: Structure-Based Design of Bispecific Receptor Mimics SO SUPERANTIGENS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS; PROTEIN-G; T-CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; DISEASE; BINDING; DOMAIN; CHAIN C1 [Gupta, Goutam; Kunkel, Meghan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-584-4 PY 2007 BP 245 EP + PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA BPE00 UT WOS:000278642600017 ER PT J AU Kang, S Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Li, J Goyal, A AF Kang, S. Leonard, K. J. Martin, P. M. Li, J. Goyal, A. TI Strong enhancement of flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta multilayers with columnar defects comprised of self-assembled BaZrO3 nanodots SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; FILMS AB Multilayer structures comprising YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films with columns of self-assembled BaZrO3 (BZO) nanodots with interlayers of CeO2 or pure YBa2Cu3O7-delta were grown on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTSs) using pulsed laser deposition. A significant enhancement of the critical current density (J(c)) was observed for the multilayers compared with a single layer of YBCO + BZO. J(c) varies as J(c) similar to H-alpha with alpha of 0.27 for single layer of YBCO + BZO and 0.34 for both multilayered films. Enhancement of pinning in the multilayers is attributed to the presence of columnar defects comprised of self-assembled nanodots of BZO as well as planar CuO-type stacking defects arising as a result of interfacial reactions in the multilayers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kang, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/1/003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130HQ UT WOS:000243791100005 ER PT J AU Brambilla, R Grilli, F Martini, L AF Brambilla, Roberto Grilli, Francesco Martini, Luciano TI Development of an edge-element model for AC loss computation of high-temperature superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAULT CURRENT LIMITER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DESIGN; STRIP AB This paper presents a new numerical model for computing the current density, field distributions and AC losses in superconductors. The model, based on the direct magnetic field H formulation without the use of vector and scalar potentials (which are used in conventional formulations), relies on first-order edge finite elements. These elements are by construction curl conforming and therefore suitable to satisfy the continuity of the tangential component of magnetic field across adjacent elements, with no need for explicitly imposing the condition. del. H = 0. This allows the overcoming of one of the major problems of standard nodal elements with potential formulation: in the case of strong discontinuities or nonlinearities of the physical properties of the materials and/ or in presence of sharp corners in the conductors' geometry, the discontinuities of the potentials' derivatives are unnatural and without smoothing artifices the convergence of the algorithm is put at risk. In this work we present in detail the model for two-dimensional geometries and we test it by comparing the numerical results with the predictions of analytical solutions for simple geometries. We use it successively for investigating cases of practical interest involving more complex configurations, where the interaction between adjacent tapes is important. In particular we discuss the results of AC losses in superconducting windings. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CESI Ric, I-20134 Milan, Italy. RP Brambilla, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrilli@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/1/004 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130HQ UT WOS:000243791100006 ER PT S AU Middleditch, J AF Middleditch, John BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI The SN 1987A link to gamma-ray bursts SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE cosmology : observations; gamma-rays : bursts; pulsars : general; white dwarfs; stars : Wolf-Rayet; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1987A) ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; PULSAR; LMC; PHOTOMETRY; MERGER AB Early measurements of SN 1987A can be interpreted in light of the beam/jet (BJ) which had to hit polar ejecta (PE) to produce the "Mystery Spot" (MS), some 22 light-days distant. It takes an extra eight days for the SN flash to hit the MS, and early measurements confirm 2 x 10(39) ergs/s in tire optical for a day at day 8, before dropping off by day 8.5. A linear ramp in luminosity starting near day 10 indicates particles from the BJ hitting the PE, with the fastest particles traveling at 0.8 c, and an upper limit for the optical luminosity of the MS of 5 x 10(40) ergs/s, about 23% of the total of 2.1 x 10(41) ergs/s at day 20. The many details of SN 1987A strongly suggest that it resulted from a merger of two stellar cores of a common envelope (CE) binary, i.e. a "double degenerate" (DD)-initiated SN. Without having to blast through the CE of Sk -69 degrees 202, it is likely that the BJ would have caused a full, long-soft gamma-ray burst (lGRB) upon hitting the PE, thus DD is a mechanism which can produce lGRBs. A 0.5 degrees offset the typical collimation for a GRB, over the 22 light-days from SN 1987A to its PE, produces similar to 100 s of delay, matching the observed delay of the non-prompt parts of lGRBs. Because DD must be the overwhelmingly dominant SN mechanism in elliptical galaxies, where only short, hard GRBs (sGRBs) have been observed, DD without CE or PE must also produce sGRBs, and thus the initial photon spectrum of 99% of all GRBs is known, and neutron star (NS)-NS mergers may not make GRBs as we know them. Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the non-core-collapsed globular clusters are also 99% DD-formed from white dwarf (WD)-WD merger, consistent with their 2.10 ms minimum spin period, and the 2.14 ms signal seen from SN 1987A. The many observational details of Ia's strongly suggest that these are also DD. This is a concern for systematics in Ia Cosmology, because Type Ia SNe will appear to be Ic's when viewed from their DD merger poles, given sufficient matter above that lost to corE-collapse (otherwise it would just beg the question of what else they could possibly be, and other mechanisms, such as "delayed detonation" or "gravitationally confined detonation," don't produce the inverse relation between polarization and luminosity). As a DD-initiated SN, SN 1987A appears to be the Rosetta Stone for 99% of SNe, GRBs and MSPs, including all recent nearby SNe except SN 1986J, and the more distant SN 2006gy. There is no need to invent exotica to account for GRBs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Middleditch, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500014 ER PT S AU Wheeler, JC Maund, JR Akiyama, S AF Wheeler, J. Craig Maund, Justyn R. Akiyama, Shizuka BE Immler, S Weiler, K McCray, R TI Supernova asymmetries SO SUPERNOVA 1987A: 20 YEARS AFTER: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Supernova 1987A - 20 Years After CY FEB 19-23, 2007 CL Aspen, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Swift Sci Ctr, XMM Newton Guest Observ Cac, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Chandra X Ray Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Univ Colorado DE supernovae; rotation; magnetic fields ID ROTATIONAL CORE COLLAPSE; BAR-MODE INSTABILITY; ACCRETION SHOCK; NEUTRON-STARS; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; DISKS; POLARIZATION; SIMULATIONS; EXPLOSIONS; STABILITY AB All core collapse supernovae are strongly aspherical. The "Bochum event" with velocity components displaced symmetrically about the principal H alpha line, strongly suggests that SN 1987A was a bi-polar rather than a uni-polar explosion. While there is a general tendency to display a single prominant axis in images and spectropolarimetry, there is also growing evidence for frequent departures from axisymmetry. There are various mechanisms that might contribute to large scale departures from spherical symmetry: jet-induced processes, the spherical shock accretion instability (SASI) and associated phenomena, and non-axisymmetric instabilities (NAXI). The MRI gives inevitable production of large toroidal magnetic fields. In sum: no Omega without B. The role of magnetic fields, non-axisymmetric instabilities, and of the de-leptonization phase are discussed. C1 [Wheeler, J. Craig; Maund, Justyn R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78705 USA. [Akiyama, Shizuka] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wheeler, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78705 USA. FU NSF [AST-0406740] FX JCW and JRM are exceedingly grateful for the fruitful coUaboration with the members of our VLT spectropolarimetry team, Dietrich Baade, Lifan Wang, Peter Hoflich, Fernando Patat and Alejandro Clocchiatti and to the wonderful facilities and crew at the VLT who make the observations possible. JCW and JRM are supported in part by NSF Grant AST-0406740. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0448-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 937 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGX54 UT WOS:000251154500052 ER PT J AU Qin, F Anderegg, JW Jenks, CJ Gleeson, B Sordelet, DJ Thiel, PA AF Qin, F. Anderegg, J. W. Jenks, C. J. Gleeson, B. Sordelet, D. J. Thiel, P. A. TI The effect of Pt on Ni3Al surface oxidation at low-pressures SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oxidation; aluminum oxide; nickel oxides; nickel aluminide; platinum; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; low-energy ion scattering (LEIS); Auger electron spectroscopy ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ALUMINUM-OXIDE OVERLAYER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; INITIAL INTERACTION; WATER-VAPOR; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The fully-oxidized surface that forms on (111) oriented Ni3Al single crystals, with and without Pt addition, at 300-900 K under oxygen pressures of ca. 10(-7) Torr was studied using XPS, AES, and LEIS. Two main types of surfaces form, depending upon oxidation temperature. At low-temperature, the predominant oxide is NiO, capped by a thin layer of aluminum oxide, which we refer to generically as AlxOy. At high-temperature (i.e., 700-800 K), NiO is replaced by a thick layer of AlxOy. By comparing samples that contain 0, 10 and 20 at.% Pt in the bulk, we find that the effect of Pt is to: (1) reduce the maximum amount of both NiO and AlxOy; and (2) shift the establishment of the thick AlxOy layer to lower temperatures. Platinum also decreases the adsorption probability of oxygen on the clean surface. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Qin, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 220 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM flqin@iastate.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 1 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.09.014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 128JW UT WOS:000243655000018 ER PT J AU Solis, KJ Williams, LR Swartzentruber, BS Han, SM AF Solis, Kyle J. Williams, Lance R. Swartzentruber, B. S. Han, Sang M. TI Addimer chain structures: Metastable precursors to island formation on Ge-Si(001)-(2 x n) alloyed surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE addimer chain structures; compact epitaxial islands; C-dimer; polarity-switching scanning tunneling microscopy; (2 x n) silicon-germanium alloy; surface kinetics ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI AD-DIMERS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; SI(100) SURFACE; INITIAL-STAGE; STRAINED SI; SI(001); DIFFUSION; SILICON AB We have identified addimer chain structures as metastable precursors to compact epitaxial islands on the (2 x n) reconstructed SiGe wetting layer, using polarity-switching scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These chain structures are comprised of 2-12 addimers residing in the troughs of neighboring substrate dimer rows. The chain structures extend along equivalent < 130 > directions across the substrate dimer rows in a zigzag fashion, giving rise to kinked and straight segments. We measure a kink-to-straight ratio of nearly 2:1. This ratio corresponds to a free energy difference of 17 +/- 4 meV, favoring the formation of kinked segments. The chain structures convert to compact epitaxial islands at elevated temperatures ( >= 90 degrees C). This conversion suggests that the chain structures are a precursor for compact island formation on the SiGe wetting layer. We digitally process filled- and empty-state STM images to distinguish chain structures from compact islands. By monitoring the populations of both species over time, the chain-to-island conversion rates are measured at substrate temperatures ranging from 90 to 150 degrees C. The activation energy for the conversion process is measured to be 0.7 +/- 0.2 eV with a corresponding pre-exponential factor of 5 x 10(4 +/- 2) s(-1). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Han, SM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM meister@unm.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.09.015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 128JW UT WOS:000243655000021 ER PT S AU Richter, B AF Richter, Burton BE Feng, JL TI Is "Naturalness" unnatural? SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Richter, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700001 ER PT S AU Yu, SS AF Yu, Shin-Shan BE Feng, JL TI Search for higgs at CDF SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE higgs; CDF; electroweak; standard model; doubly-charged AB We present the results on the searches for the SM and the non-SM Higgs boson production in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using data corresponding to 300-700 pb(-1), we search for the Higgs boson in various production and decay channels. No signal is observed, therefore, we set upper limits on the production cross-section times branching fraction as a function of the Higgs boson mass. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, SS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700015 ER PT S AU Buehler, M AF Buehler, Marc BE Feng, JL TI Z plus jets cross section ratio measurements SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE jets; QCD; Z bosons AB We present a study of events with Z bosons and jets produced at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider in p (p) over bar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data sample consists of nearly 14,000 Z/gamma(*) -> e(+)e(-) candidates corresponding to the integrated luminosity of 340 ph(-1) collected using the DO detector. Ratios of the Z/gamma(*)+ >= n jet cross sections to the total inclusive Z/gamma(*) cross section have been measured for n = 1 to 4 jet events. Our measurements are found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order QCD calculation and with a tree-level QCD prediction with parton shower simulation and hadronization. C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60657 USA. RP Buehler, M (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60657 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700025 ER PT S AU Berger, CF AF Berger, Carola F. BE Feng, JL TI Bootstrapping one-loop QCD amplitudes SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE on-shell recursion relations; QCD; one-loop amplitudes AB We review the recently developed bootstrap method for the computation of high-multiplicity QCD amplitudes at one loop. The method combines (generalized) Unitarity with on-shell recursion relations to determine the not cut-constructible, rational terms of these amplitudes. The bootstrap approach works for arbitrary configurations of gluon helicities and arbitrary numbers of external legs. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Berger, CF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700026 ER PT S AU Sopczak, A Finch, A Freytas, A Milstene, C Schmitt, M AF Sopczak, A. Finch, A. Freytas, A. Milstene, C. Schmitt, M. BE Feng, JL TI Small visible energy scalar top iterative discriminant analysis for different center-of-mass energies SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE ILC; SUSY; scalar top AB Light scalar top quarks with a small mass difference with respect to the neutralino mass are of particular cosmological interest. This study uses an Iterative Discriminant Analysis method to optimize the expected selection efficiency at a International Linear Collider (ILC). A previous study at root s = 260 GeV with 50 fb(-1) has been extended to root s = 500 GeV with 500 fb(-1), and results from both studies are compared. C1 [Sopczak, A.; Finch, A.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Freytas, A.] Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Milstene, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Schmitt, M.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Sopczak, A (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 161 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700027 ER PT S AU Gataullin, M Rosier, S Xia, L Yang, H AF Gataullin, M. Rosier, S. Xia, L. Yang, H. BE Feng, JL TI Searches for Gauge-mediated SUSY breaking topologies with the L3 detector at LEP SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE GMSB; supersymmetry; LEP; long-lived; neutralino; scalar lepton ID ENERGY AB Searches for topologies predicted by gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models were performed using data collected with the L3 detector at LEP. All possible lifetimes of the next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP), neutralino or scalar tau, were considered. No evidence for these new phenomena was found and limits on the production cross sections and sparticle masses were derived. A scan over the parameters of the minimal GMSB model was performed, leading to lower limits of 62.2 GeV, 11 TeV, and 0.07 eV on the NLSP mass, the mass scale parameter A, and the gravitino mass, respectively. The status of the LEP combined searches is also discussed. C1 [Gataullin, M.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, MC 256-48, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rosier, S.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, Chemin Bellevue, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Xia, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yang, H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gataullin, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, MC 256-48, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-92-ER40701] FX We would like to thank all our colleagues from the L3 collaboration. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700041 ER PT S AU de Gouvea, A Gopalakrishna, S Porod, W AF de Gouvea, Andre Gopalakrishna, Shrihari Porod, Werner BE Feng, JL TI Right-handed sneutrino cosmology and hadron collider signatures SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE sneutrino; supersymmetry; hadron collider AB It is possible that the right-handed sneutrino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). We consider the cosmological implications of such an LSP, particularly under what conditions it can lead to the observed relic density. We then discuss the Tevatron and LHC signatures of this LSP C1 [de Gouvea, Andre; Gopalakrishna, Shrihari] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gopalakrishna, Shrihari] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Porod, Werner] CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. RP de Gouvea, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 221 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700042 ER PT S AU Freitas, A Skands, PZ AF Freitas, A. Skands, P. Z. BE Feng, JL TI The SUSY-QCD coupling relation SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE supersymmetry; QCD ID SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; LINEAR COLLIDERS; SYSTEM AB In order to establish supersymmetry at future colliders, it is not sufficient to discover new particles, but the identity of gauge couplings and the corresponding Yukawa couplings between gauginos, sfermions and fermions needs to be verified. In detailed studies it was found that the SUSY-Yukawa couplings of the electroweak sector can be studied with great precision at the ILC, but a similar analysis for the Yukawa coupling of the SUSY-QCD sector proves to be far more challenging. Here a first phenomenological study for determining this coupling is presented, using a method which combines information from LHC and ILC. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Skands, P. Z.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theor Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Freitas, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700049 ER PT S AU Bishai, M AF Bishai, Mary CA MINOS Collaboration BE Feng, JL TI Recent results from the MINOS experiment SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE neutrino masses and mixing AB We report on recent results from the MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) experiment. A v mu beam, originating from the NuMl beamline at Fermilab, IL is detected by both the MINOS near detector located I km from the target and the far detector located 735 km away in Soudan, MN. MINOS has observed muon neutrino disappearance in the far detector using beam data collected from Jan, 2005 to Feb, 2006. The observed spectrum of v mu charged-current events at the far detector is consistent with muon neutrino oscillations where the oscillation parameters are measured to be vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar = 2.74(-0.26)(+0.44) X 10(-3) eV(2)/C-4, and sin(2)(2 theta(23)) > 0.87 (68% C.L.). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bishai, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, PO Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700054 ER PT S AU Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT AF Chen, Mu-Chun Mahanthappa, K. T. BE Feng, JL TI Relating leptogenesis to low energy CP violation SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE CP violation; neutrino oscillation; leptogenesis AB In the minimal left-right symmetric model with spontaneous CP violation, there are only two intrinsic CP violating phases to account for all CP violation in both the quark and lepton sectors. In addition, the left- and right-handed Majorana mass terms for the neutrinos are proportional to each other due to the parity in the model. This is thus a very constrained framework, making the existence of correlations among the CP violation in leptogenesis, neutrino oscillation and neutrinoless double beta decay possible. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Chen, Mu-Chun] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mahanthappa, K. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Chen, Mu-Chun/0000-0002-5749-2566 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 303 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700062 ER PT S AU Swain, SK AF Swain, Sanjay K. BE Feng, JL TI Searches for D-0-D-0 mixing, rare charm and tau decays SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE BABAR; belle AB I discuss the results on D-0-D-0 mixing through hadronic as well as semi- leptonic charm decays, rare flavor-changing neutral currents in the charm sector and the lepton flavor violating tau decaying to charged lighter leptons. The results from both BABAR and Belle are presented in this review. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Swain, SK (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700072 ER PT S AU Morrissey, DE Tait, TMP Wagner, CEM AF Morrissey, D. E. Tait, T. M. P. Wagner, C. E. M. BE Feng, JL TI Baryon and lepton number violation in gauge extensions of the standard model SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE extensions of electroweak gauge sector; non-perturbative calculations AB Potentially observable (B+L)-violating processes in a SU(2)(1) x SU(2)(2) gauge extension of the Standard Model electroweak gauge group are considered. C1 [Morrissey, D. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tait, T. M. P.; Wagner, C. E. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Argonne, IL USA. [Wagner, C. E. M.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Morrissey, DE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU US DOE, Div. of HEP [W-31-109- ENG-38] FX Work at ANL is supported in part by the US DOE, Div. of HEP, Contract W-31-109- ENG-38. We would like to thank C. Balazs, P. Batra, S. Chivukula, B. Dobrescu, C.Hill, and N. Weiner for useful discussions. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 455 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700099 ER PT S AU Bar-Shalom, S Atwood, D Soni, A AF Bar-Shalom, Shaouly Atwood, David Soni, Arnarjit BE Feng, JL TI Massive neutrinos in a grounds-up approach with quark-lepton similarity SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE neutrino mixing & masses; two Higgs doublets; 3rd generation fertnions; leptogenesis AB We examine neutrino oscillations in a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) in which the second doublet couples only to the third generation right-handed up-fermions, i.e., to t(R) and to N-3 which is the heaviest right-handed Majorana neutrino. The inherently large tan beta of this model can naturally account for the large top mass and, based on a quark-lepton similarity ansatz, when embedded into a seesaw mechanism it can also account for the observed neutrino masses and mixing angles giving a very small theta(13): -0.017 less than or similar to theta(13) less than or similar to 0.021 at 99% CL, and a very restrictive prediction for the atmospheric mixing angle: 42.9(0) less than or similar to theta(atm) less than or similar to 45.2(0) at 99% CL. The large value of tan beta also sets the mass scale of the heaviest right-handed Majorana neutrino N-3 and triggers successful leptogenesis through a CP-asymmetry in the decays of the N-1 (lightest right-handed Majorana) which is tan(2) beta enhanced compared to the CP-asymmetry obtained in models for leptogenesis with one Higgs doublet or in the MSSM. This enhancement allows us to relax the lower bound on M-N1 and consequently also the lower bound on the reheating temperature of the early universe. C1 [Bar-Shalom, Shaouly] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Atwood, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soni, Arnarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bar-Shalom, S (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM Shaouly@physics.technion.ac.il NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 491 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700108 ER PT S AU Balazs, C Szapudi, I AF Balazs, Csaba Szapudi, Istvan BE Feng, JL TI Holographic quantum statistics from dual thermodynamics SO SUSY06: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE thermodynamics; quantum gravity; holography ID ENTROPY AB We propose dual thermodynamics corresponding to black hole mechanics with the identifications E ' -> A/4, S ' -> M and T ' -> T-1 in Planck units. Here A, M and T are the horizon area, mass and Hawking temperature of a black hole and E ', S ' and T ' are the energy, entropy and temperature of a corresponding dual quantum system. We show that, for a Schwarzschild black hole, the dual variables formally satisfy all three laws of thermodynamics, including the Planck-Nernst form of the third law requiring that the entropy tend to zero at low temperature. Once the third law is satisfied, it is straightforward to construct simple (dual) quantum systems representing black hole mechanics. In addition to recovering black hole mechanics, we obtain quantum corrections to the entropy, including the logarithmic correction obtained by previous authors. C1 [Balazs, Csaba] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Balazs, Csaba] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Szapudi, Istvan] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Balazs, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NASA through AISR [NNG06GE71G]; ATP [NASA NAG5-12101]; NSF [AST02-06243, AMS04-0434413, ITR 1120201- 128440]; US DOE [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Theory Department of Fermilab FX IS was supported by NASA through AISR NNG06GE71G, and ATP NASA NAG5-12101 as well as by NSF grants AST02-06243, AMS04-0434413 and ITR 1120201- 128440. Research at the HEP Division of ANL is supported in part by the US DOE, Division of HEP, Contract W-31-109-ENG-38. CB also thanks the Theory Department of Fermilab for its hospitality and financial support. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 560 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700124 ER PT S AU Wai, L AF Wai, Lawrence BE Feng, JL TI Dark matter searches with GLAST SO SUSY06: The 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions CY JUN 12-17, 2006 CL Irvine, CA SP Univ Calif, Irvine, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn DE dark matter; WIMP; GLAST; gamma-ray ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; EGRET AB Indirect detection of particle dark matter relies upon pair annihilation of Weakly Interaction Massive Particles (WIMPs), which is complementary to the well known techniques of direct detection (WIMP-nucleus scattering) and collider production (WIMP pair production). Pair annihilation of WIMPs results in the production of gamma-rays, neutrinos, and anti-matter. Of the various experiments sensitive to indirect detection of dark matter, the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) may play the most crucial role in the next few years. After launch in late 2007, The GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) will survey the gamma-ray sky in the energy range of 20MeV-300GeV. By eliminating charged particle background above 100 MeV, GLAST may be sensitive to as yet to be observed Milky Way dark matter subhalos, as well as WIMP pair annihilation spectral lines from the Milky Way halo. Discovery of gamma-ray signals from dark matter in the Milky Way would not only demonstrate the particle nature of dark matter; it would also open a new observational window on galactic dark matter substructure. Location of new dark matter sources by GLAST would dramatically alter the experimental landscape; ground based gamma ray telescopes could follow up on the new GLAST sources with precision measurements of the WIMP pair annihilation spectrum. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wai, L (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0410-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 903 BP 599 EP 602 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGG33 UT WOS:000246652700133 ER PT S AU Agafonov, A Androsov, V Botman, JIM Bulyak, E Dovbnya, A Drebot, I Gladkikh, P Grevtsev, V Grigor'ev, Y Gvozd', A Ivashchenko, V Karnaukhov, I Kovalyova, N Kozin, V Lapshin, V Lebedev, A Markov, V Mocheshnikov, N Mytsykov, A Neklyudov, I Peev, F Reuzayev, A Shcherbakov, A Skirda, V Skomorokhov, V Tatchyn, R Telegin, Y Trotsenko, V Zelinsky, A Zvonaryova, O AF Agafonov, A. Androsov, V. Botman, J. I. M. Bulyak, E. Dovbnya, A. Drebot, I. Gladkikh, P. Grevtsev, V. Grigor'ev, Y. Gvozd', A. Ivashchenko, V. Karnaukhov, I. Kovalyova, N. Kozin, V. Lapshin, V. Lebedev, A. Markov, V. Mocheshnikov, N. Mytsykov, A. Neklyudov, I. Peev, F. Reuzayev, A. Shcherbakov, A. Skirda, V. Skomorokhov, V. Tatchyn, R. Telegin, Y. Trotsenko, V. Zelinsky, A. Zvonaryova, O. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Status of NESTOR SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE Compton scattering; storage ring; synchrotron radiation; X-ray radiation AB NSC KIPT proposed to construct a new X-ray and soft ultraviolet source NESTOR with a 40 - 225 MeV electron storage ring in Kharkov. NESTOR is a new type radiation source on the base of Compton scattering and a storage ring. Electrons are injected in the storage ring at 100 MeV and ramped up to final energy of 225 MeV. So, using interaction angle 100 and 1500, the facility covers operation energy range of radiation from soft ultraviolet trough synchrotron radiation from bending magnets up to hard X-ray radiation through Compton scattering (similar to 1 eV similar to 1 MeV). It is supposed that stored electron beam current will be of about 200 mA. Along with use of Nd:Yag laser of 10 W average power which was developed by High-Q laser firm and optical resonator with accumulation gain of about 1000 it allows to provide X-ray radiation flux up to 1011 phot/s. NESTOR is the cooperative facility and its development is supported by Ukrainian government and NATO SfP project #977982. It is supposed that NESTOR will be in operation by mid-2007 year. The status of the project and main facility systems are described in the report. C1 [Androsov, V.; Bulyak, E.; Dovbnya, A.; Drebot, I.; Gladkikh, P.; Grevtsev, V.; Grigor'ev, Y.; Gvozd', A.; Ivashchenko, V.; Karnaukhov, I.; Kovalyova, N.; Kozin, V.; Lapshin, V.; Markov, V.; Mocheshnikov, N.; Mytsykov, A.; Neklyudov, I.; Peev, F.; Reuzayev, A.; Shcherbakov, A.; Skirda, V.; Skomorokhov, V.; Telegin, Y.; Trotsenko, V.; Zelinsky, A.; Zvonaryova, O.] NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Agafonov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Botman, J. I. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Tatchyn, R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Agafonov, A (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Agafonov, Alexey/E-3256-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900019 ER PT S AU Kirz, J Chemla, DS Feinberg, B Hussain, Z Krebs, GF Padmore, HA Robin, DS Robinson, AL Smith, NV Warwick, T AF Kirz, J. Chemla, D. S. Feinberg, B. Hussain, Z. Krebs, G. F. Padmore, H. A. Robin, D. S. Robinson, A. L. Smith, N. V. Warwick, T. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI New strategic plan takes the ALS into the future SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation; insertion devices; x-ray optics; x-ray instrumentation AB A new strategic plan is in place to upgrade the ALS so it can continue to address fundamental questions, such as size-dependent and dimensional-confinement phenomena at the nanoscale; correlation and complexity in physical, biological, and environmental systems; and temporal evolution, assembly, dynamics and ultrafast phenomena. Moreover, the growing number of ALS users (now exceeding 2,000 per year) requires increased attention. Accordingly, our plan concentrates on projects that will continue to make it possible for ALS users to address grand scientific and technological challenges with incisive world-class tools and quality user support. Our highest priority is to begin top-off operation, in which electrons are injected into the storage ring at intervals of approximately I minute. The combination of top-off and concurrent development of small-gap in-vacuum undulators and superconducting undulators will allow an increase in brightness from eight to more than 100 times, depending on the specific undulators and photon energy range. As part of our core mission in the VUV and soft x-ray regions, we plan to exploit these accelerator developments to extend our capabilities for high spatial and temporal resolution and utilize the remarkable coherence properties of the ALS in a new generation of beamlines. Ranked by priority, several proposed beamlines will follow completion of five new beamlines already under construction or funded. The intellectual excitement of the ALS has been a powerful tool in the recruitment and retention of outstanding staff, but additional sustained efforts are required to increase diversity both in gender and in underrepresented groups. To this end, we intend to expand the ALS Doctoral Fellowship Program by giving special emphasis to under-represented groups. We also envision a distinguished postdoctoral fellowship program with the same emphasis, to increase and diversify our pool of candidates for beamline scientist positions. C1 [Kirz, J.; Chemla, D. S.; Feinberg, B.; Hussain, Z.; Krebs, G. F.; Padmore, H. A.; Robin, D. S.; Robinson, A. L.; Smith, N. V.; Warwick, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirz, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kirz, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the many members of the ALS staff and user community who contributed to the formulation of the strategic plan. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 159 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900039 ER PT S AU Tanabe, T Ablett, J Berman, L Harder, DA Hulbert, S Lehecka, M Rakowsky, G Skaritka, J Deyhim, A Johnson, E Kulesza, J Waterman, D AF Tanabe, Toshiya Ablett, James Berman, Lonny Harder, David A. Hulbert, Steve Lehecka, Mike Rakowsky, George Skaritka, John Deyhim, Alex Johnson, Eric Kulesza, Joe Waterman, Dave BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI X-25 cryo-ready in-vacuum undulator at the NSLS SO Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation instrumentation; storage ring; permanent magnet; cryogenic ID SYNCHROTRON-LIGHT-SOURCE AB The existing 15-year-old hybrid wiggler at the NSLS has been replaced by a state-of-the-art, cryo-ready in-vacuum undulator optimized for a dedicated macromolecular crystallography program. The device is a 1m long, 18mm period, hybrid PM-type with a minimum operating gap of 5.6mm, and has provision for cryo-cooling to 150K. Unlike the original SPring-8 cryo-PM undulator proposal, we use a new high-remanence, high-temperature grade of NdFeB (NEOMAX 42AH with Br=1.3T and Hcj=24 We) that can be baked to 100 degrees C to be UHV-ready in case of cooling system failure. A novel optical gap measurement system using a LED-based product ensures gap accuracy of 2 micro meter. A friction stir welding technique is used for the first time in an accelerator UHV device to minimize stress and deformation of the magnet arrays due to temperature gradients. This paper describes design issues of the device and other considerations such as magnetic measurement at low temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanabe, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900065 ER PT S AU Warwick, T McKinney, W Domning, E Doran, A Padmore, H AF Warwick, Tony McKinney, Wayne Domning, Ed Doran, Andrew Padmore, Howard BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI An energy-stabilized varied-line-space-monochromator undulator beam line for PEEM illumination and Magnetic Circular Dichroism SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron beamline monochromator varied line space grating PEEM AB A new undulator beam line has been built and commissioned at the Advanced Light Source for illumination of the PEEM3 microscope. The beam line delivers high flux beams over an energy range from C1s through the transition metals to include the M edges of the magnetic rare earth elements. We present details of the optical design, and data on the performance of the zero-order tracking of the photon energy. C1 [Warwick, Tony; McKinney, Wayne; Domning, Ed; Doran, Andrew; Padmore, Howard] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Warwick, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 FU Office of Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 469 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900109 ER PT S AU Reininger, R Bozek, J Chuang, YD Howells, M Kelez, N Prestemon, S Marks, S Warwick, T Jozwiak, C Lanzara, A Hasan, MZ Hussain, Z AF Reininger, Ruben Bozek, John Chuang, Yi-De Howells, Malcolm Kelez, Nicholas Prestemon, Soren Marks, Steve Warwick, Tony Jozwiak, Chris Lanzara, Alessandra Hasan, M. Zahid Hussain, Zahid BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI MERLIN - A meV resolution beamline at the ALS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE monochromator; EUV; EPU; beamline; ALS ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; UNDULATOR; MONOCHROMATOR; RADIATION; DESIGN; OPTICS AB An ultra-high resolution beamline is being constructed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) for the study of low energy excitations in strongly correlated systems with the use of high-resolution inelastic scattering and angle-resolved photoemission. This new beamline, given the acronym Merlin (for meV resolution line), will cover the energy range 10-150 eV. The monochromator has fixed entrance and exit slits and a plane mirror that can illuminate a spherical grating at the required angle of incidence (as in the SX-700 mechanism). The monochromator can be operated in two different modes. In the highest resolution mode, the energy scanning requires translating the monochromator chamber (total travel 1.1 m) as well as rotating the grating and the plane mirror in front of the grating. The resolution in this mode is practically determined by the slits width. In the second mode, the scanning requires rotating the grating and the plane mirror. This mode can be used to scan a few eV without a significant resolution loss. The source for the beamline is a 1.9 in long, 90 nun period quasi periodic EPU. The expected flux at the sample is higher than 10(11) photons/s at a resolving power of 5x10(4) in the energy range 16-130 eV. A second set of gratings can be used to obtain higher flux at the expense of resolution. C1 [Reininger, Ruben] Sci Answers & Solut, 5708 Restal St, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Bozek, John; Chuang, Yi-De; Howells, Malcolm; Kelez, Nicholas; Prestemon, Soren; Marks, Steve; Warwick, Tony; Jozwiak, Chris; Lanzara, Alessandra; Hasan, M. Zahid; Hussain, Zahid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jozwiak, Chris; Lanzara, Alessandra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hasan, M. Zahid] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Reininger, R (reprint author), Sci Answers & Solut, 5708 Restal St, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 509 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900119 ER PT S AU Kaznacheyev, KV Karunakaran, C Sitnikov, A Loken, D Warwick, T Nagy, M Hitchcock, AP AF Kaznacheyev, K. V. Karunakaran, Ch. Sitnikov, A. Loken, D. Warwick, T. Nagy, M. Hitchcock, A. P. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI High precision mechanical components for soft X-ray beamline: Engineering goal and testing results SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation; soft x-ray beam line; plane grating monochromator ID PLANE-GRATING MONOCHROMATORS AB As the emittance of SR rings approaches the diffraction limit for soft x-rays, one requires not only excellence in design and performance of the optical elements, but also precision and performance of mechanical components, such as mirror manipulators, monochromator scanners and exit slits. We will present simple but efficient solutions for the mechanical systems of this type, commonly encountered in soft x-ray beamlines. These solutions have been implemented and their performance evaluated with test results from the spectromicroscopy bean-dine at the Canadian Light Source. C1 [Kaznacheyev, K. V.; Karunakaran, Ch.; Sitnikov, A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Loken, D.] Full Spectrum Design Grp, Saskatoon, SK S7L 6H5, Canada. [Warwick, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nagy, M.] Johnsen Ultravac Inc, Burlington, ON L7M 1A8, Canada. [Hitchcock, A. P.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Kaznacheyev, KV (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 730 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900174 ER PT S AU Shvyd'ko, YV Kuetgens, U Ruter, HD Lerche, M Alatas, A Zhao, J AF Shvyd'ko, Yu. V. Kuetgens, U. Rueter, H. D. Lerche, M. Alatas, A. Zhao, J. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Progress in the development of new optics for very high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE x-ray optics; inelastic x-ray scattering; angular dispersion; x-ray monochromators; x-ray analyzers ID MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION AB We report on the progress in the development of new optics for very high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy. The principle of monochromatization and spectral analysis exploits the effect of angular dispersion in asymmetric Bragg diffraction in backscattering. It has a potential of monochromatizing medium-energy x-rays (5-10 keV) to meV and sub-meV bandwidths. We observe the effect of angular dispersion and study the performance of a CDW monochromator for 9.1 keV x-rays, based on this principle. The monochromator consists of three crystals playing the role of a collimator (C), a dispersing element (D), and a wavelength selector (W). Two CDW monochromators, with the second one functioning as an analyzer, are used to measure the effect of monochromatization. An energy bandwidth of 2.2 meV for a single monochromator is demonstrated. C1 [Shvyd'ko, Yu. V.; Lerche, M.; Alatas, A.; Zhao, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kuetgens, U.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Rueter, H. D.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22716 Hamburg, Germany. [Lerche, M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Shvyd'ko, YV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 737 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900176 ER PT S AU Fischetti, RF Yoder, DW Xu, SL Stepanov, S Makarov, O Benn, R Corcoran, S Diete, W Schwoerer-Boehing, M Signorato, R Schroeder, L Berman, L Viccaro, PJ Smith, JL AF Fischetti, Robert F. Yoder, Derek W. Xu, Shenglan Stepanov, Sergey Makarov, Oleg Benn, Richard Corcoran, Stephen Diete, Wolfgang Schwoerer-Boehing, Markus Signorato, Riccardo Schroeder, Leif Berman, Lonny Viccaro, P. James Smith, Janet L. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Optical performance of the GM/CA-CAT canted undulator beamlines for protein crystallography SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE monochromator; bimorph; mirror; crystallography ID DESIGN; COMPONENTS; MIRRORS AB A new macromolecular crystallographic facility developed by GM/CA-CAT is operational at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The facility consists of three beamlines: two lines based on the first "hard" dual canted undulators and one bending magnet beamline. The ID lines are operational, and the BM line is being commissioned. Both insertion device (ID) beamlines are independently tunable over a wide energy range. The inboard U:) lines have been upgraded with a new insertion device to provide enhanced performance for MAD phasing experiments near the selenium and bromine K-edges. The ID line monochromators' crystals are indirectly, cryogenically cooled for improved performance and reliability. Focusing is achieved by long bimorph mirrors in a Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry. This paper describes the design of the beam lines and the optical characterization of the mirrors and monochromators. C1 [Fischetti, Robert F.; Yoder, Derek W.; Xu, Shenglan; Stepanov, Sergey; Makarov, Oleg; Benn, Richard; Corcoran, Stephen; Smith, Janet L.] Argonne Natl Lab, GM, CA CAT, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Diete, Wolfgang; Schwoerer-Boehing, Markus; Signorato, Riccardo; Schroeder, Leif] ACCEL Instruments GmbH, D-51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. [Berman, Lonny] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Viccaro, P. James] Univ Chicago, CARS CAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Smith, Janet L.] Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fischetti, RF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, GM, CA CAT, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU National Cancer Institute [Y1-CO-1020]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Y1-GM-1104] FX GM/CA-CAT is funded by the National Cancer Institute (Y1-CO-1020) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Y1-GM-1104). The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. We thank Liz Moog and Roger Dejus of the APS Magnetic Devices Group for their work in the development and construction of the new 3.0 cm undulator. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 754 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900179 ER PT S AU Wang, J Ogata, C Yang, XC Sukumar, N Kourinov, I Capel, M Lynch, AE Rajashankar, K Withrow, J Ealick, S AF Wang, Jun Ogata, Craig Yang, Xiaochun Sukumar, Narayanasami Kourinov, Igor Capel, Malcolm Lynch, A. E. Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta Withrow, James Ealick, Steve BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI NE-CAT upgrade of the bending magnet beamline 8BM at the APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE monochromator; Blu-Ice control system; robot ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB NE-CAT, North East Collaborative Access Team, bending magnet beamline (8BM) is a beamline for protein crystallography. Recently, the beamline has undergone upgrades of its x-ray optics, control system, and the addition of a robot automounter. The first crystal of the double crystal monochromator was replaced by a new design offered by Oxford Danfysik with a micro-finned, direct water-cooled crystal assembly that would provide better cooling and reduced thermal distortion, pressure induced bulge, and residual strain. Gear reduced motors were added to enhance the torque of the bender and obtain better control, For measuring displacement of the bender directly, two linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) were installed to the second crystal assembly. Early optics characterization and analysis has been carried out. Besides the upgrade of the optical components, the Blu-Ice control system originally developed at SSRL has been implemented. The installation of an automated robotic sample mounting system, from the ALS, was carried out in collaboration with the engineering group at LBNL. Preliminary results are presented. C1 [Wang, Jun; Ogata, Craig; Yang, Xiaochun; Sukumar, Narayanasami; Kourinov, Igor; Capel, Malcolm; Lynch, A. E.; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta; Withrow, James; Ealick, Steve] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, NE CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, NE CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 832 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900197 ER PT S AU Feng, RF Gerson, A Ice, G Reininger, R Yates, B McIntyre, S AF Feng, Renfei Gerson, Andrea Ice, Gene Reininger, Ruben Yates, Brian McIntyre, Stewart BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI VESPERS: A beamline for combined XRF and XRD measurements SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence; Laue diffraction; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; microscopic strain; mineral trace analysis; synchrotron; broadband radiation; pink radiation AB VESPERS (VEry Sensitive Elemental and Structural Probe Employing Radiation from a Synchrotron) is a bending magnet beamline that is just beginning construction at the Canadian Light Source. The beamline has several novel design elements that are intended to increase its operating flexibility and availability to users. First, there is a requirement to deliver a microscopic beam with a variable bandwidth, thus enabling the generation of Laue diffraction patterns and high yield X-ray fluorescence spectra from the same region preferably simultaneously. Thus, the bandpass of the VESPERS monochromator can be readily changed to focus radiation into the same 2-4 micron diameter area that is either polychromatic or having a bandwidth of 10%, 1.6% or 0.01%. This allows the user to change the diffraction pattern to suit the complexity of the crystal and the spectral signal to noise ratio to suit the detection sensitivity required. Second, the beamline is designed to have two branches capable of operating simultaneously and virtually independently using the same primary optics. These design features are accomplished using four separate beams originating at four pinholes at the entry to the Primary Optical Enclosure. The compound focus design uses spherical mirrors to focus both polychromatic and pre-monochromatic beams onto the intermediate slits. A pair of bendable K-B mirrors in the experimental hutch is used to demagnify the beam further down to micron size. The photon energy of this beamline is 6-30 keV. C1 [Feng, Renfei; Yates, Brian] Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Gerson, Andrea] Univ South Australia, Appl Ctr Struct & Synchrotron Studies, Adelaide, SA 5905, Australia. [Ice, Gene] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reininger, Ruben] Sci Answers & Solut, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [McIntyre, Stewart] Univ Western Ontario, Surface Sci Western, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Feng, RF (reprint author), Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RI Gerson, Andrea/F-4268-2013 FU Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Provinces of Ontario and Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada FX Financial support of this work is provided by Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Provinces of Ontario and Saskatchewan, and Western Economic Diversification Canada. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 872 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900207 ER PT S AU Kirby, N Boldeman, JW Gentle, I Cookson, D AF Kirby, N. Boldeman, J. W. Gentle, I. Cookson, D. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Conceptual design of the small angle scattering beamline at the Australian Synchrotron SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE small angle x-ray scattering AB A high performance small angle and wide angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) beamline is one of the initial suite of beamlines to be built at the Australian Synchrotron [1]. Synchrotron capabilities will also complement new small angle neutron scattering facilities at ANSTO, Sydney. As with our other beamlines, the SAXS/WAXS bean-dine will be purchased as a "turn-key" contract through commercial suppliers. Design work conducted within the Australian Synchrotron has reached the final conceptual design stage. Detailed engineering and final optical design contracts are currently in progress. The optical design of this bean-dine is specifically optimised for SAXS analysis. WAXS capabilities will be facilitated as part of endstation design. C1 [Kirby, N.; Boldeman, J. W.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Gentle, I.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Cookson, D.] Australian Synchrotron Res Program & ChemMatCARS, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Kirby, N (reprint author), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RI Gentle, Ian/A-8975-2011 OI Gentle, Ian/0000-0001-5573-7868 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 887 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900211 ER PT S AU Flechsig, U Abela, R Betemps, R Blumer, H Frank, K Jaggi, A MacDowell, AA Padmore, HA Schonherr, V Ulrich, I Walther, H Zelenika, S Zumbach, C AF Flechsig, U. Abela, R. Betemps, R. Blumer, H. Frank, K. Jaggi, A. MacDowell, A. A. Padmore, H. A. Schoenherr, V. Ulrich, I. Walther, H. Zelenika, S. Zumbach, C. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI The SLS optics beamline SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation; beamline optics; channel cut monochromator; cryogenic cooling ID MIRROR; DESIGN AB A multipurpose beamline for tests and developments in the field of x-ray optics and synchrotron radiation instrumentation in general is under construction at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) bending magnet X05DA. The beamline uses a newly developed UHV compatible, 100 mu m thick, brazed CVD diamond vacuum window. The very compact cryo-genically cooled channel cut Si(111) monochromator and bendable 1:1 toroidal focusing mirror at 7.75 m from the source point are installed inside the shielding tunnel. The beamline covers a photon energy range of about 6 to 17 keV We expect 5 center dot 10(11) photons/s within a 100 mu m spot and a resolving power of 1300. The monochromator and focusing mirror can be retracted independently for unfocused monochromatic and focused "white" light operation respectively. C1 [Flechsig, U.; Abela, R.; Betemps, R.; Blumer, H.; Frank, K.; Jaggi, A.; MacDowell, A. A.; Padmore, H. A.; Schoenherr, V.; Ulrich, I.; Walther, H.; Zelenika, S.; Zumbach, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Frank, K.; MacDowell, A. A.; Padmore, H. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zelenika, S.] Univ Rijeka, Dept Machine Design, Rijeka, Croatia. RP Flechsig, U (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Zelenika, Sasa/D-8537-2017 OI Zelenika, Sasa/0000-0003-1536-0132 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 890 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900212 ER PT S AU Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Lerche, M Lin, JF Alp, EE AF Zhao, Jiyong Sturhahn, Wolfgang Lerche, Michael Lin, Jung-Fu Alp, Ercan E. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI A new experimental capability for nuclear resonant scattering under simultaneous high pressure and high temperature at 3-ID, APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE high pressure; high temperature; nuclear resonant scattering ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; IRON AB A laser-heated diamond anvil cell system has been designed and implemented for nuclear resonant scattering at beamline 3-ID of the Advance Photon Source. A stable sample temperature up to 1700K was maintained with a variation of +/- 100K for more than 10 hours. This gives us a unique capability to study magnetic, elastic, thermodynamic, and vibrational properties of materials using nuclear resonant scattering under simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The details of the system design will be presented and some experimental applications will be discussed in this paper. C1 [Zhao, Jiyong; Sturhahn, Wolfgang; Alp, Ercan E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lerche, Michael] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lin, Jung-Fu] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhao, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX We thank Drs. G.Y. Shen, H.K. Mao, V. Prakapenka, M. Yue, M.L. River, and J. M. Jackson for their help during our LHDAC system construction and testing. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 894 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900213 ER PT S AU Sandy, AR Jiao, X Narayanan, S Sprung, M AF Sandy, A. R. Jiao, X. Narayanan, S. Sprung, M. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Contrast and stability improvements for XPCS measurements at beamline 8-ID-I at the APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE photon correlation; XPCS ID X-RAY-SCATTERING AB We have embarked upon a systematic program to optimize all aspects of small-angle-x-ray-scattering x-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy experiments performed at beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). We describe two recent efforts, namely better synchronized CCD shutter control and a re-engineered experiment station layout that has resulted in a 70% increase in optical contrast and a greater than 300% increase in experiment stability. Together these two improvements extend the dynamic range of time scales that can be probed at APS beamline 8-ID-I by one decade. C1 [Sandy, A. R.; Jiao, X.; Narayanan, S.; Sprung, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandy, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX We acknowledge the assistance of J. Sullivan, S. Ross and B. Tieman with experiment controls and the expert technical assistance of H. Gibson. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 898 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900214 ER PT S AU Narayanan, S Sandy, AR Sprung, M Sullivan, J Preissner, C Shu, D AF Narayanan, S. Sandy, A. R. Sprung, M. Sullivan, J. Preissner, C. Shu, D. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Initial characterization and design of an UHV-compatible artificial channel-cut monochromator SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE x-ray optics; synchrotron radiation; x-ray monochromator AB We present initial characterization results of a novel ultra-high-vacuum-compatible artificial channel-cut monochromator that has been installed as part of undulator beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source. We present details of the mechanical design and control-system implementation of the new device. The monochromator has been designed to meet the challenging stability and optical requirements of the x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy program hosted at this beamline. In particular, the device incorporates a novel in-vacuum sine-bar drive mechanism for the combined pitch motion of the two crystals and a flexure-based high-stiffness weak-link mechanism for fine tuning the pitch and roll of the second crystal relative to the first crystal. C1 [Narayanan, S.; Sandy, A. R.; Sprung, M.; Sullivan, J.; Preissner, C.; Shu, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sullivan, J.; Preissner, C.; Shu, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX A significant portion of the construction costs of the monochromator was provided by an APS X-Ray Operations and Research Beamline Award that we gratefully acknowledge. we also the expert technical assistance of D.Nocher, H.Gibson, M.Muscia, and R.Ranay. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No.W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 911 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900217 ER PT S AU van der Linden, P Wille, HC Shvyd'ko, YV AF van der Linden, P. Wille, H. -C. Shvyd'ko, Yu. V. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI High resolution sapphire Bragg backscattering monochromator SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE X-ray monochromator; x-ray spectroscopy; Mossbauer effect; x-ray nuclear scattering AB We present a temperature stabilised high resolution sapphire backscattering monochromator. The device consists of a sapphire crystal inside a cold nitrogen gas cooled, temperature stabilised chamber with a passively temperature stabilised screen. The achieved temperature stability of +/- 2mK allows for an energy resolution of Delta E/E <= 10(-7) at energies in the range of 30-70 keV. The device was developed for nuclear resonant scattering above 30 keV, where appropriate solutions did not exist until now. C1 [van der Linden, P.; Wille, H. -C.; Shvyd'ko, Yu. V.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Shvyd'ko, Yu. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van der Linden, P (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 915 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900218 ER PT S AU Wang, YJ Narayanan, S Liu, JY Shu, DM Wang, J AF Wang, Yujie Narayanan, Suresh Liu, Jinyuan Shu, Deming Wang, Jin BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Developing a sagittally focusing double-multilayer monochromator SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE x-ray optics; synchrotron radiation; sagittally focusing double-multilayer monochromator; x-radiography ID PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS; FUEL SPRAYS; DIFFRACTION AB We report the development of a sagittally focusing double multilayer monochromator to produce a spatially extended, wide-bandpass x-ray beam from intense synchrotron bending-magnet source at the Advanced Photon Source for ultrafast x-radiography and -tomography applications. This monochromator consists of the two W/B4C multilayers with a 25-angstrom periodicity coated on Si single-crystal substrates. The second crystal is mounted on a saggitally focusing bender which can dynamically change the bending radius of the crystal in order to focus the beam to various points along the beamline. With this new apparatus, it becomes possible to adjust the x-ray beam size to best match the area detector size and the object size to facilitate a more efficient data collection using ultrafast x-radiography and -tomography. C1 [Wang, Yujie; Narayanan, Suresh; Liu, Jinyuan; Shu, Deming; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI wang, yujie/C-2582-2015 FU Office of FreedomCAR and Vhicle Technology Program of U. S. Department Energy (DoE); U. S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We would like to thank the support of Ali Mashayekhi, Dean Haeffner and Roger Ranay at Sector 1 of APS. This work was supported by Office of FreedomCAR and Vhicle Technology Program of the U. S. Department Energy (DoE) and the use of the APS were supported by the U. S. DoE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 937 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900224 ER PT S AU Dufresne, EM Arms, DA Landahl, EC Walko, DA AF Dufresne, Eric M. Arms, Dohn A. Landahl, Eric C. Walko, Donald A. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Impact of pressure regulation of cryogenic fluids and EPICS EPID feedback on the monochromatic beam position stability of the 7ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE beam stability; PID feedback; cryogenic fluids ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MONITOR; DESIGN AB The first crystal mount of the double-crystal Si (111) cryogenically cooled monochromator of the 7ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is slightly sensitive to pressure variations in the cryogenic lines. Pressure variations during a liquid nitrogen cryocooler fill every 4 hours move the beam by tens of microns. Pressure variations due to the cryocooler closed-loop pressure control with a heater element (around 0.3 psi) move the beam by 5 microns every 15 seconds. We have recently stabilized the coolant pressure with a simple pressure regulator that is in use at many beamlines of the APS. This paper shows the improvements in beam position stability made using this simple yet effective pressure-regulation circuit. We also recently added beam-position feedback to the second-crystal Bragg angle of the monochromator. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) Enhanced Proportional-Integral-Differential (EPID) feedback record implementation resulted in an additional improvement of the standard deviation of the beam position to 0.5 mu m. C1 [Dufresne, Eric M.; Arms, Dohn A.; Landahl, Eric C.; Walko, Donald A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dufresne, Eric M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER46023] FX The regulator system described above was first implemented on beamlines 11 and 12 ID of the APS. The first test of the system (see Fig. 3) was done with a Omega 0-60 psi regulator borrowed from beamline 61D. We wish to thank Harold Gibson, and Dean Wyncott for technical assistance. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. This work was conducted at the MHATT-XOR insertion device beamline at the Advanced Photon Source and was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy, Grants No. DE-FG02-03ER46023. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 950 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900227 ER PT S AU Pereira, NR Dufresne, EM Arms, DA AF Pereira, N. R. Dufresne, E. M. Arms, D. A. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Large aperture x-ray refractive lens from lithium. SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE refractive optics ID OPTICS; METAL; MONOCHROMATOR AB Lithium's low x-ray absorption should give refractive x-ray optics their highest possible performance. We made low-cost lithium lenses that are easy to align and match the similar to 1 mm beam size. This paper summarizes lithium lens performance to date, and what might be done in the future. C1 [Dufresne, E. M.; Arms, D. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pereira, N. R.] Po Box 528, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. [Dufresne, E. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Pereira, NR (reprint author), POB 528, Springfield, VA 22152 USA.; Pereira, NR (reprint author), Po Box 528, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. EM pereira@speakeasy.net NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 985 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900235 ER PT S AU Young, K Khounsary, A Jansen, AN Dufresne, EM Nash, P AF Young, Kristina Khounsary, Ali Jansen, Andrew N. Dufresne, Eric M. Nash, Philip BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Fabrication and performance of a lithium X-ray lens SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE focusing; x-ray lens; Compound Refractive Lens; lithium ID REFRACTIVE OPTICS; COMPOUND LENSES; BERYLLIUM; METAL AB Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are arrays of concave lenses whose simple design and case in implementation and alignment make them an attractive optic to focus x-rays. Factors considered in designing CRLs include lens material, fabrication, and assembly. Lithium is a desirable material because it provides the largest index of refraction decrement per unit absorption length of any solid elements. Lithium is a difficult material to handle and fabricate because it is rather malleable and more importantly, it reacts with moisture, and to a lesser extent, with oxygen and nitrogen in air. It also tends to adhere to molds and dies. We report on the fabrication and performance of a parabolic lithium lens consisting of 32 lenslets. Lenslets are fabricated in a precision press using an indenter with a parabolic profile and a 100 mu m tip radius. The indenter is made of stainless steel and is figured using a computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine. The lens is designed to have a 1.7 in focal length at 10 keV energy. In an experiment conducted at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm monochromatic undulator beam strikes the lens. A focal length of 1.71, a focal spot size of 24 mu m x 34 mu m, and a peak intensity gain of over 18 are obtained. C1 [Young, Kristina; Khounsary, Ali; Dufresne, Eric M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jansen, Andrew N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Young, Kristina; Khounsary, Ali; Nash, Philip] IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Young, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016; OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790; Nash, Philip/0000-0003-2975-8512 FU U.S. DOE; Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This experiment was performed at the MHATT-CAT 7ID beamline at the Advance Photon Source. This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The authors would also like to thank Nino Pereira for the many discussions and advice during the development of this lens, and Lahsen Assoufid for assistance with lens and indenter characterization. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 989 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900236 ER PT S AU Smith, S Shu, D Bergstrom, J Jiang, DT AF Smith, S. Shu, D. Bergstrom, J. Jiang, D. T. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Front end x-ray beam position monitors at the CLS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron; storage ring; front end; beam position monitor ID TESTS AB Front end x-ray beam position monitors (FE XBPM) have been designed and implemented at the Canadian Light Source (CLS, 2.9 GeV, 500 mA) to dynamically provide spatial coordinates of the centre of gravity of the synchrotron radiation intensity profile. At the CLS these fiducialized coordinates are used primarily for beamline performance diagnosis. Currently they are in use on three beamlines: HXMA (06ID-1), CMCF (08ID-1), and XSR (02B2-2) which are sourced by superconducting wiggler, in-vacuum small gap undulator and bending magnet, respectively. The monitors are all based on photoelectric yield detection mechanism by inserting high heat load capacity conducting probes into the periphery of the radiation central cone. The design and commissioning performance of these XBPMs will be discussed. C1 [Smith, S.; Bergstrom, J.; Jiang, D. T.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Shu, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jiang, D. T.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. FU NSERC; NRC; CIHR; University of Saskatchewan FX The authors would like to thank C. Bodnarchuk, C. Mullin, E. Matis, T. Wilson for technical assistance during this project. The research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by NSERC, NRC, CIHR, and the University of Saskatchewan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1002 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900239 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Singh, O Hahne, M Decker, G AF Shu, Deming Singh, Om Hahne, Michael Decker, Glenn BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Design updates of the x-ray beam position monitor for beamline front ends SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE x-ray beam position monitor; beamline front ends; photon source stability ID ADVANCED-PHOTON-SOURCE AB At the Advanced Photon Source (APS), each insertion device (ID) beamline front end has two x-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) to monitor the x-ray beam position in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The XBPMs measure photoelectrons generated from the CVD-diamond-based sensory blades and deduce the beam position by comparison of the relative signals from the blades. Using the method proposed by G. Decker, which involves the introduction of a chicane into the accelerator lattice that directs unwanted x-rays away from the photosensitive XBPM blades, the photon source stability has been improved by addition of XBPMs in the storage ring global orbit feedback. In recent years, design updates for the XBPM mechanical structure and geometric configuration have been made to improve its performance. We present these design updates in this paper. Test results of the XBPM design updates are also discussed here. C1 [Shu, Deming] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Singh, Om; Hahne, Michael; Decker, Glenn] Natl Synchrot Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors would like to thank M. Muscia, and R. Ranay from the Argonne National Laboratory for their help in the development of the updated ID XBPM. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1014 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900242 ER PT S AU Jiang, DT Shu, D Sheng, W AF Jiang, D. T. Shu, D. Sheng, W. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Canadian Light Source front ends development SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation; storage ring; beamline; front end ID ADVANCED-PHOTON-SOURCE; DESIGN AB Beamline front ends at the Canadian Light Source have been designed for single insertion device, double canted insertion device and bending magnet sources in the first phase of the facility construction. The commissioning results for all the three types of front ends appear satisfactory. In this report the design considerations in terms of the insertion device radiation heat load, radiation shielding, beam position diagnostics and vacuum interlocking are described. The constructed front ends and present commissioning status are illustrated. C1 [Jiang, D. T.; Sheng, W.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Shu, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, DT (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1022 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900244 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Wang, J Preissner, C AF Shu, Deming Wang, Jin Preissner, Curt BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Thin, x-ray-transparent windows for imaging applications with a pneumatically pressurized enclosure SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE x-ray transparent windows; pressurized enclosure; x-ray imaging AB We have developed a novel thin, x-ray-transparent window system for environmental chambers involving pneumatic pressures above 10 bar. The windows allow for x-ray access to fuel sprays injected into a pressurized chamber that mimics realistic internal combustion engine cylinder operating conditions. The design of the window system and its experimental test results are presented in this paper, as well as its further development for in situ x-ray imaging applications in a high-pressure and high-temperature environment. C1 [Shu, Deming; Wang, Jin; Preissner, Curt] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors would like to thank Daniel Nocher, Christopher F. Powell, Seong-Kyun Cheong, and Rogelio Ranayfrom the Argonne National Laboratory for their help in the windowstest. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1049 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900251 ER PT S AU Jaski, Y Cookson, D AF Jaski, Yifei Cookson, David BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Design and application of CVD diamond windows for x-rays at the Advanced Photon Source SO Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE front end; undulator; window; high heat load; small angle scattering AB Two types of directly cooled, 0.2-mm-thick, 8-mm-diameter clear aperture CVD diamond windows have been designed and successfully fabricated by two different vendors for use at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Both windows contain a direct bruze joint between the diamond and the cooled OFHC copper. These windows can be used to replace the front-end beryllium windows in high-heat-load applications and can be used as white beam windows in the beamlines. This paper presents the detailed design of the diamond windows, the thermal analysis of the diamond window under different thermal load configurations, as well as a complete list of the existing APS front-end beryllium window configurations and replacement scenarios. Small-angle scattering experiments have been conducted on both diamond windows and a polished beryllium window, and the results are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jaski, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1053 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900252 ER PT S AU Benson, C Jaski, Y Maser, J Powers, T Schmidt, O Rossi, E AF Benson, C. Jaski, Y. Maser, J. Powers, T. Schmidt, O. Rossi, E. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI White beam slits and pink beam slits for the hard x-ray nanoprobe beamline at the Advanced Photon Source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE X-ray; slits; white beam; pink beam; beamlines; nanoprobe ID DESIGN AB A new type of slit has been designed for use in the hard x-ray nanoprobe beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The design incorporates monolithic GlidCop slit bodies mounted to commercially available x-y drive systems. Long, tapered apertures with adjacent water-cooling channels intercept the x-ray beam, removing the high heat load produced by two collinear APS undulators. The apertures are L-shaped and provide both horizontal and vertical slits. The beam-defining edges, positioned at the end of the tapered surfaces, consist of two sets of tungsten blades. These blades produce an exit beam with sharp corners and assure a clean cut-off for the white beam edges. The slit assembly is designed to allow overlap of the slit edges to stop the beam. The white beam slit design accommodates 3100 W of total power with a peak power density of 763 W/mm(2). The pink beam slit design accommodates 400 W of total power with a peak power density of 180 W/mm(2). Detailed thermal analyses were performed to verify the slits' accuracy under full beam loading. The new concept allows beamline operations to 180 mA with a simplified design approach. C1 [Benson, C.; Jaski, Y.; Powers, T.; Schmidt, O.; Rossi, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benson, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1061 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900254 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Cai, ZH Lai, B AF Shu, Deming Cai, Zhonghou Lai, Barry BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI A gas-spring-loaded x-y-z stage system for x-ray microdiffraction sample manipulation SO Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE sample manipulation; gas-spring; x-y-z stages; microdiffraction AB We have designed and constructed a gas-spring-loaded x-y-z stage system for x-ray microdiffraction sample manipulation at the Advanced Photon Source XOR 2-ID-D station. The stage system includes three DC-motor-driven linear stages and a gas-spring-based heavy preloading structure, which provides antigravity forces to ensure that the stage system keeps high-positioning performance under variable goniometer orientation. Microdiffraction experiments with this new stage system showed significant sample manipulation performance improvement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1065 EP 1068 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900255 ER PT S AU Shu, D Toellner, TS Alp, EE Maser, J Ilavsky, J Shastri, SD Lee, PL Narayanan, S Long, GG AF Shu, D. Toellner, T. S. Alp, E. E. Maser, J. Ilavsky, J. Shastri, S. D. Lee, P. L. Narayanan, S. Long, G. G. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Applications of laminar weak-link mechanisms for ultraprecision synchrotron radiation instruments SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE weak-link mechanism; flexure mechanism; x-ray monochromator; x-ray microscope ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; RESONANT SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; BEAMLINE AB Unlike traditional kinematic flexure mechanisms, laminar overconstrained weak-link mechanisms provide much higher structure stiffness and stability. Using a laminar structure configured and manufactured by chemical etching and lithography techniques, we are able to design and build linear and rotary weak-link mechanisms with ultrahigh positioning sensitivity and stability for synchrotron radiation applications. Applications of laminar rotary weak-link mechanism include: high-energy-resolution monochromators for inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray analyzers for ultrasmall-angle scattering and powder-diffraction experiments. Applications of laminar linear weak-link mechanism include high-stiffness piezo-driven stages with subnanometer resolution for an x-ray microscope. In this paper, we summarize the recent designs and applications of the laminar weak-link mechanisms at the Advanced Photon Source. C1 [Shu, D.; Toellner, T. S.; Alp, E. E.; Maser, J.; Ilavsky, J.; Shastri, S. D.; Lee, P. L.; Narayanan, S.; Long, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors would like to thank D. Nocher, M. Muscia, and R. Ranay from the Argonne National Laboratory for their help in the development of laminar weak-link mechanisms . This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1073 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900257 ER PT S AU Marschand, LW Jiao, XS Sprung, M Kubik, D Tieman, B Lurio, LB Sandy, AR AF Marschand, Lyle W. Jiao, Xuesong Sprung, Michael Kubik, Donna Tieman, Brian Lurio, Laurence B. Sandy, Alec R. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Adaptation of a commercial optical CMOS image sensor for direct-detection fast X-ray imaging SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE area detector; x-ray imaging; CMOS camera; small angle x-ray scattering; SAXS; photon correlation spectroscopy; XPCS ID PHOTON-CORRELATION; SCATTERING AB We have adapted a commercial CMOS optical image sensor for use as a fast x-ray detector. The sensor was used in a mode where the x-rays impinge directly on the sensor. Area detectors can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of acquired data in the low photon count rate situations (even at 3(rd) generation synchrotron sources) encountered in both small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments,. CCD area detectors have been used for these types of experiments, but the relatively slow readout times typical of CCDs limit their use for studying the dynamics and kinetics of many samples. We characterized the performance of a CMOS optical detector for use in XPCS experiments. C1 [Marschand, Lyle W.; Kubik, Donna; Lurio, Laurence B.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Jiao, Xuesong; Sprung, Michael; Tieman, Brian; Sandy, Alec R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marschand, LW (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU Department of Education; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Funding for this work was provided by the Department of Education. Use of the APS was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1172 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900281 ER PT S AU Siddons, DP Kuczewski, AJ Yu, B Warren, J Rudati, J Fuoss, P Hastings, JB Kaspar, JD Meyer, DA AF Siddons, D. Peter Kuczewski, Anthony J. Yu, Bo Warren, John Rudati, Juana Fuoss, Paul Hastings, Jerome B. Kaspar, Jen D. Meyer, Drew A. CA SPPS Collaboration BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Detectors for ultrafast X-ray experiments at SPPS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE detector; position; low-noise AB The paper describes two detectors designed specifically for the SPPS ultrafast x-ray source, one of which provides 2-D position and intensity information, and the other acts as a low-noise point detector for diffraction experiments. The beam position monitor (BPM) was used as a reference detector for most of the experiments performed there, and the point detector was used for pump-probe experiments involving phonons in bismuth and on photosensitive metal-organic crystals. The schedule for development of these detectors was extremely tight, so as much as possible we used available designs for amplifiers etc. C1 [Siddons, D. Peter; Kuczewski, Anthony J.; Yu, Bo; Warren, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rudati, Juana; Fuoss, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hastings, Jerome B.; Kaspar, Jen D.; Meyer, Drew A.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Siddons, DP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1176 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900282 ER PT S AU Heimann, PA Glover, TE Plate, D Lee, HJ Brown, VC Padmore, HA Schoenlein, RW AF Heimann, P. A. Glover, T. E. Plate, D. Lee, H. J. Brown, V. C. Padmore, H. A. Schoenlein, R. W. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI The advanced light source (ALS) slicing undulator beamline SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE beamline; electron beam slicing and x-ray absorption ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB A beamline optimized for the bunch slicing technique has been construction at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). This beamline includes an in-vacuum undulator, soft and hard x-ray beamlines and a ferntosecond laser system. The soft x-ray beamline may operate in spectrometer mode, where an entire absorption spectrum is accumulated at one time, or in monochromator mode. The ferntosecond laser system has a high repetition rate of 20 kHz to improve the average slicing flux. The performance of the soft x-ray branch of the ALS slicing undulator beamline will be presented. C1 [Heimann, P. A.; Glover, T. E.; Plate, D.; Brown, V. C.; Padmore, H. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, H. J.] Univ California, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schoenlein, R. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1195 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900285 ER PT S AU Heigl, F Jurgensen, A Zhou, XT Lam, S Murphy, M Ko, JYP Sham, TK Rosenberg, RA Gordon, R Brewe, D Regier, T Armelao, L AF Heigl, F. Juergensen, A. Zhou, X. -T. Lam, S. Murphy, M. Ko, J. Y. P. Sham, T. K. Rosenberg, R. A. Gordon, R. Brewe, D. Regier, T. Armelao, L. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Dynamic view on nanostructures: A technique for time resolved optical luminescence using synchrotron light pulses at SRC, APS, and CLS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE XEOL; timing; synchrotron radiation; nanotechnology ID NANOWIRES AB We present an experimental technique using the time structure of synchrotron radiation to study time resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence. In particular we are taking advantage of the bunched distribution of electrons in a synchrotron storage ring, giving short x-ray pulses (10-10(2) picoseconds) which are separated by non-radiating gaps on the nano- to tens of nanosecond scale - sufficiently wide to study a broad range of optical decay channels observed in advanced nanostructured materials. C1 [Heigl, F.; Juergensen, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhou, X. -T.; Lam, S.; Murphy, M.; Ko, J. Y. P.; Sham, T. K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON, Canada. [Rosenberg, R. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gordon, R.; Brewe, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, PNC CAT, Argonne, IL USA. [Regier, T.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Armelao, L.] ISTM CNR, Dept Chem, Padua, Italy. RP Heigl, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 FU NSERC; CFI; CRC(TKS); OIT; NSERC MFA; NSF [DMR-0084402]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office ofScience; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR); FIRB [RBNE033KMA] FX National Science Foundation, U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, National Research Council Canada, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Research at UWO is supported by NSERC, CFI, CRC(TKS) and OIT. CSRF, CLS and the Canadian component at PNC-CAT/APS are supported by NSERC MFA grants. Synchrotron Radiation Center, UWMadison, is supported by the NSF under Award No. DMR-0084402. The work performed at the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office ofScience, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) is also acknowledged for the FIRB Research Program RBNE033KMA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1202 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900287 ER PT S AU Young, AT Bartelt, A Byrd, J Comin, A Feng, J Huang, G Nasiatka, J Qiang, J Scholl, A Shin, HJ Wan, WS Padmore, HA AF Young, A. T. Bartelt, A. Byrd, J. Comin, A. Feng, J. Huang, G. Nasiatka, J. Qiang, J. Scholl, A. Shin, Hyun-Joon Wan, Weishi Padmore, H. A. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI An ultrafast X-ray detection system for the study of magnetization dynamics SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE ultrafast magnetism; XMCD; streak camera AB We describe the development of a streak camera system optimized for use in time-resolved x-ray absorption studies. Computer simulations of the system characteristics have been performed and a working version of the camera has been developed. The system has been used to perform time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments on a number of magnetic systems. These experiments demonstrate utility of the technique. Finally, concepts for improving the time resolution to the sub-picosecond level are discussed. C1 [Young, A. T.; Bartelt, A.; Comin, A.; Feng, J.; Nasiatka, J.; Scholl, A.; Shin, Hyun-Joon; Wan, Weishi; Padmore, H. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Byrd, J.; Huang, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shin, Hyun-Joon] Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang, South Korea. RP Young, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Comin, Alberto/A-3002-2011; Huang, Gang/I-7772-2013 OI Comin, Alberto/0000-0001-8744-3944; FU Director, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH 11231.] FX The authors would like to acknowledge contributions to this work by Roger Falcone, Dana Weinstein, and Andrew MacPhee, U.C. Berkeley. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. zDE-ACO2-05CH 11231. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1206 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900288 ER PT S AU Dufresne, EM Adams, B Landahl, EC Khounsary, AM Reis, D Fritz, DM Lee, S AF Dufresne, Eric M. Adams, Bernhard Landahl, Eric C. Khounsary, Ali M. Reis, David Fritz, David M. Lee, SooHeyong BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Studies of ultrafast femtosecond-laser-generated strain fields with coherent X-rays SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE ultrafast lasers; coherent X-ray imaging; laser-induced strain fields AB In its 324 bunch-mode of operation, the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has opened new avenues of femtosecond-laser science and techniques. In this new mode, if one uses the tightly focused low-pulse energy (nJ), high repetition rate fs-laser Ti:sapphire oscillator (88 MHz) on beandine 7ID, every laser pulse and X-ray bunch can be overlapped and delayed with respect to each other, resulting in a high-repetition rate pump-probe experiment that uses all the APS X-ray bunches. This paper describes an example of how coherent X-ray experiments may be used to study laser-generated strain fields in semiconductors. With an oscillator beam focused to 6 mu m onto GaAs, we have observed coherent X-ray diffraction patterns with a high-resolution camera. We have developed two techniques to observe the strain field, a topographic technique and a coherent diffraction technique. The topographic technique is quite useful to achieve a coarse spatial overlap of the the laser and X-ray beams. The coherent X-ray technique allows one to push the alignment to a few microns. This paper focuses solely on the latter technique. This experiment may help to develop techniques that will be used at the future free electron laser sources, where coherent and pump-probe experiments can be done simultaneously. C1 [Dufresne, Eric M.; Adams, Bernhard; Landahl, Eric C.; Khounsary, Ali M.; Lee, SooHeyong] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Reis, David; Fritz, David M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. This work was conducted at the MHATT-XOR 71D beamline at the APS. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1210 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900289 ER PT S AU Hohr, C Peterson, E Landahl, E Walko, DA Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Young, L AF Hoehr, C. Peterson, E. Landahl, E. Walko, D. A. Dunford, R. W. Kanter, E. P. Young, L. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI A simple short-range point-focusing spatial filter for time-resolved X-ray fluorescence SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE time-resolved x-ray fluorescence; point focusing spatial filter; Argonne Advanced Photon Source ID SCATTERING AB A simple, compact, point-focusing spatial filter for x-ray fluorescence is presented. This construction maintains the large solid angle and directionality of existing designs but is more easily machined. Combined with a selective absorber, it can be used as an x-ray low-pass filter; this is one common approach taken in inelastic x-ray scattering studies and fluorescence spectroscopy. When combined with a scintillation detector, this device forms a large solid angle energy-selective x-ray detector with ns-scale time resolution that is useful for timing studies. C1 [Hoehr, C.; Peterson, E.; Landahl, E.; Walko, D. A.; Dunford, R. W.; Kanter, E. P.; Young, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hohr, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Chemical Sciences, Geoseiences, and Biosciences Division; Advai)ed Photon Source by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We are very thankful to Gerry Seidler, Ed Stem, and Steve Heald for fmitful discussions and the loan of an absorption filter. This work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geoseiences, and Biosciences Division and the Advai)ed Photon Source by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1226 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900293 ER PT S AU Chao, WL Anderson, EH Harteneck, BD Liddle, JA Attwood, DT AF Chao, Weilun Anderson, Erik H. Harteneck, Bruce D. Liddle, J. Alexander Attwood, David T. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Soft X-ray zone plate microscopy to 10 nm resolution with XM-1 at the ALS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE zone plate microscopy; overlay zone plate fabrication; electron beam lithography; spatial resolution ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB Soft x-ray zone plate microscopy provides a unique combination of capabilities that complement those of electron and scanning probe microscopies. Tremendous efforts are taken worldwide to achieve sub-10 rim resolution, which will permit extension of x-ray microscopy to a broader range of nanosciences and nanotechnologies. In this paper, the overlay nanofabrication technique is described, which permits zone width of 15 nm and below to be fabricated. The fabrication results of 12 nm zone plates, and the stacking of identical zone patterns for higher aspect ratio, are discussed. C1 [Chao, Weilun; Attwood, David T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Anderson, Erik H.; Harteneck, Bruce D.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU National Science Foundation's Engineering Research Centre Program; Department of Energy's Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundations Engineering Research Centre Program, the Department of Energys Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1269 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900303 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Larson, BC Liu, W Barabash, RI Specht, ED Pang, JWL Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Khounsary, A Liu, C Macrander, AT Assoufid, L AF Ice, G. E. Larson, B. C. Liu, W. Barabash, R. I. Specht, E. D. Pang, J. W. L. Budai, J. D. Tischler, J. Z. Khounsary, A. Liu, C. Macrander, A. T. Assoufid, L. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Polychromatic X-ray micro- and nano-beam science and instrumentation SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE X-ray; microbeam; nanobeam; focusing; diffraction ID KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ MIRRORS; MICRODIFFRACTION; DIFFRACTION; FILMS AB Polychromatic x-ray micro- and nano-beam diffraction is an emerging nondestructive tool for the study of local crystalline structure and defect distributions. Both long-standing fundamental materials science issues, and technologically important questions about specific materials systems can be uniquely addressed. Spatial resolution is determined by the beam size at the sample and by a knife-edge technique called differential aperture microscopy that decodes the origin of scattering from along the penetrating x-ray beam. First-generation instrumentation on station 34-IDE at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) allows for nondestructive automated recovery of the three-dimensional (3D) local crystal phase and orientation. Also recovered are the local elastic-strain and the dislocation tensor distributions. New instrumentation now under development will farther extend the applications of polychromatic microdiffraction and will revolutionize materials characterization. C1 [Ice, G. E.; Larson, B. C.; Liu, W.; Barabash, R. I.; Specht, E. D.; Pang, J. W. L.; Budai, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Khounsary, A.; Liu, C.; Macrander, A. T.; Assoufid, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division (DOE); Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Science; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division (DOE), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Experiments were performed on Unicat beamline 34-ID at the Advanced Photon Source Argonne Il. Both 34-ID and the APS are supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science.The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1299 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900310 ER PT S AU Lai, B Vogt, S Maser, J AF Lai, B. Vogt, S. Maser, J. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Beamline design for a BioNanoprobe: Stability and coherence SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE beamline design; nanoprobe; coherence; stability AB For scanning x-ray microprobes, the angle of the incident beam is required to be stable to better than one microradian during the course of an experiment. This is a very stringent requirement even more so for micro-XAS measurements when the monochromator energy has to be scanned over hundreds of eV. At the same time, the horizontal emittance of the electron source at most synchrotron facilities is much too large to provide coherent illumination of the microfocusing optics. A beamline design is proposed here that makes use of the large horizontal emittance to provide a very stable beam for the operation of a BioNanoprobe, while also increases the coherence to ensure diffraction-limited resolution in the horizontal direction. C1 [Lai, B.; Vogt, S.; Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Case Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lai, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Case Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1313 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900313 ER PT S AU Shu, D Maser, J Holt, M Winarski, R Preissner, C Smolyanitskiy, A Lai, B Vogt, S Stephenson, GB AF Shu, D. Maser, J. Hoelt, M. Winarski, R. Preissner, C. Smolyanitskiy, A. Lai, B. Vogt, S. Stephenson, G. B. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Optomechanical design of a hard X-ray nanoprobe instrument with nanometer-scale active vibration control SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE X-ray manoprobe; X-ray microscope; X-ray nricrodiffraction; X-ray imaging AB We are developing a new hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument that is one of the centerpieces of the characterization facilities of the Center for Nanoscale Materials being constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. This new probe will cover an energy range of 3-30 keV with 30-nm spacial resolution. The system is designed to accommodate x-ray optics with a resolution limit of 10 rim, therefore, it requires staging of x-ray optics and specimens with a mechanical repeatability of better than 5 run. Fast feedback for differential vibration control between the zone-plate x-ray optics and the sample holder has been implemented in the design using a digital-signal-processor-based realtime closed-loop feedback technique. A specially designed, custom-built laser Doppler displacement meter system provides two-dimensional differential displacement measurements with subnanometer resolution between the zone-plate x-ray optics and the sample holder. The optomechanical design of the instrument positioning stage system with nanometer-scale active vibration control is presented in this paper. C1 [Shu, D.; Preissner, C.; Smolyanitskiy, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.; Winarski, R.; Stephenson, G. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.; Hoelt, M.; Winarski, R.; Lai, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stephenson, G. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX The authors would like to thank D. Nocher, and M. Muscia from the Argonne National Laboratory for their help in the EUI experiment. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No.W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1321 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900315 ER PT S AU Luning, K Pianetta, P Yun, WB Almeida, E van der Meulen, M AF Luening, Katharina Pianetta, Piero Yun, Wenbing Almeida, Eduardo van der Meulen, Marjolein BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI A high resolution full field transmission X-ray microscope at SSRL SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE hard X-ray mcroscopy; TXM AB The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) in collaboration with Xradia Inc., the NASA Ames Research Center and Cornell University is implementing a commercial hard x-ray full field imaging microscope based on zone plate optics on a wiggler beam line on SPEAR3. This facility will provide unprecedented analytical capabilities for a broad range of scientific areas and will enable research on nanoscale phenomena and structures in biology as well as materials science and environmental science. This instrument will provide high resolution x-ray microscopy, tomography, and spectromicroscopy capabilities in a photon energy range between 5-14 keV. The spatial resolution of the TXM microscope is specified as 20 nm exploiting imaging in third diffraction order. This imaging facility will optimally combine the latest imaging technology developed by Xradia Inc. with the wiggler source characteristics at beam line 6-2 at SSRL. This will result in an instrument capable of high speed and high resolution imaging with spectral tunability for spectromicroscopy, element specific and Zernike phase contrast imaging. Furthermore, a scanning microprobe capability will be integral to the system thus allowing elemental mapping and fluorescence yield XANES to be performed with a spatial resolution of about I pm without introducing any changes to the optical configuration of the instrument. C1 [Luening, Katharina; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94065 USA. [Yun, Wenbing] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. [Almeida, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [van der Meulen, Marjolein] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Luning, K (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94065 USA. FU Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program FX This program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, grant number EB004321. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1333 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900318 ER PT S AU Ignatyev, K Huwig, K Harvey, R Ishii, H Bradley, J Luening, K Brennan, S Pianetta, P AF Ignatyev, Konstantin Huwig, Kathy Harvey, Ralph Ishii, Hope Bradley, John Luening, Katharina Brennan, Sean Pianetta, Piero BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI First X-ray fluorescence MicroCT results from micrometeorites at SSRL SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE tomography; microprobe AB X-ray fluorescence microCT (computed tomography) is a novel technique that allows non-destructive determination of the 3D distribution of chemical elements inside a sample. This is especially important in samples for which sectioning is undesirable either due to the risk of contamination or the requirement for further analysis by different characterization techniques. Developments made by third generation synchrotron facilities and laboratory X-ray focusing systems have made these kinds of measurements more attractive by significantly reducing scan times and beam size. First results from the x-ray fluorescence microCT experiments performed at SSRL beamline 6-2 are reported here. Beamline 6-2 is a 54 pole wiggler that uses a two mirror optical system for focusing the x-rays onto a virtual source slit which is then reimaged with a set of KB mirrors to a (2 x 4) mu m(2) beam spot. An energy dispersive fluorescence detector is located in plane at 90 degrees to the incident beam to reduce the scattering contribution. A PIN diode located behind the sample simultaneously measures the x-ray attenuation in the sample. Several porous micrometeorite samples were measured and the reconstructed element density distribution including self-absorption correction is presented. Ultimately, this system will be used to analyze particles from the coma of comet Wild-2 and fresh interstellar dust particles both of which were collected during the NASA Stardust mission. C1 [Ignatyev, Konstantin; Luening, Katharina; Brennan, Sean; Pianetta, Piero] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Huwig, Kathy; Harvey, Ralph] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ishii, Hope; Bradley, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ignatyev, K (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU NASA SRLIDA [SRL03-0010-0010] FX This research was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This research was partially funded by the NASA SRLIDA Program grant number SRL03-0010-0010. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1337 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900319 ER PT S AU MacDowell, AA Feng, J DeMello, A Doran, A Duarte, R Forest, E Kelez, N Marcus, MA Miller, T Padmore, HA Raoux, S Robin, D Scholl, A Schlueter, R Schmid, P Stohr, J Wan, W Wei, DH Wu, Y AF MacDowell, A. A. Feng, J. DeMello, A. Doran, A. Duarte, R. Forest, E. Kelez, N. Marcus, M. A. Miller, T. Padmore, H. A. Raoux, S. Robin, D. Scholl, A. Schlueter, R. Schmid, P. Stoehr, J. Wan, W. Wei, D. H. Wu, Y. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Progress on PEEM3 - An aberration corrected X-ray photoemission electron microscope at the ALS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE Photoemission Electron Mcroscope; PEEM; aberration correction AB A new ultrahigh-resolution photoemission electron microscope called PEEM3 is being developed and built at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). An electron mirror combined with a much-simplified magnetic dipole separator is to be used to provide simultaneous correction of spherical and chromatic aberrations. It is installed on an elliptically polarized undulator (EPU) beamline, and will be operated with very high spatial resolution and high flux to study the composition, structure, electric and magnetic properties of complex materials. The instrument has been designed and is described. The instrumental hardware is being deployed in 2 phases. The first phase is the deployment of a standard PEEM type microscope consisting of the standard linear array of electrostatic electron lenses. The second phase will be the installation of the aberration corrected upgrade to improve resolution and throughput. This paper describes progress as the instrument enters the commissioning part of the first phase. C1 [MacDowell, A. A.; Feng, J.; DeMello, A.; Doran, A.; Duarte, R.; Kelez, N.; Marcus, M. A.; Miller, T.; Padmore, H. A.; Robin, D.; Scholl, A.; Schlueter, R.; Schmid, P.; Wan, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Forest, E.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050810, Japan. [Stoehr, J.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Wei, D. H.] NSRRC, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. [Wu, Y.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP MacDowell, AA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wei, Der-Hsin/H-8691-2013; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 OI Wei, Der-Hsin/0000-0002-6877-602X; FU Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1341 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900320 ER PT S AU Li, XF Narayanan, S Sprung, M Sand, A Lee, DR Wang, J AF Li, Xuefa Narayanan, Suresh Sprung, Michael Sandy, Alec Lee, Dong Ryeol Wang, Jin BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Developing a dedicated GISAXS beamline at the APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc AB As an increasingly important structural-characterization technique, grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAXS) finds vast applications in nanostructures and nanocomposites at surfaces and interfaces for in situ and realtime studies because of its probing q-range (10(-3) - 1 nm(-1)) and temporal resolution (10(-3)- 1 s). At the Advanced Photon Source (APS), GISAXS techniques under thin-film waveguide-based resonance conditions were developed to study the diffusion phenomena in nanoparticle/polymer nanocomposites. Also, the kinematics of nanoparticle crystal formation at air/liquid interfaces has been obtained by the similar method in real time during the liquid droplet evaporation. To meet the strong demand from the nanoscience community, a dedicated GISAXS bearriline has been designed and constructed as a part of the 8-ID-E bearifline at the APS. This dedicated GISAXS setup was developed based on a 4-circle diffractometer so that precise reflectivity of die sample can be measured to complement the GISAXS analysis under the dynamical refection conditions. C1 [Li, Xuefa; Narayanan, Suresh; Sprung, Michael; Sandy, Alec; Lee, Dong Ryeol; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. DOE [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work and the use of the APS are supported by the U.S. DOE under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1387 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900331 ER PT S AU Kazimirov, A Sirenko, AA Bilderback, DH Cai, ZH Lai, B AF Kazimirov, A. Sirenko, A. A. Bilderback, D. H. Cai, Z. -H. Lai, B. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Microbeam high angular resolution diffraction applied to optoelectronic devices SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE microbeam; angular resolution; optoelectronics ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; RAY STANDING-WAVE AB Collimating perfect crystal optics in a combination with the X-ray focusing optics has been applied to perform high angular resolution microbeam diffraction and scattering experiments on micron-size optoelectronic devices produced by modem semiconductor technology. At CHESS, we used capillary optics and perfect Si/Ge crystal(s) arrangement to perform X-ray standing waves, high angular-resolution diffraction and high resolution reciprocal space mapping analysis. At the APS, 2ID-D microscope beamline, we employed a phase zone plate producing a beam with the size of 240 mn in the horizontal plane and 350 run in the vertical (diffraction) plane and a perfect Si (004) analyzer crystal to perform diffraction analysis of selectively grown InGaAsP and InGaAlAs-based waveguides with arc sec angular resolution. C1 [Kazimirov, A.; Bilderback, D. H.] Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sirenko, A. A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Cai, Z. -H.; Lai, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kazimirov, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [DMR-0225180] FX Use of the Advances Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under award DMR-0225180. The authors thank A. Ougazzaden for the growth of the device structures and S. OMalley for help with the measurements NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1395 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900333 ER PT S AU Xu, SL Fischetti, RF Benn, R Corcoran, S AF Xu, Shenglan Fischetti, Robert F. Benn, Richard Corcoran, Stephen BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Design and performance of the compact YAG imaging system for diagnostics at GMCA beamlines at APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE YAG; diagnostics; alignment AB A compact YAG (Chromium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet - Cr4+:YAG) imaging system has been designed as a diagnostic tool[1][3] for monochromatic x-rays emanating from the first 'Hard" x-ray dual-canted undulator at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory[4]. This imaging system consists of a flat YAG crystal, right angle prism/mirror, video camera and monitor [2]. A flat YAG crystal with a diameter of 10 mm has been installed in vacuum and positioned downstream of the monochromator of the insertion device beamline. Another 20 mm diameter YAG crystal has been installed in vacuum after the horizontal deflecting mirrors of the second insertion device beamline. CCD cameras are mounted in air close to the window of the vacuum ports to image the fluorescence of the YAG crystals. An additional 25 mm diameter YAG crystal has been used for K-B (Kirkpatrick-Baez) mirror focusing and beamline alignment. These YAG imaging systems have greatly facilitated beamline commissioning as well as sample alignment to the x-ray beam in the macromolecular crystallography endstation. An overview of the optics design, mechanical design and the performance of these devices will be presented in the paper. C1 [Xu, Shenglan; Fischetti, Robert F.; Benn, Richard; Corcoran, Stephen] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, CA CAT, GM, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, SL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, CA CAT, GM, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU National Cancer Institute [Y1-CO-1020]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [Y1-GM-1104]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W- 31-109-ENG-38] FX GM/CA CAT has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (Y1-CO-1020) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Y1-GM-1104). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract No. W- 31-109-ENG-38. We thank W. Smith, D. Yoder and R. Sanishvili for helpful discussions and support. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1403 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900335 ER PT S AU Jiang, J Meng, WJ Sinclair, GB Stevens, CO Lara-Curzio, E AF Jiang, J. Meng, W. J. Sinclair, G. B. Stevens, C. O. Lara-Curzio, E. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Replication of metal-based microscale structures SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE LiGA technology; microfabrication; replication; metal-based HARMS ID HEAT-EXCHANGERS; FABRICATION; INSERTS; PB AB Technologies capable of economical mass production of metal-based high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMS), with structural heights of several hundred pm offer the potential to realize many metal-based microdevices. In this paper, our recent research on high-temperature microscale compression molding of metal-based HARMS from surface-engineered, microscale, refractory metal inserts is summarized. C1 [Jiang, J.; Meng, W. J.; Sinclair, G. B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stevens, C. O.; Lara-Curzio, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NSF [DMI-0400061, DMI-0556100]; Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF(2004-07)-RD-B-06] FX Partial project supports from NSF through grants DMI-0400061/DMI-0556100 and Louisiana Board of Regents through contract LEQSF(2004-07)-RD-B-06 are gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1451 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900346 ER PT S AU Wang, J AF Wang, Jin BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Ultrafast x-ray imaging of fuel sprays SO Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc ID PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; DIFFRACTION AB Detailed analysis of fuel sprays has been well recognized as an important step for optimizing the operation of internal combustion engines to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Ultrafast radiographic and tomographic techniques have been developed for probing the fuel distribution close to the nozzles of direct-injection diesel and gasoline injectors. The measurement was made using x-ray absorption of monochromatic synchrotron-generated radiation, allowing quantitative determination of the fuel distribution in this optically impenetrable region with a time resolution on the order of I mu s. Furthermore, an accurate 3-dimensional fuel-density distribution, in the form of fuel volume fraction, was obtained by the time-resolved computed tomography. These quantitative measurements constitute the most detailed near-nozzle study of a fuel spray to date. With high-energy and high-brilliance x-ray beams available at the Advanced Photon Source, propagation-based phase-enhanced imaging was developed as a unique metrology technique to visualize the interior of an injection nozzle through a 3-mm-thick steel with a 10-mu s temporal resolution, which is virtually impossible by any other means. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, XRay Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, XRay Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1535 EP 1538 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900365 ER PT S AU Ablett, JM Woicik, JC Tokei, Z AF Ablett, James M. Woicik, Joseph C. Tokei, Zsolt BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Preliminary hard x-ray micro-spectroscopic investigations on thin-film Ta-and-W based diffusion barriers for copper interconnect technology SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE microelectronics; diffusion barrier; x-ray spectroscopy; synchrotron ID METALLIZATION; DEPOSITION AB Within the microelectronics industry, the requirement for reducing device dimensions for increased circuit performance and lower manufacturing costs has led to many avenues of research in advanced materials and fabrication processes. One of the most important challenges in ultra-large scale integrated technology is the fabrication of thin-film diffusion barriers that prevent copper interconnect lines diffusing through the barrier material and into the neighboring silicon layers. In this paper, we present preliminary synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy measurements as a tool for studying the properties of these buried barrier layers and consider the opportunity of applying the spatial resolution of an x-ray microbeam in probing different regions of the barrier material. C1 [Ablett, James M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tokei, Zsolt] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Research carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Division of Materials Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1557 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900370 ER PT S AU Lynch, PA Stevenson, AW Liang, D Parry, D Wilkins, S Madsen, LC Bettles, C Tamura, N Geandier, G AF Lynch, P. A. Stevenson, A. W. Liang, D. Parry, D. Wilkins, S. Madsen, L. C. Bettles, C. Tamura, N. Geandier, G. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI In-situ white beam microdiffraction study of the deformation behavior in polycrystalline magnesium alloy during uniaxial loading SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE white beam microdiffraction; plastic deformation; magnesium ID STRAIN TENSOR; GRAIN AB Scanning white beam X-ray microdiffraction has been used to study the heterogeneous grain deformation in a polycrystalline Mg alloy (MgAZ31). The high spatial resolution achieved on beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source provides a unique method to measure the elastic strain and orientation of single grains as a function of applied load. To carry out in-situ measurements a light weight (similar to 0.5kg) tensile stage, capable of providing uniaxial loads of up to 600kg, was designed to collect diffraction data on the loading and unloading cycle. In-situ observation of the deformation process provides insight about the crystallographic deformation mode via twinning and dislocation slip. C1 CSIRO, Minerals, Private Bag 33, Clayton 3169, Australia. [Lynch, P. A.; Wilkins, S.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bettles, C.] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Geandier, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lynch, PA (reprint author), CSIRO, Minerals, Private Bag 33, Clayton 3169, Australia. FU Victorian Centre for Advanced Materials Manufacturing (VCAMM); Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH 11231] FX This work was supported by the Victorian Centre for Advanced Materials Manufacturing (VCAMM). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH 11231. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1751 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900415 ER PT S AU Siddons, DP Hulbert, SL Stephens, PW AF Siddons, D. Peter Hulbert, Steven L. Stephens, Peter W. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI A Guinier camera for SR powder diffraction:High resolution and high throughput. SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE powder diffraction; high resolution AB The paper describe a new powder diffraction instrument for synchrotron radiation sources which combines the high throughput of a position-sensitive detector system with the high resolution normally only provided by a crystal analyser. It uses the Guinier geometry [1] which is traditionally used with an x-ray tube source. This geometry adapts well to the synchrotron source, provided proper beam conditioning is applied. The high brightness of the SR source allows a high resolution to be achieved. When combined with a photon-counting silicon microstrip detector array, the system becomes a powerful instrument for radiation-sensitive samples or time-dependent phase transition studies. C1 [Siddons, D. Peter; Hulbert, Steven L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stephens, Peter W.] Univ New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Siddons, DP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU BMBF through HGF Vernetzungsfonds [01SF000, 01SF0006]; European Union FX The building of this beamline has been supported by the BMBF through the HGF Vernetzungsfonds, grant No. 01SF0005 and 01SF0006, as well as the European Union. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1767 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900419 ER PT S AU Ilavsky, J Shu, D Jemian, PR Long, GG AF Ilavsky, J. Shu, D. Jemian, P. R. Long, G. G. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Versatile collimating crystal stage for a Bonse-Hart USAXS instrument SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE USAXS optics; artificial channel cut; the high-stiffness weak-link ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MECHANISM AB An advanced ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument using the Bonse-Hart design and installed at APS, is a robust and reliable instrument providing a scattering vector (q) range of nearly 4 decades (0.00015 to 1 angstrom(-1)), an intensity dynamic range of up to 9 decades, standard-less absolute intensity calibration, and USAXS imaging capabilities. This type of instrument typically uses channel-cut crystals in both the collimating (before sample) and analyzing (after sample) stages. The optical surfaces of these crystals are finished by etching processes, which leave an orange-peel surface texture, which would compromise the USAXS imaging quality. Therefore optics with highly polished surfaces using separated crystals in both collimating and analyzing stages were developed. A novel design of the optics and mechanical stage uses a fixed gap between the two separated collimating crystals in which a triangular section of the first crystal is removed, allowing for a variable number (1, 2, 4, 6, or 8) of crystal reflections for X-ray energies between 7 and 19 keV. The number of reflections is selected by lateral translation of the collimating crystal pair. Rotational alignment of the second crystal in the pair by an artificial channel-cut crystal mechaiiism, implemented with a novel high-stiffness weak link actuated by both a picomotor and a piezo-electric transducer, provides the capability to align or adjust an assembly of crystals to achieve the same performance as a single channel-cut crystal with integral weak link. The arrangement of both crystals is held on a removable base that can be remounted with precision within the Si(111) rocking curve on a three-point kinematic mount. Additional tilt adjustments are also provided for initial alignment. This monochromator has proven to be highly robust with respect to motions and vibrations, as well as flexible with respect to selection of number of reflections, and its performance directly resulted in the highly reliable performance of the whole USAXS instrument. C1 [Ilavsky, J.; Shu, D.; Jemian, P. R.; Long, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU U.S. DOE; Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The APS is supported by the U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1833 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900435 ER PT S AU Rao, DV Zhong, Z Yuasa, T Akatsuka, T Takeda, T Tromba, G AF Rao, Donepudi V. Zhong, Zhong Yuasa, Tetsuya Akatsuka, Takao Takeda, Tohoru Tromba, Giuliana BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Images of the rat bone, vertebra and test phantom using diffraction-enhanced imaging technique with 20, 30 and 40 keV synchrotron X-rays SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE images; rat bone; vertebra; DEI; synchrotron X-rays ID RADIOGRAPHY; TISSUE AB Images of rat bone of different age groups (8, 56 and 78 weeks), lumbar vertebra and calcium hydroxyapatite phantom are obtained utilizing the diffraction-enhanced imaging technique. Images obtained with DEI are of superior quality and this novel technique may be an excellent choice for better visualization of the microstructure and the embedded spongiosa. Our motivation is to develop the optimizing tomography with the use of the data obtained at multiple energies. C1 [Rao, Donepudi V.] Sir CRR A Coll, Dept Phys, Eluru 534007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Zhong, Zhong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuasa, Tetsuya; Akatsuka, Takao] Yamagata Univ, Fac Engn, Dept of BioSyst Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. [Takeda, Tohoru] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Clin Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Tromba, Giuliana] Synchrotron Radiat Med Phys, Trieste, Italy. RP Rao, DV (reprint author), Sir CRR A Coll, Dept Phys, Eluru 534007, Andhra Pradesh, India. FU Department of Bio-System Engineering; Yamagata University,Yonezawa; JSPS, Japan FX One of the authors (DVR) undertook part of this work with a support from Department of Bio-System Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, and JSPS, Japan. In addition the potential author received per-diem from BNL and collaboration with Z. Zhong NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1948 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900463 ER PT S AU Chesler, EJ Langston, MA AF Chesler, Elissa J. Langston, Michael A. BE Eskin, E Ideker, T Raphael, B Workman, C TI Combinatorial genetic regulatory network analysis tools for high throughput transcriptomic data SO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND REGULATORY GENOMICS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual Workshop on Systems Biology and on Regulatory Genomics CY DEC 02-04, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Ind Univ Cooperat Res Program, Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol DE microarray analysis; putative co-regulation; quantitative trait loci; regulatory models ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EXPRESSION DATA; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX; POPULATIONS; PATHWAYS; PATTERNS; GENOMICS; PROTEIN; SYSTEM AB A series of genome-scale algorithms and high-performance implementations is described and shown to be useful in the genetic analysis of gene transcription. With them it is possible to address common questions such as: "are the sets of genes co-expressed under one type of conditions the same as those sets co-expressed under another?" A new noise-adaptive graph algorithm, dubbed "paraclique," is introduced and analyzed for use in biological hypotheses testing. A notion of vertex coverage is also devised, based on vertex-disjoint paths within correlation graphs, and used to determine the identity, proportion and number of transcripts connected to individual phenotypes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) regulatory models. A major goal is to identify which, among a set of candidate genes, are the most likely regulators of trait variation. These methods are applied in an effort to identify multiple-QTL regulatory models for large groups of genetically co-expressed genes, and to extrapolate the consequences of this genetic variation on phenotypes observed across levels of biological scale through the evaluation of vertex coverage. This approach is furthermore applied to definitions of homology-based gene sets, and the incorporation of categorical data such as known gene pathways. In all these tasks discrete mathematics and combinatorial algorithms form organizing principles upon which methods and implementations are based. C1 [Chesler, Elissa J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Langston, Michael A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chesler, EJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CCR-0311500]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0608]; National Institutes of Health [1-P01-DA-015027-01, 1-R01-MH-074460-01]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR-0311500, by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-01-1-0608, and by the National Institutes of Health under grants 1-P01-DA-015027-01 and 1-R01-MH-074460-01. It has employed resources managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.We thank Dr. RobertW.Williams and Dr. Lu Lu of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center for providing data for the analyses we have described here, and Evan G. Williams for rendering Figure 3. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-48293-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4023 BP 150 EP + PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BFV49 UT WOS:000244806900013 ER PT S AU Evans, JW Thomas, S Dillon, D Gavel, D Phillion, D Macintosh, B AF Evans, Julia W. Thomas, Sandrine Dillon, Daxen Gavel, Donald Phillion, Donald Macintosh, Bruce BE Coulter, DR TI Amplitude variations on the ExAO testbed - art. no. 669312 SO TECHNIQUES AND INSTUMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF EXOPLANETS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets III CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; MEMS; extreme adaptive optics AB High-contrast adaptive optics systems, such as those needed to image extrasolar planets, are known to require excellent wavefront control and diffraction suppression. At the Laboratory for Adaptive Optics on the Extreme Adaptive Optics testbed, we have already demonstrated wavefront control of better than 1 nm rms within controllable spatial frequencies. Corresponding contrast measurements, however, are limited by amplitude variations, including those introduced by the micro-electrical-mechanical-systems (MEMS) deformable mirror. Results from experimental measurements and wave optic simulations of amplitude variations on the ExAO testbed are presented. We find systematic intensity variations of about 2% rms, and intensity variations with the MEMS to be 6%. Some errors are introduced by phase and amplitude mixing because the MEMS is not conjugate to the pupil, but independent measurements of MEMS reflectivity suggest that some error is introduced by small non-uniformities in the reflectivity. C1 [Evans, Julia W.; Phillion, Donald; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6841-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6693 BP 69312 EP 69312 DI 10.1117/12.735741 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHD80 UT WOS:000252361500030 ER PT S AU Snyder, DC Hart, WK AF Snyder, Darin C. Hart, William K. BE Ridgway, KD TI The White Mountain Granitoid Suite: Isotopic constraints on source reservoirs for Cretaceous magmatism within the Wrangellia Terrane SO TECTONIC GROWTH OF A COLLISIONAL CONTINENTAL MARGIN: CRUSTAL EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN ALASKA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Wrangellia terrane; granitoid; isotopic composition; Wrangell Mountains; magmatism ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; COAST PLUTONIC COMPLEX; TRACE-ELEMENT; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; ISLAND-ARC; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; NORTHERN MARIANA; INTRUSIVE SUITE; EVOLUTION AB The White Mountain granitoid suite represents an isolated window into Cretaceous age magma intruded into Wrangellia terrane basement. Although the total area of exposed granitoid at White Mountain is relatively small (similar to 1 km(2)), substantial textural, chemical, and isotopic complexities exist. The granitoid suite consists of six surficially isolated bodies, all of which are calc-alkaline and metaluminous, ranging in composition from hornblende-biotite quartz diorite to biotite granodiorite. Three (40)Ar/(39)Ar analyses provide cooling ages between 113.3 +/- 1.3 and 117.38 +/- 0.54 Ma, suggesting at least two pulses of magmatism are represented in the granitoid suite. Two of the bodies, comprising similar to 20% of the total exposed granitoid, are enclave-bearing, with the hosts representing the most chemically evolved material at White Mountain and the enclaves among the least evolved. The enclaves typically are <15 cm in size and circular to oval in shape, are dominated by plagioclase and amphibole, and are intermediate in composition (similar to 54 wt% SiO(2)). Enclave rare-earth element patterns and isotopic characteristics, and the lack of petrographic evidence for quenched margins, suggest that they are cumulates from liquids chemically similar to but isotopically distinct from their host materials. One granitoid hand specimen exhibits textural and geochemical evidence for mixing at the low MgO end of the compositional spectrum. Although the granitoid suite exhibits a narrow range in whole rock isotopic compositions (epsilon(Nd(115 Ma)) 7.2-9.1 and (87)Sr/(86)Sr((i)) 0.7032-0.7043) further suggesting open system differentiation, these compositions do not require an appreciable role for ancient, evolved continental lithosphere in the White Mountain magmatic system(s). Rather, the dominant source reservoir was depleted mantle. This conclusion provides evidence that mid-Cretaceous magmatism in this region was generated in either an intraoceanic island arc or an "immature" (proto-)continental arc tectonic setting. C1 [Snyder, Darin C.; Hart, William K.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Snyder, DC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM darin.snyder@inl.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2431-7 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2007 VL 431 BP 379 EP 399 DI 10.1130/2007.2431(15) PG 21 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BMA45 UT WOS:000271661300016 ER PT S AU Smirnova, EI Bailey, AG Earley, LM Kurennoy, SS AF Smirnova, Evgenya I. Bailey, Aimee G. Earley, Lawrence M. Kurennoy, Sergey S. BE Jensen, JO Cui, HL TI Compact, mission configurable mm-wave spectrometer based on a channel drop filter - art. no. 65490O SO Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz for Military and Security Applications V CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE mm-wave spectroscopy; PBG structures; remote detection ID BAND AB We have developed a novel mm-wave spectrometer based on a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) channel-drop filter (CDF). There is a need for a compact wide-band versatile and configurable mm-wave spectrometer for applications in mm-wave communications and remote sensing. CDFs present us with a unique means for filtering frequencies at mm-waves. CDF is a novel concept allowing filtering the frequency spectra and channeling selected frequencies into separate waveguides through a PBG structure. We have designed a spectrometer with a CDF working in the frequency range of 90-130 GHz. The CDF can be connected to any type of antenna and detector. A large ground based outdoor antenna can be used for remote sensing with radars. A compact antenna can be used for indoor or space applications. The signal in the waveguide channels can be measured with any type of sensor such as a cooled bolometer or a room temperature mm wave diode. The size of the spectrometer is under 5 inches by 5 inches and just a quarter of an inch in thick. Multiple filters can be stacked together to construct a mission specific package. We propose to construct the filter with silicon rods on a 100mm silicon wafer using MEMS technology. We will then evaluate the filter at our mm-wave laboratory to demonstrate the channeling of frequencies in a proof-of-principle experiment at 100GHz. This technology will work well for frequencies from 60GHz to 1000GHz. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smirnova, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kurennoy, Sergey/0000-0003-2854-9647; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6671-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6549 BP O5490 EP O5490 AR 65490O DI 10.1117/12.718657 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGL70 UT WOS:000248223000022 ER PT J AU Aldrian, E Gates, LD Widodo, FH AF Aldrian, E. Gates, L. Duemenil Widodo, F. H. TI Seasonal variability of Indonesian rainfall in ECHAM4 simulations and in the reanalyses: The role of ENSO SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS; MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; AUSTRALIAN MONSOON; PREDICTIVE SKILL; REGIONAL MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; CLIMATE AB A study of the skill of the ECHAM version 4 atmospheric general circulation model and two reanalyses in simulating Indonesian rainfall is presented with comparisons to 30 years of rain gauge data. The reanalyses are those performed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction jointly with National Center for Atmospheric Research. This study investigates the skill of the reanalyses and ECHAM4 with regard to three climate regions of Indonesia, the annual and interannual variability of rainfall and its responses to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The study is conducted at two spectral resolutions, T42 and T106. The skill of rainfall simulations in Indonesia depends on the region, month and season, and the distribution of land and sea. Higher simulation skills are confined to years with ENSO events. With the exception of the northwest region of Indonesia, the rainfall from June (Molucca) and July (south Indonesia) to November is influenced by ENSO, and is more sensitive to El Nino than La Nina events. Observations show that the Moluccan region is more sensitive to ENSO, receives a longer ENSO impact and receives the earliest ENSO impact in June, which continues through to December. It is found that the reanalyses and the climate model simulate seasonal variability better than monthly variability. The seasonal skill is highest in June/July/August, followed by September/October/November, December/January/February and March/April/May. The correlations usually break down in April (for monthly analysis) or in the boreal spring (for seasonal analysis). This period seems to act as a persistent barrier to Indonesian rainfall predictability and skill. In general, the performance of ECHAM4 is poor, but in ENSO sensitive regions and during ENSO events, it is comparable to the reanalyses. C1 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agcy Assessment & Applicat Technol, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. RP Aldrian, E (reprint author), UPTHB, BPPT, Jl MH Thamrin 8, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia. EM edvin@webmail.bppt.go.id NR 62 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1-4 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00704-006-0218-8 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099GJ UT WOS:000241581000003 ER PT J AU Fanourgakis, GS Tipparaju, V Nieplocha, J Xantheas, SS AF Fanourgakis, George S. Tipparaju, Vinod Nieplocha, Jarek Xantheas, Sotiris S. TI An efficient parallelization scheme for molecular dynamics simulations with many-body, flexible, polarizable empirical potentials: application to water SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE parallel computing; molecular dynamics; empirical potentials; polarizable models; water ID 1ST PRINCIPLES; GLOBAL ARRAYS; LIQUID WATER; PERFORMANCE; CLUSTERS; COMPUTATIONS; COMPUTERS; CHARGES; SURFACE; MODEL AB An efficient parallelization scheme for classical molecular dynamics simulations with flexible, polarizable empirical potentials is presented. It is based on the standard Ewald summation technique to handle the long-range electrostatic and induction interactions. The algorithm for this parallelization scheme is designed for systems containing several thousands of polarizable sites in the simulation box. Its performance is evaluated during molecular dynamics simulations under periodic boundary conditions with unit cell sizes ranging from 128 to 5 12 molecules employing two flexible, polarizable water models [DC(F) and TTM2.1-F] containing I and 3 polarizable sites, respectively. The time-to-solution for these two polarizable models is compared with the one for a flexible, pairwise-additive water model (TIP4F). The benchmarks were performed on both shared and distributed memory platforms. As a result of the efficient claculation of the induced dipole moments, a superlinear scaling as a function of the number of the processors is observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported results of parallel scaling and performance for simulations of liquid water with a polarizable potential under periodic boundary conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 117 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s00214-006-0145-x PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 122YA UT WOS:000243262300008 ER PT S AU Wadsworth, J AF Wadsworth, Jeffrey BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Compelling global issues in science and technology and the role of materials science SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE energy; climate change; security; globalization; materials science AB As we enter the 21st century, we confront three global challenges that can be resolved only with forefront science and technology: growing demands for energy, the adverse effects of climate change, and emerging threats to national and global security. Materials science is critical to the fields of research, development, and application that are essential to meeting these challenges. The increasing globalization of scientific research and technology development presents its own challenges at the national level, but also opens the way to new opportunities for fruitful collaboration in materials science. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 1 EP 4 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106100001 ER PT S AU Zhu, YT AF Zhu, Y. T. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline materials SO THERMEC 2006, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE nanocrystalline material; partial dislocation; deformation twinning; grain boundary sliding; stacking faults ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-SIZE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FCC METALS; COPPER; AL; ALUMINUM; TWINS; TITANIUM AB Nanocrystalline materials have been found to deform by mechanisms not accessible to their coarse-grained counterparts. These deformation mechanisms have rendered nanocrystalline materials unique mechanical behaviors such as high strength, low work hardening rate, high strain rate sensitivity, and usually low ductility. In a few cases, both high strength and high ductility were observed simultaneously. To understand the mechanical behaviors of nanocrystalline materials and to design them for desired mechanical properties, it is critical to fully understand their deformation mechanisms. Significant progresses have been reported in the last few years on both the deformation mechanisms and mechanical behaviors of nanocrystalline materials. Here a brief overview on the deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline materials is presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 270 EP 277 PN 1-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106100040 ER PT S AU Canfield, NL Crum, JV Matyas, J Bandyopadhyay, A Weil, KS Pederson, LR Hardy, JS AF Canfield, N. L. Crum, J. V. Matyas, J. Bandyopadhyay, A. Weil, K. S. Pederson, L. R. Hardy, J. S. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Sintering of mixed-conducting composites for hydrogen membranes from nanoscalle co-synthesized powders SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE hydrogen separation; mixed conducting composite ID STATE PROTONIC CONDUCTORS AB The potential for highly selective, nongalvanic permeation of hydrogen through dense mixed conducting composites at elevated temperatures makes them attractive as hydrogen separation membranes. The glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis technique has been used to co-synthesize a cation-doped barium cerate protonic conducting phase together with a metallic nickel electronic conducting phase (15-35 vol% Ni). Co-synthesis of these phases results in an intimately mixed powder with particle sizes on the order of 10 nm. DTA/TGA of all as-synthesized compositions determined that a calcination temperature of 1000 degrees C was required for full reaction of the cerate components. DTA/TGA and sintering shrinkage dilatometry were performed on calcined powders to determine that a sintering temperature of 1250 degrees C would be adequate for achieving > 90% relative density in all compositions. Bars of the material containing 25 vol% Ni were reduced at three different points in the heat treatment process (e.g., before, during, or after sintering). It was determined that there was less porosity in the sample reduced during sintering than any other. It was also seen on SEM that the primary grain size, regardless of when reduction occurred compared to sintering of the material, is less than 5 mu m. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Canfield, NL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 1415 EP 1420 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106101061 ER PT S AU Lienert, U Almer, J Jakobsen, B Pantleon, W Poulsen, HF Hennessy, D Xia, C Suter, RM AF Lienert, U. Almer, J. Jakobsen, B. Pantleon, W. Poulsen, H. F. Hennessy, D. Xia, C. Suter, R. M. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI 3-dimensional characterization of polycrystalline bulk materials using high-energy synchrotron radiation SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE polycrystalline materials; micro-structure; in situ deformation; x-ray diffraction; high-energy synchrotron radiation ID INDIVIDUAL GRAINS; X-RAYS; DISTRIBUTIONS; CRYSTALS; STRESSES; GROWTH; METALS AB The implementation of 3-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction (3DXRD) Microscopy at the Advanced Photon Source is described. The technique enables the non-destructive structural characterization of polycrystalline bulk materials and is therefore suitable for in situ studies during thermo-mechanical processing. High energy synchrotron radiation and area detectors are employed. First, a forward modeling approach for the reconstruction of grain boundaries from high resolution diffraction images is described. Second, a high resolution reciprocal space mapping technique of individual grains is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lienert, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hennessy, Daniel/A-6203-2011; Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Pantleon, Wolfgang/L-9657-2014; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Pantleon, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6418-6260; Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 2353 EP 2358 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106102037 ER PT S AU Meco, H Napolitano, RE AF Meco, H. Napolitano, R. E. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Non-equilibrium solute partitioning and microstructure formation in rapidly solidified Al-Sm alloys SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE non-equilibrium partitioning; solute trapping; rapid solidification; melt spinning; Al-Sm ID EUTECTIC GROWTH AB A critical issue, central to microstructural selection in highly driven systems, is the role of nonequilibrium solute partitioning and the formation of metastable phases. When local chemical equilibrium breaks down at very high undercoolings, solidification dynamics are influenced by limitations to atomic attachment kinetics, decreasing solute diffusivities, changing thermodynamic driving forces, and the energetics of ordering or clustering in the liquid phase. The scope of the current study is to employ free-jet melt spinning along with advanced e-beam, x-ray diffraction techniques to investigate the degree of solute partitioning and metastable phase formation during rapid solidification of Al-Sm alloys with compositions at or near the Al-rich eutectic (15wt.% or 3 at.%). At all melt spinning rates employed (10-40m/s), solidification morphologies consist of the Al (fcc) and Al11Sm3 (tetragonal) phases. Certain morphological transitions occur through the thickness of the ribbon, indicating a change in the prevailing cooling conditions as solidification proceeds. In addition, x-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the Sm content in the fcc Al phase is well above that given by local two-phase (fcc+liquid) equilibrium. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Meco, H (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 2810 EP 2815 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106102112 ER PT S AU Vitek, JM David, SA Babu, SS AF Vitek, J. M. David, S. A. Babu, S. S. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Optimization of weld conditions and alloy composition for welding of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE single crystals; nickel-based superalloys; stray grains; welding; modeling ID ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; MICROSTRUCTURES; SOLIDIFICATION AB Calculations were carried out to identify optimum welding conditions and weld alloy compositions to avoid stray grain formation during welding of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys. The calculations were performed using a combination of three models: a thermal model to describe the weld pool shape and the local thermal gradient and solidification front velocity; a geometric model to identify the local active dendrite growth variant, and a nucleation and growth model to describe the extent of stray grain formation ahead of the advancing solidification front. Optimum welding conditions (low weld power, high weld speed) were identified from the model calculations. Additional calculations were made to determine potential alloy modifications that reduce the solidification temperature range while maintaining high gamma prime content. The combination of optimum weld conditions and alloy compositions should allow for weld repair of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys without sacrificing properties or performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3082 EP 3087 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106102157 ER PT S AU Beyerlein, IJ Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Tome, Carlos N. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Modeling compression and tension reloads in copper prestrained by rolling SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE anisotropy; asymmetry; Bauschinger effect; work-softening ID POLYCRYSTALS AB A constitutive model is applied to predict the flow stress of an fee material up to 30% straining after rolling to reductions of 19%, 39%, and 50%. The model makes use of a single crystal hardening law which appreciates the directional anisotropy produced by planar dislocation boundaries, Bauschinger effects, and dissolution of substructure by new slip activity invoked by changes in strain path. Anisotropy between axial testing in the rolling (RD) versus the transverse direction (TD) and a tension-compression stress- differential in RD are predicted. These and other characteristics of the flow curves are linked to changes in slip activity when deformation transitions from rolling to axial testing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3383 EP 3388 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106103042 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Jain, A Agnew, SR Clausen, B AF Brown, D. W. Jain, A. Agnew, S. R. Clausen, B. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Twinning and detwinning during cyclic deformation of Mg alloy AZ31B SO THERMEC 2006, PTS 1-5 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE cyclic loading; deformation twin; neutron diffraction; internal strain; magnesium; hcp ID MAGNESIUM; TEXTURE; SLIP AB Textured Mg alloys exhibit tension - compression strength asymmetry due to mechanical twinning. The distinction arises as the material deforms primarily by slip in one direction and by twinning in the other. In-situ neutron diffraction during cyclic loading in tension and compression of extruded bar allows study of the effect of twinning on subsequent load reversals. The diffraction data reveal the texture evolution and internal stress development as a function of deformation. De-twinning resulted in complete texture reversal during initial cycles, but eventually "fatigued" resulting in some residual twin component. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-H805,BLDG 622,TA-53, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dbrown@lanl.gov; ashu@virginia.edu; agnew@virginia.edu; clausen@lanl.gov RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 18 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 3407 EP 3413 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106103046 ER PT S AU Lesuer, DR Frommeyer, G Sherby, OD Syn, CK AF Lesuer, D. R. Frommeyer, G. Sherby, O. D. Syn, C. K. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Nano-carbides and the strength of steels as assessed by electrical resistivity studies SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE electrical resistivity; steels; strength; carbides; severe plastic deformation; drawing ID DRAWN PEARLITE AB The work of Frommeyer on electrical conductivity measurements in pearlitic steels is reviewed to provide insight into microstructures developed during wire drawing. Electrical conductivity measurements were made as a function of drawing strain (up to epsilon = 6.0) for wires with strength exceeding 3500MPa. The results show that electrical conductivity increases during wire-drawing to a maximum value, then decreases with further deformation finally reaching a steady state value that is equal to the original conductivity. The initial increase is the result of pearlite plate orientation in the direction of wire-drawing, which makes the path of conduction through the ferrite plates more accessible. At a critical strain the cementite plates begin to fragment and the electrical conductivity decreases to a steady state value that is the same as that observed prior to wire drawing. With increasing strain, the cementite particles are refined and the strength increases due to the reduction in inter-particle spacing. It is concluded that the electrical conductivity of the wires is solely dependent on the amount of iron carbides provided they are randomly distributed as plates or as particles. An estimate was made that indicates the carbide particle size is approximately 3 - 5 nm in the steady state range of electrical conductivity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 4789 EP 4794 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106104114 ER PT S AU Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Goldberg, A Tsai, HC Sherby, OD AF Syn, C. K. Lesuer, D. R. Goldberg, A. Tsai, H. C. Sherby, O. D. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Mechanical and thermal properties of ultra-high carbon steel containing aluminum SO THERMEC 2006, Pts 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE ultrahigh carbon steels; superplasticity; thermal expansion; aluminum ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB The properties of ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) are strongly influenced by aluminum additions. Hardness studies of quenched UHCS-Al alloys reveal that the temperature for the start of transformation increases with increases in aluminum content. It is shown that this change is a function of the atomic percent of solute and of the valence state when comparisons are made with UHCSs containing silicon and tin as solutes. The thermal expansion of UHCSs with dilute aluminum additions shows no discontinuity in the vicinity of the ferrite-austenite transformation temperature. This is the result of a three phase region of ferrite, carbides and austenite. The slope of the expansion curve is higher in the austenite range than in the ferrite range as a result of the dissolution of carbon in austenite with temperature. Processing to achieve a fine grain size in UHCS-Al alloys was principally by hot and warm working (HWW) followed by isothermal warm working (IWW). The high temperature mechanical properties of a UHCS-10Al-1.5C material show nearly Newtonian-viscous behavior at 900 to 10000 degrees C. Tensile elongations of 1200% without failure were achieved in the 1.5%C material. The high oxidation corrosion resistance of the UHCS-10Al materials is described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Syn, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-428-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 539-543 BP 4844 EP 4849 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFW58 UT WOS:000245106104123 ER PT S AU Mayr, P Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Cerjak, H AF Mayr, P. Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. Cerjak, H. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI In situ Observation of Phase Transformations and their Effects in 9-12%Cr Steels during Welding SO THERMEC 2006 SUPPLEMENT: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE 9-12% Cr steel; weldability; in situ X-ray diffraction; delta ferrite AB A basic requirement for the production of large power plant components from ferritic/martensitic 9-12% Cr steels is good weldability. Weldments in these steels are often reported as the weak spots. In this work the weldability of a creep resistant 9% Cr steel is discussed. Different methods are utilized to characterize the microstructural evolution during different welding cycles and the following post weld heat treatment, as well as the resulting mechanical properties. Heat affected zone (HAZ) simulation using a thermo-mechanical testing device GLEEBLE 1500 is performed to study the microstructural evolution and changes in the mechanical properties in the different parts of the HAZ. Specimens exposed to peak temperatures higher than 1150 degrees C showed a minimum of impact toughness after post weld heat treatment (PWHT). In situ X-ray diffraction experiments with synchrotron radiation are used to observe phase transformations during heating to elevated temperatures, where delta ferrite formation was observed at temperatures higher than 1250 degrees C. C1 [Mayr, P.; Cerjak, H.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci Welding & Forming, Kopernikusgasse 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Palmer, T. A.; Elmer, J. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mayr, P (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci Welding & Forming, Kopernikusgasse 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM peter.mayr@tugraz.at; palmer18@llnl.gov; elmer1@llnl.gov; horst.cerjak@tugraz.at RI Mayr, Peter/C-4560-2008 OI Mayr, Peter/0000-0003-2530-4644 FU Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); U.S. DOE [DEFG02-91ER45439]; Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; UOP LLC; U.S. DOE; Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was part of the Austrian research cooperation ARGE ACCEPT COST 536 and was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) which is gratefully acknowledged. The UNICAT facility at the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. DOE under Award No. DEFG02-91ER45439, through the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (U.S. DOE contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. Department of Commerce) and UOP LLC. The APS is supported by the U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38." NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-429-3 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2007 VL 15-17 BP 1014 EP 1019 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.15-17.1014 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BOL59 UT WOS:000276951800175 ER PT S AU Gevorkyan, VA Aroutiounian, VM Gambaryan, KM Arakelyan, AH Andreev, IA Golubev, LV Yakoviev, YP Wanlass, MW AF Gevorkyan, Vladimir A. Aroutiounian, Vladimir M. Gambaryan, Karen M. Arakelyan, Artsrun H. Andreev, Igor A. Golubev, Lev V. Yakoviev, Yuri P. Wanlass, Mark W. BE Algora, C Corregidor, V TI The growth of low band-Gap InAsSbP based diode heterostructures for thermo-photovoltaic application SO Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY SEP 25-27, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Univ Politecn Madrid, Univ Autonoma Madrid, FULLSPECTRUM European Integrated Project, Aixtron AG, Epichem Grp, Prorinnovabili, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE thermo-photovoltaic; converter; p-n junction; LPE; LPEE; MCVPE AB This report describes our efforts to fabricate lattice matched p-InAsSbP/n-InAs and p-InAsSbP/n-InAsSbP/n-InAs epitaxial diode heterostructures for TPV converter applications. A new version of liquid-phase electroepitaxy, step - cooling LPE technique as well as MOVPE have been employed. The investigations of cross-sectional area of p-n heterojunctions, morphology of layers surface and calculations of quaternary InAsSbP alloys, composition have been curried out using SEM-EDX equipment. Epitaxial structures had a uniform thickness, a mirror-like surface and a very flat interface. The I-V characteristics, spectral response and other parameters of diode structures have been investigated. According to our previous results we believe that InAsSbP based devices are attractive for TPV application at low temperature (less than 1200K) emitters. C1 Yerevan State Univ, Dept Phys Semiconductors & Microelect, Yerevan 375025, Armenia. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gevorkyan, VA (reprint author), Yerevan State Univ, Dept Phys Semiconductors & Microelect, 1,A Manoukian Str, Yerevan 375025, Armenia. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0392-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 890 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BGA46 UT WOS:000245806800019 ER PT J AU Keller, CF AF Keller, Charles F. TI Global warming 2007 - An update to global warming: The balance of evidence and its policy implications SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE climate; climate change; global warming; climate modeling; atmosphere; ocean; greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide; solar activity; environment; ecosystems ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WORLDS OCEANS; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; BIASES; RISE; TIME; ICE AB In the four years since my original review (Keller[25]; hereafter referred to as CFK03), research has clarified and strengthened our understanding of how humans are warming the planet. So many of the details highlighted in the IPCC's Third Assessment Report[21] and in CFK03 have been resolved that I expect many to be a bit overwhelmed, and I hope that, by treating just the most significant aspects of the research, this update may provide a road map through the expected maze of new information. In particular, while most of CFK03 remains current, there are important items that have changed: Most notable is the resolution of the conundrum that mid-tropospheric warming did not seem to match surface warming. Both satellite and radiosonde (balloon-borne sensors) data reduction showed little warming in the middle troposphere (4-8 km altitude). In the CFK03 I discussed potential solutions to this problem, but at that time there was no clear resolution. This problem has now been solved, and the middle troposphere is seen to be warming apace with the surface. There have also been advances in determinations of temperatures over the past 1,000 years showing a cooler Little Ice Age (LIA) but essentially the same warming during medieval times (not as large as recent warming). The recent uproar over the so-called "hockey stick" temperature determination is much overblown since at least seven other groups have made relatively independent determinations of northern hemisphere temperatures over the same time period and derived essentially the same results. They differ on how cold the LIA was but essentially agree with the Mann's hockey stick result that the Medieval Warm Period was not as warm as the last 25 years. The question of the sun's influence on climate continues to generate controversy. It appears there is a growing consensus that, while the sun was a major factor in earlier temperature variations, it is incapable of having caused observed warming in the past quarter century or so. However, this conclusion is being challenged by differing interpretations of satellite observations of Total Solar Insolation (TSI). Different satellites give different estimates of TSI during the 1996-7 solar activity minimum. A recent study using the larger TSI satellite interpretation indicates a stronger role for the sun, and until there is agreement on TSI at solar minimum, we caution completely disregarding the sun as a significant factor in recent warming. Computer models continue to improve and, while they still do not do a satisfactory job of predicting regional changes, their simulations of global aspects of climate change and of individual forcings are increasingly reliable. In addition to these four areas, the past five years have seen advances in our understanding of many other aspects of climate change-from albedo changes due to land use to the dynamics of glacier movement. However, these more are of second order importance and will only be treated very briefly. The big news since CFK03 is the first of these, the collapse of the climate critics' last real bastion, namely that satellites and radiosondes show no significant warming in the past quarter century. Figuratively speaking, this was the center pole that held up the critics' entire "tent." Their argument was that, if there had been little warming in the past 25 years or so, then what warming was observed would have been within the range of natural variations with solar forcing as the major player. Further, the models would have been shown to be unreliable since they were predicting warming that was not happening. But now both satellite and in-situ radiosonde observations have been shown to corroborate both the surface observations of warming and the model predictions. Thus, while uncertainties still remain, we are now seeing a coherent picture in which past climate variations, solar and other forcings, model predictions and other indicators such as glacier recession all point to a human-induced warming that needs to be considered carefully. A final topic touched on briefly here is the new understanding of the phenomenon called "global dimming." Several sets of observations of the sun's total radiation at the surface have shown that there has been a reduction in sunlight reaching it. This has been related to the scattering of sunlight by aerosols and has led to a better quantification of the possibility that cleaning up our atmospheric pollution will lead to greater global warming. Adding all these advances together, there is a growing consensus that the 21st century will indeed see some 2 degrees C (3.5 degrees F) or more in additional warming. This is corroborated in the new IPCC Assessment, an early release of which is touched on very briefly here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Keller, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM alfanso@mail.cybermesa.com NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 129 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PY 2007 VL 7 BP 381 EP 399 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.91 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 144MF UT WOS:000244799500001 PM 17370024 ER PT S AU Albin, DS Demtsu, SH Duda, AM Metzger, WK AF Albin, David S. Demtsu, Samuel H. Duda, Anna M. Metzger, Wyatt K. BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI Temperature-dependent degradation modes in CdS/CdTe devices SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; STABILITY; PERFORMANCE; THICKNESS; CU AB A set of 24 identically made CdS/CdTe devices were subjected to accelerated lifetime testing (ALT) under open-circuit bias, I sun illumination, and temperatures of 60, 80, 100, and 120 degrees C. A total of 6 identical devices were tested for statistical purposes at each temperature. Current density-voltage (JV) measurements were made on stressed cells for up to 2000+ hours. Device performance parameters were calculated as a function of temperature and stress time using discrete element circuit models. Forward current behavior was represented by two parallel diodes to simulate recombination currents in the quasi-neutral (QNR) and space-charge (SCR) regions. Back contact behavior was studied using a parallel combination blocking diode and shunt conductance. A systematic pattern of degradation was apparent with increased stress temperature. At 60 degrees C, degradation associated with the CdTe/back contact dominates. At temperatures above 80 degrees C, greater losses in fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (V-oc) were observed. Recombination current modeling of JV data attributes this to increased space-charge recombination. Calculated diffusion lengths based upon an Arrhenius-derived activation energy of 0.63 eV in this temperature-range suggests Cu diffusion into the SCR is mechanistically responsible for the observed increased recombination, and decreased V., and FF. At lower temperatures (60 to 80 degrees C), degradation was considerably slower with a measured activation energy of 2.9 eV. C1 [Albin, David S.; Duda, Anna M.; Metzger, Wyatt K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800002 ER PT S AU Dhere, R Ramanathan, K Scharf, J Young, D To, B Duda, A Moutinho, H Noufi, R AF Dhere, Ramesh Ramanathan, Kannan Scharf, John Young, David To, Bobby Duda, Anna Moutinho, Helio Noufi, Rommel BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI Fabrication and characterization of Cd1-xMgxTe thin films and their application in solar cells SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present our work on developing Cd1-xMgxTe (CdMgTe) polycrystalline thin films for application in tandem solar cells. CdMgTe thin films were fabricated by co-evaporation of CdTe and Mg at a substrate temperature of 400 degrees C. The spatial separation of the two sources resulted in a compositional gradient, which allowed the deposition of a wide range of compositions from fewer runs. Stable films for compositions up to x=0.73 were fabricated. The structural analysis showed that the as-deposited films have a sphalerite structure and are preferentially oriented in the < 111 > direction, and the lattice constant varies linearly with composition. Optical analysis of the samples shows that the optical bandgap varies linearly with composition. The optical absorion coefficient of the alloy films for the entire composition range (up to x=0.73) is over 6x10(4) cm(-1) for energies above the bandgap, indicating a direct-gap semiconductor. We have fabricated solar cells using these films with the following structure: glass/SnO2/CdS/ CdMgTe / back contact. Using the same processing conditions used for CdTe solar cells, the device efficiency was less than 2%. With modified contact processing, we were able to improve efficiencies to over 5%. Post-deposition chloride heat-treatment in oxygen ambient resulted in partial dissociation of the CdMgTe alloy and loss of Mg. With modified chloride processing, we were able to reduce alloy decomposition and further improve the efficiencies. We have obtained devices with open-circuit voltages of 845 mV and efficiencies of 8% for CdMgTe devices with a bandgap in the range of 1.6-1.62 eV, which are the highest reported values for CdMgTe alloys. C1 [Dhere, Ramesh; Scharf, John; Young, David; To, Bobby; Duda, Anna; Moutinho, Helio; Noufi, Rommel] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dhere, R (reprint author), NREL, 5200,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800006 ER PT S AU Li, X Bai, M Pankow, J Asher, SE Moutinho, H Gessert, T AF Li, Xiaonan Bai, Mailasu Pankow, Joel Asher, Sally E. Moutinho, Helio Gessert, Tim BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI Effects of different fluorine dopants on the properties of the tin oxide window layer and CdTe/CdS solar cell SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SNO2; TETRAMETHYLTIN AB Conductive tin-oxide (SnO2) film is doped by group V or VII elements. Of all possible dopants, fluorine provides n-type SnO2 with the best electronic and optical properties. However, the commonly used fluorine dopant, bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF3), is a greenhouse gas. Thus, an alternative fluorine source is needed. In this work, we compared CIF3 as a fluorine dopant to CBrF3. With CBrF3 dopant, optimized carrier concentration and electron mobility values can reach to mid 10(20) cm(-3) and over 40 cm(2/)V-s, respectively. After carrier concentration saturates, the electronic mobility continues to improve with an increase of CBrF3 dopant concentration. As a comparison, to achieve similar carrier concentration, far less CIF3 dopant is required. However, the electron mobility is lower (<30 cm(2)/V-s) and does not improve with an increase of dopant concentration. The low electron mobility increases the optical absorption, especially of long wavelengthes. Considering CdTe/CdS solar cell efficiency, the device with a CIF3-doped SnO2 window layer provides the lower photocurrent. C1 [Li, Xiaonan; Pankow, Joel; Asher, Sally E.; Moutinho, Helio; Gessert, Tim] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 5200,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800008 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Jones, K Zhou, J Wu, XZ Al-Jassim, M AF Yan, Yanfa Jones, Kim Zhou, Jie Wu, Xuanzhi Al-Jassim, Mowafak BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI TEM study of locations of Cu in CdTe solar cells SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILM AB Using scanning transmission electron microscopy and nanoprobe X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, we studied the locations of Cu in CdTe solar cells and test interfaces with intentionally introduced Cu sources. We found three primary locations of Cu: 1) back-contact region, 2) CdTe layer, and 3) CdTe/CdS/TCO junction areas. In the back-contact region, Cu diffused from back-contact can convert the Te-rich layer into Cu-Te compounds. In the CdTe layer, a higher concentration of Cu is found to distribute along grain boundaries, but not in twin boundaries and stacking faults. In the CdTe/CdS/TCO junction area, Cu is found uniformly in the CdS layer. However, significant segregation of Cu into CdS/TCO interfaces is also found. C1 [Yan, Yanfa; Jones, Kim; Zhou, Jie; Wu, Xuanzhi; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NCPV, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, NCPV, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800036 ER PT S AU Moutinho, H Dhere, R Jiang, CS To, B Al-Jassim, M AF Moutinho, Helio Dhere, Ramesh Jiang, Chun-Sheng To, Bobby Al-Jassim, Mowafak BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI Electron-backscatter diffraction of photovoltaic thin films SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MICROSCOPY; INTERFACE AB In electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), crystalline orientation maps are formed while the electron beam of an SEM scans the sample surface. EBSD requires a flat sample to avoid shadowing of the electrons from the detector by surface features. In this work, the optimum experimental conditions and sample preparation for the EBSD study of close-spaced sublimation CdTe solar cells are explored and described. Untreated samples were rough, resulting in areas with no EBSD signal. We processed the samples by polishing and ion-beam milling. Polishing produced flat samples, but low-quality data, because the top surface of the samples had poor crystallinity. In contrast, ion-beam milling proved to be suitable for producing flat samples with minimal surface damage, yielding good EBSD data. We also analyzed the samples with atomic force microscopy, and correlated the quality of the EBSD data with sample roughness. The data showed that the CdTe films were randomly oriented and had columnar growth and a high density of < 111 > twin boundaries. C1 [Moutinho, Helio; Dhere, Ramesh; Jiang, Chun-Sheng; To, Bobby; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800052 ER PT S AU Zhou, J Wu, XZ Yan, YF Asher, S Da Silva, J Wei, SH Weinharde, L Bar, M Heske, C AF Zhou, Jie Wu, Xuanzhi Yan, Yanfa Asher, Sally Da Silva, Juarez Wei, Suhuai Weinharde, Lothar Bar, Marcus Heske, Clemens BE Gessert, T Durose, K Heske, C Marsillac, S Wada, T TI The mechanism of J-V "Roll-Over" in CdS/CdTe devices SO THIN-FILM COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS - 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; OXIDATION; INTERFACE; DIAGRAM AB The "roll-over" phenomenon in current-voltage (J-V) curves of CdS/CdTe devices is usually recognized as a result of the formation of a higher back barrier. When Cu has not been intentionally added to the back contact, roll-over is understandable. However, the mechanism was unclear for forming J-V roll-over in a CdTe cell with a back contact containing Cu. We did extensive characterizations, including XRD, XPS, SIMS, TEM, and EDS, and "recontact" experiments to understand this phenomenon. The results show that the roll-over comes from the formation of Cu-related oxides at the back side of the device during processing, rather than the diffusion of Cu to the front side of the device. Discussions related to the J-V roll-over mechanisms will also be presented. C1 [Zhou, Jie; Wu, Xuanzhi; Yan, Yanfa; Asher, Sally; Da Silva, Juarez; Wei, Suhuai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Da Silva, Juarez L. F./D-1779-2011 OI Da Silva, Juarez L. F./0000-0003-0645-8760 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-972-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 1012 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BHA33 UT WOS:000251799800072 ER PT S AU Ongtang, M Hurson, AR Jiao, Y Potok, TE AF Ongtang, Machigar Hurson, Ali R. Jiao, Yu Potok, Thomas E. GP IEEE TI Agent-based Transactions Management for Mobile Multidatabase SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS - WIMOB 2007 SE IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing Networking and Communications-WiMOB LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob) CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL White Plains, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The requirements to access and manipulate data across multiple heterogeneous existing databases and the proliferation of mobile technologies have propelled the development of mobile multidatabase system (MDBS). In that environment, transaction management is not a trivial task due to the technological constraints. This paper proposes an Agent-based Transaction Management for Mobile Multidatabase (AT3M) system. AT3M applies static and mobile agents to manage the transaction processing in mobile multidatabase system. It enables a fully distributed transaction management, accommodates mobility of the mobile clients, and allows global subtransactions to process in parallel. The proposed algorithm utilizes the hierarchical meta data structure of Summary Schema Model (SSM) which captures semantic information of data objects in the underlying local databases at different levels of abstractions. It is shown by simulation that AT3M suits well in mobile multidatabase environment and outperforms the existing V-Locking algorithm designed for the same environment in many aspects. C1 [Ongtang, Machigar; Hurson, Ali R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jiao, Yu; Potok, Thomas E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ongtang, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ongtang@cse.psu.edu; hurson@cse.psu.edu; jiaoy@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0324835] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under the contract IIS-0324835. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-4886 BN 978-0-7695-2889-2 J9 IEEE CONF WIREL MOB PY 2007 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU83 UT WOS:000300550500067 ER PT S AU Ramaswamy, V Hansson, A Eidenbenz, S AF Ramaswamy, Venkatesh Hansson, Anders Eidenbenz, Stephan GP IEEE TI COBRA-A Multi-Path Adaptive Local Load Sensing Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS - WIMOB 2007 SE IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing Networking and Communications-WiMOB LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob) CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL White Plains, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB We propose a family of location-based load balancing routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) called COBRA. In this approach, we combine local load balancing with shortest path routing to strike a balance between hop-count efficiency and load distribution. COBRA's advantages over traditional routing protocols are: (i) a significant reduction of hot-spot occurrences (i. e., nodes or areas of high congestion level), thus enabling longer uninterrupted operation of WSNs, (ii) a light-weight and scalable implementation that requires only local congestion updates, ideal for implementation on computationally challenged platforms, and (iii) combination of routing and congestion avoidance tasks in the protocol stack-a feature that leads to smoother TCP operation over wireless channels with fewer false positives on existing congestion and subsequent sending rate reduction by TCP. We show through simulation that COBRA's local load sensing in combination with a shortest path routing component is a promising paradigm that improves global performance in terms of throughput and scalability, while matching other protocols in the traditional energy efficiency objective. C1 [Ramaswamy, Venkatesh; Hansson, Anders; Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramaswamy, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp CCS 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vramaswa@lanl.gov; hansson@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-4886 BN 978-0-7695-2889-2 J9 IEEE CONF WIREL MOB PY 2007 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU83 UT WOS:000300550500062 ER PT S AU Pedretti, M Alessandria, F Ardito, R Arnaboldi, C Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, JW Bellini, F Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cebrian, S Clemenza, M Cosmelli, C Cuneo, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ Dafinei, I Di Domizio, S Diemoz, S Dolinski, MJ Farach, HA Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Foggetta, L Freedman, SJ Gargiulo, C Giachero, A Guardincerri, E Giuliani, A Gorla, P Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Heeger, KM Irastorza, IG Kolomenski, YG Longo, E Maier, G Maruyama, R Martinez, C Morganti, S Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olcese, M Ottonello, P Pallavicini, M Palmieri, E Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Pessina, G Previtali, E Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Salvioni, C Sangiorgio, S Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G Vignati, M Xu, N Zarra, C Zanotti, L AF Pedretti, M. Alessandria, F. Ardito, R. Arnaboldi, C. Avignone, F. T., III Balata, M. Bandac, I. Barucci, M. Beeman, J. W. Bellini, F. Brofferio, C. Bucci, C. Capelli, S. Carbone, L. Cebrian, S. Clemenza, M. Cosmelli, C. Cuneo, S. Cremonesi, O. Creswick, R. J. Dafinei, I. Di Domizio, S. Diemoz, S. Dolinski, M. J. Farach, H. A. Ferroni, F. Fiorini, E. Foggetta, L. Freedman, S. J. Gargiulo, C. Giachero, A. Guardincerri, E. Giuliani, A. Gorla, P. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Heeger, K. M. Irastorza, I. G. Kolomenski, Yu. G. Longo, E. Maier, G. Maruyama, R. Martinez, C. Morganti, S. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, E. B. Nucciotti, A. Olcese, M. Ottonello, P. Pallavicini, M. Palmieri, E. Pavan, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Pessina, G. Previtali, E. Risegari, L. Rosenfeld, C. Salvioni, C. Sangiorgio, S. Sisti, M. Smith, A. R. Torres, L. Ventura, G. Vignati, M. Xu, N. Zarra, C. Zanotti, L. BE Loaiza, P TI An active-shield method for the reduction of surface contamination in CUORE SO TOPICAL WORSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY OCT 01-04, 2006 CL Aussois, FRANCE SP ILIAS DE cryogenic detector; bolometer; double beta decay; neutrino AB The main goal of the CUORE experiment is to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Te-130. As it is a rare nuclear decay, the sensitivity of the experiment strongly depends on the background level in the transition energy region. In this paper we describe the R&D work performed to develop an active method for the reduction of radioactive background in CUORE. The idea is to reject events originated by surface contamination in large mass bolometric detectors by using bolometers sensitive to surface events. Results obtained with the first prototypes and tests made with large mass surface sensitive bolometers will be reported. C1 [Pedretti, M.; Salvioni, C.; Sangiorgio, S.] Univ Insubria, Sez INFN Milano, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Alessandria, F.] INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Ardito, R.; Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Fiorini, E.] INFN, Dept Phys, I-2016 Milan, Italy. [Ardito, R.; Beeman, J. W.; Haller, E. E.] Dept Ingegneria Strutturale Politecnico, 1-20133 Milan, Italy. [Avignone, F. T., III; Bandac, I.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Balata, M.; Nisi, S.] Lab Nat Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Barucci, M.; Risegari, L.; Ventura, G.] Univ Florence, Dept Phys, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Haller, E. E.] Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bellini, F.; Cosmelli, C.] Univ Rome, Dept Phys, Rome, Italy. [Gorla, P.; Irastorza, I. G.] Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fisica Nuclear Alta Engn, Zaragoza, Spain. [Cuneo, S.; Di Domizio, S.; Giachero, A.; Olcese, M.; Pallavicini, M.] INFN, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Guardincerri, E.; Ottonello, P.; Pallavicini, M.] INFN, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Dolinski, M. J.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cosmelli, C.; Norman, E. B.] Lawence Livermore Nat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Freedman, S. J.; Kolomenski, Yu. G.; Xu, N.] Div Nucl Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freedman, S. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pedretti, M (reprint author), Univ Insubria, Sez INFN Milano, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. RI Heeger, Karsten/A-9533-2011; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; Foggetta, Luca/A-4810-2010; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; Sangiorgio, Samuele/F-4389-2014; OI Clemenza, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8064-8936; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; Heeger, Karsten/0000-0002-4623-7543; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; Foggetta, Luca/0000-0002-6389-1280; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Sangiorgio, Samuele/0000-0002-4792-7802; ARDITO, RAFFAELE/0000-0002-4271-9190 FU ILIAS [RII3-CT-2004-506222]; European Union; Italian Ministery of Research and University FX We are pleased to acknowledge that this work has been partially supported by the ILIAS integrating activity (Contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506222) as part of the European Union FP6 programme in Astroparticle Physics, and by the PRIN- 2004 project "Large Mass, Low Noise Cryogenic Detectors to Search for Weak and Gravitational Processes" (Italian Ministery of Research and University). NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0402-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 897 BP 59 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BGD19 UT WOS:000246129600010 ER PT S AU Bellini, F Alessandria, F Andreotti, E Ardito, R Arnaboldi, C Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, JW Berger, B Brofferio, C Bryant, A Bucci, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cebrian, S Clemenza, M Cosmelli, C Cuneo, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ Dafinei, I Decowsk, MP Di Domizio, S Diemoz, S Dolinski, MJ Farach, HA Faccini, R Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Foggetta, L Freedman, SJ Gargiulo, C Giachero, A Guardincerri, E Giuliani, A Gorla, P Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Heeger, KM Irastorza, IG Gadel, R Kolomensky, YG Longo, E Maier, G Maruyama, R Martinez, C Morganti, S Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olcese, M Ottonello, P Pallavicini, M Palmieri, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Sangiorgio, S Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Tomei, C Ventura, G Vignati, M Xu, N Zarra, C Zanotti, L AF Bellini, F. Alessandria, F. Andreotti, E. Ardito, R. Arnaboldi, C. Avignone, F. T., III Balata, M. Bandac, I. Barucci, M. Beeman, J. W. Berger, B. Brofferio, C. Bryant, A. Bucci, C. Capelli, S. Carbone, L. Cebrian, S. Clemenza, M. Cosmelli, C. Cuneo, S. Cremonesi, O. Creswick, R. J. Dafinei, I. Decowsk, M. P. Di Domizio, S. Diemoz, S. Dolinski, M. J. Farach, H. A. Faccini, R. Ferroni, F. Fiorini, E. Foggetta, L. Freedman, S. J. Gargiulo, C. Giachero, A. Guardincerri, E. Giuliani, A. Gorla, P. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Heeger, K. M. Irastorza, I. G. Gadel, R. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Longo, E. Maier, G. Maruyama, R. Martinez, C. Morganti, S. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, E. B. Nucciotti, A. Olcese, M. Ottonello, P. Pallavicini, M. Palmieri, E. Pavan, M. Pedretti, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Previtali, E. Risegari, L. Rosenfeld, C. Sangiorgio, S. Sisti, M. Smith, A. R. Torres, L. Tomei, C. Ventura, G. Vignati, M. Xu, N. Zarra, C. Zanotti, L. BE Loaiza, P TI Passive shielding in CUORE SO TOPICAL WORSHOP ON LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques CY OCT 01-04, 2006 CL Aussois, FRANCE SP ILIAS DE double beta decay; cryogenic detector; neutrons background ID NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; MUONS; FLUX; PB; DEPTH; CD; FE; AL AB The nature of neutrino mass is one of the friontier problems of fundamental physics. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0vDBD) is a powerful tool to investigate the mass hierarchy and possible extensions of the Standard Model. CUORE is a 1-Ton next generation experiment, made of 1000 Te bolometers, aiming at reaching a background of 0.01 (possibly 0.001) counts keV(-1) kg(-1) y(-1) and therefore a mass sensitivity of few tens of meV The background contribution due to environmental neutrons, muon-induced neutrons in the shieldings and external gamma is discussed. C1 [Bellini, F.; Gargiulo, C.; Tomei, C.; Vignati, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Alessandria, F.] INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Andreotti, E.; Pedretti, M.] Univ Insubria, Dept Math Phys, I-22100 Comazzo, Italy. [Arnaboldi, C.; Carbone, L.; Cremonesi, O.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-2016 Milan, Italy. [Ardito, R.] Dept Struct Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Avignone, F. T., III; Bandac, I.; Creswick, R. J.; Martinez, C.; Rosenfeld, C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Balata, M.; Zarra, C.] Lab Nat Gran Sasso, I-67010 Sassari, Italy. [Risegari, L.; Ventura, G.] Univ Florence, Dept Phys, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Beeman, J. W.] Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berger, B.; Bryant, A.; Decowsk, M. P.; Xu, N.] Nuc Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cebrian, S.; Gorla, P.; Irastorza, I. G.] Univ Zaragoza, Fis Lab, Zaragoza, Spain. [Olcese, M.; Ottonello, P.; Pallavicini, M.] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, Genoa, Italy. [Olcese, M.; Pallavicini, M.] INFN, Genoa, Italy. [Dolinski, M. J.; Freedman, S. J.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dolinski, M. J.; Norman, E. B.] Lawrence Livermore Nat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gutierrez, T. D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Bellini, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Heeger, Karsten/A-9533-2011; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Foggetta, Luca/A-4810-2010; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; Sangiorgio, Samuele/F-4389-2014; OI Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Heeger, Karsten/0000-0002-4623-7543; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Foggetta, Luca/0000-0002-6389-1280; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Clemenza, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8064-8936; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Sangiorgio, Samuele/0000-0002-4792-7802; ARDITO, RAFFAELE/0000-0002-4271-9190; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0402-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 897 BP 117 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BGD19 UT WOS:000246129600019 ER PT S AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, D. J. BE Bydzovsky, P Gal, A Mares, J TI Hypernuclear gamma-ray spectroscopy and the structure of p-shell nuclei and hypernuclei SO Topics in Strangeness Nuclear Physics SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Indian-Summer School of Physics CY OCT 03-07, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP JINR-CR Collaborat Comm, CERN-CR Collaborat Comm, Votruba Blokhintsev Program Theoret Phys, Co Optagl Ltd ID 1P SHELL; COLLECTIVE MOTION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; HYPER-NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS; MODEL; LI-7(LAMBDA); POTENTIALS; 1P-SHELL; WIGNER AB Information on Li-7(Lambda), Be-9(Lambda), B-10(Lambda), B-11(Lambda), C-12(Lambda), N-15(Lambda), and O-16(Lambda) from the Ge detector array Hyperball is interpreted in terms of shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations with p-shell cores. It is shown that the data puts strong constraints on the spin dependence of the Lambda N effective interaction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-72038-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2007 VL 724 BP 31 EP 79 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-72039-3-2 PG 49 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR01 UT WOS:000249889700002 ER PT S AU Bremer, PT Pascucci, V AF Bremer, Peer-Timo Pascucci, Valeric BE Hauser, H Hagen, H Theisel, H TI A practical approach to two-dimensional scalar topology SO TOPOLOGY-BASED METHODS IN VISUALIZATION SE Mathematics and Visualization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Topology-Based Methods in Visualization CY SEP 29-30, 2005 CL Budmerice, SLOVAKIA SP German Res Fdn, European Assoc Comp Graph, Austrian Comp Soc AB Computing and analyzing the topology of scalar fields has proven to be a powerful tool in a wide variety of applications. In recent years the field has evolved from computing contour trees of two-dimensional functions to Reeb graphs of general two-manifolds, analyzing the topology of time-dependent volumes, and finally to creating Morse-Smale complexes of two and three dimensional functions. However, apart from theoretical advances practical applications depend on the development of robust and easy to implement algorithms. The progression from initial to practical algorithms is evident, for example, in the contour tree computation where the latest algorithms consist of no more than a couple of dozens lines of pseudo-code. In this paper we describe a similarly simple approach to compute progressive Morse-Smale complexes of functions over two-manifolds. We discuss compact and transparent data-structures used to compute and store Morse-Smale complexes and demonstrate how they can be used to implement interactive topology based simplification. In particular, we show how special cases arising, for example, from manifolds with boundaries or highly quantized functions are handled effectively. Overall the new algorithm is easier to implement and more efficient both run-time and storage wise than previous approaches by avoiding to refine a given triangulation. C1 [Bremer, Peer-Timo; Pascucci, Valeric] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bremer, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ptbremer@11nl.gov; pascuccil@11nl.gov FU auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3786 BN 978-3-540-70822-3 J9 MATH VIS PY 2007 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-70823-0_11 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGT22 UT WOS:000250404000011 ER PT B AU Dumitrescu, CL Dunnweber, J Ludeking, P Gorlatch, S Raicu, I Foster, I AF Dumitrescu, Catalin L. Duennweber, Jan Luedeking, Philipp Gorlatch, Sergei Raicu, Ioan Foster, Ian BE Priol, T Vanneschi, M TI Simplifying grid application programming using web-enabled code transfer tools SO TOWARDS NEXT GENERATION GRIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CoreGRID Symposium CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL Rennes, FRANCE DE distributed systems; resource management; service level agreements AB This paper deals with one of the fundamental properties of grid computing transferring code between grid nodes and executing it remotely on heterogeneous hosts. Contemporary middleware relies for this purpose on Web Services, which makes application programs complicated and low-level and requires much additional expertise from programmers. We compare two mechanisms for grid application programming with regard to their handling of code transfer - the de-facto standard WS-GRAM in Globus and the higher-level approach based on HOCs (Higher-Order Components). We study the advantages and problems of each approach using a real-world application case study - the sequent alignment problem from bioinformatics. Our experiments show the trade-off between reduced development costs and software complexity when HOCs are used and the higher performance of the applications on the grid when using WS-GRAM. C1 [Dumitrescu, Catalin L.; Duennweber, Jan; Luedeking, Philipp; Gorlatch, Sergei] Univ Munster, CoreGrid Inst Programming Models, Dept Math & Comp Sci, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Raicu, Ioan; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dumitrescu, CL (reprint author), Univ Munster, CoreGrid Inst Programming Models, Dept Math & Comp Sci, D-4400 Munster, Germany. EM dumitres@uni-muenster.de; duennweb@uni-muenster.de; muli@uni-muenster.de; gorlatch@uni-muenster.de; iraicu@cs.uchicago.edu; foster@cs.uchicago.edu FU FP6 Network of Excellence CoreGRID; European Commission [IST-2002-004265] FX This research work was supported in part under the FP6 Network of Excellence CoreGRID funded by the European Commission (Contract IST-2002-004265). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-72497-3 PY 2007 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72498-0_21 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ53 UT WOS:000249770900021 ER PT J AU Carey, SA Minard, KR Trease, LL Wagner, JG Garcia, GJM Ballinger, CA Kimbell, JS Plopper, CG Corley, RA Postlethwait, EM Harkema, JR AF Carey, Stephan A. Minard, Kevin R. Trease, Lynn L. Wagner, James G. Garcia, Guilherme J. M. Ballinger, Carol A. Kimbell, Julia S. Plopper, Charles G. Corley, Richard A. Postlethwait, Edward M. Harkema, Jack R. TI Three-dimensional mapping of ozone-induced injury in the nasal airways of monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging and morphometric techniques SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; nasal toxicology; ozone; computational fluid dynamics; morphometry ID AIR-FLOW; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; SURFACE-AREAS; INHALED GASES; BONNET MONKEY; CAVITY; NOSE; RATS; EXPOSURE; LESIONS AB Age-related changes in gross and microscopic structure of the nasal cavity may alter local tissue susceptibility as well as the dose of inhaled toxicant delivered to susceptible sites. This article describes a novel method for the use of magnetic resonance imaging, 3-dimensional airway modeling, and morphometric techniques to characterize the distribution and magnitude of ozone-induced nasal injury in infant monkeys. Using this method, we generated age-specific, 3-dimensional, epithelial maps of the nasal airways of infant Rhesus macaques. The principal nasal lesions observed in this primate model of ozone-induced nasal toxicology were neutrophilic rhinitis, along with necrosis and exfoliation of the epithelium lining the anterior maxilloturbinate. These lesions, induced by acute or cyclic (episodic) exposures, were examined by light microscopy, quantified by morphometric techniques, and mapped on 3-dimensional models of the nasal airways. Here, we describe the histopathologic, imaging, and computational biology methods developed to precisely characterize, localize, quantify, and map these nasal lesions. By combining these techniques, the location and severity of the nasal epithelial injury were correlated with epithelial type, nasal airway geometry, and local biochemical and molecular changes on an individual animal basis. These correlations are critical for accurate predictive modeling of exposure-dose-response relationships in the nasal airways, and subsequent extrapolation of nasal findings in animals to humans for determining risk. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr 212, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Carey, SA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Invest, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr 212, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM harkemaj@msu.edu RI Garcia, Guilherme/J-9555-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL073598]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES011617] NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1080/01926230601072343 PG 14 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300004 PM 17325970 ER PT J AU Renne, RA Gideon, KM Harbo, SJ Staska, LM Grumbein, SL AF Renne, Roger A. Gideon, Kathy M. Harbo, Sam J. Staska, Laurie M. Grumbein, Sondra L. TI Upper respiratory tract lesions in inhalation toxicology SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nose; larynx; comparative anatomy; upper respiratory tract; inhalation toxicology ID NASAL CAVITY; B6C3F1 MICE; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; F344 RATS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; TOXICITY; EPITHELIUM; FORMALDEHYDE; LARYNX AB This paper describes some important differences in normal histology of the upper respiratory tract of laboratory animals. It also provides examples of lesions observed or reported in the upper respiratory tract of laboratory animals, predominantly rodents, exposed via inhalation. The anatomy and physiology of upper respiratory tract tissues play a major role in the response to an insult, given that different epithelial types vary in susceptibility to injury and toxicant exposure concentrations throughout the airway vary due to airflow dynamics. Although dogs and nonhuman primates are utilized for inhalation toxicology studies, less information is available regarding sites of upper respiratory injury and types of responses in these species. Awareness of interspecies differences in normal histology and zones of transition from squamous to respiratory to olfactory epithelium in different areas of the upper respiratory tract is critical to detection and description of lesions. Repeated inhalation of chemicals, drugs, or environmental contaminants induces a wide range of responses, depending on the physical properties of the toxicant and concentration and duration of exposure. Accurate and consistent fixation, trimming, and microtomy of tissue sections using anatomic landmarks are critical steps in providing the pathologist the tools needed to compare the morphology of upper respiratory tract tissues from exposed and control animals and detect and interpret subtle differences. C1 Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Renne, RA (reprint author), Battelle Toxicol NW, 900 Battelle Blvd,K4-16, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM renne@battelle.org NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1080/01926230601052667 PG 7 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 145UP UT WOS:000244891300019 PM 17325985 ER PT J AU Einstein, DR Carey, SA Garcia, GJM Corley, RA Minard, KR Ballinger, CA Postlethwait, EM Trease, LL Kimbell, JS Harkema, JR Wagner, JG Plopper, CG AF Einstein, Daniel R. Carey, S. A. Garcia, G. J. M. Corley, R. A. Minard, K. R. Ballinger, C. A. Postlethwait, E. M. Trease, L. L. Kimbell, J. S. Harkema, J. R. Wagner, J. G. Plopper, C. G. TI Three-dimensional mapping of ozone-induced injury in the nasal airways of monkeys using magnetic resonance imaging and morphometric techniques (vol 35, pg 27, 2007) SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Einstein, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PY 2007 VL 35 IS 4 BP 620 EP 620 DI 10.1080/01926230701493118 PG 1 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 190GQ UT WOS:000248047700014 ER PT J AU Kousba, AA Poet, TS Timchalk, C AF Kousba, Ahmed A. Poet, Torka S. Timchalk, Charles TI Age-related brain cholinesterase inhibition kinetics following in vitro incubation with chlorpyrifos-oxon and diazinon-oxon SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cholinesterase; organophosphate insecticide; chlorpyrifos-oxon; diazinon-oxon ID GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; RAT-BRAIN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; ESTERASE-ACTIVITIES; SENSITIVITY; PARATHION; CHILDREN AB Chlorpyrifos and diazinon are two commonly used organophosphorus insecticides (OPs), and their primary mechanism of action involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by their metabolites chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) and diazinon-oxon (DZO), respectively. The study objectives were to assess the in vitro age-related inhibition kinetics of neonatal rat brain cholinesterase (ChE) for CPO and DZO by estimating the bimolecular inhibitory rate constant (k(i)) values. Brain ChE inhibition and ki values following CPO and DZO incubation with neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates were determined at postnatal day (PND) 5, 12, and 17 and compared with the corresponding inhibition and ki values obtained in the adult rat. A modified Ellman method was utilized for measuring the ChE activity. CPO caused a greater ChE inhibition than DZO as evidenced from the estimated k(i) values of both compounds. Neonatal brain ChE inhibition kinetics exhibited a marked age-related sensitivity to CPO, with the order of ChE inhibition being PND 5 > PND 7 > PND 17 with ki values of 0.95, 0.50, and 0.22nM(-1)hr(-1), respectively. In contrast, DZO ChE inhibition was not age related in the neonatal brain, and the estimated ki value at all PND ages was 0.02nM(-1)hr(-1). These results demonstrated an age- and OP-selective inhibition of rat brain ChE, which may be critically important in understanding the potential sensitivity of juveniles to specific OPs exposures. C1 Targen Inc, Dept Pharmaceut Property Assessments, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kousba, AA (reprint author), Targen Inc, Dept Pharmaceut Property Assessments, 9380 Judicial Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM akousba@targegen.com FU NIOSH CDC HHS [5 R01 OH003629-03] NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl123 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 120GK UT WOS:000243072300014 PM 17018647 ER PT B AU Clement, E Malloggi, F Andreotti, B Aranson, IS AF Clement, Eric Malloggi, Florent Andreotti, Bruno Aranson, Igor S. BE Schadschneider, A Poschel, T Kuhne, R Schreckenberg, M Wolf, DE TI Erosion waves: When a model experiment meets a theory SO TRAFFIC AND GRANULAR FLOW ' 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow CY OCT 10-12, 2005 CL Humboldt Univ, Berlin, GERMANY SP German Res Soc, Technol Fdn Berlin, German Aerosp Ctr HO Humboldt Univ ID GRANULAR FLOWS; INSTABILITIES; DYNAMICS; FILMS AB We present recent results on two laboratory scale avalanches experiments taking place both in the air and under-water. In both cases, a family of solitary erosion/deposition waves are triggered. At higher inclination angles, we show the existence of a linear long wavelength transverse instability followed by a coarsening dynamics and finally, the onset of a fingering pattern. Both experiments strongly differ by the spatial and time scales involved, nevertheless, the quantitative agreement between the stability diagram, the wavelengths selection and the avalanche morphology suggest a common erosion /deposition scenario. These experiments are studied theoretically in the framework of the "partial fluidization" model that was developed earlier to describe dense granular flows. This model identifies a family of propagating solitary waves displaying a behavior similar to the experimental observation. A primary cause for the transverse instability is directly related to the dependence of the solitary wave velocity on the granular mass trapped in the avalanche, a results recovered experimentally. C1 [Clement, Eric; Malloggi, Florent; Andreotti, Bruno] Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, Lab Phys & Mecan Mil Heterogenes, UMR 7636, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France. [Aranson, Igor S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Clement, E (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, Lab Phys & Mecan Mil Heterogenes, UMR 7636, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France. EM erc@ccr.jussieu.fr; mallogg@ccr.jussieu.fr; andreotti@pmmh.espci.fr; aronson@anl.gov RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 FU US DOE, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38]; ANR project "Catastrophes telluriques et Tsunami":PIGE FX We thank Olivier Pouliquen, Philippe Claudin, Stephane Douady, Lev Tsimring, Tamas Borzsonyi and Robert Ecke for discussions and help. IA was supported by US DOE, Office of Science, contract W-31-109-ENG-38; BA, EC and FM are supported by ANR project Catastrophes telluriques et Tsunami:PIGE. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-47640-5 PY 2007 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-47641-2_10 PG 2 WC Biology; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Transportation Science & Technology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physics; Transportation GA BGC14 UT WOS:000245977100010 ER PT J AU Pedersen, PS AF Pedersen, Paul S. TI An ideal separating extension of affine space SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB In a. ne space the set of solutions to a system of polynomial equations does not uniquely determine the system. We extend a. ne space so that the solutions ( in the extension) to a system of equations uniquely determines the system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pedersen, PS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9947 J9 T AM MATH SOC JI Trans. Am. Math. Soc. PY 2007 VL 359 IS 7 BP 3071 EP 3083 DI 10.1090/S0002-9947-07-04123-2 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 149LT UT WOS:000245149100004 ER PT J AU Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR Lee, YH Maupin, PH AF Bur, Anthony J. Roth, Steven C. Start, Paul R. Lee, Yu-Hsin Maupin, Paul H. TI Monitoring clay exfoliation during polymer/clay compounding using fluorescence spectroscopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE exfoliation; fluorescence spectroscopy; nanoclay composites; nylon; polymer processing; process monitoring ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; MELT; MONTMORILLONITE; INTERCALATION; POLYSTYRENE; DYNAMICS; NYLON-6; POLYAMIDE; EXTENT AB A fluorescent probe molecule, Nile blue perchlorate, was used to monitor the compounding of nylon 11 with clay filler. Prior to compounding, Nile blue was incorporated into the gallery region between silicate layers of the clay by an ion-exchange process. While residing in the gallery, fluorescence from Nile blue was quenched because of fluorescence resorption in a high dye concentration environment. However, when clay is compounded with the nylon, clay exfoliation allowed the dye to escape the gallery region and to become dispersed in the resin matrix. During batch mixing, we observed that fluorescence increased with time indicating that dye molecules were migrating from the gallery. Experiments carried out using a twin-screw extruder to compound resin and clay showed that twin-screw compounding was much more efficient in producing clay exfoliation than was the batch mixer. C1 [Bur, Anthony J.; Roth, Steven C.; Start, Paul R.; Lee, Yu-Hsin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anthony.bur@verizon.net NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0142-3312 J9 T I MEAS CONTROL JI Trans. Inst. Meas. Control PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1177/0142331207073486 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 249BM UT WOS:000252201800003 ER PT B AU Bartsch, MS McCrink, MH Crocker, RW Mosier, BP Peterson, KA Wally, K Patel, KD AF Bartsch, Michael S. McCrink, Matthew H. Crocker, Robert W. Mosier, Bruce P. Peterson, Kenneth A. Wally, Karl Patel, Kamlesh D. GP IEEE TI Electrokinetically pumped liquid propellant microthrusters for orbital station keeping SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE monopropellant; electro-osmosis; capillary nozzle; hydrazine; iridium catalyst; microfluidic AB For most orbital maneuvers, small satellites in the sub-10 kg range require thrusters capable of spanning the micro-Newton to milli-Newton force range. At this scale, electrokinetic (EK) pumping offers precise metering of monergolic or hypergolic liquid propellants under purely electrical control at pressures and flow rates well-suited to microthruster applications. We have demonstrated direct and indirect EK pumping for delivery of anhydrous hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide monopropellants, respectively, into capillary-based microthrusters with integrated in-line catalyst beds. Catalytic decomposition generates gases which accelerate through a plasma-formed converging-diverging nozzle, producing thrust. Specific impulses up to 190 s have been shown for hydrazine in non-optimized nozzles. C1 [Bartsch, Michael S.; Crocker, Robert W.; Mosier, Bruce P.; Wally, Karl; Patel, Kamlesh D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McCrink, Matthew H.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Peterson, Kenneth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Bartsch, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kdpatel@sandia.gov RI Patel, Kamlesh/A-9728-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700606 ER PT B AU Krishnamoorthy, U Carr, DW Bogart, CR Baker, M Olsson, RH AF Krishnamoorthy, U. Carr, D. W. Bogart, C. R. Baker, M. S. Olsson, R. H., III GP IEEE TI In-plane nano-G accelerometer based on an optical resonant detection system SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE nanograting; optical accelerometer; optical resonant detection; in-plane accelerometer; optical sensing; low-G accelerations AB We have successfully demonstrated a series of results that push the limits of optical sensing, acceleration sensing and lithography. We previously built some of the most sensitive displacement sensors with displacement sensitivities as low as 12 fm/root Hz at 1 kHz. Using reference detection circuitry in conjunction with correlated double sampling methods, we have lowered the 1/f noise floor to 10 milli-Hz, hence improving the detection limit at low frequencies (10 milli-Hz) from 37 pm/root Hz to 50 fm/root Hz i.e. by 57.3 dB. We have developed the capability to convert these highly sensitive displacement sensors to highly sensitive acceleration sensors through innovative low-stress mass addition and direct mass integration processes. We have built accelerometers with resonant frequencies as low as 43 Hz and thermal noise floors as low as 10 nG/root Hz. We have pushed the limits of shaker table experiments to verify direct acceleration measurements as low as 10 mu G/root Hz. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, U.; Bogart, C. R.; Baker, M. S.; Olsson, R. H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Carr, D. W.] Symphony Acoust, Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, U (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ukrishn@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700294 ER PT B AU Nielson, GN Olsson, RH Bogart, CR Resnick, PR Spahn, OB Tigges, C Grossetete, G Barbastathis, G AF Nielson, G. N. Olsson, R. H., III Bogart, C. R. Resnick, P. R. Spahn, O. B. Tigges, C. Grossetete, G. Barbastathis, G. GP IEEE TI Dynamic pull-in and switching for sub-pull-in voltage electrostatic actuation SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE MEMS actuation; MEMS switching; micromirrors; high-speed switching; optical switching AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new MEMS switching technique using elastic potential energy to drive switching with electrostatic force used for switch control. This approach allows switching into pulled-in states at voltages significantly less than the quasi-static pull-in voltage, We have demonstrated switching into a pulled-in position using voltages much less than the pull-in voltage with a large torsional MEMS mirror, a high-speed torsional MEMS mirror, and a high-speed rectilinear MEMS switch that operates horizontally. Both high-speed devices have demonstrated switching in less than 500 ns over relatively large gaps. C1 [Nielson, G. N.; Olsson, R. H., III; Bogart, C. R.; Resnick, P. R.; Spahn, O. B.; Tigges, C.; Grossetete, G.; Barbastathis, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Sci Technol & Components Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnniels@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories Truman in National Security Science and Engineering; Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700109 ER PT B AU Olsson, RH Fleming, JG El-Kady, LF Tuck, MR McCormick, FB AF Olsson, Roy H., III Fleming, James G. El-Kady, Ihab F. Tuck, Melanie R. McCormick, Frederick B. GP IEEE TI Micromachined bulk wave acoustic bandgap devices SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE acoustic bandgap; acoustic crystal; aluminum nitride; phononic bandgap; phononic crystal AB A MEMS bulk wave acoustic bandgap has been designed and experimentally verified. The acoustic bandgaps are realized by including tungsten (W) scatterers in a SiO2 matrix. Wide frequency ranges where acoustic waves are forbidden to exist are formed due to the large density and acoustic impedance mismatch between W and SiO2. The acoustic bandgap structures are fabricated in a 7-mask process that features integrated aluminum nitride piezoelectric couplers. Acoustic bandgaps in a square lattice have been measured at 33 and 67 MHz with up to 35 dB of acoustic rejection and bandwidths exceeding 35% of the midgap. C1 [Olsson, Roy H., III; Fleming, James G.; El-Kady, Ihab F.; Tuck, Melanie R.; McCormick, Frederick B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olsson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rholsso@sandia.gov RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like that thank the MDL staff at Sandia National Laboratories including Jim Stevens, Mike Olewine and Pat Nelson for their work with the AlN film. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation, Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700075 ER PT B AU Ravula, SK Lidke, DS Oliver, JM Branch, DW Kaduchak, G James, CD Brener, I AF Ravula, Surendra K. Lidke, Diane S. Oliver, Janet M. Branch, Darren W. Kaduchak, Gregory James, Conrad D. Brener, Igal GP IEEE TI A microfluidic platform with microacoustics and dielectrophoresis for high throughput analyses of spatiotemporal signaling in biological cells SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE microacoustics; dielectrophoresis; spatiotemporal signaling; microfluidics ID TRANSMISSION-LINE ANALOGY; PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS; FLOWS AB In this paper we describe our work that uses acoustics and dielectrophoresis to move particles/cells in microsystems. These particle manipulation technologies are used to create a high throughput system for spatiotemporal analyses of signaling within biological cells. The fabrication scheme and the focusing characteristics of the system are presented. The system allows the focusing characteristics to be tuned and optimized by changing the frequency of actuation for both the dielectrophoretic and piezoelectric electrodes. In addition to system characterization, we present initial data positioning rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells along the diffusion boundary of two different flow streams. C1 [Ravula, Surendra K.; Branch, Darren W.; James, Conrad D.; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Phonton Microsyst, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lidke, Diane S.; Oliver, Janet M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kaduchak, Gregory] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ravula, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Phonton Microsyst, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM skravul@sandia.gov; dlidke@salud.unm.edu; kaduchak@lanl.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories LDRD; United States Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL 85000] FX This work was supported by the Sandia National Laboratories LDRD program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DEAC04-94AL 85000 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700171 ER PT B AU Srivastava, N Brennan, JS Throckmorton, DJ Branda, SS Zhang, Z Singh, AX Herr, AE AF Srivastava, Nimisha Brennan, James S. Throckmorton, Daniel J. Branda, Steven S. Zhang, Zhaodou Singh, Anup X. Herr, Amy E. GP IEEE TI Studies of phosphorylation during innate immune signaling using on-chip cell preparation and downstream flow cytometry SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE microfluidics; cell handling; flow cytometry; signaling; macrophage AB Fine temporal resolution is required for monitoring protein phosphorylation events key to cellular signaling pathways. With the goal of teasing apart the kinetics of phosphorylation cascades central to the human innate immune response to pathogen invasion, our group has developed a microfluidic device that integrates flow cytometry with required upstream cell preparation steps. Streamlined cell preparation and analysis allows monitoring of events with kinetic resolution on the order of minutes - not tens of minutes to hours. The planar microfluidic device contains 50mm long spiral mixers, porous polymer monoliths for selective exchange of reagents, and incubation chambers (similar to 1000 cells per chamber) where macrophage cells (RAW264.7) are challenged with a chemical signal of Gram-negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharide) and subsequently labeled with fluorescent immunoreagents. Finally, on the same device, the labeled macrophage cells are analyzed using two-color flow cytometry. Such an integrated self-contained microfluidic platform promises to be of widespread use to host-pathogen studies in infectious disease laboratories. C1 [Srivastava, Nimisha; Brennan, James S.; Throckmorton, Daniel J.; Branda, Steven S.; Zhang, Zhaodou; Singh, Anup X.; Herr, Amy E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Srivastava, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nsrivas@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700043 ER PT B AU Steffen, JH Agol, E AF Steffen, J. H. Agol, E. BE Afonso, C Weldrake, D Henning, T TI Developments in planet detection using transit timing variations SO TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS WORKSHOP SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Transiting Extrasolar Planets Workshop CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Astron ID PHOTOMETRY; HD-209458 AB In a transiting planetary system, the presence of a second planet will cause the time interval between transits to vary. These transit timing variations (TTV) are particularly large near mean-motion resonances and can be used to infer the orbital elements of planets with masses that are too small to detect by any other means. I present the results of a study of simulated data where I show the potential that this planet detection technique has to detect and characterize secondary planets in transiting systems. These results have important ramifications for planetary transit searches since each transiting system presents an opportunity for additional discoveries through a TTV analysis. I present such an analysis for 13 transits of the HD 209458 system that were observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. This analysis indicates that a putative companion in a low-order, mean-motion resonance can be no larger than the mass of the Earth and constitutes, to date, the most sensitive probe for extrasolar planets that orbit main-sequence stars. The presence or absence of small planets in low-order, mean-motion resonances has implications for theories of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Since TTV is most sensitive in these regimes, it should prove a valuable tool not only for the detection of additional planets in transiting systems, but also as a way to determine the dominant mechanisms of planet formation and the evolution of planetary systems. C1 [Steffen, J. H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Agol, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Steffen, JH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI /0000-0002-0802-9145 FU Brinson Postdoctoral Fellowship FX Jason Steffen is supported by the Brinson Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-34-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 366 BP 158 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ12 UT WOS:000247385200029 ER PT J AU Gonder, J Markel, T Thornton, M Simpson, A AF Gonder, Jeffrey Markel, Tony Thornton, Matthew Simpson, Andrew TI Using global positioning system travel data to assess real-world energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have received considerable recent attention for their potential to reduce petroleum consumption significantly and quickly in the transportation sector. Analysis to aid the design of such vehicles and predict their real-world performance and fuel displacement must consider the driving patterns the vehicles will typically encounter. This paper goes beyond consideration of standardized certification cycless by leveraging state-of-the-art travel survey techniques that use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to obtain a large set of real-world drive cycles from the surveyed vehicle fleet This study specifically extracts 24-h, second-by-second driving profiles from a set of 227 GPS-instrumented vehicles in the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area. The performance of midsize conventional, hybrid electric, and PHEV models is then simulated over the 227 full-day driving profiles to assess fuel consumption and operating characteristics of these vehicle technologies over a set of real-world usage patterns. In comparison to standard cycles used for certification procedures, the travel survey duty cycles include significantly more aggressive acceleration and deceleration events across the velocity spectrum, which affect vehicle operation and efficiency. Even under these more aggressive operating conditions, PHEVs using a blended charge-depleting energy management strategy consume less than 50% of the petroleum used by similar conventional vehicles. Although true prediction of the widespread real-world use of these vehicles requires expansion of the vehicle sample size and a refined accounting for the possible interaction of several variables with the sampled driving profiles, this study demonstrates a cutting-edge use of available GPS travel survey data to analyze the (highly drive cycle-dependent) performance of advanced technology PHEVs. This demonstration highlights new opportunities for using innovative GPS travel survey techniques and sophisticated vehicle system simulation tools to guide vehicle design improvements and to maximize the benefits offered by energy efficiency technologies. C1 [Gonder, Jeffrey; Markel, Tony; Thornton, Matthew; Simpson, Andrew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gonder, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jeff_gonder@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2017 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.3141/2017-04 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 263RU UT WOS:000253235000004 ER PT J AU Greene, DL Leiby, PN Patterson, PD Plotkin, SE Singh, MK AF Greene, David L. Leiby, Paul N. Patterson, Philip D. Plotkin, Steven E. Singh, Margaret K. TI Oil independence - Achievable national goal or empty slogan? SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Oil independence has been a goal of U.S. energy policy for the past 30 years, yet the term has never been rigorously defined. A rigorous, measurable definition is proposed: to reduce the costs of oil dependence to less than 1% of gross domestic product in the next 20 to 25 years, with 95% probability. A simulation model incorporating the possibility of oil supply disruptions and other sources of uncertainty is used to test whether two alternative energy policy strategies-business as usual (BAU) and an interpretation of the strategy proposed by the National Commission on Energy Policy (NCEP)-can achieve oil independence for the United States. BAU does not produce oil independence. The augmented NCEP strategy comes close to achieving oil independence for the U.S. economy within the next 20 to 25 years, but more effort is needed to achieve full independence. The success of the strategy appears to be robust regardless of how the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries responds to it. Expected annual savings are estimated to exceed $250 billion per year by 2030. C1 [Greene, David L.; Leiby, Paul N.] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Patterson, Philip D.] US DOE, Off Planning Budget & Anal, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Plotkin, Steven E.; Singh, Margaret K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM dlgreene@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2017 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.3141/2017-07 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 263RU UT WOS:000253235000007 ER PT J AU Miller, TL Fu, JS Hromis, B Storey, JM Parks, JE AF Miller, Terry L. Fu, Joshua S. Hromis, Boris Storey, John M. Parks, James E. TI Diesel truck idling emissions - Measurements at PM2.5 hot spot SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducted a 5-month-long air monitoring study at the Watt Road interchange on I-40 in Knoxville, Tennessee, where 20,000 heavy-duty trucks travel the Interstate each day. In addition, three large truck stops are situated at this interchange, where as many as 400 trucks idle engines at night. As a result, high levels Of PM2.5 have been measured near the interchange, often exceeding National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This paper presents the results of the air monitoring study, illustrating average hourly patterns Of PM2.5 resulting from diesel truck emissions on the Interstate and at the truck stops. Most of the PM2.5 concentrations detected occurred during the night, when the largest contribution of emissions was from idling trucks rather than trucks on the Interstate. A nearby background air monitoring site was used to identify the contribution of regional PM2.5 emissions, which were also a significant factor in the concentrations measured at the site. The relative contributions of regional background, local truck idling, and trucks on the Interstate to local PM2.5 concentrations are presented and discussed in the paper. The results indicate the potential significance of diesel truck idling emissions to the occurrence of hot spots of high PM2.5 concentrations near large truck stops, ports, or border crossings. The significance of truck idling emissions is similar to the findings of other studies. C1 [Miller, Terry L.; Fu, Joshua S.; Hromis, Boris] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Storey, John M.; Parks, James E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, TL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 73B Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tmiller3@utk.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2011 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.3141/2011-06 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 256MQ UT WOS:000252733600006 ER PT J AU Huo, H Wang, M Johnson, L He, DQ AF Huo, Hong Wang, Michael Johnson, Larry He, Dongquan TI Projection of Chinese motor vehicle growth, oil demand, and CO2 emissions through 2050 SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID OWNERSHIP AB During this study a methodology was developed to project growth trends of the motor vehicle population and associated oil demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China through 2050. In particular, the numbers of highway vehicles, motorcycles, and rural vehicles were projected under three scenarios of vehicle growth by following different patterns of motor vehicle growth in Europe and Asia. Projections showed that by 2030 China could have more highway vehicles than the United States has today. Three scenarios of vehicle fuel economy were also developed on the basis of current and future policy efforts to reduce vehicle fuel consumption in China and in developed countries. With the vehicle population projections and potential vehicle fuel economy data, it was projected that in 2050 China's on-road vehicles could consume approximately 614 million to 1,016 million metric tons of oil (or 12.4 million to 20.6 million barrels per day) and emit 1.9 billion to 3.2 billion metric tons (or 2.1 billion to 3.5 billion tons) of CO2 each year. Although these projections by no means imply what will happen in the Chinese transportation sector by 2050, they do demonstrate that an uncontained growth in motor vehicles and only incremental efforts to improve fuel economy will certainly result in severe consequences for oil use and CO2 emissions in China. C1 [Huo, Hong; Wang, Michael; Johnson, Larry] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transplant Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [He, Dongquan] Energy Fdn, Beijing 100004, Peoples R China. RP Huo, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transplant Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hhuo@anl.gov NR 43 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2038 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.3141/2038-09 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 272PS UT WOS:000253872400009 ER PT J AU Southworth, F Peterson, B Lambert, B AF Southworth, Frank Peterson, Bruce Lambert, Bruce TI Development of a regional routing model for strategic waterway analysis SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTATION NETWORK; IMPLEMENTATION; FLOWS AB The Navigation Economics Technologies suite of models is being developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to bring new analytic tools to the process of evaluating and planning navigation investments. A hierarchical and potentially iterative approach consisting of three levels, or tiers, has been proposed, one that moves from a broad regional and global geography in Tier 1, down to a detailed, project- and facility-specific level of detail in Tier 3. This paper describes the construction of a commodity flows database to support Tier-2 modeling. Called the regional routing model, it takes spatial disaggregations of broad regional forecasts of commodity flows to a point at which they can be assigned to specific modes and routes over the U.S. transportation network. The paper describes the model structure and how it is being tied closely to a multisource database constructed to support base year model calibration. A goal for the model is to be able to measure the effects on flows and transportation costs of changes to either the capacity of the transportation network or to the volume of goods produced and consumed. Some preliminary results are shown. C1 [Southworth, Frank; Peterson, Bruce] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Lambert, Bruce] USA Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Southworth, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg NTRC,MS-6472,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM sou@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1993 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.3141/1993-15 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 255UK UT WOS:000252682800015 ER PT J AU Qu, J Truhan, JJ Blau, PJ Ott, R AF Qu, Jun Truhan, John J. Blau, Peter J. Ott, Ronald TI The development of a "pin-on-twin" scuffing test to evaluate materials for heavy-duty diesel fuel injectors SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE bench tests; scuffing; fuel injectors; surface roughness; friction; diesel engines; diesel fuels; fuel lubricity; steel ID DRY SLIDING CONDITIONS; LOW-LUBRICITY FUELS; LUBRICATED CONTACTS; WEAR AB In order to meet stricter emissions requirements, advanced heavy-duty diesel fuel injection systems will be required to operate at higher pressures and temperatures and in fuels that have poorer lubricity. Scuffing, as a mode of failure, severely limits injector life, and new materials and processes are required to resist scuffing in these more stringent operating conditions. Consequently, there is a need to test the ability of candidate fuel system materials to resist scuffing in fuel-lubricated environments. This paper describes a pin-on-twin reciprocating wear test in which a cylindrical specimen slides, under load, across two fixed, parallel cylindrical specimens that are perpendicular to the axis of the upper sliding specimen. Cylinders of annealed AISI 52100 were tested dry and lubricated by Jet A fuel and on-highway #2 diesel fuel. The friction force was found to give a reliable real-time determination of the onset of scuffing as verified by the morphology of the wear scar. The scar width and surface roughness profiles either did not reliably detect the onset or were difficult to carry out with this geometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN USA. OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1080/10402000600943883 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 138PO UT WOS:000244374900006 ER PT S AU Howes, GG Cowley, SC Dorland, W Hammett, GW Quataert, E Schekochihin, AA AF Howes, G. G. Cowley, S. C. Dorland, W. Hammett, G. W. Quataert, E. Schekochihin, A. A. BE Shaikh, D Zank, GP TI Dissipation-scale turbulence in the solar wind SO TURBULENCE AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 16-22, 2007 CL Oahu, HI SP IGPP UCR, Los Alamos Natl Lab, UCLA IGPP, Solana Sci DE plasma turbulence; solarwind; kineticdamping; gyrokinetics ID ALFVENIC TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MHD TURBULENCE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE; KINETIC DISSIPATION; ACCRETION FLOWS; RANGE SPECTRUM; LINEAR-THEORY; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present a cascade model for turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas that follows the nonlinear cascade of energy from the large scales of driving in the MHD regime to the small scales of the kinetic Alfven wave regime where the turbulence is dissipated by kinetic processes. Steady-state solutions of the model for the slow solar wind yield three conclusions: (1) beyond the observed break in the magnetic energy spectrum, one expects an exponential cut-off, (2) the widely held interpretation that this dissipation range obeys power-law behavior is an artifact of instrumental sensitivity limitations; and, (3) over the range of parameters relevant to the solar wind, the observed variation of dissipation range spectral indices from -2 to -4 is naturally explained by the varying effectiveness of Landau damping, from an undamped prediction of -7/3 to a strongly damped index around -4. C1 [Howes, G. G.; Quataert, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cowley, S. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dorland, W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Ctr Sci Comp & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammett, G. W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Schekochihin, A. A.] Kings Coll, Cambridge, England. [Schekochihin, A. A.] Imperial Coll, Dept Phys, London, England. RP Howes, GG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schekochihin, Alexander/C-2399-2009; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 FU DOE Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics, Fusion Science Center Cooperative [ER54785]; Aspen Center for Physics FX Thanks to S. Bale for helping to apply this work to the solar wind. This work was supported by the DOE Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics, Fusion Science Center Cooperative Agreement ER54785 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0443-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 932 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGX51 UT WOS:000251152400001 ER PT S AU Geemaert, GL AF Geemaert, G. L. BE Shaikh, D Zank, GP TI Recent developments in surface layer theory for inhomogeneous conditions over the ocean: turbulence, fluxes, and profiles SO TURBULENCE AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 16-22, 2007 CL Oahu, HI SP IGPP UCR, Los Alamos Natl Lab, UCLA IGPP, Solana Sci DE surface layer; coastal; spatial inhomogeneity AB The lowest layer of the atmosphere of order 100 in depth, i.e., the surface layer, is critical in supporting the fluxes of momentum, heat, and mass between the atmosphere and the earth's surface. Within this layer, windspeed, temperature, and humidity, exhibit significant vertical gradients; and the profiles in turn are used to estimate fluxes based on an idealized set of assumptions governing turbulence spectra. In this paper, we summarize recent developments of surface layer turbulence, that accommodate spatial inhomogeneities of windspeed, temperature, and humidity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geemaert, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0443-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 932 BP 382 EP 386 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGX51 UT WOS:000251152400052 ER PT S AU Haefner, C Jovanovic, I Wattelier, B Barty, CPJ AF Haefner, Constantin Jovanovic, Igor Wattelier, Benoit Barty, C. P. J. BE Watanabe, S Midorikawa, K TI Demonstration of pulse switching with > 10(11) prepulse contrast by cascaded optical parametric amplification SO ULTRAFAST OPTICS V SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources XI CY SEP, 2005 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Nara Convent Bureau, Futaba Elec Memorial Fnd ID LASER; GENERATION; ENHANCEMENT C1 [Haefner, Constantin] Univ Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Jovanovic, Igor; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wattelier, Benoit] Campus Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. RP Haefner, C (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM haefner@unr.edu FU US Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; DOEINNSA under UNR [DE-FC52-0INVI4050] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and supported by DOEINNSA under UNR grant DE-FC52-0INVI4050 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0342-4111 BN 978-0-387-49117-2 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2007 VL 132 BP 427 EP + PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGH95 UT WOS:000247070800056 ER PT S AU Jovanovic, I Forget, N Brown, CG Ebbers, CA Le Blanc, C Barty, CPJ AF Jovanovic, Igor Forget, Nicolas Brown, Curtis G. Ebbers, Christopher A. Le Blanc, C. Barty, C. P. J. BE Watanabe, S Midorikawa, K TI Double-passed, high-energy quasiphase-matched optical parametric chirped-purse amplifier SO ULTRAFAST OPTICS V SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources XI CY SEP, 2005 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Nara Convent Bureau, Futaba Elec Memorial Fnd ID PERIODICALLY POLED KTIOPO4; PULSE AMPLIFICATION C1 [Jovanovic, Igor] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-470,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Forget, Nicolas; Le Blanc, C.] Ecole Polytech, Lab pour l Utilisat lasers intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-470,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jovanovic1@11n1.gov RI Forget, Nicolas/F-5488-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48.] FX This work was performed under the auspicesof the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoryunder ContractNo. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0342-4111 BN 978-0-387-49117-2 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2007 VL 132 BP 521 EP + PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGH95 UT WOS:000247070800067 ER PT S AU Pfeifer, T Gallmann, L Abel, MJ Nagel, PM Neumark, DM Leone, SR AF Pfeifer, Thomas Gallmann, Lukas Abel, Mark J. Nagel, Phillip M. Neumark, Daniel M. Leone, Stephen R. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Multi-cycle driven isolated attosecond pulse generation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Conversion of 1% of the fundamental pulse intensity to another wavelength before high-harmonic generation is shown theoretically to quadruple the period of the attosecond pulse train in the cutoff photon-energy region. In simulations, a 24-fs pulse can produce an isolated attosecond pulse. C1 [Pfeifer, Thomas; Gallmann, Lukas; Abel, Mark J.; Nagel, Phillip M.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pfeifer, Thomas; Gallmann, Lukas; Abel, Mark J.; Nagel, Phillip M.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pfeifer, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tpfeifer@lbl.gov RI Gallmann, Lukas/E-5204-2014 OI Gallmann, Lukas/0000-0003-3167-8271 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 54 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700018 ER PT S AU Pfeifer, T Gallmann, L Abel, MJ Neumark, DM Leone, SR AF Pfeifer, Thomas Gallmann, Lukas Abel, Mark J. Neumark, Daniel M. Leone, Stephen R. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Phase-mask control and stabilization of optical filamentation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID LASER-PULSES AB Applying a circular phase mask before focusing improves the pointing stability of optical filamentation and helps to enhance the coherent supercontinuum bandwidth. The experiment is supported by simulations showing stabilized guiding without a waveguide structure. C1 [Pfeifer, Thomas; Gallmann, Lukas; Abel, Mark J.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pfeifer, Thomas; Gallmann, Lukas; Abel, Mark J.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pfeifer, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tpfeifer@lbl.gov RI Gallmann, Lukas/E-5204-2014 OI Gallmann, Lukas/0000-0003-3167-8271 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700021 ER PT S AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Yulin, AV Skryabin, DV Knight, JC AF Efimov, A. Taylor, A. J. Yulin, A. V. Skryabin, D. V. Knight, J. C. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Phase-sensitive resonance in scattering of continuous waves on femtosecond solitons in photonic crystal fibers SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Using cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating we observe the phase-sensitive resonance in the interaction of a soliton with a continuous wave in a birefringent photonic crystal fiber, which leads to generation of new spectral components. C1 [Efimov, A.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yulin, A. V.; Skryabin, D. V.; Knight, J. C.] Univ Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Yulin, Alexey/M-9613-2013; Yulin, Alexey/B-6139-2015 OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-0739-0764; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-2403-6564 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700070 ER PT S AU Gessner, O Lee, AMD Chrysostom, ETH Hayden, CC Stolow, A AF Gessner, O. Lee, A. M. D. Chrysostom, E. t-H. Hayden, C. C. Stolow, Albert BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Femtosecond multidimensional imaging watching chemistry from the molecule's point of view SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID NO DIMER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; TIME AB Using Femtosecond Multidimensional Imaging we disentangle the complex neutral dissociation mechanism of the NO dimer. We characterize all electronic configurations from start to finish and directly observe the evolution of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Lee, A. M. D.; Stolow, Albert] Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Chrysostom, E. t-H.; Hayden, C. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gessner, O (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM albert.stolow@nrc.ca NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 365 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700118 ER PT S AU Van Tassle, AJ Prantil, MA Burchfield, JM Fleming, GR AF Van Tassle, A. J. Prantil, M. A. Burchfield, J. M. Fleming, G. R. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Relaxation paths and dynamics of beta-apo-8'-carotenal: An ultrafast electronic and vibrational study SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID STATES AB Results of infrared and visible transient absorption measurements following either two-photon excitation to the forbidden S, state or one-photon excitation to the S-2 state of the carotenoid beta-apo-8'-carotenal are presented. This technique enables the study and comparison of subsequent structural dynamics with and without interference from higher states. C1 [Van Tassle, A. J.; Prantil, M. A.; Burchfield, J. M.; Fleming, G. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Van Tassle, A. J.; Prantil, M. A.; Burchfield, J. M.; Fleming, G. R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 510 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700165 ER PT S AU Parkinson, DY Lee, H Fleming, GR AF Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Lee, Hohjai Fleming, Graham R. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Determination of electronic mixing in purple photosynthetic bacteria by two-color three pulse photon echo peak shift SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS AB One- and two-color three pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy were used to determine that the electronic coupling between the accessory bacteriochlorophyll (B) and the bacteriopheophytin (H) in the reaction center of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rb. Sphaeroides is similar to 170 cm(-1). C1 [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Lee, Hohjai; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Lee, Hohjai; Fleming, Graham R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM grfleming@lbl.gov FU Department of Energy and National Science Foundation FX Th e Boxerla for his-tagged Rb. Sphaeroides, and Brad Prall , Mino Yang , Toma s Mancal ,and discussion. Funding by the Department of Energy and National Science Foundation. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 537 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700174 ER PT S AU Rini, M Itatani, J Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y Schoenlein, RW Cavalleri, A AF Rini, Matteo Itatani, Jiro Tomioka, Yasuhide Tokura, Yoshinori Schoenlein, Robert W. Cavalleri, Andrea BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Insulator-to-metal transition induced by mid-IR vibrational excitation in a magnetoresistive manganite SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Selective vibrational excitation of insulating Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 at 17 mu m triggers a transition to a metallic state. A four order of magnitude drop of the sample resistivity and ultrafast, nanosecond-lived reflectivity changes are observed. C1 [Rini, Matteo; Itatani, Jiro; Schoenlein, Robert W.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Itatani, Jiro] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO, Non Equilibrium Dynam Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Tomioka, Yasuhide; Tokura, Yoshinori] Correlated Elect Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. [Cavalleri, Andrea] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Rini, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nuini@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 588 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700189 ER PT S AU Dani, K Tignon, J Breit, M Chemla, D Kavousanaki, E Perakis, I AF Dani, Keshav Tignon, Jerome Breit, Michael Chemla, Daniel Kavousanaki, Eleftheria Perakis, Ilias BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Ultrafast coherent dynamics of the quantum Hall system SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Using 3-pulse four-wave mixing spectroscopy, we excite an intra-band coherence of the quantum Hall system. By comparison with an undoped sample (no two-dimensional electron gas) and high intensity measurements, we identify features in the 4-wave mixing signal from this coherence. A many-body theory is used to understand our results. C1 [Dani, Keshav; Chemla, Daniel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dani, Keshav; Breit, Michael; Chemla, Daniel; Kavousanaki, Eleftheria; Perakis, Ilias] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tignon, Jerome] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Pierre Aigrain, Paris, France. Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. RP Dani, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 591 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700190 ER PT S AU Demsar, J Thorsmolle, VK Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Demsar, J. Thorsmolle, V. K. Sarrao, J. L. Taylor, A. J. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Dynamics of photoexcited carriers in heavy-electron systems SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We have studied the photoexcited carrier relaxation processes in Kondo insulator SmB6] and heavy fermion metal YbAgCu4 as a function of temperature and excitation level. The strong temperature and excitation density dependence of the relaxation processes is accounted for by a Rothwarf-Taylor model, suggesting the presence of a weakly temperature dependent hybridization gap in the DOS in both classes of materials. C1 [Demsar, J.] Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Thorsmolle, V. K.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sarrao, J. L.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Demsar, J (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM jure.demsar@ijs.si NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 594 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700191 ER PT S AU Hilton, DJ Prasankumar, RP Fourmaux, S Cavalleri, A Brassard, D El Khakani, MA Keiffer, JC Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Hilton, D. J. Prasankumar, R. P. Fourmaux, S. Cavalleri, A. Brassard, D. El Khakani, M. A. Keiffer, J. C. Taylor, A. J. Averitt, R. D. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Enhanced photosuseeptibility in the insulatorto-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide SO Ultrafast Phenomena XV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID VO2 AB We use optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy to measure the photoinduced phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin films. Our measurements reveal a fluence threshold needed to drive this transition that decreases with increasing temperature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hilton, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2007 VL 88 BP 600 EP 602 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700193 ER PT S AU Chia, EEM Lee, HJ Hur, N Bauer, ED Durakiewicz, T Averitt, RD Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Chia, E. E. M. Lee, H. J. Hur, Namjung Bauer, E. D. Durakiewicz, T. Averitt, R. D. Sarrao, J. L. Taylor, A. J. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Ultrafast dynamics of the itinerant antiferromagnet UNiGa5 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID FERMI-SURFACE PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM; ELECTRON; UPTGA5 AB Time-resolved photoinduced reflectivity data for the itinerant antiferromagnet UNiGa5 showed a divergence of the relaxation time near T-N due to the opening of a spin gap, and at the lowest temperatures indicative of spin-fluctuation scattering. C1 [Chia, E. E. M.; Lee, H. J.; Hur, Namjung; Bauer, E. D.; Durakiewicz, T.; Averitt, R. D.; Sarrao, J. L.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chia, EEM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM elbert@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Chia, Elbert/B-6996-2011 OI Chia, Elbert/0000-0003-2066-0834 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 603 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700194 ER PT S AU Itatani, J Rini, M Cavalleri, A Onda, K Ishikawa, T Koshihara, SY Shao, XF Yamochi, H Saito, G Shoenlein, RW AF Itatani, Jiro Rini, Matteo Cavalleri, Andrea Onda, Ken Ishikawa, Tadahiko Koshihara, Shin-ya Shao, Xiangfeng Yamochi, Hideki Saito, Gunzi Shoenlein, Robert W. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Ultrafast gigantic photo-response in (EDO-TTF)(2)PF6 initiated by 10-fs laser pulses SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We photo-excited a charge-ordered organic salt (EDO-TTF)(2)PF6 with sub- 10-fs optical pulses. The photo-induced metallic phase appeared within 80-fs after pumping, characterized by large changes in reflectivity (Delta R/R similar to 0.8) followed by strong coherent phonon modulation. C1 [Itatani, Jiro; Rini, Matteo; Shoenlein, Robert W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Itatani, Jiro; Onda, Ken; Koshihara, Shin-ya; Shao, Xiangfeng; Yamochi, Hideki] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO, Non equilibrium Dynam Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Cavalleri, Andrea] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Ishikawa, Tadahiko; Koshihara, Shin-ya] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Koshihara, Shin-ya] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Shao, Xiangfeng; Yamochi, Hideki] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Low Temp & Mat Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Saito, Gunzi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Itatani, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JItatani@lbl.gov RI Onda, Ken/H-3389-2014; Koshihara, Shinya/B-5095-2015 OI Onda, Ken/0000-0003-1724-2009; Koshihara, Shinya/0000-0002-7119-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 621 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700200 ER PT S AU Padilla, WJ Taylor, AJ Highstrete, C Lee, M Averitt, RD AF Padilla, W. J. Taylor, A. J. Highstrete, C. Lee, M. Averitt, R. D. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Dynamical electric metamaterial response at terahertz frequencies SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Utilizing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we characterized the electromagnetic response of planar split ring resonators (SRR) fabricated on GaAs. Optical excitation of carriers in the GaAs substrate shunts the capacitance of the SRR thereby turning of the electrical resonance demonstrating the potential of SRR terahertz devices. C1 [Padilla, W. J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Padilla, W. J.; Taylor, A. J.; Averitt, R. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Highstrete, C.; Lee, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Averitt, R. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Padilla, WJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 642 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700206 ER PT S AU Ma, YZ Graham, MW Valkunas, L Bachilo, SM Fleming, GR AF Ma, Y. -Z. Graham, M. W. Valkunas, L. Bachilo, S. M. Fleming, G. R. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Probing exciton dynamics of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes using photon echo spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Three-pulse photon echo peak shifts of single-walled carbon nanotubes were recorded at 975 nm, showing an initial value of 26 fs, a dominant decay time of 59 A and an oscillatory frequency of 282 cm(-1). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley & Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Valkunas, L.] Vilnius Univ, Fac Phys, Inst Phys, Lithuania & Theoret Phys Dept, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Bachilo, S. M.] Rice Univ, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Ma, YZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley & Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov RI Ma, Yingzhong/L-6261-2016 OI Ma, Yingzhong/0000-0002-8154-1006 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 686 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700220 ER PT S AU Dani, K Cotoros, I Wang, JG Tignon, J Chemla, D Kavousanaki, E Perakis, I AF Dani, Keshav Cotoros, Ingrid Wang, Jigang Tignon, Jerome Chemla, Daniel Kavousanaki, Eleftheria Perakis, Ilias BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Dephasing of inter-landau level Raman coherences in GaAs quantum wells SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB In three-pulse four-wave mixing experiments of undoped GaAs quantum wells in large perpendicular magnetic fields, we see a small signal with unexpectedly long-lived beats. Using a microscopic many-body theory, we identify the beats as due to non-radiative Raman coherences, thereby extracting the dephasing time of the Raman coherence. C1 [Dani, Keshav; Cotoros, Ingrid; Wang, Jigang; Chemla, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dani, Keshav; Cotoros, Ingrid; Chemla, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tignon, Jerome] Lab Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Superie, Paris, France. [Kavousanaki, Eleftheria] Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. [Perakis, Ilias] Foundat Res & Technol, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. RP Dani, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 692 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700222 ER PT S AU Gaffney, KJ Hillyard, PB Lindenberg, AM Engemann, S Deb, A Meyer, DA AF Gaffney, K. J. Hillyard, P. B. Lindenberg, A. M. Engemann, S. Deb, A. Meyer, D. A. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Carrier dependent stability of a semiconductor lattice measured with femtosecond X-ray diffraction SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID LASER-PULSES; SI AB The melting dynamics of laser excited InSb have been studied with femtosecond x-ray diffraction. These measurements have allowed us to characterize the atomic motion occurring during the initial stages of a photoinduced phase transition. C1 [Gaffney, K. J.; Hillyard, P. B.; Lindenberg, A. M.; Engemann, S.; Deb, A.; Meyer, D. A.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. RP Gaffney, KJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. EM kgaffney@slac.stanford.edu RI Deb, Aniruddha/H-7529-2016 OI Deb, Aniruddha/0000-0002-0331-9709 FU U.S.Department of energy, office of Basic Science through direct support for the SPPS; Stanford University; W.M. Keck Foundation; SSRL FX Portions of this research were supported by the U.S.Department of energy, office of Basic Science through direct support for the SPPS, as well as individual investigators and SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University. The W.M. Keck Foundation also provided support for this research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 710 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700227 ER PT S AU Cavalleri, A Wall, S Rini, M Simpson, C Dean, N Khalil, M Statz, E Ward, DW Nelson, KA Shoenlein, RW AF Cavalleri, A. Wall, S. Rini, M. Simpson, C. Dean, N. Khalil, M. Statz, E. Ward, D. W. Nelson, K. A. Shoenlein, R. W. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Lattice motions from THz phonon polaritons measured with femtosecond X-ray diffraction SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID RADIATION; PULSES AB We use femtosecond x-ray diffraction to measure the coherent lattice displacements associated with the excitation and propagation of THz phonon polaritons in LiTaO3. C1 [Cavalleri, A.; Wall, S.; Simpson, C.; Dean, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Wall, S.; Khalil, M.; Shoenlein, R. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ward, D. W.; Nelson, K. A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM acavalieri1@physics.ox.ac.uk NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 716 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700229 ER PT S AU Khalil, M Marcus, MA Smeigh, AL McCusker, JK Chong, HHW Schoenlein, RW AF Khalil, Munira Marcus, Matthew A. Smeigh, Amanda L. McCusker, James K. Chong, Henry H. W. Schoenlein, Robert W. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy of photochemical transient species in solution SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB A photoinduced Fell spin crossover reaction in solution is studied with ultrafast x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The iron-nitrogen bond lengthens by 0.21 +/- 0.03 angstrom in the high-spin transient excited state relative to the ground state. C1 [Khalil, Munira] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marcus, Matthew A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smeigh, Amanda L.; McCusker, James K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chong, Henry H. W.; Schoenlein, Robert W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Khalil, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM munira@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; (JKM) at Michigian State university [DE-FG02-01ER15282]; Miller Institute for basic Research in Science FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence berkeley National Laboratory and under Grant No. DE-FG02-01ER15282 (JKM) at Michigian State university. MK acknowledges the fellowships support of the Miller Institute for basic Research in Science. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 722 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700231 ER PT S AU Sokolowski-Tinten, K Stojanovic, N von der Linde, D Zastrau, U Perner, F Forster, E Sobierajski, R Nietubyc, R Jurek, M Krzywinski, J Pelka, JB Juha, L Hajkova, V Cihelka, J Velyhan, A Kuba, J Chalupsky, J Tschentscher, T Toleikis, S Dusterer, S Redlin, H Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Bionta, RM Chapman, H Lee, RW Bergh, M Caleman, K Hajdu, J AF Sokolowski-Tinten, K. Stojanovic, N. von der Linde, D. Zastrau, U. Perner, F. Foerster, E. Sobierajski, R. Nietubyc, R. Jurek, M. Krzywinski, J. Pelka, J. B. Juha, L. Hajkova, V. Cihelka, J. Velyhan, A. Kuba, J. Chalupsky, J. Tschentscher, Th. Toleikis, S. Duesterer, S. Redlin, H. Hau-Riege, S. P. London, R. A. Bionta, R. M. Chapman, H. Lee, R. W. Bergh, M. Caleman, K. Hajdu, J. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI High intensity XUV-FEL interaction with solids: first experimental results SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Results are presented of initial experiments on the interaction of ultrashort high intensity XUV pulses with solids, carried out at the XUV free electron laser facility FLASH at DESY (Hamburg). C1 [Sokolowski-Tinten, K.; Stojanovic, N.; von der Linde, D.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Zastrau, U.; Perner, F.; Foerster, E.] Univ Jena, Inst Quantenelektronik, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Sobierajski, R.; Nietubyc, R.; Jurek, M.; Krzywinski, J.; Pelka, J. B.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Juha, L.; Hajkova, V.; Cihelka, J.; Velyhan, A.] ASCR, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. [Kuba, J.] Czech Tech Univ, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Chalupsky, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague 12116, Czech Republic. [Tschentscher, Th.; Toleikis, S.; Duesterer, S.; Redlin, H.] HASYLAB DESY, D-22603 Hamburg 22603, Germany. [Hau-Riege, S. P.; London, R. A.; Bionta, R. M.; Chapman, H.; Lee, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bergh, M.; Caleman, K.; Hajdu, J.] Uppsala Univ, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Sokolowski-Tinten, K (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM phy610@uni-essen.de RI Sobierajski, Ryszard/E-7619-2012; Hajkova, Vera/G-9391-2014; Chalupsky, Jaromir/H-2079-2014; Pelka, Jerzy/S-8587-2016 OI Pelka, Jerzy/0000-0002-1863-8219 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 737 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700236 ER PT S AU Kaindl, RA Huber, R Schmid, BA Shen, YR Chemla, DS AF Kaindl, R. A. Huber, R. Schmid, B. A. Shen, Y. R. Chemla, D. S. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Stimulated terahertz emission from excitons in Cu2O SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB Using ultrashort terahertz (THz) pulses we observe stimulated emission between internal energy levels of excitons. Emission occurs in Cu2O due to the 3p to 2s transition at 6.6 meV, with a cross section of 10(-14) cm(2). C1 [Kaindl, R. A.; Huber, R.; Schmid, B. A.; Shen, Y. R.; Chemla, D. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaindl, R. A.; Huber, R.; Schmid, B. A.; Shen, Y. R.; Chemla, D. S.] E O Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaindl, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Humboldt Foundation FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.R.H. acknowledges support from the Humboldt Foundation. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 769 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700245 ER PT S AU Toth, C van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Leemans, W AF Toth, Csaba van Tilborg, Jeroen Schroeder, Carl B. Geddes, Cameron G. R. Esarey, Eric Leemans, Wim BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Spatio-temporal properties of single-cycle THz pulses generated by relativistic electron beams in a laser-plasma accelerator SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID RADIATION AB Spatial and temporal properties of single-cycle THz pulses from a laser-plasma accelerator have been measured. Spatio-temporal coupling is observed that can impact pump-probe experiments: aberrations in the THz focusing system cause an apparent double-pulse structure. C1 [Toth, Csaba; van Tilborg, Jeroen; Schroeder, Carl B.; Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Esarey, Eric; Leemans, Wim] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, MS 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, MS 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ctoth@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 775 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700247 ER PT S AU Yellampalle, B Kim, K Averitt, RD Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, Balakishore Kim, KiYong Averitt, Richard D. Rodriguez, George Glownia, James H. Taylor, Antoniette J. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Single-shot, high-resolution, THz field reconstruction using phase-retrieval SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID PULSES; BEAM AB We show that single-shot, high-resolution reconstruction of ultrafast THz fields is possible when using a characterized chirped probe pulse in an electro-optic mixing measurement. Here, we identify the field reconstruction as a phase-retrieval problem and present an alternative iterative reconstruction technique. C1 [Yellampalle, Balakishore; Kim, KiYong; Averitt, Richard D.; Rodriguez, George; Glownia, James H.; Taylor, Antoniette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nanotechnol Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nanotechnol Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kishore@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 796 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700254 ER PT S AU Kyrala, GA Evans, S Archuleta, T Cowan, J Oertel, J Sanchez, P AF Kyrala, George A. Evans, Scott Archuleta, Tom Cowan, Joseph Oertel, John Sanchez, Philip BE Chang, Z Kyrala, GA Kieffer, JC TI Calibration of gated MCP responses in the x-ray region: Spatial gain variation - art. no. 67030M SO ULTRAFAST X-RAY SOURCES AND DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast X-Ray Sources and Detectors CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE large format camera; x-ray imaging; gated imaging AB We will discuss our attempts to measure of the absolute gain and its variation across the face of fast gated multichannel plate [MCP] detectors for 4.75 keV x-rays. We found that some of the gated strips had variations in the gain along and perpendicular to the direction of travel, and significant variation along the time axis that requires these calibrations to obtain the correct time history of gated events. We will also present some of the results on the linearity of such gain with input x-ray signal amplitude. C1 [Kyrala, George A.; Evans, Scott; Archuleta, Tom; Cowan, Joseph; Oertel, John; Sanchez, Philip] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6851-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6703 BP M7030 EP M7030 DI 10.1117/12.740663 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHC29 UT WOS:000252168700015 ER PT J AU Malac, M Beleggia, M Egerton, R Zhu, YM AF Malac, Marek Beleggia, Marco Egerton, Ray Zhu, Yimei TI Bright-field TEM imaging of single molecules: Dream or near future? SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE spherical aberration; radiation damage; bright-field TEM; high-resolution TEM; single molecule imaging; low-dose imaging; field-emission source ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPHERICAL-ABERRATION; BEHAVIOR; CONTRAST; BEAM AB We examine the suitability of spherical aberration (Cs)-corrected (CS) and uncorrected (UC) transmission electron microscopes (TEM) for conventional bright-field imaging of radiation-sensitive materials. We have chosen an individual molecule suspended in vacuum as a hypothetical example of a well-defined radiation-sensitive sample. We find that for this particular sample, CS instruments provide about 30% improvement over an UC instrument in terms of signal/noise ratio per unit electron dose at 300 kV. The lowest imaging doses can be achieved in CS instruments equipped with high-brightness electron source operated at low incident electron energies. Our calculations suggest that it may be possible to image individual, iodine- or bromine-substituted organic molecules in bright-field mode, at doses lower than the accepted values for radiation damage of aromatic molecules. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Malac, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Nanotechnol, 9107 116th St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM marek.malac@nrc-enrc.gc.ca OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.05.001 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 122ZN UT WOS:000243266200005 PM 16820263 ER PT S AU Anderson, MO Mckay, MD Wadsworth, DC AF Anderson, Matthew O. Mckay, Mark D. Wadsworth, Derek C. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Intelligent unmanned vehicle systems suitable for individual or cooperative missions - art. no. 65610E SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous; unmanned vehicle system (UVS); intelligent; cooperative; mission execution AB The Department of Energy's Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been researching autonomous unmanned vehicle systems for over fifteen years. Areas of research have included unmanned ground and aerial vehicles used for hazardous and remote operations as well as teamed together for advanced payloads and mission execution. Areas of application include aerial particulate sampling, cooperative remote radiological sampling, and persistent surveillance including real-time mosaic and geo-referenced imagery in addition to high-resolution still imagery. Both fixed-wing and rotary airframes are used possessing capabilities spanning remote control to fully autonomous operation. Patented INL-developed auto steering technology is taken advantage of to provide autonomous parallel path swathing with either manned or unmanned ground vehicles. Aerial look-ahead imagery is utilized to provide a common operating picture for the ground and air vehicles during cooperative missions. This paper will discuss the various robotic vehicles, including sensor integration, used to achieve these missions and anticipated cost and labor savings. RP Anderson, MO (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625 MS 2220, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP E5610 EP E5610 AR 65610E DI 10.1117/12.718540 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700013 ER PT S AU Eggleton, PP Dearborn, DSP Lattanzio, JC AF Eggleton, Peter P. Dearborn, David S. P. Lattanzio, John C. BE Stancliffe, RJ Dewi, J Houdek, G Martin, RG Tout, CA TI Compulsory deep mixing of He-3 and CNO isotopes on the First Giant Branch SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN STELLAR PHYSICS: A CONFERENCE IN HONOUR OF DOUGLAS GOUGH SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unsolved Problems in Stellar Physics in Honour of Douglas Gough CY JUL 02-06, 2007 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Inst Astron, Churchill Coll DE nuclear reactions; nucleosynthesis; abundances; diffusion; stars : evolution AB We have found a deep-mixing process which occurs during First Giant Branch (FGB) evolution. It begins at the point in evolution when the surface convection zone (SCZ), having previously grown in size, starts to shrinks and it is driven by a local minimum that develops in the mean molecular weight as a result of the burning of He-3. This mixing can solve two important observational problems. One is why the interstellar medium (ISM) has not been considerably enriched in He-3 since the Big Bang. The other is why products of nucleosynthesis such as C-13 are progressively enriched on the upper FGB, when classical stellar modelling says that no further enrichment should take place beyond the First Dredge-Up (FDU) episode, somewhat below the middle of the FGB. C1 [Eggleton, Peter P.; Dearborn, David S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Lattanzio, John C.] Monash Univ, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Sch Math, Clayton 3800, Australia. RP Eggleton, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This study has been carried out under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0462-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 948 BP 27 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGZ36 UT WOS:000251491000004 ER PT S AU Besuner, RW Sholl, MJ Lieber, MD Kaplan, ML AF Besuner, R. W. Sholl, M. J. Lieber, M. D. Kaplan, M. L. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Integrated modeling of point-spread function stability of the SNAP telescope - art. no. 66870X SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes: Innovative Technologies and Concepts III CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE three-mirror telescopes; space astronomy; dark energy; wide-field imaging; weak lensing; anisotropy ID FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; FOCAL-PLANE AB SNAP is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study dark energy and alternate explanations of the acceleration of the universe's expansion by performing a series of complementary systematic-controlled astrophysical measurements. The principal mission activities are the construction of an accurate Type la supernova Hubble diagram (the supernova program) and conducting a wide-area weak gravitational lensing (WL) survey. WL measurements require highly constant point spread function (PSF) second moments (ellipticity), and the aim of this study is to expand on the 2005 Sholl, et al. preliminary work, specifically via use of the Ball Aerospace integrated modeling tool, EOSyM (End-to-end Optical System Model). This modeling environment combines thermal, structural and optical effects, including alignment errors, manufacturing residuals and diffraction, in an integrated model of the telescope. Thermo-mechanically induced motions and deformations of the mirrors are modeled as well as other disturbances, and corresponding ellipticity variations of the PSF are quantified for typical operational scenarios. In this study, the effects of seasonal variations in solar flux, transients introduced when pointing the body-fixed Ka-band antenna toward Earth, 90 degrees roll maneuvers (planned every three months of operations) and structure dimensional changes associated with composites desorption are quantified and introduced into the optical system. Uncertainty in the telescope ellipticity distribution may be reduced by examination of foreground stars within the field of view. Reference is made to ongoing work on the use of foreground stars in quantifying the PSF. C1 [Besuner, R. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Besuner, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6835-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6687 BP X6870 EP X6870 DI 10.1117/12.732492 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHM68 UT WOS:000254292000029 ER PT S AU Frank, P Carlson, EJ Carlson, RMK Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Frank, Patrick Carlson, Elaine J. Carlson, Robert M. K. Hedman, Britt Hodgson, Keith O. BE Kustin, K Pessoa, JC Crans, DC TI Toward the Biological Reduction Mechanism of Vanadyl Ion in the Blood Cells of Vanadium-Sequestering Tunicates SO VANADIUM: THE VERASTILE METAL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Chemistry and Biological Chemistry of Vanadium CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ASCIDIA-CERATODES; WHOLE-BLOOD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HENZE SOLUTION; COMPLEX; ACCUMULATION; VANADOCYTES; COORDINATION; TUNICHROMES AB Nearly one hundred years after Henze reported high concentrations of vanadium and acid in some ascidians, the mechanism for the reduction of ambient V(5+) to cellular V(3+) remains unknown. We will report the results of x-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) measurements that queried the fate of vanadyl ion following uptake by living blood cells from the tunicate Ascidia ceratodes. These new results, in addition to previous results from XAS experiments and insights from the known inorganic chemistry of vanadium, will form the basis of a proposed mechanism for the biological reduction of vanadyl ion. The new field of vanadium redox-enzymology, long suspected but virtually undetected until now, has thus achieved infancy and awaits growth. C1 [Frank, Patrick; Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Frank, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM frank@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7446-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 974 BP 281 EP 295 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BKS16 UT WOS:000269059400021 ER PT S AU Nam, EJ Han, Y Mueller, K Zelenyuk, A Lmre, D AF Nam, Eun Ju Han, Yiping Mueller, Klaus Zelenyuk, Alla Lmre, Dan BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI ClusterSculptor: A visual analytics tool for high-dimensional data SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE visual analytics; high-dimensional data; visual data mining; visualization in earth; space and environmental sciences AB Cluster analysis (CA) is a powerful strategy for the exploration of high-dimensional data in the absence of a-priori hypotheses or data classification models, and the results of CA can then be used to form such models. But even though formal models and classification rules may not exist in these data exploration scenarios, domain scientists and experts generally have a vast amount of non-compiled knowledge and intuition that they can bring to bear in this effort. In CA, there are various popular mechanisms to generate the clusters, however, the results from their non-supervised deployment rarely fully agree with this expert knowledge and intuition. To this end, our paper describes a comprehensive and intuitive framework to aid scientists in the derivation of classification hierarchies in CA, using k-means as the overall clustering engine, but allowing them to tune its parameters interactively based on a non-distorted compact visual presentation of the inherent characteristics of the data in high-dimensional space. These include cluster geometry, composition, spatial relations to neighbors, and others. In essence, we provide all the tools necessary for a high-dimensional activity we call cluster sculpting, and the evolving hierarchy can then be viewed in a space-efficient radial dendrogram. We demonstrate our system in the context of the mining and classification of a large collection of millions of data items of aerosol mass spectra, but our framework readily applies to any high-dimensional CA scenario. C1 [Nam, Eun Ju; Han, Yiping; Mueller, Klaus] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Lmre, Dan] Imre Consult, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Nam, EJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM ejnam@cs.sunysb.edu; yiping@cs.sunysb.edu; mueller@cs.sunysb.edu; alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov; dimre2b@charter.net FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 75 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300010 ER PT S AU Aragon, CR Bailey, SJ Poon, S Runge, KJ Thomas, RC AF Aragon, Cecilia R. Bailey, Stephen J. Poon, Sarah Runge, Karl J. Thomas, Rollin C. BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI Sunfall: A collaborative visual analytics system for astrophysics SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE data and knowledge visualization; scientific visualization; visual analytics; visual exploration; astrophysics ID SUPERNOVAE AB Computational and experimental sciences produce and collect everlarger and complex datasets, often in large-scale, multi-institution projects. The inability to gain insight into complex scientific phenomena using current software tools is a bottleneck facing virtually all endeavors of science. In this paper, we introduce Sunfall, a collaborative visual analytics system developed for the Nearby Supernova Factory, an international astrophysics experiment and the largest data volume supernova search currently in operation. Sunfall utilizes novel interactive visualization and analysis techniques to facilitate deeper scientific insight into complex, noisy, high-dimensional, high-volume, time-critical data. The system combines novel image processing algorithms, statistical analysis, and machine teaming with highly interactive visual interfaces to enable collaborative, user-driven scientific exploration of supemova image and spectral data. Sunfall is currently in operation at the Nearby Supernova Factory; it is the first visual analytics system in production use at a major astrophysics project. C1 [Aragon, Cecilia R.; Bailey, Stephen J.; Thomas, Rollin C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poon, Sarah; Runge, Karl J.] SSL, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Aragon, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aragon@hpcrd.lbl.gov; sjbailey@lbl.gov; sspoon@lbl.gov; kjrunge@lbl.gov; rcthomas@lbl.gov FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Hi gh Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-92ER40704]; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank the scientists of the SNfactory collaboration for their time and detailed feedback. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Hi gh Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-92ER40704, and by a grant from the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 219 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2007.4389026 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300036 ER PT S AU Grinstein, G Plaisant, C Laskowski, S O'Connell, T Scholtz, J Whiting, M AF Grinstein, Georges Plaisant, Catherine Laskowski, Sharon O'Connell, Theresa. Scholtz, Jean Whiting, Mark BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI VAST 2007 contest - Blue iguanodon SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE visual analytics; human information interaction; sense making; evaluation; metrics; contest; H.5.2 [information interfaces & presentations]; user interfaces; graphical user interfaces (GUI) AB Visual analytics experts realize that one effective way to push the field forward and to develop metrics for measuring the performance of various visual analytics components is to hold an annual competition. The second Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) contest was held in conjunction with the 2007 IEEE VAST Symposium. In this contest participants were to use visual analytic tools to explore a large heterogeneous data collection to construct a scenario and find evidence buried in the data of illegal and terrorist activities that were occurring. A synthetic data set was made available as well as tasks. In this paper we describe some of the advances we have made from the first competition held in 2006. C1 [Grinstein, Georges] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Plaisant, Catherine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Laskowski, Sharon; O'Connell, Theresa.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Scholtz, Jean; Whiting, Mark] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Grinstein, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM grinstein@cs.uml.edu; plaisant@cs.umd.edu; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; toconnell@nist.gov; jean.scholtz@pnl.com; mark.a.whiting@pni.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 FU National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05- 76RL01830]; Disruptive Technology Office FX This work was supported in part by the National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05- 76RL01830 . It was also supported in part by the Disruptive Technology Office. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2007.4389032 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300039 ER PT S AU Crossno, P Wylie, B Wilson, A Greenfield, J Stanton, E Shead, T Ice, L Moreland, K Baumes, J Geveci, B AF Crossno, Patricia Wylie, Brian Wilson, Andrew Greenfield, John Stanton, Eric Shead, Timothy Ice, Lisa Moreland, Kenneth Baumes, Jeffrey Geveci, Berk BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI Intelligence analysis using titan SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE visual analytics; information visualization AB The open source Titan Informatics Toolkit Project, which extends the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) to include information visualization capabilities, is being developed by Sandia National Laboratories in collaboration with Kitware. The VAST Contest provided us with an opportunity to explore various ideas for constructing an analysis tool, while allowing us to exercise our architecture in the solution of a complex problem. As amateur analysts, we found the experience both enlightening and fun. C1 [Crossno, Patricia; Wylie, Brian; Wilson, Andrew; Greenfield, John; Stanton, Eric; Shead, Timothy; Ice, Lisa; Moreland, Kenneth] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Baumes, Jeffrey; Geveci, Berk] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY USA. RP Crossno, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pjcross@sandia.gov; bnwylie@sandia.gov; atwilso@sandia.gov; jagreen@sandia.gov; etstant@sandia.gov; tshead@sandia.gov; igice@sandia.gov; kmorel@sandia.gov; jeff.baumes@kitware.com; berk.geveci@kitware.com FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank the contest organizers for putting together an entertaining and complex puzzle to solve. This has created an invaluable opportunity to walk in an analyst's shoes for awhile. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 241 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2007.4389036 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300044 ER PT S AU Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Lutwak, R Rashed, A Varghese, M Tepolt, G Prouty, M AF Serkland, D. K. Geib, K. M. Peake, G. M. Lutwak, R. Rashed, A. Varghese, M. Tepolt, G. Prouty, M. BE Choquette, KD Guenter, JK TI VCSELs for atomic sensors - art. no. 648406 SO Vertical - Cavity Surface - Emitting Lasers XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers Conference CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; atomic clock; magnetometer; gyroscope; spectroscopy; cesium; rubidium; linewidth; relative intensity noise; frequency standard ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; VAPOR; MAGNETOMETER; RESONANCES AB A new generation of small low-power atomic sensors, including clocks, magnetometers, and gyroscopes, is being developed based on recently available MEMS and VCSEL technologies. These sensors rely on spectroscopic interrogation of alkali atoms, typically rubidium or cesium, contained in small vapor cells. The relevant spectroscopic wavelengths (in vacuum) are 894.6 nm (DI) and 852.3 nm (B2) for cesium, and 795.0 nm (D1) and 780.2 nm (D2) for rubidium. The DI wavelengths are either preferred or required, depending on the application, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are preferred optical sources because of their low power consumption and circular output beam. This paper describes the required VCSEL characteristics for atomic clocks and magnetometers. The fundamental VCSEL requirement is single-frequency output with tunability to the particular spectroscopic line of interest. Singlepolarization and single-transverse-mode operation are implicit requirements. VCSEL amplitude noise and frequency noise are also important because they contribute significantly to the sensor signal-to-noise ratio. Additional desired VCSEL attributes are low cost, low power consumption, and several years of continuous operating lifetime. This paper also describes the 894-nm VCSELs that we have developed for cesium-based atomic sensors. In particular, we discuss VCSEL noise measurements and accelerated lifetime testing. Finally, we report the performance of prototype atomic clocks employing VCSELs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serkland, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6597-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6484 BP 48406 EP 48406 AR 648406 DI 10.1117/12.715077 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGF04 UT WOS:000246390300005 ER PT J AU Gardner, IA Wong, SJ Ferraro, GL Balasurriya, UB Hullinger, PJ Wilson, WD Shi, PY MacLachlan, NJ AF Gardner, Ian A. Wong, Susan J. Ferraro, Gregory L. Balasurriya, Udeni B. Hullinger, Pamela J. Wilson, W. David Shi, Pei-Yong MacLachlan, N. James TI Incidence and effects of West Nile virus infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in California SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; horses; vaccination; microsphere immunoassay ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; OUTBREAK; AFRICA AB A prospective cohort study was used to estimate the incidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in a group of unvaccinated horses (n = 37) in California and compare the effects of natural WNV infection in these unvaccinated horses to a group of co-mingled vaccinated horses (n = 155). Horses initially were vaccinated with either inactivated whole virus (n = 87) or canarypox recombinant (n = 68) WNV vaccines during 2003 or 2004, prior to emergence of WNV in the region. Unvaccinated horses were serologically tested for antibodies to WNV by microsphere immunoassay incorporating recombinant WNV E protein (rE MIA) in December 2003, December 2004, and every two months thereafter until November 2005. Clinical neurologic disease attributable to WNV infection (West Nile disease (WND)) developed in 2 (5.4%) of 37 unvaccinated horses and in 0 of 155 vaccinated horses. One affected horse died. Twenty one (67.7%) of 31 unvaccinated horses that were seronegative to WNV in December, 2004 seroconverted to WNV before the end of the study in November, 2005. Findings from the study indicate that currently-available commercial vaccines are effective in preventing WND and their use is financially justified because clinical disease only occurred in unvaccinated horses and the mean cost of each clinical case of WND was approximately 45 times the cost of a 2-dose WNV vaccination program. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Equin Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, California Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys and BioPhys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP MacLachlan, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM njmaclachlan@ucdavis.edu NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1051/vetres:2006045 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 136FY UT WOS:000244209200005 PM 17274156 ER PT S AU Moretto, LG Bugaev, KA Mott, JB Phair, L AF Moretto, L. G. Bugaev, K. A. Mott, J. B. Phair, L. BE Civitarese, O Dorso, C Bermudez, GG Kreiner, AJ Pacheco, AJ Scoccola, NN TI Mesoscopy and thermodynamics SO VI LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Iguazu, ARGENTINA SP Agencia Nacl Promoc Cient Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn Argentina, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Fdn Antorchas DE nuclear multifragmentation; phase transition; small systems ID NEGATIVE HEAT-CAPACITY AB The interplay of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics is discussed with special attention to mesoscopic systems and phase transitions. C1 [Moretto, L. G.; Bugaev, K. A.; Mott, J. B.; Phair, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0388-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 884 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGA65 UT WOS:000245812000003 ER PT S AU Tagliente, G Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez-Velarde, F Alvarez-Pol, H Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Benlliure, J Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Cortina, D Couture, A Cox, J Dababneh, S Dahlfors, M David, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Duran, I Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Frais-Koelbl, H Furman, W Goncalves, J Gallino, R Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Isaev, S Jericha, E Kaeppeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lorusso, G Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez-Val, J Massimi, C Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Molina-Coballes, A Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papaevangelou, I Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perlado, JM Perrot, L Pignatari, M Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Policarpo, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Rapp, W Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Soares, JC Stephan, C Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Voss, F Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Tagliente, G. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Alvarez-Pol, H. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Benlliure, J. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Chiaveri, E. Colonna, N. Cortes, G. Cortina, D. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dababneh, S. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dolfini, R. Domingo-Pardo, C. Duran, I. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrant, L. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Frais-Koelbl, H. Furman, W. Goncalves, J. Gallino, R. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Goverdovski, A. Gramegna, F. Griesmayer, E. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Isaev, S. Jericha, E. Kaeppeler, F. Kadi, Y. Karadimos, D. Kerveno, M. Ketlerov, V. Koehler, P. Konovalov, V. Krticka, M. Lamboudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lorusso, G. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Martinez-Val, J. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mengoni, A. Milazzo, P. M. Molina-Coballes, A. Moreau, C. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papaevangelou, I. Paradela, C. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perlado, J. M. Perrot, L. Pignatari, M. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Policarpo, A. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rapp, W. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Soares, J. C. Stephan, C. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Voss, F. Wendler, H. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. BE Civitarese, O Dorso, C Bermudez, GG Kreiner, AJ Pacheco, AJ Scoccola, NN TI Measurements of neutron capture cross-sections at n_TOF SO VI LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Iguazu, ARGENTINA SP Agencia Nacl Promoc Cient Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn Argentina, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Fdn Antorchas DE neutron capture cross sections ID WASTE TRANSMUTATION; DETECTOR; SYSTEMS AB Capture cross-sections on isotopes relevant to accelerator driven systems for energy production and nuclear waste transmutation, and to stellar nucleosynthesis have been studied at the innovative neutron time of flight facility n_TOF at CERN. The extremely high instantaneous neutron flux and the low background conditions in the experimental area make this facility unique for accurate measurements on low-mass or radioactive samples. The n_TOF facility is described, together with the features of the experimental apparata used. First results of the experimental campaign 2002-2004 are presented. C1 [Tagliente, G.; Colonna, N.; Terlizzi, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Abbondanno, U.; Massimi, C.; Milazzo, P. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Berthoumieux, E.; Gunsing, F.] CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91400 Sacaly, France. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Villamarin, D.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Alvarez-Pol, H.; Benlliure, J.; Cortina, D.; Duran, I.] Univ Santiago, Santiago, Spain. [Alvarez-Pol, H.; Andrzejewski, J.; Benlliure, J.; Duran, I.] Univ Loaz, Loaz, Poland. [Oberhummer, H.] Atominst Tuwien, Tuwien, Austria. [Baumann, P.; Kerveno, M.] IRES, CNRS IN2P3, Orsay, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. [Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Poch, A.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Capote, R.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Cennini, P.; Chiaveri, E.; Dahlfors, M.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Chepel, V.; Lindote, A.] Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra & Dep Fis, Coimbra, Portugal. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; Lozano, M.; O'Brien, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Dababneh, S.; Kaeppeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Voss, F.; Wisshak, K.] FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [David, S.] CNRS IN2P3, IPN, Orsay, France. [Dolfini, R.; Rubbia, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Tain, J. L.] CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Frais-Koelbl, H.; Griesmayer, E.] Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria. [Furman, W.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. [Goncalves, J.] ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Gallino, R.] Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Goverdovski, A.] Power Engn Russia, Inst Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Gramegna, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNL, Bari, Italy. [Haas, B.] CNRS IN2P3, CENBG, Orsay, France. [Haight, R.] LANL, New Mexico, MI USA. [Karadimos, D.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Koehler, P.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lamboudis, C.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Martinez-Val, J.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Pavlik, A.] Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard, Vinci, France. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] CEC JRC, IRMM, Geel, Belgium. Univ Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Ventura, A.] ENEA, Rome, Italy. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Tagliente, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RI Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Cortes, Guillem/B-6869-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Martinez-Val, Jose/D-3871-2013; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; OI Cortina Gil, Dolores/0000-0001-7672-9912; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Marques, Rui/0000-0003-3549-8198; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Martinez-Val, Jose/0000-0002-6325-6981; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Paradela Dobarro, Carlos/0000-0003-0175-8334; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Chepel, Vitaly/0000-0003-0675-4586; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0003-2499-5586; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Pignatari, Marco/0000-0002-9048-6010; Dababneh, Saed/0000-0002-7376-1084 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0388-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 884 BP 265 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGA65 UT WOS:000245812000039 ER PT S AU Garcia, E Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Hauer, M Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Olzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Seals, H Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C Niewenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Wenger, E Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyslouch, B AF Garcia, Edmundo Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Hauer, M. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Olzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Niewenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Wenger, E. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyslouch, B. BE Civitarese, O Dorso, C Bermudez, GG Kreiner, AJ Pacheco, AJ Scoccola, NN TI Recent results from phobos SO VI LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Iguazu, ARGENTINA SP Agencia Nacl Promoc Cient Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn Argentina, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Fdn Antorchas DE heavy ions; RHIC; PHOBOS ID COLLISIONS AB The PHOBOS detector is one of four heavy ion experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. in this paper we will review some of the results of PHOBOS from the data collected in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies up to 200 GeV. Evidence is found of the formation of a very high energy density and highly interactive system, which can not be described in terms of hadrons, and has a relatively low baryon density. There is evidence that the system formed is thermalized to a certain degree. Scaling with the number of participants and extended longitudinal scaling behavior are also observed in distributions of produced charged particles. C1 [Garcia, Edmundo; Betts, R. R.; Garcia, E.; Halliwell, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Nouicer, R.; Sagerer, J.; Smith, C. E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Back, B. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; George, N.; Hauer, M.; Olzman, B.; Nouicer, R.; Pak, R.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Sukhanov, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ballintijn, M.; Busza, W.; Decowski, M. P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Henderson, C.; Kane, J. L.; Kulinich, P.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Vale, C.; van Niewenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wenger, E.; Wyslouch, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Mignerey, A. C.; Tonjes, M. B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Holynski, R.; Olszewski, A.; Trzupek, A.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Hamblen, J.; Johnson, E.; Khan, N.; Manly, S.; Wolfs, F. L. H.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02 - 94ER40865, DE-FG02- 99ER41099, W-31-109-ENG-38]; U.S. NSF [9603486, 0072204, 0245011]; Polish KBN [P03B-062-27]; NSC of Taiwan [NSC 89-21 12-M-008-024] FX This work was partially supported by U.S. DOE grants DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02 - 94ER40865, DE-FG02- 99ER41099, and W-31-109-ENG-38, by U.S. NSF grants 9603486, 0072204, and 0245011, by Polish KBN grant 1-P03B-062-27(2004-2007), and by NSC of Taiwan Contract NSC 89-21 12-M-008-024. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0388-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 884 BP 396 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGA65 UT WOS:000245812000059 ER PT S AU Goity, JL Scoccola, NN AF Goity, J. L. Scoccola, N. N. BE Civitarese, O Dorso, C Bermudez, GG Kreiner, AJ Pacheco, AJ Scoccola, NN TI Strong decays of excited baryons in large N-c QCD SO VI LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Iguazu, ARGENTINA SP Agencia Nacl Promoc Cient Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient Tecn Argentina, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Fdn Antorchas DE excited baryons; strong decays; large N-c QCD AB We present the analysis of the strong decays widths of excited baryons in the framework of the 1/N-c expansion of QCD. These studies are performed up to order 1/N-c and include both positive and negative parity excited baryons. C1 [Goity, J. L.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Goity, J. L.] TJNAF, Newport News, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Scoccola, N. N.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Scoccola, N. N.] CNEA, Lab TANDAR, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Scoccola, N. N.] Univ Favaloro, Buenos Aires 1078, DF, Argentina. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. FU National Science Foundation (USA) [PHY-9733343 (JLG)]; CONICET and ANPCYT [PIP 02368, PICT 03-08580 (NNS)] FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (USA) through grant # PHY-9733343 (JLG) and by the CONICET and ANPCYT (Argentina) through grants PIP 02368 and PICT 03-08580 (NNS). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0388-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 884 BP 518 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGA65 UT WOS:000245812000097 ER PT S AU Ahle, L AF Ahle, Larry BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Global security, medical isotopes, and nuclear science SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE surrogate reactions; neutron induced reactions; radioactive ion beams AB Over the past century basic nuclear science research has led to the use of radioactive isotopes into a wide variety of applications that touch our lives everyday. Some are obvious, such as isotopes for medical diagnostics and treatment. Others are less so, such as National/Global security issues. And some we take for granted, like the small amount of 241Am that is in every smoke detector. At the beginning of this century, we are in a position where the prevalence and importance of some applications of nuclear science are pushing the basic nuclear science community for improved models and nuclear data. Yet, at the same time, the push by the basic nuclear science community to study nuclei that are farther and farther away from stability also offer new opportunities for many applications. This talk will look at several global security applications of nuclear science, summarizing current R&D and need for improved nuclear data It will also look at how applications of nuclear science, such as to medicine, will benefit from the push for more and more powerful radioactive ion beam facilities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400002 ER PT S AU Lichtl, AC Bulav, J Edwards, R Fleming, G Juge, KJ Mathur, N Morningstar, C Richards, D Wallace, SJ AF Lichtl, Adam C. Bulav, John Edwards, Robert Fleming, George Juge, K. Jimmy Mathur, Nilmani Morningstar, Colin Richards, David Wallace, Stephen J. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Hadronic resonances from lattice QCD SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE lattice QCD; hadron spectroscopy AB The determination of the pattern of hadronic resonances as predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics requires the use of non-perturbative techniques. Lattice QCD has emerged as the dominant tool for such calculations, and has produced many QCD predictions which can be directly compared to experiment. The concepts underlying lattice QCD are outlined, methods for calculating excited states are discussed, and results from an exploratory Nucleon and Delta baryon spectrum study are presented. C1 [Lichtl, Adam C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lichtl, AC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400014 ER PT S AU Bulava, J Edwards, R Fleming, G Juget, KJ Lichtl, AC Mathur, N Morningstar, C Richardst, D Wallace, SJ AF Bulava, John Edwards, Robert Fleming, George Juget, K. Jimmy Lichtl, Adam C. Mathur, Nilmani Morningstar, Colin Richardst, David Wallace, Stephen J. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Results and frontiers in lattice baryon spectroscopy SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr AB The Lattice Hadron Physics Collaboration (LHPC) baryon spectroscopy effort is reviewed. To date the LHPC has performed exploratory Lattice QCD calculations of the low-lying spectrum of Nucleon and Delta baryons. These calculations demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by obtaining the masses of an unprecedented number of excited states with definite quantum numbers. Future work of the project is outlined. C1 [Bulava, John; Morningstar, Colin] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Edwards, Robert] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Fleming, George] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Juget, K. Jimmy] Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Lichtl, Adam C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mathur, Nilmani] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 40005, Maharashtra, India. [Wallace, Stephen J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bulava, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 FU NSF [PHY 0653315]; Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-FG02-93-ER-40762] FX This research is supported by NSF grant PHY 0653315 and Dept. of Energy contracts DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-FG02-93-ER-40762. Travel to the VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications was made possible by the NSF Sponsorship Program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 137 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400022 ER PT S AU Cooper, MD AF Cooper, M. D. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI It's only a matter of time (reversal): A new search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE time reversal symmetry; neutron; EDM ID SUPERFLUID HE-4 AB An international collaboration has undertaken a project to search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron with a sensitivity of 10(-28) e center dot cm. The search should span a region of sensitivity where effects are expected from supersymmetric models and from models of time reversal violation that might explain electroweak baryogenesis. The technique utilizes the special properties for producing and storing ultra-cold neutrons in a bottle filled with liquid He-4 and doped with a small amount of He-3. The technique will be discussed and compared to that of competing experiments. The extensive R&D program undertaken by the collaboration will be reviewed. The status of the DOE project will be explained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400034 ER PT S AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Sagaidak, RN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Voinov, AA Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Subotic, K Zagrebaev, VI Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Henderson, RA Patin, JB Shaughnessy, DA Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Wilk, PA Kenneally, JM Landrum, JH Wild, JF Lougheed, RW AF Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Utyonkov, V. K. Lobanov, Yu. V. Abdullin, F. Sh. Polyakov, A. N. Sagaidak, R. N. Shirokovsky, I. V. Tsyganov, Yu. S. Voinov, A. A. Iliev, S. Subbotin, V. G. Sukhov, A. M. Gulbekian, G. G. Bogomolov, S. L. Gikal, B. N. Mezentsev, A. N. Subotic, K. Zagrebaev, V. I. Itkis, M. G. Moody, K. J. Henderson, R. A. Patin, J. B. Shaughnessy, D. A. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Wilk, P. A. Kenneally, J. M. Landrum, J. H. Wild, J. F. Lougheed, R. W. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Synthesisq decay propertiesq and identification of superheavy nuclei produced in Ca-48-induced reactions SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE superheavy nuclei; decay properties; cross section ID ELEMENT-112; FISSION AB Thirty-four new nuclides with Z=104-116, 118 and N=161-177 have been synthesized\in the complete-fusion reactions of U-238, (237) Np, Pu-242,Pu-244, Am-243, Cm-245,Cm-248, and Cf-249 targets with Ca-48 beams. no masses of evaporation residues were identified through measurements of the excitation functions of the xn-evaporation channels and from cross bombardments. The decay properties of the new nuclei agree with those of previously known heavy nuclei and with predictions from different theoretical models. A discussion of self-consistent interpretations of all observed decay chains originating from the parent isotopes (282,283)112, (282)1 13, (286-289)114, (287,288)115, (290-293)116, and (294)118 is presented. Decay energies and lifetimes of the neutron-rich superheavy nuclei as well as their production cross sections indicate a considerable increase in the stability of nuclei with the approach to the theoretically predicted nuclear shells with N=184 and Z=114. C1 [Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Utyonkov, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Polyakov, A. N.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Iliev, S.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Gulbekian, G. G.; Bogomolov, S. L.; Gikal, B. N.; Mezentsev, A. N.; Subotic, K.; Zagrebaev, V. I.; Itkis, M. G.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Moody, K. J.; Henderson, R. A.; Patin, J. B.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Stoyer, N. J.; Wilk, P. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Landrum, J. H.; Wild, J. F.; Lougheed, R. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. FU Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy; RFBR [07-02-00029]; LLNL; U.S. DOE [W-7405-Eng-48]; Russian Federation/U.S. Joint Coordinating Committee for Research on Fundamental Properties of Matter FX This work was performed with the support of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy and grant of RFBR No. 07-02-00029. Much of the support for the LLNL authors was provided through the U.S. DOE under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. These studies were performed in the framework of the Russian Federation/U.S. Joint Coordinating Committee for Research on Fundamental Properties of Matter. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400044 ER PT S AU Rizzi, V Andrighetto, A Antonucci, C Barbui, M Biasetto, L Carturan, S Celona, L Cevolani, S Chines, F Cinausero, M Colombo, P Cuttone, G Di Bernard, P Giacchini, M Gramegna, F Lollo, M Maggioni, G Manzolaro, M Meneghetti, M Messina, GE Petrovich, C Piga, L Prete, G Re, M Rizzo, D Stracener, D Tonezzer, M Zanonato, P AF Rizzi, V. Andrighetto, A. Antonucci, C. Barbui, M. Biasetto, L. Carturan, S. Celona, L. Cevolani, S. Chines, F. Cinausero, M. Colombo, P. Cuttone, G. Di Bernard, P. Giacchini, M. Gramegna, F. Lollo, M. Maggioni, G. Manzolaro, M. Meneghetti, M. Messina, G. E. Petrovich, C. Piga, L. Prete, G. Re, M. Rizzo, D. Stracener, D. Tonezzer, M. Zanonato, P. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI The SiC direct target prototype for SPES SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE ISOL technique; Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs); Monte Carlo simulations AB A R&D study for the realization of a Direct Target is in progress within the SPES project for RIBs production at the Laboratori Nazionali of Legnaro. A proton beam (40 MeV energy, 0.2 mA current) is supposed to impinge directly on a UCx multiple thin disks target the power released by the proton beam is dissipated mainly through irradiation. A SiC target prototype with a 1:5 scale has been developed and tested. Thermal, mechanical and release calculations have been performed to fully characterize the prototype. An online test has been performed at the HRIBF facility of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), showing that our SiC target can sustain a proton beam current considerably higher than the maximum beam current used with the standard HRIBF target configuration. C1 [Rizzi, V.; Andrighetto, A.; Barbui, M.; Carturan, S.; Cinausero, M.; Giacchini, M.; Gramegna, F.; Lollo, M.; Maggioni, G.; Prete, G.; Tonezzer, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Viale Dell Univ 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Antonucci, C.; Cevolani, S.; Petrovich, C.] ENEA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Biasetto, L.; Manzolaro, M.; Meneghetti, M.] Univ Padua, Dept Ingegneria Meccanica, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Celona, L.; Chines, F.; Cuttone, G.; Messina, G. E.; Re, M.; Rizzo, D.] INFN Lab Nazionali Sub, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Stracener, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Di Bernard, P.; Piga, L.; Zanonato, P.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Sci Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Rizzi, V (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Viale Dell Univ 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. RI Cinausero, Marco/K-2752-2014; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; OI maggioni, gianluigi/0000-0002-9367-7226; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Celona, Luigi/0000-0002-6328-5926; Cuttone, Giacomo/0000-0002-9534-4855; carturan, sara/0000-0002-6702-2867 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 428 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400070 ER PT S AU Revay, Z Belgya, T Firestone, RB AF Revay, Zsolt Belgya, Tamas Firestone, Richard B. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Determination of thermal neutron capture cross-sections at Budapest PGAA facility SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE prompt gamma activation analysis; thermal neutron capture cross-section ID HYPERMET-PC; GAMMA AB Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a powerful nuclear analytical technique to determine the elemental and isotopic composition of materials. The PGAA facility at Budapest, Hungary is one of the leading laboratories of the world, determining spectroscopic data for chemical analysis to be used in other laboratories. These partial gamma-ray production cross-sections and k(0) values, being proportional to the analytical sensitivities of the chemical elements, can be transformed into thermal neutron capture cross-sections, i.e. the probabilities of the (n,gamma) reactions, which are of broader interest in different fields of nuclear physics. Some preliminary results on thermal neutron capture cross-sections are presented. C1 [Revay, Zsolt; Belgya, Tamas] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotopes, POB 77, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Firestone, Richard B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Revay, Z (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotopes, POB 77, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 FU OTKA [T49253]; GVOP [3.2.1-2004-04-0268/3.0)] FX Supports of OTKA (T49253) and GVOP (3.2.1-2004-04-0268/3.0) are appreciated. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 445 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400074 ER PT S AU Ahrens, JP Desai, N McCormick, PS Martin, K Woodring, J AF Ahrens, James P. Desai, Nehal McCormick, Patrick S. Martin, Ken Woodring, Jonathan BE Erbacher, RF Roberts, JC Grohn, MT Borner, K TI A modular, extensible visualization system architecture for culled, prioritized data streaming SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2007 CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL San Jose, CA AB Massive dataset sizes can make visualization difficult or impossible. One solution to this problem is to divide a dataset into smaller pieces and then stream these pieces through memory, running algorithms on each piece. This paper presents a modular data-flow visualization system architecture for culling and prioritized data streaming. This streaming architecture improves program performance both by discarding pieces of the input dataset that are not required to complete the visualization, and by prioritizing the ones that are. The system supports a wide variety of culling and prioritization techniques, including those based on data value, spatial constraints, and occlusion tests. Prioritization ensures that pieces are processed and displayed progressively based on an estimate of their contribution to the resulting image. Using prioritized ordering, the architecture presents a progressively rendered result in a significantly shorter time than a standard visualization architecture. The design is modular, such that each module in a user-defined data-flow visualization program can cull pieces as well as contribute to the final processing order of pieces. In addition, the design is extensible, providing an interface for the addition of user-defined culling and prioritization techniques to new or existing visualization modules. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ahrens, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6608-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6495 AR 64950I DI 10.1117/12.706325 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGB02 UT WOS:000245866700016 ER PT S AU Moreland, K Avila, L Fisk, LA AF Moreland, Kenneth Avila, Lisa Fisk, Lee Ann BE Erbacher, RF Roberts, JC Grohn, MT Borner, K TI Parallel unstructured volume rendering in ParaView SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2007 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2007 CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE ParaView; volume rendering; volume visualization; parallel rendering AB ParaView is a popular open-source general-purpose scientific visualization application. One of the many visualization tools available within ParaView is the volume rendering of unstructured meshes. Volume rendering is a technique that renders a mesh as a translucent solid, thereby allowing the user to see every point in three-dimensional space simultaneously. Because volume rendering is computationally intensive, ParaView now employs a unique parallel rendering algorithm to speed the processes. The parallel rendering algorithm is very flexible. It works equally well for both volumes and surfaces, and can properly render the intersection of a volume and opaque polygonal surfaces. The parallel rendering algorithm can also render images for tiled displays. In this paper, we explore the implementation of parallel unstructured volume rendering in ParaView. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moreland, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kmorel@sandia.gov; lisa.avila@kitware.com; lafisk@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6608-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6495 AR 64950F DI 10.1117/12.704533 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGB02 UT WOS:000245866700013 ER PT S AU Lees, JM Symons, N Chubarova, O Gorelchik, V Ozerov, A AF Lees, Jonathan M. Symons, Neill Chubarova, Olga Gorelchik, Valentina Ozerov, Alexei BE Eichelberger, J Gordeev, E Izbekov, P Kasahara, M Lees, J TI Tomographic Images of Klyuchevskoy Volcano P-Wave Velocity SO VOLCANISM AND SUBDUCTION: THE KAMCHATKA REGION SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; LOCAL EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; KILAUEA VOLCANO; ATTENUATION STRUCTURE; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; STRUCTURE BENEATH; 3-DIMENSIONAL P; CALIFORNIA AB Three-dimensional structural images of the P-wave velocity below the edifice of the great Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes in central Kamchatka are derived via tomographic inversion. The structures show a distinct low velocity feature extending from around 20 km depth to 35 km depth, indicating evidence of magma ponding near the Moho discontinuity. The extensive low velocity feature represents, at least to some degree, the source of the large volume of magma currently erupting at the surface near the Klyuchevskoy group. C1 [Lees, Jonathan M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Symons, Neill] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chubarova, Olga; Gorelchik, Valentina; Ozerov, Alexei] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. RP Lees, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-436-8 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2007 VL 172 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1029/172GM21 D2 10.1029/GM172 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BOG49 UT WOS:000276575100021 ER PT J AU Cho, YK Foley, BT Sung, H Kim, YB Kim, JH AF Cho, Y. K. Foley, B. T. Sung, H. Kim, Y. B. Kim, J. H. TI Molecular epidemiologic study of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 outbreak in haemophiliacs B infected through clotting factor 9 after 1990 SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article DE domestic clotting factor 9; haemophiliacs; HIV-1; nef gene; phylogenetic analysis; plasma; pol gene ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; MONOPHYLETIC CLADE; SUBTYPE-B; TRANSMISSION; KOREA; INACTIVATION; SURGEON AB Background and Objectives Twenty haemophiliacs were diagnosed as infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), 1 to 2 years after exposure to clotting factor 9 manufactured in Korea, beginning in early 1990. This study assessed the genetic relationships between viruses found in plasma donors and haemophiliacs. Materials and Methods Sequencing of the nef and pol genes of viruses from infected haemophiliacs, plasma donors whose plasma was used in domestic clotting factor manufacture, haemophiliacs infected outside Korea, and local controls were determined by nested polymerase chain reactions and direct DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the relationships among the sequences. Results Both plasma donors and the haemophiliacs were infected with a subclade of subtype B that is a founder effect lineage in Korea. Conclusion Our data indicate that HIV-1 transmission to 20 haemophiliacs occurred through intravenous injection of Korean-made clotting factor. Summary A clotting factor made in Korea from blood from cash-paid donors infected at least 20 haemophiliacs with HIV-1 subtype B. C1 Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, Seoul 138040, South Korea. Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Med Human & Social Sci, Seoul 138040, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Primate Vaccine Trials, Los Alamos, NM USA. Konkuk Univ, Coll Anim Husb, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Cho, YK (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, 388-1 Pungnap Dong, Seoul 138040, South Korea. EM ykcho2@amc.seoul.kr OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00866.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 134QV UT WOS:000244099800004 PM 17298572 ER PT B AU Xu, T Finsterle, S Senger, R AF Xu, T. Finsterle, S. Senger, R. BE Bullen, TD Wang, Y TI Water-steel canister interaction and H-2 gas pressure buildup in a nuclear waste repository SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2007 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci, Int Assoc GeoChem, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Geol Survey, US Geol Survey, Penn State Univ, Nanjing Univ, Hohai Univ, Chang an Univ, E China Inst Technol, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, China Geol Survey, Hydrogeol & Environm Geol Ctr, China Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, MOE Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Yunnan Bureau Geol, Mineral Resources Explorat & Dev, K C Wong Educ Fdn AB Corrosion of steel canisters, stored in a repository for spent fuel and high-level waste, leads to hydrogen gas generation in the backfilled emplacement tunnels, which may significantly affect long-term repository safety. Previous modeling studies used a constant H-2 generation rate. However, iron corrosion and H2 generation rates vary with time, depending on factors such as water chemistry, water availability, and water contact area. To account for these factors and feedback mechanisms, we developed a chemistry model related to iron corrosion, coupled with two-phase (liquid and gas) flow phenomena that are driven by gas-pressure buildup and water consumption. Results indicate that if H-2 generation rates are dynamically calculated based on a chemistry model, the degree and extent of gas pressure buildup are much smaller compared to a simulation in which the coupling between flow and reactive transport mechansism is neglected. C1 [Xu, T.; Finsterle, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-45136-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 673 EP 676 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BHC81 UT WOS:000252215500142 ER PT S AU White, B AF White, Bebo BE Filipe, J Cordeiro, J Pedrosa, V TI The implications of Web 2.0 on Web information systems SO Web Information Systems and Technologies SE LECTURE NOTES IN BUSINESS INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies CY APR 11-13, 2006 CL Business Sch Setubal, Setubal, PORTUGAL SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun, Setubal Polytech Inst, Object Management Grp HO Business Sch Setubal DE Web 2.0; Web information systems AB "Web 2.0" is rapidly becoming a buzzword in the Web design and development communities. Despite this attention, a definition of the term and its scope are still evolving. To many observers "Web 2.0" appears to be a loose collection of recently developed concepts and technologies including Weblogs, Wikis, podcasts, Web feeds and other forms of collaborative publishing. Added to this mix are social software, Web APIs, Web standards, online Web services, AJAX, and more. There are common unifying goals in Web 2.0 which suggest that rather than being based on new technologies it instead represents a natural evolution of World Wide Web applications and services. As a result, the concepts incorporated in "Web 2.0" should be strongly considered in the development of Web Information Systems. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-1348 BN 978-3-540-74062-9 J9 LECT NOTES BUS INF PY 2007 VL 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BGU71 UT WOS:000250712700001 ER PT J AU Sun, X Stephens, EV Khaleel, MA AF Sun, X. Stephens, E. V. Khaleel, M. A. TI Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high-strength steel spot welds SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SELF-PIERCING RIVETS AB This paper examines the effects of fusion zone size on failure modes, static strength, and energy absorption of resistance spot welds (RSW) of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). DP800 and TRIP800 spot welds were considered. The main failure modes for spot welds are nugget pullout and interfacial fracture. Partial interfacial fracture is also observed. The critical fusion zone sizes to ensure nugget pullout failure mode are developed for both DP800 and TRIP800 using limit load based analytical model and microhardness measurements of the weld cross sections. Static weld strength tests using cross-tension samples were performed on the joint populations with controlled fusion zone sizes. The resulting peak load and energy absorption levels associated with each failure mode were studied for all the weld populations using statistical data analysis tools. The results in this study show that AHSS spot welds with fusion zone size of 4 root t-cannot produce nugget pullout mode for both the DP800 and TRIP800 materials examined. The critical fusion zone size for nugget pullout shall be derived for individual materials based on different base metal properties as well as different heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld properties resulting from different welding parameters. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 18S EP 25S PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 123QE UT WOS:000243309600012 ER PT B AU Herwig, F Freytag, B Fuchs, T Hansen, JP Hueckstaedt, RM Porter, DH Timmes, FX Woodward, PR AF Herwig, Falk Freytag, Bernd Fuchs, Tyler Hansen, James P. Hueckstaedt, Robert M. Porter, David H. Timmes, Francis X. Woodward, Paul R. BE Kerschbaum, F Charbonnel, C Wing, RF TI Convective and non-convective mixing in AGB stars SO WHY GALAXIES CARE ABOUT AGB STARS: THEIR IMPORTANCE AS ACTORS AND PROBES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Why Galaxies Care about AGB Stars CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ Austria, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Univ Austria ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; STELLAR CONVECTION; S-PROCESS; EVOLUTION; SIMULATIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; OVERSHOOT; MODEL AB We review the current state of modeling convective mixing in AGB stars. The focus is on results obtained through multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of AGB convection, both in the envelope and in the unstable He-shell. Using two different codes and a wide range of resolutions and modeling assumptions we find that mixing across convective boundaries is significant for He-shell flash convection. We present a preliminary quantitative analysis of this convectively induced extra mixing, based on a sub-set of our simulations. Other non-standard mixing will be discussed briefly. C1 [Herwig, Falk; Freytag, Bernd; Hueckstaedt, Robert M.; Timmes, Francis X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Herwig, Falk] Keele Univ, Sch Phys & Geograph Sci, Keele Astrophys Grp, Keele, Staffs, England. [Freytag, Bernd] Ctr Recherche Astronom, Lyon, France. [Fuchs, Tyler; Hansen, James P.; Porter, David H.; Woodward, Paul R.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Herwig, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52- 06NA25396] FX This work was carried out in part under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52- 06NA25396. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-318-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 378 BP 43 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHB52 UT WOS:000252082300006 ER PT S AU Wickstrom, GL AF Wickstrom, Gregory L. BE McEwan, AA Schneider, S Ifill, W Welch, P TI Advanced System Simulation, Emulation and Test (ASSET) SO WOTUG-30: COMMUNICATING PROCESS ARCHITECTURES 2007 SE Concurrent Systems Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th WoTUG Technical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Univ Surrey, Guildford, ENGLAND HO Univ Surrey DE System simulation; system test; real-time AB Maturing embeddable real-time concepts into deployable high consequence systems faces numerous challenges. Although overcoming these challenges can be aided by commercially available processes, toolsets, and components, they often fall short of meeting the needs at hand. This paper will review the development of a framework being assembled to address many of the shortcomings while attempting to leverage commercial capabilities as appropriate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wickstrom, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM glwicks@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7575 BN 978-1-58603-767-3 J9 CONCUR SYST ENGN SER PY 2007 VL 65 BP 443 EP 464 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQS25 UT WOS:000281699400026 ER PT S AU Stern, EA Brewe, D AF Stern, Edward A. Brewe, Dale BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Ultrafast XAFS measurements on laser excited Ge films SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE ultrufast; laser-pump/x-ray-probe; XAFS; germanium; franck-condon effect AB Laser-pump/x-ray-probe measurements were made on Ge films with nominal time-delay steps of 18 ps. The response of the Ge lattice to the excitation of a high efficiency 200 fs pulse laser operating at 800 rim wavelength and at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) ring frequency of 272 kHz is probed by x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements which determine the time dependences of the local structure. Initially the lattice response is dominated by a large increase of the RMS nearest neighbor bond disorder that decays within a single delay step. The next nearest neighbor RMS disorder shows an increase delayed by similar to 30 ps, consistent with only optical modes dominating the initial lattice response and other phonons being excited more slowly. The different rate of excitation of optical than the rest of phonons require a different mechanism for exciting the optical phonons. Because the laser excites electrons from binding to anti-binding states, a Franck-Condon like effect is suggested as the cause of this initial response, instead of the standard hot electron-hole coupling to phonons. C1 [Stern, Edward A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brewe, Dale] PNC, XOR, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Stern, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU US DOE Office of Science [DEFG03-97ER45628]; University of Washington; NSERC; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source; U. S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX The authors are very appreciative of the many helpful comments and contributions by Steve Heald to the development of the pump/probe apparatus. PNC-XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are/were supported by the US DOE Office of Science Grant No. DEFG03-97ER45628, the University of Washington, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900005 ER PT S AU Farges, F Etcheverry, MP Haddi, A Trocellie, P Curti, E Brown, GE AF Farges, Franqois Etcheverry, Marie-Pieffe Haddi, Amine Trocellie, Patrick Curti, Enzo Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Durability of silicate glasses: An historical approach SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE silicate glasses; melts; weathering leaching; transition elements; XAFS; XANES. microscopies; water; environment ID CHEMICAL DURABILITY; SURFACES; KINETICS; WINDOWS; LAYERS; SON68; IONS AB We present a short review of current theories of glass weathering, including glass dissolution, and hydrolysis of nuclear waste glasses, and leaching of historical glasses from an XAFS perspective. The results of various laboratory leaching experiments at different timescales (30 days to 12 years) are compared with results for historical glasses that were weathered by atmospheric gases and soil waters over 500 to 3000 years. Good agreement is found between laboratory experiments and slowly leached historical glasses, with a strong enrichment of metals at the water/gel interface. Depending on the nature of the transition elements originally dissolved in the melt, increasing elemental distributions are expected to increase with time for a given glass durability context. C1 [Farges, Franqois] Museum Natl Hist Nat, USM Mineral Petr 201, CNRS UMR 7160, Paris, France. [Farges, Franqois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Etcheverry, Marie-Pieffe; Haddi, Amine] Univ Marne la Vallee, Lab Geomateriaux, Marne La Vallee, France. [Etcheverry, Marie-Pieffe] Lab Rech Monuments Historique, Paris, France. [Trocellie, Patrick] Commissariat Energie Atomique CEA, Serv Rech Met Phys, Saclay, France. [Curti, Enzo] Paul Scherrer Inst PSI, Lab Waste Management, Villigen, Switzerland. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, USM Mineral Petr 201, CNRS UMR 7160, Paris, France. FU NSF(Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute) [CHE-0431425] FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 44 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900008 ER PT S AU Metzler, RA Olabisi, RM Abrecht, M Ariosa, D Johnson, CJ Gilbert, B Frazer, BH Coppersmith, SN Gilbert, PUPA AF Metzler, Rebecca A. Olabisi, Ronke M. Abrecht, Mike Ariosa, Daniel Johnson, Christopher J. Gilbert, Benjamin Frazer, Bradley H. Coppersmith, Susan N. Gilbert, P. U. P. A. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI XANES in nanobiology SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XANES; X-PEEM; protein misfolding; aggregation; cross-ss; nacre; orientation ID AMYLOID-FORMING PEPTIDE; FIBRILS; SPECTROSCOPY; REVEALS; ACIDS AB The combination of spectroscopy and microscopy enables unprecedented insights into the molecular and crystal structures of organic and inorganic materials, and their interfaces. This is relevant to the field of biomaterials in general and biominerals in particular. In this framework, we extensively analyzed various proteins, minerals and biominerals. Here we present two novel observations: x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge is sensitive to protein misfolding and aggregation into amyloid fibrils, and to the orientation of individual aragonite crystals in mother-of-pearl. C1 [Metzler, Rebecca A.; Olabisi, Ronke M.; Coppersmith, Susan N.; Gilbert, P. U. P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abrecht, Mike; Frazer, Bradley H.] Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. [Abrecht, Mike; Frazer, Bradley H.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Johnson, Christopher J.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Dept Anim Hlth & Biomed Scie, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gilbert, Benjamin] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Vet Med, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Metzler, RA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU [NSF-PHY-0523905]; [UW-135-A018-A-48-6700]; [UW-135-F054-A34-4867]; [AFOSOR-FA9550-05-1-0204]; [NSF-DMR-0209630]; [NSF-DMR-0084402] FX Funding for this work was provided by grants: NSF-PHY-0523905, UW-135-A018-A-48-6700, UW-135-F054-A34-4867, and AFOSOR-FA9550-05-1-0204 to PUP AG, NSF-DMR-0209630 to SNC. The experiments were carried out at the UW-Synchrotron Radiaytion Center, supported by NSF-DMR-0084402. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 51 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900009 ER PT S AU Tenderholt, A Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Tenderholt, Adam Hedman, Britt Hodgson, Keith O. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI PySpline: A modern, cross-platform program for the processing of raw averaged XAS edge and EXAFS data SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE PySpline; data reduction; EXAFS AB PySpline is a modern computer program for processing raw averaged XAS and EXAFS data using an intuitive approach which allows the user to see the immediate effect of various processing parameters on the resulting k- and R-space data. The Python scripting language and Qt and Qwt widget libraries were chosen to meet the design requirement that it be cross-platform (i.e. versions for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux). PySpline supports polynomial pre- and post-edge background subtraction, splining of the EXAFS region with a multi-segment polynomial spline, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the resulting k(3)-weighted EXAFS data. C1 [Tenderholt, Adam; Hodgson, Keith O.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tenderholt, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Science; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program FX This work was funded at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, which is supported by the De- partment of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is sup- ported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmen- tal Science and by the National Institutes of Health, Na- tional Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Tech- nology Program NR 0 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 105 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900022 ER PT S AU de Groot, FMF Hocking, RK Piamonteze, C Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF de Groot, F. M. F. Hocking, R. K. Piamonteze, C. Hedman, B. Hodgson, K. O. Solomon, E. I. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI New developments in charge transfer multiplet calculations: Projection operators, mixed-spin states and pi-bonding SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE X-ray absorption; pi-bonding; charge transfer multiplet theory ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PROBE AB This paper presents a number of new additions to the charge transfer multiplet calculations as used in the calculation of L edge X-ray absorption spectra of 3d and 4d transition metal systems, both oxides and coordination compounds. The focus of the paper is on the consequences of the optimized spectral simulations for the ground state, where we make use of a recently developed projection technique. This method is also used to develop the concept of a mixed-spin ground state, i.e. a state that is a mixture of a high-spin and low-spin state due to spin-orbit coupling combined with strong covalency. The charge transfer mechanism to describe pi-bonding uses the mixing of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) channel in addition to the normal CT channel and allows for the accurate simulation of pi-bonding systems, for example cyanides. C1 [de Groot, F. M. F.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Chem, Sorbonnelaan 16, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hocking, R. K.; Hedman, B.; Hodgson, K. O.; Solomon, E. I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Piamonteze, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Groot, FMF (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Chem, Sorbonnelaan 16, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Hocking, Rosalie/F-5763-2013; Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Hocking, Rosalie/0000-0002-2213-8786; NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900028 ER PT S AU Kelly, SD Ravel, B AF Kelly, Shelly D. Ravel, Bruce BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI EXAFS energy shift and structural parameters SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE EXAFS; energy shift ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ARSENIC SPECIATION; ADSORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; HEMATITE; IFEFFIT; IRON; XAS AB In EXAFS analysis, the energy shift parameter is used to align the theoretical calculated spectrum to the energy grid of the measured spectrum. Unrealistically large energy shift values, sometimes in excess of 20 eV, are at times published in research articles. We therefore see the need for a concise discussion of the EXAFS energy shift parameter. This paper is intended as a learning tool for the proper alignment of theory to measured EXAFS spectra and proper interpretation of the energy shift parameter. C1 [Kelly, Shelly D.; Ravel, Bruce] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU ERSD-BER, Office of Science, Department of Energy, [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Our work is supported by the ERSD-BER, Office of Science, Department of Energy, under contract W-31-109-Eng-38 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 132 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900031 ER PT S AU Kelly, SD Ravel, B AF Kelly, Shelly D. Ravel, Bruce BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI EXAFS analysis with self-consistent atomic potentials SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE EXAFS; FEFF; uranyl ID IFEFFIT AB Theoretical EXAFS spectra generated by FEFF6 and FEFF8 are compared. As a test of the effect of charge transfer on EXAFS analysis, we examine the aqueous uranyl (UO22+) ion. We find that the major difference between FEFF8 and FEFF6 is the edge energy position of approximately 5 eV. Modest changes in the forward focusing multiple scattering path of the uranyl resulting with FEFF8 produce a better model of the measured hydrated uranyl spectrum. C1 [Kelly, Shelly D.; Ravel, Bruce] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU ERSD-BER [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Office of Science (OS) [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Department of Energy (DOE [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Our work is supported by the ERSD-BER, Office of Science (OS), Department of Energy (DOE), under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Work at the APS is supported by the DOE-OS, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. MRCAT operations are supported by DOE and MRCAT member institutions. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 135 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900032 ER PT S AU Ravel, B Kelly, SD AF Ravel, B. Kelly, S. D. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI The difficult chore of measuring coordination by EXAFS SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE data analysis; coordination number ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; AMPLITUDE; IFEFFIT AB Neither the theory nor the interpretation of Extended X-Ray-Absorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy requires assumptions of crystalline symmetry or periodicity. As a result, EXAFS is a tool applied to a wide range of scientific disciplines and to a wide variety of experimental systems. A simple enumeration of the atoms in the coordination environment of the absorber is often the primary goal of an EXAFS experiment. There are, however, a number of pitfalls in the way of an accurate determination of coordination number (CN). These include statistical limitations of the EXAFS fitting problem, empirical effects due to sample preparation, and the assumptions made about the physical structure surrounding the absorber in the course of data analysis. In this paper we examine several of these pitfalls and their effects upon the determination of CN. Where possible, we offer suggestions for avoiding or mitigating the pitfalls. We hope this paper will help guide the general EXAFS practitioner through the difficult chore of accurately determining CN. C1 [Ravel, B.; Kelly, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 150 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900037 ER PT S AU Fister, TT Seidler, GT Cross, JO Rehr, JJ Soininen, JA AF Fister, T. T. Seidler, G. T. Cross, J. O. Rehr, J. J. Soininen, J. A. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Measurement of the full XAFS spectrum of MgO using nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE inelastic x-ray scattering; x-ray absorption; electron energy loss spectroscopy; MgO ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements (NRIXS) of the contribution of each initial state orbital in MgO to the dynamic structure factor. We find good agreement with previous x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and with previous electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements for the corresponding edges. We also find good agreement with ab initio calculations when the interaction between the core hole and the photoelectron is treated properly. These measurements demonstrates the flexibility of a new user facility dedicated to measurement of NRIXS from core-shell electrons, the lower energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (LERIX) spectrometer located at sector 20 PNC-XOR of the Advanced Photon Source. The LERIX user facility provides a bulk-sensitive alternative to, and in some cases extension of, soft x-ray XAFS measurements. C1 [Fister, T. T.; Seidler, G. T.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cross, J. O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Soininen, J. A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div X ray Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Fister, TT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. FU DOE, Basic Energy Science, Office of Science [DE-FGE03-97ER45628, W-31-109-ENG-38]; ONR [N00014-05-1-0843]; US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences; a major facilities access grant from NSERC; University of Washington, Simon Fraser University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This research was supported by DOE, Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, Contract Nos. DE-FGE03-97ER45628 and W-31-109-ENG-38, and also by ONR Grant No. N00014-05-1-0843. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 156 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900039 ER PT S AU Groves, M Stern, EA Seidler, G Balasubramanian, M AF Groves, M. Stern, E. A. Seidler, G. Balasubramanian, M. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Solving a historical puzzle SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE EXAFS; history ID FINE STRUCTURE; X-RAY AB We report x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements of four closely related perovskite materials: SrTiO3, CaTiO3, CaZrO3, and SrZrO3. This data is used to address the conceptually important, early EXAFS experiment of Perel and Deslattes [1]. That experiment attempted to distinguish between the then-competing short-range and long-range theories of EXAFS by cross-material comparison of the EXAFS for the metal ions in the four perovskites reported here. Their inconclusive result is surprising, given the modern understanding of EXAFS. Our new measurements show strong disagreements with the prior results at multiple edges. When analyzed in qualitative, conceptual framework of the original study, our new results are in strong agreement with the short-range order theory. This solves a historical puzzle in the early scientific development of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. C1 [Groves, M.; Stern, E. A.; Seidler, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balasubramanian, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Groves, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU US DOE Office of Science Grant [DEFG03-97ER45628]; University of Washington, a major facilities access grant from NSERC; Simon Fraser University; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX PNC-XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US DOE Office of Science Grant No. DEFG03-97ER45628, the University of Washington, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 165 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900042 ER PT S AU Heald, SM Zachara, JM Jeon, BH McKinley, JP Kukkadapu, R Moore, D AF Heald, Steve M. Zachara, John M. Jeon, Byong-Hun McKinley, James P. Kukkadapu, Ravi Moore, Dean BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI XAFS study of the chemical and structural states of technetium in Fe(III) oxide Co-precipitates SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XAFS; technetium; iron oxides AB XAFS has been used to study the chemical state and structural environment of technetium in Fe(III) oxide co-precipitates. (99)Technetium is an abundant fission product which poses a significant environmental hazard due to its long half-life, abundance in nuclear wastes, and environmental mobility as the pertechnetate ion [Tc(VII)O-4(-)] under oxidizing conditions. Tetravalent Tc [Tc(IV)] is the stable valence state under reducing or anoxic conditions where its environmental mobility is significantly lowered by formation of a sparingly soluble, hydrated amorphous oxide precipitate [Tc(IV)O-2 center dot nH(2)O(s)]. We have been studying the kinetics and solid products resulting from abiotic reduction of Tc(VII)O-4(-) by aqueous, adsorbed, and structural Fe(II) to provide insights on Tc migration in microaerophilic groundwaters. The reduction reaction yields Fe/Tc precipitates of variable structures that have not been previously studied. For the homogeneous reaction with aqueous Fe(11) at relatively high Tc:Fe concentrations, the predominant redox product is a solid containing Tc(IV) dimers attached in a bidentate edge-sharing configuration to FeO6 octahedra on the surface or unoccupied interior sites of a ferrihydrite-like precipitate. A similar ferrihydrite-type solid is formed on the surface of Fe oxide minerals such a hematite and goethite following the heterogeneous reaction of Tc(VII)O-4(-) with surface-complexed Fe(H). These co-precipitates greatly slow the oxidation rate of Tc(IV) relative to amorphous Tc(IV)O-2 center dot nH(2)O(S), possibly allowing for the long term sequestration of Tc-99 in stable (bio)geochemical mineral forms that may reduce the long term environmental risk of Tc-99 subsurface contamination. C1 [Heald, Steve M.; Zachara, John M.; Jeon, Byong-Hun; McKinley, James P.; Kukkadapu, Ravi; Moore, Dean] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heald, SM (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Jeon, Byong-Hun/0000-0002-5478-765X FU Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Program (NABIR); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); US DOE office of Science [DEFG03-97ER45628]; Univ. of Washington, a major facilities access grant from NSERC; Simon Fraser Univ. and the Advanced Photon; US DOE, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This research was supported by the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Program (NABIR), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle. PNC-CAT facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities are supported by the US DOE office of Science grant No. DEFG03-97ER45628, the Univ. of Washington, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, Simon Fraser Univ. and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US DOE, Office of Science, under contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 173 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900044 ER PT S AU Den Auwer, C Guilbaud, P Guillaumont, D Moisy, P Digandomenic, V Le Naour, C Trubert, D Sirnoni, E Hennig, C Scheinost, A Conradson, SD AF Den Auwer, C. Guilbaud, P. Guillaumont, D. Moisy, P. Digandomenic, V. Le Naour, C. Trubert, D. Sirnoni, E. Hennig, C. Scheinost, A. Conradson, S. D. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Molecular characterization of actinide oxocations from protactinium to plutonium SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XAS; actinide AB This presentation addresses the structural characterization by EXAFS of actinide cations at oxidation states (V) and (VI) as one walks across the periodic table from Z = 91 (protactinium) to Z = 94 (plutonium). A structural comparison between Pa, U, Np and Pu oxocations in aqueous solution at formal oxidation states (V) and (VI) is carried out. These results are corroborated by quantum chemical and molecular dynamics calculations. C1 [Den Auwer, C.; Guilbaud, P.; Guillaumont, D.; Moisy, P.] CEA, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. [Digandomenic, V.; Le Naour, C.; Trubert, D.; Sirnoni, E.] IPN Orsay, Orsay, France. [Hennig, C.; Scheinost, A.] Forshungszentrum Rossendorf, Inst Radio chem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Conradson, S. D.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Den Auwer, C (reprint author), CEA, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. RI Scheinost, Andreas/D-2275-2010; Guilbaud, Philippe/J-6455-2015; Guillaumont, Dominique/H-2508-2015; Moisy, Philippe/H-2477-2015 OI Guilbaud, Philippe/0000-0001-9777-8326; Guillaumont, Dominique/0000-0002-9329-5623; Moisy, Philippe/0000-0002-9331-0846 FU ACTINET program [JRP-02-19]; European network for actinide sciences; GdR PARIS, France. XAS measurements were carried out at ESRF FX Support was provided by the ACTINET program(JRP-02-19), a European network for actinide sciences and GdR PARIS, France. XAS measurements were carried out at ESRF, a European user facility and at SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank for their help J. Bargar and J. Rogers (11-2). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 184 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900047 ER PT S AU Ravel, B Kelly, SD Gorman-Lewis, D Boyanov, MI Fein, JB Kemner, KM AF Ravel, B. Kelly, S. D. Gorman-Lewis, D. Boyanov, M. I. Fein, J. B. Kemner, K. M. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI A pH-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of U adsorption to bacterial cell walls SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE uranium adsorption; EXAFS ID IFEFFIT AB Metal mobility in subsurface water systems involves the complex interaction of the metal, the fluid, and the mineral surfaces over which the fluid flows. This mobility is further influenced by metal adsorption onto bacteria and other biomass in the subsurface. To better understand the mechanism of this adsorption as well as its dependence on the chemical composition of the fluid, we have performed a series of metal adsorption experiments of aqueous uranyl (UO2)(2+) to the grain-positive bacterium B. subtilis in the presence and absence of carbonate along with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the binding structures at the cell surface. In this paper we demonstrate an approach to the XAS data analysis which allows us to measure the partitioning of the adsorption of uranium to hydroxyl, carboxyl/carbonato, and phosphoryl active sites at the cell surface. C1 [Ravel, B.; Kelly, S. D.; Boyanov, M. I.; Kemner, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gorman-Lewis, D.; Fein, J. B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU Environmental Remediation Science Program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; DOE; MRCAT; National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science Foundation [EAR02-21966] FX Much of this work was supported by the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological andEnvironmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MRCAT) operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT member institutions. Additional support by the National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science Foundation grant (EAR02-21966). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 202 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900053 ER PT S AU Cances, B Benedetti, M Farges, F Brown, GE AF Cances, Benjamin Benedetti, Marc Farges, Francois Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Adsorption mechanisms of trivalent gold onto iron Oxy-Hydroxides: From the molecular scale to the model SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE gold; adsorption; titration; iron oxides; EXAFS; XANES; RMC; CD-MUSIC ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION AB Gold is a highly valuable metal that can concentrate in iron-rich exogenetic horizons such as laterites. An improved knowledge of the retention mechanisms of gold onto highly reactive soil components such as iron oxyhydroxides is therefore needed to better understand and predict the geochemical behavior of this element. In this study, we use EXAFS information and titration experiments to provide a realistic thermochemical description of the sorption of trivalent gold onto iron oxy-hydroxides. Analysis of An L-III-edge XAFS spectra shows that aqueous Au(III) adsorbs from chloride solutions onto goethite surfaces as inner-sphere square-planar complexes (Au(III)(OH,Cl)(4)), with dominantly OH ligands at pH > 6 and mixed OH/Cl ligands at lower pH values. In combination with these spectroscopic results, Reverse Monte Carlo simulations were used to constraint the possible sorption sites on the surface of goethite. Based on this structural information, we calculated sorption isotherms of Au(III) on Fe oxy-hydroxides surfaces, using the CD-MUSIC (Charge Distribution - MUlti SIte Complexation) model. The various Au(III)-sorbed species were identified as a function of pH, and the results of these EXAFS+CD-MUSIC models are compared with titration experiments. The overall good agreement between the predicted and measured structural models shows the potential of this combined approach to better model sorption processes of transition elements onto highly reactive solid surfaces such as goethite and ferrihydrite. C1 [Cances, Benjamin] Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Benedetti, Marc] Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7 IPG, CNRS, UMR 7047, Lab Geochim Eaux, F-75005 Paris, France. [Farges, Francois] Museum Natl Histoire Nat, CNRS, UMR 7160, USM 201,Mineral Petrol, F-75005 Paris, France. [Farges, Francois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cances, B (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. RI Benedetti, Marc/A-5463-2011 OI Benedetti, Marc/0000-0003-1075-8205 FU NSF Grant [CHE-0431425] FX The staffs of SSRL and LURE are thanked for their help in data collection. This study was supported by NSF Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute) NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900058 ER PT S AU Chalmin, E Farges, F Vignaud, C Susini, J Menu, M Brown, GE AF Chalmin, E. Farges, F. Vignaud, C. Susini, J. Menu, M. Brown, G. E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Discovery of unusual minerals in paleolithic black pigments from lascaux (France) and Ekain (Spain) SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE manganese oxides; Paleolithic rock art; pigment; micro-XANES ID OXIDATION; STATE AB Analyses of archaeological materials aim to rediscover the know-how of Prehistoric people by determining the nature of the painting matter, its preparation mode, and the geographic origin of its raw materials. This study deals with identification of manganese oxides in black pigments by micro-XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) based on previous TEM (tramission electron microscopy) studies. Complex mixtures of the manganese oxides studied are present in some of mankind's oldest known paintings, namely those from the caves of Lascaux (Dordogne, France) and Ekain (Basque country, Spain). Scarce manganese oxide minerals, including groutite, hausmannite, and manganite, were found for the first time in Paleolithic art at these archaeological sites. Because there are no known deposits of such minerals in these areas, more distant origins and trade routes are inferred. The closest known Mn-rich geological province for Lascaux is the central Pyrenees, which is approximate to 250 km from the Dordogne area. C1 [Chalmin, E.; Farges, F.] Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, Marne La Vallee, France. [Vignaud, C.; Menu, M.] CNRS, Ctr Rech Restaurat Musees France, UMR, Paris, France. [Chalmin, E.; Susini, J.] European Synchrotron Radiat Fac, Grenoble, France. [Farges, F.] Museum natl Histoire Nat, CNRS, UMR, F-7160 Paris, France. [Farges, F.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Vignaud, C.] Univ Paris, CNRS, Lab Interfaces Syst Electro, Paris, France. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chalmin, E (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, Marne La Vallee, France. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 220 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900059 ER PT S AU Farges, F Benzerara, K Brown, GE AF Farges, Francois Benzerara, Karim Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Chrysocolla redefined as spertiniite SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE copper; chrysocolla; spertirniite; XAFS; XANES; STXM; EXAFS; wavelet; nanomineralogy ID XAFS AB XAFS and mu-XAFS spectra were collected at the Cu K-edge for seven chrysocolla samples (Peru, USA, and Congo). The results suggest that that the local structure around Cu is similar to that in Cu(OH)(2) (spertiniite). Cu-L-3 STXM imaging and spectroscopy confirm that the Chrysocolla samples examined here consist of mesoscopic Cu(II)-rich domains surrounded by Si-rich domains (in agreement with results from infra-red spectroscopy). Hence, we suggest that chrysocolla, which is generally considered to be orthorhombic with composition (Cu,Al)(2)H2Si2O5(OH)(4)center dot nH(2)0, is in actually a mesoscopic assemblage composed dominantly of spertinfite (Cu(OH)(2)), water and amorphous silica (SiO2). C1 [Farges, Francois] Museum Natl Hist Nat, USM Mineral Petr 201, CNRS UMR 7160, F-75231 Paris, France. [Farges, Francois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Benzerara, Karim] CNRS, UMR & IPG, Lab Mineral Cristal, Paris, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, USM Mineral Petr 201, CNRS UMR 7160, F-75231 Paris, France. RI Benzerara, Karim/J-1532-2016; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016 OI Benzerara, Karim/0000-0002-0553-0137; FU NSF [CHE-0431425] FX This study was supported by NSF Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute). NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 223 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900060 ER PT S AU van Hullenbusch, E Farges, F Lenz, M Lens, P Brown, GE AF van Hullenbusch, Eric Farges, Francois Lenz, Markus Lens, Piet Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Selenium speciation in biofilms from granular sludge bed reactors used for wastewater treatment SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE Se; biofilms; sludge; bioreduction; XANES; EXAFS ID SELENATE; BACTERIA AB Se K-edge XAFS spectra were collected for various model compounds of Se as well as for 3 biofilm samples from bioreactors used for Se-contaminated wastewater treatment. In die biofilm samples, Se is dominantly as Se(0) despite Se K-edge XANES spectroscopy cannot easily distinguish between elemental Se and Se(-I)-bearing selenides. EXAFS spectra indicate that Se is located within aperiodic domains, markedly different to these known in monoclinc red selenium. However, Se can well occur within nanodivided domains related to monoclinic red Se, as this form was optically observed at the rim of some sludges. Aqueous selenate is then efficiently bioreduced, under sulfate reducing and methanogenic conditions. C1 [van Hullenbusch, Eric] Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, Marne La Vallee, France. [Farges, Francois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Enviornm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lenz, Markus; Lens, Piet] Wageningen Univ, Sub Dept Environm Technol, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. [Farges, Francois] CNRS, USM 201 Mineral, UMR, F-7160 Paris, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP van Hullenbusch, E (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, Marne La Vallee, France. OI Lenz, Markus/0000-0001-6832-3218 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900062 ER PT S AU Ha, JY Farges, F Brown, GE AF Ha, Juyoung Farges, Francois Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Adsorption and precipitation of aqueous Zn(II) on hematite nano- and microparticles SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE zinc; hematite; nanoparticles; sorption; XAFS ID INTERFACE; SORPTION AB As part of a study of the effect of particle size on reactivity of hematite to aqueous metal ions, the sorption of Zn(II) on hematite nanoparticles and microparticles was examined over a wide range of Zn(II) concentrations using Zn K-edge EXAFS. When reacted with nanoparticles at pH 5.5 and low Zn(II) sorption densities (0.04 <= Gamma < 2.76 mu mol/m(2)), Zn(II) formed five-coordinated or a mixture of four- and six-coordinated surface complexes with an average Zn-O distance of 2.04(+/-0.02)angstrom. At pH 5.5 and high Zn(II) sorption densities (2.76 <= Gamma <= 3.70 mu mol/m(2)), formation of surface precipitates is suggested based on the presence of second-shell Zn and multiple scattering features in the Fourier transform (FT) of the EXAFS spectra. EXAFS fitting of these high F samples yielded an average first-shell Zn-O distance of 2.10(+/-0.02)angstrom, with second-shell Zn-Fe and Zn-Zn distances of 3.23(+/-0.03)angstrom and 3.31(+/-0.03)angstrom, respectively. Qualitative comparison between the EXAFS spectra of these sorption samples and that of amorphous zinc hydroxide and Zn-bearing hydrotalcite indicates the development of surface precipitates with increasing Gamma. EXAFS spectra of Zn(II) sorbed on hematite microparticles under similar experimental conditions showed no evidence for surface precipitates even at the highest Zn surface coverage (Gamma = 4 mu mol/m(2)). These results indicate that reactivities of hematite nanoparticles and macroparticles differ with respect to Zn(II)aq, depending on Zn(II) sorption density. We suggest that the degree of hematite crystallinity affects the reactivity of hematite surfaces toward Zn(II)aq and the formation of the Zn(II) surface complexes. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Farges, Francois] CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat Paris, USM MNHN, UMR 201, F-75005 Paris, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ha, JY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NSF-NIRT [BES-0404400]; NSF-EMSI [CHE-0431425] FX This work was supported by NSF-NIRT Grant (BES-0404400) and NSF-EMSI Grant (CHE-0431425). We thank Guangchao Li of Stanford University for analytical support. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900065 ER PT S AU Juillot, F Morin, G Hazemann, JL Proux, O Belin, S Briois, V Brown, GE Calas, G AF Juillot, Farid Morin, Guillaume Hazemann, Jean-Louis Proux, Olivier Belin, Stephanie Briois, Valerie Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Calas, Georges BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI EXAFS signatures of structural Zn at trace levels in layered minerals SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE zinc; layered minerals; FEFF; EXAFS ID ZINC SPECIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; SOIL; EXTRACTIONS AB Many in situ XAFS studies have shown that zinc incorporated in layered minerals is a major form of zinc in Zn-contaminated soils. Quantitative information on the local structural environment(s) and ordering of Zn in these minerals is required to better understand its behavior in soils. In this study, EXAFS spectroscopy was used to assess the structural environment of zinc incorporated at trace levels (40 ppm to 4,000 ppm) within the octahedral sheets of various natural and synthetic layered minerals. Results indicate that EXAFS data analyzed using ab initio FEFF calculations (FEFF 8.10) can unambiguously distinguish between zinc incorporation within the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral versus trioctahedral layered minerals and can determine the distribution (random or ordered) of zinc cations within the octahedral sheets of these minerals. C1 [Juillot, Farid; Morin, Guillaume; Calas, Georges] Univ Paris 06, IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Paris, France. [Hazemann, Jean-Louis; Proux, Olivier] ESRF, Grenoble, France. [Belin, Stephanie; Briois, Valerie] Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Juillot, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Paris, France. RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734 FU CNRS-NSF; Stanford University [CNRS-INT-5914, NSF-INT-9726528]; European Commission Framework IV Program [ENV4-CT97-0554]; NSF-EMSI [CHE-0431425] FX This work was supported by the cooperative CNRS-NSF program involving U. Paris VI-VII and Stanford University (grants CNRS-INT-5914 and NSF-INT-9726528), by the European Commission Framework IV Program Grant ENV4-CT97-0554, and by NSF-EMSI Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford EMSI). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 247 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900068 ER PT S AU Kemner, K O'Loughlin, E Kelly, S Ravel, B Boyanov, M Sholto-Douglas, D Lai, B Cook, R Carpenter, E Harris, V Nealson, K AF Kemner, Ken O'Loughlin, Ed Kelly, Shelly Ravel, Bruce Boyanov, Maxim Sholto-Douglas, Deirdre Lai, Barry Cook, Russ Carpenter, Everett Harris, Vince Nealson, Ken BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI XAFS and X-ray and electron microscopy investigations of radionuclide transformations at the mineral-microbe interface SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XAFS; uranium; X-ray microscopy; biogeochemistry AB The microenvironment at and adjacent to surfaces of actively metabolizing cells, whether in a planktonic state or adhered to mineral surfaces, can be significantly different from the bulk environment. Microbial polymers (polysaccharides, DNA, RNA, and proteins), whether attached to or released from the cell, can contribute to the development of steep chemical gradients over very short distances. It is currently difficult to predict the behavior of contaminant radionuclides and metals in such microenvironments, because the chemistry there has been difficult or impossible to define. The behavior of contaminants in such microenvironments can ultimately affect their macroscopic fates. We have successfully performed a series of U L-III edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, hard x-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe (150 nm resolution), and electron microscopy (EM) measurements on lepidocrocite thin films (similar to 1 micron thickness) deposited on kapton films that have been inoculated with the dissimilatory metal reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and exposed to 0.05 mM uranyl acetate under anoxic conditions. Similarly, we have performed a series of U L-III edge EXAFS measurements on lepidocrocite powders exposed to 0.05 mM uranyl acetate and exopolymeric components harvested from S. oneidensis MR-1 grown under aerobic conditions. These results demonstrate the utility of combining bulk XAFS with x-ray and electron microscopies. C1 [Kemner, Ken; O'Loughlin, Ed; Kelly, Shelly; Ravel, Bruce; Boyanov, Maxim; Sholto-Douglas, Deirdre] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cook, Russ] Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Microscopy Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carpenter, Everett] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Harris, Vince] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nealson, Ken] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Kemner, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 FU Environmental Remediation Science Program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); W-31-109-Eng-38; DOE Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Science; DOE; MRCAT member institution FX This work was supported by the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Work at the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The Materials Research collaborative Access Team (MRCAT) operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT member institutions. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 250 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900069 ER PT S AU Singer, DM Farges, F Brown, GE AF Singer, David M. Farges, Francois Brown, Gordon E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI BiogenicUO(2) - Characterization and surface reactivity SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE biogenic UO2; nanoparticles; metal-reducing bacteria; XAFS ID REDUCING CONDITIONS; URANIUM; REDUCTION; UO2; DISSOLUTION; SOLUBILITY; URANINITE; KINETICS; PH AB Nano-scale biogenic UO2 is easier to oxidize and more reactive to aqueous metal ions than bulk UO2. In an attempt to understand these differences in properties, we have used a suite of bulk and surface characterization techniques to examine differences in the reactivity of biogenic UO2 versus bulk UO2 with respect to aqueous Zn(H). Precipitation of biogenic UO2 was mediated by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and the precipitates were washed using two protocols: (1) 5% NaOH, followed by 4 mM KHCO3/KCl (NA-wash; "NAUO2", to remove surface organic matter), and (2) 4 mM KHCO3-KCl (BI-wash; "BIUO2", to remove soluble uranyl species). BET surface areas of biogeniC-UO2 prepared using the two protocols are 128.63 m(2) g(-1) and 92.56 m(2) g(-1), respectively; particle sizes range from 2-10 nm as determined by FEG-SEM. Surface composition was probed using XPS, which showed a strong carbon Is signal for the BI-washed samples; surface uranium is > 90% U(IV) for both washing protocols. U L-III-edge XANES spectra also indicate that U(IV) is the dominant oxidation state in the biogenic UO2 samples. Fits of the EXAFS spectra of these samples yielded half the number of uranium second-shell neighbors relative to bulk UO2, and no detectable oxygen neighbors beyond the first shell. At pH 7, the sorption of Zn(H) onto both biogenic and bulk UO2 is independent of electrolyte concentration, suggesting that Zn(II) sorption complexes are dominantly inner-sphere. Fits of Zn K-edge EXAFS spectra for biogenic UO2 indicate that Zn(H) sorption is dependent on the washing protocol. Zn-U pair correlations are observed for the NA-washed samples, but not for the BI-washed ones, suggesting that Zn(II) sorbs directly to the UO2 surface in the first case, and possibly to organic matter in the latter. Further work is required to elucidate the binding mechanism of Zn(II) to bulk UO2. C1 [Singer, David M.; Farges, Francois; Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Farges, Francois] Museum Natl Histoire Naturelle, Lab Mineral, CNRS, UMR 7160, F-7160 Paris, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Singer, DM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, 450 Serra Mall,Bldg 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU National Science Foundation through (the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute) [CHE-0431425]; U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health FX This research has been funded by the National Science Foundation through grant CHE-0431425 (the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute). We thank John Bargar (SSRL) and Joe Rogers (SSRL) for their beamline support during data collection, and the staff of SSRL for their continual support. We also thank Matthew Ginder-Vogel (Stanford) for assistance with preparation of biogenic UO2, Bob Jones (Stanford) for assistance with FEG-SEM, and Mike Kelly (Stanford) for assistance with XPS. SSRL is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 277 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900078 ER PT S AU Yano, J Pushkar, Y Messinger, J Bergmann, U Glatzel, P Yachandra, VK AF Yano, Junko Pushkar, Yulia Messinger, Johannes Bergmann, Uwe Glatzel, Pieter Yachandra, Vittal K. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Electronic structure of the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II studied by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE photosystem II; oxygen-evolving complex; Mn4Ca cluster; electronic structure; RIXS ID MN AB Oxygen-evolving complex (Mn4Ca cluster) of Photosystem II cycles through five intermediate states (S-i-states, i =0-4) before a molecule of dioxygen is released. During the S-state transitions, electrons are extracted from the OEC, either from Mn or alternatively from a Mn ligand. The oxidation state of Mn is widely accepted as Mn-4(III2,IV2) and Mn-4(III,IV3) for S-1 and S-2 states, while it is still controversial for the S-0 and S-3 states. We used resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to study the electronic structure of Mn4Ca complex in the OEC. The RIXS data yield two-dimensional plots that provide a significant advantage by obtaining both K-edge pre-edge and L-edge-like spectra simultaneously. The second energy dimension separates the pre-edge (1s to 3d) transitions from the main K-edge (1s to 4p), and thus more precise analysis is possible. The 1s2p RIXS final state electron configuration along the energy transfer axis is identical to conventional L-edge absorption spectroscopy and the RIXS spectra are therefore sensitive to the metal spin state. We have collected data from PS II samples in the each of the S-states and compared them with data from various inorganic Mn complexes. The spectral changes in the Mn 1s2p(3/2) RIXS spectra between the S-states are small compared to those of the oxides of Mn and coordination complexes. The results indicate strong covalency for the electronic configuration in the OEC, and we conclude that the electron is transferred from a strongly delocalized orbital, compared to those in Mn oxides or coordination complexes. The magnitude for the S-0 to S-1, and S-1 to S-2 transitions is twice as large as that during the S-2 to S-3 transition, indicating that the electron for this transition is extracted from a highly delocalized orbital with little change in charge density at the Nb atoms. The RIXS spectra of S-0 and S-3 States also showed characteristic features which were not clear from the K-edge spectroscopy. C1 [Yano, Junko; Pushkar, Yulia; Yachandra, Vittal K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Messinger, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. [Bergmann, Uwe] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Glatzel, Pieter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Yano, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU NIH [GM-55302]; Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the Department of Energy (DOE) [DEAC02-05CH11231]; LBNL [GM-65440]; NSF [CHE-0213592]; OBER; DOE; SPC; DFG [Me 1629/2-3]; BES; NIH; NCRR; Biomedical Technology Program; BioCAT; APS; BES [W-31-109-ENG-38]; NIH-supported Research Center [RR-08630] FX This work was supported by the NIH Grant GM-55302, and by the Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DEAC02-05CH11231. We thank Prof. Stephen Cramer at LBNL for providing access to the crystal analyzer (NIH grant GM-65440, NSF grant CHE-0213592, and OBER, DOE to SPC). JM was supported by the DFG (Me 1629/2-3). Synchrotron facilities were provided by SSRL, Stanford supported by DOE, BES. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE, OBER, and by the NIH, NCRR, Biomedical Technology Program, and at the BioCAT, APS, Argonne supported by DOE, BES under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. BioCAT is a NIH-supported Research Center RR-08630. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 316 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900088 ER PT S AU Mishra, B Fein, JB Boyanov, MI Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Bunker, BA AF Mishra, Bhoopesh Fein, Jeremy B. Boyanov, Maxim I. Kelly, Shelly D. Kemner, Kenneth M. Bunker, Bruce A. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Comparison of Cd binding mechanisms by gram-positive, gram-negative and consortia of bacteria using XAFS SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XAFS; Cd; bacteria; gram positive; gram negative; consortium; adsorption x-ray absorption spectroscopy : EXAFS; NEXAFS; XANES ID METAL ADSORPTION AB A quantitative comparison of the Cd binding mechanism to Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Shewanella oneidensis) is presented. At pH 6.0, EXAFS data for the Gram-positive bacteria were modeled using carboxyl and phosphoryl sites only. However, additional sulfide sites were required to model the spectrum from the Gram-negative bacteria under similar experimental conditions. Cd binding to a bacterial consortium at the same pH value, sampled from natural river water, was modeled using the models developed for the individual Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. C1 [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fein, Jeremy B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Boyanov, Maxim I.; Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biol Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mishra, B (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Mishra, Bhoopesh/C-2788-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU National Science Foundation through an EMSI [EAR02-21966]; MRCAT; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX B.M. thanks the Bayer Corporation and the Environmental Molecular Science Institute (EMSI) at University of Notre Dame for fellowship support. Help in sample preparation from Jennifer Szymanowski, and beamline setup help from the staff of MRCAT are greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the funding provided by the National Science Foundation through an EMSI grant (EAR02-21966) to the University of Notre Dame. MRCAT is supported by the member institutions. The APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 343 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900097 ER PT S AU Pushkar, Y Yano, J Glatzel, P Messinger, J Lewist, A Sauert, K Bergmann, U Yachandra, VK AF Pushkar, Yulia Yano, Junko Glatzel, Pieter Messinger, Johannes Lewist, Azul Sauert, Kenneth Bergmann, Uwe Yachandra, Vittal K. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Polarized range-extended x-ray absorption spectroscopy of oriented photosystem II membranes in the S-1 state SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XAS; photosynthesis; photosystem II; oxygen evolving complex; (OEC); range-extended EXAFS ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; CLUSTER; EXAFS AB Detailed information about the orientation of particular Mn-Mn and Mn-Ca vectors in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of the Photosystem II in the S-1 state provide a critical starting point for the analysis of the structural changes in the OEC along the catalytic Si-state cycle. The method of olarized range-extended EXAFS is an important technical development, that allows: i) resolution of the 2.7 angstrom and 2.8 angstrom Mn-Mn interactions; ii) resolution of 3.2 angstrom MnMn and 3.4 angstrom Mn-Ca; iii) determination of 2.7 angstrom, 2.8 angstrom, 3.2 angstrom Mn-Mn and 3.4 angstrom Mn-Ca vectors orientation relative to the membrane normal. C1 [Pushkar, Yulia; Yano, Junko; Lewist, Azul; Sauert, Kenneth; Yachandra, Vittal K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pushkar, Yulia; Yano, Junko; Lewist, Azul; Sauert, Kenneth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glatzel, Pieter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Bergmann, Uwe] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Messinger, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. RP Pushkar, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU NIH [GM-55302, GM-65440]; Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; BioCAT is a NIH-supported Research Center [RR-08630]; NSF [CHE-0213592]; OBER FX This work was supported by the NIH Grant GM-55302, and by the Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Synchrotron facilities were provided by APS, Argonne supported by DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. BioCAT is a NIH- supported Research Center RR-08630. We thank Prof. Stephen Cramer at LBNL for providing access to the crystal analyzer (NIH grant GM-65440, NSF grant CHE-0213592, and OBER, DOE). NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900098 ER PT S AU Smolentsev, G Soldatov, AV Messinger, J Merz, K Weyhermuller, T Pushkar, Y Yano, J Yachandra, VK Glatzel, P AF Smolentsev, Grigory Soldatov, Alexander V. Messinger, Johannes Merz, Katrin Weyhermuller, Thomas Pushkar, Yulla Yano, Junko Yachandra, Vittal K. Glatzel, Pieter BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy as a tool for investigation of organometallic systems SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE valence-to-core XES; DFT; emission satellites ID XANES AB The fine structure of X-ray emission satellite lines just below the Fermi level (K beta satellite lines), which arise from transitions from valence bands to the core 1s level in 3d transition metals, is a developing technique and the full potential is not well known or understood. On the basis of DFT calculations for some theoretical model complexes that are relevant in bioinorganic chemistry we show that the method can be used to distinguish bonds of the metal atom with different light atoms O/N/C even if the coordination geometries are exactly the same, which is not possible using EXAFS or XANES spectroscopy. Moreover the method is sensitive to the bonding of H to the ligands, which allows to discriminate, for example, between OH- and water near the metal. Both these aspects clearly demonstrate that the K beta satellite lines yield information that is complementary to traditional X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra for a complex Mn system was also achieved. C1 [Smolentsev, Grigory; Soldatov, Alexander V.] Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. [Messinger, Johannes; Merz, Katrin; Weyhermuller, Thomas] Max Planck Inst, Muehlheim, Germany. [Pushkar, Yulla; Yano, Junko; Yachandra, Vittal K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Glatzel, Pieter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Grenoble, France. RP Smolentsev, G (reprint author), Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RI Smolentsev, Grigory/C-6438-2008; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012 OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900099 ER PT S AU Lucovsky, G Luning, J AF Lucovsky, Gerald Luening, Jan BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Spectroscopic studies of electronically active defects in transition metal oxides for advanced si devices SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE transition metal oxides; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; grain-boundary defects; engineering solutions AB Based on spectroscopic studies, and guided by ab initio theory, the electron and hole traps in HfO2 and other transition metal elemental oxides e.g., TiO2, are assigned to O-atom divacancies, clustered at internal grain boundaries. Engineering solutions for defect reduction are identified: i) deposition of ultra-thin, < 2 nm HfO2 and phase separated Hf silicate dielectrics, in which grain boundary formation is suppressed by effectively eliminating inter-primitive unit cell pi-bonding interactions, and ii) non-crystalline Zr/Hf Si oxynitrides without nanocrystalline grain boundaries. C1 [Lucovsky, Gerald] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Luening, Jan] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lucovsky, G (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 364 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900103 ER PT S AU Fons, P Tampo, H Kolobov, AV Ohkubo, M Niki, S Tominaga, J Carboni, R Friedrich, S AF Fons, P. Tampo, H. Kolobov, A. V. Ohkubo, M. Niki, S. Tominaga, J. Carboni, R. Friedrich, S. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Direct observation of nitrogen location in molecular beam epitaxy grown nitrogen-doped ZnO SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE ZnO; nitrogen; doping; XAFS ID FILMS; SAPPHIRE AB ZnO is a wide band gap, naturally n-type semiconductor with great promise for optoelectronic applications. To date, however, it has proven difficult to dope p-type, a prerequisite for device fabrication. Nitrogen is widely believed to be one of the most promising dopant candidates, however, experimental results to date have been inconsistent; recent theoretical formation energy calculations have indicated that Nitrogen preferentially incorporates into the ZnO lattice in the form of a N-2(-) molecule at an O-site when a Nitrogen plasma source is used, leading to compensation rather than p-type doping. We show by a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the N K-edge of plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy grown ZnO and ab-initio simulations that in as-grown material, Nitrogen incorporates substitutionally on an O-site where it is expected to act as an acceptor. We have also observed the distinctive formation of molecular nitrogen bubbles upon rapid thermal annealing. These results suggest that effective p-type doping of ZnO with N may only be possible for metastable low-temperature growth processes. C1 [Fons, P.; Tampo, H.; Kolobov, A. V.; Ohkubo, M.; Niki, S.; Tominaga, J.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 30585602, Japan. [Carboni, R.] Univ Bologna, CNISM, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Friedrich, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, L 270, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fons, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 30585602, Japan. RI Fons, Paul/E-2471-2011 FU Synchrotron Radiation Committee of Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia; NSF; DOE OBER; NA-22; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX The DFT results were obtained through the use of the ABINIT code, a common project of the Universite Catholique de Louvain, Corning Incorporated, and other contributors (URL http://www.abinit.org). We are also grateful to the ALOISA staff for help with the experiment. Measurements at ELETTRA were supported by the Synchrotron Radiation Committee of Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia. S.F. acknowledges NSF, DOE OBER and NA-22 funding. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 381 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900108 ER PT S AU Seo, HT Lee, SH Ju, B Lucovsky, G Luning, J AF Seo, Hyungtak Lee, Sanghyun Ju, Byoung Lucovsky, Gerald Luning, Jan BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI XAS studies of chemical bonding of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in Ti/Zr/Hf high-K gate dielectrics SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE transition metal dielectrics; transition metal silicates; transition metal Si oxynitrides; near edge absorption spectroscopy; spectroscopic ellipsometry; remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition AB Near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAS) has been used to study bonding in Ti/Zr/Hf (hereafter TM) Si oxynitrides and silicates. Comparisons between O K-1 and N K-1 spectra are particularly informative since 0 and N anti-bonding molecular orbitals (MO) display distinct features from nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor TM and Si atoms. MO TM-atom spectral features are qualitatively different in TM silicates and Si oxynitrides. NEXAS studies of TM silicates identity chemical phase separation (CPS) into TM-dioxides and SiO2 for annealing to 900 degrees C. C1 [Seo, Hyungtak; Lee, Sanghyun; Lucovsky, Gerald] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Luning, Jan] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Seo, HT (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 487 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900143 ER PT S AU Ma, Q Buchholz, DB Anderson, M Aagesen, L Chang, RPH AF Ma, Qing Buchholz, D. B. Anderson, Mark Aagesen, Larry Chang, R. P. H. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of copper doped ZnO thin films SO X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure-XAFS13 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE X-ray absorption; XANES; EXAFS; copper-doped ZnO; cluster AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique is used to study copper-doped ZnO thin films, prepared by pulsed-laser deposition. The samples with various doping levels are examined. It is found that the samples contain metallic clusters with the sizes <= 2 nm as well as Cu1+ and Cu2+ states. The Cu1+ states exist as stable oxide clusters, while the Cu2+ ones participate in the ZnO lattice some of which may be pertaining to the surfaces of the Cu clusters as well. The copper clusters of similar to 1 nm are unstable and fragment under monochromatic x-ray beam illumination. C1 Northwestern Univ, DND CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, DND CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009; Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017 OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 493 EP 495 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900145 ER PT S AU Muramatsu, Y Harada, R Gullikson, EM AF Muramatsu, Yasuji Harada, Ryusuke Gullikson, Eric M. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of high-abrasion-furnace carbon black SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE soft X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray absorption; synchrotron radiation; carbon ID K REGION; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB The soft x-ray absorption spectra of high-abrasion-fuurace carbon black were measured to obtain local-structure/chemical-states information of the primary particles and/or crystallites. The soft x-ray absorption spectral features of carbon black represent broader pi* and sigma* peak structures compared to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). ne subtracted spectra between the carbon black and HOPG, (carbon black)-(HOPG), show double-peak structures on both sides of the pi* peak. The lower-energy peak, denoted as the "pre-peak", in the subtracted spectra and the pi*/sigma* peak intensity ratio in the absorption spectra clearly depend on the specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption (NSA). Therefore, it is concluded that the pre-peak intensity and the pi*/sigma* ratio reflect the local graphitic structure of carbon black. C1 [Muramatsu, Yasuji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. [Harada, Ryusuke] Tokai Carbon Co Ltd, Chita Lab, Aichi 4702341, Japan. [Gullikson, Eric M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [17550090] FX This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan under contract No. 17550090. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 511 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900151 ER PT S AU Yang, N Mickelson, GE Greenlay, N Kelly, SD Vila, FD Kas, J Rehr, JJ Bare, SR AF Yang, N. Mickelson, G. E. Greenlay, N. Kelly, S. D. Vila, F. D. Kas, J. Rehr, J. J. Bare, Simon R. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Size and shape of rhenium nanoparticles SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE nanoparticles; catalyst; in situ; EXAFS; Re ID IFEFFIT AB In this paper the results from a detailed XAFS characterization of supported rhenium nanoparticles are presented. The Re nanoparticles are formed by the reduction of dispersed supported rhenium oxide in the presence of moist hydrogen. The shape of the wet-reduced Re clusters is determined by comparing the EXAFS spectra of Re-metal to the Re-wet-reduced clusters to 6 angstrom. A decrease in the signal from the 4(th) and 7(th) Re shells is an indication of sheet-like rather than spherical-like particles. C1 [Yang, N.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mickelson, G. E.; Greenlay, N.; Bare, Simon R.] UOP LLC, Des Plaines, IL 60016 USA. [Kelly, S. D.] EXAFS Anal, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Vila, F. D.; Kas, J.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Yang, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [31-109-ENG-38] FX The APS is supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. We are grateful to Anatoly Frenkel for useful discussions and Jenia Karapetrova for help at the beamline. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 591 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900176 ER PT S AU Ignatov, AY Graetz, J Chaudhuri, S Salguero, TT Vajo, JJ Meyer, MS Pinkerton, FE Tyson, TA AF Ignatov, A. Yu. Graetz, J. Chaudhuri, S. Salguero, T. T. Vajo, J. J. Meyer, M. S. Pinkerton, F. E. Tyson, T. A. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Spatial configurations of Ti- and Ni- species catalyzing complex metal hydrides: X-ray absorption studies and first-principles DFT and MD calculations SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE hydrogen storage materials; alanates; borohydrides; nanocatalysts; EXAFS; XANES; DFT; MD ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE AB We have performed Ti K-edge EXAFS and XANES measurements on 4 and 3 wt% TiCl3-activated NaAlH4 and (LiBH4+0.5MgH(2)) and Ni K-edge measurements on 3 and 11 wt% NiCl2-activated (LiBH4+0.5MgH(2)) and (Li3BN2H8) - prospective hydrogen storage materials. The valence of Ti and Ni is close to zero and invariant during hydrogen cycling. None of the metals enter substitutionally or interstitially into the crystalline lattice of the initial or final products. For the Ti- activated NaAlH4 and (LiBH4+0.5MgH(2)), amorphous TiAl3 and TiB2 alloys are formed, which are almost invariant during cycling. The Ni doped (LiBH4+0.5MgH(2)) initially forms amorphous Ni3B, which is partly converted to amorphous Mg2NiHy upon hydrogen loading. Local structure around Ti(Ni) atoms is expressed in terms of a cluster expansion and the interatomic distances, coordination numbers and Debye-Waller factors are determined for competitive structural models. For Ti-activated NaAIH(4) the models are elaborated by Ti K-edge XANES, which are interpreted in terms of single-electron multiple scattering calculations. Structural properties and phase stability of hypothetical hydrogenated TiAl3 as well as several products of the decomposition reaction are determined from density functional theory calculation. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of surface diffusion and chemical reactivity imply that the formation of a few monolayers of TiAl3 on the surface may be responsible for the significant increase in the reaction rate. C1 [Ignatov, A. Yu.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Biophys, NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Graetz, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chaudhuri, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Salguero, T. T.; Vajo, J. J.] LLC, HRL Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Meyer, M. S.; Pinkerton, F. E.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Ignatov, A. Yu.; Tyson, T. A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Ignatov, AY (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Biophys, NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 642 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900191 ER PT S AU Yang, N Mickelson, GE Greenlay, N Kelly, SD Bare, SR AF Yang, N. Mickelson, G. E. Greenlay, N. Kelly, S. D. Bare, Simon R. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI In situ XAS of Ni-W hydrocracking catalysts SO X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure-XAFS13 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE EXAFS; Ni; W; hydrocracking catalyst; alumina; sulfiding ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; EXAFS; ENVIRONMENT; IFEFFIT; SILICA AB Ni-W based catalysts are very attractive in hydrotreating of heavy oil due to their high hydrogenation activity. In the present research, two catalyst samples, prepared by different methods, that exhibit significant differences in activity were sulfided in situ, and the local structure of the Ni and W were studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The Ni XANES spectra were analyzed using a linear component fitting, and the EXAFS spectra of the WS2 platelets in the sulfided catalysts were modeled. The Ni and W are fully sulfilded in the higher activity sample, and there are both unsulfided Ni (similar to 25%) and W (< 10%) in the lower activity sample. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 663 EP 665 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900198 ER PT S AU Lam, S Helgl, F Kim, PSG Sham, TK Gordon, RA Brewe, D Regier, T Coulthard, I Blyth, RIR AF Lam, Simone Helgl, Franziskus Kim, P. -S. Grace Sham, T. K. Gordon, Robert A. Brewe, Dale Regier, Tom Coulthard, Ian Blyth, Robert I. R. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI X-ray excited optical luminescence from Ru(biPY)(3)(2+) and Ru(phen)(3)(2+) in the energy and time domains SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XEOL; synchrotron radiation; Ru(II) complexes; time-resolved; optical EXAFS AB Recent observations of XEOL (X-ray Excited Optical Luminescence) from prototype Ru(II) complexes with excitation energies at various absorption edges of Ru, C and N, and corresponding optical XAFS (photoluminescence yield) are reported. Time-resolved XEOL using the synchrotron light pulse from the Advanced Photon Source in top-up mode and the Canadian Light Source operating in single bunch mode are also noted. These results are discussed in terms of the electronic structures of the complexes, spin-orbit coupling and radiative decay dynamics of the systems. C1 [Lam, Simone; Helgl, Franziskus; Kim, P. -S. Grace; Sham, T. K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Gordon, Robert A.; Brewe, Dale] Argonne Natl Lab, PNC CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. [Regier, Tom; Coulthard, Ian; Blyth, Robert I. R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Lam, S (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. FU NSERC; CFI; OIT and CRC of Canada; NRC; CIHR and the University of Saskatchewan; NSERC MFA; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38]; U.S. NSF [DMR-0084402] FX Research at UWO is supported by NSERC, CFI, OIT and CRC of Canada. Some of the research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by NSERC, NRC, CIHR and the University of Saskatchewan. The PNC-CAT at APS is partially supported by an NSERC MFA grant. The Advanced Photon Source was supported bythe U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. SRC was supported by U.S. NSF (DMR-0084402) NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 687 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900206 ER PT S AU Gilbert, B Kim, CS Dong, CL Guo, JH Nico, PS Shuh, DK AF Gilbert, Benjamin Kim, Christopher S. Dong, Chung-Li Guo, Jinghua Nico, Peter S. Shuh, David K. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Oxygen K-edge emission and absorption spectroscopy of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE iron oxyhydroxide; goethite; nanoparticles; X-ray absorption; X-ray emission; oxygen K-edge ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; MINERALS; OXIDES; SPECTRA; SIZE; HYDROQUINONE; ENVIRONMENTS; NANOCRYSTALS AB Transition metal oxide and oxyhydroxide nanoparticles are the focus of considerable current interest in geochemistry. Much progress has been made in understanding the structure and phase relationships in mineral nanoparticles, but the effects of small size and modified surface structure on reactivity remains an outstanding problem. Common environmental nanoparticles have been shown to exhibit enhanced chemical reactivity relative to bulk mineral surfaces, but the origin of this behavior is not well established. We studied the electronic structure component of mineral reactivity by comparing soft x-ray absorption and emission spectra of bulk goethite (alpha-FeOOH) with spectra obtained from similar to 6 nm FeOOH nanoparticles and larger FeOOH nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal coarsening. The semiconductor band gap is reduced in the FeOOH nanoparticles, mainly due to the presence of additional states in the upper valence band. We performed ab initio simulation of the electronic structure of oxygen sites at the 010 surface of goethite, and observe that oxygen sites with reduced metal coordination contribute to the O 2p DOS at higher binding energy. Hence we conclude that FeOOH nanoparticle surfaces are more disordered than the surfaces of goethite, and that this structural component is likely the dominant cause of enhanced rates of reductive dissolution. C1 [Gilbert, Benjamin; Nico, Peter S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Christopher S.] Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Orange 92866, CA USA. [Dong, Chung-Li; Guo, Jinghua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Christopher S.; Shuh, David K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilbert, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; FU Director, Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S.Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Director, Office of Science, OBES [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support for this work came from the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC02-05CH11231. Iron K-edge EXAFS spectra were acquired on beamline 10-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL).Oxygen K-edge absorption and emission spectra were acquired at beamline 7.0.1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The SSRL is operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES). The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, OBES, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 721 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900216 ER PT S AU Benzerara, K Tyliszczak, T Brown, GE AF Benzerara, K. Tyliszczak, T. Brown, G. E., Jr. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Study of interactions between microbes and minerals by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE geomicrobiology; biomineralization; weathering; stromatolite; biosignature; NEXAFS; aragonite; hydroxyapatite ID MICROBIALITES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIATION; PYROXENE; NEXAFS; CARBON AB Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were combined to characterize various samples of geomicrobiological interest down to the nanometer scale. An approach based on energy-filtered imaging was used to examine microbe-mineral interactions and the resulting biominerals, as well as biosignatures in simplified laboratory samples. Ibis approach was then applied to natural samples, including natural biofilms entombed in calcium carbonate precipitates and bioweathered silicates and facilitated location of bacterial cells and provided unique insights about their biogeochemical interactions with minerals at the 30-40 nm scale. C1 [Benzerara, K.] CNRS, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, UMR 7590, Paris, France. [Tyliszczak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1000 Centennial Dr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Div Environm Sci, Dept Geog, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Benzerara, K (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, UMR 7590, Paris, France. RI Benzerara, Karim/J-1532-2016; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016 OI Benzerara, Karim/0000-0002-0553-0137; FU NSF (Stanford EMSI) [CHE-0431425]; Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University; France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division of DOE-BES FX Nicolas Menguy is thanked for help with TEM observations on carbonate microbialites. Virginia M. Miller and John C. Lieske are acknowledged for providing nanobacteria samples from human and bovine calcifications. Martin Obst is thanked for providing the Synechococcus leopoliensis culture. Olivier Beyssac, Bruno Goffe and Sylvain Bernard provided plant spores from the Alps. This work was supported by NSF Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford EMSI), by a grant from the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, and by the France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies. The STXM studies were performed at the Advanced Light Source on the STXM BL 11.0.2.2, which is supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The ALS is supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of DOE-BES. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 726 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900217 ER PT S AU Heigl, F Sun, XHJ Lam, S Sham, TK Gordon, R Brewe, D Rosenberg, R ShenoY, G Yablonskikh, M MacNaughton, J Moewes, A AF Heigl, Franziskus Sun, X. H. Jeff Lam, Simone Sham, Tsun-Kong Gordon, Robert Brewe, Dale Rosenberg, Richard ShenoY, Gopal Yablonskikh, Mikhail MacNaughton, Janay Moewes, Alex BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Optical XAFS of ZnO nanowires at the ZnK-edge and related phenomena SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE ZnK-edge; ZnO (0001); ZnO nanostructures; time-resolved XEOL ID LUMINESCENCE AB We report x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) from one-dimensional nanostructures of ZnO excited with photon energies across the Zn K-edge. The optical luminescence shows an UV and a green emission band characteristic of near band edge and defect emission, respectively. The optical channels were used in turn to monitor the Zn K-edge XAFS to high k values. The densities of states of oxygen character in the valence band were also studied with x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The Zn K-edge decay dynamics was examined with time-resolved x-ray excited optical luminescence. C1 [Heigl, Franziskus; Sun, X. H. Jeff; Lam, Simone; Sham, Tsun-Kong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Gordon, Robert] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Brewe, Dale; Rosenberg, Richard; ShenoY, Gopal] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Yablonskikh, Mikhail; MacNaughton, Janay; Moewes, Alex] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. RP Heigl, F (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 FU NSERC; CFI; CRC of Canada; NSERC MFA; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38, DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Research at UWO and U Sask. are supported by NSERC, CFI and CRC of Canada; the PNC-CAT/APS was partially supported by an NSERC MFA grant. The Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Advanced Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 734 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900219 ER PT S AU Chen, LX Shaw, GB Wasinger, EC Zhang, X Attenkofer, K Jennings, G AF Chen, L. X. Shaw, G. B. Wasinger, E. C. Zhang, X. Attenkofer, K. Jennings, Guy BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Molecular structural dynamics of photoactive transition metal complexes in solar energy conversion studied by ultrafast optical spectroscopy and LITR-XAS SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy; pump-probe XAFS; LITR-XAS; excited state structures; metalloporphyrins; MLCT state structures of transition metal complexes; solar energy conversion ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PULSED X-RAYS; EXCITED-STATES; PORPHYRINS AB Transition metal complexes play important roles in solar energy conversion due to their intense absorption within the solar spectrum, their capability of transferring electron and energy through the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) or ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) excited state, and their capability of binding substrates through coordination geometry changes. Hence, structural dynamics of these complexes in their excited states need to be understood in order to gain knowledge of controlling solar energy conversion processes. We will present our recent studies on structural dynamics of two metal complexes using both ultrafast optical spectroscopy and laser initiated time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (LITR-XAS). In order to fully understand the roles of transition metal complexes in solar energy conversion, structural dynamics of these molecules in their excited states on ultrafast time scales are needed. We will discuss mainly two different transition metal complex systems, 1) ultrafast structural dynamics in the MLCT state of [Cu(I)(dmp)(2)](+) in different solvents, and 2) excited state structural dynamics of metalloporphyrins in solution. In the first system, a structural dynamics study using ultrafast up-conversion revealed time scale of the internal structural changes in the MLCT state, which provides guidance in future ultrafast structural determination using fs x-ray sources, such as LCLS. In the second system, a few examples of excited state metalloporphyrin structures obtained by LITR-XAS will be discussed with potential applications in photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. C1 [Chen, L. X.; Shaw, G. B.; Wasinger, E. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, X.; Attenkofer, K.; Jennings, Guy] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photo Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work is supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-ENG-38 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 844 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900252 ER PT S AU Heigl, F Juergensen, A Zhou, XT Murphy, M Ko, JYP Lam, S Sham, TK Regier, T Blyth, RIR Coulthard, I Zuin, L Hu, YF Armelao, L Gordon, R Brewe, D AF Heigl, F. Juergensen, A. Zhou, X. -T. Murphy, M. Ko, J. Y. P. Lam, S. Sham, T. K. Regier, T. Blyth, R. I. R. Coulthard, I. Zuin, L. Hu, Y. -F. Armelao, L. Gordon, R. Brewe, D. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Time resolved studies of ZnO (Eu) nanostructure luminescence using short synchrotron radiation pulses SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE XEOL; timing; synchrotron radiation; nanotechnology AB X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) is a well established technique to study nanostructured light emitting materials. XEOL bares the essential features necessary for the study of advanced nanostructured materials like element specifity, good quantuin efficiency, and easy approach for time resolution. Being sensitive to the geometry of the material on a nano-scale, luminescence gives insight into the phenomenologic correlation of structural, optical, and electronic properties. Besides structural aspects we study the time behavior of nanostructured ZnO (Eu) in a pump-probe Eke experiment, using the tune structure of synchrotron radiation. C1 [Heigl, F.; Juergensen, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhou, X. -T.; Murphy, M.; Ko, J. Y. P.; Lam, S.; Sham, T. K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Regier, T.; Blyth, R. I. R.; Coulthard, I.; Zuin, L.; Hu, Y. -F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Armelao, L.] ISTM CNR, Dept Chem, Padua, Italy. [Gordon, R.; Brewe, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, PNC CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Heigl, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Canadian Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU NSERC MFA; NSERC; NRC CIHR; University of Saskatchewan; NSF [DMR-0084402]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX CSRF, CLS and the Canadian component at PNCCAT/APS are supported by NSERC MFA grants. Some of the research was performed at the CanadianLight Source which is partially supported by NSERC, NRC CIHR and the University of Saskatchewan. The Synchrotron Radiation Center, UW-Madison, is supported by the NSF under Award No. DMR-0084402. The work performed at the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. The Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) is also acknowledged for the FIRB Research Program - RBNE033KMA(LA). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 864 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900257 ER PT S AU Zhang, K Rosenbaum, G Liu, Q Fischer, D AF Zhang, Ke Rosenbaum, Gerd Liu, Qian Fischer, Daniel BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Performance of multilayer array analyzer detector in the intermediate energy region (1 KeV to 3 KeV) SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE graded multilayers; analyzer; x-ray fluorescence; intermediate x-ray energy AB It is natural to use multilayer analyzers as energy resolving x-ray fluorescence detectors in the lower energy region. The analyzer array detectors can afford large detection solid angle, superb energy resolution, and reasonable efficiency. We have constructed a 12-element multilayer detector for operation starting at about one KeV. The detection solid angle at 2 KeV is roughly 3 % of 4 pi. The FWHM of the detector response curve can reach 30 eV close to 1.2 KeV. The fabrication and testing of the prototype detector will lead to the design of better multilayer array analyzers in this energy region. C1 [Zhang, Ke] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rosenbaum, Gerd; Liu, Qian] Argonne Natl Lab, SerCAT, APS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Ke] HD Technol Inc, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. [Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. FU NIST SBIR [SB1341-02-C-0052]; Office of Basic Sciences, Department of Energy FX This project is supported by NIST SBIR contract SB1341-02-C-0052. The data were collected at 2-ID-Band 9-BM of the APS, Argonne National Lab, which issupported by Office of Basic Sciences, Department of Energy. The help of the beamline staff during data collection is appreciated. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 923 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900276 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Shlyaptsev, VN Nilsen, J Smith, RF Keenan, R Moon, SJ Filevich, J Rocca, J Nelson, AJ Hunter, JR Marconi, MC Li, YL Osterheld, AL Shepherd, R Fiedorowicz, H Bartnik, A Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Zeitoun, P Hubert, S Jacquemot, S Fajardo, M AF Dunn, J. Shlyaptsev, V. N. Nilsen, J. Smith, R. F. Keenan, R. Moon, S. J. Filevich, J. Rocca, J. Nelson, A. J. Hunter, J. R. Marconi, M. C. Li, Y. L. Osterheld, A. L. Shepherd, R. Fiedorowicz, H. Bartnik, A. Faenov, A. Ya. Pikuz, T. A. Zeitoun, P. Hubert, S. Jacquemot, S. Fajardo, M. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Overview of tabletop X-ray laser development at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID TRANSIENT GAIN; COHERENCE MEASUREMENTS; NM; PULSE AB It is almost a decade since the first tabletop x-ray laser experiments were implemented at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The decision to pursue the picosecond-driven schemes at LLNL was largely based around the early demonstration of the tabletop Ne-like Ti x-ray laser at the Max Born Institute (MBI) as well as the established robustness of collisional excitation schemes. These picosecond x-ray lasers have been a strong growth area for x-ray laser research. Rapid progress in source development and characterization has achieved ultrahigh peak brightness rivaling the previous activities on the larger facilities. Various picosecond soft-x-ray based applications have benefited from the increased repetition rates. We will describe the activities at LLNL in this area. C1 [Dunn, J.; Nilsen, J.; Smith, R. F.; Keenan, R.; Moon, S. J.; Nelson, A. J.; Li, Y. L.; Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shlyaptsev, V. N.] Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Filevich, J.; Rocca, J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Fiedorowicz, H.; Bartnik, A.] Military Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Faenov, A. Ya.; Pikuz, T. A.] Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr VNIIFTRI, Moscow, Russia. [Zeitoun, P.] ENSTA, Lab Optique Appliquee, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. [Hubert, S.; Jacquemot, S.] Commissariatal Eergie Atomique, F-91680 Bruyeresle Chatel, France. [Fajardo, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 FU US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG52-06NA26152]; Ministry of Science and High Education of Poland [3 T11B 031 26]; NATO Collaborative [PST.CLG.979339] FX Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and in part by US Department of Energy grant No. #DE-FG52-06NA26152, and in part, by the Ministry of Science and High Education of Poland under grant No 3 T11B 031 26 and by the NATO Collaborative Grant PST.CLG.979339. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 1 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100002 ER PT S AU Rocca, JJ Wang, Y Larotonda, M Luther, B Berrill, M Alessi, D Weith, A Marconi, M Patel, D Menoni, CS Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Liu, Y Attwood, DT AF Rocca, J. J. Wang, Y. Larotonda, M. Luther, B. Berrill, M. Alessi, D. Weith, A. Marconi, M. Patel, D. Menoni, C. S. Shlyaptsev, V. N. Dunn, J. Liu, Y. Attwood, D. T. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Advances in high repetition rate soft X-ray lasers: Lasing down to 10.9 nm and high brightness operation of a seeded soft X-ray amplifier using a solid target SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID 18.9-NM TABLETOP LASER; TRANSIENT; GAIN AB We have demonstrated saturated tabletop lasers operating at 5 Hz repetition rate with microwatt average powers at wavelengths between 18.9 nm and 13.2 nm in the 4d P-1(1)-4p S-1(0) transitions of Ni-like ions. Lasing was also observed on transitions of the same isolectronic sequence for wavelengths as low as 10.9 nm in Ni-like Te, and on transitions near 30 nm in Ne-like ions. The results were obtained using picosecond laser heating pulses with an energy of only 1J by optimizing the grazing incidence angle of the pump beam for maximum energy deposition. As a further step in the development of these lasers we also realized the first demonstration of saturated amplification of a high harmonic seed in a transient collisional soft x-ray laser amplifier created by heating a solid target. A 32.6 nm Ne-like Ti amplifier was used to amplify a seed pulse from the 25(th) harmonic of Ti:Sa into the gain saturation regime. The amplified beam was measured to approach full spatial coherence. The peak spectral brightness is estimated to be similar to 2x10(26) photons/(s.mm(2).mrad(2) 0.01% bandwidth). The scheme is scalable to produce extremely bright lasers at very short wavelength. C1 [Rocca, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Larotonda, M.; Luther, B.; Berrill, M.; Alessi, D.; Weith, A.; Marconi, M.; Patel, D.; Menoni, C. S.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rocca, J. J.; Wang, Y.; Larotonda, M.; Luther, B.; Berrill, M.; Alessi, D.; Weith, A.; Marconi, M.; Patel, D.; Menoni, C. S.; Liu, Y.; Attwood, D. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shlyaptsev, V. N.] Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA USA. [Attwood, D. T.] Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Livermore, CA USA. [Liu, Y.; Attwood, D. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunn, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rocca, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 FU NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology under NSF [EEC-0310717] FX This work was supported by the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology under NSF Award EEC-0310717 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 149 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100021 ER PT S AU Kuhl, T Ursescu, D Bagnoud, V Javorkova, D Rosmej, O Zimmer, D Cassou, K Kazamias, S Klisnick, A Ros, D Zielbauer, B Janulewicz, K Nickles, P Pert, G Neumayer, P Dunn, J AF Kuehl, T. Ursescu, D. Bagnoud, V. Javorkova, D. Rosmej, O. Zimmer, D. Cassou, K. Kazamias, S. Klisnick, A. Ros, D. Zielbauer, B. Janulewicz, K. Nickles, P. Pert, G. Neumayer, P. Dunn, J. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI A non-normal incidence pumped Ni-like Zr XRL for spectroscopy of Li-like heavy ions at GSI/FAIR SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID X-RAY LASER; PHELIX LASER AB One of the unique features of the PHELIX laser installation is the combination of the ultra-high intensity laser with the heavy-ion accelerator facility at GSI and its planned extension FAIR. Due to this combination, PHELIX will allow novel investigations in the fields of plasma physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and accelerator studies. An important issue within the scientific program is the generation of high quality x-ray laser beams for x-ray laser spectroscopy of highly-charged ions. The long range perspective is the study of nuclear properties of radioactive isotopes within the FAIR [1] project. A novel single mirror focusing scheme for the TCE XRL has been successfully implemented by the LIXAM/MBI/GSI collaboration under different pump geometries. Intense and stable laser operation with Ni-like Zr and Ni-like Ag was demonstrated at pump energies between 2 J and 5 J from the PHELIX pre-amplifier section. C1 [Kuehl, T.; Ursescu, D.; Bagnoud, V.; Javorkova, D.; Rosmej, O.; Zimmer, D.; Zielbauer, B.] GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. [Kuehl, T.; Zielbauer, B.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Cassou, K.; Kazamias, S.; Klisnick, A.; Ros, D.] Univ Paris XI, Paris, France. [Zielbauer, B.; Janulewicz, K.; Nickles, P.] Max Born Inst, Berlin, Germany. [Pert, G.; Neumayer, P.; Dunn, J.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kuhl, T (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. RI Klisnick, Annie/C-5532-2008; Ursescu, Daniel/F-2216-2010; Klisnick, Annie/F-1152-2011; Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Bagnoud, Vincent/K-4266-2015 OI Ursescu, Daniel/0000-0002-0612-670X; Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Bagnoud, Vincent/0000-0003-1512-4578 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 427 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100054 ER PT S AU Grava, J Purvis, M Filevich, J Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Jankowska, E Dunn, J Moon, SJ Shlyaptsev, VN AF Grava, J. Purvis, M. Filevich, J. Marconi, M. C. Rocca, J. J. Jankowska, E. Dunn, J. Moon, S. J. Shlyaptsev, V. N. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Soft x-ray laser interferometry of colliding Al plasmas in a semi-cylindrical cavity SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID IGNITION AB Soft x-ray laser interferometry was used to study the evolution of dense colliding plasmas produced by laser irradiation of semi-cylindrical targets. We present a series of interferograms that map the evolution of 1 mm long Aluminum plasmas created by irradiating 500 gin diameter semi-cylindrical targets with an intensity of similar to 1.1x10(12) Wcm(-2) from 120 ps duration laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength. The interferograms were obtained combining a 46.9 mn tabletop capillary discharge soft x-ray laser with a high throughput amplitude division interferometer based on diffraction gratings. The interferograms show that the plasma expands converging on the axis of the semi-cylindrical cavity where it reaches electron densities above 1 x 10(20) cm(-3). The code HYDRA was used to simulate the plasmas expansion and give insight on the plasma dynamics. C1 [Grava, J.; Purvis, M.; Filevich, J.; Marconi, M. C.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jankowska, E.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Wroclaw 50370, Poland. [Dunn, J.; Moon, S. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shlyaptsev, V. N.] Univ California Davis Livermore, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grava, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through U.S. Department of Energy Research [DE-FG52-06NA26152]; U.S. Dept. of Energy by the University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through the Institute of Laser Science and Application [W-7405-Eng-48]; Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology [EEC-0310717] FX This research was sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances program through U.S. Department of Energy Research Grant #DE-FG52-06NA26152. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory through the Institute of Laser Science and Application, under contract No.W-7405-Eng-48. The CSU researchers also gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities from the NSF ERC Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, award EEC-0310717. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 471 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100059 ER PT S AU Capeluto, MG Wachulak, P Patel, D Marconi, MC Menoni, CS Rocca, JJ Anderson, EH Chao, W Attwood, DT AF Capeluto, M. G. Wachulak, P. Patel, D. Marconi, M. C. Menoni, C. S. Rocca, J. J. Anderson, E. H. Chao, W. Attwood, D. T. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Table top nanopatterning using soft X-ray lasers SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int AB In this work we demostrate a table top nanopatteming tool based on the illumination with compact Soft X-Ray (SXR) laser. Two approaches consisting of interferometric lithography (IL) and de-magnifying imaging using diffractive optics were used. Surface patterning was realized on commercial photoresists covering surfaces up to approximate to 50 x 50 mu m2 with exposures f few seconds. Using interferometric lithography features down to approximate to 60 nm were obtained. C1 [Wachulak, P.; Patel, D.; Marconi, M. C.; Menoni, C. S.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wachulak, P.; Patel, D.; Marconi, M. C.; Menoni, C. S.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Capeluto, M. G.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Naturales, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Anderson, E. H.; Chao, W.; Attwood, D. T.] Univ Calif, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Capeluto, MG (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Naturales, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 FU NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology under NSF [EEC-0310717]; NSF [DMI-0508484]; CONICET FX This work was supported by the NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology under NSF Award Number EEC-0310717 and NER program NSF Award DMI-0508484. MGC acknowledges the support through a fellowship from CONICET. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 491 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100062 ER PT S AU Chalupsky, J Juha, L Kuba, J Cihelka, J Hajkova, V Bergh, M Bionta, RM Caleman, C Chapman, H Hajdu, J Hau-Riege, S Jurek, M Koptyaev, S Krasa, J Krenz-Tronnier, A Krzywinski, J London, R Meyer-Ter-Vehn, J Nietubyc, R Pelka, JB Sobierajski, R Sokolowski-Tinten, K Stojanovic, N Tiedtke, K Toleikis, S Tschentscher, T Velyhan, A Wabnitz, H Zastrau, U AF Chalupsky, J. Juha, L. Kuba, J. Cihelka, J. Hajkova, V. Bergh, M. Bionta, R. M. Caleman, C. Chapman, H. Hajdu, J. Hau-Riege, S. Jurek, M. Koptyaev, S. Krasa, J. Krenz-Tronnier, A. Krzywinski, J. London, R. Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Nietubyc, R. Pelka, J. B. Sobierajski, R. Sokolowski-Tinten, K. Stojanovic, N. Tiedtke, K. Toleikis, S. Tschentscher, T. Velyhan, A. Wabnitz, H. Zastrau, U. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Ablation of organic molecular solids by focused soft X-ray free-electron laser radiation SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID POLYMER ABLATION; NM; VACUUM; FILMS; PULSE; BEAM AB The first soft X-ray free-electron laser has recently been put into operation at DESY in Hamburg. Tunable soft X-ray coherent radiation can be generated at the FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg; formerly known as VUV FEL or TTF2 FEL). In the interaction experiments reported here, the laser system provided similar to 25-fs, similar to 10-mu J pulses of 32-nm radiation. We irradiated thin (500 nm) layers of poly (methyl methacrylate) - PMMA deposited on a silicon substrate by single, focused FLASH pulses. The pulse energy was adjusted using a gas attenuator. PMMA ablation characteristics were determined for these unique irradiation conditions. C1 [Chalupsky, J.; Juha, L.; Cihelka, J.; Hajkova, V.; Krasa, J.; Velyhan, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Chalupsky, J.; Cihelka, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. [Chalupsky, J.; Kuba, J.] Czech Tech Univ, Prague 11519 1, Czech Republic. [Bergh, M.; Caleman, C.; Hajdu, J.] Uppsala Univ, Biomed Ctr, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bionta, R. M.; Chapman, H.; Jurek, M.; London, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jurek, M.; Krzywinski, J.; Nietubyc, R.; Pelka, J. B.; Sobierajski, R.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Krenz-Tronnier, A.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sokolowski-Tinten, K.; Stojanovic, N.] Univ Duisburg Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany. [Tiedtke, K.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.; Wabnitz, H.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Zastrau, U.] Univ Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Chalupsky, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM chal@fzu.cz RI Sobierajski, Ryszard/E-7619-2012; Hajkova, Vera/G-9391-2014; Chalupsky, Jaromir/H-2079-2014; Krasa, Josef/C-1442-2014; Pelka, Jerzy/S-8587-2016 OI Krasa, Josef/0000-0002-3888-8370; Pelka, Jerzy/0000-0002-1863-8219 FU Czech Ministry of Education within INGO [1P2004LA235]; Czech Ministry of Education within 1K [1K05026]; National Research Center [LC510, LC528]; State Committee for Scientific Research of the Republic of Poland [72/E-67/SPB/5.PR UE/DZ 27/2003-2005]; Swedish Research Foundation; European Commission [G1MA-CI-2002-4017, CEPHEUS, II-02-049 FEL]; US Department of Energy; University of California,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was partially funded by the Czech Ministry of Education within the framework of programs INGO (Grant 1P2004LA235), 1K (Grant1K05026) and National Research Centers (Grants LC510 and LC528),State Committee for Scientific Research of the Republic of Poland (GrantNo72/E-67/SPB/5.PR UE/DZ 27/2003-2005), the Swedish Research Foundation and the European Commission (Grants G1MA-CI-2002-4017;CEPHEUS and II-02-049 FEL). This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 503 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100064 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Moon, SJ Smith, RF Keenan, R Nilsen, J Hunter, JR Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Shlyaptsev, VN AF Dunn, J. Moon, S. J. Smith, R. F. Keenan, R. Nilsen, J. Hunter, J. R. Filevich, J. Rocca, J. J. Marconi, M. C. Shlyaptsev, V. N. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Hydrodynamic simulations and soft x-ray laser interferometric studies of energy transport in tightly focused laser-heated aluminum plasmas SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID DIAGNOSTICS AB A plasma generated by a tightly focused similar to 14 mu m (FWHM), 600 ps duration laser beam at an irradiance of 10(13) W cm(-2) on a flat aluminum target is investigated. We report new findings that give a better understanding of the energy transport mechanisms in the measured plasma. The formation of a small, on-axis dip or concave electron density profile is observed. Detailed modeling of the spatial and temporal profile of a laser-produced plasma with the 2-D LASNEX hydrodynamics code gives good agreement with the observed features. The observed cold plasma formation along the target surface hundreds of microns away from the small focal spot is generated by heated material outside of the laser focus. Plasma generated by low intensity wings in the laser spatial profile is augmented by soft x-ray radiation from the hot coronal plasma heated by the laser. The simulations show that the x-ray heating will produce a plasma outside the focal spot without the low intensity wings. Strong thermal electron conductive heating due to large thermal gradients continues to generate ablation outside the laser spot and formation of lobes on each side of the focal spot. C1 [Dunn, J.; Moon, S. J.; Smith, R. F.; Keenan, R.; Nilsen, J.; Hunter, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Filevich, J.; Rocca, J. J.; Marconi, M. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Shlyaptsev, V. N.] Univ Calif Davis-Livermore, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG52-06NA26152] FX Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and in part by US Department of Energy grant No. #DE-FG52-06NA26152 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 535 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100069 ER PT S AU Rus, B Dunn, J Mocek, T Nelson, AJ Foord, ME Shepherd, R Rozmus, W Baldis, HA Kozlova, M Polan, J Homer, P Stupka, M AF Rus, B. Dunn, J. Mocek, T. Nelson, A. J. Foord, M. E. Shepherd, R. Rozmus, W. Baldis, H. A. Kozlova, M. Polan, J. Homer, P. Stupka, M. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI X-ray laser Thomson scattering at 21 nm of laser-heated high-density foil plasmas SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int AB Results of our preliminary studies for a demonstration of soft X-ray laser Thomson scattering in laser-produced dense plasma are presented. The investigated plasmas are produced by single-side heated foil targets using a 300-ps pulse of 438-nm wavelength at irradiances between 10(13) and 10(14) Wcm(-2). The Ne-like zinc X-ray laser, delivering similar to 1 mJ of focused energy at 21.2 nm, is injected to the plasma as the Thomson probe. The X-ray laser pulse is timed to arrive to the plasma 0.5 or 1 ns after the peak of the optical pulse, encountering electron densities in the range of 10(20)-10(22) cm(-3). The spectrum near 21 nm, emitted at similar to 30 degrees with respect to the incident X-ray laser, is analyzed by a flat-field spectrometer viewing through the back of the target. The results show that the choice of appropriate target material and thickness are essential to the success of this experiment. From the spectroscopic measurements using Al and polypropylene (CA) foils, the latter appears as a suitable candidate for Thomson scattering experiments near 21 nm. A weak spectral feature near 21.2 nm potentially indicating Thomson scattering was observed using a 1.2 mu m polypropylene foil. Further data analysis is required to support this conclusion. C1 [Rus, B.; Mocek, T.; Kozlova, M.; Polan, J.; Homer, P.; Stupka, M.] PALS Ctr, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Dunn, J.; Nelson, A. J.; Foord, M. E.; Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Rozmus, W.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Baldis, H. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rus, B (reprint author), PALS Ctr, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RI Mocek, Tomas/G-5344-2014; Homer, Pavel/G-8910-2014 FU US Department of Energy; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; LASERLAB Europe [RII3-CT-2003-506350]; Czech Grant Agency [202/05/2316]; Czech Ministry of Education [LC528] FX We thank M. Purvis of Colorado State University and S.J. Moon of LLNL for the HYDRA simulations. We thank C. Fortmann of Rostock University for assistance in the Thomson scattering cross-sections. The work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, and supported by LASERLAB Europe Access to Research Infrastructures activity Contract RII3-CT-2003-506350. Support of the Czech Grant Agency Contract No. 202/05/2316 and of the Centres of Fundamental Research Project LC528 of the Czech Ministry of Education is also acknowledged. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 577 EP + PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100075 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Widmann, K Shepherd, R Booth, R Fournier, KB Eng, CD Hansen, SB AF Dunn, J. Widmann, K. Shepherd, R. Booth, R. Fournier, K. B. Eng, C. D. Hansen, S. B. BE Nickles, PV Janulewicz, KA TI Time-resolved keV emission spectra from hot, dense buried layer K-shell and L-shell targets SO X-RAY LASERS 2006, PROCEEDINGS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Berlin, GABON SP Andor Technol, OptecBBe V, Inst Sci Instruments GmbH, Beliner Glas GmbH Int ID LASER-PULSES; TRANSPORT; ALUMINUM; PLASMA AB We report new time-resolved measurements for 50 nm thick Al and Ge buried layer targets. The top-coat thickness of carbon is varied between 0 and 100 nm. A single beam of the Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser is ;frequency doubled, at 527 nm wavelength, up to 1 J energy in a 500 fs (FWHM) pulse and focused to a maximum of 7 x 10(17) W cm(-2) with an off-axis parabola. An RbAP (001) von Hamos curved crystal spectrometer with an 500 fs x-ray streak camera is fielded to measure the time history of the Al n = 2 - 1 K-shell emission and the Ge n = 3 - 2 L-shell emission in the 7 - 10 A waveband. The main objective is to generate and study hot, T-e similar to 100 - 200 eV, dense, n(e) similar to 10(23) cm(-3), thermal plasmas in tamped optically thin targets under a range of laser irradiance conditions. We observe short-lived emission lasting a few picoseconds and indications of cooler, denser plasmas with increasing thickness of the tamping carbon layers. C1 [Dunn, J.; Widmann, K.; Shepherd, R.; Booth, R.; Fournier, K. B.; Eng, C. D.; Hansen, S. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU US Department of Energy; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX The authors would like to thank J. Hunter, R. Van Maren, A. Niles and C.Cadwalader for their excellent technical assistance. Thanks to J.McKenney of Sandia National Laboratory for manufacturing and characterizing the buried layer targets. Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0930-8989 BN 978-1-4020-6017-5 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 115 BP 643 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BGH29 UT WOS:000246952100081 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, I Yakimenko, V Pavlishin, I Shkolnikov, P Pukhov, A Kumita, T Azarov, M AF Pogorelsky, Igor Yakimenko, Vitaly Pavlishin, Igor Shkolnikov, Peter Pukhov, Alexander Kumita, Tetsuro Azarov, Mikhail BE Schuocker, D TI Bringing picosecond CO2 lasers to the forefront of strong-field applications - art. no. 63460Z SO XVI International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Gmunden, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol, Argelas-Austrian Laser Assoc, Bundesminist Verkehr Innovat & Technol, Schoellerbank-Die Privatbank Iher Nahe, USA Force Res Lav, Air Force Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Blue Danube Airport Linz, Osterreich Gesell Technol, Reg Traunsee, Fronius Int GmbH, Rofin-Sinar Laser GmbH, Trotec Produkt-u Vertriebs GmbH, Trumpf Masch Austria GmbH & Co KG, Erste Bank, Swarovski Opt, European Opt Soc DE CO2; laser; picosecond pulses; ion; proton acceleration; Compton scattering ID GENERATION; PULSES AB The picosecond CO2 gas laser has proven a valuable tool in strong-field physics applications. We review the merits of this approach, taking as an example, the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) that affords a platform for exploring novel methods of particle acceleration and radiation sources. To carry out this mission, the ATF is equipped with a picosecond terawatt CO2 laser system, PITER-I. We describe the physical principles and architecture of this multi-stage laser system and its application in two high-energy physics projects. The first is the intense Thomson scattering of the CO, beam from 60 MeV electrons with production of one x-ray photon per electron that opened the possibility for a Compton gamma-source generating a polarized positron beam for the next generation of electron-positron colliders, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). The second is our new study of a high-brightness multi-MeV ion- and proton-beam source energized by this picosecond CO2 laser. High-energy, collimated particle beams originate from the rear surface of the laser-irradiated foils. The expected advantage from using a CO, laser for this application, rather than an ultra-fast solid- state laser, is the 100-fold increase in the electron ponderomotive potential due to the tenfold longer wavelength of the CO2 laser. This innovation promises to substantially enhance energy efficiency and particle yield, and will facilitate the advancement of laser-driven ion accelerators towards practical applications. Finally, we address possibilities for generating CO, laser pulses of petawatt peak power and a few-cycles duration. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6430-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6346 BP Z3460 EP Z3460 AR 63460Z DI 10.1117/12.738080 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGL40 UT WOS:000248189400034 ER PT S AU Bartlett, PL Stelbovics, AT Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW AF Bartlett, Philip L. Stelbovics, Andris T. Rescigno, Thomas N. McCurdy, C. William BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Electron- and positron-impact atomic scattering calculations using propagating exterior complex scaling SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID BREAKUP AB Calculations are reported for four-body electron-helium collisions and positron-hydrogen collisions, in the 5-wave model, using the time-independent propagating exterior complex scaling (PECS) method. The PECS S-wave calculations for three-body processes in electron-helium collisions compare favourably with previous convergent close-coupling (CCC) and time-dependent exterior complex scaling (ECS) calculations, and exhibit smooth cross section profiles. The PECS four-body double-excitation cross sections are significantly different from CCC calculations and highlight the need for an accurate representation of the resonant helium final-state wave functions when undertaking these calculations. Results are also presented for positron-hydrogen collisions in an S-wave model using an electron-positron potential of V-12 = -(8 + (r(1) - r(2))(2))(-1/2). This model is representative of the full problem, and the results demonstrate that ECS-based methods can accurately calculate scattering, ionization and positronium formation cross sections in this three-body rearrangement collision. C1 [Bartlett, Philip L.] Murdoch Univ, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Stelbovics, Andris T.] Curtin Univ, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Rescigno, Thomas N.; McCurdy, C. William] Dept Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCurdy, C. William] Dept Appl Sci, Dept Chem, Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bartlett, PL (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. EM p.bartlett@murdoch.edu.au FU Australian Research Council Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies; US Department of Energy; OBES, Division of Chemical Sciences; National Science Foundation [PHY-0604628] FX P.L.B. and A.T.S. would like to acknowledge the Financial support of the Australian Research Council Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies and thank the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing for providing the supercomputing facilities to support this project. Work by T.N.R. and C.W.M. performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and supported by the OBES, Division of Chemical Sciences. C.W.M. also acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-0604628). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012011 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300011 ER PT S AU DiMauro, LF Arthur, J Berrah, N Bozek, J Galayda, JN Hastings, J AF DiMauro, L. F. Arthur, J. Berrah, N. Bozek, J. Galayda, J. N. Hastings, J. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Progress report on the LCLS XFEL at SLAC SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID X-RAY; EMISSION AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Project will be an x-ray free-electron laser. It is intended to produce pulses of 800-8,000 eV photons. Each pulse, produced with a repetition frequency of up to 120 Hz, will provide >10(12) photons within a duration of less than 200 femtoseconds. The project employs the last kilometer of the SLAC linac to provide a low-emittance electron beam in the energy range 4-14 GeV to a single undulator. Two experiment halls, located 100 m and 350 m from the undulator exit, will house six experiment stations for research in atomic/molecular physics, pump-probe dynamics of materials and chemical processes, x-ray imaging of clusters and complex molecules, and plasma physics. Engineering design activities began in 2003, and the project is to be completed in the middle of 2010. The project design permits straightforward expansion of the LCLS to multiple undulators. C1 [DiMauro, L. F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Arthur, J.; Bozek, J.; Galayda, J. N.; Hastings, J.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP DiMauro, LF (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dimauro@mps.ohio-state.edu RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 FU Edward & Sylvia Hagenlocker Chair at The Ohio State University FX LFD acknowledges support from the Edward & Sylvia Hagenlocker Chair at The Ohio State University. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012058 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300058 ER PT S AU Mestayer, JJ Zhao, W Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB Yoshida, S Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Mestayer, J. J. Zhao, W. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. Yoshida, S. Reinhold, C. O. Burgdoerfer, J. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Electric dipole echoes and noise-induced decoherence SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH AB The generation of echoes in the electric dipole moment of a Rydberg wavepacket precessing in an external electric field by reversal of the field is described. When the wavepacket experiences reversible dephasing, large echoes are observed pointing to strong refocusing of the wavepacket. The presence of irreversible dephasing leads to a reduction in the size of the echoes. The effect of irreversible dynamics on echoes is investigated using artificially synthesized noise. Methods to determine the decoherence rate are discussed. C1 [Mestayer, J. J.; Zhao, W.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Yoshida, S.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Reinhold, C. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dunning, FB (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 FU FWF (Austria); US DoE; NSF FX Research supported by the FWF (Austria), the US DoE, the NSF and the Robert A Welch Foundation NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012055 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012055 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300055 ER PT S AU Muller, A Schippers, S Phaneuf, RA Habibi, M Esteves, D Wang, JC Kilcoyne, ALD Aguilar, A Yang, S Dunsch, L AF Mueller, A. Schippers, S. Phaneuf, R. A. Habibi, M. Esteves, D. Wang, J. C. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Aguilar, A. Yang, S. Dunsch, L. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Photoionization of the endohedral fullerene ions Sc3N@C-80(+) and Ce@C-82(+) by synchrotron radiation SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID TRANSMISSION; C-60 AB The first experimental results on photoionization of mass-selected endohedral Sc3N@C-80(+) and Ce@C-82(+) fullerene ions are reported. The merged-beams technique was employed to measure photo-ion yield spectra as well as absolute cross sections. Comparing the results of endohedral fullerenes with those obtained using "empty" C-80(+) and C-82(+) ions provides insight into the mutual influence of the fullerene cage and the encapsulated atom or molecule on one another in photoabsorption processes. C1 [Mueller, A.; Schippers, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Molphys, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Phaneuf, R. A.; Habibi, M.; Esteves, D.; Wang, J. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Aguilar, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yang, S.; Dunsch, L.] Leibniz Inst faur Festkaorper & Werkstorfo, Dresden, Germany. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Molphys, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. EM Alfred.Mueller@iamp.physik.uni-giessen.de RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Christian KAastner (IFW Dresden/TU Ilmenau) for experimental work in the fullerene preparation. Support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy is gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012038 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012038 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300038 ER PT S AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Loch, SD Berengut, JC Colgan, J Foster, M Griffin, DC Ballance, CP Badnell, NR Witthoeft, MC Schultz, DR Minami, T AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Loch, S. D. Berengut, J. C. Colgan, J. Foster, M. Griffin, D. C. Ballance, C. P. Badnell, N. R. Witthoeft, M. C. Schultz, D. R. Minami, T. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Time-dependent close-coupling calculations of atomic and molecular collision processes SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTION; DOUBLE-PHOTOIONIZATION; HYDROGEN; HELIUM; THRESHOLD; STATES; IONS; H-2 AB Over the last decade, the time-dependent close-coupling (TDCC) method has been applied to calculate cross sections and rates for a variety of atomic and molecular collision processes[1]. Many of the processes examined axe critical for advances in astrophysics, chemical sciences, and controlled fusion energy. In the following sections we will present recent results for the electron-impact single ionization of atoms, the single photon double ionization of atoms, the electron-impact double ionization of atoms, the single photon triple ionization of atoms, the electron-impact single ionization of molecules, and the single photon double ionization of molecules. Unless otherwise indicated, we use atomic units throughout this report. C1 [Pindzola, M. S.; Robicheaux, F.; Loch, S. D.; Berengut, J. C.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Colgan, J.; Foster, M.] Theoretical Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Griffin, D. C.; Ballance, C. P.] Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Badnell, N. R.; Witthoeft, M. C.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Schultz, D. R.; Minami, T.] Div Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Berengut, Julian/A-1764-2010; Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Computational support was provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Oakland, California and the National Center for Computational Science in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012012 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300012 ER PT S AU Reinhold, CO Seliger, M Minami, T Yoshida, S Burgdorfer, J Mestayer, JJ Zhao, W Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB AF Reinhold, C. O. Seliger, M. Minami, T. Yoshida, S. Burgdoerfer, J. Mestayer, J. J. Zhao, W. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Open quantum system approach in multiple atomic collisions in solids and gases SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID TRANSPORT; ENERGIES; FOILS; IONS AB A theoretical framework is briefly reviewed that treats the multiple collisions that a quantum system undergoes with particles in its environment. The dynamics is governed by the quantum Lindblad master equation for the density matrix, which can be solved using a Monte Carlo technique. Its classical limit is identified and provides an opportunity to study the role of decoherence in the quantum to classical transition. Applications are discussed related to the dynamics of ions and atoms interacting with solids and gases, and Rydberg wavepackets subject to coloured noise. C1 [Reinhold, C. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Minami, T.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Seliger, M.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Yoshida, S.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Mestayer, J. J.; Zhao, W.; Lancaster, J. C.; Dunning, F. B.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Reinhold, CO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reinhold@ornl.gov OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 FU OBES; U.S. DoE (Austria) [DE-AC05-00OR22725, FWF-SFB-F016, FWF-P173591, HPRI-CT-2005- 026015]; NSF; Robert A. Welch Foundation; ONR FX This research is supported by the OBES, U.S. DoE to ORNL managed by the UT-Batelle LLC under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, the FWF-SFB-F016 and FWF-P173591 HPRI-CT-2005- 026015 (Austria), the NSF, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, and the ONR. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012030 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300030 ER PT S AU Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Haxton, DJ Trevisan, CS Orel, AE AF Rescigno, T. N. McCurdy, C. W. Haxton, D. J. Trevisan, C. S. Orel, A. E. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Nuclear dynamics in resonant electron collisions with small polyatomic molecules SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID ATTACHMENT; ENERGY; WATER AB The excitation and dissociation of polyatomic molecules by low-energy electron impact can be dominated by resonant collision processes. The formal resonance theory that has formed the basis for much of our understanding of these processes has, for the most part, treated the nuclear dynamics in one dimension. This talk will focus on dramatic effects in low energy electron scattering by small molecules that are purely polyatomic in origin and that can only be studied with a multi-dimensional treatment of the dissociation dynamics. Resonant vibrational excitation of CO2 and dissociative electron attachment to formic acid are briefly described to illustrate the discussion. The talk will then concentrate on the recent progress that has been made in studying dissociative electron attachment to water, including a completely ab initio evaluation of the three complex-valued resonance potential surfaces involved as well as the dynamical studies, carried out in full dimensionality, that give the state-specific cross sections and branching ratios into various two- and three-body channels. C1 [Rescigno, T. N.; McCurdy, C. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCurdy, C. W.; Trevisan, C. S.; Orel, A. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haxton, D. J.] Univ Colorado Museum, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rescigno, TN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tnrescigno@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences; National Science Foundation FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences. CWM and AEO acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012027 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300027 ER PT S AU Rolles, D Pesic, ZD Zhang, H Bilodeau, RC Bozek, JD Berrah, N AF Rolles, D. Pesic, Z. D. Zhang, H. Bilodeau, R. C. Bozek, J. D. Berrah, N. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Size effects in van der Waals clusters studied by spin and angle-resolved electron spectroscopy and multi-coincidence ion imaging SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID POLARIZED SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOELECTRON; ARGON CLUSTERS; ENERGY SHIFTS; XE CLUSTERS; XENON; FRAGMENTATION; KRYPTON; PHOTOEMISSION; IONIZATION AB We have studied the valence and inner-shell photoionization of free rare-gas clusters by means of angle and spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and momentum resolving electron-multi-ion coincidence spectroscopy. The electron measurements probe the evolution of the photoelectron angular distribution and spin polarization parameters as a function of photon energy and cluster size, and reveal a strong cluster size dependence of the photoelectron angular distributions in certain photon energy regions. In contrast, the spin polarization parameter of the cluster photoelectrons is found to be very close to the atomic value for all covered photon energies and cluster sizes. The ion imaging measurements, which probe the fragmentation dynamics of multiply charged van der Waals clusters, also exhibit a pronounced cluster size dependence. C1 [Rolles, D.; Pesic, Z. D.; Zhang, H.; Bilodeau, R. C.; Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Rolles, D.; Pesic, Z. D.; Bilodeau, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bozek, J. D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rolles, D (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM DRolles@lbl.gov RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 FU DOE, Office of Science, BES, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Divisions; Alexander von Humboldt foundation FX This work is funded by DOE, Office of Science, BES, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Divisions. DR is grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for support through the Feodor Lynen program. We acknowledge the experimental support from M. Wiedenhoeft, A. Wills, D. Kilcoyne, B. Rude, G. Ackermann, E. Kukk, G. Turri, and I. Dimitriu during many beamtimes at the Advance Light Source, and the theoretical support by R. Diez Mui~no and F. J. Garcia de Abajo, who have provided the multiple scattering calculations shown in section 2. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012003 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300003 ER PT S AU Santra, R Buth, C Peterson, ER Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L AF Santra, R. Buth, C. Peterson, E. R. Dunford, R. W. Kanter, E. P. Kraessig, B. Southworth, S. H. Young, L. BE Becker, U Moshammer, R Mokler, P Ullrich, J TI Strong-field control of x-ray absorption SO XXV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 25-31, 2007 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell, Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Deutsche Forschungsgemein, IUPAP, Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Land Baden Wurttemberg, Coherent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Linde Kryotech GmbH, Kapteyn Murnane Lab, SAES Getters, iseg high voltage, IOP Electron Journals, Univ Kassels, Agilent Technologies, FEMTOLASERS GmbH ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; MOLECULES; LASER; PHOTOIONIZATION; DEPENDENCE; ATOMS AB Strong optical laser fields modify the way x rays interact with matter. This allows us to use x rays to gain deeper insight into strong-field processes. Alternatively, optical lasers may be utilized to control the propagation of x rays through a medium. Gas-phase systems are particularly suitable for illustrating the basic principles underlying combined x-ray and laser interactions. Topics addressed include the impact of spin-orbit interaction on the alignment of atomic ions produced in a strong laser field, electromagnetically induced transparency in the x-ray regime, and laser-induced alignment of molecules. C1 [Santra, R.; Buth, C.; Peterson, E. R.; Dunford, R. W.; Kanter, E. P.; Kraessig, B.; Southworth, S. H.; Young, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rsantra@anl.gov OI Buth, Christian/0000-0002-5866-3443 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We would like to thank D A Arms, D L Ederer, E C Landahl and S T Pratt for their assistance with some of the experiments. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. C Buth was partly supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 88 AR UNSP 012052 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012052 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHR28 UT WOS:000255634300052 ER PT J AU Hartl, MA Williams, DJ Acatrinei, AI Stowe, A Daemen, LL AF Hartl, M. A. Williams, D. J. Acatrinei, A. I. Stowe, A. Daemen, L. L. TI The crystal structure of trimethyl borate by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE trimethyl borate; trimethoxyborane; neutron powder diffraction; X-ray powder diffraction; crystal structure; boron compounds AB The crystal structure of one of the simplest organoboron compounds, trimethyl borate does not appear to have been determined hitherto. The compound is of interest for the study of pi-donor ligands and their interaction with the pi-acceptor behavior of trigonal boron and the consequences of such interactions on molecular structure. We used powder neutron (with isotopically labeled material) and X-ray diffraction to determine the crystal structure of trimethyl borate at 15 K and 200 K (neutron) and 200 K (X-ray). The material is hexagonal (Z = 2) with a b = 6.950(8) angstrom and c = 6.501(3) angstrom at 15 K. The unit cell volume is 272.00(1) angstrom(3). The space group is P6(3)/M (SG 176) at 15 K and 200 K. This is the first crystal structure solved on the Neutron Powder Diffractometer (NPDF) at the Lujan Center. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Energy Secur Dept, Aiken, SC USA. RP Daemen, LL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lld@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016 OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2007 VL 633 IS 1 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1002/zaac.200600229 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 123QJ UT WOS:000243310100016 ER PT J AU Palasyuk, A Corbett, JD AF Palasyuk, Andriy Corbett, John D. TI Synthesis and structure of BaPtIn3 and BaTl0.63In3.33. Two contrasting examples of preferential site occupation in BaAl4-Type structures SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE polar intermetallics; crystal chemistry; metal substitution reactions; structure; bonding ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; GOLD SUBSTITUTION; ZINTL BOUNDARY; REPRESENTATIVES; CAZN2AL2; NETWORK; METALS; SR; BA; AU AB The title compounds have been synthesised by high temperature means and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds crystallize in the tetragonal structure type of BaAl4, 14/mmm, Z = 2 (a = 4.8130(7), 5.0196(8) A; c = 11.669(2), 11.900(3) A for BaPtIn3 and BaTl0.63In3.37 respectively).Platinum and thallium randomly substitute for 50% of the In in the apical 4e and for 30% in the basal 4d positions in the two networks, respectively. Consistent with both size and relative electronegativity factors, the basal positions in BaAl4-type structure are appropriate for substitution by dimensionally and chemically similar atoms (Tl), which is different from the apical sites in which electronegativities or bond strengths are more important (Pt). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, 353 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PY 2007 VL 633 IS 15 BP 2563 EP 2567 DI 10.1002/zaac.200700358 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 229MU UT WOS:000250808900006 ER PT J AU Stelmakh, S Grzanka, E Wojdyr, M Proffen, T Vogel, SC Zerda, TW Palosz, W Palosz, B AF Stelmakh, Svitlana Grzanka, Ewa Wojdyr, Marcin Proffen, Thomas Vogel, Sven C. Zerda, T. Waldek Palosz, Witold Palosz, Bogdan TI Neutron diffraction studies of the atomic thermal vibrations in complex materials: application of the Wilson method to examination of micro- and nano-crystalline SiC SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; atomic vibrations; silicon carbide; Wilson method ID NANOCRYSTALS; HEAT AB The Wilson method was applied for determination of the thermal atomic motions in micro- and nanocrystalline SiC. Limitations of application of this method to examination of complex materials with atoms vibrating with more that one amplitude were discussed. It is shown that a unique interpretation of Wilson plots for crystals with more than one type of atoms and weak vibration component(s) requires measurements performed up to a very large diffraction vector Q (> 25 angstrom(-1)). Atomic vibrations in microcrystalline SiC were evaluated based on the diffractograms calculated for models built assuming different mean square atomic displacements (vibration amplitudes) of the component atoms. For nanocrystalline SiC two different temperature atomic factors which describe vibrations of the atoms in the grain interior (B-core) and at its surface (B-shell) were determined. C1 UNIPRESS, Inst High Pressure Phys, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, BAE Syst, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Stelmakh, S (reprint author), UNIPRESS, Inst High Pressure Phys, Ul Sokolowska 29-37, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. EM svrit@unipress.waw.pl RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Wojdyr, Marcin/N-5686-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Wojdyr, Marcin/0000-0003-3980-4092; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 3-4 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.3-4.174 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 150DD UT WOS:000245194900008 ER PT J AU Feuerbacher, M Thomas, C Makongo, JPA Hoffmann, S Carrillo-Cabrera, W Cardoso, R Grin, Y Kreiner, G Joubert, JM Schenk, T Gastaldi, J Nguyen-Thi, H Mangelinck-Noel, N Billia, B Donnadieu, P Czyrska-Filemonowicz, A Zielinska-Lipiec, A Dubiel, B Weber, T Schaub, P Krauss, G Gramlich, V Christensen, J Lidin, S Fredrickson, D Mihalkovic, M Sikora, W Malinowski, J Bruhne, S Proffen, T Assmus, W de Boissieu, M Bley, F Chemin, JL Schreuer, J Steurer, W AF Feuerbacher, Michael Thomas, Carsten Makongo, Julien P. A. Hoffmann, Stefan Carrillo-Cabrera, Wilder Cardoso, Raul Grin, Yuri Kreiner, Guido Joubert, Jean-Marc Schenk, Thomas Gastaldi, Joseph Nguyen-Thi, Henri Mangelinck-Noel, Nathalie Billia, Bernard Donnadieu, Patricia Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Aleksandra Zielinska-Lipiec, Anna Dubiel, Beata Weber, Thomas Schaub, Philippe Krauss, Gdnter Gramlich, Volker Christensen, Jeppe Lidin, Sven Fredrickson, Daniel Mihalkovic, Marek Sikora, Wieslawa Malinowski, Janusz Bruehne, Stefan Proffen, Thomas Assmus, Wolf de Boissieu, Marc Bley, Francoise Chemin, Jean-Louis Schreuer, Juergen Steurer, Walter TI The samson phase, beta-Mg2Al3, revisited SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE magnesium aluminides; Samson phase; powder diffiraction structure analysis; X-ray diffiraction; electron microscopy; microstructure; elastic parameters; CMA ID ALTERNATIVE DESCRIPTION; ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM; QUASI-CRYSTALS; RAY; RADIOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; SYSTEM; ALLOYS; GRAINS; NACD2 AB The Al-Mg phase diagram has been reinvestigated in the vicinity of the stability range of the Samson phase, beta-Mg2Al3 (cF1168). For the composition Mg38.5Al61.5, this cubic phase, space group Fd (3) over barm (no 227), a = 28.242(1) angstrom, V = 22526(2) angstrom(3), undergoes at 214 degrees C a first-order phase transition to rhombohedral beta'-Mg2Al3 (hR293), a 19.968(1) angstrom, c = 48.9114(8) angstrom, V = 16889(2) angstrom(3), (i.e. 22519 angstrom(3) for the equivalent cubic unit cell) space group R3m (no 160), a subgroup of index four of Fd (3) over barm. The structure of the beta-phase has been redetermined at ambient temperature as well as in situ at 400 degrees C. It essentially agrees with Samson's model, even in most of the many partially occupied and split positions. The structure of beta'-Mg2Al3 is closely related to that of the beta-phase. Its atomic sites can be derived from those of the beta-phase by group-theoretical considerations. The main difference between the two structures is that all atomic sites are fully occupied in case of the beta'-phase. The reciprocal space, Bragg as well as diffuse scattering, has been explored as function of temperature and the beta- to beta'-phase transition was studied in detail. The microstructures of both phases have been analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray topography showing them highly defective. Finally, the thermal expansion coefficients and elastic parameters have been determined. Their values are somewhere in between those of Al and Mg. C1 ETH, Crystallog Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Stockholm Univ, Arrhenius Lab, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, M Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Mikrostructurforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. CNRS, Lab Chim Met Terres Rares, F-94320 Thiais, France. Ecole Mines Nancy, LPM, F-54042 Nancy, France. CRMCN, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Paul Cezanne, L2MP, UMR 6137, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Ecole Natl Super Electrochim & Electrome Grenoble, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS,UMR 5614, Lab Thermodynam & Physicochim Met, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Met Engn & Ind Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Steurer, W (reprint author), ETH, Crystallog Lab, Wolfgang Pauli Str 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM steurer@mat.ethz.ch RI Christensen, Jeppe/B-3019-2009; Schreuer, Juergen/F-7843-2011; Steurer, Walter/A-3278-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Steurer, Walter/B-6929-2008; Joubert, Jean-Marc/A-1259-2013; Dubiel, Beata/A-2796-2013; Feuerbacher, Michael/K-3768-2013; Mangelinck-Noel, Nathalie/B-9737-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Nguyen-Thi, Henri/D-5174-2012; d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015; OI Steurer, Walter/0000-0003-0211-7088; Feuerbacher, Michael/0000-0003-2882-4960; Mangelinck-Noel, Nathalie/0000-0001-8570-6464; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Schenk, Thomas/0000-0003-4502-7488 NR 45 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 20 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 6 BP 259 EP 288 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.6.259 PG 30 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 183ZG UT WOS:000247610300001 ER PT J AU Smrcok, L Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Sladkovicova, M Mach, P AF Smrcok, L'ubomir Piccoli, Paula M. Briggs Schultz, Arthur J. Sladkovicova, Mariana Mach, Pavel TI On hydrogen bonding in 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol (TRIS) - variable temperature neutron single crystal and DFT study SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; POLY(HYDROXYMETHYL) COMPOUNDS; AB-INITIO; 1,6-ANHYDRO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE LEVOGLUCOSAN; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; DIFFRACTION DATA; X-RAY; TRIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)AMINOMETHANE; POLYMORPHISM AB The geometry of hydrogen bonds in 2-amino3-hydroxymethyl- 1,3-propane diol (TRIS) was accurately determined by single crystal TOF neutron diffraction at 30 K, 100 K and 170 K. The structure of TRIS can be formally described as a structure formed by layers of molecules stacked along the b-axis. Within the layers the molecules are coupled by O-H...O'/N hydrogen bonds, while the adjacent layers are linked by weaker N-H...O bonds. Weak intramolecular C-H...O contacts stabilize the molecule. Refined anisotropic displacement parameters are analyzed using the TLS approach at each temperature. Frequencies of translational and librational modes are compared to those obtained by solid state calculations. Molecular DFT calculations with simulated crystal environment were used to reveal the influence of hydrogen bonds on molecule's geometry. The shape the molecule has in the crystal is not optimal under the absence of extemal forces and in the structure is maintained at the expense of similar to 33 kcal/mol. Comparison of molecular and solid state DFT frequency calculations predicts red shifts of O-H stretching frequencies due to formation of hydrogen bonds. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smrcok, L (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM lubomir.smrcok@savba.sk NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 10 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.10.555 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 235WE UT WOS:000251264200009 ER PT J AU Constantinides, MG Jaeger, HM Li, XF Wang, J Lin, XM AF Constantinides, Michael G. Jaeger, Heinrich M. Li, Xuefa Wang, Jin Lin, Xiao-Min TI The formation and characterization of three-dimensional gold nanocrystal superlattices SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE nanocrystals; nanoparticles; self-assembly; GISAXS; supercrystals; superlattices ID MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SILVER; NANOPARTICLES; MONOLAYERS; ARRAYS; ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; AU(111) AB Highly-ordered, three-dimensional superlattices were self-assembled from dodecanethiol-ligated gold nanocrystals using a simple drop-drying technique. The superlattices had the shape of truncated pyramids (frustums) and reached lateral dimensions of several micrometers. The formation and thermal stability were studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. We found that the superlattice frustums adopt an hcp packing structure. When annealed above 50 degrees C in vacuum, the lattices started to disorder and the average lattice spacing was observed to decrease. This could be associated with the onset of a ligand melting transition as well as the continuous desorption of ligands in vacuum. C1 [Lin, Xiao-Min] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Constantinides, Michael G.; Jaeger, Heinrich M.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Li, Xuefa; Wang, Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, XM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xmlin@anl.gov OI Constantinides, Michael/0000-0003-4770-7751 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 11 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.11.595 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 250VT UT WOS:000252330100004 ER PT J AU Gateshki, M Chen, Q Peng, LM Chupas, P Petkov, V AF Gateshki, Milen Chen, Qing Peng, Lian-Mao Chupas, Peter Petkov, Valeri TI Structure of nanosized materials by high-energy X-ray diffraction study of titanate nanotubes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE synchrotron X-ray diffraction; high energy X-ray diffraction; nanotubes; titanate ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURE; NANOSTRUCTURES; STABILITY; PROGRAM AB High-energy X-ray diffraction and atomic Pair Distribution Function analysis are employed to determine the atomic-scale structure of titanate nanotubes. It is found that the nanotube walls are built of layers of Ti-O-6 octahedra simular to those observed in crystalline layered titanates. In the nanotubes, however, the layers are bent and not stacked in perfect registry as in the crystal. C1 [Gateshki, Milen; Petkov, Valeri] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Chen, Qing] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chen, Qing] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Peng, Lian-Mao; Chupas, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Chen, Qing/C-9010-2009 OI Chen, Qing/0000-0002-7919-5159 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 11 BP 612 EP 616 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.11.612 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 250VT UT WOS:000252330100007 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Egami, T Swider-Lyons, KE Yan, WF Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Dmowski, Wojtek Egami, Takeshi Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Yan, Wen-Fu Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI Local atomic structure in disordered and nanocrystalline catalytic materials SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE pair distribution function; X-ray scattering; nanocrystalline materials; catalysts ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CO OXIDATION; GOLD; NEUTRON; OXIDES; RU AB The power of the atomic pair density function method to study the local atomic structure of dispersed materials is discussed for three examples (I) supercapacitor hydrous ruthenia, (II) electroctalyst platinum-iron phosphate and (III) nanoparticle gold catalyst. Hydrous ruthenia appears to be amorphous, but was found to be nano-composite with RUO2 nanocrystals supporting electronic and hydrous boundaries protonic conductivity. A platinum-iron phosphate electrocatalyst, that exhibits activity for the oxygen reduction reaction has platinum in a nonmetallic state. In catalysts comprised of gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2, atomic correlations in the second atomic shell were observed suggesting interaction with the support that could modify gold chemical activity. C1 [Dmowski, Wojtek; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi; Yan, Wen-Fu; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA ROSENHEIMER STR 143, D-81671 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 11 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.11.617 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 250VT UT WOS:000252330100008 ER PT J AU Zuo, JM Kim, T Celik-Aktas, A Tao, J AF Zuo, Jian-Min Kim, Taekyung Celik-Aktas, Ayten Tao, Jing TI Quantitative structural analysis of individual nanotubes by electron diffraction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE nanotube structure analysis; electron diffraction; single wall carbon nanotube; multiwall carbon nanotube; chiral vector determination ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DIAMETER; BUNDLES AB A general method for quantitative structure analysis of individual, cylindrical, carbon nanotubes is described here. The method is based on electron diffraction of individual nanotubes and analysis using a combination of helical diffraction theory and diffraction geometry of the underlying lattice. Experimental recording of nanotube diffraction is achieved using a nanometer-sized electron beam. Procedures are developed for 1) the measurement of chiral angles in both single- and multi-wall nanotubes and 2) structure determination based on Bessel function fitting of layer line intensity oscillations. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated for the structure determination of a single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes and partial structural analysis of a multiwall carbon nanotube. The results show that the single-, double- and incommensurate multi-wall tubes are well described by the cylindrical tube model. However, a large Debye-Waller factor in the radial direction is obtained. The method developed here is general and can be applied to other cylindrical nanotubes. C1 [Zuo, Jian-Min; Kim, Taekyung; Celik-Aktas, Ayten] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zuo, Jian-Min; Kim, Taekyung; Celik-Aktas, Ayten] Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tao, Jing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zuo, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM jianzuo@uiuc.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 VL 222 IS 11 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1524/zkri.2007.222.11.625 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 250VT UT WOS:000252330100009 ER PT J AU Margiolaki, I Wrigh, JP Fitch, AN Fox, GC Labrador, A Von Dreele, RB Miura, K Gozzo, F Schiltz, M Besnard, C Camus, F Pattison, P Beckers, D Degen, T AF Margiolaki, I. Wrigh, J. P. Fitch, A. N. Fox, G. C. Labrador, A. Von Dreele, R. B. Miura, K. Gozzo, F. Schiltz, M. Besnard, C. Camus, F. Pattison, P. Beckers, D. Degen, T. TI Powder diffraction studies on proteins: An overview of data collection approaches SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY SEP 01-04, 2006 CL Univ Geneva, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO Univ Geneva DE powder diffraction; synchrotron radiation; protein crystallography ID SWISS LIGHT-SOURCE; MATERIALS SCIENCE BEAMLINE; AMYLOID-FORMING PEPTIDE; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALS; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; REFINEMENT; BINDING AB Following the seminal work of Von Dreele, high quality powder X-ray diffraction studies on proteins are being established as a valuable complernentary technique to singlecrystal measurements. Several studies using a variety of experiments approaches have been reported in the literature, including high-resolution studies employing parallel beam geornetry and high intensity measurements using position sensitive detectors. Tile choice of the optimum instrumental configuration depends on a number of competing factors such as the amount of sample available, its radiation sensitivity, and the quality of the data required for data analysis, e.g. angular resolution, the extent of the data in d-spacing, or the number of patterns required to explore the protein's behaviour at different temperatures, or under different crystallisation conditions, etc. Here we discuss several advantages and disadvantages of different data collection methods followed for selected examples of small proteins. C1 [Margiolaki, I.; Wrigh, J. P.; Fitch, A. N.; Fox, G. C.; Labrador, A.; Pattison, P.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Von Dreele, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gozzo, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, Villigen, Switzerland. [Schiltz, M.; Besnard, C.; Camus, F.; Pattison, P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Beckers, D.; Degen, T.] PANalytical, Almelo, Netherlands. RP Margiolaki, I (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM margiolaki@esrf.fr RI Besnard, celine/L-6207-2015 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 SU 26 BP 1 EP 13 PN 1 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 341XH UT WOS:000258748400003 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, VK Mudryk, Y Gschneldner, KA AF Pecharsky, V. K. Mudryk, Ya. Gschneldner, K. A., Jr. TI In-situ powder diffraction in high magnetic fields SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY SEP 01-04, 2006 CL Univ Geneva, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO Univ Geneva DE powder diffraction; phase transformations; temperature; magnetic field ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-LATTICE; ND0.5SR0.5MNO3; TRANSITION AB By coupling a rotating anode powder diffractometer with a continUOUS-flOW liquid helium-cooled cryostat and a split-coil superconducting magnet, Rietveld-quality powder diffraction data have been obtained between 5 and 3 15 K in magnetic fields reaching 4 T. A typical experiment quantifying both the phase composition and changes in the unit cell dimensions and phase volume(s) may be carried Out in as little as ten to twenty minutes. A few hours long experiment is sufficient to provide detailed information about the individual atomic parameters. Both massive and subtle field-induced structural changes have been detected, providing structural data needed to develop a better understanding of structureproperty relationships of solids. C1 [Pecharsky, V. K.; Mudryk, Ya.; Gschneldner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pecharsky, V. K.; Gschneldner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 SU 26 BP 139 EP 145 PN 1 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 341XH UT WOS:000258748400021 ER PT J AU Bozin, ES Qiu, X Worhatch, RJ Paglia, G Schmidt, M Radaelli, PG Mitchell, JF Chatterji, T Proffen, T Billinge, SJL AF Bozin, E. S. Qiu, X. Worhatch, R. J. Paglia, G. Schmidt, M. Radaelli, P. G. Mitchell, J. F. Chatterji, T. Proffen, Th. Billinge, S. J. L. TI Utilizing total scattering to study the Jahn-Teller transition in La1-xCaxMnO3 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE total scattering; atomic pair distribution function; CMR manganites ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MANGANITES AB Total scattering based atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, with the advent of high data throughput neutron powder diffractometers, helps understanding the nature of the Jahn-Teller (IT) phase transition in La1-xCaxMnO3 colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites. The JT distortion of the MnO6 octahedra, is long-range ordered in the orthorhombic (O) phase, but disappears in the pseudo-cubic (O') phase crystallographically. An anomalous unit cell volume contraction occurs at the transition. The PDF study indicates that the distortion persists locally deep in the O' phase, contrary to the crystallographic view. Simultaneously, local structural features observed in PDF at 10.3 angstrom, sensitive to the oxygen sublattice changes, evolve dramatically across the transition. The same effect is observed irrespective of the way the O-O' phase boundary is crossed: it is seen both in the temperature series data for x=0, and in the doping series data at 310 K and at 550 K. C1 [Bozin, E. S.; Qiu, X.; Worhatch, R. J.; Paglia, G.; Billinge, S. J. L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schmidt, M.; Radaelli, P. G.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Mitchell, J. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chatterji, T.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Proffen, Th.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bozin, ES (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bozin@pa.msu.edu RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Chatterji, Tapan/0000-0002-2303-8904 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2007 SU 26 BP 429 EP 434 PN 2 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 265EC UT WOS:000253340900036 ER PT J AU Schroder, L AF Schroeder, Leif TI Hyperfine structure analysis in magnetic resonance spectroscopy: From astrophysical measurements towards endogenous biosensors in human tissue SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR MEDIZINISCHE PHYSIK LA German DT Review DE H-1-NMR; P-31-NMR; in vivo spectroscopy; Breit-Rabi equation; hyperfine structure; molecular dynamics; muscle tissue ID HUMAN CALF MUSCLE; IN-VIVO; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; METABOLITES; CARNOSINE; SYSTEMS; SPIN AB The hyperfine interaction of two spins is a well studied effect in atomic systems. Magnetic resonance experiments demonstrate that the detectable dipole transitions are determined by the magnetic moments of the constituents and the external magnetic field. Transferring the corresponding quantum mechanics to molecular bound nuclear spins allows for precise prediction of NMR spectra obtained from metabolites in human tissue. This molecular hyperfine structure has been neglected so far in in vivo NMR spectroscopy but contains useful information, especially when studying molecular dynamics. This contribution represents a review of the concept of applying the Breit-Rabi formalism to coupled nuclear spins and discusses the immobilization of different metabolites in anisotropic tissue revealed by H-1 NMR spectra of carnosine, phosphocreatine and taurine. Comparison of atomic and molecular spin systems allows for statements on the biological constraints for direct spin-spin interactions. Moreover, the relevance of hyperfine effects on the line shapes of multiplets of indirectly-coupled spin systems with more than two constituents can be predicted by analyzing quantum mechanical parameters. As an example, the superposition of eigenstates of the AMX system of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and its application for better quantification of P-31-NMR spectra will be discussed. C1 [Schroeder, Leif] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schroeder, Leif] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schroeder, Leif] Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Med Phys Radiol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Schroder, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, D-62 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM schroeder@waugh.ccehem.berkeley.edu RI Schroder, Leif/H-6036-2011 OI Schroder, Leif/0000-0003-4901-0325 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0939-3889 J9 Z MED PHYS JI Z. Med. Phys. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.zemedi.2006.10.008 PG 14 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 283RM UT WOS:000254654200002 PM 17665732 ER PT J AU Shao, MH Sasaki, K Liu, P Adzic, RR AF Shao, M. H. Sasaki, K. Liu, P. Adzic, R. R. TI Pd3Fe and pt monolayer-modified Pd3Fe electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE palladium alloy; platinum monolayer; oxygen reduction reaction; electrocatalyst; DFT ID PALLADIUM ALLOY ELECTROCATALYSTS; PT-FE ALLOYS; FUEL-CELLS; O-2 REDUCTION; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; PD; CO; ADSORPTION AB In a search for electrocatalysts based on other metals with comparable attributes to very scarce and expensive Pt, we studied the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on carbon-supported Pd3Fe alloy nanoparticles in HClO4 and NaOH solutions. In acid solution, the electrocatalyst's activity for the ORR is slightly higher than that of commercial Pt/C. The reaction kinetics involves predominantly a four-electron reduction with the first charge-transfer step being the rate-determining one. The synthesis of a Pd overlayer on the Pd3Fe alloy's surface at elevated temperatures is due to strong segregation effects. The major cause of this electrocatalyst's high activity appears to be the downshifting of the d-band center of Pd overlayer, resulting in a weaker interaction between the oxygen-containing species and the Pd surface. We demonstrated a further enhancement of the ORR kinetics with a Pt monolayer-covered Pd3Fe/C electrocatalyst. In HClO4 solution, the mass-specific activity of Pt/Pd3Fe/C was about five times higher than that of commercial Pt/C, surpassing the Pt/Pd/C. In situ XANES data indicate that this elevated ORR activity may be due to the decreased formation of PtOH, and weaker oxygen adsorption on Pt/Pd3Fe/C. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov OI Shao, Minhua/0000-0003-4496-0057 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 30 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 221 IS 9-10 BP 1175 EP 1190 DI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.9-10.1175 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 228YK UT WOS:000250768300007 ER PT J AU Greeley, J Rossmeisl, J Hellman, A Norskov, JK AF Greeley, J. Rossmeisl, J. Hellman, A. Norskov, J. K. TI Theoretical trends in particle size effects for the oxygen reduction reaction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; oxygen reduction reaction; structure sensitivity; nanoparticles; size effect ID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ACIDIC MEDIA; SURFACE; PLATINUM; ELECTROCATALYSTS; KINETICS; ADSORPTION; AU(100); METALS AB A simple, first principles-based model of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is used to determine ORR kinetics on the (I 11), (100), and (211) facets of eleven transition metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, It, Cu, Rh, Ni, Ru, Co, Fe). For most metals, the unreconstructed (100) facets are found to have an activity comparable to, or slightly higher than, the (I 11) facets. In contrast, (211) steps are found to be significantly less active than the terraces, with the exception of the most noble metals. These results are combined with simple models of the geometries of catalytic nanoparticles to estimate the average ORR activity of Pt and An nanoparticles of various sizes. On Pt, a modest decrease in the activity with decreasing particle size is predicted, while for Au, the opposite trend is found. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greeley, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM jgreeley@anl.gov RI Rossmeisl, Jan/A-5714-2011; Hellman, Anders/A-4591-2016; Norskov, Jens/D-2539-2017 OI Rossmeisl, Jan/0000-0001-7749-6567; Hellman, Anders/0000-0002-1821-159X; Norskov, Jens/0000-0002-4427-7728 NR 29 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 11 U2 105 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 221 IS 9-10 BP 1209 EP 1220 DI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.9-10.1209 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 228YK UT WOS:000250768300009 ER PT J AU Blizanac, BB Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM AF Blizanac, B. B. Stamenkovic, V. Markovic, N. M. TI Electrocatalytic trends on IB group metals: The oxygen reduction reaction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE oxygen reduction reaction; electrocatalytic trends; IB group metals; potential of zero charge; pH effects ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; ACID-SOLUTION; ELECTRODE; OXIDATION; CHARGE AB The rotating ring disk method (RRDE) is applied to investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Cu(111), Ag(111) and Au(111) single crystal surfaces in alkaline and acidic media. Independently of the pH of solution, we found that at low overpotentials the order of activity increases from Cu(111) to Ag(111) to An(111). At high overpotentials, however, Cu(111) and Ag(1 11) are much more active than An(111). An interpretation of the variation in activity is presented based on the premise that the rate of the ORR is controlled by two factors: a chemical-dependent part, Delta G(theta)(*) = Delta G(0)(*) + gamma Delta G(Theta)(0) Theta(ad), and the pre-exponential part which is determined by the adsorption of spectator species (Theta(ad)) and the availablitiy of bare metal sites, i.e., the (1- Theta (ad)) term. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cabot Super MicroPowders, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nmmarkovic@anl.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 221 IS 9-10 BP 1379 EP 1391 DI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.9-10.1379 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 228YK UT WOS:000250768300019 ER PT J AU Peretyazhko, T Sposito, G AF Peretyazhko, Tanya Sposito, Garrison TI Reducing capacity of terrestrial humic acids SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE electron shuttle; humic substances; reducing capacity ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON(III) REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; REDOX PROPERTIES; SUBSTANCES; IRON; MICROORGANISMS; FE(III); RESPIRATION; SOILS AB The role of terrestrial humic substances as electron shuttles in bioreduction processes has gained broad acceptance as recognition has grown that the ability to transfer electrons to humic materials is distributed widely among microorganisms in nature. A fundamental property of humic substances pertinent to their mediation of reductive transformations is the maximum moles of electron charge they can transfer to an added oxidant, a parameter for which the name Reducing Capacity has been suggested. A number of different operational definitions of this important parameter have appeared in the literature recently, leading to conflicting terminology that has not heretofore been rationalized. In this paper, we present a consistent set of independent definitions of Reducing Capacity and develop laboratory methodologies for applying them, illustrating our concepts and methods with representative International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) humic acids that have been widely studied in connection with electron shuttling. Our principal results are: (1) non-negligible Reducing Capacity for humic acid (HA) maintained under oxic conditions, indicating that important reductant functional groups persist in humic substances, and (2) Reducing Capacity of chemically-reduced HA equal, within experimental precision, to that for microbially-reduced HA, indicating that chemical reduction can be used as a convenient laboratory method to assess the capacity of HA to be reduced by microorganisms. Our results also demonstrate that complexed Fe contributes negligibly to the Reducing Capacity of HA. We further illustrate our proposed definitions by applying them to interpret some published field data on the Reducing Capacity profile of HA measured in a freshwater lake sediment exhibiting a pronounced redox zonation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peretyazhko, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tperetya@nature.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.004 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 127QI UT WOS:000243601000015 ER PT J AU Amoruso, C Hartmann, AK Hastings, MB Moore, MA AF Amoruso, C. Hartmann, A. K. Hastings, M. B. Moore, M. A. TI Conformal invariance and stochastic loewner evolution processes in two-dimensional Ising spin glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORDERED PHASE; SLE AB We present numerical evidence that the techniques of conformal field theory might be applicable to two-dimensional Ising spin glasses with Gaussian bond distributions. It is shown that certain domain wall distributions in one geometry can be related to that in a second geometry by a conformal transformation. We also present direct evidence that the domain walls are stochastic Loewner (SLE) processes with kappa approximate to 2.1. An argument is given that their fractal dimension d(f) is related to their interface energy exponent theta by d(f)-1=3/[4(3+theta)], which is consistent with the commonly quoted values d(f)approximate to 1.27 and theta approximate to-0.28. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Amoruso, C (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 267202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.267202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300053 PM 17280459 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PDA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK 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CA BaBar Collaboration TI Measurements of branching fraction, polarization, and charge asymmetry of B-+/-->rho(+/-)f(0) and a search for B-+/-->rho(+/-)f(0)(980) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-ASYMMETRIES; DECAYS; PHYSICS AB We measure the branching fraction (B), polarization (f(L)), and CP asymmetry (A(CP)) of B-+/-->rho(+/-)rho(0) decays and search for the decay B-+/-->rho(+/-)f(0)(980) based on a data sample of 231.8x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory. In B-+/-->rho(+/-)rho(0) decays we measure B=(16.8 +/- 2.2 +/- 2.3)x10(-6), f(L)=0.905 +/- 0.042(-0.027)(+0.023), and A(CP)=-0.12 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10, and find an upper limit on the branching fraction of B-+/-->rho(+/-)f(0)(980)(->pi(+)pi(-)) decays of 1.9x10(-6) at 90% confidence level. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. 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RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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TI Observation of B+->phi phi K+ and evidence for B-0 ->phi phi K-0 below eta(c) threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; DECAYS; PHYSICS AB We report measurements of the decays B+->phi phi K+ and B-0 ->phi phi K-0 using a sample of 231x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The branching fractions are measured to be B(B+->phi phi K+)=(7.5 +/- 1.0(stat)+/- 0.7(syst))x10(-6) and B(B-0 ->phi phi K-0)=(4.1(-1.4)(+1.7)(stat)+/- 0.4(syst))x10(-6) for a phi phi invariant mass below 2.85 GeV/c(2). C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. 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Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 261803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.261803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300012 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Koshelev, AE AF Bulaevskii, L. N. Koshelev, A. E. TI Radiation from a single Josephson junction into free space due to Josephson oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTICES; EMISSION; STEPS; FLOW AB We consider electromagnetic emission from a Josephson junction (JJ) in a resistive state in an external magnetic field and derive the radiation power from the dielectric layer inside a JJ directly into outside dielectric media. Matching the electric and magnetic fields at the JJ edges, we find dynamic boundary conditions for the phase difference in JJ. We find that the fraction of the power transformed into radiation is determined by the dissipation inside the JJ. It tends to unity as dissipation vanishes independently of the mismatch of the junction and dielectric media impedances. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 267001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.267001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300049 PM 17280455 ER PT J AU Camacho, CM Camsonne, A Mazouz, M Ferdi, C Gavalian, G Kuchina, E Amarian, M Aniol, KA Beaumel, M Benaoum, H Bertin, P Brossard, M Chen, JP Chudakov, E Craver, B Cusanno, F de Jager, CW Deur, A Feuerbach, R Fieschi, JM Frullani, S Garcon, M Garibaldi, F Gayou, O Gilman, R Gomez, J Gueye, P Guichon, PAM Guillon, B Hansen, O Hayes, D Higinbotham, D Holmstrom, T Hyde-Wright, CE Ibrahim, H Igarashi, R Jiang, X Jo, HS Kaufman, LJ Kelleher, A Kolarkar, A Kumbartzki, G Laveissiere, G LeRose, JJ Lindgren, R Liyanage, N Lu, HJ Margaziotis, DJ Meziani, ZE McCormick, K Michaels, R Michel, B Moffit, B Monaghan, P Nanda, S Nelyubin, V Potokar, M Qiang, Y Ransome, RD Real, JS Reitz, B Roblin, Y Roche, J Sabatie, F Saha, A Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Subedi, R Sulkosky, V Ulmer, PE Voutier, E Wang, K Weinstein, LB Wojtsekhowski, B Zheng, X Zhu, L AF Camacho, C. Munoz Camsonne, A. Mazouz, M. Ferdi, C. Gavalian, G. Kuchina, E. Amarian, M. Aniol, K. A. Beaumel, M. Benaoum, H. Bertin, P. Brossard, M. Chen, J. -P. Chudakov, E. Craver, B. Cusanno, F. de Jager, C. W. Deur, A. Feuerbach, R. Fieschi, J. -M. Frullani, S. Garcon, M. Garibaldi, F. Gayou, O. Gilman, R. Gomez, J. Gueye, P. Guichon, P. A. M. Guillon, B. Hansen, O. Hayes, D. Higinbotham, D. Holmstrom, T. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ibrahim, H. Igarashi, R. Jiang, X. Jo, H. S. Kaufman, L. J. Kelleher, A. Kolarkar, A. Kumbartzki, G. Laveissiere, G. LeRose, J. J. Lindgren, R. Liyanage, N. Lu, H. -J. Margaziotis, D. J. Meziani, Z. -E. McCormick, K. Michaels, R. Michel, B. Moffit, B. Monaghan, P. Nanda, S. Nelyubin, V. Potokar, M. Qiang, Y. Ransome, R. D. Real, J-S. Reitz, B. Roblin, Y. Roche, J. Sabatie, F. Saha, A. Sirca, S. Slifer, K. Solvignon, P. Subedi, R. Sulkosky, V. Ulmer, P. E. Voutier, E. Wang, K. Weinstein, L. B. Wojtsekhowski, B. Zheng, X. Zhu, L. CA Jefferson Lab Hall A TI Scaling tests of the cross section for deeply virtual Compton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; HERA AB We present the first measurements of the ep -> ep gamma cross section in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) regime and the valence quark region. The Q(2) dependence (from 1.5 to 2.3 GeV2) of the helicity-dependent cross section indicates the twist-2 dominance of DVCS, proving that generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are accessible to experiment at moderate Q(2). The helicity-independent cross section is also measured at Q(2)=2.3 GeV2. We present the first model-independent measurement of linear combinations of GPDs and GPD integrals up to the twist-3 approximation. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6, Canada. Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Camacho, CM (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Hachemi, Benaoum/0000-0002-5581-4314; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120; Benaoum, Hachemi/0000-0003-4749-6675 NR 28 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 262002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.262002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300015 PM 17280421 ER PT J AU Carusotto, I Hu, SX Collins, LA Smerzi, A AF Carusotto, I. Hu, S. X. Collins, L. A. Smerzi, A. TI Bogoliubov-Cerenkov radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing against an obstacle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHERENKOV RADIATION; SOLITONS AB We study the density modulation that appears in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing with supersonic velocity against an obstacle. The experimental density profiles observed at JILA are reproduced by a numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and then interpreted in terms of Cerenkov emission of Bogoliubov excitations by the defect. The phonon and the single-particle regions of the Bogoliubov spectrum are, respectively, responsible for a conical wave front and a fan-shaped series of precursors. C1 CNR, BEC, INFM, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hu, SX (reprint author), CNR, BEC, INFM, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007; OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818; CARUSOTTO, IACOPO/0000-0002-9838-0149 NR 23 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 260403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.260403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300003 PM 17280409 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, E Olovsson, W Abrikosov, IA Niklasson, AMN Johansson, B Gorgoi, M Karis, O Svensson, S Schafers, F Braun, W Ohrwall, G Andersson, G Marcellini, M Eberhardt, W AF Holmstrom, E. Olovsson, W. Abrikosov, I. A. Niklasson, A. M. N. Johansson, B. Gorgoi, M. Karis, O. Svensson, S. Schafers, F. Braun, W. Ohrwall, G. Andersson, G. Marcellini, M. Eberhardt, W. TI Sample preserving deep interface characterization technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SCATTERING; ALLOYS; CU AB We propose a nondestructive technique based on atomic core-level shifts to characterize the interface quality of thin film nanomaterials. Our method uses the inherent sensitivity of the atomic core-level binding energies to their local surroundings in order to probe the layer-resolved binary alloy composition profiles at deeply embedded interfaces. From an analysis based upon high energy x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory of a Ni/Cu fcc (100) model system, we demonstrate that this technique is a sensitive tool to characterize the sharpness of a buried interface. We performed controlled interface tuning by gradually approaching the diffusion temperature of the multilayer, which lead to intermixing. We show that core-level spectroscopy directly reflects the changes in the electronic structure of the buried interfaces, which ultimately determines the functionality of the nanosized material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. BESSY, Berlin, Germany. RP Holmstrom, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM erikh@lanl.gov RI Holmstrom, Erik/A-5308-2009; Marcellini, Moreno/H-1011-2011; Svensson, Svante/G-1150-2012; Gorgoi, Mihaela/N-8831-2014; OI Holmstrom, Erik/0000-0002-1198-3861; Svensson, Svante/0000-0002-2978-1870; Olovsson, Weine/0000-0002-2904-0108; Marcellini, Moreno/0000-0002-1434-5611 NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 266106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300029 PM 17280435 ER PT J AU Poynor, A Hong, L Robinson, IK Granick, S Zhang, Z Fenter, PA AF Poynor, Adele Hong, Liang Robinson, Ian K. Granick, Steve Zhang, Zhan Fenter, Paul A. TI How water meets a hydrophobic surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; LENGTH SCALES; THIN-FILM; INTERFACE; SLIPPAGE; COLLAPSE; DENSITY; LAYER; MICA AB Synchrotron x-ray reflectivity measurements of the interface between water and methyl-terminated octadecylsilane monolayers with stable contact angle > 100 degrees conclusively show a depletion layer, whether or not the water is degassed. The thickness is of order one water molecule: 2-4 A with electron density < 40% that of bulk water. Considerations of coherent and incoherent averaging of lateral inhomogeneities show that the data cannot be explained by "nanobubbles." When the contact angle is lower, unstable in time, or when monolayers fail to be sufficiently smooth over the footprint of the x-ray beam, there is no recognizable depletion. C1 Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poynor, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hong, Liang/D-5604-2009; Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134 NR 28 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 10 U2 118 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 266101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300024 PM 17280430 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Pantelides, S. T. TI Encapsulation of floating carbon nanotubes in SiO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; COMPOSITES; MATRIX; ENERGY; ARRAY AB In many applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT), it is desirable to have them embedded in a dielectric such as SiO2, without significantly impacting their electronic properties. Here we investigate the CNT-SiO2 interface of an embedded CNT using first-principles calculations. We show that strong Si-O-C bonds form, suggesting the feasibility of SiO2 deposition on CNTs. We further show that subsequent hydrogenation eliminates all the Si-O-C bonds, leading to floating CNTs with electronic properties very close to those of pristine CNTs in vacuum. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 71 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 26 AR 266805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 121OQ UT WOS:000243167300045 PM 17280451 ER PT J AU Tewell, CR King, SH AF Tewell, Craig R. King, Saskia H. TI Observation of metastable erbium trihydride SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage materials; sur-faces and interfaces; thin films; gas-solid reactions; photoelectron spectroscopy ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; LANTHANUM; OXIDATION; LUTETIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The gamma phase of the erbium-hydrogen system is a hexagonal trihydride that is not predicted to be stable at room temperature without an overpressure of hydrogen gas. Herein, we report the creation of both, a thin film and powder of erbium trihydride that is metastable at ambient conditions. The presence of the hexagonal gamma phase was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ratio of the total moles of hydrogen isotopes (hydrogen and deuterium) to moles of erbium, (H + D):Er, have been confirmed by elastic recoil detection (ERD)/Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of an oxide layer that may account for the metastable behavior of the thin film. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tewell, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0867, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crtewel@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 5 BP 2597 EP 2602 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.025 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 122RN UT WOS:000243244300039 ER PT J AU Slingo, A Ackerman, TP Allan, RP Kassianov, EI McFarlane, SA Robinson, GJ Barnard, JC Miller, MA Harries, JE Russell, JE Dewitte, S AF Slingo, A. Ackerman, T. P. Allan, R. P. Kassianov, E. I. McFarlane, S. A. Robinson, G. J. Barnard, J. C. Miller, M. A. Harries, J. E. Russell, J. E. Dewitte, S. TI Observations of the impact of a major Saharan dust storm on the atmospheric radiation balance SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; MODEL; IRRADIANCE; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM AB Saharan dust storms have often been observed from space, but the full impact on the Earth's radiation balance has been difficult to assess, due to limited observations from the surface. We present the first simultaneous observations from space and from a comprehensive new mobile facility in Niamey, Niger, of a major dust storm in March 2006. The results indicate major perturbations to the radiation balance both at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface. Combining the satellite and surface data, we also estimate the impact on the radiation balance of the atmosphere itself. Using independent data from the mobile facility, we derive the optical properties of the dust and input these and other information into two radiation models to simulate the radiative fluxes. We show that the radiation models underestimate the observed absorption of solar radiation in the dusty atmosphere. C1 Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Royal Meteorol Inst, B-118 Brussels, Belgium. RP Slingo, A (reprint author), Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Harry Pitt Bldg, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. EM as@mail.nerc-essc.ac.uk RI Allan, Richard/B-5782-2008; McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008 OI Allan, Richard/0000-0003-0264-9447; NR 27 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24817 DI 10.1029/2006GL027869 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 124CE UT WOS:000243344000003 ER PT J AU McCabe, MF Wood, EF AF McCabe, Matthew F. Wood, Eric F. TI Scale influences on the remote estimation of evapotranspiration using multiple satellite sensors SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; remote sensing; scale; hydrology; ASTER; MODIS; Landsat; SMACEX; SMEX; catchment hydrology; satellite ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY FLUXES; MODEL; LAYER; SMACEX AB There is considerable interest in using remote sensing to characterize the hydrologic behavior of the land surface on a routine basis. Information on moisture fluxes between the surface and lower atmosphere reveals linkages and land-atmosphere feedback mechanisms, aiding our understanding of energy and water balance cycles. Techniques that combine information on land and atmospheric properties with remotely sensed variables would allow improved prediction for a number of hydrological variables. Over the last few decades, there has been a focus on better determining evapotranspiration and its spatial variability, but for many regions routine prediction is not generally available at a spatial resolution appropriate to the underlying surface heterogeneity. Over agricultural regions, this is particularly critical, since the spatial extent of typical field scales is not regularly resolved within the pixel resolution of satellite sensors. Understanding the role of landscape heterogeneity and its influence on the scaling behavior of surface fluxes as observed by satellite sensors with different spatial resolutions is a critical research need. To attend this task, data from Landsat-ETM (60 in), ASTER (90 m), and MODIS (1020 in) satellite platforms are employed to independently estimate evapotranspiration. The range of the satellite sensor resolutions allows analyses that span scales from (point-scale) in-situ tower measurements to the MODIS kilometer-scale. Evapotranspiration estimates derived at these multiple resolutions were assessed against eddy covariance flux measurements collected during the 2002 Soil Moisture Atmospheric Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) over the Walnut Creek watershed in Iowa. Together, these data allow a comprehensive scale intercomparison of remotely sensed predictions, which include intercomparisons of the evapotranspiration products from the various sensors as well as a statistical analysis for the retrievals at the watershed scale. A high degree of consistency was observed between the retrievals from the higher-resolution satellite platforms (Landsat-ETM and ASTER). The MODIS-based estimates, while unable to discriminate the influence of land surface heterogeneity at the field scale, effectively reproduced the watershed average response, illustrating the utility of this sensor for regional-scale evapotranspiration estimation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP McCabe, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmccabe@lanl.gov RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011; yang, li/F-2456-2013 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272; NR 50 TC 154 Z9 168 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 105 IS 4 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 114XP UT WOS:000242699200001 ER PT J AU Lee, TH Seng, S Li, HC Kennel, SJ Avraham, HK Avraham, S AF Lee, Tae-Hee Seng, Seyha Li, Huchun Kennel, Stephen J. Avraham, Hava Karsenty Avraham, Shalom TI Integrin regulation by vascular endothelial growth factor in human brain microvascular endothelial cells - Role of alpha(6)beta(1) integrin in angiogenesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-6-BETA-4 INTEGRIN; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ALPHA(2)BETA(1) INTEGRINS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FACTOR VEGF; EXPRESSION; PERMEABILITY; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS AB The precise role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) in regulating integrins in brain microvascular endothelial cells is unknown. Here, we analyzed VEGF effects on integrin expression and activation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells ( HBMECs). Using human cDNA arrays and ribonuclease ( RNase) protection assays, we observed that VEGF up-regulated the mRNA expression of alpha(6) integrin in HBMECs. VEGF significantly increased alpha(6)beta(1) integrin expression, but not alpha(6)beta(4) integrin expression in these cells. Specific down- regulation of beta(6) integrin expression by small interfering RNA ( siRNA) oligonucleotides inhibited both the capillary morphogenesis of HBMECs and their adhesion and migration. Additionally, VEGF treatment resulted in activation of alpha(6)beta(1) integrins in HBMECs. Functional blocking of alpha(6) integrin with its specific antibody inhibited the VEGF- induced adhesion and migration as well as in vivo angiogenesis, and markedly suppressed tumor angiogenesis and breast carcinoma growth in vivo. Thus, VEGF can modulate angiogenesis via increased expression and activation of alpha(6)beta(1) integrins, which may promote VEGF- driven tumor angiogenesis in vivo. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Expt Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Avraham, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Expt Med, 4 Blackfan Circle,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM savraham@bidmc.harvard.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA096805]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL80699] NR 43 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 52 BP 40450 EP 40460 DI 10.1074/jbc.M607525200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 119SP UT WOS:000243033900075 PM 17085437 ER PT J AU Riddle, LA Guiochon, G AF Riddle, Lance A. Guiochon, Georges TI Separation of free sterols by high temperature liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE high temperature liquid chromatography; sterols; temperature effects ID SOLID CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID SEPARATION; PERFORMANCE; GRAPEFRUIT; STABILITY; LIPIDS AB Increasing the column temperature accelerates markedly elution in HPLC. The separation of five free sterols was studied on three packing materials that can withstand high temperatures. These stationary phases included graphitic carbon, a polymeric C18 silica, and a zirconia-based adsorbent. Measurements of retention data were made at up to 150 degrees C with mobile phases of different compositions. Since the columns tested afford different retention mechanisms, a variety of elution patterns were observed, with some being more advantageous than others for certain sterol separations. Effects observed include some selectivity improvements and some elution order reversals. The separation of free sterols in selected fruit juices is also presented. Albeit at the expense of a longer analysis time, the graphitic carbon column produced the best separation of the sterols in this study. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 1137 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.008 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 120KS UT WOS:000243084200006 PM 17055522 ER PT J AU Cummings, T Marin, C Ostrogorsky, AG Burger, A Bliss, M AF Cummings, T. Marin, C. Ostrogorsky, A. G. Burger, A. Bliss, M. TI Tetragonal red and yellow HgI2-CdI2 crystals for X- and gamma-ray solid-state detectors directionally solidified under argon pressure of 20 atm SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE characterization; directional solidification; semiconducting mercury compounds ID IODIDE; PHASE; MELT AB Ternary Hg1-xCdxI2 (0 < x < 60) crystals were directionally solidified under similar to 20 atm of argon pressure. For 0 < x < 0.17, the crystals have the same red color as pure alpha-HgI2. For x > 0.17 the crystals are yellow. In the full compositional range 0 < x < 60, the lattice is tetragonal, as in pure alpha-HgI2. The yellow crystals have a higher crystalline perfection and degrade less than the red crystals during sample preparation by cleaving and thus may be more suitable for fabrication required for X- and gamma-ray detectors. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ostrogorsky, AG (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM ostroa@rpi.edu RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 297 IS 2 BP 334 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.10.134 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 130PS UT WOS:000243812100013 ER PT J AU Delle Monache, L Hacker, JP Zhou, YM Deng, XX Stull, RB AF Delle Monache, Luca Hacker, Joshua P. Zhou, Yongmei Deng, Xingxiu Stull, Roland B. TI Probabilistic aspects of meteorological and ozone regional ensemble forecasts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY FORECAST; SYSTEM; NOX AB This study investigates whether probabilistic ozone forecasts from an ensemble can be made with skill: i.e., high verification resolution and reliability. Twenty-eight ozone forecasts were generated over the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada, for the 5-day period 11-15 August 2004 and compared with 1-hour averaged measurements of ozone concentrations at five stations. The forecasts were obtained by driving the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) model with four meteorological forecasts and seven emission scenarios: a control run, +/- 50% NOx, +/- 50% volatile organic compounds (VOC), and +/- 50% NOx combined with VOC. Probabilistic forecast quality is verified using relative operating characteristic curves, Talagrand diagrams, and a new reliability index. Results show that both meteorology and emission perturbations are needed to have a skillful probabilistic forecast system: the meteorology perturbation is important to capture the ozone temporal and spatial distribution and the emission perturbation is needed to span the range of ozone concentration magnitudes. Emission perturbations are more important than meteorology perturbations for capturing the likelihood of high ozone concentrations. Perturbations involving NOx resulted in a more skillful probabilistic forecast for the episode analyzed, and therefore the 50% perturbation values appear to span much of the emission uncertainty for this case. All of the ensembles analyzed show a high ozone concentration bias in the Talagrand diagrams, even when the biases from the unperturbed emissions forecasts are removed from all ensemble members. This result indicates nonlinearity in the ensemble, which arises from both ozone chemistry and its interaction with input from particular meteorological models. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Appl Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ British Columbia, Atmospher Sci Programme, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Delle Monache, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24307 DI 10.1029/2005JD003917 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124CL UT WOS:000243344700002 ER PT J AU Campbell, R Bakker, MG Havrilla, G Montoya, V Kenik, EA Shamsuzzoha, M AF Campbell, Roger Bakker, Martin G. Havrilla, George Montoya, Velma Kenik, Edward A. Shamsuzzoha, Mohammed TI Preparation of mesoporous silica templated metal nanowire films on foamed nickel substrates SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE foamed nickel; mesoporous silica; polymer templating; nanowire film; SBA-15 ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL TEMPLATES; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC NANOWIRES; ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION; ARRAYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SURFACTANT; NANOMATERIALS; PATHWAYS; SENSORS AB A method has been developed for the formation of high surface area nanowire films on planar and three-dimensional metal electrodes. These nanowire films are formed via electrodeposition into a mesoporous silica film. The mesoporous silica films are formed by a sol-gel process using Pluronic tri-block copolymers to template mesopore formation on both planar and three-dimensional metal electrodes. Surface area increases of up to 120-fold have been observed in electrodes containing a templated film when compared to the same types of electrodes without the templated film. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Cent Analyt Facil, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Bakker, MG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM Bakker@bama.ua.edu OI Havrilla, George/0000-0003-2052-7152 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD DEC 29 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.08.011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 122NK UT WOS:000243233500014 ER PT J AU Leetmaa, M Ljungberg, M Ogasawara, H Odelius, M Naslund, LA Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM AF Leetmaa, Mikael Ljungberg, Mathias Ogasawara, Hirohito Odelius, Michael Naslund, Lars-Ake Nilsson, Anders Pettersson, Lars G. M. TI Are recent water models obtained by fitting diffraction data consistent with infrared/Raman and x-ray absorption spectra? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; LIQUID WATER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; FINE-STRUCTURE; DILUTE HOD; N-OCTANE; SPECTROSCOPY AB X-ray absorption (XA) spectra have been computed based on water structures obtained from a recent fit to x-ray and neutron diffraction data using models ranging from symmetrical to asymmetrical local coordination of the water molecules [A. K. Soper, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17, S3273 (2005)]. It is found that both the obtained symmetric and asymmetric structural models of water give similar looking XA spectra, which do not match the experiment. The fitted models both contain unphysical structures that are allowed by the diffraction data, where, e.g., hydrogen-hydrogen interactions may occur. A modification to the asymmetric model, in which the non-hydrogen-bonded OH intramolecular distance is allowed to become shorter while the bonded OH distance becomes longer, improves the situation somewhat, but the overall agreement is still unsatisfactory. The electric field (E-field) distributions and infrared (IR) spectra are also calculated using two established theoretical approaches, which, however, show significant discrepancies in their predictions for the asymmetric structural models. Both approaches predict the Raman spectrum of the symmetric model fitted to the diffraction data to be significantly blueshifted compared to experiment. At the moment no water model exists that can equally well describe IR/Raman, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and diffraction data. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Fysikum, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Leetmaa, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Fysikum, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Leetmaa, Mikael/J-9786-2012; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Odelius, Michael/A-7628-2014; Ljungberg, Mathias/M-6243-2014; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Leetmaa, Mikael/0000-0002-3446-7253; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Odelius, Michael/0000-0002-7023-2486; Ljungberg, Mathias/0000-0002-8774-9529; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 24 AR 244510 DI 10.1063/1.2408419 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 121LB UT WOS:000243158000027 PM 17199358 ER PT J AU Nakata, M Braams, BJ Fukuda, M Percus, JK Yamashita, M Zhao, ZJ AF Nakata, Maho Braams, Bastiaan J. Fukuda, Mituhiro Percus, Jerome K. Yamashita, Makoto Zhao, Zhengji TI Simple Hamiltonians which exhibit drastic failures by variational determination of the two-particle reduced density matrix with some well known N-representability conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS; REDUCTION AB Calculations on small molecular systems indicate that the variational approach employing the two-particle reduced density matrix (2-RDM) as the basic unknown and applying the P, Q, G, T1, and T2 representability conditions provides an accuracy that is competitive with the best standard ab initio methods of quantum chemistry. However, in this paper we consider a simple class of Hamiltonians for which an exact ground state wave function can be written as a single Slater determinant and yet the same 2-RDM approach gives a drastically nonrepresentable result. This shows the need for stronger representability conditions than the mentioned ones. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Dept Math, New York, NY 10012 USA. Kanagawa Univ, Dept Informat Syst Creat, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, High Performance Comp Res Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakata, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM chat95@mac.com RI Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011; Yamashita, Makoto/C-1330-2015; Fukuda, Mituhiro/C-3411-2015 OI Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969; Yamashita, Makoto/0000-0002-8409-036X; Fukuda, Mituhiro/0000-0002-2280-6190 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 24 AR 244109 DI 10.1063/1.2406073 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 121LB UT WOS:000243158000011 PM 17199342 ER PT J AU Lago, AF Davalos, JZ Kerdpin, U Schlachter, AS AF Lago, A. F. Davalos, J. Z. Kerdpin, U. Schlachter, A. S. TI Cationic and anionic fragmentation of dichloromethane following inner-shell (Cl 1s) photoexcitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; CHLORINE K-EDGE; POSTCOLLISION INTERACTION; IONIZATION THRESHOLDS; YIELD SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CORE-IONIZATION; 355 NM; MOLECULES; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION AB The cationic and anionic fragmentation of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) molecule have been investigated in the energy range of the Cl K shell by using synchrotron radiation, ion yield spectroscopy, and electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy. Total and partial ion-yield and mass spectra have been recorded as a function of the photon energy. We were able to identify several singly and multiply charged cationic fragments and the following anionic species: H-; C-; Cl-. The present results provide the first experimental report of negative ion formation from a molecule excited at the Cl 1s edge. In addition, our electron-ion coincidence data provide strong evidence of the preservation of molecular alignment for the photodissociation of CH2Cl2 after deep core-electron resonant excitation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. LNLS, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Naresuan Univ, Fac Sci, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lago, AF (reprint author), LNLS, Box 6192, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM alago@lnls.br RI DAVALOS, JUAN/L-2953-2014; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Lago, Alexsandre/C-5890-2017 OI DAVALOS, JUAN/0000-0002-5835-6371; Lago, Alexsandre/0000-0001-6810-420X NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 13717 EP 13723 DI 10.1021/jp063423h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WM UT WOS:000242974200012 PM 17181326 ER PT J AU Chlistunoff, J Simonin, JP AF Chlistunoff, Jerzy Simonin, Jean-Pierre TI Ionic association of hydroperoxide anion HO2- in the binding mean spherical approximation. Spectroscopic study of hydrogen peroxide in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; PRIMITIVE MODEL; CHARGE-TRANSFER; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC SPECTRA; SOLVENT SPECTRA; PAIRING IONS; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROLYTES AB The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy of hydrogen peroxide in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions was studied. The peroxide band in the UV range shifts from similar to 214 nm to similar to 236 nm as the NaOH concentration increases from 0.338 mol dm(-3) to 13.1 mol dm(-3). The band originates from an intramolecular electronic transition of the hydroperoxide anion HO2-, as indicated by the negligible temperature effect on the band position and confirmed by ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. It is postulated that the bathochromic shift of the peroxide band that accompanies the increase in NaOH concentration originates from the formation of the ion pair (Na+HO2-). The equilibrium constant for the ion association reaction (0.048 mol(-1) dm(3)) and the characteristics of the individual absorption bands of the hydroperoxide anion and its associate with Na+ were determined from the numerical modeling of the absorbance data, using the binding mean spherical approximation (BIMSA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab LI2C, UMR 7612, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Chlistunoff, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jerzy@lanl.gov; sim@ccr.jussieu.fr OI SIMONIN, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-8246-8154 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 13868 EP 13876 DI 10.1021/jp065852l PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WM UT WOS:000242974200032 PM 17181346 ER PT J AU Steele, RP Shao, YH DiStasio, RA Head-Gordon, M AF Steele, Ryan P. Shao, Yihan DiStasio, Robert A., Jr. Head-Gordon, Martin TI Dual-basis analytic gradients. 1. Self-consistent field theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; INTRINSIC REACTION COORDINATE; LINEAR SCALING COMPUTATION; HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; CORRELATED WAVE-FUNCTIONS; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD AB Analytic gradients of dual-basis Hartree-Fock and density functional theory energies have been derived and implemented, which provide the opportunity for capturing large basis-set gradient effects at reduced cost. Suggested pairings for gradient calculations are 6-31G/6-31G**, dual[-f,-d]/cc-pVTZ, and 6-311G*/6-311++ G(3df, 3pd). Equilibrium geometries are produced within 0.0005 angstrom of large-basis results for the latter two pairings. Though a single, iterative SCF response equation must be solved ( unlike standard SCF gradients), it may be obtained in the smaller basis set, and integral screening further reduces the cost for well-chosen subsets. Total nuclear force calculations exhibit up to 75% savings, relative to large-basis calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Q Chem Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Steele, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ofer4@bastille.cchem.berkeley.edu NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 13915 EP 13922 DI 10.1021/jp065444h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WM UT WOS:000242974200037 PM 17181351 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, E Majzoub, EH AF Ronnebro, Ewa Majzoub, Eric H. TI Crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations of a new bialkali alanate K2LiAlH6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HYDRIDES; DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON AB A new bialkali alanate K2LiAlH6 was synthesized at 320-330 degrees C and 100-700 bar. It was structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in space group R (3) over barm (No. 166) with unit cell parameters a = 5.62068(8) and c = 27.3986(6) A. The Li and K cation sites are mutually exclusive, and Rietveld refinement finds no cation mixing. First-principles total energy calculations were performed for nine competing database structures of the stoichiometry A(2)BCX(6), taken from fluoride and oxide compounds in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). The relaxed structures were compared via their total energies and their agreement with experimental diffraction spectra. Two database structures K2LiAlF6 (R (3) over barm) and Cs2NaAlF6 (C2/m) were found to have the lowest total energies, but with the Rietveld method the K2LiAlF6 structure type was shown to be the most favorable. Ab initio total energy calculations support the validity of the structure determination. First-principles calculations also indicate that cation mixing is energetically unfavorable. Hydride properties such as plateau pressure are therefore more difficult to manipulate through alloying in this class of compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ecronne@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 25686 EP 25691 DI 10.1021/jp064122a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300025 PM 17181207 ER PT J AU Vaswani, HM Stenger, J Fromme, P Fleming, GR AF Vaswani, Harsha M. Stenger, Jens Fromme, Petra Fleming, Graham R. TI One- and two-color photon echo peak shift studies of photosystem I SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; ULTRAFAST PRIMARY PROCESSES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYNECHOCOCCUS-ELONGATUS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; PCC 6803; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE SEPARATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Wavelength-dependent one- and two-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy was performed on the chlorophyll Q(y) band of trimeric photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Sub-100 fs energy transfer steps were observed in addition to longer time scales previously measured by others. In the main PSI absorption peak (675-700 nm), the peak shift decays more slowly with increasing wavelength, implying that energy transfer between pigments of similar excitation energy is slower for pigments with lower site energies. In the far-red region (715 nm), the decay of the peak shift is more rapid and is complete by 1 ps, a consequence of the strong electron-phonon coupling present in this spectral region. Two-color photon echo peak shift data show strong excitonic coupling between pigments absorbing at 675 nm and those absorbing at 700 nm. The one- and two-color peak shifts were simulated using the previously developed energy transfer model (J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 10251; Biophysical Journal 2003, 85, 140). The simulations agree well with the experimental data. Two-color photon echo peak shift is shown to be far more sensitive to variations in the molecular Hamiltonian than one-color photon echo peak shift spectroscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM grfleming@lbl.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 26303 EP 26312 DI 10.1021/jp061008j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300107 PM 17181289 ER PT J AU Au, M Jurgensen, A Zeigler, K AF Au, Ming Jurgensen, Arthur Zeigler, Kristine TI Modified lithium borohydrides for reversible hydrogen storage (2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIBH4 AB This paper reports the results of the effort to destabilize lithium borohydride for reversible hydrogen storage. Various metals, metal hydrides, and metal chlorides were selected and evaluated as destabilization agents for reducing dehydriding temperatures and improving dehydriding/rehydriding reversibility. The most effective material was LiBH4 + 0.2MgCl(2) + 0.1TiCl(3) which starts desorbing 5 wt % of hydrogen at 60 degrees C and can be rehydrogenated to 4.5 wt % at 600 degrees C and 70 bar. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis show the interaction of LiBH4 with additives and the unusual change of B-H stretching. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM ming.au@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 203 Z9 207 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 26482 EP 26487 DI 10.1021/jp065490h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300127 PM 17181309 ER PT J AU Foster, M Colgan, J AF Foster, M. Colgan, J. TI Charge-dependent effects in double photoionization of He-like ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; EXCESS ENERGY; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SHAKE-OFF; HELIUM; ELECTRONS; STATES; GAMMA; ATOMS AB A study is made of triple differential cross sections (TDCS) resulting from the double photoionization (DPI) of He-like ions. The angular correlations between the outgoing electrons are examined as a function of the nuclear target charge. Time-dependent close-coupling theory (TDCC) is used to solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for both outgoing electrons. Previous theoretical models that have calculated the TDCS for He-like ions have only included the electron-electron interaction through approximate perturbative methods. We have analysed the effects of the electron correlation and the dependence relative to the nuclear charge. We find that the differing TDCS shapes for unequal electron energy sharings observed by Otranto and Garibotti (2003 Eur. Phys. J. D 27 215, 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 034703-1, 2003 Phys. Rev. A 67 064701) for He-like ions are not due to the decreasing relative strength of the electron-electron correlation, but rather due to the different energy regions in which each calculation is carried out. Our calculations are compared with previous experimental and theoretical work, where available. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foster, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 24 BP 5067 EP 5078 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/39/24/004 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 116NP UT WOS:000242809900004 ER PT J AU Bar-Shalom, S Deshpande, NG Eilam, G Jiang, J Soni, A AF Bar-Shalom, Shaouly Deshpande, Nilendra G. Eilam, Gad Jiang, Jing Soni, Amarjit TI Majorana neutrinos and lepton-number-violating signals in top-quark and W-boson rare decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; ELECTRON-POSITRON; FLAVOR VIOLATION; MASSES; OSCILLATIONS; COLLIDERS; ENERGIES; SEARCH; LHC AB We discuss rare lepton-number-violating top-quark and W-boson four-body decays to final states containing a same-charge lepton pair, of the same or of different flavors: t -> bW(-) l(i)(+)l(j)(+) and W+ -> J (J) over bar 'l(i)(+)l(j)(+), where i not equal j or i = j and J (J) over bar' stands for two light jets originating from a (u) over bard or a (c) over bars pair. These Delta L = 2 decays are forbidden in the Standard Model and may be mediated by exchanges of Majorana neutrinos. We adopt a model independent approach for the Majorana neutrinos mixing pattern and calculate the branching ratios (BR) for these decays. We find, for example, that for O(1) mixings between heavy and light Majorana neutrinos (not likely but not ruled out) and if at least one of the heavy Majorana neutrinos has a mass of <= 100 GeV. then the BR's for these decays are: BR(t -> bl(i)(+)l(j)(+)W(-)) similar to 10(-4) and BR(W+ -> l(i)(+)l(j)(+)(J) over bar') similar to 10(-7) if m(N) similar to 100 GeV and BR(t -> bl(i)(+)l(j)(+) J (J) over bar') similar to BR(W+, l(i)(+)l(j)(+) J (J) over bar) similar to 0.01 if m(N) less than or similar to 50 GeV. Taking into account the present limits on the neutrino mixing parameters, we obtain more realistic values for these BR's: BR(t -> bl(i)(+)l(j)(+)W(-)) similar to 10(-6) and BR(W+ -> l(j)(+)l(j)(+)J (J) over bar) similar to 10(-10) for m(N) similar to 100 GeV and BR(t -> b(i)(+)l(j)(+)J (J) over bar) similar to BR(W+ -> l(j)(+)l(j)(+)J (J) over bar) similar to 10(-6) for mN less than or similar to 50 GeV. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Oregon, Inst Theoret Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bar-Shalom, S (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM shaouly@physics.technion.ac.il; desh@uoregon.edu; eilam@physics.technion.ac.il; jing@uoregon.edu; soni@bnl.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 643 IS 6 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.10.060 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 119XU UT WOS:000243048600007 ER PT J AU Del Negro, AS Seliskar, CJ Heineman, WR Hightower, SE Bryan, SA Sullivan, BP AF Del Negro, Andrew S. Seliskar, Carl J. Heineman, William R. Hightower, Sean E. Bryan, Samuel A. Sullivan, B. Patrick TI Highly oxidizing excited states of Re and Tc complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SINGLE DEVICE; FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; POTENTIALS; ABSORPTION; OXIDATION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Bryan, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sam.bryan@pnl.gov; bpat@uwyo.ed RI Bryan, Samuel/D-5457-2015 OI Bryan, Samuel/0000-0001-5664-3249 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16494 EP 16495 DI 10.1021/ja067114g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600041 PM 17177386 ER PT J AU Paci, I Johnson, JC Chen, XD Rana, G Popovic, D David, DE Nozik, AJ Ratner, MA Michl, J AF Paci, Irina Johnson, Justin C. Chen, Xudong Rana, Geeta Popovic, Duska David, Donald E. Nozik, Arthur J. Ratner, Mark A. Michl, Josef TI Singlet fission for dye-sensitized solar cells: Can a suitable sensitizer be found? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; TRIPLET-TRIPLET SPECTRA; P-ORBITAL METHOD; TETRACENE CRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB We discuss possible improvements in the efficiency of dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells using dyes capable of singlet fission into two triplets, thus producing two electron-hole pairs from a single photon. It is pointed out that, in addition to derivatives of large alternant hydrocarbons, those of biradicals are also likely candidates for a favorable ordering of excited-state energy levels, E(T-2), E(S-1) > 2E(T-1). A large number of potentially favorable structures has been examined by the semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople method and some also by the time-dependent density functional theory method. Several likely candidates have been identified for experimental examination. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michl@eefus.colorado.edu RI Michl, Josef/G-9376-2014; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 73 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 8 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16546 EP 16553 DI 10.1021/ja063980h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600059 PM 17177404 ER PT J AU Lud, SQ Steenackers, M Jordan, R Bruno, P Gruen, DM Feulner, P Garrido, JA Stutzmann, M AF Lud, Simon Q. Steenackers, Marin Jordan, Rainer Bruno, Paola Gruen, Dieter M. Feulner, Peter Garrido, Jose A. Stutzmann, Martin TI Chemical grafting of biphenyl self-assembled monolayers on ultrananocrystalline diamond SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CARBON SURFACES; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; DIAZONIUM SALTS; THIN-FILMS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-BEAMS; SPECTROSCOPY; LAYERS; IMMOBILIZATION AB We have investigated the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4'-nitro-1,1-biphenyl-4-diazonium tetrafluoroborate (NBD) onto ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films. In contrast to the common approach to modify diamond and diamond-like substrates by electrografting, the SAM was formed from the saturated solution of NBD in acetonitrile by pure chemical grafting. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) have been used to verify the direct covalent attachment of the 4'-nitro-1,1-biphenyl (NB) SAM on the diamond substrate via stable C-C bonds and to estimate the monolayer packing density. The results confirm the presence of a very stable, homogeneous and dense monolayer. Additionally, the terminal nitro group of the NB SAM can be readily converted into an amino group by X-ray irradiation as well as electrochemistry. This opens the possibility of in situ electrochemical modification as well as the creation of chemical patterns (chemical lithography) in the SAM on UNCD substrates and enables a variety of consecutive chemical functionalization for sensing and molecular electronics applications. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Makromol Stoffe, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E20, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Jordan, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Makromol Stoffe, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM rainer.jordan@ch.tum.de; garrido@wsi.tum.de RI Steenackers, Marin/F-1162-2010; bruno, paola/G-5786-2011; Jordan, Rainer/B-6542-2008; Garrido, Jose A./K-7491-2015; Stutzmann, Martin/B-1480-2012; OI Jordan, Rainer/0000-0002-9414-1597; Garrido, Jose A./0000-0001-5621-1067; Stutzmann, Martin/0000-0002-0068-3505 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16884 EP 16891 DI 10.1021/ja0657049 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600094 PM 17177439 ER PT J AU Ruiz, EJ Sears, DN Pines, A Jameson, CJ AF Ruiz, E. Janette Sears, Devin N. Pines, Alexander Jameson, Cynthia J. TI Diastereomeric Xe chemical shifts in tethered cryptophane cages SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID XE-129 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-POLARIZED XE-129; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; SHIELDING TENSOR; COMPLEXATION DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; XENON-BINDING; NE HELICES; IN-VIVO; CHIRALITY AB Cryptophane cages serve as host molecules to a Xe atom. Functionalization of cryptophane-A has permitted the development of Xe as a biosensor. Synthetic routes used to prepare cryptophanes result in racemic mixtures of the chiral cages. In the preparation of a tethered cryptophane-A cage for biosensor applications, some achiral and chiral substituents such as left-handed amino acids have been used. When the substituent is achiral, the NMR signal of the Xe atom in the functionalized cage in solution is a single isotropic peak, since the Xe shielding tensor components in the R and L cages differ by no more than the signs of the off-diagonal elements. Chiral substituents can split the cage-encapsulated Xe NMR signal into one or more sets of doublets, depending on the number of asymmetric centers in the substituent. We carry out quantum mechanical calculations of Xe nuclear magnetic shielding for the Xe atom at the same strategic position within an L cryptophane-A cage, under the influence of chiral potentials that represent for r or I substituents outside the cage. Calculations of the Xe shielding response in the Lr and LI diastereomeric pairs permit the prediction of the relative order of the Xe chemical shifts in solutions containing the RI and LI diastereomers. Where the substituent itself possesses two chiral centers, comparison of the calculated isotropic shielding responses in the Llr, Lrl, RIl, and Lrr systems, respectively, permits the prediction of the Xe spectrum of diastereomeric systems in solutions containing Llr, RIr, LIl, and RIl systems. Assignment of the peaks observed in the experimental Xe NMR spectra is therefore possible, without having to undertake the difficult synthetic route that produces a single optically pure enantiomer. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jameson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM cjjames@uic.edu RI Jameson, Cynthia/G-4097-2012 OI Jameson, Cynthia/0000-0001-5909-0643 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16980 EP 16988 DI 10.1021/ja066661z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600104 PM 17177449 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM Yantasee, W Majors, PD McKinley, JP AF Liu, Chongxuan Zachara, John M. Yantasee, Wassana Majors, Paul D. McKinley, James P. TI Microscopic reactive diffusion of uranium in the contaminated sediments at Hanford, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POROUS-MEDIA; DISSOLUTION RATES; SELF-DIFFUSION; VADOSE ZONE; TRANSPORT; SITE; NMR; WASHINGTON; BOLTWOODITE AB [ 1] Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses of uranium-contaminated sediments from select locations at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford site have revealed that sorbed uranium ( U) often exists as uranyl precipitates associated with intragrain fractures of granitic clasts. The release of U to contacting fluids appears to be controlled by intragrain ion diffusion coupled with the dissolution kinetics of the precipitates that exist in the form of Na-boltwoodite. Here we present a coupled microscopic reactive diffusion model for the contaminated sediment on the basis of experimental measurements of intragrain diffusivity in the granitic lithic fragments and the dissolution kinetics of synthetic Na-boltwoodite. Nuclear magnetic resonance, pulse gradient spin echo measurements showed that the intragrain fractures of the granitic clasts isolated from the sediment contained two domains with distinct diffusivities. The fast diffusion domain had an apparent tortuosity of 1.5, while that of the slow region was two orders of magnitude larger. A two-domain diffusion model was assembled and used to infer the geochemical conditions that led to intragrain uranyl precipitation during waste-sediment interaction. Rapid precipitation of Na-boltwoodite was simulated with an alkaline U-containing, high-carbonate tank waste solution that diffused into intragrain fractures, which originally contained Si-rich pore water in equilibrium with feldspar grains in the lithic fragments. The model was also used to simulate uranyl dissolution and release from contaminated sediment to recharge waters. With independently characterized parameters for Na-boltwoodite dissolution, the model simulations demonstrated that diffusion could significantly decrease the rates of intragrain uranyl mineral dissolution due to diffusion-induced local solubility limitation with respect to Na-boltwoodite. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 AR W12420 DI 10.1029/2006WR005031 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 124EB UT WOS:000243349200001 ER PT J AU Sazinsky, MH Dunten, PW McCormick, MS DiDonato, A Lippard, SJ AF Sazinsky, Matthew H. Dunten, Pete W. McCormick, Michael S. DiDonato, Alberto Lippard, Stephen J. TI X-ray structure of a hydroxylase-regulatory protein complex from a hydrocarbon-oxidizing multicomponent monooxygenase, Pseudomonas sp OX1 phenol hydroxylase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS BATH; TOLUENE/O-XYLENE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; METHYLATED AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPONENT-B; ACTIVE-SITE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; STUTZERI OX1 AB Phenol hydroxylase (PH) belongs to a family of bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases (BMMs) with carboxylate-bridged diiron active sites. Included are toluene/o-xylene (ToMO) and soluble methane (sMMO) monooxygenase. PH hydroxylates aromatic compounds, but unlike sMMO, it cannot oxidize alkanes despite having a similar dinuclear iron active site. Important for activity is formation of a complex between the hydroxylase and a regulatory protein component. To address how structural features of BMM hydroxylases and their component complexes may facilitate the catalytic mechanism and choice of substrate, we determined X-ray structures of native and SeMet forms of the PH hydroxylase (PHH) in complex with its regulatory protein (PHM) to 2.3 A resolution. PHM binds in a canyon on one side of the (alpha beta gamma)(2) PHH dimer, contacting alpha-subunit helices A, E, and F similar to 12 A above the diiron core. The structure of the dinuclear iron center in PHH resembles that of mixed-valent MMOH, suggesting an Fe(II)Fe(III) oxidation state. Helix E, which comprises part of the iron-coordinating four-helix bundle, has more pi-helical character than analogous E helices in MMOH and ToMOH lacking a bound regulatory protein. Consequently, conserved active site Thr and Asn residues translocate to the protein surface, and an similar to 6 A pore opens through the four-helix bundle. Of likely functional significance is a specific hydrogen bond formed between this Asn residue and a conserved Ser side chain on PHM. The PHM protein covers a putative docking site on PHH for the PH reductase, which transfers electrons to the PHH diiron center prior to O-2 activation, suggesting that the regulatory component may function to block undesired reduction of oxygenated intermediates during the catalytic cycle. A series of hydrophobic cavities through the PHH alpha-subunit, analogous to those in MMOH, may facilitate movement of the substrate to and/or product from the active site pocket. Comparisons between the ToMOH and PHH structures provide insights into their substrate regiospecificities. C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Biol Strutt & Funz, I-80126 Naples, Italy. GEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RP Lippard, SJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM lippard@mit.edu RI Di Donato, Alberto/G-5494-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM073457, GM32134, R01 GM032134, R01 GM032134-18, R01 GM032134-24] NR 78 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 51 BP 15392 EP 15404 DI 10.1021/bi0618969 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 118IL UT WOS:000242935600027 PM 17176061 ER PT J AU Kabbour, H Baumann, TF Satcher, JH Saulnier, A Ahn, CC AF Kabbour, Houria Baumann, Theodore F. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Saulnier, Angelique Ahn, Channing C. TI Toward new candidates for hydrogen storage: High-surface-area carbon aerogels SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Dept Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kabbour, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Kabbour, Houria/0000-0002-9081-3261 NR 15 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 26 BP 6085 EP 6087 DI 10.1021/cm062329a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 118IK UT WOS:000242935500001 ER PT J AU Baumann, TF Biener, J Wang, YMM Kucheyev, SO Nelson, EJ Satcher, JH Elam, JW Pellin, MJ Hamza, AV AF Baumann, Theodore F. Biener, Juergen Wang, Yinmin M. Kucheyev, Sergei O. Nelson, Erik J. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Elam, Jeffrey W. Pellin, Michael J. Hamza, Alex V. TI Atomic layer deposition of uniform metal coatings on highly porous aerogel substrates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; PORE-SIZE; TUNGSTEN; FILMS; PRECURSORS; NANOPORES; SI2H6; GOLD; WF6 C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM baumann2@llnl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 26 BP 6106 EP 6108 DI 10.1021/cm061752g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 118IK UT WOS:000242935500008 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Hobbs, DT AF Nyman, May Hobbs, David T. TI A family of peroxo-titanate materials tailored for optimal strontium and actinide sorption SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NUCLEAR-WASTE SOLUTIONS; RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM; MONOSODIUM TITANATE; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; ARSENIC REMOVAL; OXIDE MINERALS; CESIUM; KINETICS AB Achieving global optimization of inorganic sorbent efficacy, as well as tailoring sorbent specificity for target sorbates, would facilitate increased widespread use of these materials in applications such as producing potable water or nuclear waste treatment. Sodium titanates have long been known as sorbents for radionuclides, Sr-90 and transuranic elements in particular. We have developed a related class of materials, which we refer to as peroxo-titanates. These are sodium titanates or hydrous titanates synthesized in the presence of, or treated postsynthesis with, hydrogen peroxide. Peroxo-titanates show remarkable and universal improved sorption behavior with respect to separation of actinides and strontium from Savannah River Site (SRS) nuclear waste simulants. Enhancement in sorption kinetics can potentially result in as much as an order of magnitude increase in batch processing throughput. Peroxo-titanates have been produced by three different synthetic routes: postsynthesis peroxide treatment of a commercially produced monosodium titanate, an aqueous-peroxide synthetic route, and an isopropanol-peroxide synthetic route. The peroxo-titanate materials are characteristically yellow to orange, indicating the presence of protonated or hydrated Ti-peroxo species; the chemical formula can be generally written as HvNawTi2O5 center dot(xH(2)O)[yH(z)O(2)], where (v + w) = 2, z = 0-2, and total volatile species accounts for 25-50 wt % of the solid. Further enhancement of sorption performance is achieved by processing, storing, and utilizing the peroxo-titanate as an aqueous slurry rather than a dry powder and by postsynthesis acidification. All three synthesis modifications, addition of hydrogen peroxide, use of a slurry form, and acidification, can be applied more broadly to the optimization of other metal oxide sorbents and other ion separations processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov; david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 26 BP 6425 EP 6435 DI 10.1021/cm061797h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 118IK UT WOS:000242935500051 ER PT J AU Khanna, V Cochran, EW Hexemer, A Stein, GE Fredrickson, GH Kramer, EJ Li, X Wang, J Hahn, SF AF Khanna, V. Cochran, E. W. Hexemer, A. Stein, G. E. Fredrickson, G. H. Kramer, E. J. Li, X. Wang, J. Hahn, S. F. TI Effect of chain architecture and surface energies on the ordering behavior of lamellar and cylinder forming block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; STRONG-SEGREGATION; MICELLE FORMATION; INDUCED ALIGNMENT; POLYMER BLENDS; FIELD THEORY; POLYSTYRENE AB We investigate the effect of surface energy and chain architecture on the orientation of microdomains in relatively thick films (600-800 nm) of lamellar and cylindrical block copolymers of poly(cyclohexylethylene) (C) and poly(ethylene) (E). The E block has 26 ethyl branches per 1000 backbone carbon atoms. Melt surface energies of the C and E blocks are 22.3 and 20.9 mJ/m(2), respectively. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that cylindrical and lamellar CEC triblock copolymers orient their microdomains normal to the surface throughout the film thickness. However, a lamellar CE diblock copolymer prefers a parallel orientation of the lamellae relative to the surface with an E surface layer. Moreover, a cylindrical CEBC triblock copolymer where the EB block has 125 ethyl branches per 1000 backbone carbon atoms leads to EB cylinder domains that always orient parallel to the surface. In this case the lower surface energy EB block dominates the surface. Calculations using self-consistent-field theory allow us to interpret the experimental results in terms of the entropic cost of forming a wetting layer comprised entirely of looping blocks. Thus, in triblock copolymers, parallel orientations are only stabilized when the midblock has the lower surface energy, and the difference in surface energies of the two blocks is large enough to compensate for this conformational penalty, which is absent in diblock copolymers. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Performance Plast & Chem, Freeport, TX 77541 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Stein, Gila/P-1927-2016; OI Stein, Gila/0000-0002-3973-4496; Cochran, Eric/0000-0003-3931-9169 NR 49 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 26 BP 9346 EP 9356 DI 10.1021/ma0609228 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 118IJ UT WOS:000242935400064 ER PT J AU Doucet, GJ Dorman, D Cueto, R Neau, D Russo, PS AF Doucet, G. J. Dorman, D. Cueto, R. Neau, D. Russo, P. S. TI Matrix fluorescence photobleaching recovery for polymer molecular weight distributions and other applications SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SELF-DIFFUSION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; PROBE DIFFUSION; POLYDISPERSITY ANALYSIS; UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION; MODULATION DETECTION; HINDERED DIFFUSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORM AB A new method for determining molecular weight distributions is explored. Matrix fluorescence photobleaching recovery (MFPR) requires dye attachment to the polymer analyte. No physical separation of macromolecules is accomplished, as in the predominant gel permeation chromatography technique. Rather, the distribution of diffusion coefficients is determined by inverse Laplace transformation of fluorescence photobleaching recovery decay profiles, and the diffusion data are then mapped onto molecular weight using a measured calibration. Resolution is enhanced by forcing the labeled polymer analyte to diffuse through a solution that contains unlabeled matrix, which can even be the same type of polymer. Relative to free diffusion, this increases the dependence of diffusion on molecular weight, making it easier to differentiate components having similar mass. Simulated, noise-corrupted data for molecules diffusing by reptation suggest that excellent resolution may be achieved. Empirical tests were conducted using fluorescent dextran and pullulan diffusers in unlabeled dextran matrix solutions. Although the resolution fell short of the simulated results, it exceeded that available from gel permeation chromatography as normally practiced. An investigation conducted to understand why the full resolution was not achieved revealed that matrix solutions of high molecular weight dextran lie in the unentangled semidilute regime, as evidenced by the scaling behavior of probe diffusion with probe molecular weight, the absence of a rheological plateau modulus, and the shape of the small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. Branching of high-molecular-weight dextran seems to preclude entry into the entangled regime, where a stronger diffusion vs mass relationship is expected. The good performance that was nevertheless achieved suggests that further exploration may prove fruitful. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Macromol Studies Grp, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Russo, PS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM chruss@lsu.edu RI Cueto, Rafael/A-5904-2008; Russo, Paul/G-6473-2012 NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 26 BP 9446 EP 9455 DI 10.1021/ma0608525 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 118IJ UT WOS:000242935400077 ER PT J AU Choi, W Lee, JK Findikoglu, AT AF Choi, Woong Lee, Jung-Kun Findikoglu, Alp T. TI Effect of grain alignment on interface trap density of thermally oxidized aligned-crystalline silicon films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; TRANSISTORS; STATE AB The authors report studies of the effect of grain alignment on interface trap density of thermally oxidized aligned-crystalline silicon (ACSi) films by means of capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. C-V curves were measured on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated on < 001 >-oriented ACSi films on polycrystalline substrates. From high-frequency C-V curves, the authors calculated a decrease of interface trap density from 2x10(12) to 1x10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1) as the grain mosaic spread in ACSi films improved from 13.7 degrees to 6.5 degrees. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of grain alignment as a process technique to achieve significantly enhanced performance in small-grained (<= 1 mu m) polycrystalline Si MOS-type devices. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choi, W (reprint author), Appl Mat Sci, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM woong_choi@amat.com; findik@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 26 AR 262111 DI 10.1063/1.2424655 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121KX UT WOS:000243157600052 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Weber, WJ AF Jiang, W. Zhang, Y. Shutthanandan, V. Thevuthasan, S. Weber, W. J. TI Temperature response of C-13 atoms in amorphized 6H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SELF-DIFFUSION; CARBON; ACCUMULATION; IMPLANTS AB Implantation of C-13(2+) ions was employed to produce a concentration profile in 6H-SiC at 140 K. In situ study of C-13-implanted species was performed using the resonant reaction of C-13(p,gamma)N-14 at E-p=1.748 MeV. Significant C-13 diffusion in the amorphized SiC does not occur up to 1130 K. The presence of Au implants (1.9 at. %) does not affect the C-13 behavior. High-energy H+ irradiation also does not promote the C-13 diffusion. The results suggest that C atoms are readily trapped locally in the SiC structure during disordering, which is important in understanding the amorphization and recrystallization processes in SiC. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 26 AR 261902 DI 10.1063/1.2422892 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121KX UT WOS:000243157600024 ER PT J AU Ni, X Ozgur, U Fu, Y Biyikli, N Xie, J Baski, AA Morkoc, H Liliental-Weber, Z AF Ni, X. Ozgur, U. Fu, Y. Biyikli, N. Xie, J. Baski, A. A. Morkoc, H. Liliental-Weber, Z. TI Defect reduction in (11(2)over-bar-0) a-plane GaN by two-stage epitaxial lateral overgrowth SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH AB The authors report a two-stage epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) method to get uniformly coalesced (1120) a-plane GaN using metal organic chemical vapor deposition by employing a relatively lower growth temperature in the first stage followed by conditions leading to enhanced lateral growth in the second. Using a two-stage ELO method the average Ga-polar to N-polar wing growth rate ratio has been reduced from 4-6 to 1.5-2, which consequently reduced the height difference between the two approaching wings at the coalescence front that resulted from the wing tilt (0.44 degrees for Ga and 0.37 degrees for N wings, measured by x-ray diffraction), thereby making their coalescence much easier. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the threading dislocation density in the wing areas was 1.0x10(8) cm(-2), more than two orders of magnitude lower than that in the window areas (4.2x10(10) cm(-2)). However, high density of basal stacking faults of 1.2x10(4) cm(-1) was still present in the wing areas as compared to c-plane GaN where they are rarely observed away from the substrate. Atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence measurements on the coalesced ELO a-plane GaN sample also indicated improved material quality. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ni, X (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM nix@vcu.edu RI Ni, Xianfeng/A-9429-2008; Ni, Xianfeng/A-1635-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 26 AR 262105 DI 10.1063/1.2423328 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121KX UT WOS:000243157600046 ER PT J AU Vennila, S Kulkarni, SR Saxena, SK Liermann, HP Sinogeikin, SV AF Vennila. R, Selva Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Saxena, Surendra K. Liermann, Hans-Peter Sinogeikin, Stanislav V. TI Compression behavior of nanosized nickel and molybdenum SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; SHOCK COMPRESSION; HIGH-PRESSURE; EQUATION; STATE; GPA; TRANSFORMATION; CONDUCTIVITY; METALS AB X-ray diffraction studies of nanomolybdenum and nanonickel were conducted using a synchrotron source under nonhydrostatic compression up to pressures of 37 and 56 GPa, respectively. No phase transitions were found up to the maximum pressure studied. Bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were calculated from the pressure-volume data using the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. A decrease in compressibility in both systems with decrease in particle size has been observed. Compressibility behavior in nanometals studied is similar to the effect explained by Hall [Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B 64, 747 (1951)] and Petch [J. Iron Steel Inst., London 174, 25 (1953)]. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Geophys Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vennila, S (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM selva.raju@fiu.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 26 AR 261901 DI 10.1063/1.2422886 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121KX UT WOS:000243157600023 ER PT J AU Shreeram, S Hee, WK Demidov, ON Kek, C Yamaguchi, H Fornace, AJ Anderson, CW Appella, E Bulavin, DV AF Shreeram, Sathyavageeswaran Hee, Weng Kee Demidov, Oleg N. Kek, Calvina Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Fornace, Albert J., Jr. Anderson, Carl W. Appella, Ettore Bulavin, Dmitry V. TI Regulation of ATM/p53-dependent suppression of myc-induced lymphomas by Wip1 phosphatase SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE CHECKPOINTS; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; ATM ACTIVATION; P53; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; PATHWAY; APOPTOSIS; CANCER; PPM1D; TUMORIGENESIS AB The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a key tumor suppressor that regulates numerous cell cycle checkpoints as well as apoptosis. Here, we report that ATM is a critical player in the regulation of apoptosis and lymphomagenesis in the presence of c-myc. In turn, deletion of the inhibitory ATM phosphatase, Wip1, results in ATM up-regulation and suppression of E mu-myc-induced B cell lymphomas. Using mouse genetic crosses, we show that the onset of myc-induced lymphomas is dramatically delayed in Wip1-null mice in an ATM- and p53-, but not p38 MAPK- or Arf-, dependent manner. We propose that Wip1 phosphatase is critical for regulating the ATM- mediated tumor surveillance network. C1 Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Canc Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Genet & Complex Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bulavin, DV (reprint author), Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore. EM dvbulavin@imcb.a-star.edu.sg RI Fornace, Albert/A-7407-2008; OI Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X; Sathyavageeswaran, Shreeram/0000-0002-6111-1818; Demidov, Oleg/0000-0003-4323-7174 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 26 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 203 IS 13 BP 2793 EP 2799 DI 10.1084/jem.20061563 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120QH UT WOS:000243099400002 PM 17158963 ER PT J AU Vorderwisch, P Shapiro, SM AF Vorderwisch, P. Shapiro, S. M. TI Phonon dispersion in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa studied by neutron spectroscopy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT05) CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Ni2MnGa; phonon dispersion; neutron scattering ID TRANSFORMATION; STRAIN AB Neutron spectroscopy is an ideal technique to study the structure and dynamics of crystals. For the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa, all previously obtained information from inelastic neutron scattering experiments is restricted to the phonon dispersion in the austenitic (fcc) phase of alloys with different compositions. For the (tetragonally distorted) martensitic phase recent inelastic neutron scattering data are presented. These new data were taken on a single crystal with stoichiometric composition. A single-variant martensitic phase of the sample has been obtained by the application of magnetic fields in horizontal or vertical direction with respect to the scattering plane used in the experiments. The measured phonon-dispersion curves are compared with recently published ab initio (zero-temperature) phonon-dispersion calculations. The anomalous phonon behavior observed in both, the austenitic and martensitic phase is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vorderwisch, P (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM vorderwisch@hmi.de RI Shapiro, Stephen/D-6747-2013 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 438 SI SI BP 450 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.100 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117VH UT WOS:000242900900097 ER PT J AU LaGrange, T Abromeit, C Gotthardt, R AF LaGrange, T. Abromeit, C. Gotthardt, R. TI Microstructural modifications of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy thin films induced by electronic stopping of high-energy heavy ions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT05) CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE NiTi; ion implantation; microstructure; transmission electron microscopy ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED CRYSTALLINE; PHASE AB The current study is part of an overarching goal to develop an ion implantation process for producing cyclic actuating elements used in microelectromechanical systems. The damage produced by high-energy ions can be used as a means to selectively suppress the martensitic transformation and bias the motion of shape memory alloy thin films Ni-Ti. In order to optimize the performance of these devices, detailed knowledge of the influence of ion implantation on the microstructure is needed. Recent experiments have shown that complex microstructures are formed after 5 MeV Ni ion implantation. In particular, the extensive surface amorphization and the depth distributions of the irradiation induced phase transformations, which were more prominent at shallower depths than expected, did not correlate with ion transport theories involving nuclear stopping damage distributions. Although electronic stopping effects are normally neglected in metals in these energy regimes, they may explain the unexpected surface amorphization since electronic stopping is the prevalent mode of ion energy transfer at shallow depths. Therefore, swift ion irradiation experiments were conducted to assess the effects of electronic stopping on the damage production. Microstructural observations showed that significant damage was produced from ions possessing low electronic stopping powers (< 9 keV/nm) near those of 5 MeV Ni ions (3 keV/nm), confirming, in part, that electronic stopping effects contribute to the damage processes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Gotthardt, R (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Inst Phys Complex Matter, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM rolf.gotthardt@epfl.ch NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 438 SI SI BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.056 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117VH UT WOS:000242900900113 ER PT J AU Planes, A Porta, M Castan, T Saxena, A AF Planes, Antoni Porta, Marcel Castan, Teresa Saxena, Avadh TI Magnetostructural tweed in ferromagnetic Heusler shape-memory alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformations (ICOMAT05) CY JUN 13-17, 2005 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE multiferroic materials; Heusler alloys; precursors; disorder; tweed ID TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS AB in a number of ferromagnetic Hensler shape-memory alloys, magnetic modulations occur as precursors to the magnetic and/or martensitic transitions. They show up in the form of stripe-like or cross-hatched patterns. In the latter case, they correspond to the well known tweed patterns observed in numerous alloys undergoing a martensitic transition. In this work, we show that the tweed concept is not just structural but applicable to a much broader class of materials and that its origin lies in very general requirements. We present a model that fulfills these requirements and is applied to the study of magnetic stripe-like precursor modulations in ferromagnetic Heusler shape-memory alloys. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Planes, A (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. EM toni@ecm.ub.es RI Planes, Antoni/O-1904-2015; OI Planes, Antoni/0000-0001-5213-5714; Porta Tena, Marcel/0000-0001-7582-9671 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 438 SI SI BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.113 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117VH UT WOS:000242900900201 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Luther, BM Rocca, JJ Attwood, DT AF Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Larotonda, M. A. Luther, B. M. Rocca, J. J. Attwood, D. T. TI Spatial coherence measurements of a 13.2 nm transient nickel-like cadmium soft X-ray laser pumped at grazing incidence SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; OPTICS AB The spatial coherence of a 13.2 nm transient collisional Ni-like Cd soft X-ray laser pumped at 23 degrees grazing incidence was measured in a series of Young's double-slit experiments. We observed pronounced fringe visibility variations associated with microstructures in the beam's intensity profile. The transverse coherence length was measured to be about 1/20 of the beam diameter and did not significantly improve with longer plasma columns. The equivalent incoherent source size is determined to be 10 mu m and the laser's peak spectral brightness similar to 3 x 10(23) photons/sec/mm(2)/mrad(2) within less than 0.01% spectral bandwidth. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ywliu@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 26 BP 12872 EP 12879 DI 10.1364/OE.14.012872 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 121FX UT WOS:000243144600034 PM 19532180 ER PT J AU Fielden, J Gunning, PT Long, DL Nutley, M Ellern, A Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Fielden, John Gunning, Patrick T. Long, De-Liang Nutley, Margaret Ellern, Arkady Kogerler, Paul Cronin, Leroy TI Anion control of isomerism, crystal packing and binding properties in a mononuclear zinc complex SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE zinc complex; amino acid binding; anion control; crystal engineering ID COORDINATION; LIGANDS; DESIGN AB The coordination chemistry of the tetradentate pyridyl N-donor ligand cis-3,5-bis-[2-pyridinyleneamin]-trans-hydroxycyclohexane(DDOP) has been investigated with zinc(II) nitrate and trillate. The resulting complexes, [Zn(DDOP)(H2O)(NO3)](NO3) (1), and [Zn(DDOP)(H2O)(OTf)](OTf) (2) differ not only in their counterions, but also the arrangement of the axial ligands and their solid state hydrogen bonded networks. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to assess the difference in binding properties exhibited by the two zinc complexes at physiological pH in an aqueous environment. A series of coordinating amino acids were found to preferentially bind to the mononuclear zinc triflate (1) complex over the corresponding nitrate (2) assembly, with histidine exhibiting a two centre binding mode. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, WestCHEM, Joseph Black Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD DEC 25 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 18 BP 3474 EP 3480 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2006.06.044 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 121UI UT WOS:000243182100003 ER PT J AU Johnson, J Brown, S Stockman, H AF Johnson, Joel Brown, Stephen Stockman, Harlan TI Fluid flow and mixing in rough-walled fracture intersections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE FRACTURE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; REYNOLDS-EQUATION; TAYLOR DISPERSION; APERTURE FIELDS; JUNCTIONS; NETWORKS; VARIABILITY AB [1] Fracture intersections play a basic role in contaminant transport through fracture networks because they allow different fluids to mix and disperse along the flow paths. We use experimental and numerical methods to understand and improve predictions of these phenomena. Laboratory experiments of mixing between two miscible fluids were performed within an artificial, rough-walled fracture intersection made of textured glass. We also develop a numerical model of mixing based on local application of streamline routing within the irregular aperture distribution of the intersection. This model shows good agreement with the laboratory experiments, both in the amount of average mixing and in the spatial distribution of dye streamlines. The numerical model is used to generalize our results based on aperture statistics, and shows that mixing is significantly affected by how well apertures correlate across the intersection, especially as fractures are closed. We conclude that flow channelization through rough-walled intersecting fractures significantly enhances physical mixing compared to intersecting parallel plates. Relative to transport through parallel plate aperture networks, surface roughness may reduce solute dilution and increase solute dispersion. C1 New England Res, White River Jct, VT 05001 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), New England Res, 331 Olcott Dr,Ste L1, White River Jct, VT 05001 USA. EM sbrown@ner.com RI Johnson, Joel/B-8842-2012 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS B12 AR B12206 DI 10.1029/2005JB004087 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 120TQ UT WOS:000243109400002 ER PT J AU Storelvmo, T Kristjansson, JE Ghan, SJ Kirkevag, A Seland, O Iversen, T AF Storelvmo, Trude Kristjansson, Jon Egill Ghan, Steven J. Kirkevag, Alf Seland, Oyvind Iversen, Trond TI Predicting cloud droplet number concentration in Community Atmosphere Model (CAM)-Oslo SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; AEROSOL ACTIVATION; CLIMATE MODEL; LIQUID WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; SULFATE; SIMULATIONS; POLLUTION; GCM; SENSITIVITY AB A new framework for calculating cloud droplet number, including a continuity equation for cloud droplet number concentration, has been developed and implemented in an extended version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 2.0.1 (CAM-2.0.1). The new continuity equation for cloud droplet number concentration consists of a nucleation term and several microphysical sink terms. The nucleation term is calculated on the basis of a parameterization of activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). A subgrid distribution of vertical velocity is used to calculate the range of supersaturations determining the activation within each model grid box. The aerosol types considered in this study are sea salt, sulfate, black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust. The horizontal and vertical distributions of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols are calculated on the basis of AEROCOM (http://nansen.ipsl.jussieu.fr/AEROCOM) sources. Microphysical sink terms for cloud droplets are obtained from a prognostic cloud water scheme, assuming a direct proportionality between loss of cloud water and loss of cloud droplets. On the basis of the framework described above, the cloud droplet number concentration and cloud droplet effective radius are determined. Cloud microphysical and radiative properties compare reasonably well with satellite observations, giving an indication of the soundness of our approach. Our method of fitting the aerosol size distribution with lognormal modes has been evaluated and was found not to introduce systematic errors in our approach. The aerosol indirect effect estimated in the new framework ranges from -0.13 W/m(2) to -0.72 W/m(2), which is significantly smaller than in most other comparable studies. This is largely due to the introduction of microphysical sinks for cloud droplets and a cloud droplet activation scheme which accounts for the so-called competition effect among CCN. As we are not allowing aerosol effects on cloud microphysics and radiation to feed back on the model meteorology, our estimates of the aerosol indirect effect do not include changes in relative humidity and cloud cover. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Storelvmo, T (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, POB 1022, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. EM truds@geo.uio.no RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24208 DI 10.1029/2005JD006300 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120SW UT WOS:000243107300001 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI AF Abelev, B. I. TI Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive jet production in polarized proton collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPRODUCTION; NUCLEON; PAIR AB We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(LL) and the differential cross section for inclusive midrapidity jet production in polarized proton collisions at s=200 GeV. The cross section data cover transverse momenta 5 < p(T)< 50 GeV/c and agree with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD evaluations. The A(LL) data cover 5 < p(T)< 17 GeV/c and disfavor at 98% C.L. maximal positive gluon polarization in the polarized nucleon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Lee, Chang-Hwan/B-3096-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012 OI van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Lee, Chang-Hwan/0000-0003-3221-1171; NR 29 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 252001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97252001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600013 PM 17280342 ER PT J AU Adare, A Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Bataineh, H Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Asai, J Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, B Babintsev, V Baksay, G Baksay, L Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bennet, R Berdnikov, Y Bickley, AA Boissevain, JG Borel, H Boyle, K Brooks, ML Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Butsyk, S Campbell, S Chang, BS Charvet, JL Chernichenko, S Chiba, J Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Chujo, T Chung, P Churyn, A Cianciolo, V Cleven, CR Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Dahms, T Das, K David, G Deaton, MB Dehmelt, K Delagrange, H Denisov, A dEnterria, D Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dion, A Donadelli, M Drapier, O Drees, A Dubey, AK Durum, A Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV Egdemir, J Ellinghaus, F Emam, WS Enokizono, A Enyo, H Esumi, S Eyser, KO Fields, DE Finger, M Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frantz, J Frawley, AD Fujiwara, K Fukao, Y Fusayasu, T Gadrat, S Garishvili, I Glenn, A Gong, H Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y Granier de Cassagnac, R Grau, N Greene, SV Grosse Perdekamp, M Gunji, T Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Hadj Henni, A Haegemann, C Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Han, R Harada, H Hartouni, EP Haruna, K Haslum, E Hayano, R Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Hester, T He, X Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Hohlmann, M Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Horaguchi, T Hornback, D Ichihara, T Imai, K Inaba, M Inoue, Y Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Isobe, T Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jin, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kamin, J Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kanou, H Kano, H Kawall, D Kazantsev, AV Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, E Kinney, E Kiss, A Kisteney, E Kiyomichi, A Klay, J Klein-Boesing, C Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kral, A Kravitz, A Kubart, J Kunde, GJ Kurihara, N Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lai, YS Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Lee, DM Lee, MK Lee, T Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Lenzi, B Liska, T Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Li, X Love, B Lynch, D Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Malik, MD Manko, VI Mao, Y Malek, L Masui, H Matathias, F McCumber, M McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Mikes, P Miki, K Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, M Mitcell, JT Mitrovski, M Morreale, A Morrison, DP Moukhanova, TV Mukhopadhyay, D Murata, J Naglis, M Nagata, Y Nagle, JL Nakagawa, I Nakamiya, Y Nakamura, T Nakano, K Newby, J Nguyen, M Norman, BE Nyanin, AS O'Brien, E Oda, SX Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Okada, K Okada, H Oskarsson, A Omiwade, OO Ouchida, M Ozawa, K Pak, R Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SP Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Peressounko, DY Pinkenburg, C Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Ou, H Rak, J Rakotozafindrabe, A Ravinovich, I Read, KF Rembeczki, S Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rukovatkin, P Rykov, VL Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Sakata, H Samsonov, V Sato, S Sawada, S Seele, J Seidl, R Semenov, V Seto, R Sharma, D Shein, I Shevel, A Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shmimomura, M Shoji, K Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Silvestre, C Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Skutnik, S Slunecka, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Suire, C Sziklai, J Tabaru, T Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Toia, A Tojo, J Tomasek, L Torri, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Vale, C Valle, H van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Vertesi, R Vinogradov, AA Virius, M Vrba, V Vznuzdaev, E Wagner, M Walker, D Wang, XR Watanabe, Y Wessels, J White, SN Winter, D Woody, CL Wysocki, M Xie, W Yamaguchi, Y Yanovich, A Yasin, Z Ying, J Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Younus, I Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zaudtke, O Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L AF Adare, A. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Al-Bataineh, H. Alexander, J. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Asai, J. Atomssa, E. T. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Baksay, G. Baksay, L. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Bennet, R. Berdnikov, Y. Bickley, A. A. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Boyle, K. Brooks, M. L. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Butsyk, S. Campbell, S. Chang, B. S. Charvet, J. L. Chernichenko, S. Chiba, J. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Chujo, T. Chung, P. Churyn, A. Cianciolo, V. Cleven, C. R. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Dahms, T. Das, K. David, G. Deaton, M. B. Dehmelt, K. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. dEnterria, D. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Dietzsch, O. Dion, A. Donadelli, M. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Dubey, A. K. Durum, A. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. Egdemir, J. Ellinghaus, F. Emam, W. S. Enokizono, A. Enyo, H. Esumi, S. Eyser, K. O. Fields, D. E. Finger, M., Jr. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fraenkel, Z. Franz, A. Frantz, J. Frawley, A. D. Fujiwara, K. Fukao, Y. Fusayasu, T. Gadrat, S. Garishvili, I. Glenn, A. Gong, H. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Grosse Perdekamp, M. Gunji, T. Gustafsson, H. A. Hachiya, T. Hadj Henni, A. Haegemann, C. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Han, R. Harada, H. Hartouni, E. P. Haruna, K. Haslum, E. Hayano, R. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Hester, T. He, X. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Hohlmann, M. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Horaguchi, T. Hornback, D. Ichihara, T. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inoue, Y. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Isobe, T. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jia, J. Jin, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kamin, J. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Kanou, H. Kano, H. Kawall, D. Kazentsev, A. V. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. Linney, E. Kiss, A. Kisteney, E. Kiyomichi, A. Kay, J. Klein-Boesing, C. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kral, A. Kravitz, a. Kubart, J. Kunde, G. J. Kurihara, N. Kurita, K. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Lai, Y. S. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Lee, D. M, Lee, M. K. Lee, T. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Lenzi, B. Liska, T. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Li, X LOve, B. Lynch, D Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Malik, M. D. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Malek, L. Masui, H. Matathias, F. McCumber, M. McGaughey, P.L. Miake, Y. Mikes, P. Miki, K. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mishra, M. Mitchell, J. T. Mitrovski, M. Morreale, A. Morrison, D. P. Moukhanova, T. V. Mukhopadhyay, D. Murata, J. Naglis, M. Nagata, Y. Nagle, J. L. Nakagawa, I. Nakamiya, Y. Nakamura, T. Nakano, K. Newby, J. Nguyen, M. Norman, B. E. Nyanin, A. S. O'Brien, E. Oda, S. X. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Okada, K. Okada, H. Oskarsson, A. Omiwade, O. O. Ouchida, M. Ozawa, K. Pak, R. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassilio, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Pate, S. P. Peng, J. C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Peressounko, D. Y. Pinkenburg, C. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Ou, H. Rak, J. Rakotozafindrabe, A. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Rembeczki, S. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rukovatkin, P. Rykov, V. L. Sahlmueller, B. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, S. Sakata, H. Samsonov, V. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Seele, J. Seidl, R. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Sharma, D. Shein, I. Shevel, A. Shibata, T. A. Shigati, K. Shmimomura, M. Shoji, K. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Silvestre, C. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Skutnik, S. Slunecka, M. Soldatov, A, Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stamlis, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Suire, C. Sziklai, J. Tabaru, T. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A, Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A, Tarjan, P. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Toia, A. Tojo, J. Tomasek, L. Torri, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V. N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Vale, C. Valle, H. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Vertesi, R, Vinogradov, A. A. Virius, M. Vrba, V. Vznuzdaev, E. Wagner, M. Walker, D. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. Wessels, J. White, S. N. Winter, D. Woody, C. L. Wysocki, M. Xie, W. Yamaguchi, Y. Yanovich, A. Yasin, Z. Ying, J. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Younus, I. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zaudtke, O. Zhang, C. Zhou, S, Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. TI Measurement of High-p(T) single electrons from heavy-flavor decays in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHENIX AB The momentum distribution of electrons from decays of heavy flavor (charm and bottom) for midrapidity |y|< 0.35 in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 0.3 < p(T)< 9 GeV/c. Two independent methods have been used to determine the heavy-flavor yields, and the results are in good agreement with each other. A fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties, with the data/theory ratio of 1.71 +/- 0.02(stat)+/- 0.18(sys) for 0.3 < p(T)< 9 GeV/c. The total charm production cross section at this energy has also been deduced to be sigma(cc)=567 +/- 57(stat)+/- 193(sys) mu b. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Charles Univ Prague, CZ-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA & Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10533 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Czech Tech Univ, Prague 16636 6, Czech Republic. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Fed, Inst High Energy Phys, IHEP Protvino, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 141980, Russia. Hungarian Acad Sci, RMKI, KFKI, MTA,KFKI,Res Inst Particle & Nucl Res, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, PNPI, St Petersburg 188300, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. St Petersburg Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul, South Korea. RP Adare, A (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; Tomasek, Lukas/G-6370-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; OI Tomasek, Lukas/0000-0002-5224-1936; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Campbell, Sarah/0000-0001-6717-9744; Csorgo, Tamas/0000-0002-9110-9663; Reuter, Michael/0000-0003-3881-8310; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; Skutnik, Steve/0000-0001-6441-135X; Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 16 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 252002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.252002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600014 PM 17280343 ER PT J AU Block, MM Berger, EL Tan, CI AF Block, M. M. Berger, Edmond L. Tan, Chung-I TI Small-x behavior of parton distributions from the observed Froissart energy dependence of the deep-inelastic-scattering cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EP SCATTERING; QCD; MOMENTUM AB We fit the reduced cross section for deep-inelastic electron scattering data to a three parameter ln(2)s fit, A+beta ln(2)(s/s(0)), where s=Q(2)x(1-x)+m(2), and Q(2) is the virtuality of the exchanged photon. Over a wide range in Q(2) (0.11 <= Q(2)<= 1200 GeV2) all of the fits satisfy the logarithmic energy dependence of the Froissart bound. We can use these results to extrapolate to very large energies and hence to very small values of Bjorken x-well beyond the range accessible experimentally. As Q(2)->infinity, the structure function F-2(p)(x,Q(2)) exhibits Bjorken scaling, within experimental errors. We obtain new constraints on the behavior of quark and antiquark distribution functions at small x. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brown Univ, Phys Dept, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Block, MM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 252003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.252003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600015 ER PT J AU Du, MH Branz, HM Crandall, RS Zhang, SB AF Du, Mao-Hua Branz, Howard M. Crandall, Richard S. Zhang, S. B. TI Bistability-mediated carrier recombination at light-induced boron-oxygen complexes in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED CZOCHRALSKI SILICON; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES AB A first-principles study of the BO2 complex in B-doped Czochralski Si reveals a defect-bistability-mediated carrier recombination mechanism, which contrasts with the standard fixed-level Shockley-Read-Hall model of recombination. An O-2 dimer distant from B causes only weak carrier recombination, which nevertheless drives O-2 diffusion under light to form the BO2 complex. Although BO2 and O-2 produce nearly identical defect levels in the band gap, the recombination at BO2 is substantially faster than at O-2 because the charge state of the latter inhibits the hole capture step of recombination. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 256602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.256602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600046 PM 17280375 ER PT J AU Haskel, D van Veenendaal, M AF Haskel, Daniel van Veenendaal, Michel TI Comment on "Atomic origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Nd2Fe14B" - Haskel and van Veenendaal reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAGNETIZATION MEASUREMENTS; SPIN REORIENTATION; R2FE14B; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; MOSSBAUER; GD2FE14B C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 259702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.259702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600077 ER PT J AU Valone, SM Atlas, SR AF Valone, Steven M. Atlas, Susan R. TI Energy dependence on fractional charge for strongly interacting subsystems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LOW ELECTRONIC STATES; DERIVATIVE DISCONTINUITIES; OCCUPIED STATES; PARTICLE NUMBER; BOND; MOLECULES; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS AB The energies of a pair of strongly interacting subsystems with arbitrary noninteger charges are examined from closed- and open-system perspectives. An ensemble representation of the charge dependence is derived, valid at all interaction strengths. Transforming from resonance-state ionicity to ensemble charge dependence imposes physical constraints on the occupation numbers in the strong-interaction limit. For open systems, the chemical potential is evaluated using microscopic and thermodynamic models, leading to a novel correlation between ground-state charge and an electronic temperature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 256402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.256402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600042 PM 17280371 ER PT J AU Vasudevarao, A Kumar, A Tian, L Haeni, JH Li, YL Eklund, CJ Jia, QX Uecker, R Reiche, P Rabe, KM Chen, LQ Schlom, DG Gopalan, V AF Vasudevarao, A. Kumar, A. Tian, L. Haeni, J. H. Li, Y. L. Eklund, C. -J. Jia, Q. X. Uecker, R. Reiche, P. Rabe, K. M. Chen, L. Q. Schlom, D. G. Gopalan, Venkatraman TI Multiferroic domain dynamics in strained strontium titanate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PHASE TRANSITION; THIN-FILMS; SRTIO3; CRYSTALS AB Multiferroicity can be induced in strontium titanate by applying biaxial strain. Using optical second harmonic generation, we report a transition from 4/mmm to the ferroelectric mm2 phase, followed by a transition to a ferroelastic-ferroelectric mm2 phase in a strontium titanate thin film. Piezoelectric force microscopy is used to study ferroelectric domain switching. Second harmonic generation, combined with phase-field modeling, is used to reveal the mechanism of coupled ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain wall motion. These studies have relevance to multiferroics with coupled polar and axial phenomena. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Kristallzuchtung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Vasudevarao, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vgopalan@psu.edu RI Kumar, Amit/C-9662-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Kumar, Amit/0000-0002-1194-5531; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 21 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 257602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.257602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600064 PM 17280393 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Mestayer, JJ Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Yoshida, S Burgdorfer, J AF Zhao, W. Mestayer, J. J. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. Reinhold, C. O. Yoshida, S. Burgdoerfer, J. TI Navigating localized wave packets in phase space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALF-CYCLE PULSES; RYDBERG ATOMS; IONIZATION AB The ability to localize and to steer Rydberg wave packets in phase space using tailored sequences of half-cycle pulses is demonstrated. Classical phase-space portraits are used to explain the method and to illustrate the level of control that can be achieved. This is confirmed experimentally by positioning a phase-space-localized wave packet at the center of a stable island or navigating it around its periphery. This work provides a valuable starting point for further engineering of electronic wave functions. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, Vienna, Austria. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 25 AR 253003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.253003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125AT UT WOS:000243414600019 PM 17280348 ER PT J AU Tanaka, K Lee, WS Lu, DH Fujimori, A Fujii, T Risdiana Terasaki, I Scalapino, DJ Devereaux, TP Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Tanaka, Kiyohisa Lee, W. S. Lu, D. H. Fujimori, A. Fujii, T. Risdiana Terasaki, I. Scalapino, D. J. Devereaux, T. P. Hussain, Z. Shen, Z. -X. TI Distinct Fermi-momentum-dependent energy gaps in deeply underdoped Bi2212 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PSEUDOGAP; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; CA2-XNAXCUO2CL2 AB We used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy applied to deeply underdoped cuprate superconductors Bi2Sr2Ca(1-x) YxCu2O8 (Bi2212) to reveal the presence of two distinct energy gaps exhibiting different doping dependence. One gap, associated with the antinodal region where no coherent peak is observed, increased with underdoping, a behavior known for more than a decade and considered as the general gap behavior in the underdoped regime. The other gap, associated with the near-nodal regime where a coherent peak in the spectrum can be observed, did not increase with less doping, a behavior not previously observed in the single particle spectra. We propose a two-gap scenario in momentum space that is consistent with other experiments and may contain important information on the mechanism of high-transition temperature superconductivity. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Cryogen Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Pacific Inst Theoret Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zxshen@stanford.edu RI TERASAKI, Ichiro/I-7083-2014 OI TERASAKI, Ichiro/0000-0002-6073-2639 NR 26 TC 275 Z9 279 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5807 BP 1910 EP 1913 DI 10.1126/science.1133411 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 119EY UT WOS:000242996800043 PM 17114172 ER PT J AU Valla, T Fedorov, AV Lee, J Davis, JC Gu, GD AF Valla, T. Fedorov, A. V. Lee, Jinho Davis, J. C. Gu, G. D. TI The ground state of the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUASI-PARTICLES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; CA2-XNAXCUO2CL2; LA2-XBAXCUO4; SPINS AB We present studies of the electronic structure of La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4), a system where the superconductivity is strongly suppressed as static spin and charge orders or "stripes" develop near the doping level of x = 1/8. Using angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy, we detect an energy gap at the Fermi surface with magnitude consistent with d-wave symmetry and with linear density of states, vanishing only at four nodal points, even when superconductivity disappears at x = 1/8. Thus, the nonsuperconducting, striped state at x = 1/8 is consistent with a phase-incoherent d-wave superconductor whose Cooper pairs form spin-charge-ordered structures instead of becoming superconducting. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Atom & Solid State Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Valla, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM valla@bnl.gov RI Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013 OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 31 TC 176 Z9 176 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5807 BP 1914 EP 1916 DI 10.1126/science.1134742 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 119EY UT WOS:000242996800044 PM 17110536 ER PT J AU Greenwood, MS Panetta, PD Bond, LJ Mccaw, MW AF Greenwood, M. S. Panetta, P. D. Bond, L. J. McCaw, M. W. TI Ultrasonic sensor to characterize wood pulp during refining SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ultrasonics International (UI 05)/ World Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU 2005) CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE wood pulp; degree of refining; water retention value; consistency; ultrasonic sensor AB A novel sensor concept has been developed for measuring the degree of re. ning, the water retention value (WRV), and the weight percentage of wood pulp during the re. ning process. The measurement time is less than 5 min and the sensor can operate in a slip-stream of the process line or as an at-line instrument. The degree of re. ning and the WRV are determined from settling measurements. The settling of a pulp suspension ( with a weight percentage less than 0.5 wt%) is observed, after the mixer, which keeps the pulp uniformly distributed, is turned off. The attenuation of ultrasound as a function of time is recorded and these data show a peak at a time designated as the ``peak time.'' The peak time T increases with the degree of re. ning, as demonstrated by measuring pulp samples with known degrees of re. ning. The WRV can be determined using the relative peak time, defined as the ratio T-2/T-1, where T-1 is an initial peak time and T-2 is the value after additional re. ning. This method offers an alternative WRV test for the industry to the current time-consuming method. (c) 2006 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ctr Adv Energy Srudies, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Greenwood, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Margaret.greenwood@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP E1123 EP E1126 DI 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.07.008 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 200ZX UT WOS:000248802400208 PM 16920173 ER EF