FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Lyons, KD Honeygan, S Mroz, T AF Lyons, K. David Honeygan, Simone Mroz, Thomas GP ASME TI NETL extreme drilling laboratory studies high pressure high temperature drilling phenomena SO Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE drilling; deep drilling; ultra-deep drilling; high pressure high temperature; HPHT; model validation AB The U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) established an Extreme Drilling Lab to engineer effective and efficient drilling technologies viable at depths greater than 20,000feet. This paper details the challenges of ultra-deep drilling, documents reports of decreased drilling rates as a result of increasing fluid pressure and temperature, and describes NETL's Research and Development activities. NETL is invested in laboratory-scale physical simulation. Their physical simulator will have capability of circulating drilling fluids at 30,000 psi and 480 degrees F around a single drill cutter. This simulator will not yet be operational by the planned conference dates; therefore, the results will be limited to identification of leading hypotheses of drilling phenomena and NETL's test plans to validate or refute such theories. Of particular interest to the Extreme Drilling Lab's studies are the combinatorial effects of drilling fluid pressure, drilling fluid properties, rock properties, pore pressure, and drilling parameters, such as cutter rotational speed, weight on bit, and hydraulics associated with drilling fluid introduction to the rock-cutter interface. A detailed discussion of how each variable is controlled in a laboratory setting will be part of the conference paper and presentation. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Lyons, KD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,PO 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4268-3 PY 2007 BP 791 EP 796 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BGP33 UT WOS:000249557000082 ER PT B AU Raymond, DW Elsayed, MA Polsky, Y Kuszmaul, SS AF Raymond, David W. Elsayed, M. A. Polsky, Yarom Kuszmaul, Scott S. GP ASME TI Laboratory simulation of drill bit dynamics using a model-based servo-hydraulic controller SO Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA ID VIBRATIONS AB Drilling costs are significantly influenced by bit performance when drilling in off-shore formations. Retrieving and replacing damaged downhole tools is an extraordinarily expensive and time-intensive process, easily costing several hundred thousand dollars of off-shore rig time plus the cost of damaged components. Dynamic behavior of the drillstring can be particularly problematic when drilling high strength rock where the risk of bit failure increases dramatically. Many of these dysfunctions arise due to the interaction between the forces developed at the bit-rock interface and the modes of vibration of the drillstring. Although existing testing facilities are adequate for characterizing bit performance in various formations and operating conditions, they lack the necessary drillstring attributes to characterize the interaction between the bit and the bottom hole assembly (BHA). A facility that includes drillstring compliance and yet allows real rock/bit interaction would provide an advanced, practical understanding of the influence of drillstring dynamics on bit life and performance. Such a facility can be used to develop new bit designs and cutter materials, qualify downhole component reliability, and thus mitigate the harmful effects of vibration. It can also serve as a platform for investigating process-related parameters which influence drilling performance and bit-induced vibration to develop improved practices for drilling operators. Sandia National Laboratories is pursuing the development of an advanced laboratory simulation capability which allows the dynamic properties of a BHA to be reproduced in the laboratory. This simulated BHA is used to support an actual drill bit while conducting drilling tests in representative rocks in the laboratory. The advanced system can be used to model the response of more complex representations of a drillstring with multiple modes of vibration. Application of the system to field drilling data is also addressed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raymond, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Polsky, Yarom/F-2764-2013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4268-3 PY 2007 BP 905 EP 914 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BGP33 UT WOS:000249557000094 ER PT S AU Olama, MM Djouadi, SM Papageorgiou, IG Charalambous, CD AF Olama, Mohammed M. Djouadi, Seddik M. Papageorgiou, Ioannis G. Charalambous, Charalambos D. GP IEEE TI Estimation of mobile station position and velocity in multipath wireless networks using the unscented particle filter SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-14 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, United Technol, Springer, Wiley Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, Princeton Univ Press, Maplesoft, Siam ID TRACKING AB This paper presents a method based on wave scattering model for tracking a user. The 3D wave scattering multipath channel model of Aulin is employed together with particle filtering to obtain mobile station location and velocity estimates with high accuracy. This model takes into account non-line-of-sight and multipath propagation environments, which are usually encountered in wireless fading channels. The proposed estimation algorithms are based on the particle filter (PF) and the unscented particle filter (UPF). These algorithms cope with nonlinearities in the channel model in order to estimate the mobile location and velocity. They do not rely on linearized motion models, measurement relations, and Gaussian assumptions, in contrast to the extended Kalman filter (ERY). The performance of the PF/UPF approaches outperforms the EKF approach as simulation results indicate. Moreover, numerical results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms when measurement data do not correspond to the ones generated by the model. This shows the robustness of the algorithm. C1 [Olama, Mohammed M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Olama, Mohammed M.; Djouadi, Seddik M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Papageorgiou, Ioannis G.; Charalambous, Charalambos D.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Olama, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM olamahussemm@ornl.gov; diouadi@ece.utk.edu; chadcha@ucy.ac.cy; ioannisp@ucy.ac.cy NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-1497-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2007 BP 3128 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHP50 UT WOS:000255181701213 ER PT B AU Chen, FQ AF Chen, Fanqing BE Chen, H Hong, Q Ding, JY Wang, XY TI Negative biological impacts of nanoparticle assessed by molecular profiling. SO Proceedings of the 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Journal Environm & Occupat Med, Editorial Off, Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EHIB, Dept Hlth Serv, Kunming Med Coll, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Prevent Med Assoc, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, Environm Hlth Perspect, Shanghai Inst Prevent Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Fudan Univ, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, FQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATION MEDICINE-JEOM PI SHANGHAI PA 1380 ZHONGSHAN ROAD W, SHANGHAI, 200336, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2007 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGV71 UT WOS:000250819100025 ER PT B AU Mendell, MJ AF Mendell, Mark J. BE Chen, H Hong, Q Ding, JY Wang, XY TI Indoor residential chemical exposures with asthma and allergy in infants and children: A review SO Proceedings of the 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Journal Environm & Occupat Med, Editorial Off, Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EHIB, Dept Hlth Serv, Kunming Med Coll, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Prevent Med Assoc, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, Environm Hlth Perspect, Shanghai Inst Prevent Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Fudan Univ, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Environm Mutagen Soc DE indoor air quality; phthalates; volatile organic compounds; formaldehyde; asthma; allergy ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE; BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION; DOMESTIC EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; WALL MATERIALS; NASAL LAVAGE; HOUSE-DUST; SYMPTOMS AB Most research into effects of residential indoor air exposures on asthma and allergies has focused on exposures to biologic allergens, moisture and mold, endotoxin, or combustion byproducts. This paper briefly reviews reported findings on associations of asthma or allergy in infants or children with risk factors related to indoor chemical emissions from residential materials or surface coatings. Associations, some strong (e.g., odds ratios up to 13), were reported. The most frequently identified risk factors were formaldehyde, aromatic organic compounds such as toluene and benzene, plastic materials and plasticizers, and recent painting. Exposures and consequent effects from indoor sources may be exacerbated by decreased ventilation. Identified risk factors may be proxies for correlated exposures. Findings suggest the frequent occurrence of important but preventable effects on asthma and allergy in infants and children worldwide from modern residential building materials and coatings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATION MEDICINE-JEOM PI SHANGHAI PA 1380 ZHONGSHAN ROAD W, SHANGHAI, 200336, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2007 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGV71 UT WOS:000250819100032 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, MA Bollen, J de Sompel, HV AF Rodriguez, Marko A. Bollen, Johan de Sompel, Herbert Van BE Larson, R Rasmussen, E Sugimoto, S Toms, E TI A Practical Ontology for the Large-Scale Modeling of Scholarly Artifacts and their Usage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH ACM/IEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries CY JUN 18-23, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ACM SIG Informat Retrieval, ACM SIG Hypertex, Hypermedia & Web, IEEE TCDL, Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol, Coalit Networked Informat DE Resource Description Framework and Schema; Web Ontology Language; Semantic Networks ID JOURNAL IMPACT AB The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. As a remedy to the third constraint, this article presents a scholarly ontology that was engineered to represent those classes for which large-scale bibliographic and usage data exists, supports usage research, and whose instantiation is scalable to the order of 50 million articles along with their associated artifacts (e.g. authors and journals) and an accompanying 1 billion usage events. The real world instantiation of the presented abstract ontology is a semantic network model of the scholarly community which lends the scholarly process to statistical analysis and computational support. We present the ontology, discuss its instantiation, and provide some example inference rules for calculating various scholarly artifact metrics. C1 [Rodriguez, Marko A.; Bollen, Johan; de Sompel, Herbert Van] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marko@lanl.gov; jbollen@lanl.gov; herbertv@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-644-8 PY 2007 BP 278 EP 287 DI 10.1145/1255175.1255229 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BJI20 UT WOS:000266062800041 ER PT B AU Bollen, J Rodriguez, MA Van de Sompel, H AF Bollen, Johan Rodriguez, Marko A. Van de Sompel, Herbert BE Larson, R Rasmussen, E Sugimoto, S Toms, E TI MESUR: usage-based metrics of scholarly impact SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH ACM/IEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries CY JUN 18-23, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ACM SIG Informat Retrieval, ACM SIG Hypertex, Hypermedia & Web, IEEE TCDL, Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol, Coalit Networked Informat DE Digital libraries; usage data; scholarly evaluation; impact factor; semantic networks C1 [Bollen, Johan; Rodriguez, Marko A.; Van de Sompel, Herbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbollen@lanl.gov; marko@lanl.gov; herbertv@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-644-8 PY 2007 BP 474 EP 474 DI 10.1145/1255175.1255273 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BJI20 UT WOS:000266062800076 ER PT B AU Yang, MQ Yang, JY AF Yang, Mary Qu Yang, Jack Y. BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI An investigation into the feasibility of detecting microscopic disease using machine learning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc AB The prognosis for many cancers could be improved dramatically if they could be detected while still at the microscopic disease stage. We are investigating the possibility of detecting microscopic disease using machine learning approaches based on features derived from gene expression levels and metabolic profiles. We use immunochemistry and QRT-PCR to measure the gene expression profiles from a number of antigens such as cyclin E, P27(KIP1), FHIT, Ki-67, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2. P53, Fas, FasL and hTERT in several particular types of neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas; and the adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), adenomas (ACA), and hyperplasia (ACH) in Cushing's syndrome. We provide statistical evidence that, higher expression levels of hTERT, PCNA and Ki67 etc. are associated with a,higher risk that the tumors are malignant or borderline, as opposed to benign. We also investigated whether higher expression levels of the P27(KIP1) and FHIT etc. are associated with a decreased risk of adrenomedullary tumors. While no significant difference was found between cell-arrest antigens such as P27(KIP1) for malignant, borderline, and benign tumors, there was a significant difference between expression levels of such antigens in normal adrenal medulla samples and in adrenomedullary tumors. C1 [Yang, Mary Qu] NHGRI, Natl Inst Hlth, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Yang, Jack Y.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yang, MQ (reprint author), NHGRI, Natl Inst Hlth, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM yangma@mail.NIH.gov; yang@hadron.mgh.Harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 9 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200007 ER PT B AU Alam, SR Bhatia, N Vetter, JS AF Alam, Sadaf R. Bhatia, Nikhil Vetter, Jeffrey S. BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI Sensitivity analysis of biomolecular simulations using symbolic models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man, Cybermet Soc DE biomolecular simulations; high performance computing; performance modeling and prediction; performance analysis; scalability AB Performance and scaling of biomolecular simulations frameworks largely depends on not only the workload characteristics of the simulations but also the design of underlying processor architecture and interconnection networks. Because construction of Teraflops and Petaflops scale prototype systems for evaluation alone is impractical and cost-prohibitive, architects use analytical models of workloads and architecture simulators to guide their design decisions and tradeoffs. To address the problem of providing scalable yet precise input for network simulators, we have developed a technique to model symbolically the communication patterns of production-level scientific applications to study workload growth rates and to carry out sensitivity analysis. We apply our symbolic modeling scheme to the Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) implementation in the sander package of the AMBER framework and demonstrate how the increase in computation, memory and communication requirements impact the performance and scaling of the PME method on the next-generation massively-parallel systems. C1 [Alam, Sadaf R.; Bhatia, Nikhil; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200051 ER PT B AU Yang, YF Zhu, MM Wu, LY Zhou, JZ AF Yang, Yunfeng Zhu, Michelle M. Wu, Liyou Zhou, Jizhong BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI Biostatistical considerations of the use of genomic DNA reference in microarrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ONEIDENSIS; REDUCTION; IRON; CYTOCHROMES; STANDARD AB Using genomic DNA as common reference in microarray experiments has recently been tested by different laboratories (2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 20, 24-26). While some reported that experimental results of microarrays using genomic DNA reference conformed nicely to those obtained by cDNA: cDNA co-hybridization method, others acquired poor results. We hypothesized that these conflicting reports could be resolved by biostatistical analyses. To test it, microarray experiments were performed in a)4 proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Pair-wise comparison of three experimental conditions was obtained either by direct cDNA: cDNA co-hybridization, or by indirect calculation through a Shewanella genomic DNA reference. Several major biostatistical techniques were exploited to reduce the amount of inconsistency between both methods and the results were assessed We discovered that imposing the constraint of minimal number of replicates, logarithmic transformation and random error analyses significantly improved the data quality. These findings could potentially serve as guidelines for microarray data analysis using genomic DNA as reference. C1 [Yang, Yunfeng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhu, Michelle M.] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wu, Liyou; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yang, YF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangy@ornl.gov; mengxia@cs.siu.edu; lwu@rccc.ou.edu; jzhou@rccc.ou.edu RI Yang, Yunfeng/H-9853-2013 OI Yang, Yunfeng/0000-0001-8274-6196 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 593 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200093 ER PT B AU Chin, G Nakamura, GC Chavarria, DG Sofia, HJ AF Chin, George, Jr. Nakamura, Grant C. Chavarria, Daniel G. Sofia, Heidi J. BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI Graph mining of networks from genome biology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man, Cybermet Soc ID BLAST AB We are developing an advanced toolkit for biological networks, using problems from genome biology to drive this work. We now share our experiences in graph analysis and visualization of microbial genome networks using a collection of new and existing graph mining tools and techniques. We address three key problems in genome biology: the organization of complete genome protein networks, feature extraction across chromosomes in microbial strains, and hierarchical structure of protein families and superfamilies. C1 [Chin, George, Jr.; Nakamura, Grant C.; Chavarria, Daniel G.; Sofia, Heidi J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 1265 EP 1269 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200200 ER PT B AU Alarn, SR Agarwal, PK Kuehn, JA AF Alarn, Sadaf R. Agarwal, Pratul K. Kuehn, Jeffery A. BA Yang, JY BF Yang, JY BE Yang, MQ Zhu, MM Zhang, Y Arabnia, HR Deng, Y Bourbakis, N TI Performance evaluation of a scalable molecular dynamics simulation framework on a massively-parallel system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Engn Med Biol, NSF, Int Soc Intelligent Biol Med, Syst, Man, Cybermet Soc DE petascale computing; biomolecular simulations; massively parallel systems; performanceevaluation and analysis; scalability AB The successors of distributed-memory, massively-parallel processing (MPP) systems that are based on multi-core processor technologies and high-bandwidth communication networks are expected to deliver Petascale computing power for scientific communities in near future. This report presents preliminary performance evaluation and benchmarking results of a scalable biomolecular simulation framework on the Cray XT4 MPP system that contains multi-core Opteron processors. We identify not only the performance enhancing features but also the bottlenecks for biomolecular simulation test cases on this system using a combination of application and vendor specific performance tools. Our results show that unprecedented performance has been achieved for large-scale test cases on the system; however, the critical challenges remain for longer time scale simulations on MPP systems. C1 [Alarn, Sadaf R.; Agarwal, Pratul K.; Kuehn, Jeffery A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alarn, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1509-0 PY 2007 BP 1459 EP 1466 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHG41 UT WOS:000252958200249 ER PT J AU Duan, JQ Nadiga, BT AF Duan, Jinqiao Nadiga, Balasubramanya T. TI Stochastic parameterization for large eddy simulation of geophysical flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; WIND; EDDIES; OCEAN AB Recently, stochastic, as opposed to deterministic, parameterizations are being investigated to model the effects of unresolved subgrid scales ( SGS) in large eddy simulations ( LES) of geophysical flows. We analyse such a stochastic approach in the barotropic vorticity equation to show that ( i) if the stochastic parameterization approximates the actual SGS stresses, then the solution of the stochastic LES approximates the "true" solution at appropriate scale sizes; and that ( ii) when the filter scale size approaches zero, the solution of the stochastic LES approaches the true solution. C1 IIT, Dept Appl Math, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, JQ (reprint author), IIT, Dept Appl Math, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM duan@iit.edu; balu@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0002-9939 EI 1088-6826 J9 P AM MATH SOC JI Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. PY 2007 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.1090/S0002-9939-06-08631-X PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 108KK UT WOS:000242238500034 ER PT B AU Kolb, GJ Hassani, V AF Kolb, Gregory J. Hassani, Vahab GP ASME TI Performance analysis of thermocline energy storage proposed for the 1 MW saguaro solar trough plant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc AB The 1 MW Saguaro solar parabolic trough power plant began operation in December 2005. The plant will initially operate without an energy storage system. However, recent studies predict a thermocline-type storage should be the most cost-effective storage concept for solar parabolic troughs power plants. If such a system can be successfully demonstrated at Saguaro, future trough plants will likely adopt this storage technology. A thermocline storage system for Saguaro has been proposed by Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories and the solar industry. In this paper, the time-dependent performance of the proposed storage system was evaluated with a new model of the plant based on the TRNSYS simulation system. Results indicate that the proposed system should work well at Saguaro. The paper describes the TRNSYS model and the engineering insights gleaned from annual performance simulations of the plant. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kolb, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM gjkolb@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700001 ER PT B AU Diver, RB Moss, TA AF Diver, Richard B. Moss, Timothy A. GP ASME TI Practical field alignment of parabolic trough solar concentrators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc AB In this paper a new technique for parabolic trough mirror alignment based on the use of an innovative Theoretical Overlay Photographic (TOP) approach is described. The technique is a variation on methods used to align mirrors on parabolic dish systems. It involves overlay of theoretical images of the Heat Collection Element (HCE) in the mirrors onto carefully surveyed photographic images and adjustment of mirror alignment until they match. From basic geometric principles, for any given viewer location the theoretical shape and location of the reflected HCE image in the aligned mirrors can be predicted. The TOP approach promises to be practical and straightforward and inherently aligns the mirrors to the HCE. Alignment of an LS-2 mirror module on the rotating platform at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) with the TOP technique along with how it might be implemented in a large solar field is described. Comparison of the TOP alignment to the distant observer approach on the NSTTF LS-2 is presented and the governing equations used to draw the theoretical overlays are developed. Alignment uncertainty associated with this technique is predicted to be less than the mirror slope error. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept 6218, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Diver, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept 6218, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700013 ER PT B AU Price, H Forristall, R Wendelin, T Lewandowski, A Moss, T Gummo, C AF Price, Henry Forristall, Russell Wendelin, Timothy Lewandowski, Allan Moss, Timothy Gummo, Carin GP ASME TI Field survey of parabolic trough receiver thermal performance SO Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc AB This paper describes a technique that uses an infrared (IR) camera to evaluate the in-situ thermal performance of parabolic trough receivers at operating solar power plants. The paper includes results to show how the glass temperature measured with the IR camera correlates with modeled thermal losses from the receiver. Finally, the paper presents results of a field survey that used this technique to quickly sample a large number of receivers to develop a better understanding of how both original and replacement receivers are performing after up to 17 years of operational service. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Price, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700014 ER PT B AU Allendorf, MD Diver, RB Miller, JE Siegel, NP AF Allendorf, Mark D. Diver, Richard B., Jr. Miller, James E. Siegel, Nathan P. GP ASME TI Thermodynamic analysis of mixed-metal ferrites for hydrogen production by two-step water splitting SO Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc DE thermodynamic analysis; spinel; ferrite; redox cycle; hydrogen ID SYSTEM/ AB A thermodynamic analysis of the two-step water splitting process for the production of hydrogen is reported in this paper. Calculations simulating the preparation of ferrite samples, their thermal reduction to form a mixture of metal oxides, and subsequent reoxidation with steam to produce hydrogen were performed. Mixed-metal spinel ferrites of the general form MFe2O4, where M = Co, Ni, or Zn, are compared with iron spinel, Fe3O4. The results indicate that of the four ferrites examined, nickel spinel has the most favorable combination of properties for use in two-step water splitting. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, 7011 E Ave Mail Stop 9291, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700039 ER PT B AU Diver, RB Miller, JE Allendorf, MD Siegel, NP Hogan, RE AF Diver, Richard B. Miller, James E. Allendorf, Mark D. Siegel, Nathan P. Hogan, Roy E. GP ASME TI Solar thermochemical water-splitting ferrite-cycle heat engines SO Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc DE solar; thermochemical; hydrogen; metal oxide; ferrite; redox; heat engine ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; REDOX SYSTEM AB Thermochemical cycles are a type of heat engine that utilize high-temperature heat to produce chemical work. Like their mechanical work-producing Counterparts, their efficiency depends on operating temperature and on the irreversibilities of their internal processes. With this in mind, we have invented innovative design concepts for two-step solar-driven thermochemical heat engines based on iron oxide and iron oxide mixed with other metal oxides (ferrites). These concepts utilize two sets of moving beds of ferrite reactant material in close proximity and moving in opposite directions to overcome a major impediment to achieving high efficiency -thermal recuperation between solids in efficient counter-current arrangements. They also provide inherent separation of the product hydrogen and oxygen and are an excellent match with high-concentration solar flux. However, they also impose unique requirements on the ferrite reactants and materials of construction as well as an understanding of the chemical and cycle thermodynamics. In this paper, the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine concept is introduced and its basic operating principals are described. Preliminary thermal efficiency estimates are presented and discussed. Our results and development approach are also outlined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept 6218, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Diver, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept 6218, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700041 ER PT B AU Miller, JE Evans, LR Stuecker, JN Allendorf, MD Siegel, NP Diver, RB AF Miller, James E. Evans, Lindsey R. Stuecker, John N. Allendorf, Mark D. Siegel, Nathan P. Diver, Richard B. GP ASME TI Materials development for the CR5 solar thermochemical heat engine SO Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc DE solar; thermochemical; hydrogen; metal oxide; ferrite; redox; heat engine ID IRON-OXIDE; REDOX SYSTEM; HYDROGEN; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB The counter-rotating-ring receiver/reactor/recuperator (CR5) solar thermochemical heat engine is a new concept for production of hydrogen that allows for thermal recuperation between solids in an efficient counter-current arrangement. At the heart of the CR5 system are annular rings of a reactive solid ferrite that are thermally and chemically cycled to produce oxygen and hydrogen from water in separate and isolated steps. This design is very demanding from a materials point of view. The ferrite rings must maintain structural integrity and high reactivity after months of thermal cycling and exposure to temperatures in excess of 1100 degrees C. In addition, the design of the rings must have high geometric surface area for gas-solid contact and for adsorption of incident solar radiation. After performing a series of initial screenings, we chose Co0.67Fe2.33O4 as our baseline working material for a planned demonstration of CR5 and have begun additional characterization and development of this material. Our results to date with powders are consistent with the expectation that small particle sizes and the application of a support to inhibit ferrite sintering and enhance the chemistry are critical considerations for a practical operating device. Concurrent with the powder studies, we are using Robocasting, a Sandia-developed technique for free form processing of ceramics, to manufacture monolithic structures with complex three-dimensional geometries for chemical, physical, and mechanical evaluation. We have demonstrated that ferrite/zirconia mixtures can be fabricated into small three-dimensional monolithic lattice structures that give reproducible hydrogen yields over multiple cycles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc 7 Inorgan Matls Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc 7 Inorgan Matls Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 311 EP 320 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700042 ER PT B AU Wendelin, T May, K Gee, R AF Wendelin, Tim May, Ken Gee, Randy GP ASME TI Video Scanning Hartmann Optical testing of state-of-the-art parabolic trough concentrators SO Proceedings of the ASME International Solar Energy Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Energy Conference CY JUL 08-13, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP ASME, Solar Energy Div, Colorado Renewable Energy Soc AB Significant progress has been made recently in solar parabolic trough technology development and deployment. Part of this success is due to the changing world energy scenario and the recognition that viable renewable energy technologies can play a role in supplying world energy needs. Part is also due to ongoing collaborative efforts by industry and the Department of Energy's (DOE) Concentrating Solar Power Program (CSP) to enhance the state of the technology in terms of both cost and performance. Currently, there are two trough concentrator projects which the DOE CSP program is supporting. One company, Solargenix, is developing a design to be used in a 64MW plant outside of Boulder City, Nevada. This design is based on the original LUZ LS-2 trough concentrators employed at the Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS) plants in Southern California. Another company, Industrial Solar Technology (IST), is working on a scale-up of their design used historically for process heat applications. Very different from the LS-2 approach, this design is still in the research and development stages. One way in which the DOE CSP parabolic trough program assists industry is by providing optical testing and qualification of their concentrator designs. This paper describes the Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Test System (VSHOT) used to optically test both of these designs. The paper also presents the results of tests performed in the past year and what impact the testing has had on the developmental direction of each design. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wendelin, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4745-9 PY 2007 BP 699 EP 707 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGQ77 UT WOS:000249814700086 ER PT B AU Wemhoff, AP Burnham, AK Nichols, AL Knap, J AF Wemhoff, Aaron P. Burnham, Alan K. Nichols, Albert L., III Knap, Jaroslaw GP ASME TI Calibration methods for the extended Prout-Tompkins chemical kinetics model and derived cookoff parameters for RDX, HMX, LX-10 and PBXN-109 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME THERMAL ENGINEERING SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering and Summer Heat Transfer Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, JSME ID DECOMPOSITION; EXPLOSIVES; TRANSITION AB Thermal explosions result when local temperature-dependent heat generation exceeds heat loss via conduction. The temperature dependence of the heat source term is directly related to the material's chemical kinetics, and hence the chemical kinetics has a direct impact on the thermal explosion times of a material. Much success has been gained in past work to accurately model thermal explosions in various explosives using multi-step Arrhenius chemical kinetics models. However, the generation of these kinetics models is time consuming and complex. Therefore, a methodology has been developed that allows for calibration of a single-reaction global kinetics model using One Dimensional Time to Explosion (ODTX) experimental data, which combines an iterative approach with a steepest descents optimization. This methodology has been applied to calibrate kinetic parameters for the widely-used explosives RDX (1,3,5-trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine), HMX (octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), LX-10 (95% HMX, 5% Viton binder), and PBX-N-109 (64% RDX, 20% Al, 16% binders). The average error between experimental and simulated ODTX and STEX data using this technique is approximately equivalent to that using the traditional multi-step models, and the time required for calibration of the global kinetics model has been reduced from months to hours. C1 [Wemhoff, Aaron P.; Burnham, Alan K.; Nichols, Albert L., III; Knap, Jaroslaw] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wemhoff, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4276-8 PY 2007 BP 625 EP 632 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BHL34 UT WOS:000254029800072 ER PT B AU Merkle, JG Yoon, KK Sluys, WAD Server, W AF Merkle, J. G. Yoon, K. K. Van Der Sluys, W. A. Server, W. BE Hasegawa, K Scarth, DA TI Technical basis for cases N-629 and N-631 as an alternative for RTNDT reference temperature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1: CODES AND STANDARDS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS; THERMAL-SHOCK; INTEGRITY AB ASME Code Cases N-629/N-631, published in 1999, provided an important new approach to allow material specific, measured fracture toughness curves for ferritic steels in the code applications. This has enabled some of the nuclear power plants whose reactor pressure vessel materials reached a certain threshold level based on overly conservative rules to use an alternative RTNDT to justify continued operation of their plants. These code cases have been approved by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and these have been proposed to be codified in Appendix A and Appendix G of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This paper summarizes the basis of this approach for the record. C1 [Merkle, J. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Merkle, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4279-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 1 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHI93 UT WOS:000253467300005 ER PT B AU Alexandreanu, B Chopra, OK Shack, WJ AF Alexandreanu, B. Chopra, O. K. Shack, W. J. BE Hasegawa, K Scarth, DA TI Crack growth behavior of nickel alloy welds in a PWR environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1: CODES AND STANDARDS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A program is under way at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate the resistance of Ni alloys and their welds to environmentally assisted cracking in simulated Light Water Reactor (LWR) coolant environments. This paper focuses on the cracking behavior of Ni-alloy welds in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment at 290-350 degrees C. Crack growth tests have been conducted on both field- and laboratory-produced welds. The results are compared with the existing crack-growth-rate (CGR) data for Ni-alloy welds to determine the relative susceptibility of specific Ni-alloy welds to environmentally enhanced cracking. To analyze the CGRs, a superposition model was used to establish the individual contributions of mechanical fatigue, corrosion fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking. C1 [Alexandreanu, B.; Chopra, O. K.; Shack, W. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexandreanu, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4279-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 1 BP 201 EP 212 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHI93 UT WOS:000253467300021 ER PT B AU Chopra, OK Gruber, EE Alexandreanu, B Chen, Y Shack, WJ AF Chopra, O. K. Gruber, E. E. Alexandreanu, B. Chen, Y. Shack, W. J. BE Hasegawa, K Scarth, DA TI Crack growth rates of irradiated austenitic stainless steels in BWR environments at 289 degrees c SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1: CODES AND STANDARDS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Crack growth rate (CGR) data have been obtained in boiling water reactor environments on several grades of austenitic stainless steels, including weld heat-affected-zone and cast materials, that were irradiated tip to 2.0 x 10(21) n/cm(2) (E > 1 MeV) (approximate to 3 dpa). Crack growth tests were conducted on 1/4-T compact tension specimens subjected to either a sawtooth waveform with load ratios up to 0.7 and rise times up to 1000 s, or a constant load with or without periodic partial unloading. The results indicate significant enhancement of crack growth rates in the irradiated steels. The results are compared with data obtained from other studies. The existing CGR data are also reviewed to evaluate the effects of material composition, irradiation, and water chemistry on the CGRs in austenitic SSs. The significance of specimen size criteria is discussed. C1 [Chopra, O. K.; Gruber, E. E.; Alexandreanu, B.; Chen, Y.; Shack, W. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chopra, OK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4279-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 1 BP 253 EP 268 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHI93 UT WOS:000253467300026 ER PT B AU McGreevy, TE Abou-Hanna, J AF McGreevy, Timothy E. Abou-Hanna, Jeries BE Basavaraju, C TI Applicability of simplified methods to alloy 617 in excess of 649 degrees C SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The Alloy 617 draft Code case does not permit the use of simplified methods to assess ratcheting when temperatures exceed 649 degrees C. This restriction was placed due to an apparent difficulty in distinguishing between creep and plastic deformation at various strain rates for this material. A numerical evaluation of the B-1 and B-2 Tests for a tube under constant pressure and cyclic thermal gradients (linear and nonlinear) was made. Analysis results indicate that simplified methods currently in Appendix T of ASME-NH are applicable for Alloy 617 in excess of 649 degrees C. C1 [McGreevy, Timothy E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McGreevy, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6155, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4281-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 231 EP 247 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM21 UT WOS:000254224500027 ER PT B AU Dickson, TL EricksonKirk, MT AF Dickson, T. L. EricksonKirk, M. T. BE Basavaraju, C TI Scoping analyses of parameterized cool-down transients associated with reactor shutdown SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The current regulations, as set forth by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), to insure that light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to planned startup (heat-up) and shutdown (cool-down) transients are specified in Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50, which incorporates by reference Appendix G to Section XI of the ASME Code. The technical basis for these regulations contains many aspects that are now broadly recognized by the technical community as being unnecessarily conservative. C1 [Dickson, T. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Eng Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dickson, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Eng Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4281-2 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM21 UT WOS:000254224500044 ER PT B AU Simonen, FA Gosselin, SR Wilkowski, GM Rudland, DL Xu, H AF Simonen, F. A. Gosselin, S. R. Wilkowski, G. M. Rudland, D. L. Xu, H. BE Lidbury, D TI Calculations to benchmark probabilistic fracture mechanics computer codes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper describes calculations to estimate component failure frequencies for components using the PRO-LOCA and PRAISE probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) computer codes. Other PFM codes are also described along with prior benchmarking efforts. The calculations of this paper focus on the failure mechanism of primary water stress corrosion cracking for operating conditions that were known to have failed field components. The objective was to benchmark the newly developed PRO-LOCA code against the older PRAISE code that had a much longer history of prior applications. It was established that advanced modeling capabilities in the PRO-LOCA code simulated parameters that were treated deterministically by the PRAISE code. Excellent agreement of numerical results from the two codes was established once the PRO-LOCA code was applied using selective deterministic treatments. C1 [Simonen, F. A.; Gosselin, S. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400007 ER PT B AU Yin, SJ Williams, PT Dickson, TL Bass, BR AF Yin, Shengjun Williams, Paul T. Dickson, Terry L. Bass, B. Richard BE Lidbury, D TI Applicability of (K, T-stress) methodology to analyze rpv under thermal-hydraulic transients SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID MATERIAL CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS; SHALLOW DEFECTS AB The (K, T-stress) methodology developed by Gao and Dodds [1] is being utilized to introduce crack front plasticity with constraint effects when plastic deformation occurs in structures, for example, when the Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) are subjected to thermal-hydraulic loadings. One crucial step in this procedure is to quantify combinations of flaw geometries and loading conditions (transient sequences) that illustrate the limits of applicability of the two-parameter (K, T-stress) advanced fracture methodology relevant to integrity analyses of RPVs subjected to normal and emergency operating conditions. Numerical analyses were conducted to determine the limits of applicability of (K, T-stress) advanced fracture technology for RPV under thennal-hydraulic loadings. The numerical results indicate that the (K, T-stress) methodology captures the constraint condition of the RPV with typical embedded flaws under a postulated dominant thermal-hydraulic transient. C1 [Yin, Shengjun; Williams, Paul T.; Dickson, Terry L.; Bass, B. Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yin, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400021 ER PT B AU Wiersma, BJ Subramanian, KH Jenkins, CF Hinz, WR Fellinger, AP Plummer, AS AF Wiersma, Bruce J. Subramanian, Karthik H. Jenkins, Charles F. Hinz, William R. Fellinger, Andrew P. Plummer, A. Scott BE Lidbury, D TI Evaluation of the failure of a radioactive waste transfer line jacket SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Radioactive wastes are confined in 49 underground storage tanks at the Savannah River Site. The waste is transported between tanks primarily via an underground transfer piping system. Due to the hazardous nature of the waste, the inner core stainless steel pipe is typically surrounded by a carbon steel pipe jacket, which provides secondary containment. Recently, several through-wall penetrations were discovered on a segment of one of the jackets. An evaluation was performed to verify the failure mechanism and to estimate the degree of damage that existed on the pipe segment. Failure analysis confirmed that pitting corrosion on the exterior of the pipe led to the through-wall penetration. Ultrasonic measurements were utilized to determine the remaining wall thickness in adjacent areas of the pipe. Based on these measurements, the degree of pitting and general corrosion was determined. Pit growth rate models were then developed to estimate the life expectancy of sections of the pipe that had not been excavated. The calculations indicated that the occurrence of through-wall penetrations in this jacket will begin to increase substantially in 12 years. Given that this pipe segment will be utilized beyond this time, short-term and long-term solutions to this failure were proposed. The short-term solutions focused on the repair or replace decisions that must be made to return the jacket to service as soon as practical. The long-term solutions focused on a broader strategy to address jacket integrity issues in the entire waste storage facility. These solutions included the evaluation of innovative remote inspection and repair techniques. C1 [Wiersma, Bruce J.; Subramanian, Karthik H.; Jenkins, Charles F.; Hinz, William R.; Fellinger, Andrew P.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wiersma, BJ (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400036 ER PT B AU Shack, WJ Chopra, OK AF Shack, W. J. Chopra, O. K. BE Lidbury, D TI Statistical initiation and crack growth models for stress corrosion cracking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB are needed for probabilistic fracture mechanics models. Times to failure in laboratory tests on small specimens are about a factor of 1000 shorter than the times to failure of comparably sized "specimens" in the field would have to be in order to get realistic component failure rates. Thus while specimen tests are useful in identifying parametric dependencies, it is unlikely that they can be used directly to develop initiation models for field components without using field data. A scaling approach is proposed to provide a method for pooling data from different size components and for extrapolating experience from one set of components to another set. Estimates of statistical distributions for initiation of stress corrosion cracks are developed from field data for BWR pipe cracking and CRDM cracking. Estimates of statistical distributions of crack growth rates are developed by combining phenomenological models for crack growth rates with expert judgment on the range of input parameters to those models C1 [Shack, W. J.; Chopra, O. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shack, WJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400039 ER PT B AU Ren, WJ Swimdeman, R AF Ren, Weiju Swimdeman, Robert BE Lidbury, D TI Preliminary consideration of alloys 617 and 230 for generation IV nuclear reactor applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Alloys 617 and 230 are currently identified as two leading candidate metallic materials in the down selection for applications at temperatures above 760 degrees C in the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor Systems. Qualifying the materials requires significant information related to Codification, mechanical behavior modeling, metallurgical stability, environmental resistance, and many other aspects. In the present paper, material requirements for the Gen IV Nuclear Reactor Systems are discussed; certain available information regarding the two alloys under consideration for the intended applications are reviewed and analyzed. Suggestions are presented for further R&D activities for the materials selection. C1 [Ren, Weiju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ren, WJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, MS-6155,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 371 EP 384 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400043 ER PT B AU Feng, ZL Ren, WF AF Feng, Zhili Ren, Weiju BE Lidbury, D TI Initial investigation on joining ODS alloy using friction stir welding for Gen IV nuclear reactor heat exchanger applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID MA-956 AB To investigate the possibility of joining oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys while preserving the dispersion for high temperature strength in potential applications to Gen IV nuclear reactor compact heat exchanger, solid-state welding of ODS alloy sheets using friction stir welding (FSW) was studied. Butt weld was successfully produced, and the weld and base metals were characterized using optical, scanning electronic, and transmission electronic microscopes, as well as energy dispersion x-ray spectrum. Microhardness mapping was also conducted over the weld region. Analyses indicate that the distribution of the strengthening oxides was preserved in the weld. Decrease in microhardness of the weld was observed but was insignificant. The preliminary results seem to confirm the envisioned feasibility of FSW application to ODS alloy joining. Further investigation activities are suggested for providing better mechanistic understanding and processing control for applications to Gen IV nuclear reactor systems. C1 [Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feng, ZL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-6095,Bldg 4508, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 431 EP 438 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400052 ER PT B AU Lam, PS Sindelar, RL Adams, TM AF Lam, P. S. Sindelar, R. L. Adams, T. M. BE Lidbury, D TI Literature survey of gaseous hydrogen effects on the mechanical properties of carbon and low alloy steels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Literature survey has been performed for a compendium of mechanical properties of carbon and low alloy steels following hydrogen exposure. The property sets include yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, reduction of area, threshold stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth. These properties are drawn from literature sources under a variety of test methods and conditions. However, the collection of literature data is by no means complete, but the diversity of data and dependency of results in test method is sufficient to warrant a design and implementation of a thorough test program. The program would be needed to enable a defensible demonstration of structural integrity of a pressurized hydrogen system. It is essential that the environmental variables be well-defined (e.g., the applicable hydrogen gas pressure range and the test strain rate) and the specimen preparation be realistically consistent (such as the techniques to charge hydrogen and to maintain the hydrogen concentration in the specimens). C1 [Lam, P. S.; Sindelar, R. L.; Adams, T. M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lam, PS (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 501 EP 517 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400060 ER PT B AU Duncan, A Lam, PS Adams, T AF Duncan, Andrew Lam, Poh-Sang Adams, Thad BE Lidbury, D TI Tensile testing of carbon steel in high pressure hydrogen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB An infrastructure of new and existing pipelines and systems will be required to carry and to deliver hydrogen as an alternative energy source under the hydrogen economy. Carbon and low alloy steels of moderate strength are currently used in hydrogen delivery systems as well as in the existing natural gas systems. It is critical to understand the material response of these standard pipeline materials when they are subjected to pressurized hydrogen environments. The methods and results from a testing program to quantify hydrogen effects on mechanical properties of carbon steel pipeline and pipeline weld materials are provided. Tensile properties of one type of steel (A 106 Grade B) in base metal, welded and heat affected zone conditions were tested at room temperature in air and high pressure (10.34 MPa or 1500 psig) hydrogen. A general reduction in the materials ability to plastically deform was noted in this material when specimens were tested in hydrogen. Furthermore, the primary mode of fracture was changed from ductile rupture in air to cleavage with secondary tearing in hydrogen. The mechanical test results will be applied in future analyses to evaluate service life of the pipelines. The results are also envisioned to be part of the bases for construction codes and structural integrity demonstrations for hydrogen service pipeline and vessels. C1 [Duncan, Andrew; Lam, Poh-Sang; Adams, Thad] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Duncan, A (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400061 ER PT B AU Blandford, RK Morton, DK Snow, SD Rahl, TE AF Blandford, R. K. Morton, D. K. Snow, S. D. Rahl, T. E. BE Lidbury, D TI Tensile stress-strain results for 304L and 316L stainless steel plate at temperature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The Idaho National Laboratory is conducting moderate strain rate (5 to 200 per second) research on stainless steel materials in support of the Department of Energy's National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program. For this research, strain rate effects are characterized by comparison to quasi-static tensile test results. Considerable tensile testing has been conducted resulting in the generation of a large amount of basic material data expressed as engineering and true stress-strain curves. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of quasi-static tensile testing of 304L and 316L stainless steels in order to add to the existing data pool for these materials and make the data more readily available to other researchers, engineers, and interested parties. Standard tensile testing of round specimens in accordance with ASTM procedure A 370-03a was conducted on 304L and 316L stainless steel plate materials at temperatures ranging from -20 degrees F to 600 degrees F. Two plate thicknesses, eight material heats, and both base and weld metal were tested. Material yield strength, ultimate strength, ultimate strain, fracture strength, fracture strain and reduction in area were determined. Engineering and true stress-strain curves to failure were developed and comparisons to ASME Code minimums were made. The procedures used during testing and the typical results obtained are presented in this paper. C1 [Blandford, R. K.; Morton, D. K.; Snow, S. D.; Rahl, T. E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Blandford, RK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 617 EP 628 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400073 ER PT B AU Simonen, FA Gosselin, SR Lydell, BOY Rudland, DL Wilkowski, GM AF Simonen, F. A. Gosselin, S. R. Lydell, B. O. Y. Rudland, D. L. Wilkowski, G. M. BE Lidbury, D TI Application of failure event data to benchmark probabilistic fracture mechanics computer codes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper describes an application of data on cracking, leak and rupture events from nuclear power plant operating experience to estimate failure frequencies for piping components that had been previously evaluated using the PROLOCA and PRAISE probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) computer codes. The calculations had addressed the failure mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking, intergranular stress corrosion cracking and fatigue for materials and operating conditions that were known to have failed components. The first objective was to benchmark the calculations against field experience. A second objective was a review of uncertainties in the treatments of the data from observed failures and in the structural mechanics models. The database PIPExp-2006 was applied to estimate failure frequencies. Because the number of reported failure events was small, there were also statistical uncertainties in the estimates of frequencies. Comparisons of predicted and observed failure frequencies showed that PFM codes correctly predicted relatively high failure probabilities for components that had experienced field failures. However, the predicted frequencies tended to be significantly greater than those estimated from plant operating experience. A review of the PFM models and inputs to the models showed that uncertainties in the calculations were sufficiently large to explain the differences between the predicted and observed failure frequencies. C1 [Simonen, F. A.; Gosselin, S. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 703 EP 711 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400083 ER PT B AU Sindelar, RL Lam, PS Duncan, AJ Wiersma, BJ Subramanian, KH Elder, JB AF Sindelar, Robert L. Lam, Poh-Sang Duncan, Andrew J. Wiersma, Bruce J. Subramanian, Karthik H. Elder, James B. BE Lidbury, D TI Development and application of materials properties for flaw stability analysis in extreme environment service SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE radiation effects; fracture toughness; aging; IGSCC; safety factors ID IRRADIATION; REACTORS; COPPER; STEEL; RATES AB Discovery of aging phenomena in the materials of a structure may arise after its design and construction that impact its structural integrity. This condition can be addressed through a demonstration of integrity with the material-specific degraded conditions. Two case studies of development of fracture and crack growth property data, and their application in development of in-service inspection programs for nuclear structures in the defense complex are presented. The first case study covers the development of fracture toughness properties in the form of J-R curves for rolled plate Type 304 stainless steel with Type 308 stainless steel filler in the application to demonstrate the integrity of the reactor tanks of the heavy water production reactors at the Savannah River Site. The fracture properties for the base, weld, and heat-affected zone of the weldments irradiated at low temperatures (110 degrees- 150 degrees C) up to 6.4 dpa(NRT) and 275 appm helium were developed. An expert group provided consensus for application of the irradiated properties for material input to acceptance criteria for ultrasonic examination of the reactor tanks. Dr. Spencer H. Bush played a lead advisory role in this work. The second case study covers the development of fracture toughness for A285 carbon steel in high level radioactive waste tanks. The approach in this case study incorporated a statistical experimental design for material testing to address metallurgical factors important to fracture toughness. Tolerance intervals were constructed to identify the lower bound fracture toughness for material input to flaw disposition through acceptance by analysis. C1 [Sindelar, Robert L.; Lam, Poh-Sang; Duncan, Andrew J.; Wiersma, Bruce J.; Subramanian, Karthik H.; Elder, James B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Sindelar, RL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 723 EP 732 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400086 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK Bass, BR Rosseel, TM Merkle, JG Sokolov, MA AF Nanstad, Randy K. Bass, B. Richard Rosseel, Thomas M. Merkle, John G. Sokolov, Mikhail A. BE Lidbury, D TI Heavy-section steel technology and irradiation programs-retrospective and prospective views SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; WELDMENTS AB In 1965, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), at the advice of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS), initiated the process that resulted in the establishment of the Heavy Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Dr. Spencer H. Bush of Battelle Northwest Laboratory, the man being honored by this symposium, representing the ACRS, was one of the Staff Advisors for the program and helped to guide its technical direction. In 1989, the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program, formerly the HSST task on irradiation effects, was formed as a separate program, and this year the HSST/HSSI Programs, sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC), celebrate 40 years of continuous research oriented toward the safety of light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessels. This paper presents a summary of results from those programs with a view to future activities. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.; Rosseel, Thomas M.; Merkle, John G.; Sokolov, Mikhail A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rosseel, Thomas/J-4086-2016 OI Rosseel, Thomas/0000-0001-9917-7073 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 733 EP 752 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400087 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK Scibetta, M AF Nanstad, Randy K. Scibetta, Marc BE Smith, AC TI IAEA coordinated research project on master curve approach to monitor fracture toughness of RPV steels: Effects of bias, constraint, and geometry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID SPECIMENS; T-0 AB There is strong interest from the nuclear industry to use the precracked Charpy single-edge notched bend, SE(B), specimen (PCVN) to enable determination of the reference temperature, To, with reactor pressure vessel surveillance specimens. Unfortunately, for many different ferritic steels, tests with the PCVN specimen (10x10x55 mm) have resulted in T-0 temperatures up to 25 degrees C lower than To values obtained using data from 25-mm thick compact specimens [ITC(T)]. This difference in T-0 reference temperature has often been designated a specimen bias effect, and the primary focus for explaining this effect is loss of constraint in the PCVN specimen. The International Atomic Energy Agency has developed a three-part coordinated research project (CRP) to evaluate various issues associated with the fracture toughness Master Curve for application to light-water reactor pressure vessels. One part of the CRP is focused on the issue of test specimen geometry effects, with emphasis on the PCVN bias. Participating organizations for this part of the CRP are performing fracture toughness testing of various steels, including the reference steel JRQ (A533-B-1) often used for IAEA studies, with various types of specimens under various conditions. Additionally, many of the participants are taking part in a round robin exercise on finite element modeling of the PCVN specimen. Some preliminary results from fracture toughness tests are compared with regard to effects of specimen size and type on the reference temperature To. In agreement with a number of published results, the results do generally show lower values of To from the PCVN specimen compared with the compact and larger bend specimens. They also clearly show higher apparent fracture toughness for the shallow crack compared with the deep crack configuration. Moreover, the SE(B) specimens exhibit a tendency for decreasing To with decreasing specimen size (thickness and/or remaining ligament). Additionally, as shown in previous CRPs, the results also exhibit a dependence on test temperature. Following completion of all testing, the results will be evaluated relative to existing proposed models with a view towards developing an understanding of the reasons for the observed differences. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 223 EP 233 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800027 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK McCabe, DE Sokolov, MA Merkle, JG AF Nanstad, Randy K. McCabe, Donald E. Sokolov, Mikhail A. Merkle, John G. BE Smith, AC TI Experimental evaluation of deformation and constraint characteristics in precracked Charpy and other three-point bend specimens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB To enable determination of the fracture toughness reference temperature, T-0, with reactor pressure vessel surveillance specimens, the precracked Charpy (PCVN) three-point bend, SE(B), specimen is of interest. Compared with the 25-mm (1 in.) thick compact, 1TC(T), specimen, tests with the PCVN specimen (10x10x55 mm) have resulted in T-0 temperatures as much as 40 degrees C lower (a so-called specimen bias effect). The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a two-part project to evaluate the C(T) versus PCVN differences, (1) calibration experiments concentrating on test practices, and (2) a matrix of transition range tests with various specimen geometries and sizes, including 1T SE(B) and 1TC(T). The test material selected was a plate of A533 grade B class 1 steel. The calibration experiments included assessment of the computational validity of J-integral determinations, while the constraint characteristics of various specimen types and sizes were evaluated using key curves and notch strength determinations. The results indicate that J-integral solutions for the small PCVN specimen are comparable in terms of J-integral validity with 1T bend specimens. Regarding constraint evaluations, Phase I deformation is defined where plastic deformation is confined to crack tip plastic zone development, whereas Phase II deformation is defined where plastic hinging deformation develops. In Phase II deformation, the 0.5T SE(B) BxB specimen (slightly larger than the PCVN specimen) consistently showed the highest constraint of all SE(B) specimens evaluated for constraint comparisons. The PCVN specimen begins the Phase II type of deformation at relatively low K-R levels, with the result that K-Jc values above about 70 MPa root m from precracked Charpy specimens are under extensive plastic hinging deformation. For the second part, about twenty specimens of each type and size (65 PCVN) have been tested to enable statistically reliable comparisons of T-0 for the various cases, with tests completed at temperatures from -28 to -37 degrees C. The K-Jc test data obtained for HSST Plates 13B and 13A show PCVN bias values from -30 to -40 degrees C relative to 1TC(T), but the standard 1TSE(B) specimen shows a bias of about -10 degrees C. However, the SE(B) specimens exhibit a tendency for decreasing T-0 with decreasing specimen size (B and/or b). The results are compared with those from other materials and observations are noted regarding potential effects of test temperature and metallurgical factors. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.; McCabe, Donald E.; Sokolov, Mikhail A.; Merkle, John G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800032 ER PT B AU Smith, AC Blanton, PS Gelder, LF Lutz, RN AF Smith, Allen C. Blanton, Paul S. Gelder, Lawrence F. Lutz, Rex N. BE Smith, AC TI Thermal testing of prototype general purpose fissile packages using a furnace SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The 9977 / 9978 General Purpose Fissile Package (GPFP) was designed by SRNL to replace the DOT 6M Specification Package and ship Plutonium and Uranium metals and oxides. Urethane foam was used for the overpack to ensure the package would withstand the 10CFR71.73(c)(2) crush test, which is a severe test for drum-type packages. In addition, it was necessary to confirm that the urethane foam configuration provided adequate thermal protection for the containment vessel during the subsequent 10CFR71.73(c)(4) thermal test. Development tests were performed on early prototype test specimens of different diameter overpacks and a range of urethane foam densities. The thermal test was performed using an industrial furnace. Test results were used to optimize the selection of package diameter and foam density, and provided the basis for design enhancements incorporated into the final package design. C1 [Smith, Allen C.; Blanton, Paul S.; Gelder, Lawrence F.; Lutz, Rex N.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, AC (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800041 ER PT B AU Gupta, NK AF Gupta, Narendra K. BE Smith, AC TI Improving thermal performance of radioactive material drum type packages by using heat pipes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper presents a feasibility study to improve thermal loading of existing radioactive material packages by using heat pipes. The concept could be used to channel heat in certain directions and dissipate to the environment. The concept is applied to a drum type package because the drum type packages are stored and transported in an upright position. This orientation is suitable for heat pipe operation that could facilitate the heat pipe implementation in the existing well proven package designs or in new designs where thermal loading is high. In this position, heat pipes utilize gravity very effectively to enhance heat flow in the upward direction Heat pipes have extremely high effective thermal conductivity that is several magnitudes higher than the most heat conducting metals. In addition, heat pipes are highly unidirectional so that the effective conductivity for heat transfer in the reverse direction is greatly reduced. The concept is applied to the 9977 package that is currently going through the DOE certification review. The paper presents computer simulations using typical of-the-shelf heat pipe available configurations and performance data for the 9977 package. A path forward is outlined for implementing the concepts for further study and prototype testing. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gupta, NK (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800042 ER PT B AU Gelder, LF May, CG Malloy, J Abramczyk, GA Smith, AC AF Gelder, Lawrence F. May, Cecil G. Malloy, John Abramczyk, Glenn A. Smith, Allen C. BE Smith, AC TI Thermal testing of 9977 general purpose fissile package using a pool fire SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The 9977 / 9978 General Purpose Fissile Package (GPFP), has been designed as a cost-effective, user-friendly replacement for the DOT 6M Specification Package for transporting Plutonium and Uranium metals and oxides. To ensure the capability of the 9977 GPFP to withstand the regulatory crush test, urethane foam was chosen for the impact absorbing overpack. As part of the package development it was necessary to confirm that the urethane foam overpack would provide the required protection for the containment vessel during the thermal test portion of the Hypothetical Accident Conditions Sequential Tests. Development tests of early prototypes were performed using a furnace. Based on the results of the development tests, detailed design enhancements were incorporated into the final design. Examples of the definitive 9977 design configuration were subjected to an all-engulfing pool fire test, as part of the HAC Sequential Tests, to support the application for certification. Testing has confirmed the package's ability to withstand the HAC thermal tests. C1 [Gelder, Lawrence F.; May, Cecil G.; Abramczyk, Glenn A.; Smith, Allen C.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gelder, LF (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800043 ER PT B AU Daugherty, WL AF Daugherty, W. L. BE Smith, AC TI Properties of fiberboard overpack material in the 9975 shipping package following thermal aging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Many radioactive material shipping packages incorporate cane fiberboard overpacks for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties have been measured on cane fiberboard following thermal aging in several temperature/humidity environments. Several of the measured properties change significantly over time in the more severe environments, while other properties are relatively constant. These properties continue to be tracked, with the goal of developing a model for predicting a service life under long-term storage conditions. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Daugherty, WL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800044 ER PT B AU Evans, KJ Rebak, RB AF Evans, Kenneth J. Rebak, Raul B. BE Smith, AC TI Anodic polarization behavior of titanium grade 7 in dust deliquescence salt environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE Ti Gr 7; corrosion; dust; chloride; nitrate; fluoride ID SPELLER; LECTURE; WASTE AB It is planned to use the highly corrosion resistant titanium grade 7 (Ti Gr 7) and a high strength titanium alloy (Ti Gr 29) to fabricate the drip shield for the Yucca Mountain repository. Ti Gr 7 contains 0.15% Palladium (Pd) to increase its corrosion performance, mainly under reducing conditions. It was important to determine the corrosion behavior of Ti Gr 7 in concentrated brines at temperatures higher than 100 degrees C, which may represent the behavior of dust deliquescence solutions. Tests were performed in concentrated NaCl + KCl solutions containing also nitrates and fluorides. Results show that Ti Gr 7 was highly resistant to general and localized corrosion. Some specimens were polarized to potentials higher than 4 volts. None of the tightly creviced specimens suffered crevice corrosion. The presence of fluoride promoted localized corrosion around the edges of the crevice former. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800045 ER PT B AU Evans, KJ Stuart, ML Hailey, PD Rebak, RB AF Evans, Kenneth J. Stuart, Marshall L. Hailey, Phillip D. Rebak, Raul B. BE Smith, AC TI Long-term immersion testing of Alloy 22 and Titanium Grade 7 double U-bend specimens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE Ti Gr 7; Alloy 22; basic saturated water; residual; stresses ID CORROSION; WASTE; SPELLER; LECTURE AB Double U-bend specimens of Alloy 22 (N06022) and Titanium Grade 7 (R52400) were exposed to a naturally aerated concentrated Basic Saturated Water (BSW) electrolyte at 105 degrees C for over six years. Different type of discoloration of the Ti Gr 7 and Alloy 22 specimens was observed. General Corrosion was minimal and not distinguishable under a scanning electron microscope. None of the tested specimens suffered environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) or localized corrosion under the tested conditions. The specimens retained their residual stress after the long environmental exposure. C1 [Evans, Kenneth J.; Stuart, Marshall L.; Hailey, Phillip D.; Rebak, Raul B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800047 ER PT B AU Lian, T Gdowski, GE Hailey, PD Rebak, RB AF Lian, Tiangan Gdowski, Gregory E. Hailey, Phillip D. Rebak, Raul B. BE Smith, AC TI Crevice repassivation potential of Alloy 22 in high-nitrate dust deliquescence type environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE N06022; sodium chloride; potassium nitrate; high temperature; deliquescence ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; CHLORIDE; NICKEL AB The nitrate ion (NO(3)(-)) is an inhibitor for crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 (N06022) in chloride (Cl(-)) aqueous solutions. Naturally formed electrolytes may contain both chloride and nitrate ions. The higher the ratio R = [NO(3)(-)]/[Cl(-)] in the solution the stronger the inhibition of crevice corrosion. Atmospheric desert dust contains both chloride and nitrate salts, generally based on sodium (Na(+)) and potassium (K). Some of these salts may deliquescence at relatively low humidity at temperatures on the order of 150 degrees C and higher. The resulting deliquescent brines are highly concentrated and especially rich in nitrate. Electrochemical tests have been performed to explore the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in high chloride high nitrate electrolytes at temperatures as high as 150 degrees C at ambient atmospheres. Naturally formed brines at temperatures higher than 120 degrees C do not induce crevice corrosion in Alloy 22 because they contain high levels of nitrate. The inhibitive effect of nitrate on crevice corrosion is still active for temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. C1 [Lian, Tiangan; Gdowski, Gregory E.; Hailey, Phillip D.; Rebak, Raul B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lian, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800048 ER PT B AU Fix, DV Rebak, RB AF Fix, David V. Rebak, Raul B. BE Smith, AC TI The long-term corrosion test facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE long-term corrosion test facility; weight loss; crevice; U-bend; simulated concentrated ground waters ID WASTE AB The long-term corrosion test facility (LTCTF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consisted of 22 vessels that housed more than 7,000 corrosion test specimens from carbon steels to highly corrosion resistant materials such Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7. The specimens from LTCTF range from standard weight-loss coupons to U-bend specimens for testing susceptibility to environmentally assisted cracking. Each vessel contained approximately 1000 liters of concentrated brines at 60 degrees C or 90 degrees C. The LTCTF started its operations in late 1996. Thousands of specimens were removed from the LTCTF in August-September 2006. The specimens are being catalogued and stored for future characterization. Previously removed specimens (e.g. 1 and 5 years) are also archived for further studies. C1 [Fix, David V.; Rebak, Raul B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fix, DV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800049 ER PT B AU Rebak, RB Day, SD Lian, T Aprigliano, LF Hailey, PD Farmer, JC AF Rebak, Raul B. Day, S. Daniel Lian, Tiangan Aprigliano, Louis F. Hailey, Phillip D. Farmer, Joseph C. BE Smith, AC TI Enhanced corrosion resistance of iron-based amorphous alloys SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX DE iron-based amorphous alloys; corrosion; N06022; salt fog testing; chloride AB Iron-based amorphous alloys possess enhanced hardness and are highly resistant to corrosion, which make them desirable for wear applications in corrosive environments. It was of interest to examine the behavior of amorphous alloys during anodic polarization in concentrated salt solutions and in the salt-fog testing. Results from the testing of one amorphous material (SAM2X5) both in ribbon form and as an applied coating are reported here. Cyclic polarization tests were performed on SAM2X5 ribbon as well as on other nuclear engineering materials. SAM2X5 showed the highest resistance to localized corrosion in 5 M CaCl2 solution at 105 degrees C. Salt fog tests of 316L SS and Alloy 22 coupons coated with amorphous SAM2X5 powder showed resistance to rusting. Partial devitrification may be responsible for isolated pinpoint rust spots in some coatings. C1 [Rebak, Raul B.; Day, S. Daniel; Lian, Tiangan; Hailey, Phillip D.; Farmer, Joseph C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 433 EP 441 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800050 ER PT B AU Skidmore, TE Counts, KM Fox, EB Hoffman, EN Dunn, KA AF Skidmore, T. E. Counts, K. M. Fox, E. B. Hoffman, E. N. Dunn, K. A. BE Smith, AC TI Aging performance of viton (R) GLT O-rings in radioactive material packages (U) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Radioactive material packages used for transportation of plutonium-bearing materials often contain multiple O-ring seals for containment. Packages such as the Model 9975 are also being used for interim storage of Pu-bearing materials at the Savannah River Site (SRS). One of the seal materials used in such packages is Viton (R) GLT fluoroelastomer. The aging behavior of containment vessel O-rings based on Viton (R) GLT at long-term containment term storage conditions is being characterized to assess its performance in such applications. This paper summarizes the program and test results to date. C1 [Skidmore, T. E.; Counts, K. M.; Fox, E. B.; Hoffman, E. N.; Dunn, K. A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Skidmore, TE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 443 EP 447 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800051 ER PT B AU Morton, DK Snow, SD Rahl, TE Blandford, RK AF Morton, Dana K. Snow, Spencer D. Rahl, Tom E. Blandford, Robert K. BE Smith, AC TI Impact testing of stainless steel material at room and elevated temperatures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these base materials and their welds under dynamic loads in the strain rate range of concern are not well documented. However, three previous papers [1, 2, 3] reported on impact testing and analysis results performed at the Idaho National Laboratory using 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel base material specimens that began the investigation of these characteristics. The goal of the work presented herein is to add the results of additional tensile impact testing for dual-marked 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel material specimens (hereafter referred to as 304L and 316L, respectively). Utilizing a drop-weight impact test machine and 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch thick dog-bone shaped test specimens, additional impact tests achieved target strain rates of 5, 10, and 22 per second at room temperature, 300, and 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Elevated true stress-strain curves for these materials at each designated strain rate and temperature are presented herein. C1 [Morton, Dana K.; Snow, Spencer D.; Rahl, Tom E.; Blandford, Robert K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Morton, DK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 449 EP 458 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800052 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Liaw, J Li, Z Shuler, J AF Liu, Yung Liaw, Jay Li, Zhian Shuler, James BE Smith, AC TI Certification of dot 7A Type A packaging in Type AF configurations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Based on the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations in 49 CFR 173.7(d), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 460.1B (DOE 2003) codifies the authority of certification of Type-B and fissile material transportation packaging to the Office of Environmental Management (EM), except for materials of interest to national security, naval propulsion systems, and civilian radioactive waste management. DOE Order 460.1B also stipulates that the EM certification of Type B and fissile materials transportation packaging shall be in accordance with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) safety standards in 10 CFR Part 71. The Packaging Certification Program (PCP) of the Office of Safety Management and Operations (EM-60) is supported by technical review teams at Argonne National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In recent years EM-60 has received requests for certification of fissile material packages for the shipment of low-enrichment uranium oxides in DOT 7A Type A drums in Type AF configurations. One request originally sought for DOT exemption (i.e., special permit) per 49 CFR 107, Subpart B that underwent reviews by DOE, NRC, and DOT. DOT eventually advised DOE that the packaging should be certified as a DOT 7A Type A drums in a Type AF configuration. Historically EM-60 has also issued Certificate of Compliances (CoC) for low-enrichment fissile uranium metals in wooden boxes as Type B packages for shipment, even though the wooden boxes do not meet the structural and thermal requirements in 10 CFR 71 under hypothetical accident conditions. There are also provisions in 10 CFR 71.15 for exemption from classification as fissile material, and in 10 CFR 71.22 General license: Fissile material that specifically references the DOT requirements in 49 CFR 173.417(a) for Type A package. The myriad of NRC and DOT regulations applicable to fissile materials and Type A packages availed alternative approaches in the requests for packaging certification; however, in all cases the primary concern for fissile material packages is the assurance of criticality safety in the shipment under both normal conditions of transport and hypothetical accidents. This paper will present a case in the certification of DOT 7A Type A packaging in Type AF configurations, drawing highlights from a recent certification review of packagings for shipment of low-enrichment uranium oxides in Type A drums. Various regulatory requirements are also discussed. C1 [Liu, Yung; Liaw, Jay; Li, Zhian; Shuler, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 469 EP 475 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800054 ER PT B AU Wu, TT Blanton, PS Eberl, KR AF Wu, Tsu-te Blanton, Paul S. Eberl, Kurt R. BE Smith, AC TI Dynamic analysis of the bulk tritium shipping package subjected to closure torques and sequential impacts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper presents a finite-element technique to simulate the structural responses and to evaluate the cumulative damage of a radioactive material packaging requiring bolt closure-tightening torque and subjected to the scenarios of the Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC) defined in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 10 part 71 (10CFR71). Existing finite-element methods for modeling closure stresses from bolt pre-load are not readily adaptable to dynamic analyses. The HAC events are required to occur sequentially per 10CFR71 and thus the evaluation of the cumulative damage is desirable. Generally, each HAC event is analyzed separately and the cumulative damage is partially addressed by superposition. This results in relying on additional physical testing to comply with 10CFR71 requirements for assessment of cumulative damage. The proposed technique utilizes the combination of kinematic constraints, rigid-body motions and structural deformations to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in modeling the effect of cumulative damage. This methodology provides improved numerical solutions in compliance with the 10CFR71 requirements for sequential HAC tests. Analyses were performed for the Bulk Tritium Shipping Package (BTSP) designed by Savannah River National Laboratory to demonstrate the applications of the technique. The methodology proposed simulates the closure bolt torque preload followed by the sequential HAC events, the 30-foot drop and the 30-foot dynamic crush. The analytical results will be compared to the package test data. C1 [Wu, Tsu-te; Blanton, Paul S.; Eberl, Kurt R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Wu, TT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800055 ER PT B AU Wu, TT AF Wu, Tsu-te BE Smith, AC TI Effect of impact limiter material degradation on structural integrity of 9975 package subjected to two forklift truck impact SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper evaluates the effect of the impact limiter material degradation on the structural integrity of the 9975 package containment vessel during a postulated accident event of forklift truck collision. The analytical results show that the primary and secondary containment vessels remain structurally intact for Celotex material degraded to 20% of the baseline value. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wu, TT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800056 ER PT B AU Hensel, SJ Watkins, RW Smith, AC AF Hensel, S. J. Watkins, R. W. Smith, A. C. BE Smith, AC TI Type B radioactive material package failure modes and contents compliance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Type B radioactive material package failures can occur due to any one of the following: inadequate design, manufacture, and maintenance of packages, load conditions beyond those anticipated in the regulations, and improper package loading and operation. The rigorous package design evaluations performed in the certification process, robust package manufacture quality assurance programs, and demanding load conditions prescribed in the regulations are all well established. This paper focuses on the operational aspects of Type B package loading with respect to an overbatch, a condition not evaluated during packaging certification, which may cause a package failure. C1 [Hensel, S. J.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hensel, SJ (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800057 ER PT B AU Hawkes, BD Durstine, KR AF Hawkes, Brian D. Durstine, Kenneth R. BE Smith, AC TI Accidental drop of a carbon steel/lead shipping cask at low temperatures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB A shielded cask is used to transport radioactive materials between facilities. The cask was fabricated with an outer and inner shell of hot rolled low carbon steel. Lead was poured in the annular space between the shells to provide radiation shielding. Carbon steel is known to be susceptible to low-temperature brittle fracture under impact loading. This paper will present the analysis results representing postulated transportation accidents during on-site transfers of the cask. The accident scenarios were based on a series of cask drops onto a rigid surface from a height of 6 ft assuming brittle failure of the cask shell at subzero temperatures. Finite element models of the cask and its contents were solved and post processed using ABAQUS software. Each model was examined for failure to contain radioactive materials and/or significant loss of radiation shielding. Results of these analyses show that the body of the cask exhibits considerable ruggedness and will remain largely intact after the impact. There will be deformation of the main cask body with localized brittle failure of the cask outer shell and components and but no complete penetration of the cask shielding. The cask payload outer waste can will experience some permanent plastic deformation in each drop, but will not be deformed to the point where it will rupture, thus maintaining confinement of the can contents. C1 [Hawkes, Brian D.; Durstine, Kenneth R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hawkes, BD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800058 ER PT B AU Gupta, NK Smith, AC AF Gupta, Narendra K. Smith, Allen C. BE Smith, AC TI Computer Simulations to address Pu-Fe eutectic issue in 3013 storage vessel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB On November 22, 2005, the Manager of the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) in Richland, WA issued an Occurrence Report involving a potential Pu-Fe eutectic failure mechanism for the stainless steel (SS) 3013 cans containing plutonium (Pu) metal. Four additional reports addressed nuclear safety concerns about the integrity of stainless steel containers holding plutonium during fire scenarios. The reports expressed a belief that the probability and consequences of container failure due to the fori-nation of a plutonium-iron eutectic alloy had been overlooked. Simplified thermal models similar to the HAC thermal models used in the 9975 SARP were created and analyzed to address the Pu-Fe eutectic concerns. The model uses Rocky Flats configuration with 2 stacked Pu buttons inside a 3013 assembly. The assembly has an outer can, an inner can, and a convenience can, all stainless steel. The boundary conditions are similar to the regulatory 30 minutes HAC fire analyses. Computer simulations of the HAC fire transients lasting 4 hours of bum time show that the interface between the primary containment vessel and the Pu metal in the 9975 package will not reach Pu-Fe eutectic temperature of 400 degrees C. C1 [Gupta, Narendra K.; Smith, Allen C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gupta, NK (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800059 ER PT B AU May, CG Gelder, LF Howard, BD AF May, Cecil G. Gelder, Lawrence F. Howard, Boyd D. BE Smith, AC TI The use of digital radiography in the evaluation of radioactive materials packaging performance testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB New designs of radioactive material shipping packages are required to be evaluated in accordance with 10 CFR Part 71, Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material([1]). This paper will discuss the use of digital radiography to evaluate the effects of the tests required by 10 CFR 71.71, Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT), and 10 CFR 71.73, Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC). One acceptable means of evaluating packaging performance is to subject packagings to the series of NCT and HAC tests. The evaluation includes a determination of the effect on the packaging by the conditions and tests. Historically, that determination has required that packagings be cut and sectioned to learn the actual effects on internal components, either after each test to document the effects of that test, or after all testing is complete which determines the cumulative effect on the package.. Digital radiography permits the examination of internal packaging components without sectioning a package. This allows a single package to be subjected to the entire series of tests. After each test, the package is digitally radiographed and the effects of particular tests evaluated. Radiography reduces the number of packages required for testing and also reduces labor and materials required to section and evaluate numerous packages. This paper will include a description of the digital radiography equipment used in the testing and evaluation of the 9977 package at SRNL.([2]) The equipment is capable of making a single radiograph of a full-sized package in one exposure. Radiographs will be compared to sectioned packages that show actual conditions compared to radiographic images. C1 [May, Cecil G.; Gelder, Lawrence F.; Howard, Boyd D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP May, CG (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 509 EP 519 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800060 ER PT B AU Farmer, JC Choi, JS Day, SD Lian, T Hailey, PD AF Farmer, J. C. Choi, J-S. Day, S. D. Lian, T. Hailey, P. D. BE Smith, AC TI High performance coatings for spent fuel containers and components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; BEHAVIOR AB It has been found that the corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous-metal alloys can be improved dramatically through additions of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The addition of yttrium lowers the critical cooling rate of these materials, but complicates the gas atomization process. High concentrations of boron enable these alloys to serve as effective neutron absorbers for criticality control applications. Since these alloys are Fe-based, any substitution of these for Ni-based alloys in the storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) applications could result in significant cost savings. Large quantities of amorphous alloy powders have now been successfully produced in multi-ton quantities with gas atomization, and applied to several half-scale SNF containers and criticality control (basket) structures with the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. Corrosion rates determined with linear polarization in a variety of repository-relevant brines, and the results of recent salt fog testing of large-scale prototypes are presented. C1 [Farmer, J. C.; Choi, J-S.; Day, S. D.; Lian, T.; Hailey, P. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Farmer, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4285-0 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 7 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM18 UT WOS:000254223800063 ER PT B AU Xu, J Nie, JS Hofmayer, C Ali, S AF Xu, Jim Nie, Jinsuo Hofmayer, Charles Ali, Syed BE Clark, DT TI Finite element analyses of JNES/NUPEC seismic shear wall cyclic and shaking table test data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 8: SEISMIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB This paper describes a finite element analysis to predict the JNES/NUPEC cyclic and shaking table RC shear wall test data, as part of a collaborative agreement between the U.S. NRC and JNES to study seismic issues important to the safe operation of commercial nuclear power plant (NPP) structures, systems and components (SSC). The analyses described in this paper were performed using ANACAP reinforced concrete models. The paper describes the ANACAP analysis models and discusses the analysis comparisons with the test data. The ANACAP capability for modeling nonlinear cyclic characteristics of reinforced concrete shear wall structures was confirmed by the close comparisons between the ANACAP analysis results and the JNES/NUPEC cyclic test data. Reasonable agreement between the analysis results and the test data was demonstrated for the hysteresis loops and the shear force orbits, in terms of both the overall shape and the cycle-to-cycle comparisons. The ANACAP simulation analysis of the JNES/NUPEC shaking table test was also performed, which demonstrated that the ANACAP dynamic analysis with concrete material model is able to capture the progressive degrading behavior of the shear wall as indicated from the test data. The ANACAP analysis also predicted the incipient failure of the shear wall, reasonably close to the actual failure declared for the test specimen. In summary, the analyses of the JNES/NUPEC cyclic and shaking table RC shear wall tests presented in this paper have demonstrated the state-of-the-art analysis capability for determining the seismic capacity of RC shear wall structures. C1 [Xu, Jim; Nie, Jinsuo; Hofmayer, Charles] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4286-7 PY 2007 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHK91 UT WOS:000253938200005 ER PT B AU Russell, MJ Spears, RE Kobbe, RG AF Russell, M. J. Spears, R. E. Kobbe, R. G. BE Clark, DT TI Seismic evaluation of atypical special plate shear walls SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 8: SEISMIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB The structure of a building undergoing a seismic reevaluation at the Idaho National Laboratory includes a number of steel plate walls and a roof liner which will act as shear diaphragms during an earthquake. Since the facility was designed and built long before such criteria were formulated, it is not surprising that these walls are not configured to meet all of the recently formulated requirements for such structures. To take advantage of these unusual structural elements, nonlinear analysis was used to ensure accurate modeling of the plate walls in a linear elastic seismic analysis of the full superstructure. The modeling was also used to establish the capacity of the plate. C1 [Russell, M. J.; Spears, R. E.; Kobbe, R. G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Russell, MJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4286-7 PY 2007 BP 261 EP 267 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHK91 UT WOS:000253938200032 ER PT B AU Chorpening, BT Dukes, MG Pich, P Thornton, JD AF Chorpening, B. T. Dukes, M. G. Pich, P. Thornton, J. D. GP ASME TI Combustion control and diagnostics sensor testing in a thermal barrier coated combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR AB The combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS) continues to be developed as an in-situ combustion sensor, with immediate application to natural gas fired turbines. In-situ combustion monitoring is also expected to benefit advanced power plants of the future, fueled by coal-derived syngas, liquified natural gas (LNG), hydrogen, or hydrogen blend fuels. The in-situ monitoring that CCADS provides can enable the optimal operation of advanced, fuel-flexible turbines for minimal pollutant emissions and maximum efficiency over the full operating range of an advanced turbine. Previous work has demonstrated CCADS as a useful sensor for in-situ monitoring of natural gas combustion, including detection of important combustion events such as flashback and lean blowoff, in experimental combustors without thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Since typical TBC materials are electrical insulators at room temperature, and CCADS operation requires conduction of electrical current to the walls of the combustor, a TBC on the combustion liner was identified as a potential barrier to CCADS operation in commercial application. This paper reports on CCADS experiments in a turbulent lean premixed combustor with a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coating on the combustor wall, The tests were conducted at 0.1 MPa (1 atm), with a 15V excitation voltage on the CCADS electrodes. The results confirm that for a typical thermal barrier coating, CCADS operates properly, and the total measured average resistance is close to that of an uncoated combustor. This result is consistent with previous materials studies that found the electrical resistance of typical TBC materials considerably decreases at combustor operating temperatures. C1 [Chorpening, B. T.; Dukes, M. G.; Pich, P.; Thornton, J. D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Chorpening, BT (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 679 EP 686 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400071 ER PT B AU Thornton, JD Chorpening, BT Sidwell, TG Strakey, PA Huckaby, ED Benson, KJ AF Thornton, Jimmy D. Chorpening, B. T. Sidwell, Todd G. Strakey, Peter A. Huckaby, E. D. Benson, K. J. GP ASME TI Flashback detection sensor for hydrogen augmented natural gas combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2007, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The use of hydrogen augmented fuel is being investigated by various researchers as a method to extend the lean operating limit, and potentially reduce thermal NOx formation in natural gas fired lean premixed (LPM) combustion systems. The resulting increase in flame speed during hydrogen augmentation, however, increases the propensity for flashback in LPM systems. Real-time in-situ monitoring of flashback is important for the development of control strategies for use of hydrogen augmented fuel in state-of-the-art combustion systems, and for the development of advanced hydrogen combustion systems. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Woodward are developing a combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS), which has already been demonstrated as a useful sensor for in-situ monitoring of natural gas combustion, including detection of important combustion events such as flashback and lean blowoff. Since CCADS is a flame ionization sensor technique, the low ion concentration produced in pure hydrogen combustion raises concerns of whether CCADS can be used to monitor flashback in hydrogen augmented combustion. This paper discusses CCADS tests conducted at 0.2-0.6 MPa (2-6 atm), demonstrating flashback detection with fuel compositions up to 80% hydrogen (by volume) mixed with natural gas. NETL's Simulation Validation (SimVal) combustor offers full optical access to pressurized combustion during these tests. The CCADS data and highspeed video show the reaction zone moves upstream into the nozzle as the hydrogen fuel concentration increases, as is expected with the increased flame speed of the mixture. The CCADS data and video also demonstrate the opportunity for using CCADS to provide the necessary in-situ monitor to control flashback and lean blowoff in hydrogen augmented combustion applications. C1 [Thornton, Jimmy D.; Chorpening, B. T.; Sidwell, Todd G.; Strakey, Peter A.; Huckaby, E. D.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Thornton, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4790-9 PY 2007 BP 739 EP 746 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHG15 UT WOS:000252885400078 ER PT B AU Cheng, RK Littlejohn, D AF Cheng, R. K. Littlejohn, D. GP ASME TI Laboratory study of premixed H-2-air & H-2-N-2-air flames in a low-swirl injector for ultra-low emissions gas turbines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID INTENSE TURBULENCE; MODERATE AB The objective of this study is to conduct laboratory experiments on Low-swirl injectors (LSI) to obtain the basic information for adapting LSI to bum H-2 and diluted H-2 fuels that will be utilized in the gas turbines of the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) coal power plants. The LSI is a novel ultra-low emission dry-low NOx combustion method that has been developed for gas turbines operating on natural gas. It is being developed for fuel-flexible turbines burning a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, bio-mass gases and refinery gases. Adaptation of the LSI to accept H-2 flames is guided by an analytical expression derived from the flowfield characteristics and the turbulent flame speed correlation. Evaluation of the operating regimes of nine LSI configurations for H-2 shows an optimum swirl number of 0.51 which is slightly lower than the swirl number of 0.54 for the hydrocarbon LSI. Using Particle Image Velocimetry the flowfields of 32 premixed H-2-air and H-2-N-2-air flames were measured. The turbulent flame speeds deduced from PIV show linear correlation with turbulence intensity. The correlation constant for H-2 is 3.1 and is higher than the 2.14 value for hydrocarbons. Analysis of velocity profiles confirms that the nearfield flow features of the H-2 flames are self-similar. These results demonstrate that the basic LSI mechanism is not affected by the differences in the properties of H-2 and hydrocarbon flames and support the feasibility of the LSI concept for hydrogen fueled gas turbines. C1 [Cheng, R. K.; Littlejohn, D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, RK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4791-6 PY 2007 BP 383 EP 393 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF82 UT WOS:000252771800038 ER PT B AU Sabau, AS Wright, IG AF Sabau, Adrian S. Wright, Ian G. GP ASME TI Numerical simulations of the effects of changing fuel for turbines fired by natural gas and syngas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BLADE AB Gas turbines in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants bum a fuel gas (syngas) in which the proportions of hydrocarbons, H-2, CO, water vapor, and minor impurity levels may vary significantly from those in natural gas, depending on the input feed to the gasifier and the gasification process. A data structure and computational methodology is presented for the numerical simulation of a turbine thermodynamic cycle for various fuel types, air/fuel ratios, and coolant flow rates. The approach used allowed efficient handling of turbine components and different variable constraints due to fuel changes. Examples are presented for a turbine with four stages and cooled blades. The blades were considered to be cooled in an open circuit, with air provided from appropriate compressor stages. Results are presented for the temperatures of the hot gas, alloy surface (coating-superalloy interface), and coolant, as well as for cooling flow rates. Based on the results of the numerical simulations, values were calculated for the fuel flow rates, airflow ratios, and coolant flow rates required to maintain the superalloy in the first stage blade at the desired temperature when the fuel was changed from natural gas (NG) to syngas (SG). One NG case was conducted to assess the effect of coolant pressure matching between the compressor extraction points and corresponding turbine injection points. It was found that pressure matching is a feature that must be considered for high combustion temperatures. The first series of SG simulations was conducted using the same inlet mass flow and pressure ratios as those for the NG case. The results showed that higher coolant flow rates and a larger number of cooled turbine rows were needed for the SG case. Thus, for this first case, the turbine size would be different for SG than for NG. In order to maintain the original turbine configuration (i.e., geometry, diameters, blade heights, angles, and cooling circuit characteristics) for the SG simulations, a second series of simulations was carried out by varying the inlet mass flow while keeping constant the pressure ratios and the amount of hot gas passing the first vane of the turbine. The effect of turbine matching between the NG and SG cases was approximately 10 degrees C, and 8 to 14% for rotor inlet temperature and total cooling flows, respectively. These results indicate that turbine-compressor matching, before and after fuel change, must be included in turbine models. The last stage of the turbine, for the SG case, experienced higher inner wall temperatures than the corresponding case for NG, with the temperature of the vane approaching the maximum allowable limit. C1 [Sabau, Adrian S.; Wright, Ian G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4791-6 PY 2007 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF82 UT WOS:000252771800040 ER PT B AU Shaddix, CR Williams, TC Schefer, RW AF Shaddix, Christopher R. Williams, Timothy C. Schefer, Robert W. GP ASME TI Effect of syngas composition and CO2-diluted oxygen on performance of a premixed swirl-stabilized combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst DE premixed combustion; syngas; swirl ID POWER-GENERATION; HYDROGEN; CO2; ELECTRICITY; EMISSIONS; CYCLE AB Future energy systems based on solid fuel gasification for co-production of power and fuels may require gas turbine operation on unusual gas fuel mixtures. In addition, global climate change concerns may dictate the production of a CO2 product stream for end-use or sequestration, with potential impacts on the oxidizer used in the gas turbine. In this study the operation at atmospheric pressure of a small, optically accessible swirl-stabilized premixed combustor is investigated when burning fuels ranging from pure methane to shifted or filtered syngas mixtures. Both air and CO2-diluted oxygen are used as oxidizers. CO and NO, emissions for these flames have been determined over the full operation range from lean blowout to slightly rich conditions. In practice, CO2-diluted oxygen systems will likely be operated close to stoichiometric conditions to minimize oxygen consumption. The presence of hydrogen in the syngas fuel mixtures results in compact, high temperature flames, resulting in increased flame stability and higher NOx emissions. The lean blowout limit decreases with increasing H-2 content in the syngas. Similarly, CO emissions for lean stoichiometries decrease with increasing H-2 content. CO emissions near the stoichiometric combustion point do not become significant until phi > 0.95, at which point CO emissions rise more rapidly for combustion in O-2-CO2 mixtures than for combustion in air. C1 [Shaddix, Christopher R.; Williams, Timothy C.; Schefer, Robert W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4791-6 PY 2007 BP 889 EP 897 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF82 UT WOS:000252771800088 ER PT B AU Dennis, RA Shelton, WW Le, P AF Dennis, Richard A. Shelton, Walter W. Le, Patrick GP ASME TI Development of baseline performance values for turbines in existing IGCC applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy has established projects to develop highly efficient turbines for coal-based fuels in integrated gasification combined-cycle applications. These fuels include coal-derived synthesis gas and pure hydrogen. The projects, with both General Electric and Siemens, have specific performance goals they must strive to attain. In order to ascertain the actual performance improvements that must be realized in these projects to reach the project goals, existing turbine baseline performance must be established. This paper will present the work conducted to establish the baseline performance parameters, and the values of these parameters. Performance parameters and values reported in the open literature will be presented. Parameters that are not available in the literature are also reported and were obtained by using ASPEN PLUS (Aspen Technology, Inc.) and GT-PRO (Thermoflow, Inc.) simulation software. A survey was conducted to obtain available process conditions and parameters related to Simple-Cycle (SC) and Combined-Cycle (CC) gas turbine performance in integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) applications that use coal as the primary fuel source. Information sources include commercial IGCC plants funded through the Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program, a proposed greenfield IGCC plant, NETL system studies, and other open literature sources. The report results can be employed to assist DOE in establishing a "Baseline IGCC Plant Performance Model" for comparisons with future improvements. The year 2010 IGCC performance goals include 45-50% HHV efficiency, $1,000 / kW total capital costs, and near-zero emissions. Contributions toward this goal are provided by DOE's Gasification and Advanced Turbines programs. Contributions from the Turbines program are targeted to provide 2-3 percentage points improvement in combined-cycle performance by 2010 for synthesis gas applications, and 3-5 percentage points (total) by 2015 for hydrogen fuels. The results are summarized in a series of tables that highlight the information identified that includes gas turbine type, turbine simple-cycle and combined-cycle efficiencies, turbine temperatures (e.g., firing temperature, exhaust temperature), pressure ratio, diluents, fuel composition, ASU integration, coal analysis, emissions, and the overall plant efficiency. The turbines and plants assessed to determine this baseline performance included the U.S.-based GE 7F frame turbines at the Wabash IGCC, Tampa IGCC, and Ashtabula IGCC (Nordic Energy - proposed 2002, Ashtabula, Ohio), as well as two European IGCC plants based on Siemens-Westinghouse V94.2 / V94.3 frame turbines located at the Buggenum IGCC (Netherlands) and Puertollano IGCC (Spain). C1 [Dennis, Richard A.; Le, Patrick] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Dennis, RA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 79 U2 199 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4791-6 PY 2007 BP 1017 EP 1049 PG 33 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF82 UT WOS:000252771800101 ER PT B AU Dennis, RA Harp, R AF Dennis, Richard A. Harp, Rundle GP ASME TI Overview of the US Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy advanced Turbine Program for coal based power systems with carbon capture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy Turbine Program is implementing a new research program to develop turbines for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems that capturer CO2. On September 8, 2005 the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy announced a $130 million investment of government money in turbine related technology to promote the development of IGCC power systems that can capture CO2 and minimize the emissions of criteria pollutants. These funds will be matched at various levels by the industry partners. In part through this investment the FE Advanced Turbine Program is designed to attain three primary goals: 1) By 2010 develop advanced coal based power systems capable of 45 - 50 % efficiency at < $ 1000 / kW, 2) By 2012, develop technologies for capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that result in less than 10 percent increase in the cost of electricity and 3) By 2015 demonstrate coal based energy plants that offer zero emissions (including CO2) w/ multi product production. The program has an additional primary objective to provide turbine based technology for the FutureGen Project. To attain these goals the program is organized into four areas: H2 fueled turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications, Oxy-fuel turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications; MW-scale H2 fueled turbines and CO2 compression technology. The paper will report on the program goals, status of these new projects and early progress towards these goals and objectives. C1 [Dennis, Richard A.; Harp, Rundle] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Dennis, RA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4791-6 PY 2007 BP 1093 EP 1104 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF82 UT WOS:000252771800108 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Shingledecker, JP Brady, MP Maziasz, PJ AF Pint, Bruce A. Shingledecker, John P. Brady, Michael P. Maziasz, Philip J. GP ASME TI Alumina-forming austenitic alloys for advanced recuperators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; RESISTANCE AB Materials selection for thin-walled recuperators has been extensively investigated over the past decade. In the latest generation of recuperated turbine engines, type 347 stainless steel has been replaced by higher alloyed steels and Ni-base chromia-forming alloys. However, high (linear) rates of chromia evaporation in exhaust gas fundamentally limits the oxidation lifetime of these chromia-forming alloys. One solution is to use alumina-forming alloys that are more resistant to this environment. The lower scale growth kinetics and resistance to evaporation in the presence of water vapor suggests an order of magnitude increase in lifetime for alumina-forming alloys. A significant problem with this strategy was the large drop in creep strength with the addition of sufficient Al to form an external alumina scale. However, new Fe-base austenitic compositions have been developed with sufficient strength for this application above 700 degrees C. C1 [Pint, Bruce A.; Shingledecker, John P.; Brady, Michael P.; Maziasz, Philip J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4792-3 PY 2007 BP 995 EP 1002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BHF83 UT WOS:000252771900102 ER PT J AU Barlow, RS AF Barlow, Robert S. TI Laser diagnostics and their interplay with computations to understand turbulent combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Review DE laser diagnostics; turbulent flames; turbulence-chemistry interaction; scalar dissipation; model validation ID JET DIFFUSION FLAME; RAYLEIGH-LIF MEASUREMENTS; TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TIME-SERIES MEASUREMENTS; NITRIC-OXIDE FORMATION; CH4/H-2/N-2 NONPREMIXED FLAMES; PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; SCALAR DISSIPATION RATES; NATURAL GAS/AIR FLAME AB Laser diagnostics for fundamental investigation of turbulent combustion are discussed in the context of collaborative research that has been conducted over the past decade to contribute toward the development and experimental validation of predictive science-based models for turbulent flames. The emphasis is on simultaneous application of Multiple laser techniques in flames having relatively simple fuels and flow geometries, as well as separate application of complementary diagnostics in the same flames. Data needs and design considerations for turbulent combustion model-validation experiments are outlined. Examples are given of ways in which the interplay of experiments and computations on "standard" turbulent flames has led to better understanding of these flames and also a better understanding of the capabilities of laser diagnostics and models to accurately capture the effects of turbulence-chemistry interactions. Issues of spatial resolution, differential diffusion, and LES validation are discussed, and perspectives on current research challenges are offered. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barlow, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM barlow@sandia.gov RI Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011 NR 155 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 49 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.122 PN 1 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000003 ER PT J AU Frenklach, M AF Frenklach, Michael TI Transforming data into knowledge-process informatics for combustion chemistry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Review DE kinetics; modeling; optimization; consistency; informatics; PrIMe ID LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS; SITU ADAPTIVE TABULATION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; REACTION-MECHANISMS; REACTION ELIMINATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE AB The present frontier of combustion chemistry is the development of predictive reaction models, namely, chemical kinetics models capable of accurate numerical predictions with quantifiable uncertainties. While the usual factors like deficient knowledge of reaction pathways and insufficient accuracy of individual measurements and/or theoretical calculations impede progress, the key obstacle is the inconsistency of accumulating data and proliferating reaction mechanisms. Process Informatics introduces a new paradigm. It relies on three major components: proper organization of scientific data, availability of scientific tools for analysis and processing of these data, and engagement of the entire scientific community in the data collection and analysis. The proper infrastructure will enable a new form of scientific method by considering the entire content of information available, assessing and assuring mutual scientific consistency of the data, rigorously assessing data uncertainty, identifying problems with the available data, evaluating model predictability, suggesting new experimental and theoretical work with the highest possible impact, reaching community consensus, and merging the assembled data into new knowledge. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frenklach, Michael] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frenklach, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM myf@me.berkeley.edu NR 88 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.121 PN 1 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000006 ER PT J AU Gupte, KS Kiefer, JH Tranter, RS Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB AF Gupte, K. S. Kiefer, J. H. Tranter, R. S. Klippenstein, S. J. Harding, L. B. TI Decomposition of acetaldehyde: Experiment and detailed theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE acetaldehyde; decomposition; RRKM; chain-mechanism ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; EVALUATED KINETIC DATA; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PREDICTIVE THEORY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ALKYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; SHOCK-WAVES; DISSOCIATION AB The classic pyrolytic decomposition of acetaldehyde has been examined to the higher temperatures used in combustion and also lower pressures with 85 laser-schlieren, shock-tube measurements of density gradient covering 40-500 torr and 1550-2400 K. This work is supplemented and modeled with a CASPT2 based variable reaction coordinate RRKM prediction of the dissociation kinetics. These RRKM predictions are then incorporated in good two-dimensional master equation fits of the strong falloff seen in the laser-schlieren experiments, and also that shown in some previous shock-tube results using UV absorption of the acetaldehyde as diagnostic. The laser-schlieren data provide not only unambiguous dissociation rates but also solid indications of the secondary chemistry. Modeling of the full density gradient profiles offers good estimates of rates for H-atom abstraction from both the acetaldehyde and the HCO radical, again at high temperatures. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gupte, K. S.; Kiefer, J. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Tranter, R. S.; Klippenstein, S. J.; Harding, L. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gupte, KS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM kiefer@uic.edu OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.048 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000010 ER PT J AU Senosiain, JP Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA AF Senosiain, Juan P. Klippenstein, Stephen J. Miller, James A. TI Oxidation pathways in the reaction of diacetylene with OH radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE diacetylene; hydroxyl; master equation; soot ID PHENOMENOLOGICAL RATE COEFFICIENTS; WELL MASTER EQUATION; ACETYLENE; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY AB We present a portion of the potential energy surface of the reaction of diacetylene with OH radicals, calculated using RQCISD(T) and two basis set extrapolation schemes. Based on this surface, we performed calculations of the rate coefficients using an RRKM/master-equation formalism. After a small (1 kcal/mol) adjustment to the energy barrier of the association reaction, our calculated rate coefficients of the high-pressure limit agree very well with previous direct measurements. However, our calculations at high temperatures are considerably smaller than the values inferred in previous studies. The non-Arrhenius behavior and significant pressure dependence of the rate coefficients above 800 K is due to the competition between stabilization, abstraction and addition-elimination channels. At low temperatures, the reaction proceeds mostly to the addition products, as well as to CO and propargyl. Above 1200 K, direct hydrogen abstraction and production of H atoms become important. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Senosiain, Juan P.; Miller, James A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Klippenstein, Stephen J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jpsenos@sandia.gov; jamille@sandia.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.084 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000012 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB Georgievskii, Y AF Klippenstein, Stephen J. Harding, Lawrence B. Georgievskii, Yuri TI On the formation and decomposition of C7H8 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE kinetics; theory; toluene; benzyl; phenyl ID EXCITED AROMATIC-MOLECULES; H BOND SPLITS; MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; ENERGY-TRANSFER PROBABILITIES; DISSOCIATION RATE CONSTANTS; C-C; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; BRANCHING RATIOS; BENZYL RADICALS AB The kinetics of reactions on the C7H8 surface were studied with state-of-the-art ab initio transition state theory (TST) and master equation methodologies. A priori predictions of the capture rate for C6H5 + CH3 and for C7H7 + H are obtained from direct variable reaction coordinate TST simulations. These simulations employ small basis set CASPT2 interaction energies coupled with one-dimensional reaction path corrections based on higher level simulations for related reactions. For the C7H7 + H reaction, predictions are obtained for both the total rate and for the branching between toluene, o-isotoluene and p-isotoluene. A mapping of the low energy pathways for isomerization from these three C7H8 isomers identifies a number of processes with barriers at or below the dissociation threshold. Nevertheless, at combustion temperatures the dissociation rates are predicted to exceed the isomerization rates, and it is reasonable to treat the kinetics of each isomer as a simple single well association/dissociation equilibrium. Master equation simulations yield predictions for the temperature and pressure dependence of each of the recombination and dissociation processes, as well as for the C7H7 + H -> C6H5 + CH3 bimolecular reaction. These simulations implement collisional energy transfer probabilities based on the work of Luther and co-workers. The theoretical predictions are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data for the photodissociation of toluene, the temperature and pressure dependent dissociation of toluene, and the reaction of benzyl radical with H. For the C6H5 + CH3 recombination, the theoretical predictions exceed the experimental measurements of Lin and coworkers by a factor of 2 or more for all temperatures. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Klippenstein, Stephen J.; Harding, Lawrence B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Georgievskii, Yuri] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sjk@anl.gov OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 55 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.045 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000016 ER PT J AU Pitz, WJ Naik, CV Mhaolduin, TN Westbrook, CK Curran, HJ Orme, JP Simmie, JM AF Pitz, W. J. Naik, C. V. Mhaolduin, T. Ni Westbrook, C. K. Curran, H. J. Orme, J. P. Simmie, J. M. TI Modeling and experimental investigation of methylcyclohexane ignition in a rapid compression machine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE methylcyclohexane; rapid compression machine; alkylperoxy isomerization ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; DIESEL FUEL; AUTOIGNITION; CYCLOHEXENE; COMBUSTION; RADICALS; C2H5+O-2; ISOMERS; HEPTANE AB A new chemical kinetic reaction mechanism has been developed for the oxidation of methylcyclohexane (MCH), combining a new low temperature mechanism with a recently developed high temperature mechanism. Predictions from this kinetic model are compared with new experimentally measured ignition delay times from a rapid compression machine. Computed results were found to be particularly sensitive to isomerization rates of methylcyclohexylperoxy radicals. Three different methods were used to estimate rate constants for these isomerization reactions. Rate constants based on comparable alkylperoxy radical isomerizations corrected for the differences in the structure of MCH and the respective alkane, predicted ignition delay times in very poor agreement with the experimental results. The most significant drawback was the complete absence of a region of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) in the model results using this method, although a prominent NTC region was observed experimentally. Alternative estimates of the isomerization reaction rate constants, based on the results from previous experimental studies of low temperature cyclohexane oxidation, provided much better agreement with the present experiments, including the pronounced NTC behavior. The most important feature of the resulting methylcyclohexylperoxy radical isomerization reaction analysis was found to be the relative rates of isomerizations that proceed through 5-, 6-, and 7-membered transition state ring structures and their different impacts on the chain branching behavior of the overall mechanism. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, with particular attention paid to how intramolecular H atom transfer reactions are influenced by the differences between linear alkane and cycloalkane structures. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitz, W. J.; Westbrook, C. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Naik, C. V.] NEA, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. [Mhaolduin, T. Ni; Curran, H. J.; Orme, J. P.; Simmie, J. M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Galway, Ireland. RP Pitz, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pitzl@llnl.gov OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 35 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.041 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000021 ER PT J AU Cool, TA Wang, J Hansen, N Westmoreland, PR Dryer, FL Zhao, Z Kazakov, A Kasper, T Kohse-Hoinghaus, K AF Cool, Terrill A. Wang, Juan Hansen, Nils Westmoreland, Phillip R. Dryer, Fredrick L. Zhao, Zhenwei Kazakov, Andrei Kasper, Tina Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina TI Photoionization mass spectrometry and modeling studies of the chemistry of fuel-rich dimethyl ether flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE dimethyl ether; kinetics; molecular-beam mass spectrometry; flames; photoionization ID BURNING VELOCITIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; ABSOLUTE PHOTOABSORPTION; REACTION-KINETICS; FLOW REACTORS; AIR; OXIDATION; COMBUSTION; LASER AB Reaction paths are identified for dimethyl ether (DME) combustion using modeling of new data from fuel-rich DME flat flames. A molecular-beam flame-sampling photoionization mass spectrometer, employing VUV synchrotron radiation, is applied to the measurement of mole fractions for 21 flame species in low-pressure premixed fuel-rich (Phi = 1.2, 1.68) DME/oxygen/argon flat flames. This approach is capable of resolving and identifying isomers and other flame species of near equal masses with ionization thresholds that differ by as little as 0.1 eV. The measurements agree well with flame modeling predictions, using a recently revised high-temperature DME kinetic mechanism, which identify reaction paths quite analogous to alkane combustion. They further reveal the presence of ethyl methyl ether, a molecule previously unobserved in flames and not included in present flame models. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Cool, Terrill A.; Wang, Juan] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hansen, Nils] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dryer, Fredrick L.; Zhao, Zhenwei; Kazakov, Andrei] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kasper, Tina; Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina] Univ Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Cool, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tacl3@cornell.edu RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 28 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.044 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000023 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, WK Pitz, WJ Curran, HJ Simmie, JM Westbrook, CK AF Metcalfe, Wayne K. Pitz, William J. Curran, Henry J. Simmie, John M. Westbrook, Charles K. TI The development of a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for diisobutylene and comparison to shock tube ignition times SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE ignition; diisobutylene; shock tube; chemical kinetics ID OXIDATION; MIXTURES; DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULES; ENGINE; FUELS AB Shock tube experiments and chemical kinetic modeling were carried out on 2,4,4-trimetbyl-1-pentene and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, the two isomers of diisobutylene, a compound intended for use as an alkene component in a surrogate diesel. Ignition delay times were obtained behind reflected shock waves at 1 and 4 atm, and between temperatures of 1200 and 1550 K. Equivalence ratios ranging from 1.0 to 0.25 were examined for the I-pentene isomer. A comparative study was carried out on the 2-pentene isomer and on the blend of the two isomers. It was found that the 2-pentene isomer ignited significantly faster under shock tube conditions than the I-pentene isomer and that the ignition delay times for the blend were directly dependant on the proportions of each isomer. These characteristics were successfully predicted using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism. It was found that reactions involving isobutene were important in the decomposition of the 1-pentene isomer. The 2-pentene isomer reacted through a different pathway involving resonantly stabilized radicals, highlighting the effect on the chemistry of a slight change in molecular structure. (C) 2006 The Combustion institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Metcalfe, Wayne K.; Curran, Henry J.; Simmie, John M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Galway, Ireland. [Pitz, William J.; Westbrook, Charles K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Metcalfe, WK (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Galway, Ireland. EM wayne.metcalfe@nuigalway.ie OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.207 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000033 ER PT J AU Sivaramakrishnan, R Comandini, A Tranter, RS Brezinsky, K Davis, SG Wang, H AF Sivaramakrishnan, R. Comandini, A. Tranter, R. S. Brezinsky, K. Davis, S. G. Wang, H. TI Combustion of CO/H-2 mixtures at elevated pressures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE chemical kinetics; detailed model; high pressure; shock tube; Mars in-situ propellant ID SHOCK-TUBE; RATE-CONSTANT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OH; HO2; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN; KINETICS; WAVE AB The high pressure oxidation of dilute CO mixtures doped with 150-200 ppm of H-2 has been studied behind reflected shock waves in the UIC high pressure single pulse shock tube. The experiments were performed over the temperature range from 1000 to 1500 K and pressures spanning 21-500 bars for stoichiometric (Phi = 1) and fuel lean (Phi = 0.5) oxidation. Stable species sampled from the shock tube were analyzed by standard GC, GC/MS techniques. The experimental data obtained in this work were simulated using a detailed model for H-2/CO combustion that was validated against a variety of experimental observables/targets that span a wide range of conditions. These simulations have shown that within experimental error the model is able to capture the experimental trends for the lower pressure data sets (average nominal pressures of 24 and 43 bars). However the model under predicts the CO and O-2 decay and subsequent CO2 formation for the higher pressure data sets (average nominal pressures of 256 and 450 bars). The current elevated pressure data sets span a previously unmapped regime and have served to probe HO2 radical reactions which appear to be among the most sensitive reactions in the model under these conditions. With updated rate parameters for a key HO2 radical reaction OH + HO2 = HO + O-2, the model is able to reconcile the elevated pressure data sets thereby extending its capability to an extreme range of conditions. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sivaramakrishnan, R.; Comandini, A.; Brezinsky, K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Tranter, R. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Brezinsky, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM kenbrez@uic.edu RI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/C-3481-2008; Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009; Comandini, Andrea/N-9838-2016 OI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/0000-0002-1867-1254; Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503; Comandini, Andrea/0000-0002-7120-1913 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.057 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000039 ER PT J AU Valorani, M Creta, F Donato, F Najm, HN Goussis, DA AF Valorani, Mauro Creta, Francesco Donato, Filippo Najm, Habib N. Goussis, Dimitris A. TI Skeletal mechanism generation and analysis for n-heptane with CSP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE reduced chemistry; computational singular perturbation; n-heptane oxidation ID KINETIC MECHANISMS; SIMPLIFICATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB We use a procedure based on the decomposition into fast and slow dynamical components offered by the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method to generate automatically skeletal kinetic mechanisms for the simplification of the kinetics of n-heptane oxidation. The detailed mechanism of the n-heptane oxidation here considered has been proposed by Curran et al. and involves 561 species and 2538 reactions. After carrying out a critical assessment of important aspects of this procedure, we show that the comprehensive skeletal kinetic mechanisms so generated are able to reproduce the main features of n-heptane ignition at various initial pressures and temperatures and equivalence ratios. A by-product of the algorithm that generates the skeletal mechanisms is the identification of the network of important species and reactions at a given state of the kinetic system. The analysis of this network is carried out by resorting to a visual representation of the pathways at selected time instants of the ignition process. Visual inspection of the pathways enables the identification and comparison of the relevant kinetic processes as obtained at different ignition regimes. The graphs are generated by interfacing the model reduction procedure with the open-source package graphviz. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Valorani, Mauro; Creta, Francesco; Donato, Filippo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Najm, Habib N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Valorani, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. EM valorani@dma.ing.uniromal.it OI CRETA, Francesco/0000-0003-1923-0810; VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.027 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000045 ER PT J AU Whitesides, R Kollias, AC Domin, D Lester, WA Frenklach, M AF Whitesides, Russell Kollias, Alexander C. Domin, Dominik Lester, William A., Jr. Frenklach, Michael TI Graphene layer growth: Collision of migrating five-member rings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE soot; PAH; surface growth; reaction mechanisms; HACA ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; UNIMOLECULAR REACTION SYSTEMS; PLUG-FLOW REACTOR; SOOT FORMATION; PREMIXED FLAMES; MULTIPLE-WELL; MECHANISM; REARRANGEMENT; MICROSCOPY; RADICALS AB A reaction pathway is explored in which two cyclopenta groups combine on the zigzag edge of a graphene layer. The process is initiated by H addition to a five-membered ring, followed by opening of that ring and the formation of a six-membered ring adjacent to another five-membered ring. The elementary steps of the migration pathway are analyzed using density functional theory to examine the region of the potential energy surface associated with the pathway. The calculations are performed on a substrate modeled by the zigzag edge of tetracene. Based on the obtained energetics, the dynamics of the system are analyzed by solving the energy transfer master equations. The results indicate energetic and reaction-rate similarity between the cyclopenta combination and migration reactions. Also examined in the present study are desorption rates of migrating cyclopenta rings which are found to be comparable to cyclopenta ring migration. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Whitesides, Russell; Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kollias, Alexander C.; Domin, Dominik; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kollias, Alexander C.; Lester, William A., Jr.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Whitesides, Russell; Frenklach, Michael] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frenklach, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM myf@me.berkeley.edu NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.034 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000051 ER PT J AU Law, ME Westmoreland, PR Cool, TA Wang, J Hansen, N Taatjes, CA Kasper, T AF Law, Matthew E. Westmoreland, Phillip R. Cool, Terrill A. Wang, Juan Hansen, Nils Taatjes, Craig A. Kasper, Tina TI Benzene precursors and formation routes in a stoichiometric cyclohexane flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE cyclohexane; molecular-beam mass spectrometry; flames; benzene; dehydrogenation ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; PROPARGYL RADICALS; REACTION-MECHANISM; OXIDATION; HYDROCARBONS; PRESSURE; COMBUSTION; ENGINE; FUELS AB Benzene formation was found to be dominated by stepwise radical dehydrogenation of cyclohexane in a stoichiometric flat flame of cyclohexane/O-2/32.5% Ar, 30.00 Torr pressure, and 35.0 cut s(-1) feed velocity. This route, involving H-abstractions and beta-scissions, is in contrast to conventional propargyl routes. Three types of analyses lead to this conclusion: identification of key flame species by mass and ionization energy; measurement and use of mole-fraction profiles in the flat flame; and mechanistic reactive-flow modeling of the flame, interpreted by analyzing the dominant reaction steps giving rise to the prediction. For relevant species, profiles of mole fraction were mapped by molecular-beam mass spectrometry in separate apparatuses with identical burners using electron ionization (UMass Amherst) and synchrotron VUV photoionization (LBNL ALS), respectively. In the latter, recently developed apparatus, ionization energies can be measured with greatly enhanced resolution, yielding improvements in species identification that include precise resolution of hydrocarbon isomers, crucial to the findings of this study. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Law, Matthew E.; Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cool, Terrill A.; Wang, Juan] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14886 USA. [Hansen, Nils; Taatjes, Craig A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kasper, Tina] Univ Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Westmoreland, PR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM westm@ecs.umass.edu RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 31 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.259 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000054 ER PT J AU Morgan, N Kraft, M Balthasar, M Wong, D Frenklach, M Mitchell, P AF Morgan, Neal Kraft, Markus Balthasar, Michael Wong, David Frenklach, Michael Mitchell, Pablo TI Numerical simulations of soot aggregation in premixed laminar flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE soot; laminar premixed flames; structural evolution; stochastic modelling ID EFFICIENT STOCHASTIC ALGORITHM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ETHYLENE FLAMES; COAGULATION; DYNAMICS; MOMENTS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; GROWTH AB In this paper we make use of a detailed particle model and stochastic numerical methods to simulate the particle size distributions of soot particles formed in laminar premixed flames. The model is able to capture the evolution of mass and surface area along with the full structural detail of the particles. The model is validated against previous models for consistency and then used to simulate flames with bimodal and uni-modal soot particle distributions. The change in morphology between the particles from these two types of flames provides further evidence of the interplay among nucleation, coagulation, and surface rates. The results confirm the previously proposed role of the strength of the particle nucleation source in defining the instant of transition from coalescent to fractal growth of soot particles. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Morgan, Neal; Kraft, Markus] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. [Balthasar, Michael] Volvo Technol Corp, CTP, DEpt 6180, SE-41288 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wong, David; Frenklach, Michael; Mitchell, Pablo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kraft, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. EM mk306@cam.ac.uk RI Kraft, Markus/D-7243-2016 OI Kraft, Markus/0000-0002-4293-8924 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.021 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000068 ER PT J AU Mattison, DW Jeffries, JB Hanson, RK Steeper, RR De Zilwa, S Dec, JE Sjoberg, M Hwang, W AF Mattison, D. W. Jeffries, J. B. Hanson, R. K. Steeper, R. R. De Zilwa, S. Dec, J. E. Sjoberg, M. Hwang, W. TI In-cylinder gas temperature and water concentration measurements in HCCI engines using a multiplexed-wavelength diode-laser system: Sensor development and initial demonstration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE HCCI; diode-laser; thermometry; wavelength-multiplexed ID COMBUSTION MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION SENSORS; H2O; DIAGNOSTICS; SELECTION; PRESSURE; FLOWS AB A wavelength-multiplexed, fiber-optic-based, line-of-sight, diode-laser absorption sensor is developed for crank-angle-resolved measurements of temperature and water concentration in a homogeneous-charge-compression-ignition (HCCI) engine. An initial demonstration of its use on two optical HCCI engines at Sandia National Laboratories is reported. The measurements encompassed both motored- and fired-engine operation for temperatures between 300 and 1700 K and pressures between 1 and 55 bar. A spectroscopic line selection process identifies the most appropriate water absorption linepair for thermometry under these conditions. Key solutions to suppress crank-angle-dependent noise in the transmitted laser signals are reported, including careful spectroscopic design and optical engineering to accommodate beam-steering, engine vibration and polarization-related interference. Data obtained through this sensor can provide critical engine characteristics such as combustion efficiency, peak combustion temperature, and autoignition temperature. The flexibility of the wavelength-multiplexed architecture allows the straightforward addition of other wavelengths to potentially enable the simultaneous measurement of other important engine parameters such as temperature non-uniformity, and fuel, CO, and CO2 concentrations. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Mattison, D. W.; Jeffries, J. B.; Hanson, R. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Steeper, R. R.; De Zilwa, S.; Dec, J. E.; Sjoberg, M.; Hwang, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mattison, DW (reprint author), 149 Commonwealth Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dan.mattison@gmail.com NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.048 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000079 ER PT J AU Kohse-Hoinghaus, K Osswald, P Struckmeier, U Kasper, T Hansen, N Taatjes, CA Wang, J Cool, TA Gon, S Westmoreland, PR AF Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina Osswald, Patrick Struckmeier, Ulf Kasper, Tina Hansen, Nils Taatjes, Craig A. Wang, Juan Cool, Terrill A. Gon, Saugata Westmoreland, Phillip R. TI The influence of ethanol addition on premixed fuel-rich propene-oxygen-argon flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE ethanol-blended flame; propene; molecular beam mass spectrometry; benzene formation; aldehyde formation ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; DIMETHYL ETHER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BURNING VELOCITIES; REACTION-MECHANISM; BENZENE FORMATION; COMBUSTION; ACETYLENE; HYDROCARBONS; CHEMISTRY AB The role of ethanol as a fuel additive was investigated in a fuel-rich, non-sooting (C/O = 0.77) flat premixed propene-oxygen-argon flame at 50 mbar (5 kPa). Mole fractions of stable and radical species were derived using two different in situ molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) set-ups, one located in Bie-lefeld using electron impact ionization (EI), and the other at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley using vacuum UV photoionization (VUV-PI) with synchrotron radiation. A rich propene flame, previously studied in detail experimentally and with flame model calculations, was chosen as the base flame. Addition of ethanol is believed to reduce the concentrations of benzene and small aromatic compounds, while augmenting the formation of other regulated air toxics such as aldehydes. To study the chemical pathways responsible for these effects, quantitative concentrations of about 35 species were determined from both experiments. This is also the first time that a detailed comparison of quantitative species concentrations from these independent MBMS set-ups is available. Effects of ethanol addition on the species pool are discussed with special attention on benzene precursor chemistry and aldehyde formation. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina; Osswald, Patrick; Struckmeier, Ulf; Kasper, Tina] Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Hansen, Nils; Taatjes, Craig A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Juan; Cool, Terrill A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gon, Saugata; Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kohse-Hoinghaus, K (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM kkh@pcl.uni-bielefeld.de RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Osswald, Patrick/N-3377-2013; GON, Stephanie/O-8324-2016; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Osswald, Patrick/0000-0002-2257-2988; GON, Stephanie/0000-0002-1513-5018; Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.007 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000116 ER PT J AU Hansen, N Miller, JA Taatjes, CA Wang, J Cool, TA Law, ME Westmoreland, PR AF Hansen, Nils Miller, James A. Taatjes, Craig A. Wang, Juan Cool, Terrill A. Law, Matthew E. Westmoreland, Phillip R. TI Photoionization mass spectrometric studies and modeling of fuel-rich allene and propyne flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; photoionization; premixed laminar flames ID CROSS-SECTIONS; PROPARGYL RADICALS; ALIPHATIC FUELS; COMBUSTION; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOABSORPTION; IDENTIFICATION; ISOMERS; HYDROCARBONS AB Flame-sampling photoionization mass spectrometry is used for measurements of the absolute molar composition of fuel-rich (phi = 1.8) low-pressure laminar flames of allene and propyne. The experiment combines molecular-beam mass spectrometry with photoionization by tunable vacuum-ultraviolet synchrotron radiation. This approach provides selective detection of individual isomers and unambiguous identifications of other flame species of near-equal mass by near threshold photoionization efficiency measurements. Mole fraction profiles for more than 30 flame species with ion masses ranging from 2 to 78 are presented. The isomeric composition is resolved for most intermediates, for example, mole fraction profiles are presented for both benzene and the fulvene isomer. The results are compared with predictions based on current kinetic models. The mole fractions of the major species are predicted quite accurately, however, some discrepancies are observed for minor species. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hansen, Nils; Miller, James A.; Taatjes, Craig A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Juan; Cool, Terrill A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Law, Matthew E.; Westmoreland, Phillip R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Hansen, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nhansen@sandia.gov RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.045 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000120 ER PT J AU Sankaran, R HawkeS, ER Chen, JH Lu, TF Law, CK AF Sankaran, Ramanan HawkeS, Evatt R. Chen, Jacqueline H. Lu, Tianfeng Law, Chung K. TI Structure of a spatially developing turbulent lean methane-air Bunsen flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent combustion; premixed; DNS; thin reaction zone; flame structure ID PREMIXED FLAMES; DIRECT SIMULATIONS; BURNING VELOCITY; STRAIN-RATE; COMBUSTION; REDUCTION; CURVATURE; CHEMISTRY; REGIME; FLOW AB Direct numerical simulation of a three-dimensional spatially developing turbulent slot-burner Bunsen flame has been performed with a new reduced methane-air mechanism. The mechanism, derived from sequential application of directed relation graph theory, sensitivity analysis and computational singular perturbation over the GRI-1.2 detailed mechanism is non-stiff and tailored to the lean conditions of the DNS. The simulation is performed for three flow through times, long enough to achieve statistical stationarity. The turbulence parameters have been chosen such that the combustion occurs in the thin reaction zones regime of premixed combustion. The data is analyzed to study possible influences of turbulence on the structure of the preheat and reaction zones. The results show that the mean thickness of the turbulent flame, based on progress variable gradient, is greater than the corresponding laminar flame. The effects of flow straining and flame front curvature on the mean flame thickness are quantified through conditional means of the thickness and by examining the balance equation for the evolution of the flame thickness. Finally, conditional mean reaction rate of key species compared to the laminar reaction rate profiles show that there is no significant perturbation of the heat release layer. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Sankaran, Ramanan; HawkeS, Evatt R.; Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lu, Tianfeng; Law, Chung K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sankaran, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rsankara@umich.edu RI Law, Chung /E-1206-2013; Lu, Tianfeng/D-7455-2014; Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Lu, Tianfeng/0000-0001-7536-1976; Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 29 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.025 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000136 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF Lijewski, MJ Driscoll, JF Filatyev, SA AF Bell, John B. Day, Marcus S. Grcar, Joseph F. Lijewski, Michael J. Driscoll, James F. Filatyev, Sergel A. TI Numerical simulation of a laboratory-scale turbulent slot flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent premixed combustion; low-Mach-number flow; adaptive mesh refinement ID PREMIXED FLAME; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMBUSTION; CURVATURE AB We present three-dimensional, time-dependent simulations of the flowfield of a laboratory-scale slot burner. The simulations are performed using an adaptive time-dependent low-Mach-number combustion algorithm based on a second-order projection formulation that conserves both species mass and total enthalpy. The methodology incorporates detailed chemical kinetics and a mixture model for differential species diffusion. Methane chemistry and transport are modeled using the DRM-19 (20-species, 84-reaction) mechanism derived from the GRI-Mech 1.2 mechanism along with its associated thermodynamics and transport databases. Adaptive mesh refinement dynamically resolves the flame and turbulent structures. Detailed comparisons with experimental measurements show that the computational results provide a good prediction of the flame height, the shape of the time-averaged parabolic flame surface area, and the global consumption speed (the volume per second of reactants consumed divided by the area of the time-averaged flame). The thickness of the computed flame brush increases in the streamwise direction, and the flame surface density profiles display the same general shapes as the experiment. The structure of the simulated flame also matches the experiment; reaction layers are thin (typically thinner than 1 mm) and the wavelengths of large wrinkles are 5-10 mm. Wrinkles amplify to become long fingers of reactants which burn through at a neck region, forming isolated pockets of reactants. Thus both the simulated flame and the experiment are in the "corrugated flamelet regime." The overall turbulent burning velocities of the simulation and experiment were, respectively, 2.45 and 2.55 times the laminar flame speed. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bell, John B.; Day, Marcus S.; Grcar, Joseph F.; Lijewski, Michael J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Driscoll, James F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Filatyev, Sergel A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JBBell@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1299 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.186 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000137 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Cheng, RK Day, MS Shepherd, IG AF Bell, John B. Cheng, Robert K. Day, Marcus S. Shepherd, Ian G. TI Numerical simulation of Lewis number effects on lean premixed turbulent flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent premixed combustion; low Mach number flow; adaptive mesh refinement; Lewis number effects ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; HYDROGEN/AIR FLAMES; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY; COMBUSTION; CURVATURE; PRESSURE; FLOWS AB A dominant factor in determining the burning rate of a premixed turbulent flame is the degree to which the flame front is wrinkled by turbulence. Higher turbulent intensities lead to greater wrinkling of the flame front and an increase in the turbulent burning rate. This picture of turbulent flame dynamics must be modified, however, to accommodate the affects of variations in the local propagation speed of the flame front. Classical flame analysis characterizes these local variations in propagation speed by the Markstein number which represents the response of the flame front to curvature and strain. In this paper, we consider lean premixed flames for three different fuels having widely varying fuel Lewis numbers corresponding to widely varying Markstein numbers. In particular, we present numerical simulations of premixed turbulent flames for lean hydrogen, propane and methane mixtures in two dimensions. Each simulation is performed at turbulence conditions similar to those found in laboratory-scale experiments and is performed using detailed chemical kinetics and transport properties. We discuss the effect of Lewis number on the overall flame morphology and explore the dependence of local flame propagation speed on flame curvature. We also explore the relationship between local flame speed and experimentally accessible variables such as OH concentration. Finally, we focus on the low Lewis number case, hydrogen, in which the flame front is broken indicating local extinction. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bell, John B.; Cheng, Robert K.; Day, Marcus S.; Shepherd, Ian G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbbell@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.216 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000138 ER PT J AU Kaiser, SA Frank, JH AF Kaiser, Sebastian A. Frank, Jonathan H. TI Imaging of dissipative structures in the near field of a turbulent non-premixed jet flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE thermal dissipation; Rayleigh scattering; Imaging diagnostics; turbulence length scales ID SCALAR DISSIPATION; RAYLEIGH THERMOMETRY; DIFFUSION FLAME; TEMPERATURE; FLOWS; GRADIENTS AB Two-dimensional laser Rayleigh measurements of thermal gradient structures are performed in a turbulent non-premixed jet flame. The measurements focus on the near field (10 nozzle diameters downstream of the jet exit) where traditional scaling laws from the self-similar far field of non-reacting jets are not necessarily applicable. The optical performance of the high-resolution imaging system is characterized. The square of the temperature gradient field is analyzed by calculating the power spectral density (PSD) and by directly measuring the thicknesses of the layer-like structures. Fully resolved spectra extending over three orders of magnitude in PSD are obtained using a new noise cancellation technique. Some spatial filtering (smoothing) is necessary to reliably measure the layer-normal structure widths in the images. The probability density function (PDF) of the layer widths is found to be approximately log-normal. The PDFs of the 20-percent-full-width layer thicknesses have peak values at 216 and 368 mu m for r/d = 0 and r/d = 1, respectively. The peak of the layer-thickness probability density function (PDF) occurs at a length scale where the PSD is at approximately 0.5 percent of its maximum in both the low-temperature centerline region and the region near the maximum mean temperature. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaiser, Sebastian A.; Frank, Jonathan H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 959 MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@ca.sandia.gov NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1515 EP 1523 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.043 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000162 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Barlow, RS Clemens, NT AF Wang, G. -H. Barlow, R. S. Clemens, N. T. TI Quantification of resolution and noise effects on thermal dissipation measurements in turbulent non-premixed jet flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent flames; scalar dissipation; length scale; Rayleigh scattering ID SCALAR DISSIPATION; DIFFUSION FLAME; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; DERIVATIVES; RATES; FIELD AB One-dimensional (I-D) line Rayleigh thermometry is used to investigate the effects of spatial resolution and noise on thermal dissipation in turbulent non-premixed CH4/H-2/N-2 jet flames. The high signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of the measured temperature field enables determination of the cutoff wavenumber in the 1-D temperature dissipation spectrum obtained at each flame location. The local scale inferred from this cutoff is analogous to the Batchelor scale in nonreacting flows. At downstream locations in the flames studied here, it is consistent with estimates of the Batchelor scale based on the scaling laws using local Reynolds numbers. The spectral cutoff information is used to design data analysis schemes for determining mean thermal dissipation. Laminar flame measurements are used to characterize experimental noise and correct for the noise-induced apparent dissipation in the turbulent flame results. These experimentally determined resolution and noise correction techniques are combined to give measurements of the mean thermal dissipation that are essentially fully resolved and noise-free. The prospects of using spectral results from high-resolution 1-D Rayleigh imaging measurements to design filtering schemes for Raman-based measurements of mixture fraction dissipation are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Wang, G. -H.; Barlow, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Clemens, N. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gwang@sandia.gov OI Wang, Guanghua/0000-0002-6313-663X NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1525 EP 1532 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.242 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000163 ER PT J AU Wang, D Tong, C Barlow, RS Karpetis, AN AF Wang, Danhong Tong, Chenning Barlow, R. S. Karpetis, A. N. TI Experimental study of scalar filtered mass density function in turbulent partially premixed flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent flames; large-eddy simulation; filtered density function; turbulent mixing ID METHANE/AIR JET FLAMES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; REACTING FLOWS; LENGTH SCALES; DISSIPATION; VELOCITY; COMBUSTION; DIFFUSION; LAYER AB The mixture fraction filtered mass density function (FMDF) used in large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion is studied experimentally using line images obtained in turbulent partially premixed methane flames (Sandia flames D and E). Cross-stream filtering is employed to obtain the FMDF and other filtered variables. The means of the FMDF conditional on the subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar variance at a given location are found to vary from close to Gaussian to bimodal, indicating well-mixed and non-premixed SGS mixing regimes, respectively. The bimodal SGS scalar has a structure (ramp-cliff) similar to the counter-flow model for laminar flamelets. Therefore, while the burden on mixing models to predict the well-mixed SGS scalar is expected to lessen with decreasing filter scale, the burden to predict the bimodal one is not. These SGS scalar structures can result in fluctuations of the SGS flame structure between distributed reaction zones and laminar flamelets, but for reasons different from the scalar dissipation rate fluctuations associated with the turbulence cascade. Furthermore, the bimodal SGS scalar contributes a significant amount of the scalar dissipation in the reaction zones, highlighting its importance and the need for mixing models to predict the bimodal FMDFs. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Danhong; Tong, Chenning] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Barlow, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Karpetis, A. N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Tong, C (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ctong@ces.elcmson.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1533 EP 1541 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.099 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000164 ER PT J AU Cao, RR Wang, HF Pope, SB AF Cao, Renfeng Richard Wang, Haifeng Pope, Stephen B. TI The effect of mixing models in PDF calculations of piloted jet flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE PDF method; mixing model; turbulent flame; detailed chemistry ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; TURBULENT REACTIVE FLOWS; DETAILED CHEMISTRY; METHANE/AIR FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; LIFTED FLAMES; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; COMBUSTION AB For turbulent flames containing significant turbulence-chemistry interactions, the accuracy of PDF model calculations depends on the accurate representation of the chemistry and on the mixing model (including the value of the mixing-model constant, C-phi). In recent work, Cao and Pope demonstrated that accurate calculations of the Barlow and Frank piloted jet flames D, E and F are achieved using the GR13.0 mechanism and the EMST mixing model (with C-phi = 1.5). In the present paper, further PDF model calculations (using GRI3.0) are performed in order to investigate the performance of three mixing models (EMST, IEM and MC) and their dependence on the specified value of C-phi. It is shown that all three models are capable of yielding levels of local extinction (quantified by a burning index) comparable to the experimental observations, but this is achieved using C-phi = 3.3 for IEM, and C-phi = 3.8 for MC (compared to C-phi = 1.5 for EMST). However, in these calculations with IEM and MC, the mixture fraction variance is significantly underpredicted: only the EMST model is capable of calculating accurately both the observed burning indexes and the mixture fraction variance. The findings of this study, the first comparative study of mixing models in the Barlow and Frank flames, are related to previous observations. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Renfeng Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wang, Haifeng; Pope, Stephen B.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cao, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM renfeng@gmail.com RI Pope, Stephen/F-6268-2011; Wang, Haifeng/H-9529-2013 OI Pope, Stephen/0000-0001-5629-0420; Wang, Haifeng/0000-0003-0285-8783 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1543 EP 1550 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.052 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000165 ER PT J AU Lindstedt, RP Ozarovsky, HC Barlow, RS Karpetis, AN AF Lindstedt, R. P. Ozarovsky, H. C. Barlow, R. S. Karpetis, A. N. TI Progression of localized extinction in high Reynolds number turbulent jet flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent; flames; combustion; ignition; extinction ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; SCALAR DISSIPATION; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; PDF CALCULATIONS; REACTING FLOWS; COMBUSTION; MECHANISMS; REIGNITION; CHEMISTRY AB A transported joint probability density function (PDF) approach closed at the joint composition-enthalpy level has been applied to investigate piloted partially premixed CH4/H-2/Air turbulent jet diffusion flames at high Reynolds numbers (Re approximate to 60,000 and 67,000) for two equivalence ratios phi = 2.1 and phi = 3.2. The flames were studied experimentally at Sandia National Laboratories and are well-characterized close to the nozzle through multi-scalar measurements for 1 <= x/d <= 4. The chemical closure is obtained through a systematically reduced C/H/N/O mechanism featuring 16 independent, 4 dependent, and 28 steady state scalars. The velocity field is computed using the second moment closure of Speziale et al. and molecular mixing is modeled using the modified Curl's model. The current flames offer the opportunity of computational investigations of their thermochemical structure close to the burner. Moreover, the data sets are finely spaced through the local extinction regime. The aim of the computational study is to provide an assessment of the impact of closure approximations for the scalar dissipation rate. The effects of variations in the time scale ratio (2.3 <= C-phi <=, 4) were thus investigated along with the impact of an extended algebraic relationship that accounts for small scale properties. Comparisons with experimental data show that the modified Curl's model fails to reproduce the correct temperature patterns for the customary values of C-phi due to excessive extinction. The results are more favourable for larger values of C-phi and the extended closure produces good agreement with experimental data for the current flames. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lindstedt, R. P.; Ozarovsky, H. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Barlow, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Karpetis, A. N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lindstedt, RP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM p.lindstedt@imperial.ac.uk OI Lindstedt, Rune/0000-0002-6176-2733 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.099 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000166 ER PT J AU Hawkes, ER Sankaran, R Sutherland, JC Chen, JH AF Hawkes, Evatt R. Sankaran, Ramanan Sutherland, James C. Chen, Jacqueline H. TI Scalar mixing in direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving plane jet flames with skeletal CO/H-2 kinetics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE turbulent nonpremixed combustion; direct numerical simulation; scalar dissipation rate; mixing; jet flames ID MODELING DIFFERENTIAL DIFFUSION; PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; CONSERVED SCALAR; REACTIVE FLOWS; SHEAR-LAYER; EXTINCTION; PDF; DISSIPATION; REIGNITION AB Direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulent temporally evolving plane CO/H-2 jet flames are performed with detailed chemistry at Reynolds numbers of up to 9000 and with up to 500 million grid points. The effect of Reynolds number on turbulent mixing properties and flame structure is quantified for low Damkohler number flames. These flames exhibit strong flame-turbulence interactions resulting in local extinction followed by re-ignition. The probability density of the stoichiometric scalar dissipation rate is found to be nearly log-normal with some negative skewness. Conditional statistics of the hydroxyl radical reveal increasing levels of extinction and longer re-ignition times with increasing Reynolds number. The mechanical-to-scalar mixing time scale ratio, a key quantity in transported probability density function (pdf) modeling, is investigated for both conserved and reacting scalars. The conserved scalar timescale ratio is found to be consistent with prior studies. For reacting scalars, the effects of molecular diffusivity and chemical reaction on the timescale ratio are quantified. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Hawkes, Evatt R.; Sankaran, Ramanan; Sutherland, James C.; Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Fac, Livermore, CA 96551 USA. RP Hawkes, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Fac, Livermore, CA 96551 USA. EM erhawke@ca.sandia.gov RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012; OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951; Sutherland, James/0000-0002-2955-3472 NR 35 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1633 EP 1640 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.079 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000176 ER PT J AU Molina, A Shaddix, CR AF Molina, Alejandro Shaddix, Christopher R. TI Ignition and devolatilization of pulverized bituminous coal particles during oxygen/carbon dioxide coal combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE coal; ignition; devolatilization; enhanced oxygen; CO2 recycle ID AIR; MIXTURES; O-2/CO2 AB Oxygen/carbon dioxide recycle coal combustion is actively being investigated because of its potential to facilitate CO2 sequestration and to achieve emission reductions. In the work reported here, the effect of enhanced oxygen levels and CO2 bath gas is independently analyzed for their influence on single-particle pulverized coal ignition of a U.S. eastern bituminous coal. The experiments show that the presence of CO2 and a lower O-2 concentration increase the ignition delay time but have no measurable effect on the time required to complete volatile combustion, once initiated. For the ignition process observed in the experiments, the CO2, results are explained by its higher molar specific heat and the O-2 results are explained by the effect of O-2 Concentration on the local mixture reactivity. Particle ignition and devolatilization properties in a mixture of 30% O-2 in CO2 are very similar to those in air. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Molina, Alejandro; Shaddix, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Hydrogen & Combust Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Molina, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Mines, Sch Proc & Engn, Medellin, DC USA. EM amolinao@unal.edu.co NR 23 TC 174 Z9 198 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1905 EP 1912 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.102 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200025 ER PT J AU Risha, GA Son, SF Yetter, RA Yang, V Tappan, BC AF Risha, G. A. Son, S. F. Yetter, R. A. Yang, V. Tappan, B. C. TI Combustion of nano-aluminum and liquid water SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; water; combustion; burning rate; nano-aluminum ID PROPAGATION; COMPOSITES; SIZE AB An experimental investigation on the combustion behavior of nano-aluminum (nAl) and liquid water has been conducted. In particular, linear and mass-burning rates of quasi-homogeneous mixtures of nAl and liquid water as a function of pressure, mixture composition, particle size, and oxide layer thickness were measured. This study is the first reported self-deflagration on nAl and liquid water without the use of any additional gelling agent. Steady-state burning rates were obtained at room temperature (similar to 25 degrees C) using a windowed vessel for a pressure range of 0.1-4.2 MPa in all argon atmosphere, particle diameters of 38-130 nm, and overall mixture equivalence ratios (phi) from 0.5 to 1.25. At the highest pressure studied, the linear burning rate was found to be 8.6 +/- 0.4 cm/s, corresponding to a mass-burning rate per unit area of 6.1 g/cm(2) s. The pressure exponent at room temperature was 0.47, which was independent of the overall mixture equivalence ratio for all of the cases considered. The mass-burning rate per unit area increased from similar to 1.0 to 5.8 g/cm(2) s for all equivalence ratio range of 0.5-1.25. It varied inversely to particle diameter, increasing by 157% when the particle diameter was decreased from 130 to 50 nm at phi = 1.0. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Risha, G. A.; Yetter, R. A.; Yang, V.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16870 USA. [Son, S. F.; Tappan, B. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Risha, GA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16870 USA. EM gar108@psu.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2029 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.056 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200039 ER PT J AU Son, SF Asay, BW Whitney, EM Berghout, HL AF Son, S. F. Asay, B. W. Whitney, E. M. Berghout, H. L. TI Flame spread across surfaces of PBX 9501 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE HMX; cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine; flame spread; propellant; explosives; energetic materials ID COMBUSTION; PROPELLANTS; MECHANISMS; HMX AB There is little flame spread data for homogeneous energetic materials and no data for nitramines. We report the results of flame spread experiments of PBX 9501 (HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) based explosive). The horizontal flame spread rate, S-f, is of the same order of magnitude as normal deflagration and varies nearly as the square root of pressure, as our scaling analysis presented here predicts. In the vertical orientation, the flame propagation downward was observed to be slightly faster than horizontal flame spread, presumably because of the melt layer flowing downward on the sample. In an accident scenario, a charge may be fractured or the surface roughened. Consequently, we also examined the effect of roughness. Minor roughness created by explosives machining was found to have a negligible affect on flame spread. However, more significant roughness can increase the rate between two and three times over normal flame spread for the conditions considered here. In addition we examine the effect of sample edges and configuration. Corners result in more favorable heat loss and therefore affect flame spread rate. We argue that the increased spread rate on edges and rough surfaces is because of favorable heat transfer convergence. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Son, S. F.; Asay, B. W.; Whitney, E. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Berghout, H. L.] Weber State Univ, Dept Chem, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. RP Son, SF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM sson@purdue.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2063 EP 2070 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.063 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200043 ER PT J AU Efelein, JC Sankaran, V Drozda, TG AF Efelein, Joseph C. Sankaran, Vaidyanathan Drozda, Tomasz G. TI Large eddy simulation of swirling particle-laden flow in a model axisymmetric combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE LES; spray modeling; swirling particle-laden flow ID TURBULENCE AB This paper focuses on the application of the large eddy simulation (LES) technique to a swirling particle-laden flow in a model combustion chamber. A series of calculations have been performed and compared directly with detailed experimental measurements. The computational domain identically matches the laboratory configuration, which effectively isolates effects related to dilute particle dispersion and momentum coupling. Results highlight the predictive capabilities of LES when implemented with the appropriate numerics, grid resolution (as dictated by the class of models employed) and well-defined boundary conditions. The case study provides a clearer understanding of the effectiveness and feasibility of current state-of-the-art models and a quantitative understanding of relevant modeling issues by analyzing the characteristic parameters and scales of importance. The novel feature of the results presented is that they establish a baseline level of confidence in our ability to simulate complex flows at conditions representative of those typically observed in gas-turbine (and similar) combustors. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Efelein, Joseph C.; Sankaran, Vaidyanathan; Drozda, Tomasz G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Efelein, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM oefelei@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2291 EP 2299 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.017 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200069 ER PT J AU Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Pitz, William J. Westbrook, Charles K. TI A detailed chemical kinetic model for gas phase combustion of TNT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE TNT; kinetics; modeling; explosives ID AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROCARBONS; MECHANISMS; OXIDATION; RADICALS; FLAMES; SOOT AB A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for gas phase combustion of 2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene (TNT) has been developed to explore problems of explosive performance and of soot formation during the destruction of munitions. Thermodynamic properties of intermediate and radical species are estimated by group additivity. Reactions for the decomposition and oxidation of TNT and its intermediate products are assembled, based on information from the literature and from analogous reactions where the rate constants are available. The resulting detailed reaction mechanism for TNT is added to existing reaction mechanisms for RDX and for hydrocarbons which can be produced from TNT and RDX. Properties of the reaction mechanism are demonstrated by examining problems of soot formation during open burning of TNT and mixtures of TNT and RDX. Computed results show how addition of oxygen to TNT can reduce the amounts of soot formed in its combustion and why RDX and most mixtures of RDX and TNT do not produce soot during their combustion or incineration. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitz, William J.; Westbrook, Charles K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Westbrook, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-090,PO Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM westbrook1@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2343 EP 2351 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.061 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200075 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJI McClelland, MA Malenschein, JL Tarver, CM AF Yoh, Jack Jai-ick McClelland, M. A. Malenschein, J. L. Tarver, C. M. TI Test-based thermal explosion model for HMX SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE thermal explosion; cookoff; deflagration; HMX; fracture; fragmentation; modified Johnson-Cook; hydrocode AB We present a thermal explosion (cookoff) model for an HMX-based plastic bonded explosive (LX-10). The thermal-chemical-mechanical response of LX-10 is modeled based on the measurements from the scaled thermal explosion experiment (STEX) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Confined LX-10 is heated at a rate of I degrees C/h until an explosion is observed. The modeled cookoff problem is simulated by the Arbitrarily Lagrangian-Eulerian hydrocode (ALE3D) that can handle a wide spectrum of time scales that vary from a structural to a high speed shock physics time scale. In addition to a comprehensive model for energetic material, the confinement material namely an AerMet 100 steel is modeled as a Steinberg-Guinan material with a Johnson-Cook failure model with a statistical failure distribution. By using the size distribution data from the fragmentation experiment, the metal fracture and fragmentation due to an explosion are modeled. The explosion temperature is predicted to within 1 degrees. Calculated wall strain provides violence associated with the thermal explosion process and agrees favorably with the measured STEX data. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Yoh, Jack Jai-ick] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 51742, South Korea. [McClelland, M. A.; Malenschein, J. L.; Tarver, C. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoh, JJI (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 51742, South Korea. EM jjyoh@snu.ac.kr NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2353 EP 2359 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.071 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200076 ER PT J AU Gorchkov, V Kiyanda, CB Short, M Quirk, JJ AF Gorchkov, V. Kiyanda, C. B. Short, M. Quirk, J. J. TI A detonation stability formulation for arbitrary equations of state and multi-step reaction mechanisms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE detonations; stability; equations of state; complex chemical kinetics ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL DETONATIONS; CHAIN-BRANCHING REACTION; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; LINEAR-STABILITY; MULTIDIMENSIONAL STABILITY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; IDEALIZED DETONATIONS; HEAT-RELEASE; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS AB A general normal-mode linear stability formulation of steady planar detonation waves is presented that is valid both for an arbitrary equation of state and for multi-step, multi-species chemical kinetics. The general formulation can be used for many purposes, including an examination of gaseous detonation stability with complex reaction kinetics in which the individual reacting species have variable thermochemical properties. In the present paper, we consider two cases that could not be obtained by previous one-step chemistry, polytropic gas formulations: the first concerns the effect of a difference in heat capacities between product and fuel species, as well as a possible mole change, in a single-step irreversible reaction. The second examines the effects of exothermic or endothermic heat release/absorption in the chain-initiation stage of a model three-step reaction. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gorchkov, V.; Kiyanda, C. B.; Short, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Short, M.; Quirk, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Short, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM shortl@uiuc.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2397 EP 2405 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.219 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200081 ER PT J AU Wu, MH Burke, P Son, SF Yetter, RA AF Wu, Ming-Hsun Burke, M. P. Son, S. F. Yetter, R. A. TI Flame acceleration and the transition to detonation of stoichiometric ethylene/oxygen in microscale tubes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE gas detonation; DDT; meso/micro-scale combustion ID HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; DEFLAGRATION; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; TECHNOLOGY; MIXTURES; CHANNELS; PBX-9501; LIMITS AB Flame propagation in capillary tubes with smooth circular cross-sections and diameters of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm are investigated using high-speed photography. Flames were found to propagate and accelerate to detonation speed in stoichiometric ethylene and oxygen mixtures initially at room temperature in all three tube diameters. Ignition occurs at the midpoint along the length of the tube. We observe for the first time transition to detonation in micro-tubes. Detonation was observed with both spark and hot-wire ignition. Tubes with larger diameters take longer to transition to detonation. In fact, transition distance scales with the diameter in our 1.0 and 2.0 turn cases with spark ignition. Flame structures are observed for various stages of the process. Three types of flame propagation modes were observed in the 0.5 mm tube with spark ignition: (a) acceleration to Chapman-Jouguet (0) detonation speed followed by constant CJ wave propagation, (b) acceleration to CJ speed, followed by the detonation wave failure, and (c) flame acceleration to a constant speed below the CJ speed of approximately 1600 m/s. The current detonation mechanism observed in capillary tubes is applicable to predetonators for pulsed detonation, micro propulsion devices, safety issues, and addresses fundamental issues raised by recent theoretical and numerical analyses. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Ming-Hsun; Burke, M. P.; Yetter, R. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Son, S. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wu, MH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, 111 Res Bldg E,Bigler Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM minghswu@psu.edu RI Wu, Ming-Hsun/A-7390-2011; OI Wu, Ming-Hsun/0000-0001-6646-050X; Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 33 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2429 EP 2436 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.098 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200085 ER PT J AU Molina, A Schefer, RW Houf, WG AF Molina, Alejandro Schefer, Robert W. Houf, William G. TI Radiative fraction and optical thickness in large-scale hydrogen-jet fires SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE radiation; hydrogen flames; fire control ID NITRIC-OXIDE FORMATION; NON-PREMIXED FLAMES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; NITROGEN EMISSIONS; NO FORMATION; TURBULENT; AIR AB The radiative characteristics of large-scale (visible length 1.4-9.1 m) hydrogen jet flames that simulate an accidental leak from a high-pressure hydrogen container were compared with previous experimental and theoretical results for laboratory-scale non-sooting flames. The comparison shows that correlations of radiative heat fraction with global residence time need to account for the differences in thermal emittance of combustion gases for different fuels. This correction was found to be particularly important when hydrogen flames were compared to flames with CO2 as a product specie. Measurements of the radiative heat fraction for CO/H-2, CH4 and H-2 flames collapse onto one line when plotted against the logarithm of a characteristic residence time weighted by a factor that accounts for differences in the radiative characteristics of combustion gases. The radiative fraction of large-scale jet flames was found to be smaller than that predicted by the correlation obtained for laboratory-scale flames. This was explained by an increase in optical thickness as the flame size increases. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Molina, Alejandro; Schefer, Robert W.; Houf, William G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Hydrogen & Combust Technologies, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Molina, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Mines, Sch Proc Engn, Medellin, Colombia. EM amolinao@unal.edu.co RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2565 EP 2572 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.060 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200101 ER PT J AU Malchi, JY Yetter, RA Son, SF Risha, GA AF Malchi, J. Y. Yetter, R. A. Son, S. F. Risha, G. A. TI Nano-aluminum flame spread with fingering combustion instabilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE flame spread; nano-aluminum powder; thermal-diffusive instability; peclet number; fingering combustion AB Three consecutive modes of flame propagation were observed over a bed of nano-aluminum burning with a counter-flowing oxidizer of 20% oxygen and 80% argon by volume, each displaying significantly different characteristics. The first mode of propagation was the focus of this study and was examined within the critical Rayleigh and Peclet number regime where three-dimensional buoyancy effects were hindered and the fingering thermal-diffusive instability occurred. Fingering flame spread was observed and characterized for various Peclet numbers, top plate heights and particle sizes to gain a better understanding of the reaction mechanism associated with the combustion of nano-particles in close contact. Results indicate that the first mode of flame propagation over a bed of nano-aluminium has spread rates an order of magnitude greater than that of cellulose fuels. However, similar trends occur when varying the Peclet number and the height of the top plate. Furthermore, faster propagation speeds occur with smaller particles because Of their increased specific surface area. The widths of the fingers grow and more of the surface is burned with increasing particle size due to the longer time scale available for lateral growth. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Malchi, J. Y.; Yetter, R. A.; Risha, G. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Son, S. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Malchi, JY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jym100@psu.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2617 EP 2624 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.046 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200107 ER PT J AU Daw, CS Wagner, RM Edwards, KD Green, JB AF Daw, C. Stuart Wagner, Robert M. Edwards, K. Dean Green, Johney B., Jr. TI Understanding the transition between conventional spark-ignited combustion and HCCI in a gasoline engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE HCCI; EGR; nonlinear; variability; engine AB We describe experimental observations of the gradual transition between conventional spark-ignited (SI) propagating flame combustion and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) in a single-cylinder, stoichiometrically fueled gasoline engine. Our objective is to better understand the transition process in terms of characteristic changes to the combustion stability as indicated by patterns of cyclic variations. The transition was experimentally achieved by incrementally adjusting the level of internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) using variable exhaust valve actuation. Throttle adjustments were also made to maintain a constant fueling rate. For low levels of EGR, conventional spark ignition was stable, while at the highest EGR levels, HCCI wits stable. The spark was used to ignite conventional combustion and was optionally available during HCCI The character of the cyclic combustion oscillations that Occurred between the conventional and HCCI limits suggests that it can be described as a sequence of bifurcations in a low-dimensional dynamic map. Comparisons with previous studies of lean-limit cyclic variations suggest that nonlinear EGR feedback is probably a major factor in these dynamics. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Daw, C. Stuart; Wagner, Robert M.; Edwards, K. Dean; Green, Johney B., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Wagner, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM wagnerrm@ornl.gov RI Green, Johney/B-3391-2017 OI Green, Johney/0000-0003-2383-7260 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2887 EP 2894 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.133 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200138 ER PT J AU Sjoberg, M Dee, JE AF Sjoberg, Magnus Dee, John E. TI Comparing late-cycle autoignition stability for single- and two-stage ignition fuels in HCCI engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE HCCI; autoignition; variations; residuals; single-stage; two-stage ID OXIDATION AB The characteristics of autoignition after top-dead-center (TDC) for both single- and two-stage ignition fuels have been investigated in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The single-stage ignition fuel was iso-octane and the two-stage ignition fuel was PRF80 (80%, iso-octane and 20% n-heptane). The results show that the heat-release rate and pressure-rise rate both decrease as the combustion is retarded later into the early expansion stroke. This is an advantage for high-load HCCI operation. However, for both fuel-types, cycle-to-cycle variations of the ignition and combustion phasing increase with combustion-phasing retard. Also, the cycle-to-cycle variations are higher for iso-octane compared to PRF80. These observations can be explained by considering the magnitude of random temperature fluctuation and the temperature-rise rate just prior to thermal run-away. Furthermore, too much combustion-phasing retard leads to the appearance of partial-burn or misfire cycles, but the responses of the two fuels are quite different. The different behaviors can be explained by considering the thermal and chemical state of the residual exhaust gases that are recycled from one cycle to the next. The data indicate that a partial-burn cycle with iso-octane produces residuals that increase the reactivity of the following cycle. However, for the already more reactive PRF80 fuel, the partial-burn products present in the residuals do not increase the reactivity enough to overcome the retarding effect of cool residual gases. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Sjoberg, Magnus; Dee, John E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sjoberg, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9053,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mgsjobe@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2895 EP 2902 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.010 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200139 ER PT J AU Cook, DJ Pitsch, H Chen, JH Hawkes, ER AF Cook, David J. Pitsch, Heinz Chen, Jacqueline H. Hawkes, Evatt R. TI Flamelet-based modeling of auto-ignition with thermal inhomogeneities for application to HCCI engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE ignition; HCCI; flamelet model ID PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE INHOMOGENEITIES; FRONT PROPAGATION; CONSTANT VOLUME AB Homogeneous-charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have been shown to have higher thermal efficiencies and lower NOx and soot emissions than spark ignition engines. However, HCCI engines experience very large heat release rates which can cause too rapid an increase in pressure. One method of reducing the maximum heat release rate is to introduce thermal inhomogeneities, thereby spreading the heat release over several crank angle degrees. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) with complex H-2/air chemistry by Cook and Pitsch [D.J. Cook, H. Pitsch, Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Boise, Idaho 06S-08, 2006] showed that both ignition fronts and deflagration-like fronts may be present in systems with such inhomogeneities. Here, an enthalpy-based flamelet model is presented and applied to the four cases of varying initial temperature variance presented in Cook and Pitsch [D.J. Cook, H. Pitsch, Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Boise, Idaho 06S-08, 2006]. This model uses a mean scalar dissipation rate to model mixing between regions of higher and lower enthalpies. The predicted heat release rates agree well with the heat release rates of the four DNS cases. The model is shown to be capable of capturing the combustion characteristics for the case in which combustion occurs primarily in the form of spontaneous ignition fronts, for the case dominated by deflagration-type burning, and for the mixed mode cases. The enthalpy-based flamelet model shows considerably improved agreement with the DNS results over the popular multi-zone model, particularly, where both deflagrative and spontaneous ignition are occurring, that is, where diffusive transport is important. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Chen, Jacqueline H.; Hawkes, Evatt R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cook, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM erliawke@ca.sandia.gov; erliawke@ca.sandia.gov RI Pitsch, Heinz/E-1082-2014; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Pitsch, Heinz/0000-0001-5656-0961; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2903 EP 2911 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.252 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200140 ER PT J AU Lachaux, T Musculus, MPB AF Lachaux, Thierry Musculus, Mark P. B. TI In-cylinder unburned hydrocarbon visualization during low-temperature compression-ignition engine combustion using formaldehyde PLIF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE low-temperature combustion; diesel; unburned hydrocarbons; formaldehyde ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FLAMES AB Formaldehyde (H2CO) is visualized by planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine to better understand the sources of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. H2CO is used as a tracer for UHC based on chemical kinetic simulations, which show that after the first-stage of ignition, the evolution of H2CO is very similar to that of UHC in the bulk gases. Modern low-temperature, low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) combustion conditions are achieved by diluting the intake stream with nitrogen to 12.7%, oxygen by volume, simulating exhaust gas recirculation. A range of ignition delays (IDs) is produced by adjusting the intake temperature and/or the fuel injection timing. Spectral measurements of the laser-incduced emission after 355-nm excitation show that broadband emission from sources other than H2CO can be significant, so the PLIF images must be interpreted with care. A frequency-domain covariance analysis is offered as a way to quantify the contribution of H2CO fluorescence in the images. Longer ID conditions are found to have both higher-UHC emissions and stronger H2CO fluorescence persisting late in the cycle, especially near the injector. Based on kinetic model predictions of longer H2CO lifetimes in leaner regions, it is concluded that for long ID conditions, mixtures near the injector after the end of injection are too lean to achieve complete combustion, thus contributing to UHC emissions. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Lachaux, Thierry; Musculus, Mark P. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lachaux, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tlachau@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2921 EP 2929 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.044 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200142 ER PT J AU Idicheria, CA Pickett, LM AF Idicheria, Cherian A. Pickett, Lyle M. TI Effect of EGR on diesel premixed-burn equivalence ratio SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE diesel combustion; EGR; n-heptane ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING AB The effect of exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) oil the equivalence ratio of premixed-burn mixture in diesel combustion was investigated experimentally. The ambient oxygen concentration was systematically decreased from 21% to 10% in a constant-volume combustion vessel to simulate EGR effects in engines. Pressure measurements and time-resolved imaging of high-temperature chemiluminescence were used to characterize the temporal and spatial ignition and premixed burn characteristics of n-heptane diesel jets. With increasing EGR, ignition delay increases and the location of premixed burn occurs further down-strearn from the nozzle. Subsequent to first ignition, high temperature reactions stabilize at a quasi-steady lift-off length, showing that lift-off is a bounding parameter for determining premixed-burn region. The equivalence ratio of the fuel-ambient mixture in the premixed-burn region was measured using planar laser Rayleigh scattering. Fuel-oxygen mass distribution functions show that more mass is mixed into the premixed-burn region with increasing EGR, but the equivalence ratio of this mixture is the same. The study shows that an increasing ignition delay with increasing EGR does not necessarily decrease the equivalence ratio as would be desired for reducing soot formation in low-temperature combustion engines. However, measures to improve fuel-ambient mixing, such as shortened injection durations coupled to long ignition delay, could decrease equivalence ratio. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Idicheria, Cherian A.; Pickett, Lyle M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pickett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM LMpicke@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2931 EP 2938 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.022 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200143 ER PT J AU Miles, PC Collin, R Leif, H Hultqvist, A Andersson, O AF Miles, Paul C. Collin, Robert Leif, Hildingsson Hultqvist, Anders Andersson, Oeivind TI Combined measurements of flow structure, partially oxidized fuel, and soot in a high-speed, direct-injection diesel engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE diesel engines; turbulent flows; soot; diagnostics AB The evolution of bulk flow structures and their influence on the spatial distribution of heat release zones and of partially oxidized fuel and particulate matter (soot) is examined experimentally in a swirl-supported, direct-injection diesel engine. Vector fields describing the bulk flow structures are measured with particle image velocimetry (PIV), while complementary scalar field measurements of partially oxidized fuel and soot are obtained in the same vertical plane using broadband laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) techniques, respectively. The two-dimensional divergence of the mean velocity fields is also employed to provide information on the mean locations of heat release. Measurements are performed at a highly dilute, 12% O-2, operating condition characteristic of low-NO,, low-temperature diesel combustion systems. The spatial distributions of unburned fuel rapidly develop a structure characterized by two separate zones of high fuel concentration, an inner zone in the cylinder center and an outer zone in the squish volume. Single-cycle measurements show that this two-zone structure is present on an individual cycle basis, and is not an artifact of averaging distinct, single-zone distributions. For this engine build, the mean flow structures developed do not actively promote mixing of either zone, although bulk flow structures in the upper-central region of the cylinder vary significantly on a cycle-by-cycle basis. The measured spatial distributions of particulates indicate that particulates are formed primarily in the inner zone-and remain un-oxidized late in the cycle. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Collin, Robert; Leif, Hildingsson; Hultqvist, Anders] Lund Inst Technol, Lund, Sweden. RP Miles, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pcmiles@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2963 EP 2970 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.231 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200147 ER PT J AU Fureby, C Grinstein, FF Li, G Gutmark, EJ AF Fureby, C. Grinstein, F. F. Li, G. Gutmark, E. J. TI An experimental and computational study of a multi-swirl gas turbine combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE large eddy simulation; experiment; gas turbine; lean direct fuel injection ID SIMULATION AB The turbulent flow and flame dynamics within a lean direct fuel injection (LDI) multi-swirl gas turbine combustor is examined using a combination of state-of-the-art diagnostic methods, including laser doppler velocimetry (LDV), particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and fine bead thermocouples, and modern computational methods, such as flamelet-based large eddy simulations (LES). The computations provide unsteady field data of any quantity of interest, but are to some extent model dependent, whereas the laboratory studies often can capture only end-results of the real processes with limited details. The combined perspectives can thus provide mutual validation of diagnostics and models, and a more complete understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved, including also interdependencies between processes that are very difficult to characterize in the laboratory. In turn, this provides an improved framework for modification of present gas turbine combustors and for the design of future generations. Good agreement between LES and experimental data is found both for the non-reacting and reacting regimes studied. Both cases were found to be sensitive to the inflow into the swirler, and to the confinement. The non-reacting case is dominated by an annular swirling jet, a central recirculation zone (CRZ) and a weak precessing vortex core, oscillating at similar to 250 Hz. For the reacting case the CRZ remains, and dominates the flow in the upstream section of the combustor including the flame and the resulting wall jets. Longitudinal pressure fluctuations at similar to 380 Hz (420 Hz in the experiments) are also observed in the reacting case. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fureby, C.] FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div Weapons & Protect Warheads & Prop, SE-14725 Tumba, Sweden. [Grinstein, F. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, G.; Gutmark, E. J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Fureby, C (reprint author), FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div Weapons & Protect Warheads & Prop, SE-14725 Tumba, Sweden. EM fureby@foi.se OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 3107 EP 3114 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.127 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200164 ER PT J AU Littlejohn, D Cheng, RK AF Littlejohn, D. Cheng, R. K. TI Fuel effects on a low-swirl injector for lean premixed gas turbines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE gas turbines; lean premixed; swirl; NOx; alternate fuels ID INTENSE ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; BOILERS; BURNER; FLAMES AB Laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the fuel effects on the turbulent prernixed flames produced by a gas turbine low-swirl injector (LSI). The lean-blow off limits and flame emissions for seven diluted and undiluted hydrocarbon and hydrogen fuels show that the LSI is capable of supporting stable flames that emit < 5 ppm NOx (@ 15% O-2). Analysis of the velocity statistics shows that the nonreacting and reacting flowfields of the LSI exhibit similarity features. The turbulent flame speeds, S-T, for the hydrocarbon fuels are consistent with those of methane/air flames and correlate linearly with turbulence intensity. The similarity feature and linear S-T correlation provide further support of an analytical model that explains why the LSI flame position does not change with flow velocity. The results also show that the LSI does not need to undergo significant alteration to operate with the hydrocarbon fuels but needs further studies for adaptation to burn diluted H-2 fuels. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Littlejohn, D.; Cheng, R. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Littlejohn, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DLittlejohn@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 3155 EP 3162 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.146 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200170 ER PT J AU Strakey, P Sidwell, T Ontko, J AF Strakey, P. Sidwell, T. Ontko, J. TI Investigation of the effects of hydrogen addition on lean extinction in a swirl stabilized combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE extinction; blowout; hydrogen; gas-turbine ID SIMULATION; FLAMES AB The effects of hydrogen addition on flame extinction in a lean-premixed swirl-stabilized combustor operating on natural gas and air were studied. Measurements of equivalence ratio at flame blowout have been made at pressures ranging from 1 to 8 atmospheres, hydrogen concentration in the fuel of 0 - 80% and inlet velocities of 40 and 80 m/s. Increasing the hydrogen concentration in the fuel from 0% to 80% reduced the equivalence ratio at blowout from phi similar to 0.46 to phi similar to 0.30. Combustor pressure was found to have little effect, while increasing the nozzle velocity from 40 to 80 m/s increased 0 at blowout by roughly 0.05. Modeling of the experimental data using a zero-dimensional perfectly stirred reactor model worked well for predicting hydrogen concentration effects, the insensitivity to pressure and the effect of inlet velocity. The reactor model was found, however, to be sensitive to the choice of chemical kinetic mechanism. Other methods of correlating the data using a dimensionless timescale approach were limited by the relatively low Damkohler number in the flame anchoring regions. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Strakey, P.; Sidwell, T.; Ontko, J.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Strakey, P (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM peter.strakey@netl.doe.gov NR 19 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 3173 EP 3180 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.077 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200172 ER PT B AU Carr, RD Konjevod, G Little, G Natarajan, V Parekh, O AF Carr, Robert D. Konjevod, Goran Little, Greg Natarajan, Venkatesh Parekh, Ojas GP SIAM/ACM TI Compacting cuts: a new linear formulation for minimum cut SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL ACM-SIAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms CY JAN 07-09, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP ACM SIGACT, SIAM ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; ALGORITHMS; PROGRAMS AB For a graph (V, E), existing compact linear formulations for the minimum cut problem require circle minus(vertical bar V vertical bar vertical bar E vertical bar) variables and constraints and can be interpreted as a composition of vertical bar V vertical bar - 1 polyhedra for minimum s-t cuts in much the same way as early approaches to finding globally minimum cuts relied on vertical bar V vertical bar - 1 calls to a minimum s-t cut algorithm. We present the first formulation to beat this bound, one that uses O(vertical bar V vertical bar(2)) variables and O(vertical bar V vertical bar(3)) constraints. An immediate consequence of our result is a compact linear relaxation with O(vertical bar V vertical bar(2)) constraints and O(vertical bar V vertical bar(3)) variables for enforcing global connectivity constraints. This relaxation is as strong as standard cut-based relaxations and have applications in solving traveling salesman problems by integer programming as well as finding approximate solutions for survivable network design problems using Jain's iterative rounding method. Another application is a polynomial time verifiable certificate of size 71 for for the NP-complete problem of l(1)-embeddability of a rational metric on an n-set (as opposed to one of size n(2) known previously). C1 [Carr, Robert D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carr, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math Grp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bobcarr@cs.sandia.gov; goran@asu.edu; glittle@gmail.com; vn@andrew.cmu.edu; ojas@mathcs.emory.edu NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-24-5 PY 2007 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BQR15 UT WOS:000281596700006 ER PT B AU Hendricks, TJ Karri, NK AF Hendricks, Terry J. Karri, Naveen K. GP ASME TI Probabilistic design & analysis for robust design of advanced thermoelectric conversion systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Recent research investigated the impacts of single- and multi-variable stochasticity on optimum thermoelectric (TE) system design for automotive and industrial energy recovery because many critical design and environmental parameters used in design optimization can be randomly variable. Analysis tools and techniques have been developed to investigate a variety of stochastic behaviors in critical input parameters, including Gaussian, Log-Normal, Weibull, Gamma, or any type of user-defined probability distribution. Recent accomplishments discussed herein show that: 1) Gaussian input probability distributions can create non-Gaussian outcome distributions for optimum TE areas, required cold-side mass flow rates, and expected power generation; 2) optimum deterministically-derived designs (TE areas and cold-side mass flow rates) should be significantly modified in response to stochastically variable inputs; and 3) outcome parameter standard deviations can be significant and magnified relative to input parameter standard deviations. Multiple variable stochastic inputs tend to significantly increase the output design parameter variability (i.e., standard deviations). Interactive effects of multiple stochastic input parameters have demonstrated that reductions of optimum TE areas by 9-10% relative to deterministic optimum values was warranted in key stochastic analysis cases. Reductions in required cold-side mass flow rates may also be justified. Optimum system power output also was characterized by relatively high variability (i.e., standard deviation) resulting from stochastic input effects on the TE design optimization process. This is an important consideration when integrating the overall power system design with power management electronics and energy storage subsystems. C1 [Hendricks, Terry J.; Karri, Naveen K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hendricks, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN K5-02, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400037 ER PT B AU Beshears, DL Earl, DD Lapsa, MV Maxey, LC Muhs, JD Ward, CD Morris, JD AF Beshears, David L. Earl, D. Duncan Lapsa, Melissa Voss Maxey, L. Curt Muhs, Jeff D. Ward, Christina D. Morris, John D. GP ASME TI Solar energy, collected, concentrated, transported and distributed as light with no energy conversion via a hybrid solar lighting system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Hybrid solar lighting (HSL) is a technology in which sunlight is collected and distributed via optical fibers into the interior of buildings. Analogous to hybrid electric vehicles that use both batteries and internal combustion engines to power cars, hybrid lighting employs roof-mounted collectors to concentrate sunlight into flexible optical fibers and carry it inside buildings to "hybrid" light fixtures that also contain electric lamps. As the two light sources work in tandem, control systems keep lighting levels constant by dimming the electric lights when sunlight is bright, and turning them up as the sky darkens with weather conditions or nightfall. Data indicate that on a bright, sunny day the power consumption for lighting can be reduced by 50% or more. Today, lighting in U.S. residential and commercial buildings consumes close to 5 quadrillion BTUs of primary energy and one-fifth of all electricity. In commercial buildings, one-quarter of all energy demand is for lighting. With a forecasted doubling of commercial floor space by the year 2020 comes an urgent and growing need to find more efficient ways of lighting our nation's buildings. Typically, less than 25 percent of the electrical energy consumed for lighting actually produces light; the rest generates heat, which increases the need for air-conditioning. Unlike conventional electric lamps, the sunlight from HSL systems produces virtually no waste heat. A nationwide field trial program is under way to provide system performance data and user-feedback essential for the successful commercialization of HSL. Field trial installations include San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Sacramento, CA; Wal-Mart, McKinney, TX; Aveda Corp., Minneapolis, MN; Staples, Long Island, NY; Braden's Furniture, Knoxville, TN; Multipurpose Research Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN; University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Hybrid Lighting Laboratory, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN. This paper describes the field trial program and summarizes the results to date from the field trial installations. C1 [Beshears, David L.; Earl, D. Duncan; Lapsa, Melissa Voss; Maxey, L. Curt; Muhs, Jeff D.; Ward, Christina D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beshears, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6054, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Lapsa, Melissa/0000-0002-9978-6503 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400058 ER PT B AU Hendron, R Hancock, E Barker, G Reeves, P AF Hendron, Robert Hancock, Ed Barker, Greg Reeves, Paul GP ASME TI Field evaluation of a near zero energy home in Oklahoma SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The authors evaluated a Zero Energy Home (ZEH) built by Ideal Homes in Edmond, Oklahoma, that included an extensive package of energy-efficient technologies and a photovoltaic (PV) array for site electricity generation. The ZEH was part of a Building America (BA) research project in partnership with the Building Science Consortium to exhibit high efficiency technologies while keeping costs within the reach of average home buyers, and was a modified version of a production 1584-ft(2), three-bedroom, single-story, slab-on-grade design with attached garage. The home included a tight, well-insulated envelope, an energy recovery ventilator, high-performance windows, tankless gas water heater, efficient lights and appliances, and a ground source heat pump (GSHP). We conducted a series of short-term tests beginning in August 2005, and have collected long-term data under occupied conditions since February 2006. The GSHP performance was disappointing until the outdoor unit was replaced, after which time the efficiency began to meet expectations. However, the electricity use of the replacement unit was higher than expected because of an unusually low cooling setpoint. Based on the measured test results, the predicted whole-house energy savings compared to the BA Benchmark was 96%, with savings of 55% for efficiency measures alone. C1 [Hendron, Robert] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hendron, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400060 ER PT B AU Hendron, R Burch, J AF Hendron, Robert Burch, Jay GP ASME TI Development of standardized domestic hot water event schedules for residential buildings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The Building America Research Benchmark is a standard house definition created as a point of reference for tracking progress toward multi-year energy savings targets. As part of its development, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has established a set of domestic hot water events to be used in conjunction with sub-hourly analysis of advanced hot water systems. In certain applications (including analysis of recirculation loops, distribution losses, tankless gas water heaters, and solar hot water systems with load-side heat exchangers) energy use can be strongly affected by event flow rate, duration, frequency, clustering, and time of occurrence. High-level constraints on mains temperature and average daily hot water use, along with detailed event characteristics derived from past research and a software tool developed by Kassel University in Germany, were used to generate hot water events over one year for houses of different sizes in various locations. The events were established in 6-min increments for showers, baths, sinks, clothes washers, and dishwashers. Flow rates and times of occurrence varied randomly based on specified probability distributions. The final event schedules reflected the same daily variability as an actual household, thereby providing more realism to energy simulations involving advanced water heating systems. C1 [Hendron, Robert] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hendron, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400061 ER PT B AU Deru, M AF Deru, Michael GP ASME TI Establishing standard source energy and emission factors for energy use in buildings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Energy use in buildings is most commonly analyzed by using the energy measured at the site. Some analysts also calculate the source energy and emissions from the site energy. Source energy use and emission profiles offer better indicators of the environmental impact of buildings and allow other metrics for comparison of performance. However, there are no standard factors for calculating the source energy and emissions from the site energy. The energy and emission factors used are derived from different data using different methods resulting in wide variations, which makes comparisons difficult. In addition, these factors do not include the full life cycle of the fuels and energies, but only the combustion and transmission portions of the life cycle. The recently available U.S. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Database provides LCI data for energy, transportation, and common materials. The LCI data for fuels include all the energy and emissions associated with the extraction, transportation, and processing of the fuels. This paper describes how the LCI data, along with other emissions data and energy consumption data from the Energy Information Administration, were used to generate source energy and emission factors specifically for energy use in buildings. The factors are provided on national, interconnect, and state levels. This effort was part of the U.S. Department of Energy Performance Metrics Project, which worked to establish standard procedures and performance metrics for energy performance of buildings. C1 [Deru, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Deru, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400062 ER PT B AU Maxey, LC Parks, JE Beshears, DL Earl, DD Lapsa, MV Muhs, JD AF Maxey, L. C. Parks, J. E., II Beshears, D. L. Earl, D. D. Lapsa, M. V. Muhs, J. D. GP ASME TI Spectral transmission of a solar collector and fiber optic distribution hybrid lighting system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Increased use of solar energy will reduce requirements for non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and reduce associated greenhouse gas emissions. The benefits of replacing fossil-based energy with solar energy are often dependent on the application and operational or duty cycle for power demand. One particularly efficient use of solar energy is hybrid lighting. In hybrid lighting, solar light is concentrated into optical fibers and then coupled with supplemental electrical lighting to maintain a constant level of illumination. The system is able to offer reliable lighting with less energy consumption from the electrical grid (which is often driven by non-renewable sources). This technique offers energy efficiency benefits since the solar light is used directly and suffers no conversion losses. Furthermore, the solar spectrum provides an illumination that lighting engineers value for it's quality; office inhabitants appreciate for its comfort; and retailers believe leads to increased sales. When available solar light is low, the hybrid system allows traditional light sources to reliably meet lighting demands. The success of the solar hybrid lighting system is dependent on the collection and transmission efficiency of the system. In this study, the spectral transmission of a hybrid lighting system is characterized. The system is composed of a 200-sun concentration reflective solar collector and a plastic fiber optic distribution network. The ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral transmission was characterized over a spectral range of 200 ran to 2400 nm. The UV and NIR performance of the system is critical since optical fiber damage can be caused by both UV and NIR light; thus, optimal system design maximizes the collection and transmission of visible light while minimizing the transmission of the UV and NIR light. Spectral transmission data for all components in the hybrid system are presented, and performance properties relative to solar applications are discussed. C1 [Maxey, L. C.; Beshears, D. L.; Earl, D. D.; Lapsa, M. V.; Muhs, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maxey, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Lapsa, Melissa/0000-0002-9978-6503 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 549 EP 557 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400063 ER PT B AU Walker, A Kutscher, C Halvorsen, A McKenna, C Chambers, D May, K AF Walker, Andy Kutscher, Chuck Halvorsen, Al McKenna, Chris Chambers, Dave May, Ken GP ASME TI Design and analysis of a large solar industrial heat plant for Frito Lay in Modesto California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE solar thermal; parabolic trough; industrial process heat AB Industry-specific technology demonstration projects are key to facilitating deployment of solar industrial process heat technologies. Frito Lay North America (FLNA) is pursuing installation of a solar industrial process heat plant at the manufacturing plant in Modesto CA. FLNA contracted with Industrial Solar Technology Corp. for design and installation of the system and with National Renewable Energy Lab for technical assistance. The US Department of Energy and California Energy Commission both facilitate private companies implementation of technology demonstration projects with incentives, tax policy, and technical assistance. The solar plant would include: 5,387 m2 (57,969 sf) of parabolic trough solar collectors; pipe from solar array to unfired steam generator; unfired steam generator (USG); hot water heat exchanger (HWHX); pipe from hot water heat exchanger back to array field; and associated pumps, bypass piping, and controls. Performance of each component of the solar heating system varies with changing conditions of intensity of the sunlight, position of the sun, and ambient temperature. Since each of these parameters change throughout the day and throughout the seasons an hourly simulation of one year's performance is performed. The simulation is used to estimate annual energy delivery as well as to inform design recommendations. The solar array inlet temperature is solved for iteratively for each hour of the year based on an energy balance of the entire loop including all components. Nested within this iteration are iterations for the operating temperature of each of the 16 modules in series. Hourly direct beam solar radiation (W/m2) data for Modesto CA for 8 years from 19982005 was provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Renewable Resource Data Center and the minimum year, average year, and maximum year were used in the analysis. Results indicate that the system would deliver between 3,898 MWh and 4,308 MWh per year (13.3 and 14.7 billion Btu/year) with an average of 4,044 MWh/year (13.8 billion Btu/year). This average estimate of 13.8 billion Btu/year agrees with the contractors proposal and also with methods described in the Industrial Process Heat Handbook published by NREL. The simulation is able to model more detail and inform design recommendations, such as bypassing the steam generator and only making hot water on winter days. C1 [Walker, Andy; Kutscher, Chuck] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Walker, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400075 ER PT B AU Siegel, N Kolb, G Kim, K Rangaswamy, V Moujaes, S AF Siegel, Nathan Kolb, Greg Kim, Kibum Rangaswamy, Vijayarangan Moujaes, Samir GP ASME TI Solid particle receiver flow characterization studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; SOLAR AB The solid particle receiver (SPR) is a direct absorption central receiver that can provide a solar interface with thermal storage for thermochemical hydrogen production processes requiring heat input at temperatures up to 1000 C. In operation, a curtain consisting of similar to 690 mu m ceramic particles is dropped within the receiver cavity and directly illuminated by concentrated solar energy. The heated particles exit the receiver and may either be stored or sent through a beat exchanger to provide process heat input. The performance of the receiver is dependent on the characteristics of the particle flow including velocity and opacity (optical density). In addition, because the SPR will have an open aperture there is also a possibility that the flow may be disturbed by high ambient winds. Computational models have been and are currently being used to simulate receiver performance at power levels up to several MWt. However, due to the complex two-phase nature of the solid particle flow, such models rely on experimental data both to provide physical input, such as boundary conditions, as well as to provide a point of comparison for model validation. In this paper, we present experimental results from tests performed using a small scale unheated solid particle curtain. These tests focus on the measurement of the flow characteristics of the solid particle curtain as it falls from a near-zero velocity discharge slot to a collection point three meters below. The results include measured values for the variation of velocity, solids volume fraction, curtain width, and curtain opacity along the length of the curtain. C1 [Siegel, Nathan; Kolb, Greg] Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siegel, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 877 EP 883 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400102 ER PT B AU Igo, J Andraka, CE AF Igo, John Andraka, Charles E. GP ASME TI Solar dish field system model for spacing optimization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Dish Stirling power generation systems have been identified by DOE, Sandia National Laboratories, and Stirling Energy Systems (SES) as having the capability of delivering utility-scale renewable energy to the nation's electrical grid. SES has proposed large plants, 20,000 units or more (0.5 GW rated power) in one place, in order to rapidly ramp up production automation. With the large capital investment needed in such a plant it becomes critical to optimize the system at the field level, as well as at the individual unit level. In this new software model, we provide a tool that predicts the annual and monthly energy performance of a field of dishes, in particular taking into account the impact of dish-to-dish shading on the energy and revenue streams. The Excel-based model goes beyond prior models in that it incorporates the true dish shape (flexible to accommodate many dish designs), multiple-row shading, and a revenue stream model that incorporates time-of-day and time-of-year pricing. This last feature is critical to understanding key shading tradeoffs on a financial basis. The model uses TMY or 15-minute meteorological data for the selected location. It can incorporate local ground slope across the plant, as well as stagger between the rows of dish systems. It also incorporates field-edge effects, which can be significant on smaller plants. It also incorporates factors for measured degraded performance due to shading. This tool provides one aspect of the decision process for fielding many systems, and must be combined with land costs, copper layout and costs, and O&M predictions (driving distance issues) in order to optimize the loss of power due to shading against the added expense of a larger spatial array. Considering only the energy and revenue stream, the model indicates that a rectangular, unstaggered field layout maximizes field performance. We also found that recognizing and accounting for true performance degradation due to shading significantly impacts plant production, compared with prior modeling attempts. C1 [Igo, John; Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Igo, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 981 EP 987 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400112 ER PT B AU Andraka, CE AF Andraka, Charles E. GP ASME TI Alignment strategy optimization method for Dish Stirling faceted concentrators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A Dish Stirling parabolic concentrator typically consists of a number of mirror facets that must be aligned to focus the concentrated sunlight on the engine receiver. An alignment strategy must be developed to deliver the energy uniformly to the receiver while maximizing system performance. Several criteria must be met in order to maximize the performance and lifetime of the system. The peak flux should be minimized at the receiver to extend life. This is accomplished by locally optimizing the mirror aimpoints, minimizing overlap of facet images. The energy delivered to each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine should be balanced to maximize the power production capability of the engine. This is accomplished through globally optimizing the mirror aimpoints. Depending on dish geometry, both of these constraints will be met by moving the aimpoints of certain facets away from a single point at the center of the aperture. However, this often results in a larger aperture or more flux spillage. The larger aperture results in greater thermal and reflective losses from the receiver cavity. This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel approach to optimizing the alignment strategy while obeying these constraints. The method uses an approach similar to molecular dynamics to globally and locally distribute the power on the receiver, while imposing movement constraints at the aperture to limit the focal plane spot size. The method can also impose additional geometric constraints at the receiver plane to accommodate un-cooled surfaces. The method is explored and demonstrated on the Stirling Energy Systems 25kW dish Stirling system at Sandia National Laboratories. The approach provides a receiver flux distribution and power balance equal to the strategy developed by McDonnell Douglas in the early 1980's, but with an aperture size equal to that of the single aimpoint strategy. This should result in about a 1kW increase in power generated at rated conditions, with no additional cost, due to reduced thermal losses from the receiver. The method can be extended to other point-focus concentrating solar technologies. On a tower, the heliostat aiming strategy could be dynamically updated to accommodate flux profile needs, sun position, or maintenance in the field. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Andraka, CE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 1047 EP 1054 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400120 ER PT B AU Kennedy, CE Terwilliger, K Jorgensen, GJ AF Kennedy, C. E. Terwilliger, K. Jorgensen, G. J. GP ASME TI Furthur analysis of accelerated exposure testing of thin-glass mirror matrix SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Concentrating solar power (CSP) companies have deployed thin-glass mirrors produced by wet-silver processes on similar to 1-mm-thick, relatively lightweight glass. These mirrors are bonded to metal substrates in commercial installations and have the confidence of the CSP industry. Initial hemispherical reflectance is similar to 93%-96%, and the cost is similar to$16.1/m(2)-$43.0/m(2). However, corrosion was observed in mirror elements of operational solar systems deployed outdoors for 2 years. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Advanced Materials Team has been investigating this problem. First, it was noted that this corrosion is very similar to the corrosion bands and spots observed on small (45 mm x 67 mm) thin-glass mirrors laminated to metal substrates with several different types of adhesives and subjected to accelerated exposure testing (AET) at NREL. The corrosion appears as dark splotches in the center of the mirror, with a corresponding 5%-20% loss in reflectivity. Secondly, two significant changes in mirror manufacture have occurred in the wet-chemistry process because of environmental concerns. The first is the method of forming a copper-free reflective mirror, and the second is the use of lead-free paints. However, the copper-free process requires stringent quality control and the lead-free paints were developed for interior applications. A test matrix of 84 combinations of sample constructions (mirror type/back-protective paint/adhesive/substrate) was devised for AET as a designed experiment to identify the most-promising mirrors, paints, and adhesives for use with concentrator designs. Two types of accelerated exposure were used: an Atlas Ci5000 WeatherOmeter (C15000) and a BlueM damp-heat chamber. Based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the various factors and interactions were modeled. These samples now have more than 36 months of accelerated exposure, and most samples have completed their test cycle. We will discuss the results of the final exposure testing of these mirror samples. Glass mirrors with copper back-layers and heavily leaded paints have been considered robust for outdoor use. However, the basic mirror composition of the new mirrors is radically different from that of historically durable solar mirrors, and the outdoor durability must be determined. C1 [Kennedy, C. E.; Terwilliger, K.; Jorgensen, G. J.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kennedy, CE (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 1055 EP 1064 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400121 ER PT B AU Lawler, JP Lloyd, JL AF Lawler, John P. Lloyd, Jimmy L. GP ASME TI Gas fired test system for Stirling engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Sandia National Laboratories in conjunction with Stirling Energy Systems (SES) has increased the capabilities of the National Solar Thermal Test Facility's Engine Test Facility to include a gas fired burner for advance testing on the Kochums 4-95 Stirling engine. SES is using this engine in its current solar energy production system and is performing a redesign for manufacturability and reliability. The gas burner will aid in this task allowing a safe, controlled test environment. A burner was developed for the SES engine and tested at Arizona University. The gas and air controls were scavenged from an old gas fired Stirling engine test performed in the 1990s. Goals for the burner are to have the ability to do attended tests, but then have unattended tests. Due to equipment limitations, the gas and air control skid did not have these capabilities and was modified with newer equipment such as a PLC controller. Software to run the burner efficiently was developed and the system is prepared for testing a Stirling engine. C1 [Lawler, John P.; Lloyd, Jimmy L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawler, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 1065 EP 1069 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400122 ER PT B AU Kolb, GJ Davenport, R Gorman, D Lumia, R Thomas, R Donnelly, M AF Kolb, Gregory J. Davenport, Roger Gorman, David Lumia, Ron Thomas, Robert Donnelly, Matthew GP ASME TI Heliostat cost reduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Power towers are capable of producing solar-generated electricity and hydrogen on a large scale. Heliostats are the most important cost element of a solar power tower plant. Since they constitute similar to 50% to the capital cost of the plant it is important to reduce the cost of heliostats to as low as possible to improve the economic viability of power towers. In this study we evaluate current heliostat technology and estimate a price of $126/m(2) given year 2006 materials and labor costs. We also propose R&D that should ultimately lead to a price of less than $100/m(2). Approximately 30 heliostat and manufacturing experts from the USA, Europe, and Australia contributed to the content of this report during 2 workshops conducted at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility. C1 [Kolb, Gregory J.; Donnelly, Matthew] Solar Syst Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kolb, GJ (reprint author), Solar Syst Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM gjkolb@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 1077 EP 1084 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400124 ER PT B AU Bell, J Beckner, V Kuhl, AL AF Bell, John Beckner, Vince Kuhl, Allen L. TI Simulation of enhanced-explosive devices in chambers and tunnels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team AB Shock-dispersed fuel (SDF) explosives use a small chemical charge to disperse a combustible fuel that burns in the post-detonation environment. Here, we model an SDF explosive in which the dispersed fuel is flake aluminum. We present a multiphase flow model that combines a second-order Godunov-type discretization coupled with a structured adaptive mesh refinement scheme. We use this model to simulate several calorimeter geometries and compare the simulations with experimental results. C1 [Bell, John; Beckner, Vince] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuhl, Allen L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bell, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbbell@lbl.gov; vebeckner@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 139 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900021 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Sorescu, DC AF Boatz, Jerry A. Sorescu, Dan C. TI Polynitrogen/Nanoaluminum surface interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE; POINTS; METALS AB First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been conducted to study the adsorption of a series of high-nitrogen compounds of increasing sizes and complexity on the Al(111) surface. The calculations employ periodic slab models with 4 Al layers, ranging in size from (3x3) to (7 x 7) surface unit cells, and containing up to 196 Al atoms. Complementary quantum chemical calculations, utilizing DFT and second-order perturbation theory methods, of the ground state potential energy surfaces of the corresponding polynitrogen/high nitrogen species in the absence of the aluminum surface also have been performed. For the set of chemical species N-x(x=1,5), NHx(x=1-3), N2Hx(x=1-4) and N3H, N3H3, and N4H4, the adsorption configurations at different surface sites and the corresponding binding energies have been determined. This analysis has been further extended to high-nitrogen compounds N5H and N6H2. For these two systems it was found that the initial bonding to the surface takes place through a molecular mechanism (nondissociatively) with involvement of single or multiple N atoms of the molecule. However, dissociation on the surface can take place with small activation energies' This set of calculations has been further extended to include 1,3,5-triazene and 1,2,3-triazine (C3H3N3) as well as larger substituted triazene systems such as C9N30 and C15N18. For these large systems it was found that bonding takes place through multiple N centers with formation of highly strained and deformed adsorption configurations. In a number of instances the adsorption takes place dissociatively with N-2 elimination. C1 [Boatz, Jerry A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sorescu, Dan C.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM jerry.boatz@edwards.af.mil FU computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRCs); DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge grants of computer time at the Air Force Research Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRCs), sponsored by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 211 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900032 ER PT B AU Banks, DC Abu-Raddad, L AF Banks, David C. Abu-Raddad, Laith BE Alam, MS TI The foundations of photo-realistic rendering: From quantum electrodynamics to Maxwell's equations SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering CY JAN 03-05, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Int Assoc Sci Technol Dev, IASTED, Comm Graph, IASTED, Comm Visualizat DE quantum electrodynamics; Maxwell's equations; photo-realistic; rendering AB Rendering techniques simulate 3D light transport. The typical algorithms only approximate electromagnetic wave interactions. The classical theory of electrodynamics is itself a macroscopic manifestation of the elemental quantum theory of electrodynamics (QED), which describes how individual photons behave. In this paper we explain how QED leads to Maxwell's equations. C1 Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Comp Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nashville, TN USA. RP Banks, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Comp Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nashville, TN USA. OI Abu-Raddad, Laith/0000-0003-0790-0506 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 978-0-88986-625-6 PY 2007 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGE66 UT WOS:000246337600024 ER PT J AU Ghosh, BK Polpitiya, AD Wang, WX AF Ghosh, Bijoy K. Polpitiya, Ashoka D. Wang, Wenxue TI Bio-inspired networks of visual sensors, neurons, and oscillators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review DE cortical waves; eye movement; formation sensing; gaze control; Hebbian and anti-Hebbian adaptation; Kuramoto model; Listing's law; localization; neural network; oscillator network; place cells; sensor network; sparse coding; theta phase precession ID FIGURE-GROUND SEPARATION; THETA PHASE PRECESSION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CAMERA CALIBRATION; SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; PROPAGATING WAVES; SMART DUST; SYNCHRONIZATION; RAT AB Animals routinely rely on their eyes to localize fixed and moving targets. Such a localization process might include prediction of future target location, recalling a sequence of previously visited places or, for the motor control circuit, actuating a successful movement. Typically, target localization is carried out by fusing images from two eyes, in the case of binocular vision, wherein the challenge is to have the images calibrated before fusion. in the field of machine vision, a typical problem of interest is to localize the position and orientation of a network of mobile cameras (sensor network) that are distributed in space and are simultaneously tracking a target. Inspired by the animal visual circuit, we study the problem of binocular image fusion for the purpose of. localizing an unknown target in space. Guided by the dynamics of "eye rotation," we introduce control strategies that could be used to build machines with multiple sensors. In particular, we address the problem of how a group of visual sensors can be optimally controlled in a formation. we also address how images from multiple sensors are encoded using a set of basis functions, choosing a "larger than minimum" number of basis functions so that the resulting code that represents the image is sparse. We address the problem of how a sparsely encoded visual data stream is internally represented by a pattern of neural activity. in addition to the control mechanism, the synaptic interaction between cells is also subjected to "adaptation" that enables the activity waves to respond with greater sensitivity to visual input. We study how the rat hippocampal place cells are used to form a cognitive map of the environment so that the animal's location can be determined from its place cell activity. Finally, we study the problem of "decoding" location of moving targets from the neural activity wave in the cortex. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ghosh, BK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bijoy.ghosh@ttu.edu; ashoka.polpitiya@pnl.gov; wenxue.wang@ttu.edu NR 101 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1 BP 188 EP 214 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2006.887320 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 145OW UT WOS:000244875400011 ER PT S AU Jamshidi, A Pauzauskie, PJ Ohta, AT Chiou, PY Hsu, HY Yang, P Wu, MC AF Jamshidi, Arash Pauzauskie, Peter J. Ohta, Aaron T. Chiou, Pei-Yu Hsu, Hsan-Yin Yang, Peidong Wu, Ming C. GP IEEE TI Semiconductor nanowire manipulation using optoelectronic tweezers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE TWENTIETH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) CY JAN 21-25, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE AB We demonstrate, for the first time, the trapping and manipulation of individual Si nanowires by light-induced dielectrophoresis, or optoelectronic tweezers (OET). Trapping of single Si nanowires, with a diameter of 100 nm and length of 5 gm, is reported using OET with an optical power density of 100 W/cm(2). We show that OET can separate two adjacent Si nanowires and transport a single nanowire at a speed of 135 mu m/s. Array patterns of Si nanowires have also been demonstrated. C1 [Jamshidi, Arash; Ohta, Aaron T.; Chiou, Pei-Yu; Hsu, Hsan-Yin; Wu, Ming C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pauzauskie, Peter J.; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Peidong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jamshidi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arash@eecs.berkeley.edu FU Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) and Institute; NSF FX This project is supported by Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) and Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration (CMISE), a NASA URETI. AJ and PJP would like to thank Miki Kunitake for preparation of Si nanowire samples. PJP thanks the NSF for a graduate student research fellowship. The authors thank the National Center for Electron Microscopy for use of their facilities. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-0950-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2007 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHS11 UT WOS:000255867800087 ER PT S AU Xu, Q Sharp, ID Yuan, CW Yi, DO Liao, CY Glaeser, AM Minor, AM Beeman, JW Ridgway, MC Kluth, P Ager, JW Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Xu, Q. Sharp, I. D. Yuan, C. W. Yi, D. O. Liao, C. Y. Glaeser, A. M. Minor, A. M. Beeman, J. W. Ridgway, M. C. Kluth, P. Ager, J. W., III Chrzan, D. C. Haller, E. E. BE Meyer, E Hegner, M Gerber, C Guntherodt, HJ TI Superheating and supercooling of Ge nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Basel, SWITZERLAND ID MELTING TEMPERATURE AB Free-standing nanocrystals exhibit a size-dependant thermodynamic melting point reduction relative to the bulk melting point that is governed by the surface free energy. The presence of an encapsulating matrix, however, alters the interface free energy of nanocrystals and their thermodynamic melting point can either increase or decrease relative to bulk. Furthermore, kinetic contributions can significantly alter the melting behaviours of embedded nanoscale materials. To study the effect of an encapsulating matrix on the melting behaviour of nanocrystals, we performed in situ electron diffraction measurements on Ge nanocrystals embedded in a silicon dioxide matrix. Ge nanocrystals were formed by multi-energy ion implantation into a 500 nm thick silica thin film on a silicon substrate followed by thermal annealing at 900 degrees C for 1 h. We present results demonstrating that Ge nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 exhibit a 470 K melting/solidification hysteresis that is approximately symmetric about the bulk melting point. This unique behaviour, which is thought to be impossible for bulk materials, is well described using a classical thermodynamic model that predicts both kinetic supercooling and kinetic superheating. The presence of the silica matrix suppresses surface pre-melting of nanocrystals. Therefore, heterogeneous nucleation of both the liquid phase and the solid phase are required during the heating and cooling cycle. The magnitude of melting hysteresis is governed primarily by the value of the liquid Ge/solid Ge interface free energy, whereas the relative values of the solid Ge/matrix and liquid Ge/matrix interface free energies govern the position of the hysteresis loop in absolute temperature. C1 [Xu, Q.; Sharp, I. D.; Yuan, C. W.; Yi, D. O.; Liao, C. Y.; Minor, A. M.; Ager, J. W., III; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Q.; Sharp, I. D.; Yuan, C. W.; Yi, D. O.; Liao, C. Y.; Glaeser, A. M.; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kluth, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eehaller@lbl.gov RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Kluth, Patrick/0000-0002-1806-2432 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. NSF [DMR-0405472] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. DMR-0405472. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 61 BP 1042 EP 1046 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/61/1/206 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BVG12 UT WOS:000291445400206 ER PT B AU Ukai, M Ajimura, S Akikawa, H Alburger, DE Banu, A Chrien, RE Franklin, GB Franz, J Hashimoto, O Hayakawa, T Hotchi, H Imai, K Kishimoto, T May, M Millener, DJ Minami, S Miura, Y Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nagae, T Nakamura, SN Nakazawa, K Okayasu, Y Pile, P Quinn, BP Rusek, A Sato, Y Sutter, R Takahashi, H Tang, L Tamura, H Tanida, K Yuan, L Zhou, SH AF Ukai, M. Ajimura, S. Akikawa, H. Alburger, D. E. Banu, A. Chrien, R. E. Franklin, G. B. Franz, J. Hashimoto, O. Hayakawa, T. Hotchi, H. Imai, K. Kishimoto, T. May, M. Millener, D. J. Minami, S. Miura, Y. Miyoshi, T. Mizunuma, K. Nagae, T. Nakamura, S. N. Nakazawa, K. Okayasu, Y. Pile, P. Quinn, B. P. Rusek, A. Sato, Y. Sutter, R. Takahashi, H. Tang, L. Tamura, H. Tanida, K. Yuan, L. Zhou, S. H. BE Pochodzalla, J Walcher, T TI Observation of the 7 MeV excited spin-flip and non-spin-flip partners in O-16(Lambda) by gamma-ray spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERNUCLEAR AND STRANGE PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Johannes-Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY SP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Inst Kernphys HO Johannes-Gutenberg Univ ID LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI AB We have observed three gamma-ray transitions in O-16(Lambda) from both 7MeV excited spin-flip and non-spin-flip partners (2(-), 1(2)(-)) to the ground-state doublet (1(1)(-), 0(-)) via the O-16(K-, pi(-)) reaction. We have observed three gamma-ray transitions in O-16(Lambda) from both 7MeV excited spin-flip and non-spin-flip partners (2(-), 1(2)(-)) to the ground-state doublet (1(1)(-), 0(-)) via the O-16(K-, pi(-)) reaction. The 7 MeV excitation energies of the spin-doublet members (2(-), 1(2)(-)) were determined to be 6784 +/- 4 +/- 4 keV and 6562 +/- 1 +/- 2 keV, respectively, and thus the spacing was obtained to be 222 +/- 4 +/- 5 keV. This is the first observation of the spin-flip state directly populated by the (K-, pi(-)) reaction. Moreover, such directly populated spin-flip and non-spin-flip partners were resolved for the first time. C1 [Ukai, M.; Nakazawa, K.] Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. [Ukai, M.; Hashimoto, O.; Miura, Y.; Miyoshi, T.; Mizunuma, K.; Nakamura, S. N.; Okayasu, Y.; Tamura, H.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Ajimura, S.; Hayakawa, T.; Kishimoto, T.; Minami, S.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Akikawa, H.; Imai, K.; Takahashi, H.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Alburger, D. E.; Chrien, R. E.; Hotchi, H.; May, M.; Millener, D. J.; Pile, P.; Rusek, A.; Sutter, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Banu, A.] GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Franklin, G. B.; Quinn, B. P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Franz, J.] Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Nagae, T.; Sato, Y.] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Tang, L.; Yuan, L.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Tanida, K.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Zhou, S. H.] CIAE, Dept Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Ukai, M (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. EM m-ukai@phys.ed.gifu-u.ac.jp NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76365-9 PY 2007 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76367-3_5 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BHE55 UT WOS:000252478400005 ER PT B AU Marrone, S Acha, A Bydzovsky, P Cisbani, E Chang, CC Cusanno, F De Cataldo, C De Leo, R De Jager, CW Feuerbach, RJ Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Higinbotham, DW Iodice, M Kross, B Lagamba, L LeRose, JJ Markowitz, P Nappi, E Michaels, R Reitz, B Segal, J Sotona, M Urciuoli, GM Wojtsekhowski, B Zorn, C AF Marrone, S. Acha, A. Bydzovsky, P. Cisbani, E. Chang, C. C. Cusanno, F. De Cataldo, C. De Leo, R. De Jager, C. W. Feuerbach, R. J. Frullani, S. Garibaldi, F. Higinbotham, D. W. Iodice, M. Kross, B. Lagamba, L. LeRose, J. J. Markowitz, P. Nappi, E. Michaels, R. Reitz, B. Segal, J. Sotona, M. Urciuoli, G. M. Wojtsekhowski, B. Zorn, C. CA Hall A Collaboration BE Pochodzalla, J Walcher, T TI Li-9(Lambda) and N-16(Lambda) high resolution spectroscopy by electron scattering at Jefferson Lab in Hall A SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERNUCLEAR AND STRANGE PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Johannes-Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY SP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Inst Kernphys HO Johannes-Gutenberg Univ ID HYPERNUCLEI; STATES AB The preliminary results of the Li-9(Lambda) and N-16(Lambda) spectra obtained by electron scattering experiment in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in the framework of the experiment E94-107 are reported. These hypernuclei are produced bombarding respectively a Be-9 and a waterfall target. After a short description of the experimental equipment and of the data analysis procedures, the main characteristics of the measured spectra, as excited levels, energy resolution, and signal to noise ratio are evidenced. C1 [Marrone, S.; De Cataldo, C.; De Leo, R.; Lagamba, L.] Dipartimento Fis, Bari, Italy. [Marrone, S.; De Cataldo, C.; De Leo, R.; Lagamba, L.; Nappi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Acha, A.; Markowitz, P.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bydzovsky, P.; Sotona, M.] Phys Nucl Inst, Rez, Czech Republic. [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Chang, C. C.; Segal, J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cusanno, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Higinbotham, D. W.; Kross, B.; LeRose, J. J.; Michaels, R.; Reitz, B.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Zorn, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Feuerbach, R. J.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Iodice, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. RP Marrone, S (reprint author), Dipartimento Fis, Bari, Italy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76365-9 PY 2007 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76367-3_8 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BHE55 UT WOS:000252478400008 ER PT B AU Cusanno, F Acha, A Bydzovsky, P Chang, CC Cisbani, E De Jager, CW De Leo, R Feuerbach, RJ Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Higinbotham, DW Iodice, M Lagamba, L LeRose, JJ Markowitz, P Marrone, S Reitz, B Sotona, M Urciuoli, GM AF Cusanno, F. Acha, A. Bydzovsky, P. Chang, C. C. Cisbani, E. De Jager, C. W. De Leo, R. Feuerbach, R. J. Frullani, S. Garibaldi, F. Higinbotham, D. W. Iodice, M. Lagamba, L. LeRose, J. J. Markowitz, P. Marrone, S. Reitz, B. Sotona, M. Urciuoli, G. M. CA Hall A Collaboration BE Pochodzalla, J Walcher, T TI High resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy at Jefferson Lab, Hall A: The experimental challenge SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERNUCLEAR AND STRANGE PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Johannes-Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY SP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Inst Kernphys HO Johannes-Gutenberg Univ ID RICH DETECTOR; KAON PHYSICS AB The E94-107 experiment in Hall A at Jefferson Lab has started a systematic study of 1p-shell hypernuclei. Data have been taken on C-12, Be-9 and O-16 targets. The counting rate for hypernuclear electroproduction decreases dramatically as the scattering angle increases. Therefore, the electron scattering angle has to be as forward as possible to get high virtual photon flux and kaon angle has to be as close as possible to the virtual photon direction to minimize momentum transfer. In order to allow experiments at very forward angle in Hall A, two superconducting septum magnets were added to the High Resolution Spectrometers (HRS). The two magnets bend particles scattered at 6 degrees into each HRS, introducing only a small perturbation on the HRS optics thus preserving the excellent momentum resolution of the HRS. With the new setup a momentum resolution of 10(-4) FWHM on both HRS arms was obtained. One of the challenges of the experiment at very forward angle is the identification of very small peaks in the missing-energy spectrum; this requires a powerful Particle Identification (PID) system that provides unambiguous kaon selection. C1 [Cusanno, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sezione Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Acha, A.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bydzovsky, P.; Sotona, M.] Nucl Phys Inst, Rez, Czech Republic. [Chang, C. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.; Reitz, B.] Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy. [De Jager, C. W.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Higinbotham, D. W.; LeRose, J. J.; Marrone, S.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [De Leo, R.; Lagamba, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bari, Bari, Italy. [De Leo, R.; Lagamba, L.] Dipartimento Fis, Bari, Italy. [Iodice, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Rome Tre, Rome, Italy. RP Cusanno, F (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Sezione Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76365-9 PY 2007 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76367-3_9 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BHE55 UT WOS:000252478400009 ER PT B AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, D. J. BE Pochodzalla, J Walcher, T TI Gamma decay studies of hypernuclei - Theoretical situation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERNUCLEAR AND STRANGE PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Johannes-Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY SP Gesell Schwerionenforsch, Inst Kernphys HO Johannes-Gutenberg Univ ID SHELL HYPER-NUCLEI; P-SHELL; LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LI-7(LAMBDA); TRANSITIONS; MODEL; SIZE; B-10 AB Information on Li-7(Lambda), Be-9(Lambda), B-10(Lambda), B-11(Lambda), C-12(Lambda), N-15(Lambda), and O-16(Lambda) from the Ge detector array Hyperball is interpreted in terms of shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations with p-shell cores. It is shown that the data puts strong constraints on the spin dependence of the AN effective interaction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76365-9 PY 2007 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76367-3_18 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BHE55 UT WOS:000252478400018 ER PT B AU Watanabe, T Ahn, JK Akikawa, H Aoki, S Arai, K Balik, SY Baik, KM Bassalleck, B Chung, JH Chung, MS Davis, DH Fukuda, T Hayata, H Hoshinolo, K Ichikawa, A Imai, K Iwata, YH Iwata, YS Kakita, Y Kanda, H Kaneko, M Kawai, T Kawasaki, M Kim, CO Kim, JY Kim, SJ Kim, SH Kondo, Y Kouketsu, T Lee, YL McNabb, JWC Mitsuhara, M Nagase, Y Nagoshi, C Nakazawa, K Noumi, H Ogawa, S Kabe, H Oyama, K Park, HM Park, IG Parker, J Ra, YS Rhee, JT Rusck, A Shibuya, H Sim, KS Saha, PK Seki, D Sekimoto, M Song, JS Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Takeutchi, F Tanaka, H Tanida, K Toj, J Torii, H Torikai, S Tsunemi, T Tovee, DN Ushida, N Yamamoto, K Yasuda, N Yang, JT Yoon, CJ Yoon, CS Yosoi, M Yoshida, T Zhu, L AF Watanabe, T. Ahn, J. K. Akikawa, H. Aoki, S. Arai, K. Balik, S. Y. Baik, K. M. Bassalleck, B. Chung, J. H. Chung, M. S. Davis, D. H. Fukuda, T. Hayata, H. Hoshinolo, K. Ichikawa, A. Imai, K. Iwata, Y. H. Iwata, Y. S. Kakita, Y. Kanda, H. Kaneko, M. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, M. Kim, C. O. Kim, J. Y. Kim, S. J. Kim, S. H. Kondo, Y. Kouketsu, T. Lee, Y. L. McNabb, J. W. C. Mitsuhara, M. Nagase, Y. Nagoshi, C. Nakazawa, K. Noumi, H. Ogawa, S. Kabe, H. Oyama, K. Park, H. M. Park, I. G. Parker, J. Ra, Y. S. Rhee, J. T. Rusck, A. Shibuya, H. Sim, K. S. Saha, P. K. Seki, D. Sekimoto, M. Song, J. S. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Takeutchi, F. Tanaka, H. Tanida, K. Toj, J. Torii, H. Torikai, S. Tsunemi, T. Tovee, D. N. Ushida, N. Yamamoto, K. Yasuda, N. Yang, J. T. Yoon, C. J. Yoon, C. S. Yosoi, M. Yoshida, T. Zhu, L. BE Pochodzalla, J Walcher, T TI First observation of the Sigma N decay of the S=-2 system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERNUCLEAR AND STRANGE PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY OCT 10-14, 2006 CL Johannes-Gutenberg Univ, Mainz, GERMANY SP Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Inst Kernphys HO Johannes-Gutenberg Univ ID H-DIBARYON; SEARCH AB An event emitting a Sigma(-)-hyperon froin a Xi(-)-hyperon nuclear capture at rest has been observed in a hybrid-emulsion experiment. The event has been analyzed as the first observation of the weak decay of the S=-2 system. C1 [Watanabe, T.; Chung, J. H.; Iwata, Y. H.; Iwata, Y. S.; Kaneko, M.; Kawasaki, M.; Kouketsu, T.; Mitsuhara, M.; Nagase, Y.; Nakazawa, K.; Park, H. M.; Ra, Y. S.; Torikai, S.] Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 50111, Japan. [Ahn, J. K.; Akikawa, H.; Hayata, H.; Imai, K.; Kanda, H.; Kondo, Y.; Seki, D.; Takahashi, H.; Toj, J.; Torii, H.; Tsunemi, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Yoon, C. J.; Yosoi, M.; Zhu, L.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Aoki, S.] Kobe Univ, Fac Human Dev, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Arai, K.; Kakita, Y.; Ogawa, S.; Oyama, K.; Shibuya, H.] Toho Univ, Dept Phys, Ota, Tokyo, Japan. [Balik, S. Y.] Wonkwang Univ, Iksan, South Korea. [Baik, K. M.; Chung, M. S.; Kim, C. O.; Sim, K. S.; Yang, J. T.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Bassalleck, B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Davis, D. H.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Fukuda, T.; Noumi, H.] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hoshinolo, K.; Kawai, T.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. [Kim, S. J.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Yongbong, South Korea. [Kim, S. H.; Song, J. S.; Yoon, C. S.] Gyeongsang Natl Uni, Dept Phys, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam, South Korea. [Rhee, J. T.] Konkuk Uni, Inst Adv Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [McNabb, J. W. C.; Parker, J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nagoshi, C.] Higashi Nippon Int Univ, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan. [Kabe, H.] Osaka Prefectural Educ Ctr, Osaka, Japan. [Rusck, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Takahashi, T.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Takeutchi, F.] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Fac Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Tanaka, H.; Ushida, N.] Aichi Univ Educ, Aichi, Japan. [Tanida, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Yasuda, N.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Yoshida, T.] Osaka City Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 558, Japan. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 50111, Japan. EM takaomi@phys.ed.gifu-u.ac.jp NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76365-9 PY 2007 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76367-3_23 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BHE55 UT WOS:000252478400023 ER PT S AU Trease, H Carlson, T Moony, R Farber, R Trease, L AF Trease, Harold Carlson, Tim Moony, Ryan Farber, Robert Trease, Lynn BE DeFigueiredo, RJP TI Unstructured data analysis of streaming video using parallel, high-throughput algorithms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING SE IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing CY AUG 20-22, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED TCIP, IASTED TCSP DE unstructured data analysis; video content analysis; face extraction; face recognition; high-performance computing; video analysis AB This paper describes the use of high-performance, parallel, unstructured data analysis techniques to extract of human faces from streaming video. These faces are placed into a database which may be searched to answer the question "have we seen this person's face before? If the answer is yes, then where/when have we seen this person and what other faces (i.e., people) were they associating with?" This paper describes the algorithms that are used to: 1) extract all faces from the videos [1], 2) classify and characterize the faces into clusters containing all the different views of the faces, 3) search the face database using a network graphs representing face vs. time, face vs. location and face vs. face to discover social networks/relationships and 4) parallelize the algorithms to achieve optimal use of the processing power and communication bandwidth. We describe the parallel, high-throughput methods (used to process video at a rate of about one DVD (similar to 5Gbytes) per second), and algorithms that extract faces and build attribute vectors computed for each video frame and face based on information entropy relationships. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [2] is used to identify relationship among the frames and faces to reveal clusters of images and the trajectories of images that define how close one frame is to another or how close one face is to another. Finally, "social" networks are constructed to indicate which faces interacted with which other faces at what location for what period of time. The major use of the system described in this paper would be a scenario where the video feeds of many surveillance cameras are processed into a centralized database. C1 [Trease, Harold; Carlson, Tim; Moony, Ryan; Farber, Robert; Trease, Lynn] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Trease, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA SN 1482-7921 BN 978-0-88986-675-1 J9 IASTED INT CONF SIGN PY 2007 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGZ03 UT WOS:000251419000054 ER PT B AU Judi, D Kalyanapu, A Burian, S Daniel, B McPherson, T AF Judi, D. Kalyanapu, A. Burian, S. Daniel, B. McPherson, T. BE Wilson, J TI Wide-area flood inundation and infrastructure risk assessment simulation framework SO Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Water Resources Management LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Conference on Water Resources Management CY AUG 20-22, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI DE flood forecasting techniques; impact of flooding; GIS AB A simulation environment has been developed for the analysis of the inundation consequences for infrastructure systems from extreme flood events covering wide areas. This decision support architecture includes a GIS-based environment for model building and input parameter estimation, simulation integration tools for meteorological, hydrologic, and infrastructure system models and damage assessment tools for infrastructure systems. The GIS-based environment processes readily-available digital elevation models (30-m from the USGS), land use/cover data (30-m NLCD), stream networks from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and soils data from the NRCS (STATSGO) to create stream network, sub-basins, and cross-section shapefiles for river basins selected for analysis. Rainfall predictions are made by a numerical weather model and ingested in gridded format into the simulation environment. Runoff hydrographs are estimated using Green-Ampt infiltration excess runoff prediction and a I D diffusive wave overland flow routing approach. The hydrographs are fed into the stream network and integrated in a dynamic wave routing module using the EPA's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to predict flood depth. The flood depths are then transformed into inundation maps and exported for damage assessment. Wide-area assessment is provided through batch-run capability semi-automatically simulating inundation from extreme rainfall over numerous river basins covering multiple states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Judi, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 978-0-88986-679-9 PY 2007 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BGW67 UT WOS:000250957500032 ER PT S AU Simos, N AF Simos, Nicholas GP ISOPE TI Radiation effects in material microstructure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH (2007) INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1- 4, PROCEEDINGS SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2007) CY JUL 01-06, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE irradiation damage; annealing; microstructure ID DAMAGE AB Next generation nuclear power systems, high-power particle accelerators and space technology will inevitably rely on higher performance materials that will be able to function in the extreme environments of high irradiation, high temperatures, corrosion and stress. The ability of any material to maintain its functionality under exposure to harsh conditions is directly linked to the material structure at the nano- and micro-scales. Understanding of the underlying processes is key to the success of such undertakings. This paper presents experimental results of the effects of radiation exposure on several unique alloys, composites and crystals through induced changes in the physio-mechanical macroscopic properties. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simos, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 978-1-880653-68-5 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 2007 BP 2827 EP 2834 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGU91 UT WOS:000250717703005 ER PT S AU Krennrich, F Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Carter-Lewis, DA Celik, O Cogan, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Dowdall, C Duke, C Ergin, T Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Gutierrez, KG Grube, J Hanna, D Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, S Humensky, TB Imran, A Jung, I Kaaret, P Kenny, G Kieda, DB Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G Millis, J Moriarty, P Nagai, T Ong, RA Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Quinn, J Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, SA AF Krennrich, F. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Byrum, K. L. Carter-Lewis, D. A. Celik, O. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Dowdall, C. Duke, C. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Gutierrez, K. G. Grube, J. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hughes, S. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Jung, I. Kaaret, P. Kenny, G. Kieda, D. B. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Quinn, J. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. A. BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI Status Report From VERITAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEV PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS II WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID TELESCOPE; SYSTEM AB VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory covering energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV and will start operating by January 2007. We give a brief report of the construction status and performance characteristics of the telescopes. C1 [Krennrich, F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blaylock, G.; Ergin, T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M. K.; Grube, J.; Smith, A. W.] Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Buckley, J. H.; Gutierrez, K. G.; Hughes, S.; Jung, I.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Byrum, K. L.; Horan, D.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Celik, O.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dowdall, C.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Cui, W.; Konopelko, A.; Millis, J.; Pizlo, F.; Sembroski, G. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fortson, L. F.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Weekes, T. C.] F Lawrence Whipple Observat, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Hanna, D.; Kildea, J.; Maier, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hays, E.; Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kieda, D. B.] Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Insti Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Krennrich, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; PPARC in the UK FX This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Dept. of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland and by PPARC in the UK. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 34 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/006 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400006 ER PT S AU Hooper, D Kopke, L AF Hooper, Dan Koepke, Lutz BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI Summary of working group 4: High energy neutrino telescopes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEV PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS II WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID NUCLEI AB The field of high-energy neutrino astronomy is rapidly developing. A number of new experiments are currently being deployed and developed. Additionally, the recent successes of TeV gamma-ray astronomy have exciting implications for future neutrino telescopes. Here we will summarize these and other issues as they were discussed in the TeV II workshop's neutrino astronomy working group. C1 [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Koepke, Lutz] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov; 1utz.koepke@uni-mainz.de NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/016 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400016 ER PT S AU Carson, J AF Carson, Jennifer BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI GLAST: physics goals and instrument status SO Proceedings of the TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI ID RAY; BLAZARS AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is a space-based observatory scheduled to launch in October 2007 with two instruments: (1) the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM), sensitive to photon energies between 8 keV and 25 MeV and optimized to detect gamma-ray bursts, and (2) the Large Area Telescope (LAT), sensitive to gamma rays between 20 MeV and 300 GeV and designed to survey the gamma-ray sky with unprecedented sensitivity. We describe the LAT and the GBM. We then focus on the LAT's capabilities for studying active galactic nuclei. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carson, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 29, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/020 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400020 ER PT S AU Wissel, SA Hays, E AF Wissel, S. A. Hays, E. CA TrICE collaboration BE Halzen, F Karle, A Montaruli, T TI The track imaging Cerenkov experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TEV PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS II WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TeV Particle Astrophysics II Workshop 2006 CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Madison, WI AB The Track Imaging Cerenkov Experiment (TrICE) aims for a ground-based measurement of high energy cosmic-ray composition using a novel technique. By separating the Cerenkov emission from the primary and secondary particles, nearly elemental charge resolution can be established. Here the status of the TrICE experiment is discussed. C1 [Wissel, S. A.; Hays, E.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hays, E.; TrICE collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wissel, SA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wissels@uchicago.edu RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 60 BP 306 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/067 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF87 UT WOS:000246508400067 ER PT S AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Murray, SN Carr, J Carmichael, J Goulding, RH Baity, FW AF Welton, R. F. Stockli, M. P. Murray, S. N. Carr, J. Carmichael, J. Goulding, R. H. Baity, F. W. BE Stockli, MP TI Ion source development at the SNS SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE; SOURCE EXTRACTION; PLASMA SOURCE; SYSTEMS AB The US Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) has recently begun producing neutrons and is currently on track to becoming a world-leading facility for material science based on neutron scattering. The facility is comprised of an H- ion source, a linear accelerator, an accumulator ring, a liquid-Hg target and a suite of neutron scattering instruments. Over the next several years the average H- current from the ion source will be increased in order to meet the baseline facility requirement of providing 1.4 MW of beam-power to the target and the SNS power upgrade power requirement of 2+ MW on target. Meeting the latter goal will require H- currents of 70-100 mA with an RMS emittance of 0.20-0.35 pi mm mrad and a similar to 7% duty-factor. To date, the RF-driven-multicusp SNS ion source has only been able to demonstrate sustained operation at 33 mA of beam current at a similar to 7% duty-factor. This report details our efforts to develop variations of the current ion source which can meet these requirements. Designs and experimental results are presented for helicon plasma drivers, high-power external antennas, glow-discharge plasma guns and advanced Cs systems. C1 [Welton, R. F.; Stockli, M. P.; Murray, S. N.; Carr, J.; Carmichael, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goulding, R. H.; Baity, F. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus Energy Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 87 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200010 ER PT S AU Moehs, DP Welton, RF Stockli, MP Peters, J Alessi, J AF Moehs, Douglas P. Welton, Robert F. Stockli, Martin P. Peters, Jens Alessi, James BE Stockli, MP TI Ion source choices - An H- source for the High Intensity Neutrino Source SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE ion source; negative hydrogen; plasma; emittance; accelerators; magnetron; radio frequency ID SURFACE-PLASMA SOURCES; ACCELERATORS AB The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) program at Fermilab (formerly the Proton Driver) aims to develop a multi-mission linear accelerator (LINAC) capable of accelerate H- ions to 8 GeV. This paper touches on the ion source requirements for the HINS and discusses long pulse length testing of three ion sources which appear to have the capability of meeting these requirements. C1 [Moehs, Douglas P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60563 USA. [Welton, Robert F.; Stockli, Martin P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Peters, Jens] Deutsches Elektr Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Alessi, James] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Moehs, DP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60563 USA. EM moehs@fnal.gov FU University Research Associates Inc [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX Work at Fermilab supported by University Research Associates Inc., contract number DE-AC02-76CH03000. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 130 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200014 ER PT S AU Kalvas, T Hahto, SK Vainionpaa, JH Leung, KN Wilde, SB Mandrillon, P AF Kalvas, T. Hahto, S. K. Vainionpaa, J. H. Leung, K. N. Wilde, S. B. Mandrillon, P. BE Stockli, MP TI Multicusp ion source with external RF antenna for production of H- ions SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE ion source; negative hydrogen; proton; ion beam ID CEA/SACLAY; GENERATOR AB A multicusp ion source with modular design was developed at LBNL for production of H- ions. The source consists of a front plate, two multicusp front chambers, a quartz flange with external 3-loop RF antenna and a rear multicusp chamber. The source has LaB6 sputtering target at the rear chamber to lower the work function of the surfaces by coating them with LaB6 and an external cesium oven on the front plate. The front plate also has an integrated collar and filter magnets to cool plasma near the extraction. The collar also enables the use of cesium and LaB6 surface effects. The rear chamber is equipped with three vacuum feed-throughs for operation with two gases and a pressure measurement. Current density of over 10 mA/cm(2) of H- has been measured with e/I- ratio being similar to 100 when the source was operated with only 1000 W of cw RF power. Negative ion production was enhanced using cesium, Xe gas mixing and LaB6 deposition to the source surfaces. When the front plate with filter magnets is removed, the source produces large amounts of H+. Current density of 110 mA/cm(2) with 1800 W RF power at 2.3 Pa source pressure was measured with over 90% atomic species. A long operation lifetime is excepted as the external RF antenna is not exposed to plasma. C1 [Kalvas, T.; Hahto, S. K.; Vainionpaa, J. H.; Leung, K. N.; Wilde, S. B.; Mandrillon, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kalvas, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Accelerators for Industrial and Medical Applications [80HF01]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Finnish Academy of Science and Letters FX This work is funded by Accelerators for Industrial and Medical Applications (AIMASA-Laboratoire du Cyclotron) under contract #80HF01 and by Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Principal author (T. Kalvas) would like to acknowledge financial support from the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (Vilho, Yrjo ja Kalle Vaisalan Rahasto). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 136 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200015 ER PT S AU Keller, R Kwan, J Hahto, S Regis, M Wallig, J AF Keller, R. Kwan, J. Hahto, S. Regis, M. Wallig, J. BE Stockli, MP TI Plasma and beam production experiments with HYBRIS, a microwave-assisted H- ion source SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE negative hydrogen ion source; electron cyclotron resonance ion source AB A two-stage ion source concept was presented a few years ago, consisting of a proven H- ion source and a 2.45-GHz Electron Cyclotron-Resonance (ECR) type ion source, here used as a plasma cathode. This paper describes the experimental development path pursued at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, from the early concept to a working unit that produces plasma in both stages and creates a negative particle beam. Without cesiation applied to the second stage, the H- fraction of this beam is very low, yielding 75 micro-amperes of extracted ion beam current at best. The apparent limitations of this approach and envisaged improvements are discussed. C1 [Keller, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hahto, S.] SemEquip Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Kwan, J.; Regis, M.; Wallig, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA253 96, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract Numbers DE-AC52-06NA253 96 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 164 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200018 ER PT S AU Tarvainen, O Light, M Rouleau, G Keller, R AF Tarvainen, O. Light, M. Rouleau, G. Keller, R. BE Stockli, MP TI Helicon plasma generator-assisted negative ion source project at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE helicon plasma generator; negative ion source; multicusp ID FREQUENCY AB Helicon plasma generators are widely used for plasma processing applications due to their long life-time and capability of creating high-density plasmas efficiently. The aim of the helicon plasma generator-assisted negative ion source project at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is to use these features for producing intense beams of H- ions. Our development work builds upon pioneering experiments previously conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) with a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma generator. In the new approach a helicon plasma generator is used as a plasma cathode injecting electrons into a multi-cusp H- ion source. The secondary source can be operated without filaments or any other consumable parts and, consequently, the life-time of the ion source can be extended significantly. The development of the ion source is aimed to meet the beam production goals of the LANSCE 800 MeV linear accelerator refurbishment project i.e. 20 mA of H- beam with normalized area emittance (95% of the beam) less than 1.1 pi center dot mm center dot mrad and a duty factor of 12%. The operation principle of the source, the test stand design and the status of the development work will be presented in this article. C1 [Tarvainen, O.; Light, M.; Rouleau, G.; Keller, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tarvainen, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Technical support by Jonathan Ferris is greatly acknowledged. Work supported by yyythe US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 171 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200019 ER PT S AU Chacon-Golcher, E Bowers, KJ AF Chacon-Golcher, Edwin Bowers, Kevin J. BE Stockli, MP TI A particle-in-cell gun code for surface-converter H- ion source modeling SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE gun code; plasma simulation; particle-in-cell; Monte-Carlo; negative hydrogen surface; production AB We present the current status of a particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC-MCC) gun code under development at Los Alamos for the study of surface-converter H- ion sources. The program preserves a first-principles approach to a significant extent and simulates the production processes without ad hoc models within the plasma region. Some of its features include: solution of arbitrary electrostatic and magnetostatic fields in an axisymmetric (r,z) geometry to describe the self-consistent time evolution of a plasma; simulation of a multi-species (e(-),H+, H-2(+), H-3(+), H-) plasma discharge from a neutral hydrogen gas and filament-originated seed electrons; full 2-dimensional (r,z) 3-velocity (v(r), v(z), v(phi)) dynamics for all species with exact conservation of the canonical angular momentum p(phi); detailed collision physics between charged particles and neutrals and the ability to represent multiple smooth (not stair-stepped) electrodes of arbitrary shape and voltage whose surfaces may be secondary-particle emitters (H- and e(-)). The status of this development is discussed in terms of its physics content and current implementation details. C1 [Chacon-Golcher, Edwin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bowers, Kevin J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab Guest Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bowers, Kevin J.] D E Shaw & Co, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Chacon-Golcher, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396.] FX This work was sponsored by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 306 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200029 ER PT S AU Hahto, SK Bilbrough, DG Keller, R AF Hahto, S. K. Bilbrough, D. G. Keller, R. BE Stockli, MP TI Modeling of a high current H- LEBT with the Lorentz-EM 3D ion optics code SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE H-; LEBT; 3D simulation; ion source; ion optics; Lorentz ID SIMULATION AB High current electrostatic Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) systems are currently being developed for several applications ranging from H- cyclotrons to high intensity linear accelerators. A new design building on the experiences gained from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) LEBT system was modeled recently in 2D with PBGUNS. In this paper a 3D treatment is given for this new LEBT design for a 60 mA, 65 kV H- beam. For this type of LEBT 3D modeling is essential to accurately model the deflection of the co-extracted electrons from the beam. The beam chopping and steering for RFQ injection also presents a 3D problem for the otherwise cylindrically symmetric geometry. The modeled LEBT can transport a 60 mA H- beam with 0.2 pi mm mrad 1-rms emittance and Twiss parameters that are in accordance with established SNS LEBT specifications. C1 [Hahto, S. K.; Bilbrough, D. G.] SemEquip Inc, 34 Sullivan Rd, N Billercia, MA 01862 USA. [Keller, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hahto, SK (reprint author), SemEquip Inc, 34 Sullivan Rd, N Billercia, MA 01862 USA. EM hahtos@comcast.net NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 318 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200030 ER PT S AU Petrenko, SV Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Batalin, VA Pershin, VI Koslov, AV Stasevich, YB Koshelev, VA Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Oks, EM Gushenets, VI Poole, HJ AF Petrenko, S. V. Kuibeda, R. P. Kulevoy, T. V. Batalin, V. A. Pershin, V. I. Koslov, A. V. Stasevich, Yu. B. Koshelev, V. A. Hershcovitch, A. Johnson, B. M. Oks, E. M. Gushenets, V. I. Poole, H. J. BE Stockli, MP TI Negative decaborane ion beam from ITEP bernas ion source SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE negative decaborane; ion sources for ion implantation ID ENHANCEMENT AB A joint research and development effort focusing on the design of steady state, intense ion sources has been in progress for the past two and a half years with a couple of Russian institutions. The ultimate goal of the effort is to meet the two, energy extreme range needs of mega-electron-volt and 100's of electron-volt ion implanters. This endeavor has already resulted in record steady state output currents of higher charge state antimony and phosphorous ions to meet high-energy implantation requirements. For low energy ion implantation, R&D efforts have involved molecular ions and a novel plasmaless/gasless deceleration method. To date, 1 emA of positive decaborane ions were extracted at 10 keV and a smaller current of negative decaborane ions were also extracted. Though of scientific interest, negative decaborane ions did not attract interest from industry, since the semiconductor ion implant industry seems to have solved the wafer-charging problem. This paper describes conditions under which negative decaborane ions are formed and extracted from a Bernas ion source. C1 [Petrenko, S. V.; Kuibeda, R. P.; Kulevoy, T. V.; Batalin, V. A.; Pershin, V. I.; Koslov, A. V.; Stasevich, Yu. B.; Koshelev, V. A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Hershcovitch, A.; Johnson, B. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Oks, E. M.; Gushenets, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Poole, H. J.] PVI, Oxnard, CA 93031 USA. RP Petrenko, SV (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686 FU BNL; HCEI with ITEP; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]; US Department of Energy FX One of the authors (A.H) is grateful to V. Benveniste, K. Saadatmand, B. Vanderberg, M. Graf, T. Horsky, W. DiVeriglio, R. Rathmell, F. Sinclair, and A. Perel for many stimulating and very useful discussions. Work is supported by research contracts between BNL and HCEI with ITEP under the IPP Trust-2 program and by the U.S. Department of Energy.; Notice: This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the US Department of Energy. The Untied States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 333 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200032 ER PT S AU Havener, CC Liu, Y Liang, JF Wollnik, H Beene, JR AF Havener, C. C. Liu, Y. Liang, J. F. Wollnik, H. Beene, J. R. BE Stockli, MP TI Isobar suppression by photodetachment in a RE quadrupole ion guide SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY SEP 13-15, 2006 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANCE Div, Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE photodetachment; RF quadrupole; ion Guide; isobar suppression ID NEGATIVE-IONS AB Ion beam purity is of crucial importance to experimental research in nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). Mass selected beams are often mixtures of the radioactive isotope of interest and isobaric contaminants that complicate and sometimes compromise experiment. In order to maximize the use of the large radius magnetic mass separator at HRIBF for isobaric purification, the inherent energy spread of injected beams in the 25-MV tandem electrostatic accelerator must be minimized. The development of a negative ion beam cooler based on collisional cooling in a gas-filled RF ion guide has been reported to reduce negative ion beam spreads to a few eV. However, for some systems where magnetic separation is not sufficient, a novel technique based on selective non-resonant laser photodetachment inside the cooler has been developed. The interaction time of the laser radiation with the negative ions dramatically increases in the cooler, substantially increasing the efficiency of the selective photodetachment process. For example, due to a difference in the electron affinities of Co (0.661 eV) and Ni (1.156 eV), 2.5 W Nd:YAG laser radiation at 1.165 eV directed through the cooler achieved 95% suppression of Co-59(-) ions, while under identical conditions only 10% of Ni-58(-) ions were neutralized. Improvements in this proof-of-principle experiment and new results for O, F and S, Cl using laser radiation at 2.35 eV, are presented. C1 [Havener, C. C.; Liu, Y.; Liang, J. F.; Beene, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wollnik, H.] Univ Giessen Klinikum, Physikalisches Inst, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Wollnik, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Chemical Sciences,; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Applied Plasma Physics; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. CCH acknowledges support from the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Division of Applied Plasma Physics, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. This work is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0435-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 925 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGR03 UT WOS:000249892200034 ER PT J AU Favorite, JA AF Favorite, Jeffrey A. TI A four-group analytic rod transport problem for (n, y) and (n, n ' y) verification (vol 48, pg 103, 2006) SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Diagnost Applicat Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Favorite, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-4-TAR,MS T082, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fave@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 113 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2006.09.002 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 131DN UT WOS:000243848500011 ER PT S AU Saito, K Tsushima, K Thomas, AW AF Saito, K. Tsushima, K. Thomas, A. W. BE Faessler, A TI Nucleon and hadron structure changes in the nuclear medium and the impact on observables SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 58, NO 1 SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Review DE quarks in nuclei; quark-meson coupling model; relativistic nuclear model; properties of finite nuclei; a new scaling formula for hadron masses in matter; nucleon form factors; hypernuclei and exotic nuclei; meson-nucleus bound states; nuclear structure functions; hadron reactions in matter ID MESON COUPLING MODEL; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; CHARGE-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; QCD SUM-RULES; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SIGMA-OMEGA-MODEL; LONGITUDINAL RESPONSE FUNCTION; INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS AB We study the effect of hadron structure changes in a nuclear medium using the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. The QMC model is based on a mean field description of non-overlapping nucleon (or baryon) bags bound by the self-consistent exchange of scalar and vector mesons in the isoscalar and isovector channels. The model is extended to investigate the properties of finite nuclei, in which, using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to describe the interacting quark-meson system, one can derive the effective equation of motion for the nucleon (or baryon), as well as the self-consistent equations for the meson mean fields. In conventional nuclear physics, the Skyrme effective forces are very popular, but, there is no satisfactory interpretation of the parameters appearing in the Skyrme forces. Comparing a many-body Hamiltonian generated by the QMC model in the zero-range limit with that of the Skyrme effective forces, it is possible to obtain a remarkable agreement between the Skyrme force and the QMC effective interaction. One can also investigate the relationship between the QMC model and Quantum Hadrodynamics, by carrying out a re-definition of the scalar field in matter. Furthermore, by using naive dimensional analysis, it is possible to see that the QMC model can provide remarkably natural coupling constants and hence the model itself is regarded as a natural effective field theory for nuclei. The model is first applied to nuclear matter, where the coupling constants are determined so as to produce the saturation condition at normal nuclear matter density. We find a new, simple scaling relation for the changes of hadron masses in a nuclear medium, which can be described in terms of the number of light quarks in a hadron and the value of the scalar mean field in matter. Once the coupling constants are fixed, the model can be applied to various finite nuclei, including strange and exotic hypernuclei. In this article, we discuss in detail the properties of hypernuclei and meson-nucleus deeply bound states. It is also of great interest that the QMC model predicts a variation of the nucleon form factors in nuclear matter, which will certainly affect the analysis of electron scattering off nuclei, including polarization transfer experiments. Recent experimental analysis of data taken at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) and MAMI does indeed seem to support such a variation of nucleon form factors in nuclei. The change of nucleon structure in a nuclear medium is also expected to modify nuclear structure functions (the nuclear EMC effect), which are measured by scattering with high energy charged leptons and/or neutrinos. We study such possibilities, including consideration of the empirically observed, Bloom-Gilman (quark-hadron) duality. We also study hadronic reactions in a nuclear medium, namely, subthreshold kaon production in heavy ion collisions, D and (D) over bar meson production in antiproton-nucleus collisions, and J/Psi suppression. In particular, the modification of the D and (D) over bar meson properties in a nuclear medium derived from the QMC model can lead to a large J/Psi absorption cross section, which is required to explain the observed J/Psi suppression in the microscopic hadronic comover dissociation scenario, without assuming the formation of a QGP phase. The present investigation indicates that the traditional nuclear/hadronic physics approach may have its limitations. It further suggests the need for the study of alternative approaches which include subhadronic degrees of freedom, even at normal nuclear matter density. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Tsushima, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM tsushima@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 459 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 1 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2005.07.003 PG 167 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFN21 UT WOS:000243224600001 ER PT S AU Geer, S Zisman, MS AF Geer, S. Zisman, M. S. BE Faessler, A TI Neutrino factories: Realization and physics potential SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 59, NO 2 SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Review ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; CURRENT CROSS-SECTION; CP-VIOLATION; MUON; OSCILLATIONS; BEAMS; GOLDEN; TARGET; POLARIZATION; CAPTURE AB Neutrino Factories offer an exciting option for the long-term neutrino physics program. This new type of neutrino facility will provide beams with unique properties. Low systematic uncertainties at a Neutrino Factory, together with a unique and precisely known neutrino flavor content, will enable neutrino oscillation measurements to be made with unprecedented sensitivity and precision. Over recent years, the resulting neutrino factory physics potential has been discussed extensively in the literature. In addition, over the last six years the R&D necessary to realize a Neutrino Factory has been progressing, and has developed into a significant international activity. It is expected that, within about five more years, the initial phase of this R&D program will be complete and, if the community chooses to build this new type of neutrino source within the following decade, neutrino factory technology will be ready for the final R&D phase prior to construction. In this paper (i) an overview is given of the technical ingredients needed for a Neutrino Factory, (ii) beam properties are described, (iii) the resulting neutrino oscillation physics potential is summarized, (iv) a more detailed description is given for one representative Neutrino Factory design, and (v) the ongoing R&D program is summarized, and future plans briefly described. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM sgeer@fnal.gov NR 139 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2007 VL 59 IS 2 BP 631 EP 693 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.03.001 PG 63 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGU86 UT WOS:000250717200004 ER PT S AU Perdrisat, CF Punjabi, V Vanderhaeghen, M AF Perdrisat, C. F. Punjabi, V. Vanderhaeghen, M. BE Faessler, A TI Nucleon electromagnetic form factors SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 59, NO 2 SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Review DE nucleon structure; elastic electromagnetic form factors ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; DISPERSION-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; HIGH MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS AB There has been much activity in the measurement of the elastic electromagnetic proton and neutron form factors in the last decade, and the quality of the data has been greatly improved by performing double-polarization experiments, in comparison with previous unpolarized data. Here we review the experimental data base in view of the new results for the proton, and neutron, obtained at MIT-Bates, MAMI, and JLab. The rapid evolution of phenomenological models triggered by these high-precision experiments will be discussed, including the recent progress in the determination of the valence quark generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, as well as to the steady rate of improvements made in the lattice QCD calculations. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Perdrisat, CF (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM perdrisa@jlab.org NR 311 TC 201 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2007 VL 59 IS 2 BP 694 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.05.001 PG 71 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGU86 UT WOS:000250717200005 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K King, DL Hishikawa, Y Warta, W AF Green, Martin A. Emery, Keith King, David L. Hishikawa, Yoshihiro Warta, Wilhelm TI Solar cell efficiency tables (version 29) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE solar cell efficiency; photovoltaic efficiency; energy conversion efficiency ID 20-PERCENT EFFICIENCY; MULTICRYSTALLINE AB Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since June 2006 are reviewed. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovoltaics Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Photovoltaics RCPV, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Dept Solar Cells Mat & Technol, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovoltaics Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.green@unsw.edu.au NR 48 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1002/pip.741 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 127FP UT WOS:000243571000004 ER PT J AU Wiser, R Bolinger, M Cappers, P Margolis, R AF Wiser, Ryan Bolinger, Mark Cappers, Peter Margolis, Robert TI Analyzing historical cost trends in California's market for customer-sited photovoltaics SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; costs; markets; California; data; regression; incentives; policy AB This paper reports highlights from a detailed statistical analysis of the cost of customer-sited, grid-connected photovoltaic installations in the largest solar market in the United States: California. It is based on an analysis of 18 942 PV systems, totaling 254 MWAC, either funded or approved for funding under two separate rebate programs overseen by the California Energy Commission and the California Public Utilities Commission. We find that. (1) solar costs have declined substantially over time; (2) policy incentives have impacted pre-rebate installed costs, and some cost inflation is apparent; (3) economies of scale have driven down costs for larger systems; (4) systems installed in new home developments and in affordable housing projects have experienced much lower costs than the general retrofit market; and (5) installer experience and type have affected costs, but the effects differ by program. Results hold important implications for solar suppliers and customers, and for policymakers designing incentive programs. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RHWiser@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1002/pip.726 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 127FP UT WOS:000243571000007 ER PT J AU Shiratsuchi, Y Yamamoto, M Bader, SD AF Shiratsuchi, Yu Yamamoto, Masahiko Bader, S. D. TI Magnetism and surface structure of atomically controlled ultrathin metal films SO PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FERROMAGNETIC THIN-FILMS; SPIN-REORIENTATION TRANSITION; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FE FILMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; 2-DIMENSIONAL FERROMAGNETISM; DIPOLAR ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AB We review the correlation of magnetism and surface structure in ultrathin metal films, including the tailoring of novel magnetic properties using atomic scale control of the nanostructure. We provide an overview of modern fabrication and characterization techniques used to create and explore these fascinating materials, and highlight important phenomena of interest. We also discuss techniques that control and characterize both the magnetic and structural properties on an atomic scale. Recent advances in the development and applications of these techniques allow nanomagnetism to be investigated in an unprecedented manner. A system cannot necessarily retain a two-dimensional structure as it enters the ultrathin region, but it can transform into a three-dimensional, discontinuous structure due to the Volmer-Weber growth mechanism. This structural transformation can give rise to superparamagnetism. During this evolution, competing factors such as interparticle interactions and the effective magnetic anisotropy govern the magnetic state. These magnetic parameters are influenced by the nanostructure of the film. In particular, controlling the magnetic anisotropy is critical for determining the magnetic properties. Surface effects play especially important roles in influencing both the magnitude and direction of the magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin films. By properly altering the surface structure, the strength and direction of the magnetic anisotropy are controlled via spin-orbit and/or dipole interactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yamamoto, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Grad Sch Engn, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM yamamoto@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 134 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6816 J9 PROG SURF SCI JI Prog. Surf. Sci. PY 2007 VL 82 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.progsurf.2006.08.001 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 169KB UT WOS:000246590000002 ER PT J AU Kitazawa, M Kunihiro, T Nemoto, Y AF Kitazawa, Masakiyo Kunihiro, Teiji Nemoto, Yukio TI Novel collective excitations and the quasi-particle picture of quarks coupled with a massive boson at finite temperature SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOT GAUGE-THEORIES; GLUON PLASMA; T-C; RELATIVISTIC PLASMA; BOUND-STATES; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; TRANSITION; AMPLITUDES; SCATTERING AB Motivated by the observation that there may exist hadronic excitations even in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase, we investigate how the properties of quarks, especially within the quasi-particle picture, are affected by the coupling with bosonic excitations at finite temperature (T), employing Yukawa models with a massive scalar (pseudoscalar) and vector (axial-vector) boson of mass m. The quark spectral function and the quasi-dispersion relations are calculated at one-loop order. We find that there appears a three-peak structure in the quark spectral function with a collective nature when T is comparable with m, irrespective of the type of boson considered. Such a multi-peak structure was first found in a chiral model yielding scalar composite bosons with a decay width. We elucidate the mechanism through which the new quark collective excitations are realized in terms of the Landau damping of a quark (an antiquark) induced by scattering with the thermally excited boson, which gives rise to mixing and hence a level repulsion between a quark (antiquark) and an antiquark-hole (quark-hole) in the thermally excited antiquark (quark) distribution. Our results suggest that the quarks in the QGP phase can be described within an interesting quasi-particle picture with a multi-peak spectral function. Because the models employed here are rather generic, our findings may represent a universal phenomenon for fermions coupled to a massive bosonic excitation with a vanishing or small width. The relevance of these results to other fields of physics, such as neutrino physics, is also briefly discussed. In addition, we describe a new aspect of the plasmino excitation obtained in the hard-thermal loop approximation. C1 Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Kitazawa, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM kitazawa@quark.phy.bnl.gov; kunihiro@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp; nemoto@hken.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0033-068X J9 PROG THEOR PHYS JI Prog. Theor. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 117 IS 1 BP 103 EP 138 DI 10.1143/PTP.117.103 PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 135BQ UT WOS:000244129200004 ER PT J AU Lipkin, HJ AF Lipkin, Harry J. TI Exotic hadrons in the constituent quark model SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID PENTAQUARK; MASSES AB Exotic hadrons are important because their existence or absence can provide important clues to understanding how QCD makes hadrons from quarks and gluons. The first experimentally confirmed exotic will be the first hadron containing both qq and (q) over barq pairs and the first hadron containing color sextet and color octet pairs. Theoretical models are not very useful because there is no accepted model for multiquark systems with color-space correlations. The constituent quark model is the only phenomenological model with predictive power that has given experimentally tested universal predictions for both mesons and baryons. This paper reviews its explanation for why there are no bound exotics and its guidance to the search for heavy-flavored exotic tetraquarks and pentaquarks. A possible supersymmetry between mesons and baryons leading to meson-baryon mass relations not easily obtained otherwise is discussed. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lipkin, HJ (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1143/PTPS.168.15 PG 8 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200005 ER PT J AU Bardeen, WA AF Bardeen, William A. TI Mesotron decays and the role of anomalies SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Jubilee of the Sakata Model CY NOV 25-26, 2006 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN HO Nagoya Univ ID AXIAL-VECTOR CURRENT; CURRENT-ALGEBRA; GRAVITATIONAL ANOMALIES; WARD IDENTITIES; BETA-DECAY; MESON; GAUGE; BOSON; FIELD; MODEL AB Puzzles associated with Yukawa's mesotron theory of nuclear interactions led to the discovery of "anomalies" in quantum field theory. I will discuss some of the remarkable consequences of these anomalies in the physics of elementary particles. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 167 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1143/PTPS.167.44 PG 9 GA 218SU UT WOS:000250036000008 ER PT J AU Doi, T AF Doi, Takumi TI Theoretical status of pentaquarks SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID QCD SUM-RULE; THETA(+); BARYON AB We review the current status of the theoretical pentaquark search from the direct QCD calculation. The works from the QCD sum rule and the lattice QCD in the literature are carefully examined. The importance of the framework which can distinguish the exotic pentaquark state (if any) from the NK scattering state is emphasized. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Doi, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM doi@pa.uky.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200009 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, Stanley J. TI The conformal template and new perspectives for quantum chromodynamics SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Jubilee of the Sakata Model CY NOV 25-26, 2006 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN HO Nagoya Univ ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; DEUTERON FORM-FACTOR; LANDAU GAUGE QCD; INTRINSIC CHARM; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; PROTON SCATTERING AB Conformal symmetry provides a systematic approximation to QCD in both its perturbative and nonperturbative domains. One can use the AdS/CFT correspondence between Anti-de Sitter space and conformal gauge theories to obtain an analytically tractable approximation to QCD in the regime where the QCD coupling is large and constant. For example, there is an exact correspondence between the fifth-dimensional coordinate of AdS space and a specific impact variable which measures the separation of the quark constituents within the hadron in ordinary space-time. This connection allows one to compute the analytic form of the frame-independent light-front wave functions of mesons and baryons, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties and allow the computation of exclusive scattering amplitudes. One can also use conformal symmetry as a template for perturbative QCD predictions where the effects of the nonzero beta function can be systematically included in the scale of the QCD coupling. This leads to fixing of the renormalization scale and commensurate scale relations which relate observables without scale or scheme ambiguity. The results are consistent with the renormalization group and the analytic connection of QCD to Abelian theory at N-C -> 0. I also discuss a number of novel phenomenological features of QCD. Initial-and final-state interactions from gluon-exchange, normally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions, leading to leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, the breakdown of the Lam Tung relation in Drell-Yan reactions, and nuclear shadowing and non-universal antishadowing - leading-twist physics not incorporated in the light-front wave functions of the target computed in isolation. I also discuss tests of hidden color in nuclear wave functions, the use of diffraction to materialize the Fock states of a hadronic projectile and test QCD color transparency, nonperturbative antisymmetric sea quark distributions, anomalous heavy quark effects, and the unexpected effects of direct higher-twist processes. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 135 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 167 BP 76 EP 94 DI 10.1143/PTPS.167.76 PG 19 GA 218SU UT WOS:000250036000011 ER PT J AU Kokubun, M Yuasa, T Tamura, KI Makishima, K Takahashi, T Nakazawa, K Yamasaki, NY Murakami, H Maeda, Y Ebisawa, K Koyama, K Yamauchi, S Fukazawa, Y Mizuno, T Takahashi, H Bamba, A Senda, A Tanaka, Y Kamae, T AF Kokubun, Motohide Yuasa, Takayuki Tamura, Ken-ichi Makishima, Kazuo Takahashi, Tadayuki Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Yamasaki, Noriko Y. Murakami, Hiroshi Maeda, Yoshitomo Ebisawa, Ken Koyama, Katsuji Yamauchi, Shigeo Fukazawa, Yasushi Mizuno, Tsunefumi Takahashi, Hiromitsu Bamba, Aya Senda, Atsushi Tanaka, Yasuo Kamae, Tsuneyoshi CA Suzaku GC Team TI Hard X-ray investigation of the galactic center region with Suzaku SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID BOARD SUZAKU; EMISSION; RIDGE; DETECTOR; ORIGIN AB The Galactic center (GC) region has been known to exhibit strong enhancements of hot diffuse plasma, which is characterized by the highly ionized Fe-K fluorescence line. Based on past X-ray observations with Ginga, ASCA, and RXTE, in the Galactic plane or bulge region, a non-thermal emission, so-called the "hard-tail", has been confirmed to dominate the hard X-ray flux above 10 keV, and an association was found between surface brightnesses of the thermal and non-thermal components despite the completely different emission mechanism. Therefore, it is obviously important to investigate an existence of the hard-tail at GC with the unprecedented sensitivity of the HXD onboard Suzaku. By combining its narrow field-of-view of 30' and X-ray images simultaneously obtained by the XIS below 10 keV, an extensive investigation of spectral and spatial properties of the GC hard X-ray emission can be for the first time realized. We will report on results from seven pointings around GC, with a total exposure of 300 ks, performed in the performance verification phase of Suzaku. Strong hard X-ray signals were clearly detected in every observation by HXD-PIN in 10-70 keV range with a few tenth mCrab level intensities. C1 [Kokubun, Motohide; Tamura, Ken-ichi; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.; Murakami, Hiroshi; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Ebisawa, Ken] ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kokubun, Motohide; Yuasa, Takayuki; Tamura, Ken-ichi; Makishima, Kazuo; Takahashi, Tadayuki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Makishima, Kazuo; Senda, Atsushi] RIKEN, Cosm Ray Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Koyama, Katsuji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Yamauchi, Shigeo] Iwate Univ, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Takahashi, Hiromitsu] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7498426, Japan. [Tanaka, Yasuo] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-1312 Garching, Germany. [Kamae, Tsuneyoshi] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kokubun, M (reprint author), ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Yamasaki, Noriko/C-2252-2008 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900027 ER PT J AU Lipkin, HJ AF Lipkin, Harry J. TI From sakata model to Goldberg-Ne'eman quarks and Nambu QCD phenomenology and "right" and "wrong" experiments SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the Jubilee of the Sakata Model CY NOV 25-26, 2006 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN HO Nagoya Univ ID STRANGENESS ANALOG STATES; SHELL LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; UNITARY SYMMETRY; BARYON RESONANCES; MESONS AB The basic theoretical milestones were the Sakata SU(3) symmetry, the Goldberg-Ne'eman composite model with SU(3) triplets having baryon number (1/3) and the Nambu color gauge Lagrangian. The transition was led in right and wrong directions by experiments interpreted by phenomenology. A "good" experiment on (p) over barp annihilation at rest showed that the Sakata model predictions disagreed with experiment. A "bad" experiment prevented the use of the Goldberg-Ne'eman triplet model to predict the existence and masses of the Xi* and Omega(-). More "good" experiments revealed the existence and mass of the Xi* and the Omega(-) and the absence of positive strangeness baryon resonances, thus confirming the "tenfold way". Further "good experiments" revealed the existence of the vector meson nonet, SU(3) breaking with singlet-octet mixing and the suppression of the phi -> rho pi decay. These led to the quark triplet model. The paradox of peculiar statistics then arose as the Delta(++) and Omega(-) contained three identical spin-1/2 fermions coupled symmetrically to spin (3/2). This led to color and the Nambu QCD. The book "Lie Groups for Pedestrians" used the Sakata model with the name "sakaton" for the pn Lambda triplet to teach the algebra of SU(3) to particle physicists in the U.S. and Europe who knew no group theory. The Sakata model had a renaissance in hypernuclear physics in the 1970's. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lipkin, HJ (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 167 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1143/PTPS.167.155 PG 8 GA 218SU UT WOS:000250036000017 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Uchiyama, Y Hiraga, JS Nakazawa, K Watanabe, S Bamba, A Hughes, JP Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kokubun, M Koyama, K Mopa, K Petre, R Takahashi, H Tsub, Y AF Takahashi, Tadayuki Tanaka, Takaaki Uchiyama, Yasunobu Hiraga, Junko S. Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Shin Bamba, Aya Hughes, John P. Katagiri, Hideaki Kataoka, Jun Kokubun, Motohide Koyama, Katsuji Mopa, Koji Petre, Robert Takahashi, Hiromitsu Tsub, Yoko TI Suzaku observation of TeV SNR RX J1713.7-3946 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY-DETECTOR; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; RX J1713.7-3946; BOARD SUZAKU; SHELL; ACCELERATION; EMISSION AB We report on results from Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the Galactic supernova, remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with an energy coverage of 0.4-40 keV. With a sensitive hard X-ray measurement from the HXD PIN on board Suzaku, we determine the hard X-ray spectrum in the 12-40 keV range to be described by a power law with photon index Gamma = 3.2 +/- 0.2, significantly steeper than the soft X-ray index of Gamma = 2.4 +/- 0.05 measured previously with ASCA and other missions. We find that a simple power law fails to describe the full spectral range of 0.4-40 keV and instead a cutoff power law with bard index Gamma = 1.96 +/- 0.05 and high energy cutoff epsilon(c) = 9 +/- 1 keV provides an excellerit fit over the full bandpass. C1 [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Watanabe, Shin; Kokubun, Motohide] JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tanaka, Takaaki] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hiraga, Junko S.; Bamba, Aya] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Katagiri, Hideaki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kataoka, Jun] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Koyama, Katsuji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Mopa, Koji] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Petre, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tsub, Yoko] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 112855, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), JAXA, ISAS, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900037 ER PT J AU Mauche, CW Liedahl, DA Akiyama, S Plewa, T AF Mauche, Christopher W. Liedahl, Duane A. Akiyama, Shizuka Plewa, Tomek TI Hydrodynamic and spectral simulations. of HMXB winds SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID X-RAY BINARIES; VELA X-1; STELLAR WIND; EMISSION; ECLIPSE; SYSTEMS; LINES AB We describe preliminary results of a global model of the radiatively-driven photoionized wind and accretion flow of the high-mass X-ray binary Vela X-1. The full model combines FLASH hydrodynamic calculations, XSTAR photoionization calculations, HULLAC atomic data, and Monte Carlo radiation transport. We present maps of the density, temperature, velocity, and ionization parameter from a FLASH two-dimensional time-dependent simulation of Vela X-1, as well as maps of the emissivity distributions of the X-ray emission lines. C1 [Mauche, Christopher W.; Liedahl, Duane A.; Akiyama, Shizuka] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Plewa, Tomek] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mauche@cygnus.lln1.gov; liedahl1@lln1.gov; shizuka@lln1.gov; tomek@uchicago.edu RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010 OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900046 ER PT J AU Corbet, R Markwardt, C Barbier, L Barthelmy, S Cummings, J Gehrels, N Krimm, H Palmer, D Sakamoto, T Sato, G Tueller, J AF Corbet, Robin Markwardt, Craig Barbier, Louis Barthelmy, Scott Cummings, Jay Gehrels, Neil Krimm, Hans Palmer, David Sakamoto, Takanori Sato, Goro Tueller, Jack CA Swift BAT Survey Team TI Periodicities in X-ray binaries from Swift/BAT observations SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID 4U-2206+54; PERIOD; BAT AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board Swift has accumulated extensive light curves for 265 sources (not including GRBs) in the energy range 14 to 200 keV. We present here a summary of searches for periodic modulation in the flux from X-ray binaries. Our results include: determination of the orbital periods of IGR J16418-4532 and IGR J16320-4751; the disappearance of a previously known 9.6 day period in 4U 2206+54; the detection of a 5 hour period in the symbiotic X-ray binary 4U 1954+31, which might be the slowest neutron star rotation period yet discovered; and the detection of flares in the supergiant system 1E 1145.1-6141 which occur at both periastron and apastron passage with nearly equal amplitude. We compare techniques of weighting data points in power spectra and present a method related to the semi-weighted mean which, unlike conventional weighting, works well over a wide range of source brightness. C1 [Corbet, Robin; Markwardt, Craig; Barbier, Louis; Barthelmy, Scott; Cummings, Jay; Gehrels, Neil; Krimm, Hans; Sakamoto, Takanori; Sato, Goro; Tueller, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Corbet, Robin; Krimm, Hans] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Markwardt, Craig] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummings, Jay; Sakamoto, Takanori] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Palmer, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sato, Goro] ISAS JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Corbet, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 200 EP 203 PG 4 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900047 ER PT J AU Karsch, F AF karsch, Frithjof TI Hot QCD on the lattice SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; THERMODYNAMICS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; COLLISIONS; MASS AB We review lattice results that probe properties of high temperature QCD at different length scales and can help to elucidate its non-perturbative structure. We examine the flavor and chemical potential dependence of electric and magnetic screening lengths as well as the QCD equation of state. This emphasizes the subdominant role quark degrees of freedom play in building up the non-perturbative properties of high temperature QCD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Karsch, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM karsch@bnl.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1143/PTPS.168.237 PG 8 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200041 ER PT J AU Ejiri, S AF Ejiri, Shinji TI Lattice QCD thermodynamics with Wilson quarks SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID 2-FLAVOR QCD; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; FERMIONS AB We review studies of QCD thermodynamics by lattice QCD simulations with dynamical Wilson quarks. After explaining the basic properties of QCD with Wilson quarks at finite temperature including the phase structure and the scaling properties around the chiral phase transition, we discuss the critical temperature, the equation of state and heavy-quark free energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ejiri, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ejiri@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1143/PTPS.168.245 PG 8 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200042 ER PT J AU Pisarski, RD AF Pisarski, Robert D. TI Fuzzy bags and Wilson lines SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; LARGE N AB I start with an elementary observation about the pressure in the deconfined phase of a SU(3) gauge theory without quarks. This suggests a "fuzzy" bag model for the analogous pressure in QCD, with dynamical quarks. I then sketch how the deconfined phase might be described using an effective theory of Wilson lines. To leading order in weak coupling, the effective electric field appears in a form familiar from the lattice theory of Banks and Ukawa. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 276 EP 284 PG 9 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200046 ER PT J AU Kamae, T AF Kamae, Tuneyoshi TI GLAST and Suzaku: Study on cosmic-ray acceleration and interaction in the cosmos SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (Suzaku 2006) CY DEC 04-08, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Yukawa Inst, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Soc Promot Space Sci ID INTERSTELLAR RADIATION-FIELD; INVERSE COMPTON-SCATTERING; MILKY-WAY; CLOUDS AB The Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is an international and multiagency mission scheduled for launch in the fall of 2007. The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument of the mission, will survey the high energy sky found to be very dynamic and surprisingly diverse by its predecessor the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET). GLAST-LAT will have a much improved sensitivity when compared with EGRET and extend the higher energy coverage to similar to 300 GeV. The insrument is now mounted on the spacecraft and undergoing a suite of pre-flight tests. Data analysis software has been tried out by collaborators in two rounds of "Data Challenges" using simulated observations including backgrounds. The instrument performance and observational data on selected sources presented here have been obtained through the Data Challenges in the collaborative efforts. There are features in the GLAST-LAT observation possibly unfamiliar to X-ray astronomers: 1) GLAST will operate mostly in the survey mode; 2) the foreground objects (gas, dust, and star-light) become gamma-ray sources; 3) multiple sources will be "confused" because of the wide point-spread-function. The last two features will pose a challenge for analysis on extended Galactic sources such as supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae: multi-wavelength study with X-ray instruments like Suzaku and atmospheric Chrenkov telescopes will become essential to dig out the underlying physics. C1 [Kamae, Tuneyoshi] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kamae, Tuneyoshi] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kamae@slac.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 169 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 GA 249DS UT WOS:000252207900070 ER PT J AU Nemoto, Y Kitazawa, M Koide, T Kunihiro, T AF Nemoto, Yukio Kitazawa, Masakiyo Koide, Tomoi Kunihiro, Teiji TI Fermionic collective modes in QGP near critical temperatures SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; CHIRAL TRANSITION; QUARK MATTER AB We investigate the quark spectrum in the quark-gluon plasma phase near color superconducting (CS) and chiral phase transitions. Owing to the precursory soft modes of the phase transitions, there appear novel excitaion spectra: In the CS transition, the quark matter shows non-Fermi liquid behavior and leads to the pseudogap in the density of states of quarks. In the chiral transition, three collective excitations appear in the quark spectrum. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Nemoto, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM nemoto@hken.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp; kitazawa@quark.phy.bnl.gov; koide@if.ufrj.br; kunihiro@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1143/PTPS.168.385 PG 4 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200060 ER PT J AU Kitazawa, M Rischke, DH Shovkovy, IA AF Kitazawa, Masakiyo Rischke, Dirk H. Shovkovy, Igor A. TI Bose-Einstein condensation of diquark molecules in three-flavor quark matter SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; MASSES; MODEL AB We study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter with three quark flavors at low and intermediate densities and non-zero temperatures in the framework of an NJL-type model with four-point interactions. At large densities, when the interactions are weak due to asymptotic freedom, quarks form loosely bound Cooper pairs. However, when the density decreases, interactions become stronger and quark Cooper pairs transform smoothly into tightly bound diquark molecules. We find that such molecules are stable at low density and temperature and that they dissociate above a temperature T-diss of the order of the chiral phase transition temperature T-c similar to 170 MeV. We also explore the conditions under which these molecules undergo Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We find that BEC is only possible if we increase the attractive interaction in the diquark channel to (probably unrealistically) large values. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP Kitazawa, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM masky@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp; drischke@th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de; I-Shovkovy@wiu.edu RI Shovkovy, Igor/C-8047-2011 OI Shovkovy, Igor/0000-0002-5230-6891 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200061 ER PT J AU Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Ajimura, S Khanam, F Itabashi, T Matsuoka, K Minami, S Mitoma, Y Sakaguchi, A Shimizu, Y Terai, K Chrien, RE Pile, P Noumi, H Sekimoto, M Takahashi, H Fukuda, T Imot, W Mizor, Y AF Kishimoto, T. Hayakawa, T. Ajimura, S. Khanam, F. Itabashi, T. Matsuoka, K. Minami, S. Mitoma, Y. Sakaguchi, A. Shimizu, Y. Terai, K. Chrien, R. E. Pile, P. Noumi, H. Sekimoto, M. Takahashi, H. Fukuda, T. Imot, W. Mizor, Y. TI (K)over-tilde-nucleus interaction probed by the in-flight (K-, N) reactions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ANTIKAON PRODUCTION; KAON PRODUCTION; NEUTRON-STARS; MAXIMUM MASS; STATES; MATTER; ATOMS AB We would like to point out that the (K-, N) reactions are particularly useful for the study of the (K) over bar -nucleus interaction. We have measured the missing mass spectra derived from the momenta of both neutrons and protons from the C-12(K-,N) reactions. It was found that an appreciable amount of strength were below the (K) over bar -nucleus threshold which indicates that the K-nuclear potential is strongly attractive. The missing mass spectra are compared with theoretical calculations. It is found that a potential depth of around -190 MeV reproduces well the spectrum of the C-12(K-, n) reaction and a less deep potential of around -160 MeV reproduces well that of the C-12 (K-, p) reaction. Our data show that the K-nucleus potential is very deep to realize kaon condensation in the core of neutron stars. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728530, Japan. RP Kishimoto, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 573 EP 580 PG 8 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200085 ER PT J AU Ishii, N Doi, T Oka, I Suganuma, H AF Ishii, Noriyoshi Doi, Takumi Oka, Iakoto Suganuma, Hideo TI Five-quark picture of Lambda(1405) in anisotropic lattice QCD SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB Fine-quark (5Q) picture of Lambda(1405) is studied using quenched lattice QCD with an exotic 5Q operator of N (K) over bar type. To discreminate mere N (K) over tilde and Sigma pi scattering states, Hybrid Boundary Condition (HBC), a flavor-dependent boundary condition, is imposed on the quark fields along spatial direction. 5Q mass m(5Q) similar or equal to 1.89 GeV is obtained after the chiral extrapolation to the physical quark mass region, which is too heavy to be identified with Lambda(1405). Then, Lambda(1405) seems neither a pure 3Q state nor a pure 5Q state, and therefore we present an interesting possibility that Lambda(1405) is a mixed state of 3Q and 5Q states. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Ishii, N (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. EM ishii@ribf.riken.jp NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 598 EP 601 PG 4 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200089 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, Anthony W. TI The pion cloud: Insights into hadron structure SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yukawa International Seminar on New Frontiers in QCD - Exotic Hadrons and Hadronic Matter CY NOV 20-DEC 08, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID CHARGE FORM-FACTOR; BAG MODEL; CHIRAL CORRECTIONS; QUARK-MODEL; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; SEA; NEUTRON; DEPENDENCE; SYMMETRY AB Modern nuclear theory presents a fascinating study in contrasting approaches to the structure of hadrons and nuclei. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the treatment of the pion cloud. As this discussion really begins with Yukawa, it is entirely appropriate that this invited lecture at the Yukawa Institute in Kyoto should deal with the issue. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2007 IS 168 BP 614 EP 622 DI 10.1143/PTPS.168.614 PG 9 GA 232JM UT WOS:000251015200092 ER PT J AU Das, R Bin Qian Raman, S Vernon, R Thompson, J Bradley, P Khare, S Tyka, MD Bhat, D Chivian, D Kim, DE Sheffler, WH Malmstrom, L Wollacott, AM Wang, C Andre, I Baker, D AF Das, Rhiju Bin Qian Raman, Srivatsan Vernon, Robert Thompson, James Bradley, Philip Khare, Sagar Tyka, Michael D. Bhat, Divya Chivian, Dylan Kim, David E. Sheffler, William H. Malmstrom, Lars Wollacott, Andrew M. Wang, Chu Andre, Ingemar Baker, David TI Structure prediction for CABP7 targets using extensive all-atom refinement with Rosetta@home SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Meeting on Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE protein structure prediction; fragment insertion; Rosetta; CASP; all-atom refinement; template-based modeling; free modeling ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; TERTIARY STRUCTURES; COILED COILS; ENERGY; CASP6; GENERATION; SEQUENCES; SECONDARY AB We describe predictions made using the Rosetta structure prediction methodology for both template-based modeling and free modeling categories in the Seventh Critical Assessment Of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction. For the first time, aggressive sampling and all-atom refinement could be carried out for the majority of targets, an advance enabled by the Rosetta@ home distributed computing network. Template-based modeling predictions using an iterative refinement algorithm improved over the best existing templates for the majority of proteins with less than 200 residues. Free modeling methods gave near-atomic accuracy predictions for several targets under 100 residues from all secondary structure classes. These results indicate that refinement with an all-atom energy function, although computationally expensive, is a powerful method for obtaining accurate structure predictions. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biomol Struct & Design, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baker, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, J Wing Hlth Sci Bldg, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dabaker@u.washington.edu RI Andre, Ingemar/O-4777-2014; Baker, David/K-8941-2012; OI Andre, Ingemar/0000-0002-4753-8233; Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217; Wang, Chu/0000-0002-6925-1268 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [T32 HG00035]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM76222] NR 32 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2007 VL 69 SU 8 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1002/prot.21636 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 239EU UT WOS:000251502400013 PM 17894356 ER PT J AU Tress, M Cheng, J Baldi, P Joo, K Lee, J Seo, JH Lee, J Baker, D Chivian, D Kim, D Ezkurdia, L AF Tress, Michael Cheng, Jianlin Baldi, Pierre Joo, Keehyoung Lee, Jinwoo Seo, Joo-Hyun Lee, Jooyoung Baker, David Chivian, Dylan Kim, David Ezkurdia, Lakes TI Assessment of predictions submitted for the CASP7 domain prediction category SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Meeting on Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA DE domain boundaries; domain overlap; evaluation; ab initio domain prediction; template-based domain prediction; proteins ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; NEURAL-NETWORKS; DATABASE; INFORMATION; GENERATION; BOUNDARIES; SEQUENCES; SELECTION; ALIGNMENT AB This paper details the assessment process and evaluation results for the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP7) domain prediction category. Domain predictions were assessed using the Normalized Domain Overlap score introduced in CASP6 and the accuracy of prediction of domain break points. The results of the analysis clearly demonstrate that the best methods are able to make consistently reliable predictions when the target has a structural template, although they are less good when the domain break occurs in a region not covered by a template. The conditions of the experiment meant that it was impossible to draw any conclusions about domain prediction for free modeling targets and it was also difficult to draw many distinctions between the best groups. Two thirds of the targets submitted were single domains and hence regarded as easy to predict. Even those targets defined as having multiple domains always had at least one domain with a similar template structure. C1 Spanish Natl Canc Res Ctr, Struct & Biol Computat Programme, Madrid, Spain. Univ Cent Florida, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Inst Genom & Bioinformat, Irvine, CA USA. Sch Comp Sci, Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Tress, M (reprint author), Spanish Natl Canc Res Ctr, Struct & Biol Computat Programme, C Melchor Fernandez Almagro, Madrid, Spain. EM mtress@cnio.es RI Baker, David/K-8941-2012 OI Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2007 VL 69 SU 8 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1002/prot.21675 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 239EU UT WOS:000251502400015 PM 17680686 ER PT J AU Umar, A Luider, TM Foekens, JA Pasa-Tolic, L AF Umar, Arzu Luider, Theo M. Foekens, John A. Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana TI NanoLC-FT-ICR MS improves proteome coverage attainable for similar to 3000 laser-microdissected breast carcinoma cells SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE accurate mass and time tag; breast cancer; fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; laser capture microdissection; nanoscale liquid chromatography ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; TIME TAG APPROACH; ACCURATE MASS; CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DUCTAL CARCINOMA; CANCER; TISSUE; LINES AB Proteomics assays hold great promise for unraveling molecular events that underlie human diseases. Effective analysis of clinical samples is essential, but this task is considerably complicated by tissue heterogeneity. Laser capture microdissection. (LCM) can be used to selectively isolate target cells from their native tissue environment. However, the small number of cells that is typically procured by LCM severely limits proteome coverage and biomarker discovery potential achievable by conventional proteomics platforms. Herein, we describe the use of nanoLC-FT-ICR MS for analyzing protein digests of similar to 3000 LCM-derived tumor cells from breast carcinoma tissue, corresponding to similar to 300 ng of total protein. A total of 2282 peptides were identified by matching LC-MS data to accurate mass and time (AMT) tag databases that were previously established for human breast (cancer) cell lines. One thousand and three unique proteins were confidently identified with two or more peptides. Based on gene ontology categorization, identified proteins appear to cover a wide variety of biological functions and cellular compartments. This work demonstrates that a substantial number of proteins can be detected and identified from limited number of cells using the AMT tag approach, and opens doors for high-throughput in-depth proteomics analysis of clinical samples. C1 Erasmus MC, Josephine Nefkens Inst, Dept Med Oncol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Josephine Nefkens Inst, Dept Neurol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Umar, A (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Josephine Nefkens Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Dr Molewaterpl 50,Be 428 POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM a.umar@erasmusmc.nl FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 33 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1002/pmic.200600293 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 132QQ UT WOS:000243957700016 PM 17163580 ER PT S AU Davids, CN AF Davids, Cary N. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI New results in proton radioactivity: Observation of the deformed proton emitter Pr-121 SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE proton radioactivity; near-spherical and deformed proton emitters ID GROUND-STATE; DECAY AB A brief review of recent proton radioactivity experiments at Argonne National Laboratory is presented, including data on the proton emitters Tm-146 and Pr-121. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davids, CN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300001 ER PT S AU Rykaczewski, KP Gross, CJ Grzywacz, RK AF Rykaczewski, K. P. Gross, C. J. Grzywacz, R. K. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Towards the studies of proton ground-state radioactivities below Sn-100 SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE proton radioactivity; fusion-evaporation reactions; heavy-ion fragmentation ID DRIP-LINE; NUCLEI; IDENTIFICATION; DISCOVERY; POINT AB The discovery potential for new proton-emitting isotopes of elements with atomic numbers 35 < Z < 47 in a classical implantation-decay experiment is analyzed. In particular, proton separation energies and half-lives as well as the production and detection methods are discussed for nuclei below (100)n. Fusion-evaporation reactions studied by means of the Recoil Mass Separator at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are compared to heavy-ion fragmentation based studies at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory using the A1900 separator. The l=4 proton emitters Ag-93 and Rh-89 are identified as primary candidates to be discovered. C1 [Gross, C. J.; Grzywacz, R. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Grzywacz, R. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rykaczewski, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 12 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300002 ER PT S AU Kamy, M Rykaczewski, KP Grzywacz, R Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Goodin, CT Gross, CJ Hamilton, JH Korgul, A Krolas, W Liddick, SN Li, K Maier, KH Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Shapira, D Simpson, D Tantawy, MN Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Kamy, M. Rykaczewski, K. P. Grzywacz, R. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Goodin, C. T. Gross, C. J. Hamilton, J. H. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Liddick, S. N. Li, K. Maier, K. H. Mazzocchi, C. Piechaczek, A. Shapira, D. Simpson, D. Tantawy, M. N. Winger, J. A. Yu, C. H. Zganjar, E. F. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Fine structure in proton emission from the deformed Ho-141g.s and Ho-141m SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE proton radioactivity; fusion-evaporation reactions; charged particle spectroscopy; deformed nuclei; wave functions ID DECAY AB Fine structure in proton emission from the deformed states (141g.s). Ho (T-1/2=4.1 ms) and Ho-141m (T-1/2= 7.4 mu s) has been discovered at Oak Ridge by detecting fusion evaporation residues with the Recoil Mass Spectrometer, Si-detectors and digital signal processing electronics. The branching ratios to the first 2(+) excited state in Dy-140 were measured to be I-p(g.s.) (2(+)) = 0.9 +/- 0. 1% and I-p(m) (2(+)) = 1.7 +/- 0.5%. A comparison of the available calculations to the experimental values calls for further 'development of the theoretical models. C1 [Kamy, M.; Korgul, A.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kamy, M.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rykaczewski, K. P.; Grzywacz, R.; Bingham, C. R.; Gross, C. J.; Maier, K. H.; Shapira, D.; Yu, C. H.] ORNL, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bingham, C. R.; Simpson, D.; Tantawy, M. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liddick, S. N.] UNIRIB, Oak Ridge Assoc, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Krolas, W.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Piechaczek, A.; Zganjar, E. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Winger, J. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kamy, M (reprint author), Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 FU U.S.Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC05-060R23100, DE-FG02-96ER41006, DE-FD05-88ER40407, DOE-AC05-00OR22725]; UNIRIB consortium; Foundation for Polish Science FX This work was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy under contracts No.DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC05-060R23100, No.DE-FG02-96ER41006, No.DE-FD05-88ER40407, DOE-AC05-00OR22725 and the UNIRIB consortium. A.Korgul acknowledges the support from Foundation for Polish Science. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 22 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300003 ER PT S AU Liu, Z Seweryniak, D Woods, PJ Davids, CN Carpenter, M Davinson, T Janssens, RF Page, R Robinson, AP Shergur, J Sinhab, S Tang, XD Zhu, S AF Liu, Z. Seweryniak, D. Woods, P. J. Davids, C. N. Carpenter, My. Davinson, T. Janssens, Rn. F. Page, R. Robinson, A. P. Shergur, J. Sinhab, S. Tang, X. D. Zhu, S. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Proton radioactivity in La-117 and gamma-spectroscopy of La-117, Ba-117 and Lu-151 using RDT method SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE proton radioactivity; gamma-spectroscopy ID NUCLEI AB Proton radioactivity of La-117 was measured with much improved statistics, but no evidence is observed for the isomeric proton decay. Prompt gamma-rays were identified in proton emitters La-117, Lu-151, and beta-delayed proton precursor Ba-117 using recoil decay tagging method by coupling the Gammasphere Ge array at the target position with the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). C1 [Liu, Z.; Woods, P. J.; Davinson, T.; Robinson, A. P.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Liu, Z.] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Seweryniak, D.; Carpenter, My.; Janssens, Rn. F.; Sinhab, S.; Tang, X. D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Page, R.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Shergur, J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 21228 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300005 ER PT S AU Johansson, EK Rudolph, D Andersson, LL Torres, DA Carpenter, MP Charity, RJ Chiara, CJ Ekman, J Fahlander, C Hoel, C Pechenaya, OL Reviol, W Du Rietz, R Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Sobotka, LG Zhu, S AF Johansson, E. K. Rudolph, D. Andersson, L-L. Torres, D. A. Carpenter, M. P. Charity, R. J. Chiara, C. J. Ekman, J. Fahlander, C. Hoel, C. Pechenaya, O. L. Reviol, W. Du Rietz, R. Sarantites, D. G. Seweryniak, D. Sobotka, L. G. Zhu, S. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Prompt proton decay in the vicinity of Ni-56 SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE pixelized charged particle detector; decay by proton emission ID GAMMASPHERE; CU-58 AB A new decay mode, the so called prompt proton decay, was discovered in 1998. It has since proven to be an important decay mechanism for several neutron deficient nuclei in the A similar to 60 region. To measure with high accuracy the energies and angular distributions of these protons, a state-of-the-art charged particle detector - LuWuSiA - was developed. It was first utilized during a fusion-evaporation reaction experiment performed at Argonne National Laboratory, U.S.A. In this contribution, the characteristics of the prompt proton decay are discussed along with the special features of LuWuSiA as well as a revisit to the prompt proton decay in Cu-58. C1 [Johansson, E. K.; Rudolph, D.; Andersson, L-L.; Fahlander, C.; Du Rietz, R.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Torres, D. A.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. [Carpenter, M. P.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Charity, R. J.; Chiara, C. J.; Pechenaya, O. L.; Reviol, W.; Sarantites, D. G.; Sobotka, L. G.] Washington Univ, Chem Dept, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Ekman, J.] Malmo Hogskola, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. RP Johansson, EK (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Ekman, Jorgen/C-1385-2013; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Charity, Robert/0000-0003-3020-4998 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300006 ER PT S AU Pfutzner, A Miernik, K Dominik, W Janas, Z Grigorenko, L Bingham, CR Czyrkowski, H Cwiok, M Darby, IG Dabrowski, R Ginter, I Grzywacz, R Karny, M Korgul, A Kusmierz, W Liddick, SN Rajabali, M Rykaczewski, K Stolz, A AF Pfutzner, A. Miernik, K. Dominik, W. Janas, Z. Grigorenko, L. Bingham, C. R. Czyrkowski, H. Cwiok, M. Darby, I. G. Dabrowski, R. Ginter, I. Grzywacz, R. Karny, M. Korgul, A. Kusmierz, W. Liddick, S. N. Rajabali, M. Rykaczewski, K. Stolz, A. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Decay spectroscopy of Fe-45 SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE proton emission; gas-filled counters ID NUCLEI; GSI AB In an experiment performed at the NSCL/MSU A1900 separator the decay of Fe-45 was investigated in detail, Two-proton radioactivity channel was clearly identified and for the first time the correlations between two protons emitted from the nuclear ground state were determined. The comparison with a theoretical model indicates the genuine three-body character of this decay and sheds light on the shell structure of this exotic nucleus. The 0 decay channels of Fe-45, followed by one-, two-, and three-proton emission, were also identified. The beta 3p decay channel was observed for the first time. The half-life of Fe-45 was found to be 2.6 +/- 0.2 ms and the 2p decay branching ratio is 70 +/- 4 %. In the experiment a new type of gaseous detector has been applied in which a technique of digital imaging was used to record tracks of charged particles. C1 [Pfutzner, A.; Miernik, K.; Dominik, W.; Janas, Z.; Czyrkowski, H.; Cwiok, M.; Dabrowski, R.; Karny, M.; Korgul, A.; Kusmierz, W.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Grigorenko, L.] Joint Inst Nuclear Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bingham, C. R.; Grzywacz, R.; Liddick, S. N.; Rajabali, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ginter, I.; Stolz, A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Grzywacz, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pfutzner, A (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. FU Polish Committee of Scientific Research [KBN 2 P03B 036 15]; IN2P3; NSF [PHY-00-70911]; Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine; EC [HPRI-CT-1999-50017]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Poland FX This work was supported in part by the Polish Committee of Scientific Research under grant KBN 2 P03B 036 15, the contract between IN2P3 and Poland, the NSF grant PHY-00-70911, by the Conseil Regional dAquitaine, by the EC under contract HPRI-CT-1999-50017 and by the U.S. DOE through contract DE-FG02-96ER40983 (University of Tennessee). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 81 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300012 ER PT S AU Liddick, SN Grzywacz, R Mazzocchi, C Page, RD Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Darby, IG Goodin, C Gross, CJ Hamilton, JH Hwang, JK Ilyushkin, S Joss, DT Korgul, A Krolas, W Lagergren, K Li, K Tantawy, MN Thomson, J Winger, JA AF Liddick, S. N. Grzywacz, R. Mazzocchi, C. Page, R. D. Rykaczewski, K. P. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Darby, I. G. Goodin, C. Gross, C. J. Hamilton, J. H. Hwang, J. K. Ilyushkin, S. Joss, D. T. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Lagergren, K. Li, K. Tantawy, M. N. Thomson, J. Winger, J. A. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Discovery of the Xe-109 -> Te-105 -> Sn-101 alpha decay chain SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE alpha decay ID RADIOACTIVITY AB The alpha decay chain Xe-109 -> Te-105 -> Sn-101 was first identified at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Recent developments in digital electronics enabled the detection of both alpha decays despite the short half-life of Te-105. The development of the software algorithm responsible for extracting the double-alpha events from the experimental data is ongoing. The possibility of using the derivative of the double-alpha pulse to selectively identify double alpha pulses shows promise and is being developed. C1 [Liddick, S. N.; Grzywacz, R.; Mazzocchi, C.; Bingham, C. R.; Darby, I. G.; Tantawy, M. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Rykaczewski, K. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mazzocchi, C.] Univ Milan & INFN, IFGA, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Liddick, SN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 FU UNIRIB consortium; US DOE [DE-AC05-060R23100, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-96ER-41006, DE-FG05-88ER40407]; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; abd the Foundation for Polish Science FX This work was supported in part by the UNIRIB consortium and under US DOE grants DE-AC05-060R23100 (ORAU), DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UT) DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-96ER-41006 (MississippiSU), DE-FG05-88ER40407 (Vanderbilt), the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, abd the Foundation for Polish Science. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300019 ER PT S AU Seweryniak, D AF Seweryniak, Dariusz BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI "Extreme" gamma-ray spectroscopy: single-neutron states in (101)Sn and rotation of the proton emitter (145)Tm SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; proton decay; shell model; particle-rotor model ID DECAY AB In-beam gamma-ray studies of nuclei with a large proton excess are faced with ever decreasing cross sections and large backgrounds due to strong less exotic reaction channels. However, many of the nuclei along the proton drip line alpha decay, proton decay or emit beta-delayed particles. This offers a very selective tag for prompt gamma rays and has been known as the Recoil-Decay Tagging (RDT) method. RDT has been extensively used with the Gammasphere array of Compton suppressed Ge detectors coupled with the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer. Recently, despite a very small cross section of about 50 nb and a long half life of similar to 2s, protons emitted following the beta decay of (101)Sn were used to identify gamma-ray transitions in (101)Sn. As a result, the energy splitting between the neutron g(7/2) and d(5/2) orbitals outside the (100)Sn core was deduced. The structure of light Sri isotopes is discussed in the framework of the shell model in light of the new results. Another state-of-the-art example is the observation of a rotational ground-state band in the fast proton emitter (145)Tm, which decays with a half live of only similar to 3 mu s. In this experiment, coincidences between the proton decay to the 2(+) excited state in the daughter nucleus and the 2(+)-> 0(+) gamma-ray transition were also measured, which constitutes the first direct proof of proton decay fine structure. Based on the data the possibility of a triaxial shape in (145)Tm is considered. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seweryniak, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300023 ER PT S AU Korgul, A Rykaczewski, KP Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Liddick, SN Mazzocchi, C Batchelder, JC Bingham, C Goodin, C Hamilton, JH Hwang, JK Ilyushkin, SV Krolas, W Winger, JA AF Korgul, A. Rykaczewski, K. P. Gross, C. J. Grzywacz, R. Liddick, S. N. Mazzocchi, C. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. Goodin, C. Hamilton, J. H. Hwang, J. K. Ilyushkin, S. V. Krolas, W. Winger, J. A. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Studies of the excitation functions near Sn-100 SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana DE alpha decay; proton decay; fusion-evaporation reactions ID BETA-DECAY; RADIOACTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CS-113; AG-94 AB Production of nuclei above Sn-100 in fusion-evaporation reactions between Ni-58 beam and Fe-54 target was investigated. Reaction products were studied at Oak Ridge by means of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer and charged particle detection. The yields for the 2n, pn, 3n, p2n, 2pn, p3n and 2p2n fusion-evaporation channels were measured. These experimental results were used to verify the predictions of the statistical model code HIVAR The optimum energy for the Fe-54(Ni-58, 4n)Xe-108 reaction allowing detection of the 108Xe -Te-104 -Sn-100 alpha decay chain is deduced as 240 MeV. C1 [Korgul, A.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Korgul, A.; Winger, J. A.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rykaczewski, K. P.; Gross, C. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Liddick, S. N.; Mazzocchi, C.; Bingham, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mazzocchi, C.] Univ Milan, INFN, IFGA, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Batchelder, J. C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goodin, C.; Hamilton, J. H.; Hwang, J. K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Ilyushkin, S. V.; Winger, J. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Krolas, W.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Korgul, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 FU US DOE [DE-AC05-060R23100, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DEFG0296ER-41006, DE-FG05-88ER40407,]; UNIRIB consortium; Foundation for Polish Science FX This work was supported in part by the US DOE under Grants No. DE-AC05-060R23100, No. DE-FG02-96ER40983, No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, No. DEFG0296ER-41006, No. DE-FG05-88ER40407, the UNIRIB consortium and the Foundation for Polish Science. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 163 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300025 ER PT S AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, K. E. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Proton-rich nuclei in nuclear astrophysics SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana ID X-RAY-BURSTS; RP-PROCESS; NEUTRON-STAR; ELEMENTS; BREAKUP; POINT AB The stable isotopes which we observe on Earth are to a large extent, produced in nature via a 'detour' through unstable nuclei. The reaction path leading through proton-rich nuclei is the so-called rapid proton capture process, where, starting from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen through successive capture or protons and alphas, followed by beta decays, nuclei up to the mass 100 region can be produced. In order to understand the reaction paths and the conditions at various astrophysical sites (e.g. Novae and X-ray bursts) cross sections, masses and half-lives of unstable nuclei have to be measured. In this contribution recent results involving proton-rich nuclei are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 228 EP 237 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300036 ER PT S AU Batchelder, JC Tantawy, MN Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, KP Kr'olas, W Danchev, M Fong, D Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Hagino, K Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Karny, M Li, K Mazzocchi, C Piechaczek, A Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Stolz, A Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Batchelder, J. C. Tantawy, M. N. Bingham, C. R. Rykaczewski, K. P. Kr'olas, W. Danchev, M. Fong, D. Ginter, T. N. Gross, C. J. Grzywacz, R. Hagino, K. Hamilton, J. H. Hartley, D. J. Karny, M. Li, K. Mazzocchi, C. Piechaczek, A. Ramayya, A. V. Rykaczewski, K. Shapira, D. Stolz, A. Winger, J. A. Yu, C. -H. Zganjar, E. F. BE Ferreira, LS Arumugam, P TI Decay properties of N=77 odd-Z isotones SO PROTON EMITTING NUCLEI AND RELATED TOPICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Proton Emitting Nuclei and Related Topics CY JUN 17-23, 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Ciencia & Tecnol, Minist Ciencia & Tecnol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenklan, Fundacao Luso Americana ID TM-146; NUCLEI AB The systematics of the pi h(11/2)circle times nu h(11/2) and pi h(11/2)circle times nu s(1/2) isomeric configurations were studied for the odd-Z N=77 isotones near the proton dripline. The spin and parity of I-pi = 8(+) and 5(-) were deduced for the isomers in (140)'Eu and Tb-142. No evidence for the expected 1(+) ground-state was found in the Ho-144 decay data. The proton emission from Tm-146 was restudied and the spin and parity values of I-pi = 10(+) and 5(-) were established for Tm-146 and Tm-146gs, respectively. The interpretation of the observed decay properties and structure of the proton-emitting states was made by accounting for deformation and proton and neutron coupling to the core excitations. C1 [Batchelder, J. C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-060R23100, DE-FG02-96ER40983]; University of Tennessee [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG05-88ER40407]; Vanderbilt University [DE-FG02-96ER40978]; Louisiana State University [DE-FG02-96ER41006]; Mississippi State University FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC05-060R23100 (UNIRIB), DE-FG02-96ER40983 (University of Tennessee), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG05-88ER40407 (Vanderbilt University), DE-FG02-96ER40978 (Louisiana State University), and DE-FG02-96ER41006 (Mississippi State University). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0475-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 961 BP 291 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BHD21 UT WOS:000252267300046 ER PT S AU Roser, T AF Roser, Thomas BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Polarized proton acceleration in AGS and RHIC SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized beams ID SPIN; BEAM AB As the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent superconducting rings RHIC has operated with a wide range of beam energies and particle species including polarized proton beams. The acceleration of polarized beams in both the injector and the collider rings is complicated by numerous depolarizing spin resonances. Partial and full Siberian snakes have made it possible to overcome the depolarization and beam polarizations of up to 65% have been reached at 100 GeV in RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Roser, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500002 ER PT S AU Makdisi, YI AF Makdisi, Yousef I. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Measuring the proton beam polarization from the source to RHIC SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized protons; polarimeters; gas jet target ID PP ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER; ASYMMETRIES; REGION AB Polarimeters are necessary tools for measuring the beam polarization during the acceleration process as well as a yardstick for performing spin physics experiments. In what follows, I will describe the principles of measuring the proton beam polarization and the techniques that are employed at various energies. I will present a tour of the polarimetry employed at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion collider (RHIC) polarized proton complex as it spans the full spectrum from the source to collider energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Makdisi, YI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500006 ER PT S AU Poelker, M Adderley, P Brittian, J Clark, J Grames, J Hansknecht, J McCarter, J Stutzman, ML Suleiman, R Surles-Law, K AF Poelker, M. Adderley, P. Brittian, J. Clark, J. Grames, J. Hansknecht, J. McCarter, J. Stutzman, M. L. Suleiman, R. Surles-Law, K. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI High intensity polarized electron sources SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE electron sources; polarized beams AB During the 1990s, at numerous facilities world wide, extensive R&D devoted to constructing reliable GaAs photoguns helped ensure successful accelerator-based nuclear and high-energy physics programs using spin polarized electron beams. Today, polarized electron source technology is considered mature, with most GaAs photoguns meeting accelerator and experiment beam specifications in a relatively trouble-free manner. Proposals for new collider facilities however, require electron beams with parameters beyond today's state-of-the-art and serve to renew interest in conducting polarized electron source R&D. And at CEBAF/Jefferson Lab, there is an immediate pressing need to prepare for new experiments that require considerably more beam current than before. One experiment in particular - Q-weak, a parity violation experiment that will look for physics beyond the Standard Model - requires 180uA average current at polarization > 80% for a duration of one year, with run-averaged helicity correlated current asymmetry less than 0.1 ppm. Neighboring halls will continue taking beam during Q-weak, pushing the total average beam current from the gun beyond 300uA. This workshop contribution describes R&D at Jefferson Lab, dedicated toward extending the operating current of polarized electron sources to meet the requirements of high current experiments at CEBAF and to better appreciate the technological challenges of new accelerators, particularly high average current machines like eRHIC that require at least 25mA at high polarization. C1 [Poelker, M.; Adderley, P.; Brittian, J.; Clark, J.; Grames, J.; Hansknecht, J.; McCarter, J.; Stutzman, M. L.; Suleiman, R.; Surles-Law, K.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Poelker, M (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500007 ER PT S AU Grames, J Adderley, P Brittian, J Clark, J Hansknecht, J Machie, D Poelker, M Pozdeyev, E Stutzman, M Surles-Law, K AF Grames, J. Adderley, P. Brittian, J. Clark, J. Hansknecht, J. Machie, D. Poelker, M. Pozdeyev, E. Stutzman, M. Surles-Law, K. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI A biased anode to suppress ion back-bombardment in a DC high voltage photoelectron gun SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE electron source; photocathode AB Ion back-bombardment is the dominant mechanism that limits the operating lifetime of DC high voltage GaAs photoelectron guns. In this work, an electrically isolated anode electrode was used to distinguish the QE damage contributions of ions produced within the cathode/anode gap and those produced downstream of the anode. This new anode design provides a means to suppress QE decay due to ionized gas in the beam line. C1 [Grames, J.; Adderley, P.; Brittian, J.; Clark, J.; Hansknecht, J.; Machie, D.; Poelker, M.; Stutzman, M.; Surles-Law, K.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Pozdeyev, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grames, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX The authors would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Charles Sinclair and contributions by Jonathan Dumas. This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 110 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500012 ER PT S AU Kewisch, J Ben-Zvi, I Rao, T Burrill, A Pate, D Grover, R Todd, R Bluem, H Holmes, D Schultheiss, T AF Kewisch, Jorg Ben-Zvi, Ilan Rao, Triveni Burrill, Andrew Pate, David Grover, Ranjan Todd, Rob Bluem, Hans Holmes, Doug Schultheiss, Tom BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI The polarized SRF gun experiment SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized electron beam superconducting AB RF electron guns are capable of producing electron bunches with high brightness, which outperform DC electron guns and may even be able to provide electron beams for the ILC without the need for a damping ring. However, all successful existing guns for polarized electrons are DC guns because the environment inside an RF gun is hostile to the GaAs cathode material necessary for polarization. While the typical vacuum pressure in a DC gun is better than 10(-11) torr the vacuum in an RF gun is in the order of 10(-9) torr. Experiments at BINP Novosibirsk show that this leads to strong ion back-bombardment and generation of dark currents, which destroy the GaAs cathode in a short time. The situation might be much more favorable in a (super-conducting) SRF gun. The cryogenic pumping of the gun cavity walls may make it possible to maintain a vacuum close to 10(-12) torr, solving the problem of ion bombardment and dark currents. Of concern would be contamination of the gun cavity by evaporating cathode material. This report describes an experiment that Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in collaboration with Advanced Energy Systems (AES) is conducting to answer these questions. C1 [Kewisch, Jorg; Ben-Zvi, Ilan; Rao, Triveni; Burrill, Andrew; Pate, David; Grover, Ranjan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Todd, Rob; Bluem, Hans; Holmes, Doug; Schultheiss, Tom] Adv Energy Syst, Medford, NY 11763 USA. RP Kewisch, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 118 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500013 ER PT S AU Gerchikov, LG Aulenbacher, K Clendenin, JE Kuz'michev, VV Mamaev, YA Maruyama, T Mikhrin, VS Roberts, JS Ustinov, VM Vasiliev, DA Vasiliev, AP Yashin, YP Zhukov, AE AF Gerchikov, L. G. Aulenbacher, K. Clendenin, J. E. Kuz'michev, V. V. Mamaev, Yu. A. Maruyama, T. Mikhrin, V. S. Roberts, J. S. Ustinov, V. M. Vasiliev, D. A. Vasiliev, A. P. Yashin, Yu. P. Zhukov, A. E. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Highly effective polarized electron sources based on strained semiconductor superlattice with distributed Bragg reflector SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE quantum efficiency; Fabry-Perot resonator; superlattice AB Resonance enhancement of the quantum efficiency of new polarized electron photocathodes based on a short-period strained superlattice structures is reported. The superlattice is a part of an integrated Fabry-Perot optical cavity. We demonstrate that the Fabry-Perot resonator enhances the quantum efficiency by the order of magnitude in the wavelength region of the main polarization maximum. The high structural quality implied by these results points to the very promising application of these photocathodes for spin-polarized electron sources. C1 [Gerchikov, L. G.; Kuz'michev, V. V.; Mamaev, Yu. A.; Vasiliev, D. A.; Yashin, Yu. P.] St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Aulenbacher, K.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Phys, Mainz, Germany. [Clendenin, J. E.; Maruyama, T.; Roberts, J. S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. [Mikhrin, V. S.; Ustinov, V. M.; Vasiliev, A. P.; Zhukov, A. E.] RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Roberts, J. S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Gerchikov, LG (reprint author), St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718 FU Russian Ministry of Education and Science [N.P. 2.1.1.2215]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE- AC02-76SF00515]; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSF IB7420- 111116] FX This work was supported by Russian Ministry of Education and Science under grant N.P. 2.1.1.2215 in the frames of a program "Development of the High School scientific potential," the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE- AC02-76SF00515 and Swiss National Science Foundation under grant SNSF IB7420- 111116 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 124 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500014 ER PT S AU Clendenin, JE AF Clendenin, J. E. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Summary of polarized e(-)/e(+) source presentations SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE electron sources; positron sources; polarized beams AB The development of polarized electron sources in the 1970s capable of generating beams for injection into electron accelerators has been a major enabling factor for spin physics with electrons during the past quarter century. These sources continue to be refined for higher polarization and better operability. Recent developments were presented at this workshop in both plenary sessions and in 2 separate parallel sessions. The ILC plans to utilize not only a polarized electron source but also a polarized positron source. The current state of two types of positron sources were presented. This paper is a brief summary of all of these presentations. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500015 ER PT S AU MacKay, WW AF MacKay, W. W. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Prospects for acceleration of deuterons and helions SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized ion beams; RHIC; deuteron; helion; proton; spin; polarization ID ELECTRON AB In order to study the spin structure of the neutron at high energy, abeam rich in polarized neutrons needs to be developed. The neutron has no charge and cannot be accelerated, so either deuterons or helions must be considered. When it comes to spin manipulation and stability of the polarization in a circular accelerator, it is the anomalous part of the magnetic moment which is important. If the anomaly is too small, then manipulation becomes difficult as in the case of deuterons - spin rotators and Siberian snakes become ineffective. He-3 nuclei appear to be the easiest choice for a polarized neutron beam. In this paper I discuss the prospects for both helions and deuterons as polarized beams in RHIC or in an electron-ion collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP MacKay, WW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500023 ER PT S AU Zelenski, A Kokhanovski, S Kponou, A Ritter, J Zubets, V AF Zelenski, A. Kokhanovski, S. Kponou, A. Ritter, J. Zubets, V. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI The RHIC optically-pumped polarized H- ion source SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized ion sources ID OPTIMIZATION AB The depolarization factors in the multi-step spin-transfer polarization technique and basic limitations on maximum polarization in the OPPIS (Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source) are discussed. Detailed studies of polarization losses in the RHIC OPPIS and the source parameters optimization resulted in the OPPIS polarization increase to 86-90%. This contributed to increasing polarization in the AGS and RHIC to 65 similar to 70%. C1 [Zelenski, A.; Kokhanovski, S.; Kponou, A.; Ritter, J.; Zubets, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11967 USA. RP Zelenski, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11967 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500026 ER PT S AU Kponou, A Zelenski, A Kokhanovski, S Zubets, V AF Kponou, A. Zelenski, A. Kokhanovski, S. Zubets, V. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Sona Transition studies in the RHIC OPPIS SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE Optically Pumped Polarized Ion Source; Sona Transition AB In Optically Pumped Polarized Ion Sources (OPPIS), the atomic beam is first electron polarized, and then this polarization is transferred to the nucleus by a suitable perturbing magnetic field. In the BNL OPPIS, the electron polarized atomic beam experiences the perturbing field when it traverses a region where the axial magnetic field reverses direction in a controlled manner - strength and gradient. This is the so-called Sona Transition region, named after P. G. Sona, who first suggested the technique. We have extensively studied how the magnetic field profile in the Sona region affects beam polarization. In these studies, we have observed oscillations in polarization for certain field profiles, and tried explain them. We report on these studies. C1 [Kponou, A.; Zelenski, A.; Kokhanovski, S.; Zubets, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kponou, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500028 ER PT S AU Pikin, A Zelenski, A Kponou, A Alessi, J Beebe, E Prelec, K Raparia, D AF Pikin, A. Zelenski, A. Kponou, A. Alessi, J. Beebe, E. Prelec, K. Raparia, D. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Ionization of polarized He-3(+) ions in EBIS trap with slanted electrostatic mirror SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized He-3; electron beam ion source ID EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTS; INJECTION AB Methods of producing the nuclear polarized He-3(+) ions and their ionization to He-3(+) in ion trap of the electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) are discussed. Computer simulations show that injection and accumulation of He-3(+) ions in the EBIS trap with slanted electrostatic mirror can be very effective for injection times longer than the ion traversal time through the trap. C1 [Pikin, A.; Zelenski, A.; Kponou, A.; Alessi, J.; Beebe, E.; Prelec, K.; Raparia, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pikin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500029 ER PT S AU Zhao, JK AF Zhao, J. K. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Neutron scattering application of polarized solid target in materials research SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized target; neutron scattering; neutron diffraction ID SUBUNIT AB Neutron scattering is one of the most important tools for materials research. However, neutrons are very expensive to produce. Even with the best sources, such as the newly completed Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, most neutron scattering experiments are still flux limited. One way to improve the experimental data is polarized neutron scattering from polarized solid target: the strong spin-dependent neutron scattering cross-section can increase the coherent scattering and decrease the incoherent scattering at the same time, thereby significantly enhancing the signal to noise ratio. Hydrogen, abundant in most soft condensed matters, has a strong spin-dependent scattering cross-section. Early applications of polarized neutron scattering in biological soft condensed matters [1] have already demonstrated the huge potential of this technique [2]. Here we describe the polarized target program at the SNS. The program is under active construction and is aimed at serving neutron scattering at the SNS. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhao, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500038 ER PT S AU Thorn, C Caracappa, A AF Thorn, Craig Caracappa, Anthony BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI Precision HD polarimetry with the LEGS crossed-coil NMR polarimeter SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarized nuclear target; NMR; HD nuclear polarization ID POLARIZATION MEASUREMENT; TARGETS AB We have developed a precision NMR polarimeter to observe the proton and deuteron polarization of a frozen spin HD target used in photoproduction experiments at the LEGS facility. This polarimeter uses a pair of magnetically orthogonal ("crossed") RF coils to reduce the signal to very small levels in the absence of polarization of the sample. This reduces the thermal noise in the total signal with polarization, which improves the statistical precision of the polarization determination. Care has been taken in the design of the instrument to reduce non-thermal sources of noise, with the result that a fractional polarization uncertainty of 4% can be maintained over the lifetime of the targets, which has been as long as 19 months. The non-ideal response of the NMR circuit makes a negligible contribution to this uncertainty. C1 [Thorn, Craig; Caracappa, Anthony] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thorn, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500048 ER PT S AU Trueman, TL AF Trueman, T. L. BE Kponou, A Makdisi, Y Zelenski, A TI CNI polarimetry with He-3 SO PSTP 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry (PSTP 2007) CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY SP Int Spin Phys Comm, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr HO Brookhaven Natl Lab DE polarimetry AB By making use of previous analysis of CNI for pp and pC scattering, the spin-flip factor for np scattering is determined as a function of energy and then used to calculate the p(3)He asymmetry A(N)(s)' arising in p(3)He elastic scattering. It is found to be comparable to A(N)(s) for pp scattering, but of the opposite sign. It seems that this method could be a practical for measuring the polarization of a He-3 beam. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Trueman, TL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0499-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 980 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHJ52 UT WOS:000253568500049 ER PT S AU Mannarelli, M Rajagopal, K Sharma, R AF Mannarelli, Massimo Rajagopal, Krishna Sharma, Rishi BE Colangelo, P Creanza, D DeFazio, F Fini, RA Nappi, E Nardulli, G TI The strength of crystalline color superconductors SO QCD AT WORK 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics Theory and Experiment CY JUN 11-20, 2007 CL Martina Franca, ITALY SP Univ & Res, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Italian Minist Educ DE quark matter; neutron stars; color superconductor ID FREE PRECESSION; QCD; PULSAR; PHASE; FIELD AB We present a study of the shear modulus of the crystalline color superconducting phase of quark matter, showing that this phase of dense, but not asymptotically dense, quark matter responds to shear stress as a very rigid solid. This phase is characterized by a gap parameter A that is periodically modulated in space and therefore spontaneously breaks translational invariance. We derive the effective action for the phonon fields that describe space- and time-dependent fluctuations of the crystal structure formed by A, and obtain the shear modulus from the coefficients of the spatial derivative terms. Within a Ginzburg-Landau approximation, we find shear moduli which are 20 to 1000 times larger than those of neutron star crusts. Ibis phase of matter is thus more rigid than any known material in the universe, but at the same time the crystalline color superconducting phase is also superfluid. These properties raise the possibility that the presence of this phase within neutron stars may have distinct implications for their phenomenology. For example, (some) pulsar glitches may originate in crystalline superconducting neutron star cores. C1 [Mannarelli, Massimo] CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Rajagopal, Krishna] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sharma, Rishi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mannarelli, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. FU Office of Nuclear Physics of the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-94ER40818]; LANS; LLC for NNSA of DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The work of MM has been supported by the Bruno Rossi" fellowship program. This research was supported in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics of the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE under grants #DE-AC02-05CH11231 and #DE-FG02-94ER40818 and LANS, LLC for the NNSA of the DOE under contract #DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0480-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 964 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BHA46 UT WOS:000251906500040 ER PT S AU Berman, GP Chumak, AA AF Berman, Gennady P. Chumak, Aleksandr A. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Quantum effects of a partially coherent beam propagating through the atmosphere - art. no. 6710oM SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging V CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE turbulence; partial coherence; photon distribution function; fluctuation of light ID TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; MEDIA; FLUCTUATIONS AB The photon density operator function is used to describe the propagation of single-photon pulses through a turbulent atmosphere. The effects of statistical properties of photon source and the effects of a random phase screen on the variance of photon counting are studied. A procedure for reducing the total noise is discussed. The physical mechanisms responsible for this reduction are explained. C1 [Berman, Gennady P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Deputy Grp Leader, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Deputy Grp Leader, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6858-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6710 BP OM710 EP OM710 DI 10.1117/12.732641 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHC13 UT WOS:000252148000015 ER PT S AU Hiskett, PA Peterson, CG Rosenberg, D Nam, S Lita, AE Miller, AJ Hughes, RJ Nordholt, JE AF Hiskett, P. A. Peterson, C. G. Rosenberg, D. Nam, S. Lita, A. E. Miller, A. J. Hughes, R. J. Nordholt, J. E. BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI A novel switched interferometric quantum key distribution system - art. no. 67100S SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging V CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum communication; phase shifting interferometry; fiber networks ID PHOTODIODES; PERFORMANCE; FIBER AB A novel system for ultra-long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fiber, incorporating ultra-low-noise transition-edge sensor (TES) photodetectors, is described. Integration of the TES detectors into the system was facilitated with a unique optically switched interferometer design. The performance of the system over 101 km of dark, single-mode fiber at 1550 nm and a clock rate of 1 MHz is described. Secret-key bits were produced after error correction and privacy amplification when using mean photon numbers of 0.01, 0.0148, 0.02, 0.0304, and 0.2 photons/pulse at the output of the transmitter. At a mean photon number of 0.1 photons per pulse at the transmitter, a transmission line loss of 29.92 dB, roughly equivalent to 150 km of optical fiber, could be tolerated and secret bits extracted from the transmitted key. C1 [Hiskett, P. A.; Peterson, C. G.; Rosenberg, D.; Hughes, R. J.; Nordholt, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hiskett, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6858-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6710 BP S7100 EP S7100 DI 10.1117/12.733265 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BHC13 UT WOS:000252148000021 ER PT B AU Chen, G Church, DA Englert, BG Henkel, C Rohwedder, B Scully, MO Zubairy, MS AF Chen, Goong Church, David A. Englert, Berthold-Georg Henkel, Carsten Rohwedder, Bernd Scully, Marlan O. Zubairy, M. Suhail BA Chen, G Church, DA Englert, BG Henkel, C Rohwedder, B Scully, MO Zubairy, MS BF Chen, G Church, DA Englert, BG Henkel, C Rohwedder, B Scully, MO Zubairy, MS TI QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES PRINCIPLES, DESIGNS, AND ANALYSIS Preface SO QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES: PRINCIPLES, DESIGNS, AND ANALYSIS SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Science Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Chen, Goong] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chen, Goong; Zubairy, M. Suhail] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Church, David A.; Scully, Marlan O.; Zubairy, M. Suhail] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Henkel, Carsten] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Rohwedder, Bernd] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Quantum Opt Grp, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Chen, Goong] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Chen, Goong] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Church, David A.] Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Church, David A.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Zubairy, M. Suhail] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Church, David A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Church, David A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Church, David A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Church, David A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Church, David A.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Church, David A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Church, David A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Church, David A.] NIST Gaithersberg, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Church, David A.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Univ Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Rohwedder, Bernd] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Englert, Berthold-Georg] Quantum Opt Inst, Garching, Germany. [Scully, Marlan O.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zubairy, M. Suhail] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Zubairy, M. Suhail] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Elect, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-58488-681-5 J9 CH CRC APPL MATH NON PY 2007 VL 6 BP XV EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mathematics; Physics GA BKA38 UT WOS:000267587300001 ER PT B AU Zurek, WH AF Zurek, Wojciech Hubert BE Duplantier, B Raimond, JM Rivasseau, V TI Decoherence and the transition from quantum to classical - Revisited SO QUANTUM DECOHERENCE: POINCARE SEMINAR 2005 SE Progress in Mathematical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Poincare Seminar 2005 CY APR, 2005 CL Inst Henri Poincare, Paris, FRANCE HO Inst Henri Poincare ID ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED DECOHERENCE; RELATIVE STATE FORMULATION; BROWNIAN-MOTION; WAVE-PACKET; ATOM INTERFEROMETER; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM; ENTROPY PRODUCTION; POINTER STATES; MECHANICS; CHAOS AB The environment surrounding a quantum system can, in effect, monitor some of the systems observables. As a result, the eigenstates of these observables continuously decohere and can behave like classical states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Mail Stop B288,LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM whzurek@gmail.com NR 81 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 3-7643-7807-7 J9 PROG MATH PHYS PY 2007 VL 48 BP 1 EP 31 PG 31 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BFO79 UT WOS:000243504400001 ER PT S AU Qiu, HW AF Qiu, Han-Wei BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI QCD Factorization for heavy quarkonium production at collider energies SO Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE heavy quarkonium; factorization ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; J-PSI; GLUON PLASMA; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRONIC PRODUCTION; J/PSI; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; SUPPRESSION; FLAVORS AB In this talk, I briefly review several models of the heavy quarkonium production at collider energies, and discuss the status of QCD factorization for these production models. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qiu, HW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000013 ER PT S AU Bentz, W Cloet, IC Thomas, AW AF Bentz, W. Cloet, I. C. Thomas, A. W. BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI The polarized EMC effect SO Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE spin-dependence; medium modifications; structure functions ID SCATTERING AB We calculate both the spin independent and spin dependent nuclear structure functions in an effective quark theory. The nucleon is described as a composite quark-diquark state, and the nucleus is treated in the mean field approximation. We predict a sizable polarized EMC effect, which could be confirmed in future experiments. C1 Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 25912, Japan. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bentz, W (reprint author), Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 25912, Japan. OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 248 EP 250 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000047 ER PT S AU Bodwin, GT Kang, DY Kim, TW Lee, JN Chaehyun, Y AF Bodwin, Geoffrey T. Kang, Daekyoung Kim, Taewon Lee, Jungil Chaehyun, Yu BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI Relativistic corrections to e(+)e(-) -> J/psi+eta(c) in a potential model SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM VII SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores ID ROOT-S=10.6 GEV; ANNIHILATION AB We compute relativistic corrections to the process e(+)e(-) -> J/psi + eta(c) and find that they resolve the discrepancy between theory and experiment. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Bodwin, GT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 315 EP 317 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000066 ER PT S AU Stelzer, J AF Stelzer, Jorg BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI The decay constant f(Ds) and other form factor measurements from BABAR SO Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE form factors; fDs AB Since its start in 1999 the RABAR experiment has collected a vast amount of data, opening the doors for high precision measurements of decay constants and of semileptonic decay form-factors of heavy-light mesons, B and D. In this article a number of such measurements is presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Stelzer, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 61, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000079 ER PT S AU David, G AF David, G. BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI Electromagnetic probes at RHIC: The present and the future SO Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE direct photon; dielectron; quark-gluon plasma; relativistic heavy ion collisions ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; COLLISIONS AB In this paper we briefly review the importance of electromagnetic probes in understanding the evolution of the system and the new form of matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. We highlight two very important recent results. While progress has been impressive both on theoretical and experimental side, many questions remain unanswered and new ones were raised. They can be grouped in two major categories: where and how does the phase transition occur and what physical processes give the new matter its observed properties? In parallel with completing the upgrades of the two major RHIC detectors the accelerator is planning to increase its luminosity by a factor of 10 over current values (which is already a significantly above design). This project is called RHIC-II; and it will open the possibility of a detailed energy and species scan going as low as AGS energies if needed to map out the QCD phase transition as well as to access rare probes that so far eluded observation due to limited statistics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP David, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000085 ER PT S AU Leitch, MJ AF Leitch, M. J. BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI Overview of charm physics at RHIC SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM VII SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE quarkonia; gluon saturation; quark gluon plasma ID J/PSI SUPPRESSION; GLUON DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEI; QUARKONIUM; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; DECAYS AB Heavy-quark production provides a sensitive probe of the gluon structure of nucleons and its modication in nuclei. It is also a key probe of the hot-dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions. We will discuss the physics issues involved, as seen in quarkonia and open heavy-quark production, starting with those observed in proton-proton collisions. Then cold nuclear matter effects on heavy-quark production including shadowing, gluon saturation, energy loss and absorption will be reviewed in the context of recent proton-nucleus and deuteron-nucleus measurements. Next we survey the most recent measurements of open-charm and J/psi s in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and their interpretation. We discuss the high-(PT) suppression and flow of open charm in terms of energy loss and thermalization and, for J/psi, contrast explanations in terms of screening in a deconfined medium vs. recombination models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Leitch, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM leitch@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 404 EP 409 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000091 ER PT S AU Steiner, AW AF Steiner, Andrew W. BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI Strange quark star crusts SO Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE strange quark stars; quark matter; strange crusts ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON-STARS; MATTER AB If strange quark matter is absolutely stable, some neutron stars may be strange quark stars. Strange quark stars are usually assumed to have a simple liquid surface. We show that if the surface tension of droplets of quark matter in the vacuum is sufficiently small, droplets of quark matter on the surface of a strange quark star may form a solid crust on top of the strange quark star. This solid crust can significantly modify the predictions for the photon emission for the surface in an observable way. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Steiner, AW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Steiner, Andrew/0000-0003-2478-4017 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000117 ER PT S AU Gross, F Ramalho, G Pena, MT AF Gross, Franz Ramalho, G. Pena, M. T. BE Ribeiro, JEFT TI Nucleon and N-delta electromagnetic transition form factors SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM VII SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY SEP 02-07, 2006 CL Univ Azores, Ponta Delgada, PORTUGAL SP Fdn Sci & Technol, Reg Secretary Econ Azores, Guibenkian Fdn, Italian Inst Culture Lisbon HO Univ Azores DE baryon form factors; relativistic dynamics; electromagnetic transitions C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelarator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ctr Fis Teor & Particulas, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Phys, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Gross, F (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RI Pena, Teresa/M-4683-2013 OI Pena, Teresa/0000-0002-3529-2408 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0396-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 892 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BGA51 UT WOS:000245808000129 ER PT B AU Lee, CH Spriggs, W AF Lee, Cheryl Hill Spriggs, William BE Kim, M TI Racial disparities and business cycles Do racial wage gaps close in tight labor markets? SO RACE AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EARNINGS DIFFERENCES; WHITE MEN; BLACK; DISCRIMINATION; DIFFERENTIALS C1 [Lee, Cheryl Hill] Econ Res Serv USDA, Natl Urban Leagues Inst Opportun & Equal, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Cheryl Hill] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Spriggs, William] Howard Univ, Dept Econ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Spriggs, William] US Dept Commerce, Off Secretary Econ Affairs, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-96078-3 J9 ROUTL FRONT POLIT EC PY 2007 VL 90 BP 232 EP 249 PG 18 WC Economics; Ethnic Studies SC Business & Economics; Ethnic Studies GA BPD81 UT WOS:000278597200010 ER PT S AU Bickel, DL Sander, GJ AF Bickel, Douglas L. Sander, Grant J. BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Results from an X-band synthetic aperture radar collection in antarctica - art. no. 654704 SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE MiniSAR; X-band; antarctica AB In January, 2006, the New York Air National Guard requested that Sandia National Laboratories develop an X-band synthetic aperture radar to use for an experiment to detect crevasses in Antarctica. Sandia provided a MiniSAR radar that was modified to operate at X-band. Data was collected with this system in the Antarctic summer of 2006. The results from this data collection are presented in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bickel, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP 54704 EP 54704 AR 654704 DI 10.1117/12.720539 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500003 ER PT S AU Bickel, DL Doerry, AW AF Bickel, Douglas L. Doerry, Armin W. BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI A portfolio of products from the rapid terrain visualization interferometric SAR - art. no. 65470P SO Radar Sensor Technology XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE interferometric; SAR; images; real-time AB The Rapid Terrain Visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar was designed and built at Sandia National Laboratories as part of an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) to "demonstrate the technologies and infrastructure to meet the Army requirement for rapid generation of digital topographic data to support emerging crisis or contingencies". This sensor was built by Sandia National Laboratories for the Joint Programs Sustainment and Development (JPSD) Project Office to provide highly accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) for military and civilian customers, both inside and outside of the United States. The sensor achieved better than HRTe Level IV position accuracy in near real-time. The system was flown on a deHavilland DHC-7 Army aircraft. This paper presents a collection of images and data products from the Rapid Terrain Visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar. The imagery includes orthorectified images and DEMs from the RTV interferometric SAR radar. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bickel, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6547 BP P5470 EP P5470 AR 65470P DI 10.1117/12.720531 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500023 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW AF Doerry, A. W. BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Generating precision nonlinear FM chirp waveforms SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE SAR; radar; nonlinear; chirp; waveform ID DESIGN AB It is well-known that Non-Linear FM (NLFM) chirp modulation can advantageously shape the transmitted signal's Power Spectral Density such that the autocorrelation function (i.e. matched filter output) exhibits substantially reduced sidelobes from its Linear FM (LFM) counterpart. Consequently, no additional filtering is required and maximum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) performance is preserved. This yields a 1-2 dB advantage in SNR over the output of a LFM waveform with equivalent sidelobe filtering. However precision NLFM chirps are more difficult to design, produce, and process. This paper presents design and implementation techniques for Nonlinear FM waveforms. A simple iterative design procedure is presented that yields a NLFM phase/frequency function with the desired inherent sidelobe response. We propose to then generate the NLFM waveform by using a cascaded integrator/accumulator structure. Several specific architectures are examined to meet target performance criteria, including bandwidth constraints and sidelobe reduction C coals. We first examine a fixed parameter set to generate a fixed polynomial phase function. Polynomial coefficients are selected to be constant during the pulse. Alternatively, a NLFM waveform can be generated via integrating a stepped parameter set, whereby parameters are constant over specific intervals, with the pulse width encompassing multiple intervals. The parameter changes in steps during the course of the pulse as a function of time. Alternatively yet, the parameter steps can be made a function of C the pulse's instantaneous frequency. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), POB 5800,MS 1330, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6547 AR 65470D DI 10.1117/12.717796 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500012 ER PT S AU Doerry, AW AF Doerry, A. W. BE Kurtz, JL Tan, RJ TI Wideband SAR processing with segmented chirps for phased-array radars SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XI CY APR 12-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE SAR; radar; chirp; phased array ID ANTENNAS AB Fine resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) requires wideband signals to be transmitted and received. Electronically steered phased-array antennas have difficulty steering wideband signals without the use of expensive and cumbersome true time delay elements. Otherwise more desirable phase shifters are by themselves inadequate to the task. Wideband radar signals can be generated from series or groups of narrow-band signals centered at different frequencies. A wideband Linear FM (LFM) chirp can be assembled from lesser-bandwidth chirp segments. The chirp segments can be transmitted as separate pulses, each with their own steering phase operation. Each chirp segment's bandwidth would essentially be narrow-band by itself. Doing so allows each pulse to be steered by phase shifters alone. This overcomes the problematic dilemma of steering wideband chirps with phase shifters alone. True time-delay elements are not required. The raw Phase History data can then be processed in a manner to reconstruct the image by combining all pulses with all chirp segments. In this manner the image will exhibit resolution consistent with the entire resolution bandwidth, which can be much larger than any individual segment's chirp bandwidth. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), POB 5800,MS 1330, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6669-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6547 AR 654702 DI 10.1117/12.717801 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL45 UT WOS:000248194500001 ER PT B AU Dodd, PE Lenhart, JL Schroeder, JL Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Baggio, J Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Girard, S Blackmore, EW AF Dodd, P. E. Lenhart, J. L. Schroeder, J. L. Schwank, J. R. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Felix, J. A. Baggio, J. Paillet, P. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Girard, S. Blackmore, E. W. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Tungsten-Filled Silicone Composites for Moderating Proton Radiation Effects in Electronics SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE AB Proton SEU cross sections of 1-Mbit commercial SRAMs and deposited dose in thermoluminescent dosimeters are used to explore the effectiveness of tungsten-filled silicone composite shielding materials for improving the radiation tolerance of commercial electronics in proton environments. C1 [Dodd, P. E.; Lenhart, J. L.; Schroeder, J. L.; Schwank, J. R.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baggio, J.; Paillet, P.; Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Girard, S.] CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Blackmore, E. W.] TRIUMF, Vancouver V6T2A3, BC, Canada. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pedodd@sandia.gov RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 44 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500002 ER PT B AU Sutton, AK Prakash, APG Cressler, JD Metcalfe, J Rice, J Grillo, AA Jones, A Martinez-McKinney, F Mekhedjian, P Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Spencer, E Wilder, M Hackenburg, R Kierstead, J Rescia, S AF Sutton, Akil K. Prakash, A. P. Gnana Cressler, John D. Metcalfe, Jessica Rice, Johnathan Grillo, Alexander A. Jones, Ashley Martinez-McKinney, Forest Mekhedjian, Paul Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. -W. Seiden, Abe Spencer, Edwin Wilder, Max Hackenburg, Robert Kierstead, James Rescia, Sergio BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Source Dependence and Technology Scaling Effects on the Radiation Tolerance of SiGe HBTs at Extreme Dose and Fluence Levels SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE Large Hadron Collider (LHC); gamma; High Energy Physics (HEP); proton; neutron; Silicon Germanium (SiGe); HBT ID HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICS; BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; BICMOS TECHNOLOGY; PROTON TOLERANCE; DAMAGE; ELECTRONICS; DETECTORS; DMILL AB We investigate the response of SiGe HBTs exposed to high fluence and total dose levels of proton, neutron and gamma irradiation typically encountered in high energy physics experiments. The transistor radiation tolerance is evaluated via a comparison of excess base current, base current ideality, and current gain degradation. The results indicate that the observed device degradation may be dominated either by conventional SRH recombination or radiation-induced carrier tunneling, depending on the technology generation and radiation source. C1 [Sutton, Akil K.; Prakash, A. P. Gnana; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, TSRB, 85 5th St,NW, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Metcalfe, Jessica; Rice, Johnathan; Grillo, Alexander A.; Jones, Ashley; Martinez-McKinney, Forest; Mekhedjian, Paul; Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. -W.; Seiden, Abe; Spencer, Edwin; Wilder, Max] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hackenburg, Robert; Kierstead, James; Rescia, Sergio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutton, AK (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, TSRB, 85 5th St,NW, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM asutton@ece.gatech.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 83 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500009 ER PT B AU Felix, JA Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J Paillet, P Ferlet-Cavrois, V Dodd, PE Girard, S Blackmore, EW AF Felix, James A. Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Baggio, Jacques Paillet, Philippe Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Dodd, Paul E. Girard, Sylvain Blackmore, Ewart W. BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Test procedures for proton-induced single event latchup in space environments SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE DE radiation effects; hardness assurance; single event; proton; SRAM; SEL; SEU; COTS AB The effect of high energy proton irradiation and angle of incidence on single-event latchup (SEL) hardness is investigated as a function of temperature and power supply voltage to determine worst-case hardness assurance test conditions for space environments. SRAMs from several vendors were characterized for single-event latchup SEL hardness at proton energies from 20 to 500 MeV at temperatures of 25 and 80 degrees C, and at both normal and grazing angles of incidence. For all SRAMs investigated, the largest SEL cross section is observed for irradiation with protons with energies larger than 200 MeV. In addition, it is shown that for proton with energies >= 400 MeV, there is not a significant increase in SEL cross section for grazing angles of incidence compared to normal incidence irradiation. Based on the results of several years of research, in addition to these new results, we propose a hardness assurance test procedure for qualifying parts for use in proton-rich space environments. C1 [Felix, James A.; Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baggio, Jacques; Paillet, Philippe; Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique; Dodd, Paul E.] Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, Serv Phys & Tech Nucl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Blackmore, Ewart W.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Felix, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafelix@sandia.gov RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [07-41961]; U. S. Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IACRO # 07-41961 and the U. S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 366 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500053 ER PT B AU Quinn, H Morgan, K Graham, P Krone, J Caffrey, M AF Quinn, Heather Morgan, Keith Graham, Paul Krone, Jim Caffrey, Michael BE Girard, S Richard, N TI A Review of Xilinx FPGA Architectural Reliability Concerns from Virtex to Virtex-5 SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE ID SRAM-BASED FPGAS AB This paper presents heavy ion static results for Xilinx field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The paper analyzes static bit cross-sections, resources, multiple-bit upsets (MBUs) and resource effects for implications to triple-modular redundancy. C1 [Quinn, Heather; Morgan, Keith; Graham, Paul; Krone, Jim; Caffrey, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 604 EP 611 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500090 ER PT B AU Laird, JS Scheik, L Miyahira, T Mojarradi, MM Blalock, B Greenwell, R Vizkelethy, G Adell, PC Irom, F Doyle, B AF Laird, Jamie S. Scheik, Leif Miyahira, Testuo Mojarradi, Mohammad M. Blalock, Benjamin Greenwell, Robert Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Adell, Philippe C. Irom, Farokh Doyle, Barney BE Girard, S Richard, N TI Analog Single Event Transient Susceptibility of an SOI Operational Amplifier for Use in Low-Temperature Radiation Environments SO RADECS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Deauville, FRANCE AB The next generations of Martian rovers are to examine the polar regions where temperatures are extremely low and the absence of an earth-like atmosphere results in a plethora of radiation issues including Analogue Single Event Transients. To this end, a radiation-hardened, temperature compensated CMOS Single-On-Insulator operational amplifier was designed and fabricated using Honeywell's SOI V process. Broad beam heavy-ion tests at the University of Texas A&M were performed to ascertain the duration and severity of any SET's for low and high gain application. Ambiguity regarding the location of transient formation required the use of an ion microbeam to confirm a region of major concern in the internal bias circuitry. C1 [Laird, Jamie S.; Scheik, Leif; Miyahira, Testuo; Mojarradi, Mohammad M.; Adell, Philippe C.; Irom, Farokh] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Blalock, Benjamin; Greenwell, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy; Doyle, Barney] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Laird, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Laird, Jamie/A-7683-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1704-9 PY 2007 BP 636 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQF06 UT WOS:000280831500096 ER PT S AU Voter, AF AF Voter, Arthur F. BE Sickafus, KE Kotomin, EA Uberuaga, BP TI INTRODUCTION TO THE KINETIC MONTE CARLO METHOD SO RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 17-29, 2004-2007 CL Erice, ITALY ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; ACCELERATED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; TIME-SCALE; MBE GROWTH; MECHANISM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voter, AF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 67 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5293-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 235 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BIH66 UT WOS:000259565500001 ER PT S AU Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF AF Uberuaga, Blas P. Voter, Arthur F. BE Sickafus, KE Kotomin, EA Uberuaga, BP TI ACCELERATED MOLECULAR DYNAMICS METHODS SO RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 17-29, 2004-2007 CL Erice, ITALY ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; INFREQUENT EVENTS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SIMULATION; BARRIERS C1 [Uberuaga, Blas P.; Voter, Arthur F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5293-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 235 BP 25 EP 43 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BIH66 UT WOS:000259565500002 ER PT B AU Sickafus, KE AF Sickafus, Kurt E. BE Sickafus, KE Kotomin, EA Uberuaga, BP TI INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR IRRADIATION-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS SO RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 17, 2004-JUL 29, 2007 CL Erice, ITALY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5293-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2007 VL 235 BP 321 EP 352 PG 32 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BIH66 UT WOS:000259565500011 ER PT S AU Nastasi, M Mayer, JW AF Nastasi, Michael Mayer, Jarnes W. BE Sickafus, KE Kotomin, EA Uberuaga, BP TI ION BEAM MIXING SO RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 17-29, 2004-2007 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Nastasi, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mayer, Jarnes W.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Nastasi, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5293-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 235 BP 387 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BIH66 UT WOS:000259565500013 ER PT S AU Misra, A Nastasi, M AF Misra, Amit Nastasi, Michael BE Sickafus, KE Kotomin, EA Uberuaga, BP TI RESIDUAL STRESS EVOLUTION DURING ENERGETIC PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT OF THIN FILMS SO RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 17-29, 2004-2007 CL Erice, ITALY ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; METAL-FILMS; INTRINSIC STRESS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADE; UNIVERSAL FEATURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INTERFACE STRESSES; TUNGSTEN FILMS; PLASTIC-FLOW; SIMPLE-MODEL C1 [Misra, Amit; Nastasi, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-5293-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2007 VL 235 BP 487 EP 534 PG 48 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BIH66 UT WOS:000259565500017 ER PT J AU Diel, J Belosokhov, M Romanov, S Guilmette, R AF Diel, Joseph Belosokhov, Maxim Romanov, Sergey Guilmette, Raymond TI Microscopic dose to lung from inhaled alpha emitters in humans SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID PARTICLES; RATS AB Because of the short range of alpha particles in tissue, the degree of uniformity of irradiation of the lung varies greatly depending on the form of the inhaled material. Animal studies have shown that the degree of dose uniformity influences the risk of lung cancer. This study investigates the radiation dose distribution of plutonium in human lung. Numerical maps of tissue configuration and target cell locations are obtained from histological sections of human lung tissue stained to enhance the identification of putative cell types for parenchymal lung cancers, i.e. alveolar type 11 cells and Clara cells. Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain dose distribution around individual particles, and these distributions are used to compute dose distribution in volumes of lung tissue. Lung dose is characterised both by the degree of non-uniformity of irradiation and the relative degree of irradiation of all tissue versus the special cells of interest. C1 [Guilmette, Raymond] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Belosokhov, Maxim; Romanov, Sergey] So Urals Biophys Inst, Ozersk, Russia. RP Guilmette, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G761,RP 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rguilmet@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm338 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200006 PM 17766263 ER PT J AU Bailey, MR Ansoborlo, E Guilmette, RA Paquet, F AF Bailey, M. R. Ansoborlo, E. Guilmette, R. A. Paquet, F. TI Updating the ICRP human respiratory tract model SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID LUNG RETENTION; PARTICLES AB The ICRP Task Group on Internal Dosimetry is developing new Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) documents. Application of the Human Respiratory Tract Model (HRTM) requires a review of the lung-to-blood absorption characteristics of inhaled compounds of importance in radiological protection. Where appropriate, material-specific absorption parameter values will be given, and for other compounds, assignments to default Types will be made on current information. Publication of the OIR provides an opportunity for updating the HRTM in the light of experience and new information. The main possibilities under consideration relate to the two main clearance pathways. Recent studies provide important new data on rates of particle transport from the nasal passages, bronchial tree (slow phase) and alveolar region. The review of absorption rates provides a database of parameter values from which consideration can be given to deriving typical values for default Types F, M and S materials, and element-specific rapid dissolution rates. C1 [Bailey, M. R.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. [Ansoborlo, E.] VRH Marcoule, CEA DEN DRCP CETAMA, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. [Guilmette, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Paquet, F.] IRSN DPHD SDOS LEAR, F-26702 Pierrelatte, France. RP Bailey, MR (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. EM mike.bailey@hpa.org.uk RI Eric, Ansoborlo/N-1809-2015 OI Eric, Ansoborlo/0000-0003-0523-3738 NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm249 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200008 PM 18192668 ER PT J AU Aladova, EE Romanov, SA Guilmette, RA Khokhryakov, VF Suslova, KG AF Aladova, E. E. Romanov, S. A. Guilmette, R. A. Khokhryakov, V. F. Suslova, K. G. TI In vitro dissolution study of plutonium in aerosol particles from the Mayak PA: A tool for individualised dose estimates SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID RESPIRABLE AEROSOLS; WORKERS; URANIUM; FUELS AB Chronic inhalation of Pu particles during Mayak processing is a potential concern for workers. Of the many particle properties that affect individualised dose estimates, particle solubility in lung fluids can be most important. This study compares in vitro dissolution rates of several plutonium industrial compounds present at different stages of the Mayak processing cycle using three different solvents. The results are then used to develop values of absorption parameters for individual dose assessments. In this study, the dissolution rates of nitrate, oxide and mixed plutonium aerosols were determined using a serum ultrafiltrate stimulant (SUF), phagolysosomal simulant fluid and Ringer's solution, all using a static system. According to the results obtained with SUF, Pu nitrate is absorbed into the blood to a larger extent than predicted using model parameters currently applied for Mayak workers. Absorption into the blood of 21.5 vs. 3% of deposited nuclide as current model predicts results in underestimation of systemic burden and overestimation of the lung dose. These data are being used to provide improved retrospective dose assessments for inhaled plutonium aerosols. C1 [Aladova, E. E.; Romanov, S. A.; Khokhryakov, V. F.; Suslova, K. G.] So Urals Biophys Inst, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Reg, Russia. [Guilmette, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Aladova, EE (reprint author), So Urals Biophys Inst, Ozyorsk Shosse 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Reg, Russia. EM aladova@fib.ozersk.ru NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm340 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200014 PM 17704503 ER PT J AU Phipps, AW Fell, TP Harrison, J Paquet, F Leggett, RW AF Phipps, A. W. Fell, T. P. Harrison, J. D. Paquet, F. Leggett, R. W. TI Dose coefficients calculated using the new ICRP model for the human alimentary tract SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID ABSORPTION; PLUTONIUM AB Publication 100 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides a Human Alimentary Tract Model (HATM) to replace the gastrointestinal (GI) model described in Publication 30. The HATM will be used for future calculations of dose coefficients and bioassay predictions, first in a series of publications on occupational intakes of radionuclides, and subsequently in revision of dose coefficients for public exposures. This paper compares dose coefficients calculated using the new model with current values calculated using the GI model for a range of radionuclides. Colon doses are lower using the HATM in all cases considered, in some cases by significant factors. Stomach doses tend to be lower, but are in some cases higher under HATM. The extent to which these changes in doses to gut tissues impacts upon the effective dose varies among nuclides, but there is a tendency for lower effective doses. Special-case applications of the HATM are also described, considering retention on teeth or in the walls of the small intestine. Although the effect of such retention on the regional tissue dose can be large, the effective dose is not greatly changed. C1 [Phipps, A. W.; Fell, T. P.; Harrison, J. D.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. [Paquet, F.] Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, F-267029 Pierrelatte, France. [Leggett, R. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phipps, AW (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. EM alan.phipps@hpa.org.uk NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm254 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200018 PM 18003711 ER PT J AU Guilmette, RA Durbin, PW Toohey, RE Bertelli, L AF Guilmette, Raymond A. Durbin, Patricia W. Toohey, Richard E. Bertelli, Luiz TI The NCRP wound model: Development and application SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE AB The US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, in collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, has been developing a biokinetic and dosimetric model for radionuclide-contaminated wounds. The finalised model is described briefly in this paper, together with the scientific basis and application. The multicompartment model uses first-order linear biokinetics; to describe the retention and clearance of it radionuclide deposited in a wound site using seven default retention categories. Examples using plutonium nitrate in colloidal form and uranium in metal fragments show the behaviour of the less soluble forms of radionuclides in wounds, in which long-term retention is predicted. Using uranium as an example, the wound model is coupled to a uranium International Commission on Radiological Protection systemic model to predict urinary excretion patterns for different physicochemical forms of uranium. The latter application is needed for bioassay interpretation. C1 [Guilmette, Raymond A.; Bertelli, Luiz] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Durbin, Patricia W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Toohey, Richard E.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G761,RP 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rguilmet@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm342 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200023 PM 17766262 ER PT J AU James, AC Sasser, LB Stuit, DB Wood, TG Glover, SE Lynch, TP Dagle, GE AF James, A. C. Sasser, L. B. Stuit, D. B. Wood, T. G. Glover, S. E. Lynch, T. P. Dagle, G. E. TI USTUR whole body case 0262: 33-y follow-up of PuO(2) in a skin wound and associated axillary node SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID MODELS AB This whole body donation case (USTUR Registrant) involved two suspected PuO(2) inhalation intakes, each indicated by a measurable Pu alpha activity in a single urine sample, followed about 11/2 y later by a puncture wound to the thumb while working in a Pu glovebox. The study is concerned with modelling simultaneously the biokinetics of deposition and retention in the respiratory tract and at the wound site; and the biokinetics of Pu subsequently transferred to other body organs, until the donor's death. Urine samples taken after the wound incident had readily measurable Pu alpha activity over the next 14 y, before dropping below the minimum detectable excretion rate (<0.4 mBq d(-1)). The Registrant died about 33 y after the wound intake, at the age of 71, from hepatocellular carcinoma with extensive metastases. At autopsy, all major soft tissue organs were harvested for analysis of their (238)Pu, (239+240)Pu and (241)Am content. The amount of (239+240)Pu retained at the wound site was 68 +/- 7 Bq (1 SD), measured by low-energy planar Ge spectrometry. A further 56.0 +/- 1.2 Bq was retained in an associated axillary lymph node, measured by radiochemistry. Simultaneous mathematical analysis (modelling) of all in vivo urinary excretion data, together with the measured lung, thoracic lymph node, wound, axillary lymph node and systemic tissue contents at death, yielded estimated intake amounts of 757 and 1504 Bq, respectively, for the first and second inhalation incidents, and 204 Bq for the total wound intake. The inhaled Pu material was highly insoluble, with an estimated long-term absorption rate from the lungs of 2 x 10(-5) d(-1). The Pu material deposited at the wound site was mixed: similar to 14% was rapidly absorbed, similar to 49% was absorbed at the rate of about 6 x 10(-5) d(-1), and the remainder (similar to 37%) was absorbed extremely slowly (at the rate of about 5 x 10(-6) d(-1)). Thus, it was estimated that only similar to 40% of the Pu initially deposited in the wound had been absorbed systemically over the 33-y period until the donor's death. The biokinetic modelling also indicated that, in this individual case, some of the parameter values (rate constants) incorporated in the ICRP Publication 67 Pu model were up to a factor of 2 different from ICRPs recommended values (for reference man). C1 [James, A. C.; Sasser, L. B.; Stuit, D. B.; Wood, T. G.] Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Glover, S. E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lynch, T. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP James, AC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, 1845 Terminal Dr,Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tjames@tricity.wsu.edu RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm467 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200025 PM 18227076 ER PT J AU Blanchardon, E Leggett, RW Eckerman, KF AF Blanchardon, E. Leggett, R. W. Eckerman, K. F. TI Some elements for a revision of the americium reference biokinetic model SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID INHALATION; PLUTONIUM; HUMANS; AM-241 AB The interpretation of individual activity measurement after a contamination by Am-241 or its parent nuclide Pu-241 is based on the reference americium (Am) biokinetic model published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1993 [International Commission on Radiological Protection. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides. Part 2 Ingestion dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Ann. ICRP 23(3/4) (1993)]. The authors analysed the new data about Am biokinetics; reported afterwards to propose an update of the current model. The most interesting results, from the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries post-mortem measurement database [Filipy, R. E. and Russel, J. J. The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries as sources for actinide doximetry and bioeffects. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 105(1-4), 185-187 (2003)] and the long-term follow-up of cases of inhalation intake [Malatova, I., Foltanova, Beckova, V., Filgas, R., Pospisilova, H. and Holgye, Z. Assessment of occupational doses from internal contamination with Am-241. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 105(1-4), 325-328 (2003)], seemed to show that the current model underestimates the retention in the massive soft tissues and overestimates the retention in the skeleton and the late urinary excretion. However, a critical review of the data demonstrated that all were not equally reliable and suggested that only a slight revision of the model, possibly involving a change in the balance of activity between massive soft tissues, cortical and trabecular bone surfaces, may be required. C1 [Blanchardon, E.; Leggett, R. W.] IRSN Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, Lab Internal Dose Assessment, IRSN DRPH SDI LEDI, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. [Eckerman, K. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dosimetry Res Team, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blanchardon, E (reprint author), IRSN Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, Lab Internal Dose Assessment, IRSN DRPH SDI LEDI, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. EM eric.blanchardon@irsn.fr NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm262 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200028 PM 17561524 ER PT J AU Bolch, WE Shah, AP Watchman, CJ Jokisch, DW Patton, PW Rajon, DA Zankl, M Petoussi-Henss, N Eckerman, KF AF Bolch, W. E. Shah, A. P. Watchman, C. J. Jokisch, D. W. Patton, P. W. Rajon, D. A. Zankl, M. Petoussi-Henss, N. Eckerman, K. F. TI Skeletal absorbed fractions for electrons in the adult male: Considerations of a revised 50-mu m definition of the bone endosteum SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MARROW; DOSIMETRY; CELLS AB In 1995, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued ICRP Publication 70 which provided an extensive update to the physiological and anatomical reference data for the skeleton of adults and children originally issued in ICRP Publication 23. Although ICRP Publication 70 has been a valuable document in the development of reference voxel computational phantoms, additional guidance is needed for dose assessment in the skeletal tissues beyond that given in ICRP Publication 30. In this study, a computed tomography (CT) and micro-CT-based model of the skeletal tissues is presented, which considers (1) a 50-mu m depth in marrow for the osteoprogenitor cells, (2) electron escape from trabecular spongiosa to the surrounding cortical bone, (3) cortical bone to trabecular spongiosa cross-fire for electrons and (4) variations in specific absorbed fraction with changes in bone marrow cellularity for electrons. A representative data set is given for electron dosimetry in the craniofacial bones of the adult male. C1 [Bolch, W. E.] Univ Florida, Adv Lab Radiat Dosimetry Studies ALRADS, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shah, A. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Watchman, C. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Radiat Oncol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jokisch, D. W.] Francis Marion Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Patton, P. W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Hlth Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Rajon, D. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Neurosurg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zankl, M.; Petoussi-Henss, N.] GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Eckerman, K. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bolch, WE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Adv Lab Radiat Dosimetry Studies ALRADS, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wbolch@ufl.edu RI Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014; Rajon, Didier/O-9412-2014 OI Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X; FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA96441] NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm268 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200036 PM 17556345 ER PT J AU Zankl, M Eckerman, KE Bolch, WE AF Zankl, M. Eckerman, K. E. Bolch, W. E. TI Voxel-based models representing the male and female ICRP reference adult - The skeleton SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; ABSORBED FRACTIONS; PHANTOM; PHOTONS; CODE AB For the forthcoming update of organ dose conversion coefficients, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) will use voxel-based computational phantoms due to their improved anatomical realism compared with the class of mathematical or stylized phantoms used previously. According to the ICRP philosophy, these phantoms should be representative of the male and female reference adults with respect to their external dimensions, their organ topology and their organ masses. To meet these requirements, reference models of an adult male and adult female have been constructed at the GSF, based on existing voxel models segmented from tomographic images of two individuals whose body height and weight closely resemble the ICRP Publication 89 reference values. The skeleton is a highly complex structure of the body, composed of cortical bone, trabecular bone, red and yellow bone marrow and endosteum ('bone surfaces' in their older terminology). The skeleton of the reference phantoms consists of 19 individually segmented bones and bone groups. Sub-division of these bones into the above-mentioned constituents would be necessary in order to allow a direct calculation of dose to red bone marrow and endosteum. However, the dimensions of the trabeculae, the cavities containing bone marrow and the endosteum layer fining these cavities are clearly smaller than the resolution of a normal CT scan and, thus, these volumes could not be segmented in the tomographic images. As an attempt to represent the gross spatial distribution of these regions as realistically as possible at the given voxel resolution, 48 individual organ identification numbers were assigned to various parts of the skeleton: every segmented bone was subdivided into an outer shell of cortical bone and a spongious core; in the shafts of the long bones, a medullary cavity was additionally segmented. Using the data from ICRP Publication 89 on elemental tissue composition, from ICRU Report 46 on material mass densities, and from ICRP Publication 70 on the distribution of the red bone marrow among and marrow cellularity in individual bones, individual elemental compositions for these segmented bone regions were derived. Thus, most of the relevant source and target regions of the skeleton were provided. Dose calculations using these regions will be based on fluence-to-dose response functions that are multiplied with the particle fluence inside specific bone regions to give the dose quantities of interest to the target tissues. C1 [Zankl, M.] GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Eckerman, K. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bolch, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bolch, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zankl, M (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM zankl@gsf.de RI Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014 OI Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X NR 23 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm269 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200037 PM 17545663 ER PT J AU Eckerman, KF Boch, WE Zankl, M Petoussi-Henss, N AF Eckerman, K. F. Boch, W. E. Zankl, M. Petoussi-Henss, N. TI Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from photon irradiation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID TRABECULAR BONE AB The calculation of absorbed dose in skeletal tissues at radiogenic risk has been a difficult problem because the relevant structures cannot be represented in conventional geometric terms nor can they be visualised in the tomographic image data used to define the computational models of the human body. The active marrow, the tissue of concern in leukaemia induction, is present within the spongiosa regions of trabecular bone, whereas the osteoprogenitor cells at risk for bone cancer induction are considered to be within the soft tissues adjacent to the mineral surfaces. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends averaging the absorbed energy over the active marrow within the spongiosa and over the soft tissues within 10 mu m of the mineral surface for leukaemia and bone cancer induction, respectively. In its forthcoming recommendation, it is expected that the latter guidance will be changed to include soft tissues within 50 mu m of the mineral surfaces. To address the computational problems, the skeleton of the proposed ICRP reference computational phantom has been subdivided to identify those voxels associated with cortical shell, spongiosa and the medullary cavity of the long bones. It is further proposed that the Monte Carlo calculations with these phantoms compute the energy deposition in the skeletal target tissues as the product of the particle fluence in the skeletal subdivisions and applicable fluence-to-dose-response functions. This paper outlines the development of such response functions for photons. C1 [Eckerman, K. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Boch, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zankl, M.; Petoussi-Henss, N.] GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. RP Eckerman, KF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM eckermankf@ornl.gov RI Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014; Lee, Choonsik/C-9023-2015 OI Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X; Lee, Choonsik/0000-0003-4289-9870 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm468 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200038 PM 18192667 ER PT J AU Petoussi-Henss, N Li, WB Zankl, M Eckerman, KE AF Petoussi-Henss, N. Li, W. B. Zankl, M. Eckerman, K. E. TI SEECAL utilizing voxel-based SAFs SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; ABSORBED FRACTIONS; PHANTOMS; FAMILY AB The computer program SEECAL, written by Cristy and Eckerman from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, calculates specific effective energies (also known as S factors in the MIRD terminology) for an adult male, an adult female and five paediatric ages. Its dosimetric methodology is that of the ICRP Among other parameters, SEECAL requires input data on specific absorbed fractions (SAF) and utilises those derived from the MIRD-type stylised anthropomorphic phantoms. SEECAL has been used worldwide for dose estimations concerning occupational or public exposures due to radionuclides incorporated into the body and has formed the basis for programs developed by other laboratories to calculate, for example, dose to the patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures. The revised version of SEECAL is at the moment limited to adults and utilises the photon SAFs derived with Monte Carlo methods for the new reference male and female voxel-based phantoms to be adopted by the ICRP. C1 [Petoussi-Henss, N.; Li, W. B.; Zankl, M.] GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Eckerman, K. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petoussi-Henss, N (reprint author), GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Radiat Protect, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EM petoussi@gsf.de RI Li, Weibo/M-7475-2013; Zankl, Maria/M-7348-2014 OI Zankl, Maria/0000-0003-4743-970X NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm274 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200044 PM 17561525 ER PT J AU Little, T Miller, G Guilmette, R Bertelli, L AF Little, Tom Miller, Guthrie Guilmette, Raymond Bertelli, Luiz TI Uranium dose assessment: A Bayesian approach to the problem of dietary background SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE AB Workers are routinely monitored by urinallysis for exposure to uranium at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Urine samples are analysed by alpha spectroscopy for U-234, U-235 and U-238. Interpretation of the data is complicated by the presence of natural uranium in the workers' drinking water and diet. Earlier methods used drinking water samples to estimate the dietary component in urine excretion. However, there proved to be insufficient correlation between drinking water concentration and excretion rate. Instead, an iterative calculation is used to identify a typical excretion rate for each individual in the absence of occupational intakes. Bayesian dose-assessment methods, first developed for plutonium bioassay at Los Alamos, have been adapted for uranium. These methods, coupled with an algorithm for identifying each individual's baseline level of uranium from environmental sources, yield improved reliability in the identification of occupational intakes. C1 [Little, Tom; Miller, Guthrie; Guilmette, Raymond; Bertelli, Luiz] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Little, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tlittle@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm352 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200069 PM 17623684 ER PT J AU Bertelli, L Miller, G Little, T Guilmette, RA Glasser, SM AF Bertelli, L. Miller, G. Little, T. Guilmette, R. A. Glasser, S. M. TI Internal dose assessment data management system for a large population of Pu workers SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID BAYESIAN DETECTION ANALYSIS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; DOSIMETRY AB This paper describes the design and implementation of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) dose assessment (DA) data system. Dose calculations for the most important radionuclides at LANL, namely plutonium, americium, uranium and tritium, are performed through the Microsoft Access DA database. DA includes specially developed forms and macros that perform a variety of tasks, such as retrieving bioassay data, launching the FORTRAN internal dosimetry applications and displaying dose results in the form of text summaries and plots. The DA software involves the following major processes: (1) downloading of bioassay data from a remote data source, (2) editing local and remote databases, (3) setting up and carrying out internal dose calculations using the UF code or the ID code, (3) importing results of the dose calculations into local results databases, (4) producing a secondary database of 'official results' and (5) automatically creating and e-mailing reports. The software also provides summary status and reports of the pending DAs, which are useful for managing the cases in process. C1 [Bertelli, L.; Miller, G.; Little, T.; Guilmette, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Glasser, S. M.] LogiCreativ, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Bertelli, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSG761,RP-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lbertelli@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 347 EP 349 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm287 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200072 PM 17925307 ER PT J AU Guilmette, RA Bertelli, L Miller, G Little, TT AF Guilmette, Raymond A. Bertelli, Luiz Miller, Guthrie Little, Tom T. TI Techical basis for using nose swab bioassay data for early internal dose assessment SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID DOSIMETRY AB One of the challenges to the dose assessment team in response to an inhalation incident in the workplace is to provide the occupational physicians, operational radiation protection personnel and line managers with early estimates of radionuclide intakes so that appropriate consequence management and mitigation can be done. For radionuclides such as Pu, where in vivo counting is not adequately sensitive, other techniques such as the measurement of removable radionuclide from the nasal airway passages can be used. At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), nose swabs of the ET1 region have been used routinely as a first response to airborne Pu releases in the workplace, as well as for other radionuclides. This paper presents the results of analysing over 15 years of nose swab data, comparing these with dose assessments performed using the Bayesian methods developed at LANL. The results provide empirical support for using nose swab data for early dose assessments. For Pu, a rule of thumb is a dose factor of 0.8 mSv Bq(-1), assuming a linear relationship between nasal swab activity and committed effective dose equivalent. However, this value is specific to the methods and models used at LANL, and should not be applied directly without considering possible differences in measurement and calculation methods. C1 [Guilmette, Raymond A.; Bertelli, Luiz; Miller, Guthrie; Little, Tom T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G471,RP-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rguilmet@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 356 EP 360 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm354 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200074 PM 17766257 ER PT J AU Miller, G Bertelli, L Little, T Guilmette, RA AF Miller, G. Bertelli, L. Little, T. Guilmette, R. A. TI Internal dosimetry verification and validation database SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID BAYESIAN METHODS AB Simulated-data internal dosimetry cases for use in intercomparison exercises or as it software verification and validation tool have been published on the internet (www.lanl.gov/bayesian/software Bayesian software package II). A user may validate their internal dosimetry code or method using this simulated bioassay data. Or, the user may choose to try out the Los Alamos National Laboratory codes ID and UF, which are also supplied. A Poisson-lognormal model of data uncertainty is assumed. A collection of different possible models for each nuclide (e.g. solubility types and particle sizes) are used. For example, for (238)pU, 14 different bioldnetic models or types (8 inhalation, 4 wound and 2 ingestion) are assumed. Simulated data are generated for all the assumed biokinetic models, both for incidents, where the time of intake is known, and for non-incidents, where it is not. For the dose calculations, the route of intake, but not the bioldnetic model, is considered to be known. The object is to correctly calculate the known true dose from simulated data covering a period of time. A 'correct' result has been defined in two ways: (1) that the credible limits of the calculated dose include the correct dose and (2) that the calculated dose is within a factor of 2 of the correct dose. C1 [Miller, G.; Bertelli, L.; Little, T.; Guilmette, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guthrie@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm470 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200075 PM 18325930 ER PT J AU James, AC Sasser, LB Stuit, DB Glover, SE Carbaugh, EH AF James, A. C. Sasser, L. B. Stuit, D. B. Glover, S. E. Carbaugh, E. H. TI Ustur whole body case 0269: Demonstrating effectiveness of IVCa-DTPA for Pu SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID PLUTONIUM; RADIONUCLIDES AB This whole body donation case (USTUR Registrant) involved a single acute inhalation of an acidic Pu(NO(3))4 solution in the form of an aerosol 'mist'. Chelation treatment with intravenously (i.v.) Ca-EDTA wits initiated on the day of the intake, and continued intermittently over 6 months. After 2.5 y with no further treatment, a course of i.v. Ca-DTPA was administered. A total of 400 measurements of (239+240)Pu excreted in urine were recorded; starting on the first day (both before and during the initial Ca-EDTA chelation) and continuing for 37 y. This sampling included all intervals of chelation. In addition, 91 measurements of (239+240)Pu-in-feces were recorded over this whole period. The Registrant died about 38 y after the intake, at age 79 y, with extensive carcinomatosis secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. At autopsy, all major soft tissue organs were harvested for radiochemical analyses of their (238)Pu, (239+24)Pu and (241)Am content. Also, all types of bone (comprising about half the skeleton) were harvested for radiochemical analyses, as well as samples of skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. This comprehensive data set has been applied to derive 'chelation-enhanced' transfer rates in the ICRP Publication 67 plutonium biokinetic model, representing the behaviour of blood-borne and tissue-incorporated plutonium during intervals of therapy. The resulting model of the separate effects of i.v. Ca-EDTA and Ca-DTPA chelation shows that the therapy administered in this case succeeded in reducing substantially the long-term burden of plutonium in all body organs, except for the lungs. The calculated reductions in organ content at the time of death are similar to 40%, for the liver, 60% for other soft tissues (muscle, skin, glands, etc.), 50% for the kidneys and 50% for the skeleton. Essentially, all of the substantial reduction in skeletal burden occurred in trabecular bone. This modelling exercise demonstrated that 3-y-delayed Ca-DTPA therapy was as effective as promptly administered Ca-EDTA. C1 [James, A. C.; Sasser, L. B.; Stuit, D. B.] Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Glover, S. E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Carbaugh, E. H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP James, AC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Pharm, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, 1845 Terminal Dr,Suite 201, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tjames@tricity.wsu.edu RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm473 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200094 PM 18227077 ER PT J AU Degteval, MO Shagina, NB Tolstykh, EI Bougrov, NG Zalyapin, VI Anspaugh, LR Napier, BA AF Degteval, M. O. Shagina, N. B. Tolstykh, E. I. Bougrov, N. G. Zalyapin, V. I. Anspaugh, L. R. Napier, B. A. TI An approach to reduction of uncertainties in internal doses reconstructed for the Techa river population SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; COHORT AB A methodology was developed for reduction of uncertainties in estimates of internal dose for residents of the Techa Riverside communities, who were exposed as a result of releases of radionuclides from the Mayak plutonium production facility in 1949-56. The 'Techa River Dosimetry System' (TRDS) was specifically elaborated for reconstruction of doses. A preliminary analysis of uncertainty for doses estimated using the current version of the TRDS showed large ranges in the uncertainty of internal absorbed dose and led to suggestions of methods to reduce uncertainties. The new methodological approaches described in this paper will allow for significant reduction of uncertainties of Sr-90-dose. The major sources of reduction are: making use of individual measured values of Sr-90 and through development of a Household Registry to associate unmeasured persons with measured persons living in the same household(s). C1 [Degteval, M. O.; Shagina, N. B.; Tolstykh, E. I.; Bougrov, N. G.] Urals Res Ctr Radiat Med, Chelyabinsk, Russia. [Zalyapin, V. I.] So Urals State Univ, Chelyabinsk, Russia. [Anspaugh, L. R.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Napier, B. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Degteval, MO (reprint author), Urals Res Ctr Radiat Med, Chelyabinsk, Russia. EM marina@urcrm.chel.su RI Bugrov, Nikolay/G-8322-2016 OI Bugrov, Nikolay/0000-0002-3693-9218 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm410 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200101 PM 17848387 ER PT J AU Romanov, SA Guilmette, RA Khokhryakov, VF Phipps, A Aladova, EE Bertelli, L Birchall, A Eckerman, KF Khokhryakov, VV Krahenbuhl, MP Leggett, RW Little, TT Miller, G Miller, SC Riddell, A Suslova, KG Vostrotin, VV Zaytseva, YV AF Romanov, S. A. Guilmette, R. A. Khokhryakov, V. F. Phipps, A. Aladova, E. E. Bertelli, L. Birchall, A. Eckerman, K. F. Khokhryakov, V. V. Krahenbuhl, M. P. Leggett, R. W. Little, T. T. Miller, G. Miller, S. C. Riddell, A. Suslova, K. G. Vostrotin, V. V. Zaytseva, Ye. V. TI Comparison of dose estimation from occupational exposure to (239)Pu using different modelling approaches SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID MAYAK WORKERS; PLUTONIUM AB Several approaches are available for bioassay interpretation when assigning Pu doses to Mayak workers. First, a conventional approach is to apply ICRP models per se. An alternative method involves individualised fitting of bioassay data using Bayesian statistical methods. A third approach is to develop an independent dosimetry system for Mayak workers by adapting ICRP models using a dataset of available bioassay measurements for this population. Thus, a dataset of 42 former Mayak workers, who died of non-radiation effects, with both urine bioassay and post-mortem tissue data was used to test these three approaches. All three approaches proved to be adequate for bioassay and tissue interpretation, and thus for Pu dose reconstruction purposes. However, large discrepancies are observed in the resulting quantitative dose estimates. These discrepancies can, in large part, be explained by differences in the interpretation of Pu behaviour in the lungs in the context of ICRP lung model. Thus, a careful validation of Pu lung dosimetry model is needed in Mayak worker dosimetry systems. C1 [Romanov, S. A.; Khokhryakov, V. F.; Aladova, E. E.; Khokhryakov, V. V.; Suslova, K. G.; Vostrotin, V. V.; Zaytseva, Ye. V.] So Urals Biophys Inst, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk, Russia. [Guilmette, R. A.; Bertelli, L.; Little, T. T.; Miller, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Phipps, A.; Birchall, A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Eckerman, K. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Krahenbuhl, M. P.; Miller, S. C.] Univ Utah, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Riddell, A.] Westlakes Res Inst, Cumbria, England. RP Romanov, SA (reprint author), So Urals Biophys Inst, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk, Russia. EM roma@telecom.ozersk.ru NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm415 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200102 PM 18045798 ER PT J AU Guilmette, RA Parkhurst, MA AF Guilmette, Raymond A. Parkhurst, Mary Ann TI Dose assessment for inhalation intakes in complex, energetic environments: Experience from the US Capstone study SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE AB Because of the lack of existing information needed to evaluate the risks from inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) aerosols of US soldiers during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the US Department of Defense funded an experimental study to measure the characteristics of DU aerosols created when Abrams tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles are struck with large-caliber DU penetrators, and a dose and risk assessment for individuals present in such vehicles. This paper describes some of the difficulties experienced in dose assessment modelling of the very complex DU aerosols created in the Capstone studies, e.g. high concentrations, heterogeneous aerosol properties, non-lognormal particle size distributions, triphasic in vitro dissolution and rapid time-varying functions of both DU air concentration and particle size. The approaches used to solve these problems along with example results are presented. C1 [Guilmette, Raymond A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parkhurst, Mary Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G761,RP 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rguilmet@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 516 EP 520 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm359 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200108 PM 17766261 ER PT J AU Zaytseva, YV Tretyakov, FD Romanov, SA Miller, G Bertelli, L Guilmette, RA AF Zaytseva, Yekaterina V. Tretyakov, Fyodor D. Romanov, Sergey A. Miller, Guthrie Bertelli, Luiz Guilmette, Raymond A. TI Use of air monitoring and experimental aerosol data for intake assessment for Mayak plutonium workers SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Internal Dosimetry CY OCT 02-05, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE ID PRODUCTION-ASSOCIATION; PARTICLE-SIZE AB One of the major uncertainties in reconstructing doses to Mayak Plutonium (Pu) workers is the unknown exposure patterns experienced by individuals. These uncertainties include the amounts of Pu inhaled, the temporal exposure pattern of Pu air concentration, the particle-size distribution and solubility of the inhaled aerosols. To date, little individual and workplace-specific information has been used to assess these parameters for the Mayak workforce. However, extensive workplace-specific alpha activity air monitoring data set has been collated, which, if coupled with individual occupational histories, can potentially provide customised intake scenarios for individual Mayak workers. The most available Pu air concentration data are annual averages, which exist for over 100 defined work stations at radiochemical and chemical-metallurgical manufacturing facilities and basically for the whole period of Mayak production operations. Much sparser but more accurate data on Pu concentrations in workers' breathing zone are available for some major workplaces and occupations. The latter demonstrate that within a working shift, Pu concentrations varied over a range of several orders of magnitude depending on the nature of the operations performed. An approach to use the collated data set for individual intake reconstruction is formulated and its practical application is demonstrated. Initial results of ongoing experimental study on historic particle size at Mayak PA and their implications for intake estimation are presented. C1 [Zaytseva, Yekaterina V.; Tretyakov, Fyodor D.; Romanov, Sergey A.] So Urals Biophys Inst, Chelyabinsk 456780, Russia. [Miller, Guthrie; Bertelli, Luiz; Guilmette, Raymond A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zaytseva, YV (reprint author), So Urals Biophys Inst, 19 Ozyorsk Rd, Chelyabinsk 456780, Russia. EM zaytseva@fib.ozersk.ru NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 127 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm413 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314WP UT WOS:000256840200112 PM 17848389 ER PT J AU Taniguchi, S Nakao, N Nakamura, T Yashima, H Iwamoto, Y Satoh, D Nakane, Y Nakashima, H Itoga, T Tamii, A Hatanaka, K AF Taniguchi, S. Nakao, N. Nakamura, T. Yashima, H. Iwamoto, Y. Satoh, D. Nakane, Y. Nakashima, H. Itoga, T. Tamii, A. Hatanaka, K. TI Development of a quasi-monoenergetic neutron field using the Li-7(p,n)(7) be reaction in the energy range from 250 to 390 MeVAT RCNP SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTONS; FACILITY AB A quasi-monoenergetic neutron field using the Li-7(p,n)Be-7 reaction has been developed at the ring cyclotron facility at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. Neutrons were generated from a 10-mm-thick Li target injected by 250, 350 and 392 MeV protons and neutrons produced at 0 degrees were extracted into the time-of-flight (TOF) room of 100-m length through the concrete collimator of 10 X 12 cm aperture and 150 cm thickness. The neutron energy spectra were measured by a 12.7-cm diam x 12.7-cm long NE213 organic liquid scintillator using the TOF method. The peak neutron fluence was 1.94 X 10(10), 1.07 X 10(10) and 1.50 X 10(10) n sr(-1) per mu C of 250, 350 and 392 MeV protons, respectively. The neutron spectra generated from various thick (stopping length) targets of carbon, aluminium, iron and lead, bombarded by 250 and 350 MeV protons, were also measured with the TOF method. Although these measurements were performed to obtain thick target neutron yields, they are also used as a continuous energy neutron field. These neutron fields are very useful for characterising neutron detectors, measuring neutron cross sections, testing irradiation effects for various materials and performing neutron shielding experiments. C1 [Nakamura, T.; Itoga, T.] Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron & Radioisotope Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Taniguchi, S.] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Nakao, N.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Yashima, H.] Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kumatori, Osaka 5900494, Japan. [Iwamoto, Y.; Satoh, D.; Nakane, Y.; Nakashima, H.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Tamii, A.; Hatanaka, K.] Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RP Nakamura, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Cyclotron & Radioisotope Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM nakamura@cyric.tohoku.ac.jp RI Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm007 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400006 PM 17502318 ER PT J AU Hughes, HG AF Hughes, H. Grady TI Uncertainties beyond statistics in monte carlo simulations SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp AB The Monte Carlo method has become an essential tool for the simulation of radiation and particle transport problems. The combination of its ease of use and the power of the method can create a temptation to use Monte Carlo as a 'black box' tool. In this paper, we shall mention a number of important issues that any user of a Monte Carlo computer code should keep firmly in mind when attempting a transport simulation, and we shall present a recent practical example to show the potential significance of such issues. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 3 MCC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hughes, HG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X 3 MCC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hgh@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400010 PM 17766264 ER PT J AU Olsher, RH McLean, TD Mallett, MW Seagraves, DT Gadd, MS Markham, RL Murphy, RO Devine, RT AF Olsher, R. H. McLean, T. D. Mallett, M. W. Seagraves, D. T. Gadd, M. S. Markham, Robin L. Murphy, R. O. Devine, R. T. TI Characterization of neutron reference fields at us department of energy calibration fields SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID REM METER; SPECTROMETER AB The Health Physics Measurements Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has initiated a study of neutron reference fields at selected US Department of Energy (DOE) calibration facilities. To date, field characterisation has been completed at five facilities. These fields are traceable to the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) through either a primary calibration of the source emission rate or through the use of a secondary standard. However, neutron spectral variation is caused by factors such as room return, scatter from positioning tables and fixtures, source anisotropy and spectral degradation due to source rabbits and guide tubes. Perturbations from the ideal isotropic point source field may impact the accuracy of instrument calibrations. In particular, the thermal neutron component of the spectrum, while contributing only a small fraction of the conventionally true dose, can contribute a significant fraction of a dosemeter's response with the result that the calibration becomes facility-specific. A protocol has been developed to characterise neutron fields that relies primarily on spectral measurements with the Bubble Technology Industries (BTI) rotating neutron spectrometer (ROSPEC) and the LANL Bonner sphere spectrometer. The ROSPEC measurements were supplemented at several sites by the BTI Simple Scintillation Spectrometer probe, which is designed to extend the ROSPEC upper energy range from 5 to 15 MeV In addition, measurements were performed with several rem meters and neutron dosemeters. Detailed simulations were performed using the LANL MCNPX Monte Carlo code to calculate the magnitude of source anisotropy and scatter factors. C1 [Olsher, R. H.; McLean, T. D.; Mallett, M. W.; Seagraves, D. T.; Gadd, M. S.; Markham, Robin L.; Murphy, R. O.; Devine, R. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurement Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olsher, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurement Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dick@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm012 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400011 PM 17496290 ER PT J AU McLean, TD Olsher, RH Romero, LL Miles, LH Devine, RT Fallu-Labruyere, A Grudberg, P AF McLean, T. D. Olsher, R. H. Romero, L. L. Miles, L. H. Devine, R. T. Fallu-Labruyere, A. Grudberg, P. TI CHELSI: A portable neutron spectrometer for the 20-800 MeV region SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp AB CHELSI is a CsI-based portable spectrometer being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for use in high-energy neutron fields. Based on the inherent pulse shape discrimination properties of CsI(TI), the instrument flags charged particle events produced via neutron-induced spallation events. Scintillation events are processed in real time using digital signal processing and a conservative estimate of neutron dose rate is made based on the charged particle energy distribution. A more accurate dose estimate can be made by unfolding the 2D charged particle versus pulse height distribution to reveal the incident neutron spectrum from which dose is readily obtained. A prototype probe has been assembled and data collected in quasi-monoenergetic fields at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala as well as at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). Preliminary efforts at deconvoluting the shape/energy data using empirical response functions derived from time-of-flight measurements are described. C1 [McLean, T. D.; Olsher, R. H.; Romero, L. L.; Miles, L. H.; Devine, R. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurement Grp RP 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Fallu-Labruyere, A.; Grudberg, P.] XIA LLC, Hayward, CA USA. RP McLean, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurement Grp RP 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM tmelean@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm046 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400046 PM 17522039 ER PT J AU Miller, LF Preston, J Pozzi, S Flaska, M Neal, J AF Miller, L. F. Preston, J. Pozzi, S. Flaska, M. Neal, J. TI Digital pulse shape discrimination SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID LIQUID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS; NEUTRON; SPECTROMETRY AB Pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) has been utilised for about 40 years as a method to obtain estimates for dose in mixed neutron and photon fields. Digitizers that operate close to GHz are currently available at a reasonable cost, and they can be used to directly sample signals from photomultiplier tubes. This permits one to perform digital PSD rather than the traditional, and well-established, analogoue techniques. One issue that complicates PSD for neutrons in mixed fields is that the light output characteristics of typical scintillators available for PSD, such as BC501A, vary as a function of energy deposited in the detector. This behaviour is more easily accommodated with digital processing of signals than with analogoue signal processing. Results illustrate the effectiveness of digital PSD. C1 [Miller, L. F.; Preston, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pozzi, S.; Flaska, M.; Neal, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Miller, LF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM 1fmiller@utk.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm052 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400052 PM 17575295 ER PT J AU Olsher, RH McLean, TD Mallett, MW Romero, LL Devine, RT Hoffman, JM AF Olsher, Richard H. McLean, Thomas D. Mallett, Michael W. Romero, Leonard L. Devine, Robert T. Hoffman, Jeffrey M. TI High-energy response of passive dosemeters in use at LANL SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp ID DETECTORS; NEUTRONS AB The high-energy neutron response of three passive dosemeters in use at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has been investigated using metrology-grade fields. The dosemeters include the LANL Model 8823 TLD badge and the LANL PN3 track etch device. Both are doserneters of record at LANL. The third device was the Personal Neutron Dosemeter (PND), a superheated emulsion device, manufactured by Bubble Technology Industries, Inc. (BTI). The response of the three dosemeters at neutron energies exceeding 10 MeV was assessed with monoenergetic neutrons at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt facility (14.8 and 19 MeV). For the sake of completeness, data collected at lower energies are also included in this study. High-energy quasi-monoenergetic beams produced by the cyclotron facilities at the Universit Catholique de Louvain (UCL) and the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) were also utilised as part of this study. These measurements were made to better understand and help interpret dosemeter readings obtained by workers at high-energy accelerators, such as the 800 MeV spallation neutron source facility located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). C1 [Olsher, Richard H.; McLean, Thomas D.; Mallett, Michael W.; Romero, Leonard L.; Devine, Robert T.; Hoffman, Jeffrey M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp RP 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olsher, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp RP 2, MS J573, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dick@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm068 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400068 PM 17522036 ER PT J AU Kroc, TK Lennox, AJ AF Kroc, T. K. Lennox, A. J. TI Stability of A-150 plastic ionisation chamber response over a similar to 30-y period SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp AB At the Northern Illinois University Institute for Neutron Therapy at Fermilab, the clinical tissue-equivalent ionisation chamber response is measured every treatment day using a cesium source that was configured to match readings obtained at the National Bureau of Standards. Daily measurements are performed in air using the air-to-tissue dose conversion factors given in AAPM Report #7. The measured exposure calibration factors have been tabulated and graphed as a function of time from 1978 to present. For A-150 plastic ionisation chambers, these factors exhibit a sinusoidal variation with a period of similar to 1 y and amplitude of +/- 1%. This variation, attributable to the hygroscopic nature of A-150 plastic, is correlated with the relative humidity of the facility, and is greater than the humidity corrections for gas described in the literature. The data suggest that chamber calibration should be performed at least weekly to accommodate these variations. C1 [Kroc, T. K.; Lennox, A. J.] No Illinois Univ, Inst Neutron Therapy, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kroc, TK (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Inst Neutron Therapy, Fermilab, POB 500,MS 301, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kroc@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm126 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400128 PM 17502310 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Hertel, NE Lennox, A AF Wang, Z. Hertel, N. E. Lennox, A. TI Calibration of the borated ion chamber at NIST reactor thermal column SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN SP Swedish Res Council, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, Tech Univ Delft, Swedish Canc Soc, Swedish Radiat Protect Author, Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Swedish Nucl Technol Ctr, Forsmark Nucl Power Co, Ringhals Nucl Power Co, Synodys Instruments, Gammadata, IBA, Uppsala City, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp AB In boron neutron capture therapy and boron neutron capture enhanced fast neutron therapy, the absorbed dose of tissue due to the boron neutron capture reaction is difficult to measure directly. This dose can be computed from the measured thermal neutron fluence rate and the B-10 concentration at the site of interest. A borated tissue-equivalent (TE) ion chamber can be used to directly measure the boron dose in a phantom under irradiation by a neutron beam. Fermilab has two Exradin 0.5 cm(3) Spokas thimble TE ion chambers, one loaded with boron, available for such measurements. At the Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facility, these ion chambers are generally used with air as the filling gas. Since alpha particles and lithium ions from the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reactions have very short ranges in air, the Bragg-Gray principle may not be satisfied for the borated TE ion chamber. A calibration method is described in this paper for the determination of boron capture dose using paired ion chambers. The two TE ion chambers were calibrated in the thermal column of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) research reactor. The borated TE ion chamber is loaded with 1000 ppm of natural boron (184 ppm of B-10). The NIST thermal column has a cadmium ratio of greater than 400 as determined by gold activation. The thermal neutron fluence rate during the calibration was determined using a NIST fission chamber to an accuracy of 5.1%. The chambers were calibrated at two different thermal neutron fluence rates: 5.11 x 10(6) and 4.46 x 10(7) n cm(-2) s(-1). The non-borated ion chamber reading was used to subtract collected charge not due to boron neutron capture reactions. An optically thick lithium slab was used to attenuate the thermal neutrons from the neutron beam port so the responses of the chambers could be corrected for fast neutrons and gamma rays in the beam. The calibration factor of the borated ion chamber was determined to be 1.83 x 10(9) +/- 5.5% (+/- 1 sigma) n cm(-2) per nC at standard temperature and pressure condition. C1 [Lennox, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Wang, Z.; Hertel, N. E.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 1202, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM zlwang@mdanderson.org NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 626 EP 630 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm127 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 288PD UT WOS:000254997400129 PM 17525059 ER PT J AU Miller, G Riddell, AE Filipy, R Bertelli, L Little, T Guilmette, R AF Miller, G. Riddell, A. E. Filipy, R. Bertelli, L. Little, T. Guilmette, R. TI Worldwide bioassay data resources for plutonium/americium internal dosimetry studies SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Workshop on Individual Monitoring of Ionising Radiation (IM2005) CY APR 11-15, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, THERMO Fischer, GmbH Austria & Toshiba Europe Div Personal Comp ID TRANS-URANIUM REGISTRY; AUTOPSY TISSUE; WHOLE-BODY; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM AB Biokinetic models are the scientific underpinning of internal dosimetry and depend, ultimately, for their scientific validation on comparisons with human bioassay data. Three significant plutonium/americium bioassay databases, known to the authors, are described: (1) Sellafield, (2) Los Alamos and (3) the United States Transuranium Registry. A case is made for a uniform standard for database format, and the XML standard is discussed. C1 [Miller, G.; Bertelli, L.; Little, T.; Guilmette, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Riddell, A. E.] Westlakes Res Inst, Moor Row CA24 3LN, Cumbria, England. [Filipy, R.] Washington State Univ, US Transuranium & Uranium Reg, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, HSR-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guthrie@lanl.gov RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncm164 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 258CX UT WOS:000252847100117 PM 17337740 ER PT J AU Leggett, R Harrison, J Phipps, A AF Leggett, R. Harrison, J. Phipps, A. TI Reliability of the ICRP's dose coefficients for members of the public: IV. Basis of the human alimentary tract model and uncertainties in model predictions SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Review ID COLONIC TRANSIT-TIME; SMALL-INTESTINAL TRANSIT; ACID BREATH TEST; RADIONUCLIDE ESOPHAGEAL TRANSIT; GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES; SMALL-BOWEL TRANSIT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; PRETERM INFANTS; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION AB The biokinetic and dosimetric model of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract applied in current documents of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) was developed in the mid-1960s. The model was based on features of a reference adult male and was first used by the ICRP in Publication 30, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers (Part 1, 1979). In the late 1990s an ICRP task group was appointed to develop a biokinetic and dosimetric model of the alimentary tract that reflects updated information and addresses current needs in radiation protection. The new age-specific and gender-specific model, called the Human Alimentary Tract Model (HATM), has been completed and will replace the GI model of Publication 30 in upcoming ICRP documents. This paper discusses the basis for the structure and parameter values of the HATM, summarises the uncertainties associated with selected features and types of predictions of the HATM and examines the sensitivity of dose estimates to these uncertainties for selected radionuclides. Emphasis is on generic biokinetic features of the HATM, particularly transit times through the lumen of the alimentary tract, but key dosimetric features of the model are outlined, and the sensitivity of tissue dose estimates to uncertainties in dosimetric as well as biokinetic features of the HATM are examined for selected radionuclides. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. RP Leggett, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rwl@ornl.gov NR 102 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 EI 1742-3406 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 123 IS 2 BP 156 EP 170 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncl104 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 175IH UT WOS:000247006800005 PM 17062600 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Murphy, MK AF Miller, Steven D. Murphy, Mark K. TI Technical performance of the Luxel Al2O3 : C optically stimulated luminescence dosemeter element at radiation oncology and nuclear accident dose levels SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA DOSIMETRY; TIME; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; ALPHA-AL2O3-C; ACCURACY AB The dose ranges typical for radiation oncology and nuclear accident dosimetry are on the order of 2-70 Gy and 0.1-5 Gy, respectively. In terms of solid-state passive dosimetry, thermoluminescent (TL) materials historically have been used extensively for these two applications, with silver-halide, leuco-dye and BaFBr:Eu-based films being used on a more limited basis than TL for radiation oncology. This present work provides results on the performance of a film based on an aluminum oxide, Al2O3:C, for these dosimetry applications, using the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readout method. There have been few investigations of Al2O3:C performance at radiation oncology and nuclear accident dose levels, and these have included minimal dosimetric and environmental effects information. Based on investigations already published, the authors of this present study determined that overall improvements over film and TLDs for this Al2O3:C OSL technology at radiation oncology and nuclear accident dose levels may include (1) a more tissue-equivalent response to photons compared to X-ray film, (2) higher sensitivity, (3) ability to reread dosemeters and (4) diagnostic capability using small-area imaging. The results of the present investigation indicate that additional favourable performance characteristics for the Al2O3:C dosemeter are a wide dynamic range (0.001-100 Gy), a response insensitive to temperature and moisture over a wide range, negligible dose rate dependence, and minimal change in post-irradiation response. As a radiation detection medium, this OSL phosphor offers an assortment of dosimetry properties that will permit it to compete with current radiation detection technologies such as silver-halide, leuco-dye and photostimulable-phosphor-based films, as well as TLDs. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, MSIN K3-55,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steven.miller@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 123 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1093/rpd/ncl500 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 181XU UT WOS:000247470500004 PM 17164274 ER PT S AU Bora, D Beaumont, B Goulding, R Jacquinot, J Kobayashi, N Swain, D Tanga, A AF Bora, Dhiraj Beaumont, B. Goulding, R. Jacquinot, J. Kobayashi, N. Swain, D. Tanga, A. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI RF heating needs and plans for ITER SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc AB RF heating systems are required to deliver more than half of the total auxiliary power to operate ITER successfully through the different levels. To achieve this goal, systems in the range of ICRF, LHF and ECRF will be implemented for different tasks in different phases of operation. Power levels proposed to be used in different ranges will vary depending on the needs. Different mixes of power will depend on the physics needs of the experimental programmes. Lower Hybrid power of 20 MW at 5.0 GHz is not planned for the startup phase and therefore no procurement scheme exists at the present time. 20 MW will be delivered into the plasma at 40 to 55 MHz as well as at 170 GHz with the help of Ion Cyclotron Heating (ICH) and Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) systems respectively. All the heating systems will have the capability to operate in continuous mode. A dedicated ECH 3.0 M system at 127.6 GHz will be used for plasma breakdown and start up. Three equatorial ports along with four upper ports will house all the required launchers for delivering the power into plasma from the RF systems mentioned above. Upper port launchers will deliver power at desired locations from the ECH system to suppress the NTMs. Each of the systems will be procured under multi party procurement arrangements in kind from different Domestic Agencies (DA). Procurement packages are along functional specifications or detailed build to print drawings. Unsolved technical issues still prevail in the designs which need to be solved before the procurement packages (PP) are formalized. The level of completion of PP is to some extent is indicated by the unresolved issue cards that exist for a system. A Working Group (WG) for Heating and Current drive system has been formed under the Design Review activity of ITER Design. It is reviewing the existing design in the fight of the issue cards submitted for the systems. The WG then will give a design report for relevant systems to IO. Based on all the inputs, it is planned to fix a 2007 base line design for ITER systems consistent with the boundaries defined in the international agreement signed by the seven parties. Being multi party procurement activity, each of the systems has numerous interfaces among the subsystems and with other systems at large. Many of the essential requirements have not been well defined. Therefore, the present activity of the central team is focused on such interface issues and identification of R & D activities required to mature the designs for implementation. R & D activities will also try to focus on issues which will have effects on the operation scenarios that are currently being discussed. This present paper discusses the existing designs, issues related to them and the immediate 10 plans in the areas mentioned. C1 [Bora, Dhiraj; Beaumont, B.; Kobayashi, N.; Tanga, A.] ITER Org, Joint Work Site, Cadarache, France. [Goulding, R.; Swain, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Jacquinot, J.] CEA, Cabinet High Commissioner Atom Energy, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bora, D (reprint author), ITER Org, Joint Work Site, Cadarache, France. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 25 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300003 ER PT S AU Van Eester, D Lerche, E Mantica, P Marinoni, A Casati, A Ericsson, G Giacomelli, L Hellesen, C Hjalmarsson, A Kaellne, J Kiptily, V Sharapov, S Santala, M Biewer, TM Giroud, C Crombe, K Andrew, Y Ongena, J Joffrin, E Lomas, P Felton, R Imbeaux, F Ryter, F AF Van Eester, D. Lerche, E. Mantica, P. Marinoni, A. Casati, A. Ericsson, G. Giacomelli, L. Hellesen, C. Hjalmarsson, A. Kaellne, J. Kiptily, V. Sharapov, S. Santala, M. Biewer, T. M. Giroud, C. Crombe, K. Andrew, Y. Ongena, J. Joffrin, E. Lomas, P. Felton, R. Imbeaux, F. Ryter, F. CA JET EFDA Contributors BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Recent experimental results and modeling of RF heating of (He-3)-D JET plasmas: RF as a tool to study transport SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ICRH; RF heating; transport; ITB ID POWER MODULATION AB D plasmas with He-3 minorities have sharp, thin ion-ion hybrid layers that enable to efficiently excite short wavelength branches that are subsequently damped by fairly well localized electron Landau and TTMP absorption. Depending on the minority concentration chosen, ion minority heating or electron mode conversion damping is dominant. Recent experiments have been devoted to the study of (He-3)-D JET plasmas. One aspect of those experiments - using RF heating as a tool - is the study of the response of the plasma to RF power modulation, allowing to examine the fate of the RF power and to diagnose particle and energy transport The present paper gives a very brief summary of a subset of these experiments. The focus will largely but not exclusively be on understanding ITB physics. The adopted probing methods are more generally applicable, though. C1 [Van Eester, D.; Lerche, E.] TEC Partner, ERM KMS, Plasma Phys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. [Mantica, P.] EURATOM, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, ENEA, Milan, Italy. [Marinoni, A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Casati, A.; Imbeaux, F.] EURATOM, CEA, DRFC, Cadarache, France. [Ericsson, G.; Giacomelli, L.; Hellesen, C.; Hjalmarsson, A.; Kaellne, J.] Uppsala Univ, TSL, Uppsala, Sweden. [Kiptily, V.; Sharapov, S.; Santala, M.; Giroud, C.; Crombe, K.; Andrew, Y.; Lomas, P.; Felton, R.] EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Oxford, England. [Biewer, T. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ongena, J.] TEC Partner, KMS, ERM, Lab Plasma Phys, Brussels, Belgium. [Ryter, F.] IPP MPG, Garching, Germany. [JET EFDA Contributors] IAEA, Fus Energy, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Van Eester, D (reprint author), TEC Partner, ERM KMS, Plasma Phys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. RI Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 63 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300010 ER PT S AU Phillips, CK Bonoli, PT Hosea, JC Lin, Y Porkolab, M Valeo, EJ Wilson, JR Wright, JC Wukitch, SJ AF Phillips, C. K. Bonoli, P. T. Hosea, J. C. Lin, Y. Porkolab, M. Valeo, E. J. Wilson, J. R. Wright, J. C. Wukitch, S. J. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI ICRF heating with omega < omega(ci) in Alcator C-mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE RF heating; mode conversion; tokamaks ID WAVES AB The TORIC 2D full wave simulation code has been used to study the dynamics of waves with omega < omega(ci) everywhere for all ions in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. This potential heating regime can be accessed uniquely on C-Mod, because of its high magnetic field capability, B-T <= 8T, and variable ICRF source frequency, 40 - 80 MHz. The simulations indicate that the launched fast waves can mode convert to a short wavelength slow wave on The high field side of the discharge that damps primarily on electrons. The degree to which the mode converted wave penetrates into the core of the plasma is found to depend on the equilibrium density profile. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Phillips, CK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300016 ER PT S AU Choi, M Chan, VS Chu, MS Jeon, YM Lao, LL Li, G Pinsker, RI Ren, Q Turnbull, AD AF Choi, M. Chan, V. S. Chu, M. S. Jeon, Y. M. Lao, L. L. Li, G. Pinsker, R. I. Ren, Q. Turnbull, A. D. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Effect of energetic trapped particles produced by ICRF wave heating on sawtooth instability in the DIII-D tokamak SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE energetic ions; fast wave heating; sawtooth stabilization ID STABILIZATION; SIMULATION AB We evaluate the accuracy of the Porcelli sawtooth model using more realistic numerical models from the ORBIT-RF and GATO codes in DIII-D fast wave heating experiments. Simulation results confirm that the fast wave-induced energetic trapped particles may stabilize the sawtooth instability. The crucial kinetic stabilizing contribution strongly depends on both the experimentally reconstructed magnetic shear at the q = 1 surface and the calculated poloidal beta of energetic trapped particles inside the q = 1 surface. C1 [Choi, M.; Chan, V. S.; Chu, M. S.; Lao, L. L.; Pinsker, R. I.; Turnbull, A. D.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Jeon, Y. M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Li, G.; Ren, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. RP Choi, M (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02- 95ER54309, DE-AC05-76OR00033, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FG02- 95ER54309, DE-AC05-76OR00033, and DE-FC02-04ER54698. Special appreciation is given to Dr. M. Brambilla, P. Bonoli and J. Wright for providing the TORIC code. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300017 ER PT S AU Hosea, J Bell, R Bernabei, S Delgado-Aparicio, L LeBlanc, B Phillips, CK Ryan, P Sabbagh, S Tritz, K Wilgen, J Wilson, JR Yuh, H AF Hosea, J. Bell, R. Bernabei, S. Delgado-Aparicio, L. LeBlanc, B. Phillips, C. K. Ryan, P. Sabbagh, S. Tritz, K. Wilgen, J. Wilson, J. R. Yuh, H. CA The NSTX Team BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI HHFW heating efficiency on NSTX versus B-Phi and antenna K-parallel to SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE RF heating; electron energy and confinement time; spherical torus AB HHFW RF power delivered to the core plasma of NSTX is strongly reduced as the launched wavelength is increased - for B-Phi= 4.5kG, heating is similar to 1/2 as effective at k(Phi) = - 7m(-1) as at 14 m(-1) and similar to 1/10 as effective at - 3m(-1). Measured edge ion heating, attributable to parametric decay (PDI), increases with wavelength but not fast enough to account for the observed power loss. Surface fast waves (FW) may enhance both PDI and also losses in sheaths and structures around the machine - FW fields propagate closer to the wall with decreasing B-Phi and k(parallel to) (onset n(e). alpha B,x k(parallel to)(2)). A dramatic increase in core heating efficiency is observed at - 7m(-1) when B. is increased to 5.5 kG - central T, near 4 keV at P-RF = 2 MW. Also, the PDI losses are a weak function of B, and k(parallel to), whereas the far-field RF poloidal magnetic field (at 5.5 kG) increases a factor of similar to 3 when k(parallel to) is reduced from 14m(-1) to - 3m(-1), suggesting a large increase in wall/sheath power loss and a major effect of surface fast waves on edge losses. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hosea, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300020 ER PT S AU Fredrickson, ED Phillips, CK Hosea, J Wilson, JR Bonoli, P Gorelenkov, NN Wright, J Valeo, E AF Fredrickson, E. D. Phillips, C. K. Hosea, J. Wilson, J. R. Bonoli, P. Gorelenkov, N. N. Wright, J. Valeo, E. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Stochastic RF heating of thermal ions SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE stochastic heating ID DRIFT WAVES AB An idea for directly heating the thermal ion population with radio frequency waves at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency is proposed. This method would increase fusion efficiency by avoiding the lossy electron channel. C1 [Fredrickson, E. D.; Phillips, C. K.; Hosea, J.; Wilson, J. R.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Valeo, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bonoli, P.; Wright, J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-75CH03073] FX This work supported by U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC02-75CH03073 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 111 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300021 ER PT S AU Durodie, F Argouarch, A Barlow, I Blackman, T Caughman, J Dumortier, P Fanthome, J Goulding, R Graham, M Huygen, S Lamalle, PU Messiaen, AM Monakhov, I Nicholls, K Nightingale, M Vervier, M Vrancken, M AF Durodie, F. Argouarch, A. Barlow, I. Blackman, T. Caughman, J. Dumortier, P. Fanthome, J. Goulding, R. Graham, M. Huygen, S. Lamalle, P. U. Messiaen, A. M. Monakhov, I. Nicholls, K. Nightingale, M. Vervier, M. Vrancken, M. CA JET EFDA Contributors BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Report on the commissioning of the JET-EP ITER-Like ICRH antenna SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ICRH; ITER; JET-EP AB The paper summarizes the activities carried out and difficulties encountered assembling and testing the JET-EP ITER-like ICRH antenna. First results from low power as well as high power testing and commissioning activities are presented. C1 [Durodie, F.; Dumortier, P.; Huygen, S.; Lamalle, P. U.; Messiaen, A. M.; Vervier, M.; Vrancken, M.; JET EFDA Contributors] Royal Mil Acad, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Plasma Phys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. [Barlow, I.; Blackman, T.; Fanthome, J.; Graham, M.; Monakhov, I.; Nicholls, K.; Nightingale, M.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Caughman, J.; Goulding, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Argouarch, A.] CEN Cadarache, Assoc EURATOM CEA, DSM DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Durodie, F (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Plasma Phys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; EURATOM FX This work was carried out within the framework of the European Fusion Development Agreement. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. The work carried out by UKAEA personnel was jointly funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and EURATOM. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300025 ER PT S AU Vrancken, M Argouarch, A Blackman, T Dumortier, P Durodie, F Goulding, R Graham, M Huygen, S Lamalle, PU Messiaen, AM Nicholls, K Nightingale, M Vervier, M AF Vrancken, M. Argouarch, A. Blackman, T. Dumortier, P. Durodie, F. Goulding, R. Graham, M. Huygen, S. Lamalle, P. U. Messiaen, A. M. Nicholls, K. Nightingale, M. Vervier, M. CA JET-EFDA Contributors BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI RF measurements and Modeling from the JET-ITER like antenna testing SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ion cyclotron resonance frequency; impedance matching; feedback control AB The RF characteristics of the JET-ITER Like (JET-IL) antenna relevant for operation on plasma have been assessed using full wave three Dimensional (3D) electromagnetic CST (R) Microwave Studio (MWS) simulations, measurements of the full 8-port antenna strap array S/Z-matrix, and RF circuit modeling. These efforts are made in parallel with the high voltage testing of the antenna inside a vacuum tank and the hardware implementation of a RF (Radio Frequency) matching feedback control system prior to installation of the antenna on the JET tokamak. C1 [Vrancken, M.; Dumortier, P.; Durodie, F.; Huygen, S.; Lamalle, P. U.; Messiaen, A. M.; Vervier, M.] Ecole Royale Mil, Plasma Phys Lab, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Ave Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Argouarch, A.] CEN Cadarache Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Blackman, T.; Graham, M.; Nicholls, K.; Nightingale, M.] UKAEA, EURATOM Fus Assoc, Culham, England. [Goulding, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [JET-EFDA Contributors] Fus Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Vrancken, M (reprint author), Ecole Royale Mil, Plasma Phys Lab, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Ave Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM Mark.Vrancken@jet.uk FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; EURATOM FX This work was carried out within the framework of the European Fusion Development Agreement. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. The work carried out by UKAEA personnel was jointly funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and EURATOM. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 135 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300026 ER PT S AU Lamalle, PU Shannon, M Borthwick, A Brons, S Chuilon, B Dumortier, P Durodie, F Evrard, M Goulding, R Louche, F Messiaen, A Nightingale, M Swain, D Vervier, M AF Lamalle, P. U. Shannon, M. Borthwick, A. Brons, S. Chuilon, B. Dumortier, P. Durodie, F. Evrard, M. Goulding, R. Louche, F. Messiaen, A. Nightingale, M. Swain, D. Vervier, M. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Status of the ITER ICRF system design - 'Externally Matched' approach SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency; ICRF; antenna array; load-resilient impedance matching; ITER AB The design of the ITER ICRF system has been under revision for several years. The paper presents the status of the design proposal based on a 24 strap antenna plug (6 poloidal by 4 toroidal short radiating conductors) in which the straps are passively combined in 8 poloidal triplets by means of 4-port junctions. These triplets are connected in parallel pairwise through matching elements to form 4 load-resilient conjugate-T circuits. All adjustable matching elements are located outside the plug, i.e. in the ITER port cell and in the generator area. C1 [Lamalle, P. U.; Dumortier, P.; Durodie, F.; Evrard, M.; Louche, F.; Messiaen, A.; Vervier, M.] Royal Mil Acad, Plasma Phys Lab, TEC, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Shannon, M.; Borthwick, A.; Chuilon, B.; Nightingale, M.] UKAEA, EURATOM Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Brons, S.] FOM IPP Rijnhuizen, Assoc EURATOM-FOM, Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Goulding, R.; Swain, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lamalle, PU (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, Plasma Phys Lab, TEC, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. FU UK EPSRC; EURATOM FX This work was carried out within the EFDA under Task TW5-TPHI-ITERDES, and was partly funded by the UK EPSRC and EURATOM. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 159 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300032 ER PT S AU Baity, FW Goulding, RH Pinsker, RI AF Baity, F. W. Goulding, R. H. Pinsker, R. I. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI A method of tuning resonant loops SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE radiofrequency heating; DIII-D AB A convenient method of tuning resonant loops has been developed for use on the Long-Pulse Fast Wave Current Drive antennas on DIII-D. These 4-element antennas are fed from a single RF source, with a 90 degrees hybrid junction feeding two resonant loops. Each resonant loop connects a pair of non-adjacent current straps, and a decoupler allows independent impedance matching of each output leg of the hybrid junction. The tuning method involves only measurement of the reflection coefficient of each resonant loop and the transmission from one loop to the other. It will be shown that this method of tuning equalizes the currents in all four current straps and 90 degrees phasing between adjacent elements. C1 [Baity, F. W.; Goulding, R. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pinsker, R. I.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Baity, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 191 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300040 ER PT S AU Caughman, JBO Castano-Giraldo, C Aghazarian, M Baipy, FW Rasmussen, DA Ruzic, DN AF Caughman, J. B. O. Castano-Giraldo, C. Aghazarian, M. Baipy, F. W. Rasmussen, D. A. Ruzic, D. N. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Study of RF breakdown mechanisms relevant to an ICH antenna environment SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc AB The mechanisms that contribute to RF breakdown/arcing in an antenna environment are being studied. RF breakdown/arcing is a major power-limiting factor in antenna systems used for RF heating and current drive in fusion experiments. The factors that contribute to breakdown include gas pressure, gas type, magnetic field, materials, ultraviolet light and local plasma density. The effects of these factors on RF breakdown are being studied in a resonant 1/4-wavelength section of vacuum transmission line terminated with an open circuit electrode structure. The electrode structure is designed to determine the role of the RF electric field strength and magnetic field orientation on the breakdown process. Changes in the electrical parameters, such as input impedance and the voltage at the electrodes, are being monitored to detect the breakdown events. Measurements of the light emission prior to and during an arc are also being made. For high vacuum conditions using copper electrodes, bright spots appear on the electrode surfaces prior to a breakdown event. An increase in the RF field results in an are and a flash of light corresponding to copper line emission (578.2 or 521.8 nm). Analysis of the electrode surfaces show large areas of melting and formation of micron-sized rounded protrusions, especially along the sharp edges of small scratches. An increase in the chamber pressure results in a decrease in the maximum RF electric field that can be sustained without breakdown as the pressure approaches a few mTorr. The breakdown event leads to formation of a plasma in the structure, with light emission corresponding to the particular gas being used. The addition of an external magnetic field causes the formation of a plasma at lower pressures, thus limiting the amount of coupled RF power. The presence of UV light has been found to initiate multipactor under some operating conditions. C1 [Caughman, J. B. O.; Baipy, F. W.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Castano-Giraldo, C.; Aghazarian, M.; Ruzic, D. N.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. RP Caughman, JBO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 195 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300041 ER PT S AU D'Ippolito, DA Myra, JR Jaeger, EF Berry, LA AF D'Ippolito, D. A. Myra, J. R. Jaeger, E. F. Berry, L. A. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Far field sheaths due to fast waves incident on material boundaries SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ICRF; sheath BC; sheath plasma waves; far field sheaths; heating efficiency ID ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; PLASMA; FREQUENCIES AB The problem of far-field sheath formation is studied with a new quantitative ID model. These sheaths occur when unabsorbed fast waves (FW) are incident on a conducting surface not aligned with a flux surface. Use of a nonlinear sheath BC gives self-consistent solutions for the wave fields and sheath, and incorporates a sheath plasma wave (SPW) resonance which enhances the sheath potential. The model is applied to edge fields computed by the AORSA-1D full-wave code for a typical D(H) minority heating scenario. This work indicates the conditions under which far-field sheaths can explain some of the "missing power" (low heating efficiency) and rf-specific impurity generation in ICRF experiments. C1 [D'Ippolito, D. A.; Myra, J. R.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Jaeger, E. F.; Berry, L. A.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP D'Ippolito, DA (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 223 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300047 ER PT S AU Wilson, JR Bernabei, S Bonoli, P Hubbard, A Parker, R Schmidt, A Wallace, G Wright, J AF Wilson, J. R. Bernabei, S. Bonoli, P. Hubbard, A. Parker, R. Schmidt, A. Wallace, G. Wright, J. CA Alcator C-Mod Team BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Lower hybrid current drive experiments in aleator C-MOD SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE lower hybrid current drive; tokomak; rf heating ID PLASMAS AB A Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system has been installed on the Alcator C-MOD tokamak at MIT. Twelve klystrons at 4.6 GHz feed a 4x22 waveguide array. This system was designed for maximum flexibility in the launched parallel wave-number spectrum. This flexibility allows tailoring of the lower hybrid deposition under a variety of plasma conditions. Power levels up to 900 kW have been injected into the tokomak. The parallel wave number has been varied over a wide range, n(||) similar to 1.64. Driven currents have been inferred from magnetic measurements by extrapolating to zero loop voltage and by direct comparison to Fisch-Kamey theory, yielding an efficiency of n(20)IR/P similar to 0.3. Modeling using the CQL3D code supports these efficiencies. Sawtooth oscillations vanish, accompanied with peaking of the electron temperature (T-e0 rises from 2.8 to 3.8 keV). Central q is inferred to rise above unity from the collapse of the sawtooth inversion radius, indicating off-axis cd as expected. Measurements of non-thermal x-ray and electron cyclotron emission confirm the presence of a significant fast electron population that varies with phase and plasma density. The x-ray emission is observed to be radialy broader than that predicted by simple ray tracing codes. Possible explanations for this broader emission include fast electron diffusion or broader deposition than simple ray tracing predictions (perhaps due to diffractive effects). C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 269 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300055 ER PT S AU Schmidt, AE Bonoli, PT Hubbard, AE Liptac, J Parker, RR Wallace, GM Wilson, JR Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP AF Schmidt, A. E. Bonoli, P. T. Hubbard, A. E. Liptac, J. Parker, R. R. Wallace, G. M. Wilson, J. R. Harvey, R. W. Smirnov, A. P. CA Alcator C-Mod Team BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Measurements and modeling of x-ray and ECE spectra during LHCD experiments on Alcator C-Mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE LHCD; lower hybrid current drive; CQL3D; Bremsstrahlung; x-ray; nonthermal emission; ECE; electron cyclotron emission AB Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) has been demonstrated on Alcator C-Mod. The LH-driven fast electrons can be detected through hard x-ray Bremsstrahlung emission as well as relativistically downshifted electron cyclotron emission (ECE). C-Mod has a hard x-ray camera with 32 chords(1), as well as several outboard midplane ECE diagnostics. CQL3D/GENRAY(2) is a modeling package that employs a 3-D Fokker-Planck solver to compute steady-state distribution functions for a given LH N-|| spectrum and plasma. It also can perform self-consistent synthetic diagnostic calculations. LH phase and power scans have been carried out. Fast electron diffusion time can be inferred from x-ray data. Experimental measurements are compared with synthetic diagnostic modeling to see how changes in phasing and power affect current profile control and to benchmark CQL3D in ITER-relevant regimes. This work is supported by the US DOE awards DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-AC02-76CH03073. C1 [Schmidt, A. E.; Bonoli, P. T.; Hubbard, A. E.; Liptac, J.; Parker, R. R.; Wallace, G. M.] MIT, PSFC, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NW 16, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.; Alcator C-Mod Team] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. RP Schmidt, AE (reprint author), MIT, PSFC, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NW 16, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 281 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300057 ER PT S AU Wright, JC Bonoli, PT Brambilla, M Phillips, CK Valeo, E AF Wright, J. C. Bonoli, P. T. Brambilla, M. Phillips, C. K. Valeo, E. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Full-wave electromagnetic field simulations of lower hybrid waves in Tokamaks SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE lowerhybrid; fullwave ID PLASMA AB Alcator C-Mod is similar in density, field, and plasma shape to ITER and consequently, the lower hybrid (LH) wave dispersion is very similar. The differences in temperature between the two devices do affect the relation between n(||) and the location at which damping occurs. Even with a parallel code, LH on ITER is a petascale problem requiring on the order of 100 000 processor cores and 10 000 poloidal modes to complete in one hour. Alcator C-Mod is 1/10th the scale of ITER requiring 1000 times less computation and simulations of LH in this machine have required on the order of 1000 cpu-hours. Therefore, we focus on analysis of full-wave physics effects in LH propagation in Alcator C-Mod using the LH version of the TORIC code [J. C. Wright et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2473 (2004)] and contrast those results with ray tracing calculations. Non-Maxwellian effects through development of the quasilinear plateau also play a role and both codes have a generalized dielectric using numerically calculated distributions [Valeo in this proceedings] to incorporate this effect. We will discuss issues of resolution requirements, algorithm improvements, and convergence as well, and speculate on further changes to the algorithms that may enable simulations of ITER with less than petascale requirements. C1 [Wright, J. C.; Bonoli, P. T.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Brambilla, M.] Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. [Phillips, C. K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Lodester Res Corp, Boulder, CO USA. ATK Miss Res Corp, Newington, VA USA. RP Wright, JC (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX All simulation presented in this paper were performed on the MIT-PSFC Marshall theory cluster. Research sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 285 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300058 ER PT S AU Valeo, EJ Phillips, CK Bonoli, PT Wright, IC Brambilla, M AF Valeo, E. J. Phillips, C. K. Bonoli, P. T. Wright, I. C. Brambilla, M. CA RF SciDAC Team BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Full-wave Simulations of LH wave propagation in toroidal plasma with non-Maxwellian electron distributions SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE simulation; rf heating; current drive ID HYBRID CURRENT DRIVE AB The generation of energetic tails in the electron distribution function is intrinsic to lower-hybrid (LH) heating and current drive in weakly collisional magnetically confined plasma. The effects of these deformations on the RF deposition profile have previously been examined within the ray approximation [1, 2]. Recently, the calculation of full-wave propagation of LH waves in a thermal plasma [3] has been accomplished using an adaptation of the TORIC [4] code. Here, initial results are presented from TORIC simulations of LH propagation in a toroidal plasma with non-thermal electrons. The required efficient computation of the hot plasma dielectric tensor is accomplished using a technique previously demonstrated in full-wave simulations of ICRF propagation in plasma with non-thermal ions [5]. C1 [Valeo, E. J.; Phillips, C. K.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bonoli, P. T.; Wright, I. C.] MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Brambilla, M.] Max Plank Inst Fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany. RP Valeo, EJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 297 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300061 ER PT S AU Carlsson, J Smithe, D Carter, M Burke, D Kaufman, M Goetz, J AF Carlsson, J. Smithe, D. Carter, M. Burke, D. Kaufman, M. Goetz, J. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Simulations of LH coupling in the Madison symmetric torus reversed field pinch SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE LH simulation; LH coupling; interdigital line; RFP; MST AB Simulations using several codes are being performed in support of the LH experiment in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) Reversed Field Pinch (RFP). Due to the special requirements of the MST RFP configuration (tight-fitting conducting shell in which only minimal portholes can be tolerated), a novel interdigital line slow-wave launch structure is used, mounted below the mid plane on the inboard side. The unusual configuration made it necessary to modify the main RF coupling code, RANT3D/AORSAlD-H, which was primarily developed for tokamak simulations. Preliminary results will be presented. C1 [Carlsson, J.; Smithe, D.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Carter, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 14759 USA. [Burke, D.; Kaufman, M.; Goetz, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Carlsson, J (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Carlsson, Johan/0000-0003-4614-8150 FU United States Department of Energy FX This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 305 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300063 ER PT S AU Diem, SJ Taylor, G Caughman, JB Bigelow, T Garstka, GD Harvey, RW LeBlanc, BP Preinhaelter, J Sabbagh, SA Urban, J Wilgen, JB AF Diem, S. J. Taylor, G. Caughman, J. B. Bigelow, T. Garstka, G. D. Harvey, R. W. LeBlanc, B. P. Preinhaelter, J. Sabbagh, S. A. Urban, J. Wilgen, J. B. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Electron Bernstein wave research on NSTX and PEGASUS SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE electron Bernstein waves; spherical torus; NSTX; Pegasus ID SPHERICAL TORUS PLASMAS; MODE AB Spherical tokamaks (STs) routinely operate in the overdense regime (omega(pe)>>Omega(ce)), prohibiting the use of standard ECCD and ECRH. However, the electrostatic electron Bernstein wave (EBW) can propagate in the overdense regime and is strongly absorbed and emitted at the electron cyclotron resonances. As such, EBWs offer the potential for local electron temperature measurements and local electron heating and current drive. A critical challenge for these applications is to establish efficient coupling between the EBWs and electromagnetic waves outside the cutoff layer. Two STs in the U.S., the National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX, at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory) and PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment (University of Wisconsin-Madison) are focused on studying EBWs for heating and current drive. On NSTX, two remotely steered, quad-ridged antennas have been installed to measure 8-40 GHz (fundamental, second and third harmonics) thermal EBW emission (EBE) via the oblique B-X-O mode conversion process. This diagnostic has been successfully used to map the EBW mode conversion efficiency as a function of poloidal and toroidal angles on NSTX. Experimentally measured mode conversion efficiencies of 70 +/- 20% have been measured for 15.5 GHz (fundamental) emission in L-mode discharges, in agreement with a numerical EBE simulation. However, much lower mode conversion efficiencies of 25 +/- 10% have been measured for 25 GHz (second harmonic) emission in L-mode plasmas. Numerical modeling of EBW propagation and damping on the very-low aspect ratio PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment has been performed using the GENRAY ray-tracing code and CQL3D Fokker-Planck code in support of planned EBW heating and current drive (EBWCD) experiments. Calculations were performed for 2.45 GHZ waves launched with a 10 cm poloidal extent for a variety of plasma equilibrium configurations. Poloidal launch scans show that driven current is maximum when the poloidal launch angle is between 10 and 25 degrees, supporting a launcher placed near the midplane. Current was driven on axis primarily via the Fisch-Boozer mechanism. The PEGASUS experiment provides an attractive opportunity to investigate EBW heating and current drive physics at the fundamental electron cyclotron frequency in an ST plasma, and will complement the EBW research planned for NSTX. C1 [Diem, S. J.; Taylor, G.; LeBlanc, B. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Caughman, J. B.; Bigelow, T.; Wilgen, J. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 14759 USA. [Garstka, G. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, San Diego, CA 92067 USA. [Preinhaelter, J.; Urban, J.] Czech Inst Plasma Phys, Rez, Czech Republic. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Diem, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Preinhaelter, Josef/H-1394-2014; Urban, Jakub/B-5541-2008; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Urban, Jakub/0000-0002-1796-3597; Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG02-96ER54375] FX This work is supported by United States Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76CH03073, U.S. D.O.E. Grant DE-FG02-96ER54375, and a grant to encourage innovations in fusion diagnostic systems. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 331 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300068 ER PT S AU Taylor, G Bigelow, TS Caughman, JB Diem, SJ Ellis, RA Ershov, NM Fredd, EH Greenough, NL Harvey, RW Hosea, JC Preinhaelter, J Ram, AK Rasmussen, DA Ryan, PM Smirnov, AP Urban, J Wilgen, JB AF Taylor, G. Bigelow, T. S. Caughman, J. B. Diem, S. J. Ellis, R. A. Ershov, N. M. Fredd, E. H. Greenough, N. L. Harvey, R. W. Hosea, J. C. Preinhaelter, J. Ram, A. K. Rasmussen, D. A. Ryan, P. M. Smirnov, A. P. Urban, J. Wilgen, J. B. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Plans for electron Bernstein wave and electron cyclotron heating in NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE spherical tokamaks; electron Bernstein wave; electron cyclotron ID PLASMA; EXPLORATION AB A 200 M 28 GHz system for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and electron Bernstein wave heating (EBWH) is being installed on NSTX to assist solenoid-free startup, high harmonic fast wave heated current ramp up, and to support initial EBW coupling and heating studies. This system will provide on-axis second harmonic ECH/EBWH in NSTX. Fundamental on-axis heating may also be possible at 15.3 GHz by operating the gyrotron in a lower order TE01 cavity mode. Sufficient power supply capability will be provided to provide up to 1 MW of gyrotron power for future proof-of-principle EBWH experiments on NSTX. Initial modeling of an NSTX startup discharge with 28 GHz ECH is presented. C1 [Taylor, G.; Diem, S. J.; Ellis, R. A.; Fredd, E. H.; Greenough, N. L.; Hosea, J. C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bigelow, T. S.; Caughman, J. B.; Rasmussen, D. A.; Ryan, P. M.; Wilgen, J. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ershov, N. M.; Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.] CompX, Delmar, CA 92014 USA. [Preinhaelter, J.; Urban, J.] Inst Plasma Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Ram, A. K.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Ershov, Nikolay/E-4162-2013; Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014; Preinhaelter, Josef/H-1394-2014; Urban, Jakub/B-5541-2008; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Urban, Jakub/0000-0002-1796-3597; Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG02-91ER-54109, DE-FG03-02ER54684, DE-FG02-99ER-54521] FX This work is supported by US Department of Energy contract nos. DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG02-91ER-54109, DE-FG03-02ER54684, DE-FG02-99ER-54521. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 339 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300069 ER PT S AU Fernandez, A Caughman, J Cappa, A Castejon, F Tereshchenko, M AF Fernandez, A. Caughman, J. Cappa, A. Castejon, F. Tereshchenko, M. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI The electron bernstein waves heating project in the TJ-II stellarator SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE stellarator; heating; EC waves; Bernstein modes AB TJ-II is a middle sized flexible Heliac operating in Madrid, whose plasmas are created and heated by ECRH via two 300 kW gyrotrons at second harmonic X-mode (53.2 GHz). Neutral beam injection is used for second phase heating. Since the cut off density for the 2 nd harmonic X-mode (n(c)=1.7 x 10(19) m(-3)) is reached during NBI, EBWs are considered both for providing additional heating after NBI switch on and to perform kinetic studies in high-density plasmas. Previous work has shown that the most suitable scheme for launching EBWs in TJ-II is O-X-B mode conversion, which has acceptable heating efficiency for central densities above 1.2 x 10(19) m(-3), with an operating frequency of 28 GHz. In this work, the most relevant theoretical calculations are presented, including the relativistic effects both in ray trajectory and absorption, as well as the results of the optimization of the beam parameters that provide the maximum O-X conversion efficiency at the critical layer. A system based on a 28 GHz-100ms diode gyrotron will be used to deliver 300 kW through a corrugated waveguide. The microwave beam is directed and focused by a steerable mirror located inside the vacuum vessel. A diagnostic for measuring the EBW emission has been designed and tested on the bench. It uses a section of corrugated waveguide and a glass lens to focus the emission from the plasma into the aperture of a dual polarized quad-ridged horn. It will allow us to determine the EBW mode conversion efficiency, and also provides an indication of the electron temperature evolution in overdense plasmas. C1 [Fernandez, A.; Cappa, A.; Castejon, F.] CIEMAT, Lab Nucl Fus, Avda Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Caughman, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Tereshchenko, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Gen Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Fernandez, A (reprint author), CIEMAT, Lab Nucl Fus, Avda Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Tereshchenko, Maxim/E-9729-2013; Castejon, Francisco/L-7341-2014; Cappa, Alvaro/C-5614-2017 OI Tereshchenko, Maxim/0000-0001-7209-1237; Castejon, Francisco/0000-0002-4654-0542; Cappa, Alvaro/0000-0002-2250-9209 FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia [ENE2004-06957] FX This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia under the project ENE2004-06957. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 351 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300072 ER PT S AU Petty, CC Austin, ME Harvey, RW Lohr, J Luce, TC Makowski, MA Prater, R AF Petty, C. C. Austin, M. E. Harvey, R-W. Lohr, J. Luce, T. C. Makowski, M. A. Prater, R. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Electron cyclotron current drive at high electron temperature on DIII-D SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ECCD; non-inductive current drive; transport ID COMPLETE SUPPRESSION AB Experiments on DIII-D have measured the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency for co- and counter-injection in low density plasmas with radiation temperatures from electron cyclotron emission (ECE) above 20 keV. The radiation temperature is generally higher than the Thomson scattering temperature, indicating that there is a significant population of nonthermal electrons. The experimental ECCD profile measured with motional Stark effect (MSE) polarimetry is found to agree with quasi-linear theory except for the highest power density cases (QEC/n(e)(2)>> 1). Radial transport of the energetic electrons with diffusion coefficients of similar to 0.4 in m(2)/s is needed to model the broadened ECCD profile at high power density. C1 [Austin, M. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Harvey, R-W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG03-97ER54415, DE-FG03-99ER54541, W-7405-ENG-48] FX This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG03-97ER54415, DE-FG03-99ER54541, and W-7405-ENG-48. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 397 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300079 ER PT S AU Kobayashi, N Bigelow, T Bonicelli, T Cirant, S Denisov, G Heidinger, R Henderson, M Hogge, JP Piosczyk, B Ramponi, G Rao, SL Rasmussen, D Saibene, G Sakamoto, K Takahashi, K Temkin, RJ Thumm, M Tran, MQ Verhoeven, AGA Zohm, H AF Kobayashi, N. Bigelow, T. Bonicelli, T. Cirant, S. Denisov, G. Heidinger, R. Henderson, M. Hogge, J. -P. Piosczyk, B. Ramponi, G. Rao, S. L. Rasmussen, D. Saibene, G. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, K. Temkin, R. J. Thumm, M. Tran, M. Q. Verhoeven, A. G. A. Zohm, H. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Design of electron cyclotron heating and current drive system of ITER SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE ECH; ITER; fusion; plasma heating; launcher; gyrotron AB Since the end of EDA, the design of the Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (ECH&CD) system has been modified to respond to progress in physics understanding and change of interface conditions. Nominal RF power of 20 MW is shared by four upper launchers or one equatorial launcher RF beams are steered by front steering mirrors providing wide sweeping angle for the RF beam. DC high voltage power supply may be composed of IGBT pulse step modulators because of high frequency modulation and design flexibility to three different types of 170GHz gyrotrons provided by three parties. The RF power from the 170GHz gyrotron is transmitted to the launcher by 63.5mm phi corrugated waveguide line and remotely switched by a waveguide switch between the upper launcher and the equatorial launcher. The ECH&CD system has also a start-up sub-system for assist of initial discharge composed of three 127.5GHz gyrotrons and a dedicated DC high voltage power supply. Three of transmission lines are shared between 170GHz gyrotron and 127.5GHz gyrotron so as to inject RF beam for the start-up through the equatorial launcher. R&Ds of components for high power long pulse and mirror steering mechanism have been on-going in the parties to establish a reliable ITER ECH&CD system. C1 [Kobayashi, N.] ITER, Cadarache, France. [Bonicelli, T.; Ramponi, G.; Saibene, G.] EFDA, Garching, Germany. [Cirant, S.] ENEA CNR, Milan, Italy. [Denisov, G.] LAP, RF, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Heidinger, R.; Piosczyk, B.] FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Henderson, M.; Hogge, J. -P.; Tran, M. Q.] CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Rao, S. L.] IPR, Bhat, India. [Bigelow, T.; Rasmussen, D.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.] JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. [Temkin, R. J.] MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Verhoeven, A. G. A.] IPP, FOM, Rijnhuizen, Netherlands. [Zohm, H.] IPP, MPI, Garching, Germany. RP Kobayashi, N (reprint author), ITER, Cadarache, France. RI Hogge, Jean-Philippe/D-4143-2014 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 413 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300082 ER PT S AU Bonoli, PT Batchelor, DB Berry, LA Choi, M D'Ippolito, DA Harvey, RW Jaeger, EF Myra, JR Phillips, CK Smithe, DN Valeo, E Wright, JC Brambilla, M Bilato, R Lancellotti, V Maggiora, R AF Bonoli, P. T. Batchelor, D. B. Berry, L. A. Choi, M. D'Ippolito, D. A. Harvey, R-W. Jaeger, E. F. Myra, J. R. Phillips, C. K. Smithe, D. N. Valeo, E. Wright, J. C. Brambilla, M. Bilato, R. Lancellotti, V. Maggiora, R. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Physics research in the SciDAC center for wave-plasma interactions SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE plasma simulation; plasma waves ID CYCLOTRON; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; ANTENNAS; TOKAMAK AB This paper describes physics research on wave-plasma interactions in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and the lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) that takes advantage of advances in large scale computation as well as applied mathematics expertise. A combined Fokker-Planck and full-wave solver is used to simulate the interaction of ICRF waves with nonthermal ions generated by the wave itself, with fast ions from neutral beam injection (NBI), and with alpha particles from fusion processes. Finite ion drift orbit effects are included in this analysis through the use of a Monte Carlo approach. Models for simulating the linear and nonlinear interaction of an ICRF antenna with the tenuous edge plasma are also described. Finally we describe advances that have been made to perform a combined full-wave and Fokker Planck analysis of nonthermal electrons during LH current drive. C1 [Bonoli, P. T.] PSFC MIT, Turin, Italy. ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Choi, M.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bonoli, PT (reprint author), PSFC MIT, Turin, Italy. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 435 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300087 ER PT S AU Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Harvey, RW Phillips, CK Myra, JR Smithe, DN Batchelor, DB Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Choi, M D'Azevedo, E D'Ippolito, DA Valeo, EJ Wright, JC AF Jaeger, E. F. Berry, L. A. Harvey, R. W. Phillips, C. K. Myra, J. R. Smithe, D. N. Batchelor, D. B. Bonoli, P. T. Carter, M. D. Choi, M. D'Azevedo, E. D'Ippolito, D. A. Valeo, E. J. Wright, J. C. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Quasilinear evolution of multiple non-thermal ion distributions in ICRF heating SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE full-wave; ICRF heating; fokker-planck; plasma simulation AB Self-consistent full-wave and Fokker-Planck simulations of wave heating in tokamaks have been generalized to include multiple energetic ion populations. To simplify the problem, it is assumed that, because of their low densities, the individual ion tails do not interact with each other in the Fokker-Planck solution. They do, however, interact self-consistently in the wave solution. Preliminary results are presented for DIII-D at 60 MHz and 116 MHz. C1 [Jaeger, E. F.; Berry, L. A.; Batchelor, D. B.; Carter, M. D.; Choi, M.; D'Azevedo, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Phillips, C. K.; Valeo, E. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Myra, J. R.; D'Ippolito, D. A.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Smithe, D. N.] Tech X corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bonoli, P. T.; Wright, J. C.] MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Choi, M.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU SciDAC; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC-5-00OR22725]; National Center for Computational Sciences ,Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was sponsored by SciDAC and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-5-00OR22725. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 443 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300088 ER PT S AU Brizard, AJ Kaufman, AN Tracy, ER AF Brizard, A. J. Kaufman, A. N. Tracy, E. R. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Extended Budden problem associated with an energetic-particle population SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE mode conversion; energetic particles; Budden problem ID MODE CONVERSION AB The main motivation for this work is to investigate what new effects are introduced in standard heating and/or current-drive scenarios when a non-Maxwellian population of energetic particles (e.g., fusion alphas) is taken into account. In particular, we investigate how energy from a wave supported by a population of energetic particles can be transferred to a bulk-ion wave through the intermediary of a magnetosonic wave. To investigate this process, we construct an extended Budden three-wave model that allows recirculation of energy fluxes in ray phase space. The calculations of the transmission, reflection, and conversion coefficients in this modified Budden problem make use of the modular eikonal approach. C1 [Brizard, A. J.] St Michaels Coll, Dept Phys, Colchester, VT USA. [Kaufman, A. N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UCB, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. [Tracy, E. R.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Brizard, AJ (reprint author), St Michaels Coll, Dept Phys, Colchester, VT USA. EM abrizard@smcvt.edu; ankaufman@lbl.gov; ertrac@wm.edu OI Brizard, Alain/0000-0002-0192-6273 FU US DoE Ofiice of Fusion Energy [DE-AC03-76SFOO098] FX This research was supported by the US DoE Ofiice of Fusion Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SFOO098. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300090 ER PT S AU Tracy, ER Kaufman, AN Fichardson, AS Zobin, N AF Tracy, E. R. Kaufman, A. N. Fichardson, A. S. Zobin, N. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI A new normal form for multidimensional mode conversion SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE mode conversion; multidimensions; WKB AB Linear conversion occurs when two wave types, with distinct polarization and dispersion characteristics, are locally resonant in a nonuniform plasma [1]. In recent work, we have shown how to incorporate a ray-based (WKB) approach to mode conversion in numerical algorithms [2,3]. The method uses the ray geometry in the conversion region to guide the reduction of the full N x N -system of wave equations to a 2 x 2 coupled pair which can be solved and matched to the incoming and outgoing WKB solutions. The algorithm in [2] assumes the ray geometry is hyperbolic and that, in my phase space, there is an 'avoided crossing', which is the most common type of conversion. Here, we present a new formulation that can deal with more general types of conversion [4]. This formalism is based upon the fact (first proved in [5]) that it is always possible to put the 2 x 2 wave equation into a 'normal' form, such that the diagonal elements of the dispersion matrix Poisson-commute with the off-diagonals (at leading order). Therefore, if we use the diagonals (rather than the eigenvalues or the determinant) of the dispersion matrix as ray Hamiltonians, the off-diagonals will be conserved quantities. When cast into normal form, the 2 x 2 dispersion matrix has a very natural physical interpretation: the diagonals are the uncoupled my hamiltonians and the off-diagonals are the coupling. We discuss how to incorporate the normal form into ray tracing algorithms. C1 [Tracy, E. R.; Fichardson, A. S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Kaufman, A. N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zobin, N.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Math, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Tracy, ER (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. FU US NSF-DOE; US DOE Office of Fusion Energy FX This research was supported by the US NSF-DOE Partnership in basic Palsma Physic and the US DOE Office of Fusion Energy. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 463 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300093 ER PT S AU Richardson, AS Tracy, ER Kaufman, AN AF Richardson, A. S. Tracy, E. R. Kaufman, A. N. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Higher order corrections to resonant mode conversion SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE mode conversion; ray tracing; phase space; metaplectic transformation AB In previous work [1,2] it was shown that phase space ray-tracing techniques can be used to solve wave problems exhibiting mode conversion. In the vicinity of a mode conversion, the two roots of the dispersion relation det(D)=0 (where D(x,k) is the symbol of the dispersion matrix) have a hyperbolic structure. Linearizing the (x,k)-dependence of the dispersion matrix about the center of the hyperbola, and converting this linearized symbol back to an operator, gives a set of coupled equations which can be solved for the local wave fields. Matching these local solutions onto uncoupled WKB far-field solutions gives transmission and conversion coefficients for the incoming and outgoing waves. These coefficients can be used to treat the mode conversion as a ray-splitting process, where amplitude on the incoming ray is split onto the two types of outgoing rays. In this work, we study the effects of higher order terms in the dispersion matrix near a mode conversion. It is shown that the corrections due to these higher order terms gives a better matching between the local solution in the mode conversion region and the far-field WKB solutions for the incoming and outgoing waves. This matching is demonstrated by comparison of the asymptotic solution with a numerical solution for a simple one-dimensional conversion. C1 [Richardson, A. S.; Tracy, E. R.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Kaufman, A. N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, AS (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. FU US NSF-DOE; US DOE Office of Fusion Energy FX This research was supported by the US NSF-DOE Partnership in basic Plasma Physics and the US DOE Office of Fusion Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 467 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300094 ER PT S AU Qin, H Phillips, CK Kolesnikov, RA Lee, WWL Valeo, EJ Smithe, DN AF Qin, Hong Phillips, Cynthia K. Kolesnikov, Roman A. Lee, W. Wei-Li Valeo, Ernest J. Smithe, David N. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Gyrocenter gauge theory and algorithm for nonlinear particle simulations of radio-frequency waves in plasmas SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc ID GYROKINETIC THEORY AB A gyrocenter gauge theory that can be applied as an efficient numerical algorithm to simulate the physical processes of plasma heating and current drive with radio-frequency waves is developed. All the waves supported by the Vlasov-Maxwell system can be studied using the gyrocenter gauge model in the gyrocenter coordinates. Besides the usual gyrokinetic distribution function, the gyrocenter gauge theory emphasizes as well the gyrocenter gauge distribution function, whose importance has not been realized previously. The gyrocenter gauge distribution function enters Maxwell's equations through the pullback transformation of the gyrocenter transformation, which depends on the perturbed fields. This theoretical formalism enables the direct particle-in-cell simulations of radio-frequency wave physics relevant to plasma heating and current drive in laboratory. The efficacy of the gyrocenter gauge algorithm is largely due to the fact that it decouples particle's fast gyromotion from the slow gyrocenter motion in the gyrocenter coordinates. Simulation particles only need to be moved along the slow gyrocenter orbits, whereas the gyrophase dependant part of the distribution is captured by the gyrocenter gauge distribution function. The gyrocenter gauge algorithm has been recently implemented and initial simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the algorithm. C1 [Qin, Hong; Phillips, Cynthia K.; Kolesnikov, Roman A.; Lee, W. Wei-Li; Valeo, Ernest J.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Smithe, David N.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Depertment of energy [AC02-76CH03073] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Depertment of energy under contract AC02-76CH03073. We are greatful to prof.Ronald C. Davidson and Dr.janaedhan Manickam for their continuous support of this work. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 471 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300095 ER PT S AU Kolesnikov, RA Lee, WW Qin, H Starsev, E AF Kolesnikov, Roman A. Lee, W. W. Qin, Hong Starsev, Ed BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI High frequency gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulation: Application to heating of magnetically confined plasmas SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE gyrokinetics; plasma heating; ion cyclotron waves ID WAVE AB High frequency gyrokinetic (HFGK) algorithm for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation has been developed based on the gyrocenter-gauge kinetic theory. This new algorithm takes advantage of the separation of gyrocenter and gyrophase motions introduced by the gyrokinetic formalism. The 6D version of the algorithm is equivalent to the direct 6D Lorentz-force simulation in the limit of small gyroradius (compared to the ambient magnetic field). Since the gyrocenter dynamics is slow, one is allowed to use large time step for pushing gyrocenters in the 6D HFGK algorithm, which results in saving in computing time. Using simple electrostatic collisionless system in slab geometry, we perform nonlinear PIC simulation of the ion cyclotron instability and nonlinear ion perpendicular heating dynamics using new 6D HFGK algorithm. Comparisons with a conventional 6D Lorentz-force code are presented. C1 [Kolesnikov, Roman A.; Lee, W. W.; Qin, Hong; Starsev, Ed] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU Multi-Scale Gyrokinetics FX This work was supported by the Multi-Scale Gyrokinetics project as a part of the U.S. DoE ASCR Muliscale Mathematics Research and Education Program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 475 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300096 ER PT S AU Myra, JR Berry, LA Jaeger, EF AF Myra, J. R. Berry, L. A. Jaeger, E. F. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI Towards a predictive model of power loss from parametric decay of ICRF waves SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc DE parametric; decay; nonlinear; ICRF; full-wave; tokamak; edge ID EDGE PLASMA; TOKAMAK; DRIVEN AB Both theory and experiment have suggested that parametric decay instability (PDI) is a possible edge power loss mechanism in ICRF (including HHFW and IBW) heating of tokamak plasmas. In this paper, we consider the extension of previous theoretical models to enable a quantitative evaluation of pump depletion and power loss due to PDI. A set of nonlinear coupled equations for a long-wavelength "dipole" pump and short-wavelength daughter modes is derived. The model recovers the standard PDI dispersion relation for fixed pump wave amplitude, and obeys an appropriate nonlinear energy conservation law. When dissipation is present the model provides a description of energy flow from the pump to the daughter modes and the particles. The equations are intended to describe parametric decay and pump depletion in inhomogeneous plasmas. By writing the nonlinear coupling coefficients in terms of a spectral basis, a strategy for implementing the model in full-wave spectral codes is presented. C1 [Myra, J. R.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Berry, L. A.; Jaeger, E. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US DOE [DE-FG02-97ER54392] FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725; and, in part, by the US DOE through grant DE-FG02-97ER54392. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 479 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300097 ER PT S AU Goulding, RH Welton, RF Baity, FW Crisp, DW Fadnek, A Kang, Y Murray, SN Sparks, DO Stockli, MP AF Goulding, R. H. Welton, R. F. Baity, F. W. Crisp, D. W. Fadnek, A. Kang, Y. Murray, S. N. Sparks, D. O. Stockli, M. P. BE Ryan, PM Rasmussen, DA TI A negative hydrogen-ion source for SNS using a helicon plasma generator SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Conference on Radio Frequence Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2007 CL Clearwater, FL SP Amer Phys Soc ID POWER ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a world-class facility for materials research based on neutron scattering. It consists of a negative hydrogen (H-) ion source, linear accelerator, proton accumulator ring, and liquid Hg target. A power upgrade is planned for the device, which will require significant improvements in the negative ion source, including the production of H- beam currents of 70-95 mA (similar to 2 x the present SNS source value), with a pulse length of 1 ms and duty factor of similar to 7%. No H- sources currently in existence meet these combined requirements. A proof-of-principle experiment is being constructed in which the rf inductive plasma generator in the present source is replaced by a helicon plasma generator. This is expected to produce a factor of three or better increase in the maximum source plasma density at a reduced rf power level, resulting in significantly increased negative ion current with reduced heat removal requirements. C1 [Goulding, R. H.; Welton, R. F.; Baity, F. W.; Crisp, D. W.; Fadnek, A.; Kang, Y.; Murray, S. N.; Sparks, D. O.; Stockli, M. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goulding, RH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0444-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 933 BP 493 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BGX52 UT WOS:000251153300100 ER PT J AU Graven, HD Guilderson, TP Keeling, RF AF Graven, Heather D. Guilderson, Thomas P. Keeling, Ralph F. TI Methods for high-precision C-14 AMS measurement of atmospheric CO2 at LLNL SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Radiocarbon Conference CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Keble Coll ID RADIOCARBON; DYNAMICS; GRAPHITE AB Development of radiocarbon analysis with precision better than 2%omicron has the potential to expand the utility of (CO2)-C-14 measurements for carbon cycle investigations as atmospheric gradients currently approach the typical measurement precision of 2-5%omicron. The accelerator mass spectrometer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) produces high and stable beam currents that enable efficient acquisition times for large numbers of C-14 counts. One million C-14 atoms can be detected in approximately 25 min, suggesting that near 1%omicron counting precision is economically feasible at LLNL. The overall uncertainty in measured values is ultimately determined by the variation between measured ratios in several sputtering periods of the same sample and by the reproducibility of replicate samples. Experiments on the collection of 1 million counts on replicate samples of CO2 extracted from a whole air cylinder show a standard deviation of 1.7%omicron in 36 samples measured over several wheels. This precision may be limited by the reproducibility of oxalic acid I standard samples, which is considerably poorer. We outline the procedures for high-precision sample handling and analysis that have enabled reproducibility in the cylinder extraction samples at the <2%omicron level and describe future directions to continue increasing measurement precision at LLNL. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 94056 USA. RP Graven, HD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hgraven@ucsd.edu NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235GJ UT WOS:000251221300020 ER PT J AU Hunt, RD Lindemer, TB Hu, MZ Del Cul, GD Collins, JL AF Hunt, R. D. Lindemer, T. B. Hu, M. Z. Del Cul, G. D. Collins, J. L. TI Preparation of spherical, dense uranium fuel kernels with carbon SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; carbon; internal gelation; nuclear fuel ID INTERNAL GELATION AB The internal gelation process and a suitable broth formulation with an uranium concentration of 1.3 M was used to produce air-dried uranium trioxide dihydrate (UO3 center dot 2H(2)O) and carbon microspheres with crush strengths greater than 600 g per microsphere. The addition of carbon lowered the slow-pour densities of the air-dried microspheres by a minimum of 9% if all other conditions were held constant. The crush strengths of the air-dried microspheres with and without carbon remained very good. These microspheres were not prone to leach when they were washed with ammonium hydroxide, and they did not have the tendency to crack during subsequent heat treatments. For the UO3 center dot 2H(2)O microspheres with and without carbon, dehydration occurred at the same rate. The dehydration was accompanied by spontaneous reduction of the urania to UO2.67. In the same temperature range, hydrogen and carbon can be used to further reduce the urania to uranium dioxide. Therefore, the loss of carbon during calcination appears to be unavoidable. The current recommendation on calcinations is to use a temperature of 600 degrees C or higher to minimize the loss of carbon. Dense and strong uranium fuel kernels with carbon were produced in argon at 1680 degrees C. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbach Engn & Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. RP Hunt, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huntrd@ornl.gov OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2007 VL 95 IS 4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1524/ract.2007.95.4.225 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 160DA UT WOS:000245917300005 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Buechele, AC Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Pegg, IL AF McKeown, D. A. Buechele, A. C. Lukens, W. W. Shuh, D. K. Pegg, I. L. TI Raman studies of technetium in borosilicate waste glass SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE pertechnetate; Raman; borosilicate waste glass ID PERTECHNETATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The characterization of technetium (Tc) environments in borosilicate glasses is important with regard to the long-term isolation of Tc in nuclear wastes from the environment by waste vitrification. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to detect Tc in various borosilicate waste glass formulations in which Tc valence and average coordination environment were previously characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Raman spectral comparisons between chemically equivalent Tc-containing and Tc-free borosilicate glass pairs indicate Tc-dependent features near 320 and 910 cm(-1) resulting from internal vibrational modes of pertechnetate tetrahedral (Tc7+ in TcO4-), similar to those observed for pertechnetate aqueous solutions. Initial observations of the pertechnetate Tc-O symmetric stretch mode near 910 cm(-1) indicate a peak area dependence on pertechnetate concentration and a detection limit near 50 ppm Tc7+ in borosilicate glass. Pertechnetate Tc-O symmetric stretch mode frequency versus composition relationships for the borosilicate waste glasses suggest that pertechnetate tetrahedra are surrounded by network-modifying cations. However, Raman spectroscopy is insensitive to six-coordinated Tc4+ species in borosilicate glasses. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Actinide Chem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKeown, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM davidm@vsl.cua.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2007 VL 95 IS 5 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1524/ract.2007.95.5.275 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 167JV UT WOS:000246448900005 ER PT J AU Zhang, QB Frolov, A Tang, N Hoffmann, R van de Goor, T Metz, TO Smith, RD AF Zhang, Qibin Frolov, Andrej Tang, Ning Hoffmann, Ralf van de Goor, Tom Metz, Thomas O. Smith, Richard D. TI Application of electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry in analyses of non-enzymatically glycated peptides SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER ION/ION REACTIONS; CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MAILLARD REACTION; END-PRODUCTS/PEPTIDES; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; GLYCOSYLATION; COMPLICATIONS; PROTEINS AB Non-enzymatic glycation of peptides and proteins by D-glucose has important implications in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, particularly in the context of development of diabetic complications. The fragmentation behavior of glycated peptides produced from reaction of D-glucose with lysine residues was investigated by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that high abundance ions corresponding to various degrees of neutral water losses, as well as furylium ion production, dominate the CID spectra, and that the sequence-informative b and y ions were rarely observed when Amadori-modified peptides were fragmented. Contrary to what was observed under CID conditions, ions corresponding to neutral losses of water or furylium ion production were not observed in the ETD spectra. Instead, abundant and almost complete series of c- and z-type ions were observed regardless of whether the modification site was located in the middle of the sequence or close to the N-terminus, greatly facilitating the peptide sequencing. This study strongly suggests that ETD is a better technique for proteomic studies of non-enzymatically glycated peptides and proteins. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Leipzig, Fac Chem & Mineral, Ctr Biotechnol & Biomed, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Agilent Technol, Life Sci & Chem Anal, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522-04, P41 RR018522, RR018522]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5R21DK071283, R21 DK071283, R33 DK071283, R33 DK071283-03] NR 32 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1002/rcm.2884 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 141ZR UT WOS:000244618400006 PM 17279487 ER PT J AU Bogan, MJ Patton, E Srivastava, A Martin, S Fergenson, DP Steele, PT Tobias, HJ Gard, EE Frank, M AF Bogan, Michael J. Patton, Elizabeth Srivastava, Abneesh Martin, Sue Fergenson, David P. Steele, Paul T. Tobias, Herbert J. Gard, Eric E. Frank, Matthias TI Online aerosol mass spectrometry of single micrometer-sized particles containing poly(ethylene glycol) SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MALDI-TOF-MS; ORGANIC ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; BACILLUS-ATROPHAEUS SPORES; ALKALI-METAL IONS; DESORPTION IONIZATION; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; SAMPLE PREPARATION AB The analysis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-containing particles by online single particle aerosol mass spectrometers equipped with laser desorption/ionization (LDI) is reported. We demonstrate that PEG-containing particles are useful in the development of aerosol mass spectrometers because of their ease of preparation, low cost, and inherently recognizable mass spectra. Solutions containing millimolar quantities of PEGs were nebulized and, after drying, the resultant micrometer-sized PEG-containing particles were sampled. LDI (266 nm) of particles containing NaCl and PEG molecules of average molecular weight < 500 Da generated mass spectra reminiscent of mass spectra of PEG collected by other mass spectrometer platforms including the characteristic distribution of positive ions (Na+ adducts) separated by the 44 m/z units of the ethylene oxide units separating each degree of polymerization. PEGs of average molecular weight > 500 Da were detected from particles that also contained the tripeptide tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, which were added to nebulized solutions to act as matrices to assist LDI using pulsed 266 nm and 355 nm lasers, respectively. Experiments were performed on two aerosol mass spectrometers, one reflectron and one linear, that each utilize two time-of-flight mass analyzers to detect positive and negative ions created from a single particle. PEG-containing particles are currently being employed in the optimization of our bioaerosol mass spectrometers for the application of measurements of complex biological samples, including human effluents, and we recommend that the same strategies will be of great utility to the development of any online aerosol LDI mass spectrometer platform. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Frank, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM frank1@llnl.gov RI Bogan, Mike/I-6962-2012; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Bogan, Mike/0000-0001-9318-3333; NR 54 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1214 EP 1220 DI 10.1002/rcm.2953 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 150IY UT WOS:000245210900014 PM 17330211 ER PT J AU Martin, AN Farquar, GR Jones, AD Frank, M AF Martin, Audrey N. Farquar, George R. Jones, A. Daniel Frank, Matthias TI The non-destructive identification of solid over-the-counter medications using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; BACILLUS-ATROPHAEUS SPORES; HUMAN PLASMA; PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; PHASE EXTRACTION; RAPID ANALYSIS; LC-MS/MS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRUGS AB Single over-the-counter medication tablets were analyzed in real time using Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (SPAMS). Dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra were obtained for micrometersized single particles dislodged from a single tablet without destroying the shape or markings of each tablet. The solid tablet was placed in a modified-top glass vial and shaken to dislodge and introduce micrometer-sized particles into the SPAMS system. Unique spectra from these particles were obtained in less than 1s for single tablets of aspirin, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, loratadine, or diphenhydramine. The signals obtained allowed the non-destructive identification of an individual tablet in seconds. SPAMS presents an ideal system for high-throughput analysis of solid drugs. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Farquar, GR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gfarquar@llnl.gov RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690; NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 22 BP 3561 EP 3568 DI 10.1002/rcm.3248 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 232BM UT WOS:000250993100004 PM 17935106 ER PT S AU Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM AF Petit, Leon Svane, Axel Szotek, Zdzislawa Temmerman, Walter M. BE Fanciulli, M Scarel, G TI Electronic structure of rare earth oxides SO RARE EARTH OXIDE THIN FILMS: GROWTH, CHARACTERIZATION , AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review CT Workshop on Rare Earth Oxide Thin Films CY MAY 11-13, 2005 CL San Remo, ITALY ID SESQUIOXIDES; PRESSURE; PRO2 AB The electronic structures of dioxides, REO2, and sesquioxides, RE2O3, of the rare earths, RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy and He, are calculated with the self-interaction-corrected local-spin-density approximation. The valencies of the rare earth ions are determined from total-energy minimization. Ce, Pr, and Tb are found to have tetravalent configurations in their dioxides, while for all the sesquioxides the trivalent ground-state configuration is most favourable. Tetravalent NdO2 is predicted to exist as a metastable phase-unstable towards the formation of hexagonal Nd2O3. The trends of the band gap structure are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Petit, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM svane@phys.au.dk RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2007 VL 106 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BFL75 UT WOS:000242892800019 ER PT S AU Aragon, CR Aragon, DB AF Aragon, Cecilia R. Aragon, David Bradburn BE Kehtarnavaz, N Carlsohn, M TI A fast contour descriptor algorithm for supernova image classification - art. no. 649607 SO Real-Time Image Processing 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Real-Time Image Processing 2007 CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE image processing; contour descriptors; Fourier descriptors; shape detection; real-time image processing; supernova; astronomy; applications ID FOURIER DESCRIPTORS AB We describe a fast contour descriptor algorithm and its application to a distributed supernova detection system (the Nearby Supernova Factory) that processes 600,000 candidate objects in 80 GB of image data per night. Our shape-detection algorithm reduced the number of false positives generated by the supernova search pipeline by 41% while producing no measurable impact on running time. Fourier descriptors are an established method of numerically describing the shapes of object contours, but transform-based techniques are ordinarily avoided in this type of application due to their computational cost. We devised a fast contour descriptor implementation for supernova candidates that meets the tight processing budget of the application. Using the lowest-order descriptors (F-1 and F-1) and the total variance in the contour, we obtain one feature representing the eccentricity of the object and another denoting its irregularity. Because the number of Fourier terms to be calculated is fixed and small, the algorithm runs in linear time, rather than the O(n log n) time of an FFT. Constraints on object size allow further optimizations so that the total cost of producing the required contour descriptors is about 4n addition/subtraction operations, where n is the length of the contour. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DCA, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Aragon, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6609-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6496 BP 49607 EP 49607 AR 649607 DI 10.1117/12.703666 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG45 UT WOS:000246672200006 ER PT J AU Biegler, LT Ghattas, O Heinkenschloss, M Keyes, D Waanders, BV AF Biegler, L. T. Ghattas, O. Heinkenschloss, M. Keyes, D. Waanders, B. van Bloemen BE Biegler, LT Ghattas, O Heinkenschloss, M Keyes, D VanBloemen, B TI Real-Time PDE-Constrained Optimization Preface SO REAL-TIME PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION SE Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Biegler, L. T.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ghattas, O.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Heinkenschloss, M.] Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Keyes, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Waanders, B. van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biegler, LT (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM lb01@andrew.cmu.edu; omar@ices.utexas.edu; heinken@rice.edu; david.keyes@columbia.edu; bartv@sandia.gov; lb01@andrew.cmu.edu; omar@ices.utexas.edu; heinken@rice.edu; david.keyes@columbia.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-21-4 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG SER PY 2007 VL 3 BP XVII EP XXIII D2 10.1137/1.9780898718935 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOK95 UT WOS:000276915900001 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD AF Bochev, Pavel B. Gunzburger, Max D. BE Biegler, LT Ghattas, O Heinkenschloss, M Keyes, D VanBloemen, B TI A Least-Squares Finite Element Method for Optimization and Control Problems SO REAL-TIME PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION SE Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; ELLIPTIC-SYSTEMS C1 [Bochev, Pavel B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gunzburger, Max D.] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-21-4 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG SER PY 2007 VL 3 BP 73 EP 93 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718935.ch4 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718935 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOK95 UT WOS:000276915900005 ER PT B AU Laird, CD Biegler, LT Waanders, BGV AF Laird, Carl D. Biegler, Lorenz T. Waanders, Bart G. van Bloemen BE Biegler, LT Ghattas, O Heinkenschloss, M Keyes, D VanBloemen, B TI Real-Time, Large-Scale Optimization of Water Network Systems Using a Subdomain Approach SO REAL-TIME PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION SE Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALGORITHM; QUALITY C1 [Laird, Carl D.; Biegler, Lorenz T.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Waanders, Bart G. van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Laird, CD (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM claird@andrew.cmu.edu; lb01@andrew.cmu.edu; bartv@sandia.gov; lb01@andrew.cmu.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-21-4 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG SER PY 2007 VL 3 BP 289 EP 306 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718935.ch15 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718935 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BOK95 UT WOS:000276915900016 ER PT S AU Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Test suite for evaluating performance of MPI implementations that support MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire ID ISSUES AB MPT implementations that support the highest level of thread safety for user programs, MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE, are becoming widely available. Users often expect that different threads can execute independently and that the MPI implementation can provide the necessary level of thread safety with only a small overhead. The MPI Standard, however, requires only that no MPI call in one thread block MPI calls in other threads; it makes no performance guarantees. Therefore, some way of measuring an implementation's performance is needed. In this paper, we propose a number of performance tests that are motivated by typical application scenarios. These tests cover the overhead of providing the MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE level of thread safety for user programs, the amount of concurrency in different threads making MPI calls, the ability to overlap communication with computation, and other features. We present performance results with this test suite on several platforms (Linux cluster, Sun and IBM SMPs) and MPI implementations (MPICH2, Open MPI, IBM, and Sun). C1 [Thakur, Rajeev; Gropp, William] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thakur@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000004 ER PT S AU Graham, RL Brightwell, R Barrett, B Bosilca, G Pjesivac-Grbovic, J AF Graham, Richard L. Brightwell, Ron Barrett, Brian Bosilca, George Pjesivac-Grbovic, Jelena BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI An evaluation of open MPI's matching transport layer on the Cray XT SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB Open MPI was initially designed to support a wide variety of high-performance networks and network programming interfaces. Recently, Open MPI was enhanced to support networks that have full support for MPI matching semantics. Previous Open MPI efforts focused on networks that require the MPI library to manage message matching, which is sub-optimal for some networks that inherently support matching. We describes a new matching transport layer in Open MPI, present results of micro-benchmarks and several applications on the Cray XT platform, and compare performance of the new and the existing transport layers, as well as the vendor-supplied implementation of MPI. C1 [Graham, Richard L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Barrett, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bosilca, George; Pjesivac-Grbovic, Jelena] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rlgraham@ornl.gov; rbbrigh@sandia.gov; bbarrett@lanl.gov; bosilca@cs.utk.edu; pjesa@cs.utk.edu FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Research sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 161 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000017 ER PT S AU Shipman, GM Brightwell, R Barrett, B Squyres, JM Bloch, G AF Shipman, Galen M. Brightwell, Ron Barrett, Brian Squyres, Jeffrey M. Bloch, Gil BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Investigations on InfiniBand: Efficient network buffer utilization at scale SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB The default messaging model for the OpenFabrics "Verbs" API is to consume receive buffers in order-regardless of the actual incoming message size leading to inefficient registered memory usage. For example, many small messages can consume large amounts of registered memory. This paper introduces a new transport protocol in Open MPI implemented using the existing OpenFabrics Verbs API that exhibits efficient registered memory utilization. Several real-world applications were run at scale with the new protocol; results show that global network resource utilization efficiency increases, allowing increased scalability-and larger problem sizes-on clusters which can increase application perform mance in some cases. C1 [Shipman, Galen M.; Barrett, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LA UR-07-3198, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Squyres, Jeffrey M.] Cisco Inc, San Jose, CA USA. [Bloch, Gil] Mellanox Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. RP Shipman, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LA UR-07-3198, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gshipman@lanl.gov; bbarrett@lanl.gov; rbbrigh@sandia.gov; jsquyres@cisco.com; gil@mellanox.com FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 178 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000019 ER PT S AU Latham, R Gropp, W Ross, R Thakur, R AF Latham, Robert Gropp, William Ross, Robert Thakur, Rajeev BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Extending the MPI-2 generalized request interface SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB The MPI-2 standard added a new feature to MPI called generalized requests. Generalized requests allow users to add new nonblocking operations to MPI while still using many pieces of MPI infrastructure such as request objects and the progress notification routines (MPI_Test, MPI_Wait). The generalized request design as it stands, however, has deficiencies regarding typical use cases. These deficiencies are particularly evident in environments that do not support threads or signals, such as the leading petascale systems (IBM Blue Gene/L, Cray XT3 and XT4). This paper examines these shortcomings, proposes extensions to the interface to overcome them, and presents implementation results. C1 [Latham, Robert; Gropp, William; Ross, Robert; Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Latham, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375; Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000024 ER PT S AU Kimpe, D Ross, R Vandewalle, S Poedts, S AF Kimpe, Dries Ross, Rob Vandewalle, Stefan Poedts, Stefaan BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Transparent log-based data storage in MPI-IO applications SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB The MPI-IO interface is a critical component in I/O software stacks for high-performance computing, and many successful optimizations have been incorporated into implementations to help provide high performance I/O for a variety of access patterns. However, in spite of these optimizations, there is still a large performance gap between "easy" access patterns and more difficult ones, particularly when applications are unable to describe I/O using collective calls. In this paper we present LogFS, a component that implements log-based storage for applications using the MPI-IO interface. We first discuss how this approach allows us to exploit the temporal freedom present in the MPI-IO consistency semantics, allowing optimization of a variety of access patterns that are not well-served by existing approaches. We then describe how this component is integrated into the ROMIO MPI-IO implementation as a stackable layer, allowing LogFS to be used on any file system supported by ROMIO. Finally we show performance results comparing the LogFS approach to current practice using a variety of benchmarks. C1 [Kimpe, Dries; Vandewalle, Stefan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Techn Wetenschappelijk Rekenen, Celestijnenlaan 200A, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Kimpe, Dries; Poedts, Stefaan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Voor Plasma Astrofys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Ross, Rob] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kimpe, D (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Techn Wetenschappelijk Rekenen, Celestijnenlaan 200A, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM Dries.Kimpe@cs.kuleuven.be RI Vandewalle, Stefan/B-9677-2009; Poedts, Stefaan/C-9775-2012 OI Vandewalle, Stefan/0000-0002-8988-2374; Poedts, Stefaan/0000-0002-1743-0651 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 233 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000025 ER PT S AU Barrett, BW Shipman, GM Lumsdaine, A AF Barrett, Brian W. Shipman, Galen M. Lumsdaine, Andrew BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Analysis of implementation options for MPI-2 one-sided SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB The Message Passing Interface provides an interface for one-sided communication as part of the MPI-2 standard. The semantics specified by MPI-2 allow for a number of different implementation avenues, each with different performance characteristics. Within the context of Open MPI, a freely available high performance MPI implementation, we analyze a number of implementation possibilities, including layering over MPI-1 send/receive and true remote memory access. C1 [Barrett, Brian W.; Shipman, Galen M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lumsdaine, Andrew] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Barrett, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bbarrett@lanl.gov; gshipman@lanl.gov; lums@osl.iu.edu FU Lilly Endowment [EIA-0202048]; National Science Foundation [ANI-0330620] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Lilly Endowment and National Science Foundation grants EIA-0202048 and ANI-0330620. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 242 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000026 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD Thakur, R AF Gropp, William D. Thakur, Rajeev BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Revealing the performance of MPI RMA implementations SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire ID ONE-SIDED COMMUNICATION AB The MPI remote-memory access (RMA) operations provide a different programming model from the regular MPI-1 point-to-point operations. This model is particularly appropriate for cases where there are multiple communication events for each synchronization and where the target memory locations are known by the source processes. In this paper, we describe a benchmark designed to illustrate the performance of RMA with multiple RMA operations for each synchronization, as compared with point-to-point communication. We measured the performance of this benchmark on several platforms (SGI Altix, Sun Fire, IBM SMP, Linux cluster) and MPI implementations (SGI, Sun, IBM, MPICH2, Open MPI). We also investigated the effectiveness of the various optimization options specified by the MPI standard. Our results show that MPI RMA can provide substantially higher performance than point-to-point communication on some platforms, such as SGI Altix and Sun Fire. The results also show that many opportunities still exist for performance improvements in the implementation of MPI RMA. C1 [Gropp, William D.; Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 272 EP 280 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000029 ER PT S AU Saverio, E Cesati, M Di Biagio, C Pennella, G Engelmann, C AF Di Saverio, Emanuele Cesati, Marco Di Biagio, Christian Pennella, Guido Engelmann, Christian BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Distributed real-time computing with Harness SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire DE distributed computing; middleware; real-time; Harness; plugin AB Modern parallel and distributed computing solutions are often built onto a "middleware" software layer providing a higher and common level of service between computational nodes. Harness is an adaptable, plugin-based middleware framework for parallel and distributed computing. This paper reports recent research and development results of using Harness for real-time distributed computing applications in the context of an industrial environment with the needs to perform several safety critical tasks. The presented work exploits the modular architecture of Harness in conjunction with a lightweight threaded implementation to resolve several real-time issues by adding three new Harness plug-ins to provide a prioritized lightweight execution environment, low latency communication facilities, and local timestamped event logging. C1 [Di Saverio, Emanuele; Cesati, Marco] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Comp Sci Syst & Ind Engn, Rome, Italy. [Di Biagio, Christian; Pennella, Guido] MBDA Italia SPA, Appl Res & Technol Dept, Rome, Italy. [Engelmann, Christian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Saverio, E (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Comp Sci Syst & Ind Engn, Rome, Italy. EM emanuele.disaverio@alice.it; cesati@uniroma2.it; christian.di-biagio@mbda.it; guido.pennellal@mbda.it; engelmannc@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 281 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000030 ER PT S AU Pervez, S Gopalakrishnan, G Kirby, RM Palmer, R Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Pervez, Salman Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh Kirby, Robert M. Palmer, Robert Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Practical model-checking method for verifying correctness of MPI programs SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire AB Formal program verification often requires creating a model of the program and running it through a model-checking tool. However, this model-creation step is itself error prone, tedious, and difficult for someone not familiar with formal verification. In this paper, we describe a tool for verifying correctness of MPI programs that does not require the creation of a model and instead works directly on the MPI program. Our tool uses the MPI profiling interface, PMPI, to trap MPI calls and hand over control of the MPI function execution to a scheduler. The scheduler verifies correctness of the program by executing all "relevant" interleavings of the program. The scheduler records an initial trace and replays its interleaving variants by using dynamic partial-order reduction. We describe the design and implementation of the tool and compare it with our previous work based on model checking. C1 [Pervez, Salman; Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh; Kirby, Robert M.; Palmer, Robert] Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Thakur, Rajeev; Gropp, William] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pervez, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 FU NSF [CNS-0509379]; Microsoft HPC Institutes program; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02- 06CH11357] FX This work was supported by NSF award CNS-0509379, by the Microsoft HPC Institutes program, and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02- 06CH11357. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000037 ER PT S AU Trinitisi, C Schulz, M AF Trinitisi, Carsten Schulz, Martin BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI 6(th) international special session on current trends in numerical simulation for parallel engineering environments - New directions and work-in-progress SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire C1 [Trinitisi, Carsten] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Informat, LRR, Munich, Germany. [Schulz, Martin] Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Trinitisi, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Informat, LRR, Munich, Germany. EM Carsten.Trinitis@in.tum.de; schulzm@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, UCRL-PROC-232591] FX Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. UCRL-PROC-232591. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 354 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000038 ER PT S AU Riesen, R AF Riesen, Rolf BE Cappello, F Herault, T Dongarra, J TI Seshat collects MPI traces: Extended abstract SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th EuroPVM/MPI Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE SP INRIA, Microsoft, hp, IBM, CISCO, Myricom, intel, Voltaire C1 [Riesen, Rolf] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Riesen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75415-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4757 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGW71 UT WOS:000250988000043 ER PT S AU Fan, HY AF Fan, Hongyou BE Zhao, D Qiu, S Tang, Y Yu, C TI Nanocrystal-micelle: a new building block for facile self-assembly and integration of 2, 3-dimensional functional nanostructures SO RECENT PROGRESS IN MESOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL MESOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SYMPOSIUM - IMMS2006 SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Mesostructured Materials Symposium (IMMS) CY AUG 04-07, 2006 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Mesostruct Mat Assoc (IMMA) ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; ARRAYS C1 [Fan, Hongyou] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Fan, Hongyou] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 978-0-444-52178-1 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2007 VL 165 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BE5JB UT WOS:000372845100037 ER PT S AU Ryu, HJ Kim, YS Hofman, GL Rest, J Park, JM Kim, CK AF Ryu, Ho Jin Kim, Yeon Soo Hofman, G. L. Rest, J. Park, Jong Man Kim, Chang Kyu BE Kang, SJL Huh, MY Hwang, NM Homma, H Ushioda, K Ikuhara, Y TI Radiation-induced recrystallization of U-Mo fuel particles and radiation-induced amorphization of interaction products in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth, ReX and GG III CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Korean Ceram Soc, Korean Power Met Inst, Ceram Soc Japan DE radiation-induced recrystallization; radiation-induced amorphization; dynamic recrystallization ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED RECRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEAR-FUELS; HIGH BURNUP; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; UO2 FUEL; DENSITY; MODEL AB Two kinds of radiation-induced structural changes were observed in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel: radiation-induced recrystallization of U-Mo fuel particles and radiation-induced amorphization of interaction products. During irradiation, U-Mo fuel showed refined microstructures of submicron-size grains due to dynamic recrystallization, occurring initially from pre-existing grain boundaries. The interaction products formed by interdiffusion between the U-Mo particles and Al matrix in U-Mo/Al dispersion fuel transformed from crystalline to amorphous during irradiation. In this paper we deal with both of the phenomena simultaneously. C1 [Ryu, Ho Jin; Park, Jong Man; Kim, Chang Kyu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Kim, Yeon Soo; Hofman, G. L.; Rest, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ryu, HJ (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM hjryu@kaeri.re.kr; yskim@anl.gov; ghofman@anl.gov; jrest@anl.gov; jmpark@kaeri.re.kr; ckkim2@kaeri.re.kr OI Ryu, Ho Jin/0000-0002-3387-7381 FU National Nuclear Research Program, Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (MOST); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Global Nuclear Material Threat Reduction [NA-212]; National Nuclear Security Administration [W-31 109 ENG-38] FX KAERIs work was supported by the National Nuclear Research Program by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (MOST). Argonne National Laboratorys work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Global Nuclear Material Threat Reduction (NA-212), National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract W-31 109 ENG-38. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 558-559 BP 319 EP + PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGT43 UT WOS:000250408000049 ER PT S AU Gao, MC Gruber, J Rollett, AD Kuprat, AP AF Gao, M. C. Gruber, J. Rollett, A. D. Kuprat, A. P. BE Kang, SJL Huh, MY Hwang, NM Homma, H Ushioda, K Ikuhara, Y TI Computer Simulations combining finite difference and finite element methods: Solute drag on migrating grain boundaries in three-dimension SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth, ReX and GG III CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Japan Inst Met, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Korean Ceram Soc, Korean Power Met Inst, Ceram Soc Japan DE grain growth; recrystallization; solute drag; finite difference; finite element method ID MODELING MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; IMPURITY-DRAG; GIBBS ENERGY; SEGREGATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; GROWTH; MOTION; THERMODYNAMICS; DISSIPATION; TRANSITION AB The current study aims to improve our fundamental understanding of solute segregation and solute drag on migrating grain boundaries (GB) in three dimensions. Computer simulation combines finite difference and finite element methods. An exemplary case study is reported, in which a spherical grain is embedded inside a cubic grain and shrinks as a result of motion by curvature, as a preliminary to modeling grain growth in single phase materials. The results agree qualitatively with literature studies in 1-D. C1 [Gao, M. C.; Gruber, J.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kuprat, A. P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, MC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cg2r@alumni.virginia.edu; gruber@andrew.cmu.edu; rolleft@andrew.cmu.edu; andrew.kuprat@pnl.gov OI Kuprat, Andrew/0000-0003-4159-918X FU Computational Materials Science Network; US Department of Energy; MCG FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Computational Materials Science Network, a program of the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. MCG would like to thank Profs. P. Wynblatt and S. Ta'asan for valuable discussions. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 558-559 BP 1075 EP + PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGT43 UT WOS:000250408000171 ER PT S AU Braams, BJ Percus, JK Zhao, ZJ AF Braams, Bastiaan J. Percus, Jerome K. Zhao, Zhengji BE Mazziotti, DA TI THE T1 AND T2 REPRESENTABILITY CONDITIONS SO REDUCED-DENSITY-MATRIX MECHANICS - WITH APPLICATION TO MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND MOLECULES SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID REDUCED DENSITY-MATRICES C1 [Braams, Bastiaan J.] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Percus, Jerome K.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Percus, Jerome K.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Zhao, Zhengji] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, High Performance Comp Res Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Braams, BJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 400 Dowman Dr W401, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM braams@mathcs.emory.edu; percus@cims.nyu.edu; zzhao@lbl.gov RI Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011 OI Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969 FU National Science Foundation [ITR-CHE-0219331]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-02ER15292]; Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ITR-CHE-0219331 (BJB), by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-02ER15292 (JKP), and by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (ZZ). NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-79056-3 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2007 VL 134 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK63 UT WOS:000266712300005 ER PT S AU Digiovanni, AA Fredrich, JT Holcomb, DJ Olsson, WA AF Digiovanni, A. A. Fredrich, J. T. Holcomb, D. J. Olsson, W. A. BE Lewis, H Couples, GD TI Microscale damage evolution in compacting sandstone SO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAMAGE AND LOCALIZATION SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEFORMATION BANDS; POROUS SANDSTONES; CATACLASTIC FLOW; ROCK; TRANSITION; POROSITY; FRACTURE; MICROMECHANICS; LOCALIZATION; SUBSIDENCE AB Recent field, laboratory, and theoretical studies suggest that under certain stress conditions, compaction of porous rock may be accommodated by narrow zones of localized compressive deformation oriented perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress. Triaxial compression experiments were performed on Castlegate sandstone, an analogue reservoir sandstone, that included acoustic emission detection and location. Initially, acoustic emissions were concentrated in horizontal bands that initiated at the sample ends ( perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress) but, with continued loading, progressed axially towards the sample centre. High-resolution field-emission SEM was performed to elucidate the micromechanics of compaction. The microscopy revealed that compaction of this weakly cemented sandstone proceeded in two phases: an initial stage of porosity decrease accomplished by breakage of grain contacts and grain rotation, and a second stage of further porosity reduction accommodated by intense grain breakage and rotation. Quantitative stereological measurements corroborated the decrease in the intergrain spacing and the increase in grain boundary contacts that the microstructural observations suggest occurred during the first stage of compaction. The microstructural data show that a five-fold increase in the surface area per unit volume resulted from the extensive microfracturing that occurred during the second stage of compaction. C1 [Digiovanni, A. A.; Fredrich, J. T.; Holcomb, D. J.; Olsson, W. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Digiovanni, AA (reprint author), Hughes Christensen, The Woodlands, TX 77380 USA. EM Joanne.Fredrich@bp.com NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-236-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2007 VL 289 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1144/SP289.6 PG 15 WC Geology SC Geology GA BKH21 UT WOS:000268074100006 ER PT J AU Wilson, AG McNamara, LA Wilson, GD AF Wilson, Alyson G. McNamara, Laura A. Wilson, Gregory D. TI Information integration for complex systems SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian network; prior elicitation; reliability; ethnography ID BAYESIAN NETWORKS AB This paper develops a framework to determine the performance or reliability of a complex system. We consider a case study in missile reliability that focuses on the assessment of a high fidelity launch vehicle intended to emulate a ballistic missile threat. In particular, we address the case of how to make a system assessment when there are limited full-system tests. We address the development of a system model and the integration of a variety of data using a Bayesian network. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, AG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Ms F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM agw@lanl.gov; lamcnam@sandia.gov; gdwilson@lanl.gov OI Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 EI 1879-0836 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2006.07.003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 114XT UT WOS:000242699600012 ER PT S AU Senesac, LR Yi, D Thundat, T AF Senesac, Larry R. Yi, Dechang Thundat, Thomas BE Hartzell, AL Ramesham, R TI Receptor-free nanomechanical sensors - art. no. 646302 SO Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS VI CY JAN 23-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE cantilever sensors; sensor arrays; explosive vapor detection; cantilever bending; adsorption-induced stress; photothermal spectroscopy ID SURFACE STRESS; MICROCANTILEVERS; SPECTROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS AB Nanomechanical response of molecular adsorption has been demonstrated as the basis for a number of extremely sensitive sensors. Molecular adsorption on microcantilevers results in nanomechanical motion due to adsorption-induced surface stress variation. Chemical selectivity in nanomechanical sensors is achieved by immobilizing receptors on the cantilever surface. Although receptor-based detection has high selectivity for biomolecular detection, it fails when applied to small molecule detection. Nanomechanics, however, offer new possibilities for achieving chemical selectivity that do not use any receptors. For example, small thermal mass or high temperature sensitivity of a cantilever beam could be used for detecting molecular adsorption using photothermal effects and physical property variation due to temperature. Here we describe two such techniques for achieving chemical selectivity without using any receptor molecules. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Senesac, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6576-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6463 BP 46302 EP 46302 AR 646302 DI 10.1117/12.708237 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGA85 UT WOS:000245833100001 ER PT S AU Balick, L Clodius, W Jeffery, C Theiler, J McCabe, M Gillespie, A Mushkin, A Danilina, I AF Balick, Lee Clodius, William Jeffery, Christopher Theiler, James McCabe, Matthew Gillespie, Alan Mushkin, Amit Danilina, Iryna BE Ehlers, M Michel, U TI Model and measurements of linear mixing in thermal IR ground leaving radiance spectra - art. no. 674914 SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geol VIIl CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, NASA, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton DE thermal infrared emissivity spectra remote sensing AB Hyperspectral thermal IR remote sensing is an effective tool for the detection and identification of gas plumes and solid materials. Virtually all remotely sensed thermal IR pixels are mixtures of different materials and temperatures. As sensors improve and hyperspectral thermal IR remote sensing becomes more quantitative, the concept of homogeneous pixels becomes inadequate. The contributions of the constituents to the pixel spectral ground leaving radiance are weighted by their spectral emissivities and their temperature, or more correctly, temperature distributions, because real pixels are rarely thermally homogeneous. Planck's Law defines a relationship between temperature and radiance that is strongly wavelength dependent, even for blackbodies. Spectral ground leaving radiance (GLR) from mixed pixels is temperature and wavelength dependent and the relationship between observed radiance spectra from mixed pixels and library emissivity spectra of mixtures of 'pure' materials is indirect. A simple model of linear mixing of subpixel radiance as a function of material type, the temperature distribution of each material and the abundance of the material within a pixel is presented. The model indicates that, qualitatively and given normal environmental temperature variability, spectral features remain observable in mixtures as long as the material occupies more than roughly 10% of the pixel. Field measurements of known targets made on the ground and by an airborne sensor are presented here and serve as a reality check on the model. Target spectral GLR from mixtures as a function of temperature distribution and abundance within the pixel at day and night are presented and compare well qualitatively with model output. C1 [Balick, Lee; Clodius, William; Jeffery, Christopher; Theiler, James; McCabe, Matthew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Balick, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6907-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6749 BP 74914 EP 74914 DI 10.1117/12.738102 PG 12 WC Geology; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BHE64 UT WOS:000252485700027 ER PT J AU Griveas, I Germanidis, G Visvardis, G Morice, Y Perelson, AS Pawlotsky, JM Papadopoulou, D AF Griveas, I. Germanidis, G. Visvardis, G. Morice, Y. Perelson, A. S. Pawlotsky, J. M. Papadopoulou, D. TI Acute hepatitis C in patients receiving hemodialysis SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; GENOTYPES; THERAPY; RISK; UNIT AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequent in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by chronic dialysis, with a prevalence varying from 10-65% according to the geographical data. The prevalence is significantly associated with the duration of dialysis and the number of transfused blood products([1,2]) and has dramatically declined with efficient blood screening.([3]) We studied patients with acute HCV infection in a dialysis unit. The diagnosis was based on both anfi-HCV detection and HCV-RNA detection. Other virological tools including HCV genotype determination was also used to tailor treatment to the individual patient and determine its efficacy for a one-year follow-up period. Seventeen patients (7 male and 10 female, mean age: 63.7 +/- 11.6 SD) with acute hepatitis C were enrolled to our study. All of them were followed up for a period of one year after the diagnosis was established. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished two separate HCV subtypes 1b, which were both responsible for this acute infection (see Figure 1). These types did not differ in their behavior on the clinical situation of our patients, as confirmed by the fact that in both groups of patients, there was only one patient who presented with acute illness. Six patients of our study group, three months after the acute infection, received pegylated interferon (Peg-IFNa2a) 135 mu g for a six-month period. Four of them responded very well to therapy and at the first determination HCV RNA was below the cutoff point. One of our patients with very high HCV levels (HCV RNA > 50,000,000 IU/ mL), despite receiving the same therapy, did not respond well and developed cirrhosis. In conclusion, it is clear from our experience that better information is needed about the current incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for HCV infection in dialysis patients. Algorithms for the diagnosis and management of hepatitis C should be developed by academic societies. Routine screening for hepatitis C also would allow for better definition of the natural history of hepatitis C in patients with end stage renal disease. C1 Papageorgio Gen Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Thessaloniki, Greece. Papageorgio Gen Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Thessaloniki, Greece. Univ Paris 12, Henry Mondor Hosp, Paris, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Griveas, I (reprint author), Gortinias 12, Athens 15238, Greece. EM giannisgriv@hotmail.com NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 6 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1080/08860220701460160 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 205XL UT WOS:000249148400012 PM 17763169 ER PT S AU Harmon, CL Ahammad, P Hammonds, A Weiszmann, R Celniker, SE Sastry, SS Rubin, GM AF Harmon, Cyrus L. Ahammad, Parvez Hammonds, Ann Weiszmann, Richard Celniker, Susan E. Sastry, S. Shankar Rubin, Gerald M. BE Speed, T Huang, H TI Comparative analysis of spatial patterns of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs SO RESEARCH IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology CY APR 21-25, 2007 CL Oakland, CA SP AFFYMETRIX, BioNovo, Genentech, Int Soc Computat Biol, Helicos, Merck, Roche, Wyeth, ARIADNE, QB3 Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res DE genomic imaging; gene expression analysis; clustering; microarray data analysis; imaginal discs ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; EMBRYOS; ARRAYS; RNA AB Determining the precise spatial extent of expression of genes across different tissues, along with knowledge of the biochemical function of the genes is critical for understanding the roles of various genes in the development of metazoan organisms. To address this problem, we have developed high-throughput methods for generating images of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs and for the automated analysis of these images. Our method automatically learns tissue shapes from a small number of manually segmented training examples and automatically aligns, extracts and scores new images, which are analyzed to generate gene expression maps for each gene. We have developed a reverse lookup procedure that enables us to identify genes that have spatial expression patterns most similar to a given gene of interest. Our methods enable us to cluster both the genes and the pixels that of the maps, thereby identifying sets of genes that have similar patterns, and regions of the tissues of interest that have similar gene expression profiles across a large number of genes. C1 [Harmon, Cyrus L.; Hammonds, Ann; Rubin, Gerald M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ahammad, Parvez; Sastry, S. Shankar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weiszmann, Richard; Celniker, Susan E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harmon, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-71680-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4453 BP 533 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BGI34 UT WOS:000247321200037 ER PT J AU Shinozaki, K Hayashi, Y Brunschwig, BS Fujita, E AF Shinozaki, Kazuteru Hayashi, Yukiko Brunschwig, Bruce S. Fujita, Etsuko TI Characterization of transient species and products in photochemical reactions of Re(dmb)(CO)(3) Et with and without CO2 SO RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Photochemistry in Supra-Molecular Environments for Artifical Photosynthesis CY AUG 05-06, 2003 CL Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Metropolitan Univ DE FT-IR; laser excitation; Re(dmb)(CO)(3)(Et); CO2 ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; RE(R)(CO)(3)(4,4'-ME-2-BPY) R; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; PHOTOINDUCED REDUCTION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS; EXCITED-STATE; ONE-ELECTRON; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM AB Transient FT-IR spectra of fac-Re(dmb)(CO)(3)(Et) after laser excitation (355 nm) were investigated in THF under Ar and CO2 atmospheres. The CO stretching bands of Re(dmb(center dot))(CO)(3) (THF) grow (2008 and 1897 cm(-1)) and those of Re(dmb)(CO)(3)(Et) bleach (1987 and 1875 cm(-1)) at times <1 mu s, consistent with clean cleavage of the Re-Et bond. Under a CO2 atmosphere, the long-lived radical (tau >100 ms) converts slowly to the formato complex, Re(dmb)(CO)(3)(OC(O)H) (2020. 1916, 1873 and 1630 cm(-1)). When the solvent is slightly wet, the bicarbonato complex, Re(dmb)(CO)(3)(OC(O)OH), is also observed after photolysis under CO2. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yokohama City Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360027, Japan. RP Fujita, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fujita@bnl.gov RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU VSP BV PI LEIDEN PA BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6168 J9 RES CHEM INTERMEDIAT JI Res. Chem. Intermed. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1163/156856707779160807 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 132VH UT WOS:000243970100004 ER PT S AU Nemenman, I Escola, GS Hlavacek, WS Unkefer, PJ Unkefer, CJ Wall, ME AF Nemenman, Ilya Escola, G. Sean Hlavacek, William S. Unkefer, Pat J. Unkefer, Clifford J. Wall, Michael E. BE Stolovitzky, G Califano, A TI Reconstruction of metabolic networks from high-throughput metabolite profiling data - In Silico analysis of red blood cell metabolism SO REVERSE ENGINEERING BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PATHWAY INFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Bronx, NY SP Ctr Discrete Math & Theoret Comp Sci, Columbia Univ, MAGNet Ctr, IBM Computat Biol Ctr, NIL Roadmap Initiat DE metabolism; network reverse engineering; red blood cells; synthetic data ID INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; REGULATORY NETWORKS; EXPRESSION; MAGNESIUM; MODEL; PH AB We investigate the ability of algorithms developed for reverse engineering of transcriptional regulatory networks to reconstruct metabolic networks from high-throughput metabolite profiling data. For benchmarking purposes, we generate synthetic metabolic profiles based on a well-established model for red blood cell metabolism. A variety of data sets are generated, accounting for different properties of real metabolic networks, such as experimental noise, metabolite correlations, and temporal dynamics. These data sets are made available online. We use ARACNE, a mainstream algorithm for reverse engineering of transcriptional regulatory networks from gene expression data, to predict metabolic interactions from these data sets. We find that the performance of ARACNE on metabolic data is comparable to that on gene expression data. C1 [Unkefer, Pat J.; Unkefer, Clifford J.; Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nemenman, Ilya; Escola, G. Sean; Hlavacek, William S.; Wall, Michael E.] Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Escola, G. Sean] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemenman, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, CCS-3,MS-B256,NM 87545, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nemenman@lanl.gov; mewall@lanl.gov RI Califano, Andrea/F-7239-2012; OI Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515; Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R21 GM080216 01] NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-689-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2007 VL 1115 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1196/ainnals.1407.013 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHB16 UT WOS:000252037600007 PM 17925356 ER PT S AU Joo, J Plimpton, S Martin, S Swiler, L Faulon, JL AF Joo, Jaewook Plimpton, Steve Martin, Shawn Swiler, Laura Faulon, Jean-Loup BE Stolovitzky, G Califano, A TI Sensitivity analysis of a computational model of the IKK-NF-kappa B-I kappa B alpha-A20 signal transduction network SO REVERSE ENGINEERING BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PATHWAY INFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Bronx, NY SP Ctr Discrete Math & Theoret Comp Sci, Columbia Univ, MAGNet Ctr, IBM Computat Biol Ctr, NIL Roadmap Initiat DE sensitivity analysis; NF-kappa B signal transduction network; orthogonal array sampling; Latin hypercube sampling; K-means clustering ID NF-KAPPA-B; TEMPORAL CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; OSCILLATIONS; RESPONSES; MODULE AB The NF-kappa B signaling network plays an important role in many different compartments of the immune system during immune activation. Using a computational model of the NF-kappa B signaling network involving two negative regulators, I kappa B alpha and A20, we performed sensitivity analyses with three different sampling methods and present a ranking of the kinetic rate variables by the strength of their influence on the NF-kappa B signaling response. We also present a classification of temporal-response profiles of nuclear NF-kappa B concentration into six clusters, which can be regrouped to three biologically relevant clusters. Last, we constructed a reduced network of the IKK-NF-kappa B-I kappa B alpha-A20 signal transduction based on the ranking. C1 [Joo, Jaewook; Faulon, Jean-Loup] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comparat Biosci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Plimpton, Steve; Martin, Shawn] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Swiler, Laura] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Joo, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comparat Biosci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjoo@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-689-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2007 VL 1115 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1196/annals.1407.014 PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHB16 UT WOS:000252037600016 PM 17934057 ER PT S AU Doctor, SR AF Doctor, S. R. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nuclear power plant nde challenges - Past, present, and future SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE ISI; UT; POD; LWR; RIISI; performance demonstration AB The operating fleet of U.S. nuclear power plants was built to fossil plant standards (of workmanship, not fitness for service) and with good engineering judgment. Fortuitously, those nuclear power plants were designed using defense-in-depth concepts, with nondestructive examination (NDE) an important layer, so they can tolerate almost any component failure and still continue to operate safely. In the 30+ years of reactor operation, many material failures have occurred. Unfortunately, NDE has not provided the reliability to detect degradation prior to initial failure (breaching the pressure boundary). However, NDE programs have been improved by moving from prescriptive procedures to performance demonstrations that quantify inspection effectiveness for flaw detection probability and sizing accuracy. Other improvements include the use of risk-informed strategies to ensure that reactor components contributing the most risk receive the best and most frequent inspections. Another challenge is the recent surge of interest in building new nuclear power plants in the United States to meet increasing domestic energy demand. New construction will increase the demand for NDE but also offers the opportunity for more proactive inspections. This paper reviews tire inception and evolution of NDE for nuclear power plants over the past 40 years, recounts lessons learned, and describes the needs remaining as existing plants continue operation and new construction is contemplated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doctor, SR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 17 EP 31 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000002 ER PT S AU Klein, A Lance, J AF Klein, Andy Lance, Jack BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Future Directions, challenges and opportunities in nuclear energy in nuclear SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 26A AND 26B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE nuclear energy; nuclear reactors; nuclear fuel; nuclear fuel recycling AB The renaissance of nuclear energy for electricity and hydrogen production and process heat for other potential applications is moving ahead rapidly. Both near- and far-term roles are envisioned for this important energy technology, and each of these roles will have its own particular technical challenges and opportunities. Numerous power producers world-wide are actively considering the construction of new nuclear power plants for the production of electricity in the near-term. The U.S. Department of Energy has announced plans to develop both the next generation of nuclear power plants and the technology necessary to recycle used nuclear fuel. These exciting technologies will bring novel challenges to their developers and designers as they push the knowledge base in materials utilization, high temperatures and pressures, extended operating cycles, and extreme operating environments. Development of the techniques and methods to interrogate, understand, manage and control these devices will be crucial to enabling the full extension of these technologies. C1 [Klein, Andy] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Lance, Jack] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Klein, A (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 32 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000003 ER PT S AU Zhao, X Varma, V Mei, G Chen, H AF Zhao, X. Varma, V. Mei, G. Chen, H. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI In-line nondestructive inspection and classification of mechanical dents in a pipeline with SH wave emats SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE SH EMAT; pipeline inspection; mechanical dents; support vector machines AB Circumferentially guided ultrasonic Shear Horizontal wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer pairs in a through-transmission mode were used for detection and characterization of mechanical dents on the outer surface of a pipe from inside. A mobile fixture with a resolver is designed for the EMAT probes so that the sensor positions and waveforms are recorded as the platform goes through the pipe. Safety critical "cup" dents and relatively benign "saucer" dents of 25% of wall thickness and deeper were successfully detected and classified with the n(1) mode SH wave and a support vector machine classifier. Dent depth estimation is also possible with a signal energy correlation approach. C1 Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 15400 Calhoun Drive, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000018 ER PT S AU DiMambro, J Ashbaugh, DM Nelson, CL Spencer, FW AF DiMambro, J. Ashbaugh, D. M. Nelson, C. L. Spencer, F. W. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Sonic infrared (IR) imaging and fluorescent penetrant inspection probability of detection (POD) comparison SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE sonic IR imaging; fluorescent penetrant inspection; probability of detection; cracks AB Sandia National Laboratories Airworthiness Assurance Nondestructive Inspection Validation Center (AANC) implemented two crack probability of detection (POD) experiments to compare in a quantitative manner the ability of Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging and fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) to reliably detect cracks. Blind Sonic IR and FPI inspections were performed on titanium and Inconel (R) specimens having statistically relevant flaw profiles. Inspector hit/miss data was collected and POD curves for each technique were generated and compared. In addition, the crack lengths for a number of titanium and Inconel (R) reference standards were measured before and after repeated Sonic IR inspections to determine if crack growth occurred. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP DiMambro, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000060 ER PT S AU Ulrich, TJ Sutin, AM Johnson, PA AF Ulrich, T. J. Sutin, A. M. Johnson, P. A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Imaging and characterizing damage using time reversed acoustics SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE time reversed acoustics; nonlinear elasticity; imaging; crack characterization AB Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) has been shown to exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to both distributed and isolated nonlinear scatterers in solids. In the case of an isolated nonlinear scatterer such as a crack, by combining the elastic energy localization of the time reversal mirror (TRM) with NEWS, it is shown here that one can isolate surfacial nonlinear scatterers in solids. The experiments presented here are conducted in a doped glass block applying two different fixed frequency time reversed signals at each focal point and scanning over a localized nonlinear scatterer (a complex crack). The results show a distinct increase in nonlinear response, via intermodulation distortion, over the damaged area. The techniques described herein provide the means to discriminate between linear and nonlinear scatterers, and thus to ultimately image and characterize damaged regions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Ulrich, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 650 EP 656 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000084 ER PT S AU Davis, WB AF Davis, William B. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Simple models and methods for estimating the ultrasonic reflectivity of spot welds SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR AB This paper describes models and methods for estimating the acoustic reflectivity of the welded interfaces between spot-welded sheets from normal-incidence pulse-echo ultrasound signals. The simple geometry of the problem allows an abstraction that does not resort to complex wave equations. Instead, a reflectivity model predicts the timing and amplitude of the echoes arriving at the probe. This reflectivity model is nested in a signal processing model; recovering reflectivity first requires deconvolution to recover discrete impulses from the probe signal, then processing these with the reflectivity model. Reflectivity maps of spot welds generated with this model show promise for predicting weld quality. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 46A 1123B One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1087 EP 1094 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000140 ER PT S AU Barnard, DJ AF Barnard, Daniel J. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Variable pitch comb fixture for Rayleigh wave generation and reception SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE Rayleigh; comb; variable; fixture AB Several methods are available for the generation and reception of Rayleigh waves on a part surface. The use of the so-called "comb" is one method, where the comb elements or "fingers" contact the surface with a spacing between adjacent fingers equal to the Rayleigh wavelength of the substrate for a given frequency. Although efficient and simple, a fixed pitch comb is typically useful only at one frequency for a particular substrate. A simple "parallel link" fixture has been developed where the pitch of the fingers can be varied over a range of spacings, allowing the operator to set the comb pitch for a particular material/frequency at will. The comb elements may be glued to the wear plate of a longitudinal transducer or simply fluid coupled. Elements of the fixture and tests results of the fixtures used for generating Rayleigh waves on aluminum and steel substrates are shown. C1 Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barnard, DJ (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1684 EP 1690 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000219 ER PT S AU Spencer, FW AF Spencer, Floyd W. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI The calculation and use of confidence bounds in POD models SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE probability of detection; binary regression; Hit/Miss data; likelihood ratio; profile likelihood ID CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; BANDS AB At a qualitative level the calculation of a statistical confidence interval for a quantity X is an attempt to answer the question: "How variable could X have been and still be consistent with the data that have been observed?" Models used in POD estimation fit an entire curve to the data in hand. However, the quantity of interest, X(p), is often a single point on the curve, such as the flaw size for which the probability of detection is equal to p. In order to make a confidence statement about X(p) the uncertainty about the parameter estimates are translated to the uncertainty about X(p). Often the calculation is made for each p and the results displayed as a curve. Curves derived in such a manner are not themselves POD-curves, although often interpreted as such. In this paper the most often recommended method in the statistical literature, based on likelihoods, are presented. It is shown that the methodology extends naturally to models incorporating additional parameters to model specific POD behaviors. C1 Independent Surveillance Assessment & Stat, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spencer, FW (reprint author), Independent Surveillance Assessment & Stat, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1791 EP 1798 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000232 ER PT S AU Piotrowski, D Bode, MD AF Piotrowski, David Bode, Michel D. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NDT comparisons of in-service cracks, manufactured cracks and EDM notches SO Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vols 26A and 26B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Portland, OR DE nondestructive inspection; probability of detection; signal response; EDM notches; versus cracks AB Probability of Detection (POD) studies are typically conducted on EDM notches, "manufactured" crack specimens, or actual in-service crack specimens. The purpose of this paper is the education of the aerospace community in the subtle differences and benefits of using each specimen type. Data from previous POD studies are compared to data from teardown of a retired passenger aircraft, resulting in POD data from in-situ defects. Analysis of this data reveals similarities and differences between signals for four (4) types of specimens and four (4) nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods. Additionally, the paper provides an awareness of the assumptions used in each type of POD study, and potential consequences of violating such assumptions. C1 Delta Air Lines, Tech Operat, Atlanta, GA 30320 USA. FAA Airworthiness Assurance NDI VAlidat Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Piotrowski, D (reprint author), Delta Air Lines, Tech Operat, Atlanta, GA 30320 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0399-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 894 BP 1855 EP 1862 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BGB17 UT WOS:000245889000240 ER PT J AU Acremann, Y Chembrolu, V Strachan, JP Tyliszczak, T Stohr, J AF Acremann, Y. Chembrolu, V. Strachan, J. P. Tyliszczak, T. Stohr, J. TI Software defined photon counting system for time resolved x-ray experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The time structure of synchrotron radiation allows time resolved experiments with sub-100 ps temporal resolution using a pump-probe approach. However, the relaxation time of the samples may require a lower repetition rate of the pump pulse compared to the full repetition rate of the x-ray pulses from the synchrotron. The use of only the x-ray pulse immediately following the pump pulse is not efficient and often requires special operation modes where only a few buckets of the storage ring are filled. We designed a novel software defined photon counting system that allows to implement a variety of pump-probe schemes at the full repetition rate. The high number of photon counters allows to detect the response of the sample at multiple time delays simultaneously, thus improving the efficiency of the experiment. The system has been successfully applied to time resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy. However, this technique is applicable more generally. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SSRL, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Acremann, Y (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 014702 DI 10.1063/1.2428274 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300039 PM 17503937 ER PT J AU Bender, H Carlson, C Frayer, D Johnson, D Jones, K Meidinger, A Ekdahl, C AF Bender, H. Carlson, C. Frayer, D. Johnson, D. Jones, K. Meidinger, A. Ekdahl, C. TI Quasianamorphic optical imaging system with tomographic reconstruction for electron beam imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have developed a quasianamorphic optical tomography system coupled to a streak camera to provide continuous recording of the electron beam profile of an intense, long-pulse induction accelerator. A tomographic reconstruction method based on a maximum-entropy algorithm is used to reconstruct the images. The system has simplified the calculation of beam moments, eliminated ambiguity due to beam motion, and contributed to accelerator tuning. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bender, H (reprint author), Bechtel Nevada, POB 809, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013301 DI 10.1063/1.2409770 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300014 PM 17503912 ER PT J AU Cruz, D Chang, JP Fico, M Guymon, AJ Austin, DE Blain, MG AF Cruz, D. Chang, J. P. Fico, M. Guymon, A. J. Austin, D. E. Blain, M. G. TI Design, microfabrication, and analysis of micrometer-sized cylindrical ion trap arrays SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; TRANSMISSION AB A description of the design and microfabrication of arrays of micrometer-scale cylindrical ion traps is offered. Electrical characterization and initial ion trapping experiments with a massively parallel array of 5 mu m internal radius (r(0)) sized cylindrical ion traps (CITs) are also described. The ion trap, materials, and design are presented and shown to be critical in achieving minimal trapping potential while maintaining minimal power consumption. The ion traps, fabricated with metal electrodes, have inner radii of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mu m and range from 5 to 24 mu m in height. The electrical characteristics of packaged ion trap arrays were measured with a vector network analyzer. The testing focused on trapping toluene (C7H8), mass 91, 92, or 93 amu, in the 5 mu m sized CITs. Ions were formed via electron impact ionization and were ejected by turning off the rf voltage applied to the ring electrode; a current signal was collected at this time. Optimum ionization and trapping conditions, such as a sufficient pseudopotential well and high ionization to ion loss rate ratio (as determined by simulation), proved to be difficult to establish due to the high device capacitance and the presence of exposed dielectric material in the trapping region. However, evidence was obtained suggesting the trapping of ions in 1%-15% of the traps in the array. These first tests on micrometer-scale CITs indicated the necessary materials and device design modifications for realizing ultrasmall and low power ion traps. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Blain, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blainmg@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 015107 DI 10.1063/1.2403840 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300048 PM 17503946 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Huang, C Yu, QS AF Duan, Yixiang Huang, C. Yu, Q. S. TI Cold plasma brush generated at atmospheric pressure SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGES; ARC AB A cold plasma brush is generated at atmospheric pressure with low power consumption in the level of several watts (as low as 4 W) up to tens of watts (up to 45 W). The plasma can be ignited and sustained in both continuous and pulsed modes with different plasma gases such as argon or helium, but argon was selected as a primary gas for use in this work. The brush-shaped plasma is formed and extended outside of the discharge chamber with typical dimension of 10-15 mm in width and less than 1.0 mm in thickness, which are adjustable by changing the discharge chamber design and operating conditions. The brush-shaped plasma provides some unique features and distinct nonequilibrium plasma characteristics. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple thermometer showed that the gas phase temperatures of the plasma brush are close to room temperature (as low as 42 degrees C) when running with a relatively high gas flow rate of about 3500 ml/min. For an argon plasma brush, the operating voltage from less than 500 V to about 2500 V was tested, with an argon gas flow rate varied from less than 1000 to 3500 ml/min. The cold plasma brush can most efficiently use the discharge power as well as the plasma gas for material and surface treatment. The very low power consumption of such an atmospheric argon plasma brush provides many unique advantages in practical applications including battery-powered operation and use in large-scale applications. Several polymer film samples were tested for surface treatment with the newly developed device, and successful changes of the wettability property from hydrophobic to hydrophilic were achieved within a few seconds. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Surface Sci & Plasma Technol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C CSE,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yduan@lanl.gov; yuq@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 015104 DI 10.1063/1.2409624 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300045 PM 17503943 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP Chapman, HN AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Chapman, Henry N. TI Reflection of attosecond x-ray free electron laser pulses SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION; PERFECT CRYSTALS; OPTICS AB In order to utilize hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFEL's) when they are extended to attosecond pulse lengths, it is necessary to choose optical elements with minimal response time. Specular grazing-incidence optics made of low-Z materials are popular candidates for reflectors since they are likely to withstand x-ray damage and provide sufficiently large reflectivities. Using linear-optics reflection theory, we calculated the transient reflectivity of a delta-function electric pulse from a homogenous semi-infinite medium as a function of angle of incidence for s- and p-polarized light. We specifically considered the pulse response of beryllium, diamond, silicon carbide, and silicon, all of which are of relevance to the XFEL's that are currently being built. We found that the media emit energy in a damped oscillatory way, and that the impulse-response times are shorter than 0.3 fs for normal incidence. For grazing incidence, the impulse-response time is substantially shorter, making grazing-incidence mirrors a good choice for deep subfemtosecond reflective optics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013104 DI 10.1063/1.2428271 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300006 PM 17503904 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Sharpe, SW Covert, MA AF Johnson, Timothy J. Sharpe, Steven W. Covert, Matthew A. TI A disseminator for rapid, selectable, and quantitative delivery of low- and semi-volatile liquid species to the vapor phase (vol 77, art no 094103, 2006) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 019902 DI 10.1063/1.2424436 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300059 ER PT J AU Marchesini, S AF Marchesini, S. TI A unified evaluation of iterative projection algorithms for phase retrieval SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RECONSTRUCTION; MICROSCOPY; IMAGE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MINIMIZATION; MAGNITUDE; SPECIMENS; PATTERNS; RECOVERY AB Iterative projection algorithms are successfully being used as a substitute of lenses to recombine, numerically rather than optically, light scattered by illuminated objects. Images obtained computationally allow aberration-free diffraction-limited imaging and the possibility of using radiation for which no lenses exist. The challenge of this imaging technique is transferred from the lenses to the algorithms. We evaluate these new computational "instruments" developed for the phase-retrieval problem, and discuss acceleration strategies. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Marchesini, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smarchesini@lbl.gov RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009 NR 61 TC 190 Z9 191 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 011301 DI 10.1063/1.2403783 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300001 PM 17503899 ER PT J AU Rix, JE Weber, JKR Santodonato, LJ Hill, B Walker, LM McPherson, R Wenzel, J Hammons, SE Hodges, J Rennich, M Volin, KJ AF Rix, J. E. Weber, J. K. R. Santodonato, L. J. Hill, B. Walker, L. M. McPherson, R. Wenzel, J. Hammons, S. E. Hodges, J. Rennich, M. Volin, K. J. TI Automated sample exchange and tracking system for neutron research at cryogenic temperatures SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB An automated system for sample exchange and tracking in a cryogenic environment and under remote computer control was developed. Up to 24 sample "cans" per cycle can be inserted and retrieved in a programed sequence. A video camera acquires a unique identification marked on the sample can to provide a record of the sequence. All operations are coordinated via a LABVIEW (TM) program that can be operated locally or over a network. The samples are contained in vanadium cans of 6-10 mm in diameter and equipped with a hermetically sealed lid that interfaces with the sample handler. The system uses a closed-cycle refrigerator (CCR) for cooling. The sample was delivered to a precooling location that was at a temperature of similar to 25 K, after several minutes, it was moved onto a "landing pad" at similar to 10 K that locates the sample in the probe beam. After the sample was released onto the landing pad, the sample handler was retracted. Reading the sample identification and the exchange operation takes approximately 2 min. The time to cool the sample from ambient temperature to similar to 10 K was approximately 7 min including precooling time. The cooling time increases to approximately 12 min if precooling is not used. Small differences in cooling rate were observed between sample materials and for different sample can sizes. Filling the sample well and the sample can with low pressure helium is essential to provide heat transfer and to achieve useful cooling rates. A resistive heating coil can be used to offset the refrigeration so that temperatures up to similar to 350 K can be accessed and controlled using a proportional-integral-derivative control loop. The time for the landing pad to cool to similar to 10 K after it has been heated to similar to 240 K was approximately 20 min. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rix, JE (reprint author), Mat Dev Inc, Arlington Hts, IL 60004 USA. OI Rennich, Mark/0000-0001-6945-0075; Santodonato, Louis/0000-0002-4600-685X NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013907 DI 10.1063/1.2426878 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300035 PM 17503933 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, AR Rodriguez, G Clarke, SA Thomas, KA AF Valenzuela, A. R. Rodriguez, G. Clarke, S. A. Thomas, K. A. TI Photonic Doppler velocimetry of laser-ablated ultrathin metals SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVES; INTERFEROMETER; SURFACES; PLASMA; SYSTEM AB Obtaining velocity information from the interaction of a laser pulse on a metal layer provides insight into the rapid dynamics of material removal and plasma plume physics during ablation. A traditional approach involves using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) on a reflective metal surface. However, when the target is a thin metal layer, the cohesion of the surface is quickly lost resulting in a large spread of particle velocities that cannot be easily resolved by VISAR. This is due to material ejection "confusing" the VISAR measurement surface, effectively washing out the spatial fringe visibility in the VISAR interferometer. A new heterodyne-based optical velocimeter method is the photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV). Because PDV tracks motion in a frequency encoded temporal electro-optical signal, velocity information is preserved and allows for multiple velocity components to be recorded simultaneously. The challenge lies in extracting PDV velocity information at short (nanosecond) laser ablation time scales with rapidly varying heterodyne beats by using electronic, optical, and analytical techniques to recover the velocity information from a fleeting signal. Here we show how we have been able to obtain velocity information on the nanosecond time scale and are able to compare it to hydrodynamic simulations. Also, we examine refinements to our PDV system by increasing the bandwidth, utilizing different probes, and sampling different analysis techniques. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Syst Engn Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valenzuela, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl Div, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Valenzuela, Anthony/C-5297-2008; Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 AR 013101 DI 10.1063/1.2424434 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 131TH UT WOS:000243892300003 PM 17503901 ER PT S AU Fried, LE AF Fried, Laurence E. BE Lipkowitz, KB Cundari, TR TI The Reactivity of Energetic Materials at Extreme Conditions SO REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 25 SE REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POLYATOMIC FLUID MIXTURES; HIGH-PRESSURE; AB-INITIO; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; DETONATION PROPERTIES; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERTURBATION-THEORY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Sci & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fried, LE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Sci & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3599 BN 978-0-470-18907-8 J9 REV COMP CH JI Rev. Comput. Chem. PY 2007 VL 25 BP 159 EP 189 DI 10.1002/9780470189078.ch4 D2 10.1002/9780470189078 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BDR18 UT WOS:000314524500005 ER PT J AU Reardon, PT Graham, AL Feng, SH Chawla, V Admuthe, RS Mondy, LA AF Reardon, Patrick T. Graham, Alan L. Feng, Shihai Chawla, Vibha Admuthe, Rahul S. Mondy, Lisa A. TI Non-Newtonian end effects in falling ball viscometry of concentrated suspensions SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE end-effects; suspensions; non-Newtonian ID PARTICLE MIGRATION; FLOW; VISCOSITY; SPHERES; TRANSLATION; RHEOLOGY; FLUIDS; TUBES; RODS AB In a Newtonian fluid contained in a cylinder, a small ball initially at rest released just below the surface would accelerate to achieve a steady-state velocity within one cylinder diameter. After traversing the center section of the cylinder, the ball would begin slowing down within one cylinder diameter of the bottom. This behavior is also observed in suspensions where the size of the suspended particles is small relative to the containing cylinder. However, in concentrated suspensions of larger suspended particles, balls released near the upper surface travel faster than the steady state velocity. In addition, the length of the upper surface end effect, where the falling ball decelerates to the steady state velocity, and the lower end effect zone, where the ball decelerates to rest at the bottom, is many times longer than in a Newtonian single-phase liquid. These non-Newtonian end effects are reduced if the suspended particles are polydisperse in their size distribution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feng, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-C930, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sfeng@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD JAN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s00397-006-0138-7 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 115AB UT WOS:000242705700006 ER PT B AU Boring, RL AF Boring, R. L. BE Aven, T Vinnem, JE TI Meeting human reliability requirements through human factors design, testing, and modeling SO RISK, RELIABILITY AND SOCIETAL SAFETY, VOLS 1-3: VOL 1: SPECIALISATION TOPICS; VOL 2: THEMATIC TOPICS; VOL 3: APPLICATIONS TOPICS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2007) CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, NORWAY SP Int Res Inst Stavanger, ESRA Norway, Statoil, Proactima/HSE Acad, Safetec, Conocophillips, DNV HO Univ Stavanger AB In the design of novel systems, it is important for the human factors engineer to work in parallel with the human reliability analyst to arrive at the safest achievable design that meets design team safety goals and certification or regulatory requirements. This paper introduces the System Development Safety Triptych, a checklist of considerations for the interplay of human factors and human reliability through design, testing, and modeling in product development. This paper also explores three phases of safe system development, corresponding to the conception, design, and implementation of a system. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Boring, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44786-7 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BHC80 UT WOS:000252215400001 ER PT B AU Boring, RL AF Boring, R. L. BE Aven, T Vinnem, JE TI Dynamic human reliability analysis: Benefits and challenges of simulating human performance SO RISK, RELIABILITY AND SOCIETAL SAFETY, VOLS 1-3: VOL 1: SPECIALISATION TOPICS; VOL 2: THEMATIC TOPICS; VOL 3: APPLICATIONS TOPICS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2007) CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, NORWAY SP Int Res Inst Stavanger, ESRA Norway, Statoil, Proactima/HSE Acad, Safetec, Conocophillips, DNV HO Univ Stavanger AB To date, there has been considerable work on dynamic event trees and other areas related to dynamic probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). The counterpart to these efforts in human reliability analysis (HRA) has centered on the development of specific methods to account for the dynamic nature of human performance. In this paper, the author posits that the key to dynamic HRA is not in the development of specific methods but in the utilization of cognitive modeling and simulation to produce a framework of data that may be used in quantifying the likelihood of human error. This paper provides an overview of simulation approaches to HRA; reviews differences between first, second, and dynamic generation HRA; and outlines potential benefits and challenges of this approach. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Boring, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44786-7 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1043 EP 1049 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BHC80 UT WOS:000252215401015 ER PT B AU Boring, RL AF Boring, R. L. BE Aven, T Vinnem, JE TI A review of expertise and judgment processes for risk estimation SO RISK, RELIABILITY AND SOCIETAL SAFETY, VOLS 1-3: VOL 1: SPECIALISATION TOPICS; VOL 2: THEMATIC TOPICS; VOL 3: APPLICATIONS TOPICS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2007) CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, NORWAY SP Int Res Inst Stavanger, ESRA Norway, Statoil, Proactima/HSE Acad, Safetec, Conocophillips, DNV HO Univ Stavanger ID PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE AB A major challenge of risk and reliability analysis for human errors or hardware failures is the need to enlist expert opinion in areas for which adequate operational data are not available. Experts enlisted in this capacity provide probabilistic estimates of reliability, typically comprised of a measure of central tendency and uncertainty bounds. While formal guidelines for expert elicitation are readily available, they largely fail to provide a theoretical basis for expertise and judgment. This paper reviews expertise and judgment in the context of risk analysis; overviews judgment biases, the role of training, and multivariate judgments; and provides guidance on the appropriate use of atomistic and holistic judgment processes. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Boring, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44786-7 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1901 EP 1907 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BHC80 UT WOS:000252215401126 ER PT B AU Kelly, DL AF Kelly, D. L. BE Aven, T Vinnem, JE TI Bayesian modeling of time trends in component reliability data via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation SO RISK, RELIABILITY AND SOCIETAL SAFETY, VOLS 1-3: VOL 1: SPECIALISATION TOPICS; VOL 2: THEMATIC TOPICS; VOL 3: APPLICATIONS TOPICS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2007) CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, NORWAY SP Int Res Inst Stavanger, ESRA Norway, Statoil, Proactima/HSE Acad, Safetec, Conocophillips, DNV HO Univ Stavanger AB Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques represent an extremely flexible and powerful approach to Bayesian modeling. This work illustrates the application of such techniques to time-dependent reliability of components with repair. The WinBUGS package is used to illustrate, via examples, how Bayesian techniques can be used for parametric statistical modeling of time-dependent component reliability. Additionally, the crucial, but often overlooked subject of model validation is discussed, and summary statistics for judging the model's ability to replicate the observed data are developed, based on the posterior predictive distribution for the parameters of interest. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kelly, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44786-7 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1985 EP 1990 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BHC80 UT WOS:000252215401136 ER PT J AU Ochsenreiter, T Cipriano, M Hajduk, SL AF Ochsenreiter, Torsten Cipriano, Michael Hajduk, Stephen L. TI KISS: The kinetoplastid RNA editing sequence search tool SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Trypanosoma brucei; RNA editing; guide RNA; minicircle ID MULTIPLE GUIDE RNAS; TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; MESSENGER-RNA; DATABASE; MINICIRCLES; GENES AB Kinetoplastid mitochondrial mRNA editing is a post-transcriptional process of uridine insertion and deletion. Editing is mediated by small RNA molecules termed guide RNAs (gRNAs). Most gRNAs are encoded by numerous small circular DNA minicircles, while the protein coding mitochondrial genes are encoded on a separate, larger genome called the maxicircle. In order to provide a workbench for the analysis of RNA editing in kinetoplastids and a well-annotated set of guide RNAs for Trypanosoma brucei, we generated the kinetoplastid RNA editing sequence search tool (KISS) (http://gmod.mbl.edu/kiss/). KISS is a pipeline and database that uses BLAST comparisons and minicircle sequence motifs to annotate potential gRNAs and cognate mRNA editing sequence. KISS 1.0 contains all previously known minicircle and maxicircle data from Trypanosoma brucei plus > 400 new minicircle sequences. Using an online format, KISS 1.0 allows the mapping and visualization of all known T. brucei gRNAs to minicircle genes and to potential mRNA substrates for RNA editing. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hajduk, SL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM shajduk@bmb.uga.edu RI Ochsenreiter, Torsten/E-6040-2010 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1261/rna.232907 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122DV UT WOS:000243206800001 PM 17123956 ER PT B AU Wang, JSY AF Wang, J. S. Y. BE Eberhardt, E Stead, D Morrison, T TI Earth science collaborations for Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory SO ROCK MECHANICS: MEETING SOCIETY'S CHALLENGES AND DEMANDS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL: FUNDAMENTALS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES & NEW IDEAS; VOL 2: CASE HISTORIES SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Canada/United States Rock Mechanics Symposium CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Canadian Rock Mech Assoc, Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB Work on the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) has made great progress in 2006, with the release of a Deep Science report by a site-independent study (Solicitation-1, or S-1) and the submittals of two S-2 conceptual design reports - one from the active Henderson mine in Colorado and the other from the abandoned (now State-owned) Homestake mine in South Dakota - towards the final DUSEL site selection scheduled for 2007. The earth-science collaborations in hydrology, geochemistry, geophysics, rock mechanics, ecology/geomicrobiology, and coupled processes have evolved since 2000 to include recent community-wide deliberations in six S-1 working groups, and extensive interest expressed through over 60 Letters of Interest to the Homestake Authority and Collaboration. The proposed initial suite of experiments at Homestake can start with establishing a seismic network by using boreholes and along multiple levels, sampling fluid for in situ hydrogeochemical/biological states, and improving site models using information about localized distributions of low-rate and slightly basic inflows into underground workings. The siting of niches and blocks for long-term coupled process testing and the design of large caverns can proceed with DUSEL entries. There is also interest in designing energy-related studies, for example, using a ventilation shaft or dead-end drift for carbon dioxide injection experiments. As another example, earth-science investigators are collaborating with physicists on geoneutrino and other radiation studies to quantify the distributions of geothermal sources in the earth's crust and at its core. Given the expected high stress at great depths, large excavations for physics detectors, and elevated temperatures anticipated in deep boreholes, the Homestake offers ample opportunities for DUSEL collaborations to design field-testing programs for solving critical earth-science problems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JSY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44401-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1201/NOE0415444019-c138 PG 9 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BHC79 UT WOS:000252215300138 ER PT B AU Park, BY Herrick, CG Lee, MY Ehgartner, BL AF Park, B. Y. Herrick, C. G. Lee, M. Y. Ehgartner, B. L. BE Eberhardt, E Stead, D Morrison, T TI Numerical simulation evaluating the standoff distance of SPR caverns from the edge of the Big Hill Salt Dome, USA SO ROCK MECHANICS: MEETING SOCIETY'S CHALLENGES AND DEMANDS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL: FUNDAMENTALS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES & NEW IDEAS; VOL 2: CASE HISTORIES SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Canada/United States Rock Mechanics Symposium CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Canadian Rock Mech Assoc, Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB This paper describes a series of three dimensional simulations for the Big Hill Strategic Petroleum Reserve facility located near Winnie, TX The storage capacity of the Big Hill facility is currently 170 million barrels of oil. Solution-mined caverns in salt have provided a means to safely store liquid and gas hydrocarbons in the USA for more than 60 years. In the Gulf Coast, salt domes have become excellent hosts for numerous storage caverns due to their favorable geologic properties. To develop new caverns, companies are increasingly turning toward marginal locations near the peripheries of domes where geologic uncertainty increases. Thus the sizes of caverns have increased and cavern fields have expanded towards the lateral edge of dome. This paper attempts to model expansion of the SPR cavern field at Big Hill and addresses the resulting performance and stability issues. C1 [Park, B. Y.; Herrick, C. G.; Lee, M. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM USA. RP Park, BY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44401-9 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1227 EP 1233 DI 10.1201/NOE0415444019-c152 PG 7 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BHC79 UT WOS:000252215300152 ER PT S AU Tsang, CF Rutqvist, J Min, KB AF Tsang, C-F. Rutqvist, J. Min, K-B. BE David, C LeRavalecDupin, M TI Fractured rock hydromechanics: from borehole testing to solute transport and CO(2) storage SO ROCK PHYSICS AND GEOMECHANICS IN THE STUDY OF RESERVOIRS AND REPOSITORIES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics CY SEP 18-22, 2005 CL Ile dOleron, FRANCE SP IFP, Total, ANDRA, CNRS, Univ CergyPontoise ID STRESS-DEPENDENT PERMEABILITY; ELEMENT METHOD; POROUS ROCKS; FLUID-FLOW; MASSES; FORMULATION AB The interaction between mechanical deformation and fluid flow in fractured rock gives rise to a host of coupled hydromechanical processes, which form the basis of a number of interesting research questions with practical implications. This paper will first discuss these processes in general, describing two numerical models that have been developed to analyse these processes. Then, four very different studies will be presented to illustrate the richness of this field. The first study has to do with borehole injection testing to determine fracture parameters and how hydromechanical effects will modify test results. The second study is on stress changes ( caused by stress release) in rock near a tunnel during excavation, which cause significant changes in fluid pressures in the region. The third study is on the relationship between mechanical effects and flow anisotropy and channelling in a rock block with a fracture network. The fourth study pertains to the hydromechanical effects associated with deep CO(2) injection and storage. These examples serve to demonstrate the various interesting research problems in fractured rock hydromechanics. In the coming years, we expect intensified activity and further advances in this exciting field of research. C1 [Tsang, C-F.; Rutqvist, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cftsang@lbl.gov RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-230-4 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2007 VL 284 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1144/SP284.2 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BKG45 UT WOS:000268024600002 ER PT J AU Ticos, CM AF Ticos, Catalin M. TI Ion-driven dust waves in a rf plasma crystal SO ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE PLASMA; INSTABILITY; OSCILLATIONS; PARTICLES AB Dust acoustic waves formed in a dust crystal in the driven electrode sheath of a capacitive rf plasma are presented. They are generated by an ion-dust streaming instability driven by ions entering the sheath at the Bohm speed and being further accelerated towards the electrode. Lowering the fill gas pressure below a certain critical value reduces dust-neutral damping so allowing the waves to grow. The collective oscillations are found to be at a fixed frequency while the phase velocity increases as the pressure is reduced. C1 [Ticos, Catalin M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. RP Ticos, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ticos, Catalin/F-1677-2011 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITURA ACAD ROMANE PI BUCURESTI PA CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCURESTI 050711, ROMANIA SN 1221-146X J9 ROM J PHYS JI Rom. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5-7 BP 759 EP 764 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 289BB UT WOS:000255028900027 ER PT J AU Boiarkine, OV Kuznetsov, YA Svyatskiy, DA AF Boiarkine, O. V. Kuznetsov, Yu. A. Svyatskiy, D. A. TI Diffusion equation on nonmatching distorted hexahedral meshes SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Matrix Methods and Operator Equations CY JUN 20-25, 2005 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numerical Math, Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Exxon Mobil Upstream Res Co, Int Fdn Technol & Invest AB In this paper we consider a mixed finite element discretization for the diffusion equation on special nonmatching distorted hexahedral meshes. The model problem is motivated by applications in geosciences. We assume that the computational domain is presented as a union of two subdomains separated by, generally speaking, a nonplanar surface, the so-called fault interface. Each subdomain is divided into several 'horizontal' layers corresponding to the media with different material properties. We construct logically cubic hexahedral meshes in each subdomain, which are conforming on the interfaces between different layers but are not obliged to match on the fault interface. We perform a special fault interface reconstruction algorithm in order to construct a conforming polyhedral mesh in the whole domain. Finally, we discretize the problem by the mixed finite element method invented in [2]. The numerical results demonstrate good accuracy of the proposed method. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow 119333, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boiarkine, OV (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, 651 Philip G Hoffman Hall, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0927-6467 J9 RUSS J NUMER ANAL M JI Russ. J. Numer. Anal. Math. Model PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1515/RJNAMM.2007.015 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 209FM UT WOS:000249374400002 ER PT B AU Endicott-Popovsky, BE Fluckiger, JD Frincke, DA AF Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara E. Fluckiger, J. D. Frincke, Deborah A. BE Huang, MY Frincke, DA TI Establishing tap reliability in expert witness testimony: Using scenarios to identify calibration needs SO SADFE 2007: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO DIGITAL FORENSIC ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering SADFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP NW Secur Inst AB A means to establish a level of soundness for low-layer network devices is important to support in-house organizational investigations that pursue legal remedies. Those providing expert testimony must be able to speak competently to the reliability of these devices in order to establish confidence in the accuracy and completeness of the data they collect; however, manufacturers rarely provide conclusive information about performance to a degree that will survive legal challenge. This paper applies a model for creating calibration test suites, developed in [1], to several misuse and defense-against-negligence scenarios in order to create appropriate calibration tests. The insights gained result in recommendations for a calibration regime for forensic aggregator taps that will ready them for supporting expert testimony. C1 [Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara E.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fluckiger, J. D.; Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Endicott-Popovsky, BE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM endicott@u.washington.edu; jd@pnl.gov; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2808-3 J9 INT WORK SYS APPR D PY 2007 BP 131 EP 144 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Legal SC Computer Science; Legal Medicine GA BGF51 UT WOS:000246444500012 ER PT B AU Erbacher, RF Endicott-Popovsky, B Frincke, DA AF Erbacher, Robert F. Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara Frincke, Deborah A. BE Huang, MY Frincke, DA TI Challenge paper: Validation of forensic techniques for criminal prosecution SO SADFE 2007: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO DIGITAL FORENSIC ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering SADFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP NW Secur Inst C1 [Erbacher, Robert F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, UMC 4205, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Erbacher, RF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, UMC 4205, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Robert.Erbacher@usu.edu; endicott@u.washington.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2808-3 J9 INT WORK SYS APPR D PY 2007 BP 150 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medicine, Legal SC Computer Science; Legal Medicine GA BGF51 UT WOS:000246444500014 ER PT S AU Lambert, JDB Lambert, R AF Lambert, J. D. B. Lambert, R. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI An overview of spent fuel storage at commercial reactors in the united states SO SAFETY RELATED ISSUES OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE PWR and BWR reactors; spent nuclear fuel (SNF); wet and dry storage; fuel storage pools; dry storage casks; independent spent fuel storage installations AB A legacy of the growth in the use of nuclear power in the USA over 1960-2005 has been the accumulation of large quantities of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) at the reactor sites, a situation initially caused by an embargo on fuel reprocessing and later exacerbated by delays in the opening of a national repository. The nation's inventory of SNF stands at similar to 54,000 metric tons of heavy metal (MTHM) in late 2005, and grows at an annual rate of similar to 1,750 MTHM. Storage pools are becoming full as a result, despite the use of high-density fuel racks. To alleviate the problem older SNF assemblies are being dry stored in casks placed on concrete pads in independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSls). There are now 30 ISFSls in the USA and their number is growing. Experience with both wet and dry storage has been very reassuring. Wet-stored SNF derives its stability from an adherent oxide layer on its Zircaloy cladding which resists further corrosion, even in water of poor quality. The destructive examination of SNF that had been vacuum-dried and stored in He-filled casks for nearly 15 years revealed no increase in the internal fission-gas pressure or increase in the cladding creep of its fuel rods. The terrorist attacks of September 2001 focused attention on the security of reactors and their associated SNF storage. Analysis suggests that dry storage at an ISFSI may be more secure than wet storage at a reactor. However, off-loading SNF to dry storage and a return to the use of open-frame racking are measures that could improve security at spent fuel pools. C1 [Lambert, J. D. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. [Lambert, R.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Lambert, JDB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. EM johnlambert@anl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_4 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900004 ER PT S AU Hill, TJ Fillmore, DL AF Hill, T. J. Fillmore, D. L. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Managing spent nuclear fuel at the Idaho National Laboratory SO SAFETY RELATED ISSUES OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE spent nuclear fuel; dry storage; wet storage; drying spent nuclear fuel; dry storage test program AB The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has a large inventory of diverse types of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). This legacy derives from the history of the INL as the National Reactor Testing Station, and from its mission to recover highly enriched uranium (HEU) from SNF and to test and examine SNF after irradiation. The INL also has a large diversity of SNF storage facilities, around 50 years old. SNF at INL has many forms-from intact assemblies down to metallurgical mounts, and some fuel has been wet-stored for over 40 years. SNF is stored bare or in metal cans under water, or dry in vaults, caissons or casks. Inspection shows varying corrosion and degradation of the SNF and its storage cans. SNF has been stored in 10 different facilities: 5 pools, one cask storage pad, one vault, two generations of caisson facilities, and one modular Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI). The pools range in age from 40 years to the most modem in the US Department of Energy (DOE) complex. The near-term objective is to move SNF from older pools to interim dry storage, allowing shutdown and decommissioning of the older facilities. This move involves drying methods that are dependent on fuel type. The long-term objective is to have INL SNF in safe dry storage and ready to be shipped to the National Repository. The unique features of the INL SNF requires special treatments and packaging to meet the proposed repository acceptance criteria and SNF will be repackaged in standardized canisters for shipment and disposal in the National Repository. Disposal will use the standardized canisters that can be codisposed with high-level waste (HLW) glass logs to limit the total fissile material in a repository waste package. The DOE standardized canister also simplifies the repository handling of the multitude of DOE SNF sizes and shapes. C1 [Hill, T. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Fillmore, D. L.] Idaho Closure Project, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Hill, TJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Thomas.hill@inl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 71 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_5 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900005 ER PT S AU Romanenko, OG Tazhibaeva, IL Wells, D Herrick, A Michelbacher, JA Knight, C Polyakov, VI Privalov, U Sobolev, M Shtynda, U Gainullina, A Yakovlev, IL Shirobokov, UP Ivanov, AI Pugachev, GP AF Romanenko, O. G. Tazhibaeva, I. L. Wells, D. Herrick, A. Michelbacher, J. A. Knight, C. Polyakov, V. I. Privalov, U. Sobolev, M. Shtynda, U. Gainullina, A. Yakovlev, I. L. Shirobokov, U. P. Ivanov, A. I. Pugachev, G. P. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Strategy for handling spent BN-350 cesium traps in the Republic of Kazakhstan SO SAFETY RELATED ISSUES OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE BN-350 fast reactor; primary sodium purification; cesium contamination; trap accumulators; reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC); small-size adsorber for removal of radioactivity (MAVR) AB A major task during decommissioning of fast reactors is draining and processing the primary sodium, which-by end of operations-is usually significantly contaminated by fission products and fuel released from failures. The most hazardous fission product is Cs-137 because of its large contribution to total activity of the primary sodium and its 30-year half-life. In fact, direct processing of sodium without removal of Cs-137 is problematic. Cesium was removed from primary sodium in the BN-350 fast reactor in two ways: in the 1980s by means of graphite traps in special in-core assemblies, and, before draining in 2003, by means of traps connected to the primary circuit, which contained reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) of very high surface area. The use of both types of very efficient trap concentrated radioactive cesium from 10 to 15 years of reactor operation in relatively small devices, and gave safe working conditions around the primary circuit. However, the traps are highly active solid waste, they are chemically active and prone to fire, and must be transferred in a secure state suitable for long-term storage. This paper describes the design and operation of BN-350 cesium traps and discusses the means being considered for their safe handling and disposal in Kazakhstan. C1 [Romanenko, O. G.; Tazhibaeva, I. L.] Nucl Technol Safety Ctr, Liza Chaikina 4, Alma Ata 050020, Kazakhstan. [Wells, D.; Herrick, A.] NUKEM Ltd, London, England. [Michelbacher, J. A.; Knight, C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Polyakov, V. I.; Privalov, U.; Sobolev, M.; Shtynda, U.; Gainullina, A.; Yakovlev, I. L.] Res Inst Atom React, Dimitrovgrad, Russia. [Yakovlev, I. L.; Shirobokov, U. P.; Ivanov, A. I.; Pugachev, G. P.] Mangyshlak Atom Energy Complex Kazatomprom, Karaganda, Kazakhstan. RP Romanenko, OG (reprint author), Nucl Technol Safety Ctr, Liza Chaikina 4, Alma Ata 050020, Kazakhstan. EM romanenko@ntsc.kz FU US Department of State and by DTI, UK through the ISTC [K-512] FX This work was financially supported jointly by the US Department of State and by DTI, UK through the ISTC K-512 project. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_8 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900008 ER PT S AU Johnson, AB AF Johnson, A. B., Jr. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Understanding and managing the aging of spent fuel and facility components in wet storage SO Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE fuel storage pools; pitting corrosion; microbially influenced corrosion; intergranular stress corrosion cracking; aging management programs AB Storage has become the leading management option for spent reactor fuel and many storage facilities are operating longer than originally anticipated. Aging is a term that focuses attention on the consequences of such extended operation on the systems, structures, and components (SSCs) of storage facilities. The key to mitigating age-related degradation in storage facilities is to understand and manage aging of the facility materials. A systematic approach to preclude serious effects of age-related degradation is addressed in this paper, which mainly deals with test and research reactors (RRs). The first need is to assess the facility materials and their environments. Access to historical data on facility design, fabrication, and operation can facilitate assessment of expected materials performance. Methods to assess the current condition of facility materials are summarized in the paper. Each facility needs an aging management plan to define the scope of the management program, involving identification of the materials that need specific actions to manage age-related degradation. For each material, one or more aging management programs (AMPs) are developed and become part of the plan. Several national and international organizations have developed comprehensive approaches to aging management. A method developed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is recommended as a template for organizing measures to effectively manage age-related degradation of storage facility materials, including the scope of inspection, surveillance, and maintenance needed to ensure successful operation of the facility over its required life. Important to effective aging management is a staff alert to evidence of materials degradation and committed to carrying out the AMPs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, AB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2007 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_11 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900011 ER PT S AU Iyer, NC Vinson, DW Sindelar, RL Thomas, JE Adams, TM AF Iyer, N. C. Vinson, D. W. Sindelar, R. L. Thomas, J. E. Adams, T. M. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Interim storage and long-term disposal of research reactor spent fuel in the United States SO SAFETY RELATED ISSUES OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE Al-based spent fuels; wet storage; basin storage; dry storage; repository disposal; melt-dilute; mobile system; high-enriched spent fuel AB Aluminum clad research reactor spent nuclear fuel (RR SNF) is currently being consolidated in wet storage basins (pools). Approximately 20 metric tons (heavy metal) of aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel (Al-SNF) is being consolidated for treatment, packaging, interim storage, and preparation for ultimate disposal in a geologic repository. The storage and disposal of Al-SNF are subject to requirements that provide for safety and acceptable radionuclide release. The options studied for interim storage of SNF include wet storage and dry storage. Two options have also been studied to develop the technical basis for the qualification and repository disposal of aluminum spent fuel. The two options studied include direct disposal and melt-dilute treatment. The implementation of these options present relative benefits and challenges. Both the direct disposal and the melt-dilute treatment options have been developed and their technical viability assessed. Adaptation of the melt-dilute technology for the treatment of spent fuel offers the benefits of converting the spent fuel into a proliferation resistant form and/or significantly reducing the volume of the spent fuel. A mobile melt-dilute system concept has emerged to realize these benefits and a prototype system developed. The application of the melt-dilute technology for the treatment of legacy nuclear materials has been evaluated and also offers the promise for the safe disposal of these materials. C1 [Iyer, N. C.; Vinson, D. W.; Sindelar, R. L.; Thomas, J. E.; Adams, T. M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Iyer, NC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM natraj.iyer@srnl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_16 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900016 ER PT S AU Sindelar, RL Vormelker, PR Deible, RW Thomas, JE AF Sindelar, R. L. Vormelker, P. R. Deible, R. W. Thomas, J. E. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Managing spent fuel in wet storage at the savannah river site SO SAFETY RELATED ISSUES OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL STORAGE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE al-based fuels; spent nuclear fuel (SNF); pitting; galvanic and general corrosion; corrosion coupons; control of water pH and conductivity; cyclic polarization tests; high heat-flux corrosion ID CORROSION; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS AB Spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) received from reactor sites around the world are being stored in the L-Basin at the Savannah River site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina. The predominant fuel types are research reactor fuel with aluminum-alloy cladding and aluminum-based fuel. Other fuel materials include stainless steel and zircaloy cladding with uranium oxide fuel. Standing chemistry control and corrosion surveillance programs have been established and upgraded since the early 1990s to minimize corrosion degradation of the aluminum cladding materials, so as to maintain fuel integrity and minimize personnel exposure from radioactivity in the basin water. Recent activities that have been initiated to support additional decades of wet storage include fuel inspection and corrosion testing to evaluate the effects of specific water impurity species on corrosion attack. An overview is given of the activities that have been successful at maintaining spent fuel integrity in wet storage at SRS. Additional topics, including the role of the surface oxide layer in stabilizing aluminum against corrosion during wet storage, and recent research program findings of exfoliation of aluminum during high-heat flux exposure to water that may occur in high power reactor operation, are discussed. C1 [Sindelar, R. L.; Vormelker, P. R.; Deible, R. W.; Thomas, J. E.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Sindelar, RL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM robert.sindelar@srnl.doe.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 245 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_17 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900017 ER PT S AU Garner, FA AF Garner, F. A. BE Lambert, JDB Kadyrzhanov, KK TI Influence of neutron irradiation on mechanical and dimensional stability of irradiated stainless steels and its possible impact on spent fuel storage SO Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN SP NATO DE stainless steels; fast-neutron flux; displacements per atom (dpa); transmutation; embrittlement; void swelling; radiation-induced segregation; phase instabilities ID FISSION-FUSION CORRELATIONS; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; HYDROGEN; EMBRITTLEMENT; DISPLACEMENT; INSTABILITY; RETENTION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB Stainless steels used as cladding and structural materials in nuclear reactors undergo very pronounced changes in physical and mechanical properties during irradiation at elevated temperatures, often quickly leading to an increased tendency toward embrittlement. On a somewhat longer time scale there arise very significant changes in component volume and relative dimensions due to void swelling and irradiation creep. Irradiation creep is an inherently undamaging process but once swelling exceeds the 5-10 % range austenitic steels become exceptionally brittle. Other processes also contribute to embrittlement and thereby contribute to difficulty in storing and handling of spent fuel assemblies removed from decommissioned fast reactors. In light water reactors other forms of embrittlement develop prior to reaching significant levels of void swelling. A review is presented of our current understanding of the radiation-induced changes in physical and mechanical properties that contribute to embrittlement. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5901-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2007 BP 307 EP 327 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5903-2_21 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGG51 UT WOS:000246676900021 ER PT J AU Joy, DC Meyer, HM Bolorizadeh, M Lin, YH Newbury, D AF Joy, David C. Meyer, Harry M., III Bolorizadeh, Mehdi Lin, Yinghong Newbury, Dale TI On the production of X-rays by low energy ion beams SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE fluorescent X-rays; electrons; ions ID CROSS-SECTION; DEPENDENCE AB Although electron beams with energies of a few keV can excite fluorescent X-ray production from solids, ion beams of comparable energy cannot do so. The reason for this situation is that it is the velocity of the incident particle, rather than its energy, which determines whether an ionization event can be generated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Electron Beam Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/sca.20002 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 142RG UT WOS:000244666800001 PM 17330253 ER PT S AU Joo, B AF Joo, Balint BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI SciDAC-2 software infrastructure for lattice QCD SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB We present work carried out by the USQCD Collaboration on Software Infrastructure funded under SciDAC 2. We present successes of the software from the original SciDAC I project as well as ongoing and future work. We outline the various scientific collaborations SciDAC-2 has created. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Joo, B (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U273 EP U277 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012034 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200034 ER PT S AU McGraw, R AF McGraw, Robert BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Numerical advection of correlated tracers: Preserving particle size/composition moment sequences during transport of aerosol mixtures SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID REPRESENTATION AB Nonlinear transport algorithms designed to reduce numerical diffusion fail to preserve correlations between moments, isotope abundances, etc. when these scalar densities are transported in models as separate tracers. In case of the particle size/composition coordinates of an aerosol, such loss can give rise to unphysical moment sets. New statistical approaches to aerosol dynamics, which involve tracking moments directly, offer highly efficient alternatives to sectional and modal methods for representing aerosols in climate models, but it is essential that moment set integrity be preserved throughout a simulation. In this paper we review the problem and weaknesses of previous attempts at solution, including vector transport - a scheme in which the moments, as internal aerosol coordinates, are transported together with a single lead tracer such as number or mass. A non-negative least squares (NNLS) solution that finally eliminates the problem without requiring modification of the transport algorithm itself is presented. Following each transport step, new moment sets are resolved into sums of previously validated sets with non-negative coefficients using NNLS. Transport errors are removed and the now guaranteed-to-be-valid moment sets are ready for passage to the aerosol dynamics module. In addition to moment set validation, the new scheme reduces numerical diffusion during transport and provides greater accuracy for the source apportionment of aerosol mixtures. The method is not limited to moment transport - similar improvements in accuracy are expected using NNLS in conjunction with modal and sectional methods. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McGraw, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U345 EP U349 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012045 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200045 ER PT S AU Shepard, R AF Shepard, R. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Advanced software for the calculation of thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB The Born-Oppenheimer separation of the Schroedinger equation allows the electronic and nuclear motions to be solved in three steps. 1) The solution of the electronic wave function at a discrete set of molecular conformations; 2) the fitting of this discrete set of energy values in order to construct an analytical approximation to the potential energy surface (PES) at all molecular conformations; 3) the use of this analytical PES to solve for the nuclear motion using either time-dependent or time-independent formulations to compute molecular energy values, chemical reaction rates, and cumulative reaction probabilities. This project involves the development of technology to address all three of these steps. This report focuses on our recent work on the optimization of nonlinear wave function parameters for the electronic wave functions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shepard, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U520 EP U524 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012067 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200067 ER PT S AU Trebotich, D AF Trebotich, David BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Simulation of biological flow and transport in complex geometries using embedded boundary volume-of-fluid methods SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POISSONS-EQUATION; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB We have developed a simulation capability to model multiscale flow and transport in complex biological systems based on algorithms and software infrastructure developed under the SciDAC APDEC CET. The foundation of this work is a new hybrid fluid-particle method for modeling polymer fluids in irregular microscale geometries that enables long-time simulation of validation experiments. Both continuum viscoelastic and discrete particle representations have been used to model the constitutive behavior of polymer fluids. Complex flow environment geometries are represented oil Cartesian grids using an implicit function. Direct simulation of flow in the irregular geometry is then possible using embedded boundary/volume-of-fluid methods without loss of geometric detail. This capability has been used to simulate biological flows in a variety of application geometries including biomedical microdevices, anatomical structures and porous media. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trebotich, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U566 EP U570 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012076 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200076 ER PT S AU Van de Water, RS AF Van de Water, Ruth S. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D CA USQCD Collaboration TI Testing the Standard model of particle physics using lattice QCD SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID DECAYS AB Recent advances in both computers and algorithms now allow realistic calculations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) interactions using the numerical technique of lattice QCD. The methods used in so-called "2+1 flavor" lattice calculations have been verified both by post-dictions of quantities that were already experimentally well-known and by predictions that occurred before the relevant experimental determinations were sufficiently precise. This suggests that the sources of systematic error in lattice calculations are under control, and that lattice QCD can now be reliably used to calculate those weak matrix elements that cannot be measured experimentally but are necessary to interpret the results of many high-energy physics experiments. These same calculations also allow stringent tests of the Standard Model of particle physics, and may therefore lead to the discovery of new physics in the future. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Van de Water, RS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U585 EP U589 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012079 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200079 ER PT S AU Vranas, P AF Vranas, Pavlos BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI QCD and the BlueGene SO SciDac 2007: Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Quantum Chromodynamics is the theory of nuclear and sub-nuclear physics. It is a celebrated theory and one of its inventors, F. Wilczek, has termed it as "... our most perfect physical theory". Part of this is related to the fact that QCD can be numerically simulated from first principles using the methods of lattice gauge theory. The computational demands of QCD are enormous and have not only played a role in the history of supercomputers but are also helping define their future. Here I will discuss the intimate relation of QCD and massively parallel supercomputers with focus on the Blue Gene supercomputer and QCD thermodynamics. I will present results on the performance of QCD on the Blue Gene as well as physics simulation results of QCD at temperatures high enough that sub-nuclear matter transitions to a plasma state of elementary particles, the quark gluon plasma. This state of matter is thought to have existed at around 10 microseconds after the big bang. Current heavy ion experiments are in the quest of reproducing it for the first time since then. And numerical simulations of QCD on the Blue Gene systems are calculating the theoretical values of fundamental parameters so that comparisons of experiment and theory can be made. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vranas, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 BP U590 EP U599 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012080 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200080 ER PT S AU Adams, MF Ethier, S Wichmann, N AF Adams, M. F. Ethier, S. Wichmann, N. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Performance of particle in cell methods on highly concurrent computational architectures SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SIMULATION AB Particle in cell (PIC) methods are effective in computing Vlasov-Poisson system of equations used in simulations of magnetic fusion plasmas. PIC methods use grid based computations, for solving Poisson's equation or more generally Maxwell's equations, as well as Monte-Carlo type methods to sample the Vlasov equation. The presence of two types of discretizations, deterministic field solves and Monte-Carlo methods for the Vlasov equation, pose challenges in understanding and optimizing performance on today large scale computers which require high levels of concurrency. These challenges arises from the need to optimize two very different types of processes and the interactions between them. Modern cache based high-end computers have very deep memory hierarchies and high degrees of concurrency which must be utilized effectively to achieve good performance. The effective use of these machines requires maximizing concurrency by eliminating serial or redundant work and minimizing global communication. A related issue is minimizing the memory traffic between levels of the memory hierarchy because performance is often limited by the bandwidths and latencies of the memory system. This paper discusses some of the performance issues, particularly in regard to parallelism, of PIC methods. The gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) is used for these studies and a new radial grid decomposition is presented and evaluated. Scaling of the code is demonstrated on ITER sized plasmas with up to 16K Cray XT3/4 cores. C1 [Adams, M. F.] Columbia Univ, APAM, 500 W 12th St,Rm 200,MC 4701, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ethier, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wichmann, N.] Cray Inc, Seattle, WA USA. RP Adams, MF (reprint author), Columbia Univ, APAM, 500 W 12th St,Rm 200,MC 4701, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ma2325@columbia.edu FU DOE SciDAC center for gyrokinetic particle simulations (GPSC); DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work is supported by the DOE SciDAC center for gyrokinetic particle simulations (GPSC) and in part by the DOE contract number DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200001 ER PT S AU Alrngreni, AS Bell, JB Zingale, M AF Alrngreni, A. S. Bell, J. B. Zingale, M. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI MAESTRO: A low Mach number stellar hydrodynamics code SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID IA SUPERNOVAE; CARBON IGNITION; MODEL AB Convective astrophysical flows, such as those leading up to Type la supernovae, can be characterized by low Mach numbers (M << 1). One can neglect acoustic waves in the modeling of these flows, but must retain compressibility effects due to nuclear reactions and background stratification in order to accurately model the convection and initial burning. We present here a new algorithm, MAESTRO, that is specifically designed for efficient long-time integration leading to ignition. Here, we discuss the state of this new algorithm and its application to Type la supernovae. C1 [Alrngreni, A. S.; Bell, J. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zingale, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Alrngreni, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ASAlmgren@lbl.gov FU SciDAC Program of the DOE Office of Mathematics, Information, and Computational Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE/Office of Nuclear Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator award [DE-FG02-06ER41448] FX This work was supported by the SciDAC Program of the DOE Office of Mathematics, Information, and Computational Sciences under the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by a DOE/Office of Nuclear Physics Outstanding Junior Investigator award, grant No. DE-FG02-06ER41448, to SUNY Stony Brook. Computer time on Livermore Computings Atlas machine was provided under LLNLs Multiprogrammatic & Institutional Computing Program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012085 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200085 ER PT S AU Ananthakrishnan, R Bernholdt, DE Bharathi, S Brown, D Chen, M Chervenak, AL Cinquini, L Drach, R Foster, IT Fox, P Fraser, D Halliday, K Hankin, S Jones, P Kesselman, C Middleton, DE Schwidder, J Schweitzer, R Schuler, R Shoshani, A Siebenlist, F Sim, A Strand, WG Wilhelmi, N Su, M Williams, DN AF Ananthakrishnan, R. Bernholdt, D. E. Bharathi, S. Brown, D. Chen, M. Chervenak, A. L. Cinquini, L. Drach, R. Foster, I. T. Fox, P. Fraser, D. Halliday, K. Hankin, S. Jones, P. Kesselman, C. Middleton, D. E. Schwidder, J. Schweitzer, R. Schuler, R. Shoshani, A. Siebenlist, F. Sim, A. Strand, W. G. Wilhelmi, N. Su, M. Williams, D. N. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Building a global federation system for climate change research: The earth system grid center for enabling technologies (ESG-CET) SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The recent release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report (AR4) has generated significant media attention. Much has been said about the U.S. role in this report, which included significant support from the Department of Energy through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) and other Department of Energy (DOE) programs for climate model development and the production execution of simulations. The SciDAC- supported Earth System Grid Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET) also played a major role in the IPCC AR4: all of the simulation data that went into the report was made available to climate scientists worldwide exclusively via the ESG-CET. At the same time as the IPCC AR4 database was being developed, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a leading U.S. climate science laboratory and a ESG participant, began publishing model runs from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), and its predecessor the Parallel Coupled Model (PCM) through ESG. In aggregate, ESG-CET provides seamless access to over 180 terabytes of distributed climate simulation data to over 6,000 registered users worldwide, who have taken delivery of more than 250 terabytes from the archive. Not only does this represent a substantial advance in scientific knowledge, it is also a major step forward in how we conduct the research process on a global scale. Moving forward, the next IPCC assessment report, AR5, will demand multi-site metadata federation for data discovery and cross-domain identity management for single sign-on of users in a more diverse federation enterprise environment. Towards this aim, ESG is leading the effort in the climate community towards standardization of material for the global federation of metadata, security, and data services required to standardize, analyze, and access data worldwide. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ananthakrishnan, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. EM bemholdtde@ornl.gov; itf@mcs.anl.gov; don@ucar.edu; williams13@llnl.gov OI Strand, Warren/0000-0001-9740-0104; Fox, Peter/0000-0002-1009-7163; Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research, through the SciDAC program FX This work is supported through the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological and Environmental Research, through the SciDAC program. Argonne National Laboratory is managed by Argonne Chicago LLC under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Information Sciences Institute is a research institute of the Viterbi School of Engineering at the University of Southern California. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. Los Alamos National Security is managed by LLC (LANS) for the U.S. Department of Energy under the contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. National Center for Atmospheric Research is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC-05-00OR22725. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory is under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's line office of Ocean and Atmosphere Research, lies within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012050 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200050 ER PT S AU Batchelor, DB D'Azevedo, E Bateman, G Bernholdt, DE Berry, LA Bonoli, PT Bramley, R Breslau, J Chance, M Chen, J Choi, M Elwasif, W Fu, GY Harvey, RW Houlberg, WA Jacger, EF Jardin, SC Keyes, D Klasky, S Kruger, S Ku, LP McCune, D Ramos, J Schissel, DP Schnack, D Wright, JC AF Batchelor, D. B. D'Azevedo, E. Bateman, G. Bernholdt, D. E. Berry, L. A. Bonoli, P. T. Bramley, R. Breslau, J. Chance, M. Chen, J. Choi, M. Elwasif, W. Fu, G-Y Harvey, R. W. Houlberg, W. A. Jacger, E. F. Jardin, S. C. Keyes, D. Klasky, S. Kruger, S. Ku, L. P. McCune, D. Ramos, J. Schissel, D. P. Schnack, D. Wright, J. C. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Integrated physics advances in simulation of wave interactions with extended MHD phenomena SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The broad scientific objectives of the SWIM (Simulation of Wave Interaction with MHD) project are: (A) To improve our understanding of interactions that both RF wave and particle sources have on extended-MHD phenomena, and to substantially improve our capability for predicting and optimizing the performance of burning plasmas in devices such as ITER: and (B) To develop an integrated computational system for treating multi-physics phenomena with the required flexibility and extensibility to serve as a prototype for the Fusion Simulation Project (FSP). C1 ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelor, DB (reprint author), ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012003 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200003 ER PT S AU Bell, JB Aspden, AJ Day, MS Lijewski, MJ AF Bell, J. B. Aspden, A. J. Day, M. S. Lijewski, M. J. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Numerical simulation of low Mach number reacting flows SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Using examples from active research areas in combustion and astrophysics, we demonstrate a computationally efficient numerical approach for simulating multiscale low Mach number reacting flows. The method enables simulations that incorporate an unprecedented range of temporal and spatial scales, while at the same time, allows an extremely high degree of reaction fidelity. Sample applications demonstrate the efficiency of the approach with respect to a traditional time-explicit integration method, and the utility of the methodology for studying the interaction of turbulence with terrestrial and astrophysical flame structures. C1 [Bell, J. B.; Aspden, A. J.; Day, M. S.; Lijewski, M. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbbell@lbl.gov RI Aspden, Andy/A-7391-2017 OI Aspden, Andy/0000-0002-2970-4824 FU LBNL under DOE [DEAC02-05CH11231]; SciDAC Program [DEAC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02-06ER41438]; Office of Science of the DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX A. Aspden was supported by a Seaborg Fellowship at LBNL under DOE contract DEAC02-05CH11231. J. Bell was supported by the SciDAC Program under contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the DOE (DE-AC05-00OR22725). Additional computing resources were provided on the ATLAS Linux Cluster at LLNL as part of a Grand Challenge Project. Work at UCSC was supported by SciDAC (DE-FC02-06ER41438). Sandia Laboratory is operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012004 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200004 ER PT S AU Bethel, EW Johnson, C Joy, K Ahern, S Pascucci, V Childs, H Cohen, J Duchaineau, M Hamann, B Hansen, C Laney, D Lindstrom, P Meredith, J Ostrouchov, G Parker, S Silva, C Sanderson, A Tricoche, X AF Bethel, E. Wes Johnson, Chris Joy, Ken Ahern, Sean Pascucci, Valerio Childs, Hank Cohen, Jonathan Duchaineau, Mark Hamann, Bernd Hansen, Charles Laney, Dan Lindstrom, Peter Meredith, Jeremy Ostrouchov, George Parker, Steven Silva, Claudio Sanderson, Allen Tricoche, Xavier BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI SciDAC visualization and analytics center for enabling technology SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) focuses on leveraging scientific visualization and analytics software technology as an enabling technology for increasing scientific productivity and insight. Advances in computational technology have resulted in an "information big bang," which in turn has created a significant data understanding challenge. This challenge is widely acknowledged to be one of the primary bottlenecks in contemporary science. The vision of VACET is to adapt, extend, create when necessary, and deploy visual data analysis solutions that are responsive to the needs of DOE's computational and experimental scientists. Our center is engineered to be directly responsive to those needs and to deliver solutions for use in DOE's large open computing facilities. The research and development directly target data understanding problems provided by our scientific application stakeholders. VACET draws from a diverse set of visualization technology ranging from production quality applications and application frameworks to state of-the-art algorithms for visualization, analysis, analytics, data manipulation, and data management. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bethel, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012032 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200032 ER PT S AU Boman, EG Bozdag, D Catalyurek, UV Devine, KD Gebremedhin, AH Hovland, PD Pothen, A Strout, MM AF Boman, Erik G. Bozdag, Doruk Catalyurek, Umit V. Devine, Karen D. Gebremedhin, Assefaw H. Hovland, Paul D. Pothen, Alex Strout, Michelle Mills BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Enabling high performance computational science through combinatorial algorithms SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The Combinatorial Scientific Computing and Petascale Simulations (CSCAPES) Institute is developing algorithms and software for combinatorial problems that play an enabling role in scientific and engineering computations. Discrete algorithms will be increasingly critical for achieving high performance for irregular problems on petascale architectures. This paper describe recent contributions by researchers at the CSCAPES Institute in the areas of load balancing, paralle graph coloring, performance improvement, and parallel automatic differentiation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pothen, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pothen@cs.odu.edu OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758; Pothen, Alex/0000-0002-3421-3325 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science through SciDAC program [DE-FC-0206-ER-25774] FX The work at Argonne was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. The CSCAPES Institute is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science through grant DE-FC-0206-ER- 25774, as part of its SciDAC program. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012058 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200058 ER PT S AU Bremer, PT Bringa, EM Duchaineau, MA Gyulassy, AG Laney, D Mascarenhas, A Pascucci, V AF Bremer, P-T Bringa, E. M. Duchaineau, M. A. Gyulassy, A. G. Laney, D. Mascarenhas, A. Pascucci, V. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Topological feature extraction and tracking SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SURFACES AB Scientific datasets obtained by measurement or produced by computational simulations must be analyzed to understand the phenomenon under study. The analysis typically requires a mathematically sound definition of the features of interest and robust algorithms to identify these features, compute statistics about them, and often track them over time. Because scientific datasets often capture phenomena with multi-scale behaviour, and almost always contain noise the definitions and algorithms must be designed with sufficient flexibility and care to allow multi-scale analysis and noise-removal. In this paper, we present some recent work on topological feature extraction and tracking with applications in molecular analysis, combustion simulation, and structural analysis of porous materials. C1 [Bremer, P-T; Bringa, E. M.; Duchaineau, M. A.; Gyulassy, A. G.; Laney, D.; Mascarenhas, A.; Pascucci, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bremer, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bremer5@llnl.gov; mascarenhas1@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 FU UC-LLNL [W-7405-Eng-48, UCRL-CONF-232179] FX We thank our collaborators Vijay Natarajan, Yusu Wang, and Bernd Hamann. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by UC-LLNL under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. UCRL-CONF-232179. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012007 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200007 ER PT S AU Candy, J Waltz, RE Fahey, MR Holland, C AF Candy, J. Waltz, R. E. Fahey, M. R. Holland, C. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Plasma microturbulence simulation of instabilities at highly disparate scales SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT AB This work reports on studies of the multi-scale interaction between small-scale electron turbulence and large-scale ion turbulence in tokamak plasmas. Traditionally, the long-wavelength, low-frequency turbulence driven by ion-scale instabilities (ion-temperature-gradient and trapped-electron modes) is studied separately from the short-wavelength, high-frequency turbulence driven by electron-scale instabilities (electron-temperature-gradient modes). High-resolution, massively-parallel simulations have uncovered a number of physically-important discoveries. First, we find that a popular simplified model of ion physics previously used in studies of electron-scale turbulence can lead to nonphysical runaway of electron heat transport. We have shown that this nonphysical runaway is eliminated when correct long-wavelength ion physics is self-consistently included. We have also found that under normal conditions most of the electron heat transport arises from large-scale instabilities. However, when these large-scale instabilities are suppressed by plasma rotation or other processes, the electron instabilities survive and may dominate the loss of electron heat from the plasma. A further remarkable finding is that strong turbulence at long scales can act to reduce the intensity of turbulence at short scales. Simulations were carried out on the Cray XIE computer at ORNL, with the largest runs taking about a week on 720 multi-streaming processors. C1 [Candy, J.; Waltz, R. E.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fahey, M. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Holland, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Candy, J (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM candy@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-95ER54309, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG03-95ER-54301]; DOE 2006 INCITE computer time award at National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [FUS014] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG03-95ER54309, DE-AC05-00OR22725 and DE-FG03-95ER-54301, and also by a DOE 2006 INCITE computer time award (FUS014) at the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200008 ER PT S AU Chang, C Alber, D Graf, P Kim, K Seibert, M AF Chang, Christopher Alber, David Graf, Peter Kim, Kwiseon Seibert, Michael BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Addressing unknown constants and metabolic network behaviors through petascale computing: understanding H-2 production in green algae SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CHLAMYDOMONAS; GENOME; INFORMATION; MODELS; SBML AB The Genomics Revolution has resulted in a massive and growing quantity of whole-genome DNA sequences, which encode the metabolic catalysts necessary for life. However, gene annotations can rarely be complete, and measurement of the kinetic constants associated with the encoded enzymes can not possibly keep pace, necessitating the use of careful modeling to explore plausible network behaviors. Key challenges are (1) quantitatively formulating kinetic laws governing each transformation in a fixed model network; (2) characterizing the stable solution (if any) of the associated ordinary differential equations (ODEs); (3) fitting the latter to metabolomics data as it becomes available; and, (4) optimizing a model output against the possible space of kinetic parameters, with respect to properties such as robustness of network response, or maximum consumption/production. This SciDAC-2 project addresses this large-scale uncertainty in the genome-scale metabolic network of the water-splitting, H-2-producing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Each metabolic transformation is formulated as an irreversible steady-state process, such that the vast literature on known enzyme mechanisms may be incorporated directly. To start, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and basic fermentation pathways have been encoded in Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) with careful annotation and consistency with the KEGG database, yielding a model with 3 compartments, 95 species, 38 reactions, and 109 kinetic constants. To study and optimize such models with a view toward larger models, we have developed a system which takes as input an SBML model, and automatically produces C code that when compiled and executed optimizes the model's kinetic parameters according to test criteria. We describe the system and present numerical results. Further development, including overlaying of a parallel multistart algorithm, will allow optimization of thousands of parameters on high-performance systems ranging from distributed grids to unified petascale architectures. C1 [Chang, Christopher; Alber, David; Graf, Peter; Kim, Kwiseon; Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chang, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM christopher-chang@nrel.gov FU DOE SciDAC program; OASCR and OBER within Office of Science FX We thank the DOE SciDAC program, and OASCR and OBER within the Office of Science for support of this research effort. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012011 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200011 ER PT S AU Childs, H AF Childs, Hank BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Architectural challenges and solutions for petascale postprocessing SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB With petascale applications comes petascale data; gleaning knowledge and insight from this largescale data is widely accepted to be a limiting factor in many fields of scientific endeavor. Large-scale data presents two incredible challenges: scale and complexity. The scale challenge refers to the problem of being able to process tremendous numbers of bytes of data within some time constraint. The complexity challenge is more subtle; petascale data is inherently complex and reducing this data to Comprehensible forms is difficult. For the scale challenge, it is often assumed that continued usage of techniques viable at the terascale will provide a recipe for success at the petascale. We argue the opposite: following this path will result in cost prohibitive solutions. Instead, we must pursue "smarter" techniques, such as in situ and multi-resolution processing, which are well established by a decade's worth of research. The forms of postprocessing are very diverse, but they can be summarized in broad use cases: data exploration, presentation graphics, quantitative analysis, comparative analysis, and visual debugging. Together, these use cases are responsive to the complexity challenge. Moreover, these use cases are responsive to the demands of the user community. Making pretty pictures is just one component of the simulation community's postprocessing needs and all of these needs must be addressed for petascale data. A major focus of this paper is to construct a road map for realizing this broad set of use cases at the petascale, and, further, to do this in the most economical way possible. None of the smart processing techniques we consider are a panacea; none are capable of supporting every use case. However, a software architecture that underpins these processing techniques and that can dynamically select between them will provide an economical way to meet these challenging requirements, and in this paper we discuss such an architecture. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Childs, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM childs3@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012012 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200012 ER PT S AU Colella, P Bell, J Keen, N Ligocki, T Lijewski, M van Straalen, B AF Colella, Phillip Bell, John Keen, Noel Ligocki, Terry Lijewski, Michael van Straalen, Brian BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Performance and scaling of locally-structured grid methods for partial differential equations SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB In this paper, we discuss some of the issues in obtaining high performance for block-structured adaptive mesh refinement software for partial differential equations. We show examples in which AMR scales to thousands of processors. We also discuss a number of metrics for performance and scalability that can provide a basis for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. C1 [Colella, Phillip; Bell, John; Keen, Noel; Ligocki, Terry; Lijewski, Michael; van Straalen, Brian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Colella, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PColella@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012013 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200013 ER PT S AU De Sterck, H Falgout, RD Nolting, JW Yang, UM AF De Sterck, H. Falgout, R. D. Nolting, J. W. Yang, U. M. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Distance-two interpolation for parallel algebraic multigrid SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB In this paper we study the use of long distance interpolation methods with the low complexity coarsening algorithm PMIS. AMG performance and scalability is compared for classical as well as long distance interpolation methods on parallel computers. It is shown that the increased interpolation accuracy largely restores the scalability of AMG convergence factors for PMIS-coarsened grids, and in combination with complexity reducing methods, such as interpolation truncation, one obtains a class of parallel AMG methods that enjoy excellent scalability properties on large parallel computers. C1 [De Sterck, H.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Math Appl, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Falgout, R. D.; Yang, U. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Nolting, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Math Appl, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP De Sterck, H (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Math Appl, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM hdesterck@waterloo.ca; rfalgout@llnl.gov; Josh.Nolting@colorado.edu; umyang@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012017 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200017 ER PT S AU de Supinski, BR Hollingworth, JK Moore, S Worley, PH AF de Supinski, Bronis R. Hollingworth, Jeffrey K. Moore, Shirley Worley, Patrick H. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Results of the PERI survey of SciDAC applications SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SIMULATION AB The Performance Engineering Research Institute (PERI) project focuses on achieving superior performance for Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) applications on leadership class machines through cutting-edge research in performance modeling and automated performance tuning. This focus requires coordinated activities to engage SciDAC application teams. The initial application engagement activity a survey of these teams to determine their performance goals, the criticality of those goals, current performance their applications, application characteristics relevant to performance and their plans for future optimization. Usi a web-based questionnaire, PERI researchers have worked with application developers to provide this for over twenty-five applications. This paper describes the initial analysis of the application characteristics and performance goals, as well as current and future application engagement activities driven by these results. While survey was conducted primarily to meet PERI needs, the results represent a snapshot of the state of SciDAC code development and may be of use to the DOE community at large. Overall, the results show that SciDAC teams are engaged in significant new code development, which will require flexible performance optimization techniques that can improve performance as the applications evolve. C1 [de Supinski, Bronis R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hollingworth, Jeffrey K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moore, Shirley] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Worley, Patrick H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hollingworth, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hollings@cs.umd.edu FU Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Science; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Supinski [W-7405-Eng-48]; University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Worley [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC FX We thank the SciDAC application developers who participated in filling out the survey for their applications, as well as the PERI team for comments on the application survey and for acting as liaisons to the SciDAC application teams. The work of all authors was supported by the Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. The work of de Supinski was supported under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 with the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The work of Worley was supported under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royaltyfree license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. This paper is LLNL report UCRL-CONF-231-869. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012027 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200027 ER PT S AU Diachin, L Bauer, A Fix, B Kraftcheck, J Jansen, K Luo, X Miller, M Ollivier-Gooch, C Shephard, MS Tautges, T Trease, H AF Diachin, L. Bauer, A. Fix, B. Kraftcheck, J. Jansen, K. Luo, X. Miller, M. Ollivier-Gooch, C. Shephard, M. S. Tautges, T. Trease, H. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Interoperable mesh and geometry tools for advanced petascale simulations SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB SciDAC applications have a demonstrated need for advanced software tools to manage the complexities associated with sophisticated geometry, mesh, and field manipulation tasks, particularly as computer architectures move toward the petascale. The Center for Interoperable Technologies for Advanced Petascale Simulations (ITAPS) will deliver interoperable and interchangeable mesh, geometry, and field manipulation services that are of direct use to SciDAC applications. The premise of our technology development goal is to provide such services as libraries that can be used with minimal intrusion into application codes. To develop these technologies, we focus on defining a common data model and data-structure neutral interfaces that unify a number of different services such as mesh generation and improvement, front tracking, adaptive mesh refinement, shape optimization, and solution transfer operations. We highlight the use of several ITAPS services in SciDAC applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Diachin, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM diachin2@llnl.gov; acbauer@scorec.rpi.edu; brian@ams.sunysb.edu; kraftche@cae.wisc.edu; xluo@scorec.rpi.edu; miller86@llnl.gov; cfog@mech.ubc.ca; shephard@scorec.rpi.edu; tautges@mcs.anl.gov; het@pnl.gov RI Ollivier-Gooch, Carl/E-8934-2011 OI Ollivier-Gooch, Carl/0000-0001-6514-058X FU University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, UCRL-CONF-232530]; Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [SRO-299160]; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute under DOE [DE-FC02-01ER25460] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 (UCRL-CONF-232530); the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council under Special Research Opportunities Grant SRO-299160; and by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute under DOE grant number DE-FC02-01ER25460. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012015 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200015 ER PT S AU Endeve, E Cardall, CY Budiardja, RD Mezzacappa, A AF Endeve, E. Cardall, C. Y. Budiardja, R. D. Mezzacappa, A. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI MHD models of stellar core collapse with GenASiS SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT AB We present magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of stellar core collapse computed with our astrophysical MHD code GenASiS. Microphysics in the models include a realistic equation of state and a simple parametrization of deleptionization during collapse. We give a brief description of some numerical results, and discuss requirements for capturing the physics of the magnetorotational instability in the context of core collapse supernovae. C1 [Endeve, E.; Cardall, C. Y.; Mezzacappa, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Endeve, E.; Cardall, C. Y.; Budiardja, R. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Endeve, E.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Endeve, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM endevee@ornl.gov RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017; OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741; Endeve, Eirik/0000-0003-1251-9507 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) FX This work was supported by Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC), a program of the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE); and by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the DoE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The results presented here were produced on the resources at the National Center for Computational Sciences at ORNL. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012016 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200016 ER PT S AU Fann, GI Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G Jia, J Hartman-Baker, R Shelton, WA Sugiki, S AF Fann, G. I. Harrison, R. J. Beylkin, G. Jia, J. Hartman-Baker, R. Shelton, W. A. Sugiki, S. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI MADNESS applied to density functional theory in chemistry and nuclear physics SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID MULTIRESOLUTION QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; QUADRATIC WAVE FUNCTIONS; MULTIWAVELET BASES; MOLECULAR PROBLEMS; EXPONENTIAL-SUMS; HARTREE-FOCK; APPROXIMATION; DIMENSIONS; OPERATORS; FORMULAE AB We describe some recent mathematical results in constructing computational methods that lead to the development of fast and accurate multiresolution numerical methods for solving quantum chemistry and nuclear physics problems based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Using low separation rank representations of functions and operators in conjunction with representations in multiwavelet bases, we developed a multiscale solution method for integral and differential equations and integral transforms. The Poisson equation, the Schrodinger equation, and the projector on the divergence free functions provide important examples with a wide range of applications in computational chemistry, nuclear physics, computational electromagnetic and fluid dynamics. We have implemented this approach along with adaptive representations of operators and functions in the multiwavelet basis and low separation rank (LSR) approximation of operators and functions. These methods have been realized and implemented in a software package called Multiresolution Adaptive Numerical Evaluation for Scientific Simulation (MADNESS). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Math Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fann, GI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Math Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fanngi@ornl.gov RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012018 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200018 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Bruhwiler, D Cary, JR Cormier-Michel, E Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Isaacs, WA Stinus, N Messmer, P Hakim, A Nakamura, K Gonsalves, AJ Panasenko, D Plateau, GR Toth, C Nagler, B van Tilborg, J Cowan, T Hooker, SM Leemans, WP AF Geddes, C. G. R. Bruhwiler, D. Cary, J. R. Cormier-Michel, E. Esarey, E. Schroeder, C. B. Isaacs, W. A. Stinus, N. Messmer, P. Hakim, A. Nakamura, K. Gonsalves, A. J. Panasenko, D. Plateau, G. R. Toth, Cs. Nagler, B. van Tilborg, J. Cowan, T. Hooker, S. M. Leemans, W. P. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Laser wakefield simulations towards development of compact particle accelerators SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; PLASMA; INJECTION; RADIATION; TERAHERTZ; BUNCHES; PULSES AB Laser driven wakefield accelerators produce accelerating fields thousands of times those achievable in conventional radio-frequency accelerators, offering compactness and ultrafast bunches to potentially extend the frontiers of high energy physics and enable laboratory scale ultrafast radiation sources. Realization of this potential requires understanding of accelerator physics to advance beam performance and stability, and particle simulations model the highly nonlinear, kinetic physics required. One-to-one simulations of experiments provide new insight for optimization and development of 100 MeV to GeV and beyond laser accelerator stages, and on production of reproducible and controllable low energy spread beams with improved emittance (focusability) and energy through control of injection. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cgrgeddes@lbl.gov RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X FU U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Science; Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-95ER40926, DE-FG02-01ER41178, DEFG02-03ER83857]; DOE SciDAC; INCITE7; NERSC; LLNL ATLAS program; NSF [0113907, 0614001] FX Work supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-95ER40926, DE-FG02-01ER41178, DEFG02- 03ER83857, DOE SciDAC, INCITE7 2006, NERSC, and LLNL ATLAS programs, and NSF grants 0113907 and 0614001. We appreciate contributions from the members of the Vorpal team at Tech-X, and the LOASIS Program at LBNL. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012021 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200021 ER PT S AU Hammond, G Lichtner, P Lu, C AF Hammond, Glenn Lichtner, Peter Lu, Chuan BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Subsurface multiphase flow and multicomponent reactive transport modeling using high-performance computing SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Numerical modeling is a critical tool to the U.S. Department of Energy for evaluating the environmental impact of remediation strategies for subsurface legacy waste sites. Unfortunately, the physical and chemical complexity of many sites overwhelms the capabilities of even most state of the art groundwater models. Of particular concern is the representation of highly-heterogeneous stratified rock/soil layers in the subsurface and the biological and geochemical interactions of chemical species within multiple fluid phases. There is clearly a need for higher-resolution modeling (i.e. increased spatial and temporal resolution) and increasingly mechanistic descriptions of subsurface physicochemical processes (i.e. increased chemical degrees of freedom). We present SciDAC-funded research being performed in furthering the development of PFLOTRAN, a parallel multiphase flow and multicomponent reactive transport model. Written in Fortran90, PFLOTRAN is founded upon PETSc data structures and solvers. We are employing PFLOTRAN to simulate uranium transport at the Hanford 300 Area, a contaminated site of major concern to the Department of Energy, the State of Washington, and other government agencies. By leveraging the billions of degrees of freedom available through high-performance computation using tens of thousands of processors, we can better characterize the release of uranium into groundwater and its subsequent transport to the Columbia River, and thereby better understand and evaluate the effectiveness of various proposed remediation strategies. C1 [Hammond, Glenn] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lichtner, Peter; Lu, Chuan] Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammond, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glenn.hammond@pnl.gov; lichtner@lanl.gov; clu@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. We are also grateful for a 2007 INCITE award at the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012025 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200025 ER PT S AU Hoffman, FM Covey, CC Fung, IY Randerson, JT Thornton, PE Lee, YH Rosenbloom, NA Stockli, RC Running, SW Bernholdt, DE Williams, DN AF Hoffman, F. M. Covey, C. C. Fung, I. Y. Randerson, J. T. Thornton, P. E. Lee, Y-H Rosenbloom, N. A. Stoeckli, R. C. Running, S. W. Bernholdt, D. E. Williams, D. N. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Results from the carbon-land model intercomparison project (C-LAMP) and availability of the data on the earth system grid (ESG) SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID VERSION-3 CCSM3; CLIMATE; CYCLE; SIMULATION; SINKS AB This paper describes the Carbon-Land Model Intercomparison Project (C-LAMP) being carried out through a collaboration between the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Biogeochemistry -Working Group, a DOE SciDAC-2 project, and the DOE Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI). The goal of the project is to intercompare terrestrial biogeochemistry models running within the CCSM framework to determine the best set of processes to include in future versions of CCSM. As a part of the project, observational datasets are being collected arid used to score the scientific performance of these models following a well-defined set of metrics. In addition, metadata standards for terrestrial biosphere models are being developed to support archival and distribution of the C-LAMP model output via the Earth System Grid (ESC). Progress toward completion of this project and preliminary results from the first set of experiments are reported. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hoffman, FM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM forrest@climatemodeling.org RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 FU Climate Change Research Division (CCRD); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences (MICS)Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (OASCR),; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (SC) FX This research was partially sponsred by the Climate Change Research Division (CCRD) of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences (MICS) Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (OASCR), both within the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science (SC). This research used resources of the U.S. Department of Energys National Center for Computational Science (NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government; accordingly, the U.S. overnment retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of his contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012026 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200026 ER PT S AU Keahey, K Freeman, T Lauret, J Olson, D AF Keahey, Kate Freeman, Tim Lauret, Jerome Olson, Doug BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Virtual workspaces for scientific applications SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Scientists often face the need for more computing power than is available locally, but are constrained by the fact that even if the required resources were available remotely, their complex software stack would not be easy to port to those resources. Many applications are dependency-rich and complex, making it hard to run them on anything but a dedicated platform. Worse, even if the applications do run on another system, the results they produce may not be consistent across different runs. As part of the Center for Enabling Distributed Petascale Science (CEDPS) project we have been developing the workspace service which allows authorized clients to dynamically provision execution environments, using virtual machine technology, on remote computers. Virtual machines provide an excellent implementation of a portable environment as they allow users to configure an environment and then deploy it on a variety of platforms. This paper describes a proof-of-concept of this strategy developed for the High-Energy and Nuclear Physics (HENP) applications such as STAR's. We are currently building on this work to enable production STAR runs in virtual machines. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keahey, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM keahey@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, W-31-109-Eng-38]; SciDAC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge the role of the rPath company in developing the STAR image used in these experiments. This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098 and W-31-109-Eng-38, and the SciDAC program under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012038 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200038 ER PT S AU Khamayseh, A de Almeida, V AF Khamayseh, Ahmed de Almeida, Valmor BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Adaptive hybrid mesh refinement for multiphysics applications SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The accuracy and convergence of computational solutions of mesh-based methods is strongly dependent on the quality of the mesh used. We have developed methods for optimizing meshes that are comprised of elements of arbitrary polygonal and polyhedral type. We present in this research the development of r-h hybrid adaptive meshing technology tailored to application areas relevant to multi-physics modeling and simulation. Solution-based adaptation methods are used to reposition mesh nodes (r-adaptation) or to refine the mesh cells (h-adaptation) to minimize solution error. The numerical methods perform either the r-adaptive mesh optimization or the h-adaptive mesh refinement method on the initial isotropic or anisotropic meshes to equidistribute weighted geometric and/or solution error function. We have successfully introduced r-h adaptivity to a least-squares method with spherical harmonies basis functions for the solution of the spherical shallow atmosphere model used in climate modeling. In addition, application of this technology also covers a wide range of disciplines in computational sciences, most notably, time-dependent multi-physics, multi-scale modeling and simulation. C1 [Khamayseh, Ahmed; de Almeida, Valmor] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khamayseh, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM khamaysehak@ornl.gov; dealmeidav@ornl.gov RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012039 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200039 ER PT S AU Larsson, J Cook, A Lele, SK Moin, P Cabot, B Sjogreen, B Yee, H Zhong, X AF Larsson, J. Cook, A. Lele, S. K. Moin, P. Cabot, B. Sjoegreen, B. Yee, H. Zhong, X. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Computational issues and algorithm assessment for shock/turbulence interaction problems SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SHOCK-TURBULENCE INTERACTION; SCHEMES AB The paper provides an overview of the challenges involved in the computation of flows with interactions between turbulence, strong shockwaves, and sharp density interfaces. The prediction and physics of such flows is the focus of an ongoing project in the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. While the project is fundamental in nature, there are many important potential applications of scientific and engineering interest ranging from inertial confinement fusion to exploding supernovae. The essential challenges will be discussed, and some representative numerical results that highlight these challenges will be shown. In addition, the overall approach taken in this project will be outlined. C1 [Larsson, J.; Lele, S. K.; Moin, P.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cook, A.; Cabot, B.; Sjoegreen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yee, H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zhong, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Larsson, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lele@stanford.edu RI Larsson, Johan/B-9543-2017 OI Larsson, Johan/0000-0001-8387-1933 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012014 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200014 ER PT S AU Lee, LQ Akcelik, V Chen, S Ge, LX Prudencio, E Schussman, G Uplenchwar, R Ng, C Ko, K Luo, XJ Shephard, M AF Lee, Lie-Quan Akcelik, Volkan Chen, Sheng Ge, Lixin Prudencio, Ernesto Schussman, Greg Uplenchwar, Ravi Ng, Cho Ko, Kwok Luo, Xiaojun Shephard, Mark BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D CA SciDAC CET Inst Collaborators TI Enabling technologies for petascale electromagnetic accelerator simulation SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The SciDAC2 accelerator project at SLAC aims to simulate an entire three-cryomodule radio frequency (RF) unit of the International Linear Collider (ILC) main Linac. Petascale computing resources supported by advances in Applied Mathematics (AM) and Computer Science (CS) and INCITE Program are essential to enable such very large-scale electromagnetic accelerator simulations required by the ILC Global Design Effort. This poster presents the recent advances and achievements in the areas of CS/AM through collaborations. C1 SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,M-S 27, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, LQ (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,M-S 27, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM liequan@slac.stanford.edu FU U.S. DOE ASCR; BES HEP Divisions [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work is supported by U.S. DOE ASCR, BES & HEP Divisions under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. The work used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, and the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012040 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200040 ER PT S AU Leng, L Zhang, T Kleinman, L Zhu, W AF Leng, Ling Zhang, Tianyi Kleinman, Lawrence Zhu, Wei BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Ordinary least square regression, orthogonal regression, geometric mean regression and their applications in aerosol science SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID FUNCTIONAL-RELATIONSHIP AB Regression analysis, especially the ordinary least squares method which assumes that errors are confined to the dependent variable, has seen a fair share of its applications in aerosol science. The ordinary least squares approach, however, could be problematic due to the fact that atmospheric data often does not lend itself to calling one variable independent and the other dependent. Errors often exist for both measurements. In this work, we examine two regression approaches available to accommodate this situation. They are orthogonal regression and geometric mean regression. Comparisons are made theoretically as well as numerically through an aerosol study examining whether the ratio of organic aerosol to CO would change with age. C1 [Leng, Ling; Zhang, Tianyi; Zhu, Wei] Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Kleinman, Lawrence] Dept Environm Sci, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leng, L (reprint author), Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM weizhu@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012084 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200084 ER PT S AU Li, XS Demmel, J Grigori, L Gu, M Xia, J Jardin, S Sovinec, C Lee, LQ AF Li, X. S. Demmel, J. Grigori, L. Gu, M. Xia, J. Jardin, S. Sovinec, C. Lee, L. -Q. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Enhancing scalability of sparse direct methods SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB TOPS is providing high-performance, scalable sparse direct solvers, which have had significant impacts on the SciDAC applications, including fusion simulation (CEMM), accelerator modeling (COMPASS), as well as many other mission-critical applications in DOE and elsewhere. Our recent developments have been focusing on new techniques to overcome scalability bottleneck of direct methods, in both time and memory. These include parallelizing symbolic analysis phase and developing linear-complexity sparse factorization methods. The new techniques will make sparse direct methods more widely usable in large 3D simulations on highly-parallel petascale computers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, XS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xsli@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-6SF00098] FX This work was partly supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-6SF00098. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012041 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200041 ER PT S AU Lu, C Lichtner, PC AF Lu, C. Lichtner, P. C. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI High resolution numerical investigation on the effect of convective instability on long term CO2 storage in saline aquifers SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB CO2 sequestration (capture, separation, and long term storage) in various geologic media including depleted oil reservoirs, saline aquifers, and oceanic sediments is being considered as a possible solution to reduce green house gas emissions. Dissolution of supercritical CO2 in formation brines is considered an important storage mechanism to prevent possible leakage. Accurate prediction of the plume dissolution rate and migration is essential. Analytical analysis and numerical experiments have demonstrated that convective instability (Rayleigh instability) has a crucial effect on the dissolution behavior and subsequent mineralization reactions. Global stability analysis indicates that a certain grid resolution is needed to capture the features of density-driven fingering phenomena. For 3-D field scale simulations, high resolution leads to large numbers of grid nodes, unfeasible for a single workstation. In this study, we investigate the effects of convective instability on geologic sequestration Off, CO2 by taking advantage of parallel computing using the code PFLOTRAN, a massively parallel 3-D reservoir simulator for modeling subsurface multiphase, multicomponent reactive flow ana transport based on continuum scale mass and energy conservation equations. The onset, development and long-term fate of a supercritical CO2 plume will be resolved with high resolution numerical simulations to investigate the rate of plume dissolution caused by fingering phenomena. C1 [Lu, C.; Lichtner, P. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC); DOE INCITE; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. Computing time was provided by a 2007 DOE INCITE award for the project Modeling Reactive Flows in Porous Media. We would like to thank members of the SciDAC-2 team Glenn Hammond, Richard Mills, David Moulton, Bobby Philip, Barry Smith and Al Valocchi for helpful discussions. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012042 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200042 ER PT S AU McInnes, LC Dahlgren, T Nieplocha, J Bernholdt, D Allan, B Armstrong, R Chavarria, D Elwasif, W Gorton, I Kenny, J Krishan, M Malony, A Norris, B Ray, J Shende, S AF McInnes, Lois Curfman Dahlgren, Tamara Nieplocha, Jarek Bernholdt, David Allan, Ben Armstrong, Rob Chavarria, Daniel Elwasif, Wael Gorton, Ian Kenny, Joe Krishan, Manoj Malony, Allen Norris, Boyana Ray, Jaideep Shende, Sameer BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Research initiatives for plug-and-play scientific computing SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID COMPONENT ARCHITECTURE AB This paper introduces three component technology initiatives within the SciDAC Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Component Software (TASCS) that address ever-increasing productivity challenges in creating, managing, and applying simulation software to scientific discovery. By leveraging the Common Component Architecture (CCA), a new component standard for high-performance scientific computing, these initiatives tackle difficulties at different but related levels in the development of component-based scientific software: (1) deploying applications on massively parallel and heterogeneous architectures, (2) investigating new approaches to the runtime enforcement of behavioral semantics, and (3) developing tools to facilitate dynamic composition, substitution, and reconfiguration of component implementations and parameters, so that application scientists can explore tradeoffs among factors such as accuracy, reliability, and performance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McInnes, LC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science through the SciDAC FX This work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science through the SciDAC program. Argonne National Laboratory operates under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by the University of California under contract W-7405-Eng-48. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract DE-AC-05-00OR22725. Research at the University of Oregon is sponsored under contracts DEFG03-01ER25501 and DE-FG02-03ER25561. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012046 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200046 ER PT S AU Messer, OEB Bruenn, SW Blondin, JM Hix, WR Mezzacappa, A Dirk, CJ AF Messer, O. E. B. Bruenn, S. W. Blondin, J. M. Hix, W. R. Mezzacappa, A. Dirk, C. J. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Petascale supernova simulation with CHIMERA SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID SPECTRAL NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; DENSE MATTER; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATION; STATE; STARS; CODE; HOT AB CHIMERA is a multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code designed to study core-collapse supernovae. The code is made up of three essentially independent parts: a hydrodynamics module, a nuclear burning module, and a neutrino transport solver combined within an operator-split approach. We describe some major algorithmic facets of the code and briefly discuss some recent results. The multi-physics nature of the problem, and the specific implementation of that physics in CHIMERA, provide a rather straightforward path to effective use of multi-core platforms in the near future. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Messer, OEB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012049 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200049 ER PT S AU Mills, RT Lu, C Lichtner, PC Hammond, GE AF Mills, Richard Tran Lu, Chuan Lichtner, Peter C. Hammond, Glenn E. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Simulating subsurface flow and transport on ultrascale computers using PFLOTRAN SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB We describe PFLOTRAN, a recently developed code for modeling multi-phase, multicomponent subsurface flow and reactive transport using massively parallel computers. PFLOTRAN is built on top of PETSc, the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation. Leveraging PETSc has allowed us to develop-with a relatively modest investment in development effort-a code that exhibits excellent performance on the largest-scale supercomputers. Very significant enhancements to the code are planned during our SciDAC-2 project. Here we describe the current state of the code, present an example of its use on Jaguar, the Cray XT3/4 system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory consisting of H 706 dual-core Opteron processor nodes, and briefly outline our future plans for the code. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mills, RT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rmills@ornl.gov; ciu@lanl.gov; lichtner@lanl.gov; glenn.hammond@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program; National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05- 00OR22725]; DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowships FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. Computing time was provided by a 2007 DOE INCITE award for the project Modeling Reactive Flows in Porous Media. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05- 00OR22725. Initial development of the PFLOTRAN code was supported in part by two DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowships, administered by Krell Institute. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012051 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200051 ER PT S AU Mirini, A Worley, P AF Mirini, A. Worley, P. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Extending scalability of the community atmosphere model SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CLIMATE MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) is the atmosphere component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), and is the largest consumer of computing resources in typical CCSM simulations. The parallel implementation of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) employs a number of different domain decompositions. Currently, each decomposition must utilize the same number of MPI processes, limiting the scalability of CAM to that of the least scalable decomposition. This limitation becomes unacceptably restrictive when including additional physical processes such as atmospheric chemistry or cloud-resolving physics. This paper reports on current efforts to improve CAM scalability by allowing the number of active MPI processes to vary between domain decompositions. C1 [Mirini, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Worley, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mirini, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM worleyp@ornl.gov FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; Climate Change Research Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research used resources (Cray X1E, Cray XT4, IBM p690 cluster) of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. It used resources (IBM SP, IBM p575 cluster) of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.; The work of Mirin was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, and this paper is LLNL report UCRL-PROC-232512. The work of Worley was supported by the Climate Change Research Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by the Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences, both in the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT- Battelle, LLC. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012082 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200082 ER PT S AU More, JJ Munson, TS Sarich, J AF More, Jorge J. Munson, Todd S. Sarich, Jason BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Optimization in SciDAC applications SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CONVERGENCE; SOFTWARE; SEARCH AB We present a brief overview of optimization tools that are being developed for SciDAC applications. We emphasize derivative-free and gradient-based methods since these tools make minimal demands on the user and the application. We discuss the performance of these tools and point out developments that have led to significant improvements in performance. A parameter estimation problem that arises in nuclear fission is used to illustrate the challenges that arise as we attack nonlinear, noisy, computationally-intensive optimization applications. C1 [More, Jorge J.; Munson, Todd S.; Sarich, Jason] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP More, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM more@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division sub program of the Once of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Once of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division sub program of the Once of Advanced Scientific Computing Research,Once of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200052 ER PT S AU Ortega, JM Najm, HN Ray, J Valorani, M Goussis, DA Frenklach, MF AF Ortega, J. M. Najm, H. N. Ray, J. Valorani, M. Goussis, D. A. Frenklach, M. F. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Adaptive chemistry computations of reacting flow SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CHEMICAL-KINETICS; CSP AB We present a new tabulation strategy for the numerical integration of chemical reacting flow processes on the basis of a non-stiff system of equations. Both the tabulation and the identification of the non-stiff system are adaptive and are based on the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method. The tabulation strategy is implemented in order to store and reuse the CSP quantities required for the construction of the non-stiff model. In this paper we describe a particular feature of this algorithm, the "homogeneous correction", that allows for an accurate and efficient identification of the manifold on which the solution moves according to the slow time scales. The improved efficiency in constructing the slow model and simulating the system dynamics along the manifold during run-time calculations is demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hnnajm@sandia.gov OI VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012054 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200054 ER PT S AU Palmer, BJ Fang, YL Hammond, G Gurumoorthi, V AF Palmer, B. J. Fang, Yilin Hammond, Glenn Gurumoorthi, Vidhya BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Component-based framework for subsurface simulations SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Simulations in the subsurface environment represent a broad range of phenomena covering an equally broad range of scales. Developing modelling capabilities that can integrate models representing different phenomena acting at different scales present formidable challenges both from the algorithmic and computer science perspective. This paper will describe the development of an integrated framework that will be used to combine different models into a single simulation. Initial work has focused on creating two frameworks, one for performing smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of fluid systems, the other for performing grid-based continuum simulations of reactive subsurface flow. The SPH framework is based on a parallel code developed for doing pore scale simulations, the continuum grid-based framework is based on the STOMP (Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases) code developed at PNNL. Future work will focus on combining the frameworks together to perform multiscale, multiphysics simulations of reactive subsurface flow. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palmer, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.palmer@pnl.gov RI Fang, Yilin/J-5137-2015 FU Mathematics, Information and Computer Science Division of DOE through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program FX The work was conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multi program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. Funding for the project is provided by the Mathematics, Information and Computer Science Division of DOE through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012056 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200056 ER PT S AU Park, BH Samatova, NF Karpinets, T Jallouk, A Molony, S Horton, S Arcangeli, S AF Park, Byung-Hoon Samatova, Nagiza F. Karpinets, Tatiana Jallouk, Andrew Molony, Scott Horton, Scott Arcangeli, Steven BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Data-driven, data-intensive computing for modelling and analysis of biological networks: Application to bioethanol production SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Modelling biological networks is inherently data-driven and data-intensive. The combinatorial nature of this type of modelling, however, requires new methods capable of dealing with the enormous size and irregularity of the search. Searching via "backtracking" is one possible solution that avoids exhaustive searches by constraining the search space to the subspace of feasible solutions. Despite its wide use in many combinatorial optimization problems, there are currently few parallel implementations of backtracking capable of effectively dealing with the memory-intensive nature of the process and the extremely unbalanced loads present. In this paper, a parallel, scalable, and memory-efficient backtracking algorithm within the context of maximal clique enumeration is presented, and its applicability to large-scale biological networks aimed at studying the mechanisms for efficient bioethanol production is discussed. C1 [Park, Byung-Hoon; Samatova, Nagiza F.; Karpinets, Tatiana; Jallouk, Andrew; Molony, Scott; Horton, Scott; Arcangeli, Steven] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatovan@ornl.gov RI Karpinets, Tatiana/F-4505-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This research has been supported by the "Exploratory Data Intensive Computing for Complex Biological Systems" project from U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science). The work of N. F.Samatova was also sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT Battelle forthe LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/4742-6596/78/1/012061 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200061 ER PT S AU Park, G Cummings, J Chang, CS Podhorszki, N Klasky, S Ku, S Pankin, A Samtaney, R Shoshani, A Snyder, P Strauss, H Sugiyama, L AF Park, G. Cummings, J. Chang, C. S. Podhorszki, N. Klasky, S. Ku, S. Pankin, A. Samtaney, R. Shoshani, A. Snyder, P. Strauss, H. Sugiyama, L. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D CA CPES Team TI Coupled simulation of kinetic pedestal growth and MHD ELM crash SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Edge pedestal height and the accompanying ELM crash are critical elements of ITER physics yet to be understood and predicted through high performance computing. An entirely self-consistent first principles simulation is being pursued as a long term research goal, and the plan is planned for completion in time for ITER operation. However, a proof-of-principle work has already been established using a computational tool that employs the best first principles physics available at the present time. A kinetic edge equilibrium code XGC0, which can simulate the neoclassically dominant pedestal growth from neutral ionization (using a phenomenological residual turbulence diffusion motion superposed upon the neoclassical particle motion) is coupled to an extended MHD code M3D, which can perform the nonlinear ELM crash. The stability boundary of the pedestal is checked by an ideal MHD linear peeling-ballooning code, which has been validated against many experimental data sets for the large scale (type I) ELMs onset boundary. The coupling workflow and scientific results to be enabled by it are described. C1 [Park, G.; Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.; Strauss, H.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10011 USA. [Cummings, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Podhorszki, N.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pankin, A.] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Samtaney, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Shoshani, A.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Snyder, P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. [Sugiyama, L.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [CPES Team] SciDAC Prototype FSP Ctr Plasma Edge Simulat, Oak Ridge, TN 14759 USA. [Klasky, S.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 14759 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10011 USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012087 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200087 ER PT S AU Pordes, R Petravick, D Kramer, B Olson, D Livny, M Roy, A Avery, P Blackburn, K Wenaus, T Wuerthwein, F Foster, I Gardner, R Wilde, M Blatecky, A Mcgee, J Quick, R AF Pordes, Ruth Petravick, Don Kramer, Bill Olson, Doug Livny, Miron Roy, Alain Avery, Paul Blackburn, Kent Wenaus, Torre Wuerthwein, Frank Foster, Ian Gardner, Rob Wilde, Mike Blatecky, Alan Mcgee, John Quick, Rob BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI The open science grid SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB The Open Science Grid (OSG) provides a distributed facility where the Consortium members provide guaranteed and opportunistic access to shared computing and storage resources. OSG provides support for and evolution of the infrastructure through activities that cover operations, security, software, troubleshooting, addition of new capabilities, and support for existing and engagement with new communities. The OSG SciDAC-2 project provides specific activities to manage and evolve the distributed infrastructure and support its' use. The innovative aspects of the project are the maintenance and performance of a collaborative (shared & common) petascale national facility over tens of autonomous computing sites, for many hundreds of users, transferring terabytes of data a day, executing tens of thousands of jobs a day, and providing robust and usable resources for scientific groups of all types and sizes. More information can be found at the OSG web site: www.opensciencegrid.org. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pordes, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ruth@fnal.gov FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, SciDAC program [DE-FC02-06ER41436]; National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement [PHY-0621704] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, SciDAC program under Contract DE-FC02-06ER41436 and the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement, PHY-0621704. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012057 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200057 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD Anninos, P Fragile, PC Camarda, K AF Salmonson, Jay D. Anninos, Peter Fragile, P. Chris Camarda, Karen BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Cosmos++ : Relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on unstructured grids with local adaptive refinement SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB A code and methodology are introduced for solving the fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) equations using time-explicit, finite-volume discretization. The code has options for solving the GRMHD equations using traditional artificial-viscosity (AV) or non-oscillatory central difference (NOCD) methods, or a new extended AV (eAV) scheme using artificial-viscosity together with a dual energy-flux-conserving formulation. The dual energy approach allows for accurate modeling of highly relativistic flows at boost factors well beyond what has been achieved to date by standard artificial viscosity methods. It provides the benefit of Godunov methods in capturing high Lorentz boosted flows but without complicated Riemann solvers, and the advantages of traditional artificial viscosity methods in their speed and flexibility. Additionally, the GRMHD equations are solved on an unstructured grid that supports local adaptive mesh refinement using a fully threaded oct-tree (in three dimensions) network to traverse the grid hierarchy across levels and immediate neighbors. Some recent studies will be summarized. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM salmonson@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; NSF [AST 03-07657]; National Science Foundation under the following NSF programs FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract W-7405-Eng-48. Funding support for P. C. F. was also provided by NSF grant AST 03-07657. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation under the following NSF programs: Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, Distributed Terascale Facility (DTF), and Terascale Extensions: Enhancements to the Extensible Terascale Facility. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012060 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200060 ER PT S AU Samtaney, R van Straalen, B Colella, P Jardin, SC AF Samtaney, R. van Straalen, B. Colella, P. Jardin, S. C. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Adaptive mesh simulations of multi-physics processes during pellet injection in tokamaks SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID DIII-D; REFINEMENT; SHOCK; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ABLATION AB We present the results of fully 3D adaptive mesh MHD simulations of fueling pellets injected into tokamaks. The Chombo framework for block structured local adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), extended to use the equilibrium magnetic coordinates, is employed to mitigate the problems due to the large range of spatial scales. Generalized upwinding techniques are employed to deal with sharp gradients. The modeling includes a semi-analytical kinetic treatment of the transport of electron energy flux which drives the ablation. We discuss the phenomenology of the mass redistribution processes involving the density equilibrating along field lines and transport across surfaces (in the large-major-radius direction). C1 [Samtaney, R.; Jardin, S. C.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [van Straalen, B.; Colella, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Samtaney, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM samtaney@pppl.gov; pcolella@lbl.gov FU SciDAC program of the Department of Energy at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, under USDOE [DE-AC020-76-CH03073]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We thank the SciDAC program of the Department of Energy for funding this work which was performed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, under USDOE Contract no. DE-AC020-76-CH03073. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012062 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200062 ER PT S AU Scheibe, TD Tartakovsky, AM Tartakovsky, DM Redden, GD Meakin, P AF Scheibe, T. D. Tartakovsky, A. M. Tartakovsky, D. M. Redden, G. D. Meakin, P. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Hybrid numerical methods for multiscale simulations of subsurface biogeochemical processes SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID CONTINUUM; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Many subsurface flow and transport problems of importance today involve coupled non-linear flow, transport, and reaction in media exhibiting complex heterogeneity. In particular, problems involving biological mediation of reactions fall into this class of problems. Recent experimental research has revealed important details about the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms involved in these processes at a variety of scales ranging from molecular to laboratory scales. However, it has not been practical or possible to translate detailed knowledge at small scales into reliable predictions of field-scale phenomena important for environmental management applications. A large assortment of numerical simulation tools have been developed, each with its own characteristic scale. Important examples include 1. molecular simulations (e.g., molecular dynamics); 2. simulation of microbial processes at the cell level (e.g., cellular automata or particle individual-based models); 3. pore-scale simulations (e.g., lattice-Boltzmann, pore network models, and discrete particle methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics); and 4. macroscopic continuum-scale simulations (e.g., traditional partial differential equations solved by finite difference or finite element methods). While many problems can be effectively addressed by one of these models at a single scale, some problems may require explicit integration of models across multiple scales. We are developing a hybrid multi-scale subsurface reactive transport modeling framework that integrates models with diverse representations of physics, chemistry and biology at different scales (sub-pore, pore and continuum). The modeling framework is being designed to take advantage of advanced computational technologies including parallel code components using the Common Component Architecture, parallel solvers, gridding, data and workflow management, and visualization. This paper describes the specific methods/codes being used at each scale, techniques used to directly and adaptively couple across model scales, and preliminary results of application to a multi-scale model of mineral precipitation at a solute mixing interface. C1 [Scheibe, T. D.; Tartakovsky, A. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tartakovsky, D. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Redden, G. D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Meakin, P.] Univ Oslo, Phys Geol Proc, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP Scheibe, TD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tim.scheibe@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 FU U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) FX This research is supported by the U. S. Department of Energys Office of Science under the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012063 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200063 ER PT S AU Schuchardt, KL Palmer, BJ Daily, JA Elsethagen, TO Koontz, AS AF Schuchardt, K. L. Palmer, B. J. Daily, J. A. Elsethagen, T. O. Koontz, A. S. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI IO strategies and data services for petascale data sets from a global cloud resolving model SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Global cloud resolving models at resolutions of 4km or less create significant challenges for simulation output, data storage, data management, and post-simulation analysis and visualization. To support efficient model output as well as data analysis, new methods for 10 and data organization must be evaluated. The model we are supporting, the Global Cloud Resolving Model being developed at Colorado State University, uses a geodesic grid. The non-monotonic nature of the grid's coordinate variables requires enhancements to existing data processing tools and community standards for describing and manipulating grids. The resolution, size and extent of the data suggest the need for parallel analysis tools and allow for the possibility of new techniques in data mining, filtering and comparison to observations. We describe the challenges posed by various aspects of data generation, management, and analysis, our work exploring 10 strategies for the model, and a preliminary architecture, web portal, and tool enhancements which, when complete, will enable broad community access to the data sets in familiar ways to the community. C1 [Schuchardt, K. L.; Palmer, B. J.; Daily, J. A.; Elsethagen, T. O.; Koontz, A. S.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schuchardt, KL (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karen.schuchardt@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012089 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200089 ER PT S AU Schuchardt, KL Black, GD Chase, JM Elsethagen, TO Sun, L AF Schuchardt, K. L. Black, G. D. Chase, J. M. Elsethagen, T. O. Sun, L. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Process integration, data management, and visualization framework for subsurface sciences SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Applying subsurface simulation codes to understand heterogeneous flow and transport problems is a complex process potentially involving multiple models, multiple scales, and spanning multiple scientific disciplines. A typical end-to-end process involves many tools, scripts and data sources usually shared only though informal channels. Additionally, the process contains many sub-processes that are repeated frequently and could be automated and shared. Finally, keeping records of the models, processes, and correlation between inputs and outputs is currently manual, time consuming and error prone. We are developing a software framework that integrates a workflow execution environment, shared data repository, and analysis and visualization tools to support development and use of new hybrid subsurface simulation codes. We are taking advantage of recent advances in scientific process automation using the Kepler system and advances in data services based on content management. Extensibility and flexibility are key underlying design considerations to support the constantly changing set of tools, scripts, and models available. We describe the architecture and components of this system with early examples of applying it to a continuum subsurface model. C1 [Schuchardt, K. L.; Black, G. D.; Chase, J. M.; Elsethagen, T. O.; Sun, L.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99320 USA. RP Schuchardt, KL (reprint author), Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99320 USA. EM karen.schuchardt@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012064 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200064 ER PT S AU Schwegler, E AF Schwegler, Eric BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI First-principles simulations of aqueous solutions SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDROPHOBIC HYDRATION; LIQUID WATER; APPROXIMATION; SOLVATION; ACCURACY; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR AB The importance of water in many areas of science has motivated an enormous number of experimental and theoretical investigations. In this paper, we review several recent examples where first-principles molecular dynamics simulations coupled with large scale computing has enabled important insight into the unique properties of water in a variety of systems, including pure liquid water, the solvation of ions and hydrophobic solutes and nanoscale confined systems such as water inside carbon nanotubes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwegler, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schwegler@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012065 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200065 ER PT S AU Shalf, J AF Shalf, John BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI The new landscape of parallel computer architecture SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID DESIGN AB The past few years has seen a sea change in computer architecture that will impact every facet of our society as every electronic device from cell phone to supercomputer will need to confront parallelism of unprecedented scale. Whereas the conventional multicore approach (2, 4, and even 8 cores) adopted by the computing industry will eventually hit a performance plateau, the highest performance per watt and per chip area is achieved using manycore technology (hundreds or even thousands of cores). However, fully unleashing the potential of the manycore approach to ensure future advances in sustained computational performance will require fundamental advances in computer architecture and programming models that are nothing short of reinventing computing. In this paper we examine the reasons behind the movement to exponentially increasing parallelism, and its ramifications for system design, applications and programming models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shalf, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jshalf@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012066 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200066 ER PT S AU Shephard, MS Jansen, KE Sahni, O Diachin, LA AF Shephard, M. S. Jansen, K. E. Sahni, O. Diachin, L. A. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Parallel adaptive simulations on unstructured meshes SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HIERARCHICAL BASIS; ADAPTATION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS; GMRES AB This paper discusses methods being developed by the ITAPS center to support the execution of parallel adaptive simulations on unstructured meshes. The paper first outlines the ITAPS approach to the development of interoperable mesh, geometry and field services to support the needs of SciDAC application in these areas. The paper then demonstrates the ability of unstructured adaptive meshing methods built on such interoperable services to effectively solve important physics problems. Attention is then focused on ITAPS' developing ability to solve adaptive unstructured mesh problems on massively parallel computers. C1 [Shephard, M. S.; Jansen, K. E.; Sahni, O.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12181 USA. [Diachin, L. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Shephard, MS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12181 USA. EM shephard@scorec.rpi.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012053 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200053 ER PT S AU Shoshani, A Altintas, I Choudhary, A Critchlow, T Kamath, C Ludascher, B Nieplocha, J Parker, S Ross, R Samatova, N Vouk, M AF Shoshani, Arie Altintas, Ilkay Choudhary, Alok Critchlow, Terence Kamath, Chandrika Ludascher, Bertram Nieplocha, Jarek Parker, Steve Ross, Rob Samatova, Nagiza Vouk, Mladen BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI SDM Center Technologies for Accelerating Scientific Discoveries SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB With the increasing volume and complexity of data produced by ultra-scale simulations and high-throughput experiments, understanding the science is largely hampered by the lack of comprehensive, end-to-end data management solutions ranging from initial data acquisition to final analysis and visualization. The SciDAC-1 Scientific Data Management (SDM) Center succeeded in bringing an initial set of advanced data management technologies to DOE application scientists in astrophysics, climate, fusion, and biology. Equally important, it established collaborations with these scientists to better understand their science as well as their forthcoming data management and data analytics challenges. Our future focus is on improving the SDM framework to address the needs of ultra-scale science during SciDAC-2. Specifically, we are enhancing and extending our existing tools to allow for more interactivity and fault tolerance when managing scientists' workflows, for better parallelism and feature extraction capabilities in their data analytics operations, and for greater efficiency and functionality in users' interactions with local parallel file systems, active storage, and access to remote storage. These improvements are necessary for the scalability and complexity challenges presented by hardware and applications at ultra scale, and are complemented by continued efforts to work with application scientists in various domains. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shoshani, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012068 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200068 ER PT S AU Taylor, MA Edwards, J Thomas, S Nair, R AF Taylor, M. A. Edwards, J. Thomas, S. Nair, R. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI A mass and energy conserving spectral element atmospheric dynamical core on the cubed-sphere grid SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID MODEL AB We present results from a conservative formulation of the spectral element method applied to global atmospheric circulation modeling. Exact local conservation of both mass and energy is obtained via a new compatible formulation of the spectral element method. Compatibility insures that the key integral property of the divergence and gradient operators required to show conservation also hold in discrete form. The spectral element method is used on a cubed-sphere grid to discretize the horizontal directions on the sphere. It can be coupled to any conservative vertical/radial discretization. The accuracy and conservation properties of the method are illustrated using a baroclinic instability test case. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Taylor, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mataylo@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012074 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200074 ER PT S AU Tierney, BL Gunter, D Berkeley, L Schopf, JM AF Tierney, Brian L. Gunter, Dan Berkeley, Lawrence Schopf, Jennifer M. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI The CEDPS troubleshooting architecture and deployment on the open science grid SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF AB Tracking failures and poor performance across a widely distributed system of resources has proven challenging for many ongoing DOE applications. An example is the Open Science Grid (OSG) project, which currently experiences a roughly 15% job failure rate. This can be an issue not only for Grid computing but for anyone performing large-scale data transfers to remote machines because of the large number of interconnected components and services. As part of the Center for Enabling Distributed Petascale Science (CEDPS) project we have been building an infrastructure to work with current middleware and existing system tools to more easily track failures and discover anomalous behavior. This consists of a common logging format, the extension of syslog-ng for centralized collection of data, a data summarizer to more easily manage the volume of logging, and an anomaly detection system that can connect to a warning system when unexpected behaviors occur. We are currently working with OSG to deploy a prototype of the full system. The initial logs gathered will be used to extend the analysis tools and to increase the reliability of the services for the SciDAC end user community. C1 [Tierney, Brian L.; Gunter, Dan; Berkeley, Lawrence] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schopf, Jennifer M.] Argonne Natl lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Tierney, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bltierney@lbl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098 and DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012075 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200075 ER PT S AU Tsung, FS Antonsen, T Bruhwile, DL Cary, JR Decyk, VK Esarey, E Geddes, GR Huang, C Hakim, A Katsouleas, T Lu, W Messmer, P Mori, WB Tzoufras, M Vieira, J AF Tsung, F. S. Antonsen, T. Bruhwile, D. L. Cary, J. R. Decyk, V. K. Esarey, E. Geddes, G. R. Huang, C. Hakim, A. Katsouleas, T. Lu, W. Messmer, P. Mori, W. B. Tzoufras, M. Vieira, J. BA Keyes, D BF Keyes, D TI Three-dimensional particle-in-cell Simulations of laser wakefield experiments SO SCIDAC 2007: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTING SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Conference (SciDAC 2007) CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP US DOE Off Sci, Natl Nucl Security Adm, US NSF ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; CHARGE CONSERVATION; ACCELERATOR; INJECTION AB Plasma accelerator methods offer the potential to reduce the size of moderate and high energy accelerators by factors of 1000. In the past few years great advances have been made in the production of low emittance, high quality (i.e., monoenergetic) electron beams with energies between. 1 and 1 GeV using ultra-fast (< 50 femtoseconds), high power (> 10TW) lasers. The most noticeable of these advances were the experimental results presented in the "Dream Beam" issue of Nature and in a recent issues of Physical Review Letters, Nature, and Nature Physics. The experimental progress have been made due to advances in lasers, diagnostics, plasma sources, and the knowledge of how to control of this highly nonlinear acceleration process. And this experimental progress has occurred simultaneously with and been in part due to advances in modeling capabilities. Using a hierarchy of particle-in-cell (PIC) codes OSIRIS, VORPAL, and QuickPIC, we have performed numerous full scale 3D simulations using parameters quoted from the Nature and Nature Physics articles. Our simulations have predicted results, provided agreement between simulations and experiments (within the shot-to-shot variations of the experiments), and provided insight into the complicated physics of the experiments. Most importantly, as our confidence in the fidelity of our methods increases we can now guide the planning of new experiments, and probe parameters that are not yet available. Thereby providing a "road map" for generating high quality, high-charge 10 to 100 GeV electron beams for use in high-energy physics and light sources. C1 [Tsung, F. S.; Decyk, V. K.; Lu, W.; Mori, W. B.; Tzoufras, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Antonsen, T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bruhwile, D. L.; Cary, J. R.; Hakim, A.; Messmer, P.] Tech-X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cary, J. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Esarey, E.; Geddes, G. R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Katsouleas, T.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Vieira, J.] Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Tsung, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM tsung@physics.ucla.edu RI Tzoufras, Michail/C-6436-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; Office of High Energy Physics through the SciDAC project "Advanced Computing for 21st Century Accelerator Science and Technology" [DE-FC02- 01ER41178, DE-FC02-01ER41179, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-95ER40926, DE-FG03-92ER40727]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DAWSON Cluster under NSF [Phy-0321345]; Tech-X Corp; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER54721] FX This work is primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics through the SciDAC project Advanced Computing for 21st Century Accelerator Science and Technology under various grant and contract No.s, including DE-FC02- 01ER41178, DE-FC02-01ER41179, and DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support was provided by the same office, under multiple grant No.s, including DE-FG03-95ER40926, DE-FG03-92ER40727. This work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as well as the DAWSON Cluster under NSF Phy-0321345. Partial support was also provided by Tech-X Corp and DOE under DE-FG02-03ER54721 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 78 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/78/l/012077 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGU55 UT WOS:000250667200077 ER PT S AU Schreck, S AF Schreck, Scott BA Sorensen, JN BF Sorensen, JN BE Hansen, MOL Hansen, KS TI Spectral content and spatial scales in unsteady rotationally augmented flow fields - art. no. 012024 SO Science of Making Torque from Wind SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Science of Making Torque from Wind CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID BLADE AB Frequency spectra were computed from C-n time series acquired during the NASA Ames wind tunnel experiment, for rotationally augmented flow field conditions at zero yaw. Prominent peaks were present in the frequency spectra, corresponding to dominant aerodynamic shedding modes. These shedding modes were well correlated with flow field mean structure, and Strouhal number analyses furnished information regarding time varying flow field kinematics. Specifically, Strouhal number analyses implied that one of two distinct shedding modes was present, depending upon test section speed and local inflow angle. Information regarding these shedding kinematics will help provide understanding of the aerodynamics responsible for unsteady load production during rotationally augmented conditions. This, in turn, will aid in establishing a reliable physical basis for accurately predicting the time varying aerodynamic forces responsible for wind turbine fatigue loads and damage. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, NRELs, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, S (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, NRELs, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 75 BP 12024 EP 12024 AR 012024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012024 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics GA BGR73 UT WOS:000250141300024 ER PT S AU Bir, G Jonkman, J AF Bir, Gunjit Jonkman, Jason BA Sorensen, JN BF Sorensen, JN BE Hansen, MOL Hansen, KS TI Aeroelastic instabilities of large offshore and onshore wind turbines SO SCIENCE OF MAKING TORQUE FROM WIND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Science of Making Torque from Wind CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID MW-SIZED BLADE; STABILITY; STALL AB Offshore turbines are gaining attention as means to capture the immense and relatively calm wind resources available over deep waters. This paper examines the aeroelastic stability of a three-bladed 5MW conceptual wind turbine mounted atop a floating barge with catenary moorings. The barge platform was chosen from the possible floating platform concepts, because it is simple in design and easy to deploy. Aeroelastic instabilities are distinct from resonances and vibrations and are potentially more destructive. Future turbine designs will likely be stability-driven in contrast to the current loads-driven designs. Reasons include more flexible designs, especially the torsionally-flexible rotor blades, material and geometric couplings associated with smart structures, and hydrodynamic interactions brought on by the ocean currents and surface waves. Following a brief description of the stability concept and stability analysis approach, this paper presents results for both onshore and offshore configurations over a range of operating conditions. Results show that, unless special attention is paid, parked (idling) conditions can lead to instabilities involving side-to-side motion of the tower, edgewise motion of the rotor blades, and yawing of the platform. C1 [Bir, Gunjit; Jonkman, Jason] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bir, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Gunjit_bir@nrel.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 75 AR 012069 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012069 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics GA BGR73 UT WOS:000250141300069 ER PT S AU Passon, P Kuhn, M Butterfield, S Jonkman, J Camp, T Larsen, TJ AF Passon, P. Kuehn, M. Butterfield, S. Jonkman, J. Camp, T. Larsen, T. J. BA Sorensen, JN BF Sorensen, JN BE Hansen, MOL Hansen, KS TI OC3-benchmark exercise of aero-elastic offshore wind turbine codes SO SCIENCE OF MAKING TORQUE FROM WIND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Science of Making Torque from Wind CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark AB This paper introduces the work content and status of the first international investigation and verification of aero-elastic codes for offshore wind turbines as performed by the "Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration"(OC3) within the "IEA Wind Annex XXIII - Subtask 2". An overview is given on the state-of-the-art of the concerned offshore wind turbine simulation codes. Exemplary results of benchmark simulations from the first phase of the project are presented and discussed while subsequent phases are introduced. Furthermore, the paper discusses areas where differences between the codes have been identified and the sources of those differences, such as the differing theories implemented into the individual codes. Finally, further research and code development needs are presented based on the latest findings from the current state of the project. C1 [Passon, P.; Kuehn, M.] Univ Stuttgart, Endowed Chair Wind Energy SWE, Allmandring 5B, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Butterfield, S.; Jonkman, J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Camp, T.] Garrad Hassan & Patners Ltd, Bristol, England. [Larsen, T. J.] Riso Natl Lab, Dept Wind Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Passon, P (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Endowed Chair Wind Energy SWE, Allmandring 5B, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM passon@ifb.uni-stuttgart.de RI Larsen, Torben/C-7104-2011; Kuhn, Martin/Q-1664-2016 OI Larsen, Torben/0000-0001-6741-5057; Kuhn, Martin/0000-0003-0506-9288 NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 75 AR 012071 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012071 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics GA BGR73 UT WOS:000250141300071 ER PT S AU van Dam, CP Chow, R Zayas, JR Berg, DE AF van Dam, C. P. Chow, R. Zayas, J. R. Berg, D. E. BA Sorensen, JN BF Sorensen, JN BE Hansen, MOL Hansen, KS TI Computational investigations of small deploying tabs and flaps for aerodynamic load control SO SCIENCE OF MAKING TORQUE FROM WIND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Science of Making Torque from Wind CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID MICROTABS; AIRFOILS AB The cost of wind-generated electricity can be reduced by mitigating fatigue loads acting on the blades of wind turbine rotors. One way to accomplish this is with active aerodynamic load control devices that supplement the load control obtainable with current full-span pitch control. Techniques to actively mitigate blade loads that are being considered include individual blade pitch control, trailing-edge flaps, and other much smaller trailing-edge devices such as microtabs and microflaps. The focus of this paper is on the latter aerodynamic devices, their time-dependent effect on sectional lift, drag, and pitching moment, and their effectiveness in mitigating high frequency loads on the wind turbine. Although these small devices show promise for this application, significant challenges must be overcome before they can be demonstrated to be a viable, cost-effective technology. C1 [van Dam, C. P.; Chow, R.] Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zayas, J. R.; Berg, D. E.] Dept Wind Energy Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP van Dam, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cpvandam@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 75 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012027 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Energy & Fuels; Mechanics; Physics GA BGR73 UT WOS:000250141300027 ER PT S AU Fortner, JA Kropf, AJ Jerden, JL Cunnane, JC AF Fortner, Jeffrey A. Kropf, A. Jeremy Jerden, James L. Cunnane, James C. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Chemical effects at the reaction front in corroding spent nuclear fuel SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID OXIDATIVE CORROSION; NEPTUNIUM; REPOSITORY; MECHANISMS AB Performance assessment models of the U. S. repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada suggest that neptunium from spent nuclear fuel is a potentially important dose contributor. A scientific understanding of how the UO2 matrix of spent nuclear fuel impacts the oxidative dissolution and reductive precipitation of Np is needed to predict the behavior of Np at the fuel surface during aqueous corrosion. Neptunium. would most likely be transported as aqueous Np(V) species, but for this to occur it must first be oxidized from the Np(TV) state found within the parent spent nuclear fuel. In this paper we present synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and microscopy findings that illuminate the resultant local chemistry of neptunium and plutonium within uranium oxide spent nuclear fuel before and after corrosive alteration in an air-saturated aqueous environment. We find the Pu and Np in unaltered spent fuel to have a +4 oxidation state and an environment consistent with solid-solution in the UO2 matrix. During corrosion in an air-saturated aqueous environment, the uranium matrix is converted to uranyl (UO22+) mineral assemblage that is depleted in Np and Pu relative to the parent fuel. The transition from U(TV) in the fuel to a fully U(VI) character across the corrosion front is not sharp, but occurs over a transition zone of similar to 50 micrometers. We find evidence of a thin (similar to 20 micrometer) layer that is enriched in Pu and Np within a predominantly U(IV) environment on the fuel side of the transition zone. These experimental observations are consistent with available data for the standard reduction potentials for NpO2+/Np4+ and UO22+/U4+ couples, which indicate that Np(IV) may not be effectively oxidized to Np(V) at the corrosion potential of uranium dioxide spent nuclear fuel in air-saturated aqueous solutions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fortner, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CMT-205,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600003 ER PT S AU Peters, MT Ewing, RC AF Peters, M. T. Ewing, R. C. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI A science-based approach to understanding waste form durability in open and closed nuclear fuel cycles SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB There are two compelling reasons for understanding source term and near-field processes in a radioactive waste geologic repository. First, almost all of the radioactivity is initially in the waste form, mainly in the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or nuclear waste glass. Second, over long periods, after the engineered barriers are degraded, the waste form is a primary control on the release of radioactivity. Thus, it is essential to know the physical and chemical state of the waste form after hundreds of thousands of years. The United States Department of Energy's Yucca Mountain Repository Program has initiated a long-term program to develop a basic understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of radionuclide release and a quantification of the release as repository conditions evolve over time. Specifically, the research program addresses four critical areas: a) SNF dissolution mechanisms and rates; b) formation and properties of U6+-secondary phases; c) waste form-waste package interactions in the near-field; and d) integration of in-package chemical and physical processes. The ultimate goal is to integrate the scientific results into a larger scale model of source term and near-field processes. This integrated model will be used to provide a basis for understanding the behavior of the source term over long time periods (greater than 10(5) years). Such a fundamental and integrated experimental and modeling approach to source term processes can also be readily applied to development of advanced waste forms as part of a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Specifically, a fundamental understanding of candidate waste form materials stability in high temperature/high radiation environments and near-field geochemical/hydrologic processes could enable development of advanced waste forms "tailored" to specific geologic settings. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peters, MT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600035 ER PT S AU Choi, JS Lee, C Farmer, J Day, D Wall, M Saw, C Boussoufi, M Liu, B Egbert, H Branagan, D D'Amato, A AF Choi, Jor-Shan Lee, Chuck Farmer, Joseph Day, Dan Wall, Mark Saw, Cheng Boussoufi, Moe Liu, Ben Egbert, Harold Branagan, Dan D'Amato, Andy BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Application of neutron-absorbing structural-amorphous metal (SAM) coatings for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) container to enhance criticality safety controls SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Spent nuclear fuel contains fissionable materials (U-235, Pu-239, Pu-241, etc.). To prevent nuclear criticality in spent fuel storage, transportation, and during disposal, neutron-absorbing materials (or neutron poisons, such as borated stainless steel, Boral (TM), Metamic (TM), Ni-Gd, and others) would have to be applied. The success in demonstrating that the High-Performance Corrosion-Resistant Material (HPCRM)([1]) can be thermally applied as coating onto base metal to provide for corrosion resistance for many naval applications raises the interest in applying the HPCRM to USDOE/OCRWM spent fuel management program. The fact that the HPCRM relies on the high content of boron to make the material amorphous - an essential property for corrosion resistance - and that the boron has to be homogenously distributed in the HPCRM qualify the material to be a neutron poison. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Choi, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600037 ER PT S AU Farmer, J Haslam, J Day, D Lian, T Saw, C Hailey, P Choi, JS Rebak, R Yang, N Bayles, R Aprigliano, L Payer, J Perepezko, J Hildal, K Lavermia, E Ajdelsztajn, L Branagan, D Beardsley, B AF Farmer, J. Haslam, J. Day, D. Lian, T. Saw, C. Hailey, P. Choi, J-S. Rebak, R. Yang, N. Bayles, R. Aprigliano, L. Payer, J. Perepezko, J. Hildal, K. Lavermia, E. Ajdelsztajn, L. Branagan, D. Beardsley, B. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI A high-performance corrosion-resistant iron-based amorphous metal-the effects of composition, structure and environment on corrosion resistance SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID GLASS-FORMATION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; YTTRIUM AB The passive film stability of several Fe-based amorphous metal formulations have been found to be comparable to that of high-performance Ni-based alloys, and superior to that of stainless steels, based on electrochemical measurements of the passive film breakdown potential and general corrosion rates. Chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) provide corrosion resistance; boron (B) enables glass formation; and rare earths such as yttrium (Y) lower critical cooling rate (CCR). The high boron content of this particular amorphous metal also makes it an effective neutron absorber, and suitable for criticality control applications, as discussed in companion publications. Corrosion data for SAM2X5 (Fe49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4) is discussed here. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Farmer, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013; OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964; Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600038 ER PT S AU Rebak, RB AF Rebak, Raul B. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Mechanisms of inhibition of crevice corrosion in alloy 22 SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXX SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in chloride-containing environments, especially at temperatures above ambient. The presence of oxyanions, especially nitrate, minimizes or eliminates the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to crevice corrosion. Other anions such as sulfate, carbonate and fluoride were also reported as inhibitors of crevice corrosion in Alloy 22. It is argued that the occurrence of crevice corrosion is due to the formation of hydrochloric acid solution in the creviced region. Inhibitors act by eliminating the occurrence of hydrochloric acid or by hampering its action. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L 631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600039 ER PT S AU Lian, T Day, D Hailey, P Choi, JS Farmer, J AF Lian, Tiangan Day, Daniel Hailey, Phillip Choi, Jor-Shan Farmer, Joseph BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Comparative study on the corrosion resistance of Fe-Based amorphous metal, borated stainless steel and Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloy SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Iron-based amorphous alloy FC49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8Si2.4 was compared to borated stainless steel and Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloy on their corrosion resistance in various high-concentration chloride solutions. The melt-spun ribbon of this iron-based amorphous alloy have demonstrated a better corrosion resistance than the bulk borated stainless steel and the bulk Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloy, in high-concentration chloride brines at temperatures 90 degrees C or higher. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lian, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600041 ER PT S AU Forsberg, CW Dole, LR AF Forsberg, Charles W. Dole, Leslie R. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Cermet spent nuclear fuel casks and waste packages SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXX SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Multipurpose transport, aging, and disposal casks are needed for the management of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Self-shielded cermet casks can outperform current SNF casks because of the superior properties of cermets, which consist of encapsulated hard ceramic particulates dispersed in a continuous ductile metal matrix to produce a strong high-integrity, high-thermal-conductivity cask. A multiyear, multinational development and testing program has been developing cermet SNF casks made of steel, depleted uranium dioxide, and other materials. Because cermets are the traditional material of construction for armor, cermet casks can provide superior protection against assault. For disposal, cermet waste packages (WPs) with appropriate metals and ceramics can buffer the local geochemical environment to (1) slow degradation of SNF, (2) reduce water flow though the degraded WP, (3) sorb neptunium and other radionuclides that determine the ultimate radiation dose to the public from the repository, and (4) contribute to long-term nuclear criticality control. Finally, new cermet cask fabrication methods have been partly developed to manufacture the casks with the appropriate properties. The results of this work are summarized with references to the detailed reports. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600042 ER PT S AU Evans, KJ Rebak, RB AF Evans, Kenneth J. Rebak, Raul B. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Repassivation potential of alloy 22 in chloride plus nitrate solutions using the potentiodynamic-galvanostatic-potentiostatic method SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID LOCALIZED CORROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRACKING AB In general, the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to suffer crevice corrosion is measured using the Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP) technique. This is a fast technique that gives rather accurate and reproducible values of repassivation potential (ER1) in most cases. In the fringes of susceptibility, when the environment is not highly aggressive, the values of repassivation potential using the CPP technique may not be highly reproducible, especially because the technique is fast. To circumvent this, the repassivation potential of Alloy 22 was measured using a slower method that combines Potentiodynamic-Galvanostatic-Potentiostatic steps (called here the Tsujikawa-Hisamatsu Electrochemical or THE method). The THE method applies the charge to the specimen in a more controlled way, which may give more reproducible repassivation potential values, especially when the environment is not aggressive. The values of repassivation potential of Alloy 22 in sodium chloride plus potassium nitrate solutions were measured using the THE and CPP methods. Results show that both methods yield similar values of repassivation potential, especially under aggressive conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600047 ER PT S AU Rebak, RB Aprigliano, LF Day, D Farmer, JC AF Rebak, Raul B. Aprigliano, Louis F. Day, Daniel Farmer, Joseph C. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Salt fog testing iron-based amorphous alloys SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Iron-based amorphous alloys are hard and highly corrosion resistant, which make them desirable for salt water and other applications. These alloys can be produced as powder and can be deposited as coatings on any surface that needs to be protected from the environment. It was of interest to examine the behavior of these amorphous alloys in the standard salt-fog testing ASTM B 117. Three different amorphous coating compositions were deposited on 316L SS coupons and exposed for many cycles of the salt fog test. Other common engineering alloys such as 1018 carbon steel, 316L SS and Hastelloy C-22 were also tested together with the amorphous coatings. Results show that amorphous coatings are resistant to rusting in salt fog. Partial devitrification may be responsible for isolated rust spots in one of the coatings. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rebak, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L 631, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600048 ER PT S AU Jantzen, CM Lorier, TH Pareizs, JM Marra, JC AF Jantzen, Carol M. Lorier, Troy H. Pareizs, John M. Marra, James C. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Fluidized bed steam reformed (FBSR) mineral waste forms: Characterization and durability testing SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID DISSOLUTION; NEPHELINE AB Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) is being considered as a mineralizing technology for the immobilization of a wide variety of wastes that are high in organics, nitrates-nitrites, halides, and/or sulfates. These wastes include the decontaminated High Level Waste (HLW) supernates referred to as low activity waste (LAW) at Department of Energy (DOE) sites in the United States and waste streams that may be generated by the advanced nuclear fuel cycle flowsheets that are being considered by the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) initiative. The organics are pyrolyzed into CO2 and steam in the absence of air. The FBSR Mineral waste form is a granular but can subsequently be made into a monolith for disposal if necessary. The waste is a multiphase mineral assemblage of Na-A1-Si (NAS) feldspathoid minerals (sodalite, nosean, and nepheline) with cage and ring structures that sequester radionuclides like Tc-99 and Cs-137 and anions such as SO4, L F, and Cl. Iron bearing spinel minerals are also formed and these phases stabilize Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous species such as Cr and Ni. Dissolution rates (eta) and activation energies of dissolution are parameters needed for Performance Assessments (PA) to be completed on the FBSR mineral waste form. parameters are defined in this study by Single Pass Flow Through (SPFT) testing. The dissolution rate (eta) and the activation energies for dissolution calculated in this study agree with the available rate and activation energy data for natural single crystal nepheline. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600057 ER PT S AU Janney, DE AF Janney, Dawn E. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Dissolution testing of a metallic waste form in chloride brine SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Argonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical process for conditioning spent sodium-bonded metallic reactor fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor H (EBR-II). One waste stream from this process consists of a metal waste form (MWF) whose baseline composition is stainless steel alloyed with 15 wt% Zr (SS-15Zr) and whose microstructure is a eutectic intergrowth of iron solid solutions and Fe-Zr-Cr-Ni intermetallics. This paper reports scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of corrosion products formed during static immersion tests in which coupons of surrogate MWF containing 10 wt% U (SS-15Zr-10U) were immersed in solutions with nominal pH values of 3 and 4 and 1000 ppm added chloride for 70 days at 50 degrees C. Although the majority of the surface areas of the coupons appear unchanged, linear areas with localized corrosion products apparently consisting of porous materials overlying corrosion-product-filled channels formed on both coupons, cross-cutting phase boundaries in the original eutectic microstructures. Many of the linear areas intersected the sample edge at notches present before the tests or followed linear flaws visible in pre-test images. Compositions of corrosion products differed significantly from the bulk composition, and the maximum observed concentration of U in corrosion products (similar to 25 at%) slightly exceeded the highest reported values in actinide-bearing phases in uncorroded surrogate MWF samples with comparable concentrations of U (similar to 17-19 at%). C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Janney, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600058 ER PT S AU Jerden, JL Kropf, AJ AF Jerden, James L. Kropf, A. Jeremy BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Surface complexation of neptunium(V) with goethite SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Batch adsorption experiments in which neptunium-bearing solutions were reacted with goethite (alpha-FeOOH) have been performed to study uptake mechanisms in sodium chloride and calcium-bearing sodium silicate solutions. This paper presents results identifying and quantifying the mechanisms by which neptunium. is adsorbed as a function of pH and reaction time (aging). Also presented are results from tests in which neptunium is reacted with goethite in the presence of other cations (uranyl and calcium) that may compete with neptunium for sorption sites. The desorption of neptunium from goethite has been studied by resuspending the neptunium-loaded goethite samples in solutions containing no neptunium. Selected reacted sorbent samples were analyzed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the oxidation state and molecular speciation of the adsorbed neptunium. Results have been used to establish the pH adsorption edge of neptunium on goethite in sodium chloride and calcium-bearing sodium silicate solutions. The results indicate that neptunium uptake on goethite reaches 95% at a pH of approximately 7 and begins to decrease at pH values greater than 8.5. Distribution coefficients for neptunium sorption range from less than 1000 (moles/kg)(sorbed)/ (moles/kg)(solution) at pH less than 5.0 to greater than 10,000 (moles/kg)(sorbed)/ (moles/kg)(solution) at pH greater than 7.0. Distribution coefficients as high as 100,000 (moles/kg)(sorbed) / (moles/kg)(solution) were recorded for the tests done in calcite equilibrated sodium silicate solutions. XAS results show that neptunium complexes with the goethite surface mainly as Np(V) (although Np(IV) is prevalent in some of the longer-duration sorption tests). The neptunium adsorbed to goethite shows Np-O bond length of approximately 1.8 angstroms which is representative of the Np-O axial bond in the neptunyl(V) complex. This neptunyl(V) ion is coordinated to 5 or 6 equatorial oxygens with Np-O bond lengths of 2.45 angstroms. The absence of a clearly recognizable Np-Fe interaction for the sodium chloride sorption tests suggests that neptunium in these solutions adsorbs as an outer-sphere complex. XAS results from the calcium-bearing sodium silicate sorption tests show evidence for a neptunyl(V) inner-sphere surface complex with a Np-Fe interaction at 3.5 angstroms. Desorption tests indicate that samples in which neptunium is bound as inner-sphere complexes show significant sorption hysteresis relative to samples in which neptunium is bound largely as outer-sphere complexes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600062 ER PT S AU Jerden, JL AF Jerden, James L., Jr. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Uranium sequestration by aluminum phosphate minerals in unsaturated soils SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB A mineralogical and geochemical study of soils developed from the unmined Coles Hill uranium deposit (Virginia) was undertaken to determine how phosphorous influences the speciation of uranium in an oxidizing soil/saprolite system typical of the eastern United States. This paper presents mineralogical and geochemical results that identify and quantify the processes by which uranium has been sequestered in these soils. It was found that uranium is not leached from the saturated soil zone (saprolites) overlying the deposit due to the formation of a sparingly soluble uranyl phosphate mineral of the meta-autunite group. The concentration of uranium in the saprolites is approximately 1000 mg uranium per kg of saprolite. It was also found that a significant amount of uranium was retained in the unsaturated soil zone overlying uranium-rich saprolites. The uranium concentration in the unsaturated soils is approximately 200 mg uranium per kg of soil (20 times higher than uranium concentrations in similar soils adjacent to the deposit). Mineralogical evidence indicates that uranium in this zone is sequestered by a barium-strontium-calcium aluminum phosphate mineral of the crandallite group (gorceixite). This mineral is intimately inter-grown with iron and manganese oxides that also contain uranium. The amount of uranium associated with both the aluminum phosphates (as much as 1.4 weight percent) has been measured by electron microprobe microanalyses and the geochemical conditions under which these minerals formed has been studied using thermodynamic reaction path modeling. The geochemical data and modeling results suggest the meta-autunite group minerals present in the saprolites overlying the deposit are unstable in the unsaturated zone soils overlying the deposit due to a decrease in soil pH (down to a pH of 4.5) at depths less than 5 meters below the surface. Mineralogical observations suggest that, once exposed to the unsaturated environment, the meta-autunite group minerals react to form U(VI)-bearing aluminum phosphates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jerden, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600070 ER PT S AU Krupka, KM Deutsch, WJ Schaef, HT Arey, BW Heald, SM Lindberg, MJ Cantrell, KJ AF Krupka, Kenneth M. Deutsch, William J. Schaef, H. Todd Arey, Bruce W. Heald, Steve M. Lindberg, Michael J. Cantrell, Kirk J. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Characterization of solids in residual wastes from underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site, Washington, USA SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID 241-C-203 AB Solid phase physical and chemical characterization methods have been used in an ongoing study of residual wastes from several single-shell underground waste tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Because these wastes are highly-radioactive dispersible powders and are chemically-complex assemblages of crystalline and amorphous solids that contain contaminants as discrete phases and/or coprecipitated within oxide phases, their detailed characterization offers an extraordinary technical challenge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) are the two principal methods used, along with a limited series of analyses by synchrotron-based methods, to characterize solid phases and their contaminant associations in these wastes. Depending on the specific tank, numerous solids (e.g., cejkaite; Na2U2O7; clarkeite; gibbsite; bohmite; dawsonite; cancrinite; Fe oxides such as hematite, goethite, and maghemite; rhodochrosite; lindbergite; whewellite; nitratine; and several amorphous phases) have been identified in residual wastes studied to date. Because many contaminants of concern are heavy elements, SEM analysis using the backscattered. electron (BSE) signal has proved invaluable in distinguishing phases containing elements, such as U and Hg, within the complex assemblage of particles that make up each waste. XRD, SEM/EDS, and synchrotron-based methods provide different, but complimentary characterization data about the morphologies, crystallinity, particle sizes, surface coatings, and compositions of phases in these wastes. The impact of these techniques is magnified when each is used in an iterative fashion to help interpret the results from the other analysis methods and identify additional, more focused analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krupka, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 473 EP 482 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600072 ER PT S AU Forsberg, CW Driscoll, MJ AF Forsberg, Charles W. Driscoll, Michael J. BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Specialized disposal sites for different reprocessing plant wastes SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID HIGH-LEVEL WASTE; RADIONUCLIDES; REPOSITORY AB Once-through fuel cycles have one waste form: spent nuclear fuel (SNF). In contrast, the reprocessed SNF yields multiple wastes with different chemical, physical, and radionuclide characteristics. The different characteristics of each waste imply that there are potential cost and performance benefits to developing different disposal sites that match the disposal requirements of different waste. Disposal sites as defined herein may be located in different geologies or in a single repository containing multiple sections, each with different characteristics. The paper describes disposal options for specific wastes and the potential for a waste management system that better couples various reprocessing plant wastes with disposal facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 551 EP 556 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600081 ER PT S AU Bresee, J AF Bresee, James BE Dunn, D Poinssot, C Begg, B TI Transmutation and the global nuclear energy partnership SO Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2006 CL Boston, MA C1 US DOE, Global Nucl Energy Partnership NE 2 4, Off Asst Sec Nucl Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bresee, J (reprint author), US DOE, Global Nucl Energy Partnership NE 2 4, Off Asst Sec Nucl Energy, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-942-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 985 BP 621 EP 630 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGV64 UT WOS:000250805600092 ER PT S AU Sullivan, EC Marfurt, KJ Blumentritt, C Ammerman, M AF Sullivan, E. C. Marfurt, K. J. Blumentritt, C. Ammerman, M. BE Davies, RJ Posamentier, HW Wood, LJ Cartwright, JA TI Seismic geomorphology of palaeozoic collapse features in the Fort Worth Basin (USA) SO SEISMIC GEOMORPHOLOGY: APPLICATIONS TO HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT St Joint SEPM/Geological-Society Conference CY FEB, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP Bureau Econ Geol, SEPM ID ORDOVICIAN ELLENBURGER GROUP; CENTRAL TEXAS; WEST TEXAS; CURVATURE; DIP AB Modem multi-trace geometric attributes produce three-dimensional volumes that can facilitate the recognition of karst geomorphology by avoiding the need to pre-interpret irregular horizons and by enhancing subseismic lateral variations in reflectivity. These geometric attributes include the well-established coherence technology, coupled with recent developments in spectrally limited estimates of volumetric curvature. Coherence measures lateral changes in waveform, and as such, is often sensitive to joints, small faults, sinkholes and collapse features. The many components of reflector curvature, including the most negative, most positive, Gaussian curvature and related shape indices (e.g. valleys, saddles, domes), are complimentary to coherence measures. Short wavelength estimates of curvature will illuminate small-scale lineaments while longer wavelength estimates of curvature illuminate more subtle flexures and compaction features. We show the results of applying a variety of multi-trace geometric attributes to a three-dimensional seismic volume from the Fort Worth Basin, where a collapse system extends vertically some 800m from the Ordovician Ellenburger carbonates through the dominantly siliciclastic Mississippian- Pennsylvanian interval. The collapse features in our data set appear as rounded, sinkhole-like appearances on time and horizon slices in the Pennsylvanian Marble Falls Limestones and the Ellenburger horizon displays features that can be interpreted as cockpit karst, dolines and frying pan valleys. Although a variety of palaeocave breccia facies in core and image logs indicate that the Ellenburger surface has been karsted, these breccias are not confined to the mega collapse features visible in seismic. The large (up to 700 m diameter) collapse chimneys can be shown in multi-spectral curvature attributes to have elongate rhombohedral shapes associated with intersections of Pennsylvanian age, field-scale to basin-scale, basement lineaments and faults. Isochores indicate greatest tectonic growth on faults from Mississippian until early Pennsylvanian, coincident with thickest fill of collapse features. Thus we interpret the origin of the chimneys to be primarily tectonic. The multi-trace geometric attributes permit better imaging of the three-dimensional shapes of the collapse features, provide better constraints on timing of their formation, allow us to begin to separate karst processes from tectonic processes and provide a means of predicting most likely locations of fluid movement along faults. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sullivan, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charlotte.sullivan@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-223-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2007 VL 277 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.277.01.11 PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA BGE62 UT WOS:000246337100011 ER PT S AU Johnston, S Ahrenkiel, R Dippo, P Page, M Metzger, W AF Johnston, Steven Ahrenkiel, Richard Dippo, Pat Page, Matt Metzger, Wyatt BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Kiesel, P Ogino, T TI Comparison of silicon photoluminescence and photoconductive decay for material quality characterization SO Semiconductor Defect Engineering-Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Defect Engineering Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices II held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; LIFETIME; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; WAFERS AB Minority-carrier lifetime in silicon directly relates to defect- and impurity-related recombination, and thus gives a measure of material quality. Lifetime measurements are useful in research laboratories and commercial production environments as an indicator for process development and quality control. While photoconductivity (PCD) techniques for measuring lifetime are commercially available, there has recently been interest in using photoluminescence (PL) to characterize lifetime in silicon because of the measurement speed to image an entire wafer and higher mapping resolution. The intensity of band-to-band PL is theoretically proportional to the effective bulk lifetime in low-injection conditions if carrier diffusion and reabsorption are neglected, surface recombination is small, and silicon properties, such as carrier concentration and the radiative recombination coefficient, are constant. We show data that compare lifetimes from PCD techniques to PL intensity for varying-resistivity, single-crystal silicon. Surface conditions are also varied (native oxide, thermal oxide, and HF etch/methyliodine solution), and the measured lifetimes are compared to corresponding PL intensity. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-954-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 994 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGT78 UT WOS:000250474700023 ER PT J AU Carroll, MS Koudelka, R AF Carroll, M. S. Koudelka, R. TI Accurate modelling of average phosphorus diffusivities in germanium after long thermal anneals: evidence of implant damage enhanced diffusivities SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International SiGe Technology and Device Meeting CY MAY 15-17, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ AB Average phosphorous diffusivities after implantation in < 100 > germanium have been measured for long anneals (i.e., 3-10 h) at temperatures from 600 to 800 degrees C. Considerable dose loss after annealing is also observed and quantified for temperatures below 800 degrees C. A diffusion model using an extrinsic diffusivity coefficient combined with a segregation component between the germanium and the oxide, to account for dopant loss, is found to be sufficient to completely explain the observed diffusion profiles. The best-fit diffusivity and segregation coefficients are reported for this model and the diffusivities are found to be over an order of magnitude slower than those measured after rapid thermal annealing (i.e., short anneals of only a few seconds). It is proposed that this disagreement of diffusivities between short and long anneals is due to implant damage perhaps similar to well-known transient enhanced diffusion effects observed in silicon. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelectron Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carroll, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelectron Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP S164 EP S167 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/1/S39 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 129TH UT WOS:000243752500040 ER PT J AU Chen, K Leona, M Vo-Dinh, T AF Chen, Kui Leona, Marco Vo-Dinh, Tuan TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for identification of organic pigments and dyes in works of art and cultural heritage material SO SENSOR REVIEW LA English DT Article DE pigments; dyes; culture; archaeology ID SINGLE-MOLECULE SENSITIVITY; MEDIEVAL WALL PAINTINGS; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; AG NANOPARTICLES; SILVER COLLOIDS; GOLD SOLS; SPECTROSCOPY; SERS AB Purpose - Identification and characterization of organic pigments and dyes used in works of art and cultural heritage material such as prints, drawings, manuscripts, paintings, and textiles can provide important information for dating, authentication, and conservation treatment of these objects and studying art history in general. Applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for this purpose have recently attracted increasing attention of both academic scientists and museum researchers. This paper aims to review the latest development involving the emerging applications of SERS for the analysis of organic pigments and dyes used in works of art and cultural heritage material. Design/nnethodology/approach - First, the importance of organic pigments and dyes in the studies of works of art and cultural heritage material and the challenges in their identification and characterization are briefly summarized. This is followed by a discussion on sampling considerations in the context of art and archaeology. Then the fundamental principle of SERS, SERS instrumentation and different types of SERS substrates are reviewed. Finally, selected examples of SERS applications to the identification of organic pigments and dyes, including the analysis of a couple of samples of artistic and archaeological interest, are presented and discussed. Findings - The last few years have witnessed the emergence of SERS as a non-destructive or micro-destructive technique for the characterization of organic pigments and dyes found in artistic and archaeological objects. Spectroscopic and microscopic measurements using SERS have provided some novel information and answers to a wide variety of questions. However, SERS application to the field of art and archaeology is still in the fledging stage of development and requires closer collaboration between academic scientists and museum researchers. But the range of possible applications is broad. Future trends point to a strong need for the development of portable instruments for field applications. Originality/value - By compiling this review, the authors hope to direct more attention toward SERS and bring together the expertise in the scientific, museum and art community to further explore the possibilities of SERS in rapid and direct identification of pigments and dyes under field conditions. C1 [Chen, Kui] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Kui; Leona, Marco; Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Metropolitan Museum Art, Dept Sci Res, New York, NY 10028 USA. [Vo-Dinh, Tuan] Duke Univ, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC USA. RP Chen, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenk@ornl.gov NR 72 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 13 U2 60 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0260-2288 J9 SENSOR REV JI Sens. Rev. PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1108/02602280710731678 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 288YA UT WOS:000255020900007 ER PT S AU Overly, TGS Park, G Farrar, CR AF Overly, Timothy G. S. Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. BE Peters, KJ TI Development of signal processing tools and hardware for piezoelectric sensor diagnostic processes - art. no. 653018 SO Sensor Systems and Networks: Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Systems and Networks - Phenomena, Technology, and Applications for NDE and Health Monitoring 2007 CY MAR 19-21, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Intelligent Mat Forum, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE sensor diagnosis; sensor validation; structural health monitoring; impedance method ID IMPEDANCE; ACTUATOR AB This paper presents a piezoelectric sensor diagnostic and validation procedure that performs in-situ monitoring of the operational status of piezoelectric (PZT) sensor/actuator arrays used in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The validation of the proper function of a sensor/actuator array during operation, is a critical component to a complete and robust SHM system, especially with the large number of active sensors typically involved. The method of this technique used to obtain the health of the PZT transducers is to track their capacitive value, this value manifests in the imaginary part of measured electrical admittance. Degradation of the mechanical/electrical properties of a PZT sensor/actuator as well as bonding defects between a PZT patch and a host structure can be identified with the proposed procedure. However, it was found that temperature variations and changes in sensor boundary conditions manifest themselves in similar ways in the measured electrical admittances. Therefore, we examined the effects of temperature variation and sensor boundary conditions on the sensor diagnostic process. The objective of this study is to quantify and classify several key characteristics of temperature change and to develop efficient signal processing techniques to account for those variations in the sensor diagnosis process. In addition, we developed hardware capable of making the necessary measurements to perform the sensor diagnostics and to make impedance-based SHM measurements. The paper concludes with experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Overly, TGS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6530 BP 53018 EP 53018 AR 653018 DI 10.1117/12.715834 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGJ49 UT WOS:000247600200040 ER PT S AU McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Hall, TE Kennedy, MO Foote, HP AF McMakin, Douglas L. Sheen, David M. Hall, Thomas E. Kennedy, Mike O. Foote, Harlan P. BE Carapezza, EM TI Biometric identification using holographic radar imaging techniques - art. no. 65380C SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VI CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biometrics; access control; millimeter waves; personnel surveillance; holography; radar imaging AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers have been at the forefront of developing innovative screening systems to enhance security and a novel imaging system to provide custom-fit clothing using holographic radar imaging techniques. First-of-a-kind cylindrical holographic imaging systems have been developed to screen people at security checkpoints for the detection of concealed, body worn, non-metallic threats such as plastic and liquid explosives, knifes and contraband. Another embodiment of this technology is capable of obtaining full sized body measurements in near real time without the person under surveillance removing their outer garments. Radar signals readily penetrate clothing and reflect off the water in skin. This full body measurement system is commercially available for best fitting ready to wear clothing, which was the first "biometric" application for this technology. One compelling feature of this technology for security biometric applications is that it can see effectively through disguises, appliances and body hair. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP McMakin, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6660-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6538 BP C5380 EP C5380 AR 65380C DI 10.1117/12.729636 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BGK27 UT WOS:000247902200008 ER PT S AU Zayas, JR Roach, DP Rumsey, MA Allan, WR Horsley, DA AF Zayas, Jose R. Roach, Dennis P. Rumsey, Mark A. Allan, William R. Horsley, David A. CA Sandia Natl Labs BE Tomizuka, M Yun, CB Giurgiutiu, V TI Low-cost fiber Bragg grating interrogation system for in situ assessment of structures SO Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Systems CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE wind turbine blades; fiber Bragg grating sensors; low-cost interrogator AB A project targeted at developing a low-cost fiber optic interrogator system for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been completed, and has resulted in a stand-alone system that can be used in multiple applications. The interrogator system, tailored as a potential solution for embedded strain sensing in composite wind turbine blades, was recently tested and its performance validated at the Infrastructure Assurance & Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) department at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The test specimen used to test the system consisted of a single fiber optic cable with six FBG sensors embedded in a 36-ply fiberglass composite specimen. The FBG sensors were installed around a series of known engineered flaws. Six foil type resistive strain gauges were bonded to the composite specimen surface and co-located with the six embedded FBG sensors. The fiber optic interrogator was used to sample the FBG sensors and an independent data acquisition system was used to sample the foil strain gauges. The test specimen was subjected to a series of static loads and the results from both the foil strain gauges and the FBG sensors were compared. Results from the analysis show a good correlation between the embedded FBG sensors and the foil strain gauges. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zayas, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6650-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6529 BP U1034 EP U1045 DI 10.1117/12.715273 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ87 UT WOS:000247832000102 ER PT S AU VanOsdol, J Woodruff, S Straub, D AF VanOsdol, John Woodruff, Steve Straub, Douglas BE Xiao, H Wang, A TI Transpiration purged optical probe: A novel sensor for high temperature harsh environments - art. no. 67570C SO SENSORS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors for Harsh Environments III CY SEP 11-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE combustion; gas turbine; optics; imaging; hydroxyl (OH); flame ionization; diagnostics AB Typical control systems that are found in modern power plants must control the many physical aspects of the complex processes that occur inside the various components of the power plant. As detection and monitoring of pollutants becomes increasingly important to plant operation, these control systems will become increasingly complex, and will depend upon accurate monitoring of the concentration levels of the various chemical species that are found in the gas streams. In many cases this monitoring can be done optically. Optical access can also be used to measure thermal emissions and the particulate loading levels in the fluid streams. Some typical environments were optical access is needed are combustion chambers, reactor vessels, the gas and solid flows in fluidized beds, hot gas filters and heat exchangers. These applications all have harsh environments that are at high temperatures and pressures. They are often laden with products of combustion and other fine particulate matter which is destructive to any optical window that could be used to monitor the processes in these environments in order to apply some control scheme over the process. The dust and char that normally collects on the optical surfaces reduces the optical quality and thus impairs the ability of the optical surface to transmit data. Once this has occurred, there is generally no way to clean the optical surface during operation. The probe must be dismounted from the vessel, disassembled and cleaned or replaced, then remounted. This would require the shutdown of the particular component of the plant where optical monitoring is required. This renders the probe ineffective to be used as the monitoring part of any control system application. The components of optical monitoring equipment are usually built in supporting structures that require precise alignment. This is almost always accomplished using fine scale adjustments to specialized mounting hardware that is attached to the reactor vessel. When the temperature of these supporting structures increases due to the high temperature process that is occurring inside the vessel, the optical alignment can often suffer due to the thermal expansion of the mounting structure. This can render them useless especially for gas velocity measurements or other situations where precise optical alignment is required. What is needed is an optical probe that can be inserted into any hazardous environment that will not suffer alignment problems or other failure modes that are related to high temperature dirty environments, and at the same time maintain a clean optical surface through the lifetime of the devise so that it may be continually used for optical inspection or for control system applications. This paper describes details of the construction and the use of a transpiration purged optical probe which mitigates the problems that are outlined above. The transpiration probe may be used as either an emitter or a detector. The probe is implemented in the harsh high temperature environment of the NETL pulsed combustion system where products of combustion and particulate matter have been shown to degrade the performance of a normal optical window. Assessments of combustion heat release are made by monitoring the ultraviolet signatures that are produced by the concentration of OH during a pulsed combustion process. It is shown that these measurements are directly correlated with the pressure within the pulsed combustor. Probe temperature measurements are also presented to show how the probe and its mounting hardware remain at constant temperatures well below the high temperature environment which they monitor. C1 [VanOsdol, John; Woodruff, Steve; Straub, Douglas] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP VanOsdol, J (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6917-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6757 BP C7570 EP C7570 DI 10.1117/12.735648 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHG43 UT WOS:000252958900007 ER PT J AU Rains, WO Counce, RM AF Rains, William O. Counce, Robert M. TI Liquidus curves of LiNO3(aq) calculated from the modified adsorption isotherm model for aqueous electrolytes SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity coefficients; aqueous electrolytes; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET); absorption isotherm; eutectics; liquidus; lithium nitrate ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; BET MODEL; WATER; SALT; MIXTURES AB The modified isotherm model, incorporating the Stokes-Robinson modification of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm, is used to calculate the liquidus curve of LiNO3(aq) including the eutectic points. The method described here represents a simplified approach to predict the liquidus curves with sparse information. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Counce, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM counce@utk.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1080/01496390601069911 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 135AM UT WOS:000244126200002 ER PT J AU Peterson, RA Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Poloski, AP AF Peterson, R. A. Lumetta, G. J. Rapko, B. M. Poloski, A. P. TI Modeling of boehmite leaching from actual hanford high-level waste samples SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boehmite; dissolution; high level waste ID DISSOLUTION; GIBBSITE; RATES AB The Department of Energy plans to vitrify approximately 60,000 metric tons of high level waste sludge from underground storage tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. To reduce the volume of high level waste requiring treatment, a goal has been set to remove about 90 percent of the aluminum, which comprises nearly 70 percent of the sludge. Aluminum in the form of gibbsite and sodium aluminate can be easily dissolved by washing the waste stream with caustic, but boehmite, which comprises nearly half of the total aluminum, is more resistant to caustic dissolution, and requires higher treatment temperatures and hydroxide concentrations. In this work, the dissolution kinetics of aluminum species during caustic leaching of actual Hanford high level waste samples is examined. The experimental results are used to develop a shrinking platelet model that provides a basis for the prediction of dissolution dynamics from a known process temperature and hydroxide concentration. This model is further developed to include the effects of particle size polydispersity, which is found to strongly influence the rate of dissolution. Two identical parameters for this model are used to describe leaching data from two sets of leaching results. When compared to other common monodisperse shrinking particle models, this result suggests a more physically meaningful model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Peterson, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM reid.peterson@pnl.gov OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1719 EP 1730 DI 10.1080/01496390701242111 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 183WU UT WOS:000247603900003 ER PT J AU Arora, MB Hestekin, JA Snyder, SW Martin, EJS Lin, YJ Donnelly, MI Millard, CS AF Arora, M. B. Hestekin, J. A. Snyder, S. W. Martin, E. J. St. Lin, Y. J. Donnelly, M. I. Millard, C. Sanville TI The separative bioreactor: A continuous separation process for the simultaneous production and direct capture of organic acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Membrane-Society CY 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP N Amer Membrane Soc DE bioprocessing; separative bioreactor; electrodeionization; organic acids; fermentation; resin wafer ID ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE REACTOR; GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE OXIDOREDUCTASE; ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; LACTIC-ACID; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; BIPOLAR ELECTRODIALYSIS; POLYMER MEMBRANE; FERMENTATION; TRANSPORT; RECOVERY AB The replacement of petrochemicals with biobased chemicals requires efficient bioprocesses, biocatalysis, and product recovery. Biocatalysis (e.g., enzyme conversion and fermentation) offers an attractive alternative to chemical processing because biocatalysts utilize renewable feedstocks under benign reaction conditions. One class of chemical products that could be produced in large volumes by biocatalysis is organic acids. However, biocatalytic reactions to produce organic acids typically result in only dilute concentrations of the product because of product inhibition and acidification that drives the reaction pH outside of the optimal range for the biocatalyst. Buffering or neutralization results in formation of the acid salt rather than the acid, which requires further processing to recover the free acid product. To address these barriers to biocatalytic organic acid production, we developed the "separative bioreactor" based on resin wafer electrodeionization, which is an electrodeionization platform that uses resin wafers fabricated from ion exchange resins. The separative bioreactor simultaneously separates the organic acid from the biocatalyst as it is produced, thus it avoids product inhibition enhancing reaction rates. In addition, the separative bioreactor recovers the product in its acid form to avoid neutralization. The instantaneous separation of acid upon formation in the separative bioreactor is one of the first truly one-step systems for producing organic acids. The separative bioreactor was demonstrated with two systems. In the first demonstration, the enzyme glucose fructose oxidoreductase (GFOR) was immobilized in the reactor and later regenerated in situ. GFOR produced gluconic acid (in its acid form) continuously for 7 days with production rates up to 1000 mg/L/hr at >99% product recovery and GFOR reactivity > 30 mg gluconic acid/mg GFOR/hour. In the second demonstration, the E. coli strain CSMI produced lactic acid for up to 24 hours with a productivity of >200 mg/L/hr and almost 100% product recovery. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Arkansas, Bell Engn Ctr, Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yplin@ani.gov OI Snyder, Seth/0000-0001-6232-1668 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2519 EP 2538 DI 10.1080/01496390701477238 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 207HB UT WOS:000249241100011 ER PT J AU Vincent, T Guibal, E Chiarizia, R AF Vincent, Thierry Guibal, Eric Chiarizia, Renato TI Palladium recovery by reactive precipitation using a cyanex 301-based stable emulsion SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE palladium; Cyanex 301; alginate; gelatin; emulsion; precipitation ID HYDROCHLORIC-ACID SOLUTIONS; PLATINUM-GROUP METALS; AUTOMOTIVE CATALYTIC-CONVERTERS; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; LIQUID-MEMBRANE; ENHANCED ULTRAFILTRATION; IMPREGNATED RESINS; SPENT CATALYSTS; EXTRACTION; SEPARATION AB Cyanex 301(R), di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid, has been combined with gelatin and alginate to prepare a stable emulsion that can be used for the reactive precipitation of palladium (metal reaction with the sulfur functional group of Cyanex 301). The ionotropic gelation of alginate leads to material precipitation. The process has been successfully tested for Pd binding from 0.1-5 M HCl solutions. The maximum binding capacity was found to be close to 350 mg Pd g(-1) Cyanex 301. A 1: 1 stoichiometric relation between Cyanex 301 and Pd has been identified. Extractant dependency plots showed that the ligand in the Pd-Cyanex 301 complex can also have a solvation number higher than one. Palladium uptake is not significantly affected by the presence of competing metals such as Cu, Ni, Zn, or Pt. Quantitative stripping of Pd from the precipitated bio-polymer could not be achieved. C1 [Vincent, Thierry; Guibal, Eric] Ecole Mines, Lab Genie Environm Ind, Ales, France. [Chiarizia, Renato] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL USA. RP Vincent, T (reprint author), Ecole Mines, Lab Genie Environm Ind, Ales, France. RI Guibal, Eric/B-1045-2008; Guibal, Eric/H-4915-2012; Vincent, Thierry/I-8087-2013 OI Guibal, Eric/0000-0002-2767-6305; Vincent, Thierry/0000-0003-3459-0152 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 42 IS 16 BP 3517 EP 3536 DI 10.1080/01496390701626735 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 244SC UT WOS:000251884600001 ER PT B AU Cui, XH Potok, TE AF Cui, Xiaohui Potok, Thomas E. BE Kim, HK Tanaka, J Malloy, B Lee, R Wu, C Baik, DK TI A particle swarm social model for multi-agent based insurgency warfare simulation SO SERA 2007: 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management, and Applications, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Reseach, Management and Applications held in Conjuction with 1st International Workshop on Advanced Internet Technology and Applications CY AUG 20-22, 2007 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Assoc Comp & Informat Sci, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE AB To better understand insurgent activities and asymmetric warfare, a social adaptive model for modeling multiple insurgent groups attacking multiple military and civilian targets is proposed and investigated. This report presents a pilot study using the particle swarm modeling, a widely used non-linear optimal tool, to model the emergence of insurgency campaign. The objective of this research is to apply the particle swarm metaphor as a model of insurgent social adaptation for the dynamically changing environment and to provide insight and understanding of insurgency warfare. Our results show that unified leadership, strategic planning, and effective communication between insurgent groups are not the, necessary requirements for insurgents to efficiently attain their objectives. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2867-0 PY 2007 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1109/SERA.2007.47 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGU18 UT WOS:000250555200025 ER PT J AU Tsong, AE Tuch, BB Johnson, AD AF Tsong, Annie E. Tuch, Brian B. Johnson, Alexander D. BE Heitman, J Kronstad, JW Taylor, JW Casselton, LA TI Rewiring Transcriptional Circuitry: Mating-Type Regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans as a Model for Evolution SO SEX IN FUNGI: MOLECULAR DETERMINATION AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEX-DETERMINING GENE; YEAST-CELL-TYPE; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BUDDING YEAST; MCM1 PROTEIN; ALPHA-2; DNA; LOCUS; EXPRESSION C1 [Tsong, Annie E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tuch, Brian B.; Johnson, Alexander D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tsong, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 84-355, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-583-7 PY 2007 BP 75 EP 89 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mycology GA BPD99 UT WOS:000278641800008 ER PT S AU de Jager, K AF de Jager, Kees BE Papanicolas, CN Bernstein, A TI Nucleon form factor experiments and the pion cloud SO Shapes of Hadrons SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Shape of Hadrons Workshop CY APR 27-29, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Hadron Phys 13, Inst Accelerat Syst & Applicat, Univ Athens, Natl & Capodistrian, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac, MIT Lab Nuclear Sci DE electromagnetic form factors; polarized beams ID DISPERSION-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; STRANGE BARYONS; RADIUS AB The experimental and theoretical status of elastic electron scattering from the nucleon is reviewed. A wealth of new data of unprecedented precision, especially at small values of the momentum transfer, in parallel to new theoretical insights, has allowed sensitive tests of the influence of the picnic cloud surrounding the nucleon. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP de Jager, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0411-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 904 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BGE05 UT WOS:000246239200007 ER PT S AU Pascalutsa, V Vanderhaeghen, M AF Pascalutsa, Vladimir Vanderhaeghen, Marc BE Papanicolas, CN Bernstein, A TI The gamma N -> Delta transition in chiral effective-field theory SO SHAPES OF HADRONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Shape of Hadrons Workshop CY APR 27-29, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE SP Greek Minist Educ, Hadron Phys 13, Inst Accelerat Syst & Applicat, Univ Athens, Natl & Capodistrian, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerat Fac, MIT Lab Nuclear Sci DE chiral Lagrangians; Delta(1232); electomagnetic form factors; pion production ID BARYON MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; P((E)OVER-RIGHT-ARROW; ELECTROPRODUCTION; RESONANCE; PROTON; GAMMA; MODEL AB We describe the pion electroproduction processes in the Delta(1232)-resonance region within the framework of chiral effective-field theory. By studying the observables of pion electroproduction in a next-to-leading order calculation we are able to make predictions and draw conclusions on the properties of the N -> Delta electromagnetic form factors. C1 [Pascalutsa, Vladimir; Vanderhaeghen, Marc] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Pascalutsa, Vladimir; Vanderhaeghen, Marc] Theor Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pascalutsa, V (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-04ER41302]; Jefferson Science Associates operates the Jefferson Laboratory [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We thank Aron Bernstein and Costas Papanicolas for invitation to this stimulating workshop and generous support. This work is partially supported by DOE grant no. DE-FG02-04ER41302 and contract DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates operates the Jefferson Laboratory. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0411-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 904 BP 158 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BGE05 UT WOS:000246239200013 ER PT S AU Boehly, TR Miller, JE Meyerhofer, DD Eggert, JH Celliers, PM Hicks, DG Collins, GW AF Boehly, T. R. Miller, J. E. Meyerhofer, D. D. Eggert, J. H. Celliers, P. M. Hicks, D. G. Collins, G. W. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Measurements of the release of alpha quartz: A new standard for impedance-matching experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE equation of state; release; alpha quartz; impedance match; reference standard; aerogel AB Measurements of the release of alpha quartz into SiO2 aerogel are found to agree well with previous near-direct measurements for that aerogel Hugoniot. The results establish alpha quartz as an impedance-matching standard that, because of its transparency, enables higher-accuracy measurements and knowledge of the pressure profile in the pusher. C1 [Boehly, T. R.; Meyerhofer, D. D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO 80127 USA. [Eggert, J. H.; Celliers, P. M.; Hicks, D. G.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Boehly, TR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion [DE-FC52-92SF19460]; University of Rochester; DOE FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-92SF19460, the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. The support of DOE does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 19 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500003 ER PT S AU Chesnut, GN Velisavljevic, N Sanchez, L AF Chesnut, Gary N. Velisavljevic, Nenad Sanchez, Lilliana BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Static high pressure x-ray diffraction of Ti-6Al-4V SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE titanium; Ti-6Al-4V; diffraction; diamond anvil cell; static ID HUGONIOT; SHEET AB Ti-6Al-4V was examined under static-high pressure conditions using a diamond anvil cell. The angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Radial and axial geometry were used to examine multiple samples. The purpose of the experiment was to generate pressure-volume data at room temperature (which is nonexistent in literature) and to examine deviatoric stress effects on such a hard alloy. C1 [Chesnut, Gary N.; Velisavljevic, Nenad; Sanchez, Lilliana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chesnut, GN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500005 ER PT S AU Colvin, JD AF Colvin, Jeffrey D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Modeling dynamic ductility: An equation of state for porous metals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shocks in solids; equation of state; porous materials; deformation and ductility AB Enhanced heating from shock compression of a porous material can potentially suppress or delay cracking of the material on subsequent expansion. In this paper we quantify the expected enhanced heating in an experiment in which a sector of a thin cylindrical shell is driven from the inside Surface by SEMTEX high explosive (similar to 1 mu s FWHM pressure pulse with peak pressure similar to 21.5 GPa). We first derive an analytical equation of state (EOS) for porous metals, then discuss the coupling of this EOS with material elastic-plastic response in a 2D hydrocode, and then discuss the modeling of the HE experiment with both fully dense and 10% porous Ta and a Bi/Ta composite. Finally.. we compare our modeling with some recent experimental data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Colvin, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500006 ER PT S AU Dattelbaum, DM Stevens, LL Orler, EB Ahart, M Hemley, RJ AF Dattelbaum, D. M. Stevens, L. L. Orler, E. B. Ahart, M. Hemley, R. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Brillouin-scattering determination of the acoustic properties of polymers at high pressure SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE equation-of-state; polymers; Brillouin scattering; high pressure AB Brillouin scattering is a powerful tool for probing the acoustic properties of materials. Coupled with high pressure environments, such as those accessible using diamond anvil cells, the method can reveal rich materials physics under extreme conditions, in addition to providing fundamental data for the development of equations of state. For the first time, the acoustic properties of two classes of polymers- rubbery elastomers and semi-crystalline fluoropolymers- have been measured from ambient pressure to similar to 12 GPa. From the measured acoustic properties for the elastomers, elastic constants, and moduli were determined as a function of pressure. P-V isotherms were also constructed, and fit to a range of empirical/semi-empirical isothermal equation-of-state (EOS) forms. From this analysis, the isothermal bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are reported. C1 [Dattelbaum, D. M.; Stevens, L. L.; Orler, E. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ahart, M.; Hemley, R. J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Dattelbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Department of Energy; Camegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Energy through Campaign 2, and the Camegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC). NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 39 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500008 ER PT S AU Greeff, CW Lizarraga, R AF Greeff, C. W. Lizarraga, R. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Liquid metal free energies from ab initio potential surfaces SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Monte Carlo; liquid metal; magnesium; copper; ab initio AB Direct free energy calculations for liquid metals from ab initio potential surfaces are very computationally intensive. Here we investigate Monte Carlo methods that involve sampling on the surface defined by a reference system. This allows for large gains in efficiency because the random walk is carried out on the (much faster) reference potential, and the ab initio potential is only evaluated on a small subset of uncorrelated configurations. We investigate the feasibility of these methods, by first applying them to liquid copper using an embedded atom potential, with a 1/r(12) pair potential as the reference system. We find that the free energy perturbation series converges well and is numerically tractable. Second and third order perturbation theory give results that are weakly dependent on the reference system parameters. A preliminary application to an ab initio potential surface for liquid magnesium shows that we can obtain free energies accurate at the meV/atom level with only similar to 100 evaluations of the ab initio total energies. C1 [Greeff, C. W.; Lizarraga, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greeff, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greeff, Carl/N-3267-2013; OI Greeff, Carl/0000-0003-0529-0441 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500009 ER PT S AU Hixson, RS Koller, DD Gray, GT Hayes, AB AF Hixson, R. S. Koller, D. D. Gray, G. T., III Hayes, A. B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic properties of a PB-SB alloy SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE dynamic properties; Hugoniot; lead; antimony; phase transition; equation of state; shock ID LEAD AB Lead is a material of fundamental scientific interest because of its relatively low melting point and ductility. Alloys of lead are used for practical reasons which include the desire to have a slightly harder form of the metal to be able to handle without damage. A practical question is how lead and alloys with small amounts of alloying element respond to dynamic loading. Here we report the results of fundamental shock wave compression experiments on an alloy of lead that contains approximately 3.5 wt.% antimony. Good results for several dynamic properties have been obtained, and are reported here. C1 [Hixson, R. S.; Koller, D. D.; Gray, G. T., III; Hayes, A. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hixson, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500011 ER PT S AU Honnell, KG Velisavljevic, N Adams, CD Rigg, PA Chesnut, GN Aikin, RM Boettger, JC AF Honnell, Kevin G. Velisavljevic, Nenad Adams, Chris D. Rigg, Paulo A. Chesnut, Gary N. Aikin, Robert M., Jr. Boettger, Jonathan C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Equation of state for Ti-Beta-21S SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE TIMETAL 21S; equation of state; Hugoniot; diamond-anvil cell; thermal expansion AB A new, tabular, SESAME equation of state, along with new diamond-anvil, Hugoniot, and thermal-expansion data, is presented for Ti-Beta-21S (TIMETAL (R) 21S), a high-strength, high-, temperature, beta-stabilized alloy of Ti, Mo, Nb, Al and Si. The new equation of state combines an empirical, Vinet description of the cold curve with the Johnson ionic model and the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac model for the thermal electronic contributions. Two coexisting phases, HCP (alpha) and BCC (beta), are observed at room temperature and pressure, with the a phase disappearing above 67 GPa. Predictions for the room-temperature isotherm, principal Hugoniot, thermal expansion, and heat capacity are compared to new and existing experimental results. C1 [Honnell, Kevin G.; Velisavljevic, Nenad; Adams, Chris D.; Rigg, Paulo A.; Chesnut, Gary N.; Aikin, Robert M., Jr.; Boettger, Jonathan C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Honnell, KG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500012 ER PT S AU Miller, JE Boehly, TR Meyerhofer, DA Eggert, JH AF Miller, J. E. Boehly, T. R. Meyerhofer, D. A. Eggert, J. H. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Equation-of-state measurements in ta(2)o(5) aerogel SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE tantalum pentoxide; aerogel; equation of state ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION AB Highly porous samples of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) aerogel were compressed from initial densities of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.25 g/cm(3) by shock waves with strengths between 0.3 and 3 Mbar. The compressed material was between 5 and 15 times as dense as the unshocked aerogels with temperatures of similar to 5 eV (similar to 58,000 K). These strong shock loadings were produced by the OMEGA Laser System at the Laboratory of Laser Energetics. The shocked states were diagnosed with the OMEGA velocity interferometer system for any reflector. When the compression measurements are compared to an available high-energy-density equation-of-state model, it is found that the model underestimates the level of compression achieved by shock loading below a Mbar. C1 [Miller, J. E.; Boehly, T. R.; Meyerhofer, D. A.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Miller, J. E.; Meyerhofer, D. A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Engn Mech, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Meyerhofer, D. A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Lockheed Martin Space Sys Co, Denver, CO 80127 USA. [Eggert, J. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion [DE-FC52-92SF19460]; University of Rochester; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-92SF19460, the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. The support of DOE does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 71 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500016 ER PT S AU Mulford, RN Swift, DC Lanier, NE Workman, J Holmes, RL Graham, P Moore, A AF Mulford, R. N. Swift, D. C. Lanier, N. E. Workman, J. Holmes, R. L. Graham, P. Moore, A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Improved EOS for describing high-temperature off-Hugoniot states in epoxy SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE equation of state; equilibrium chemistry ID SIMULATION AB Modelling of off-Hugoniot states in an expanding interface subjected to a shock reveals the importance of a chemically complete description of the materials. Hydrodynamic experiments typically rely on pre-shot target characterization to predict how initial perturbations will affect the late-time hydrodynamic mixing. However, it is the condition of these perturbations at the time of shock arrival that dominates their eventual late-time evolution. In some cases these perturbations are heated prior to the arrival of the main shock. Correctly modelling how temperature and density gradients will develop in the pre-heated material requires an understanding of the equation-of-state. In the experiment modelled, an epoxy/foam layered package was subjected to tin L-shell radiation, producing an expanding assembly at a well-defined temperature. This assembly was then subjected to a controlled shock, and the evolution of the epoxy-foam interface imaged with x-ray radiography. Modelling of the data with the hydrodynamics code RAGE was unsuccessful under certain shock conditions, unless condensation of chemical species from the plasma is explicitly included. The EOS code Cheetah was used to prepare suitable EOS for input into the hydrodynamics modelling. C1 [Mulford, R. N.; Swift, D. C.; Lanier, N. E.; Workman, J.; Holmes, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Graham, P.; Moore, A.] Atom Weapons Establishment, Dept Phys, Aldermaston, England. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Agency; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Jonathan Workman and Nicholas Lanier for financial support through the National Nuclear Security Agency. The work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500018 ER PT S AU Saumon, D AF Saumon, D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A new tabular eos for hydrogen isotopes SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE equation of state; hydrogen ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; ELECTRON-ION PLASMAS; HIGH-DENSITY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SHOCK-COMPRESSION; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; FLUID HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATION; PRESSURES; PHASE AB The Saumon-Chabrier EOS model for hydrogen has been greatly improved, expanded to cover new physical regimes, and generalized to all three isotopes of hydrogen. The new table covers 4 <= T <= 10(9) K and 10(-10) <= rho <= 10(3) g/cm(3). At low temperatures, gaseous, liquid and solid molecular phases are included, as well as the monatomic solid plasma. The fluid phase is based on the chemical picture that describes interacting H-2, H, H+ and electrons. Quantum corrections for the dense molecular, atomic and ionic fluids are included. The plasma model considers electron degeneracy, screening, relativistic effects, as well as strong plasma coupling. Interactions between charged and neutral particles have received particular attention as they control the pressure ionization of hydrogen. Notably, we found that previous predictions of a first order "plasma phase transition" based on this type of model are inherent to their construction and are not credible. This new model does not predict such a transition. A brief overview of the model is followed by comparisons with dynamic compression data and ab initio simulations. C1 LANL, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), LANL, Div Appl Phys, X-1-SMMP,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500023 ER PT S AU Simakov, VG Borisenok, VA Bragunets, VA Volgin, VA Zhernokletov, MV Zocher, MA Cherne, FJ AF Simakov, V. G. Borisenok, V. A. Bragunets, V. A. Volgin, V. A. Zhernokletov, M. V. Zocher, M. A. Cherne, F. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Study of phase transitions in cerium by PVDF gauge SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock wave; cerium; PVDF gauge; phase transition ID SHOCK COMPRESSION; PRESSURE; GAMMA; IRON; WAVE AB This paper examines phase transitions in cerium during shock compression using PVDF gauges. A two-wave structure was observed with loading pressures of 4 GPa <= P < 12 GPa. The wave structure consists of a leading isentropic compression wave followed by a shock wave. This wave structure was formed in cerium as a result of the isomorphic (gamma-alpha) phase transition. The wave profiles exhibited no peculiarities resulting from the polymorphic transition (alpha-epsilon) in the aforementioned pressure range. C1 [Simakov, V. G.; Borisenok, V. A.; Bragunets, V. A.; Volgin, V. A.; Zhernokletov, M. V.] All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. [Zocher, M. A.; Cherne, F. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Simakov, VG (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. OI Cherne, Frank/0000-0002-8589-6058 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Funding for this work was provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 105 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500024 ER PT S AU Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Vandersall, KS Garcia, F AF Urtiew, Paul A. Forbes, Jerry W. Tarver, Craig M. Vandersall, Kevin S. Garcia, Frank BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Dynamic loading of Teflon at 200 degrees C SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock compression; polymer; equation of state AB Dynamic loading experiments were performed on inert Teflon (PolytetRAfluoroethylene) samples, initially heated to the temperature of 200 degrees C, to test its behavior under these conditions for its use in other heated experiments. Tests were performed in the 100 mm diameter bore propellant driven gas gun with piezo-resistive manganin pressure gauges imbedded into the samples to measure loading pressures. Experimental data provided new information on the shock velocity - particle velocity relationship for the heated material and showed no adverse effect of temperature on the insulating properties of the material. C1 [Urtiew, Paul A.; Tarver, Craig M.; Vandersall, Kevin S.; Garcia, Frank] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Forbes, Jerry W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500025 ER PT S AU Zhernokletov, MV Kovalev, AE Komissarov, VV Novikov, MG Zoeher, MA Cherne, FJ AF Zhernokletov, M. V. Kovalev, A. E. Komissarov, V. V. Novikov, M. G. Zoeher, M. A. Cherne, F. J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Measurement of sound velocities and shear strength of cerium under shock compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE sound velocity; cerium; indicator liquids; manganin gauge; phase transition; melting ID RAREFACTION WAVE AB Sound velocity in shock-compressed cerium was measured over the pressure range of 35-140 GPa using the rarefaction overtake technique. Indicator liquids carbogal and tetrachloromethane were used. The samples were loaded with planar shock wave generators using powerful high explosives (HE). Luminescence of the liquid indicators was recorded using photodiodes. For the pressure range of 13-35 GPa, sound velocity was measured in cerium samples using the counter release method with manganin-based piezoresistive gauges. From the measured longitudinal and bulk sound velocities, Poisson's ratio and shear strength of cerium were determined. The melting boundary on the shock Hugoniot was estimated. Experimental data is compared with calculation results. C1 [Zhernokletov, M. V.; Kovalev, A. E.; Komissarov, V. V.; Novikov, M. G.] All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhnii Novgoro, Russia. [Zoeher, M. A.; Cherne, F. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhernokletov, MV (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhnii Novgoro, Russia. OI Cherne, Frank/0000-0002-8589-6058 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Funding for this work was provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 117 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500027 ER PT S AU Brown, EN Gray, GT Rae, PJ Trujillo, CP Bourne, NK AF Brown, E. N. Gray, G. T., III Rae, P. J. Trujillo, C. P. Bourne, N. K. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Effect of pulse duration on polytetrafluoroethylene shocked above the crystalline phase II-III transition SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock recovery; polytetrafluoroethylene; phase change ID PTFE; COMPRESSION; FRACTURE AB We present an experimental study of crystalline structure evolution of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) due to pressure-induced phase transitions in a semi-crystalline polymer using soft-recovery, shock-loading techniques coupled with mechanical and chemical post-shock analysis. Gas-launched, plate impact experiments have been performed on pedigreed PTFE 7C, mounted in momentum-trapped, shock assemblies, with impact pressures above and below the phase II to phase III crystalline transition. Below the phase transition only subtle changes were observed in the crystallinity, microstructure, and mechanical response of PTFE. Shock loading of PTFE X above the phase II-III transition was seen to cause both an increase in crystallinity from 38% to similar to 53% and a finer crystalline microstructure, and changed the yield and flow stress behavior. We particularly focus on the effect of pulse duration on the microstructure evolution. C1 [Brown, E. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bourne, N. K.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PN, Berks, England. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov; rusty@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 147 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500033 ER PT S AU Davis, JP Hayes, DB AF Davis, Jean-Paul Hayes, Dennis B. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Measurement of the dynamic beta-gamma phase boundary in tin SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE phase transition; phase boundary; isentropic compression; tin AB Experiments performed on the Z machine at Sandia Labs used magnetically generated planar ramp waves to quasi-isentropically compress pre-heated solid tin across the equilibrium beta-gamma phase boundary. Velocity history measurements at a tin/window interface exhibited features that could be consistently related, through simulations, to the beta-gamma structural transformation occurring in the bulk tin. The simulations used a homogeneous phase-mixture model with a gamma-phase energy offset that was adjusted to match the measured velocity feature. This determined the phase-boundary pressure from experiment and the phase-boundary temperature from the beta-phase equation of state. Due to wave interactions, measurements using sapphire windows were more difficult to interpret than those using LiF windows and thus led to results with larger uncertainty. Results did not display the hysteretic overshoot seen in static and shock experiments on other phase-transforming materials. C1 [Davis, Jean-Paul; Hayes, Dennis B.] Sandia Natl Labs, US Detpt Energy, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, US Detpt Energy, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500036 ER PT S AU Jacobsen, MK Kumar, RS Cornelius, AL Sinogeiken, SV Nicol, MF AF Jacobsen, M. K. Kumar, R. S. Cornelius, A. L. Sinogeiken, S. V. Nicol, M. F. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI High pressure x-ray diffraction studies of Bi2-xSbxTe3 (x=0,1,2) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE phase transitions; DAC (diamond-anvil cell); equation of state; diffraction (x-ray); diamond anvil cell; bulk modulus AB Recently, pressure tuning of the thermoelectric figure of merit has been reported for several materials Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric materials [2],[10],[12]. In order to investigate the bulk properties of Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, and their solid solution in detail, we have performed structural studies up to 20 GPa. Our diffraction results show that all three compounds transform from the ambient pressure structure to a high pressure phase between 7 and 10 GPa. In addition, these diffraction results have been converted to Vinet and Holzapfel equations of state to test the claim of electronic topological transitions in these structures [3]. C1 [Jacobsen, M. K.; Kumar, R. S.; Cornelius, A. L.; Nicol, M. F.] HiPSEC, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Mail Stop 4002, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sinogeiken, S. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jacobsen, MK (reprint author), HiPSEC, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy,Mail Stop 4002, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. OI Jacobsen, Matthew/0000-0002-0326-2562; Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 171 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500039 ER PT S AU Setchell, RE Montgomery, ST Cox, DE Anderson, MU AF Setchell, R. E. Montgomery, S. T. Cox, D. E. Anderson, M. U. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Initial temperature effects on the dielectric properties of PZT 95/5 during shock compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE ferroelectrics; phase transitions; dielectric properties; temperature effects AB A strong electric field can be generated when the shock-induced depoling current from a normally poled PZT 95/5 sample is passed through a large resistive load. The portion of total depoling current that is retained on the sample electrodes to account for capacitance is governed by the dynamic dielectric properties of both unshocked and shocked material. Early studies used measured load currents from single samples to assess models for dielectric response. In more recent studies, we used shock-driven circuits in which multiple PZT 95/5 elements were displaced both parallel and perpendicular to the shock motion. This allowed both load and charging currents to be measured for individual elements that are subjected to shock compression and release at different times. In the present study, these techniques have been utilized to examine dielectric properties in PZT 95/5 samples at initial temperatures from -56 to 74 degrees C. Significant changes in permittivity with temperature are observed in both unshocked and shocked samples. Measured currents show a complex dielectric response which can only be partially predicted using a simple dielectric relaxation model. C1 [Setchell, R. E.; Montgomery, S. T.; Cox, D. E.; Anderson, M. U.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500044 ER PT S AU Stevens, GD Lutz, SS Marshall, BR Turley, WD Veeser, LR Hixson, RS Jensen, BJ Rigg, PA Wilke, MD AF Stevens, G. D. Lutz, S. S. Marshall, B. R. Turley, W. D. Veeser, L. R. Hixson, R. S. Jensen, B. J. Rigg, P. A. Wilke, M. D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Surface specularity as an indicator of shock-induced solid-liquid phase transitions in tin SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE tin; melt; phase change; diagnostic; PDV; specularity AB When highly polished metal surfaces melt upon release after shock loading, they exhibit features that suggest significant surface changes accompany the phase transition. The reflection of light from such surfaces changes from specular (pre-shock) to diffuse upon melting. A familiar manifestation of this phenomenon is the loss of signal light in VISAR measurements, which usually occurs at pressures high enough to melt the free surface. Unlike many other potential material phase-sensitive diagnostics (e.g., reflectometery, conductivity), that show relatively small (1%-10%) changes, the specularity of reflection provides a more sensitive and definitive (>10x) indication of the solid-liquid phase transition. Data will be presented that support the hypothesis that specularity changes indicate melt in a way that can be measured easily and unambiguously. C1 [Stevens, G. D.; Lutz, S. S.; Marshall, B. R.; Turley, W. D.; Veeser, L. R.] Natl Security Technol, LLC, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Veeser, L. R.; Hixson, R. S.; Jensen, B. J.; Rigg, P. A.; Wilke, M. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stevens, GD (reprint author), Natl Security Technol, LLC, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. FU National Security Technologies; LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25946]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by National Security Technologies, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500046 ER PT S AU Ionita, A Mas, EM Clements, BE AF Ionita, Axinte Mas, Eric M. Clements, Brad E. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A two-scale FEM formulation for heterogeneous materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE finite element; two-scale; heterogeneous AB This article proposes a two-scale finite element approach for the dynamic response of heterogeneous materials. While common two-scale Finite Element Method (FEM) formulations consider the Representative Volume Element (RVE) much smaller than the finite element mesh, the present paper extends the formulation for the cases when RVE becomes comparable with the finite element in the mesh. The new two-scale equations and their FEM implementation, are presented together with an example. Keywords: Finite Element, Two-Scale, Heterogeneous. C1 [Ionita, Axinte; Mas, Eric M.; Clements, Brad E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ionita, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Clements, Brad/0000-0002-9664-637X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500054 ER PT S AU Lomov, I Liu, B Georgevich, V Antoun, T AF Lomov, Ilya Liu, Benjamin Georgevich, Vlad Antoun, Tarabay BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Numerical simulation of interaction of hypervelocity particle stream with a target SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE hypervelocity impact; direct numerical simulation; ceramic powder AB We present results of direct numerical simulations of impact of hypervelocity particle stream with a target. The stream of interest consists of submillimeter (30-300 micron) brittle ceramic particles. Current supercomputer capabilities make it possible to simulate a realistic size of streams (up to 20 mm in diameter and 500 min in length) while resolving each particle individually. Such simulations make possible to study the damage of the target from synergistic effects of individual impacts. In our research we fixed the velocity distribution along the axis of the stream (1-4 km/s) and volume fraction of the solid material (1-10%) and study effects of particle size variation, particle and target material properties and surrounding air properties. We ran 3D calibration simulations with up to 10 million individual particles and conducted sensitivity studies with 2D cylindrically symmetric simulations. We used an Eulerian Godunov hydrocode with adaptive mesh refinement. The particles, target material and air are represented with volume-of-fluid approach. Brittle particle and target material has been simulated with pressure-dependent yield strength and Steinberg model has been used for metal targets. Simulations demonstrated penetration depth and a hole diameter similar to experimental observations and can explain the influence of parameters of the stream on the character of the penetration. C1 [Lomov, Ilya; Liu, Benjamin; Georgevich, Vlad; Antoun, Tarabay] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lomov, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500056 ER PT S AU Orlikowski, D Correa, AA Schwegler, E Klepeis, JE AF Orlikowski, Daniel Correa, Alfredo A. Schwegler, Eric Klepeis, John E. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A Steinberg-Guinan model for high-pressure carbon: Diamond phase SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE strength; carbon; diamond; continuum model ID YIELD STRENGTH; INSTABILITIES; STRESS; STRAIN AB Since the diamond phase of carbon has such a high yield strength, dynamic simulations must account for strength even for strong shock waves (similar to 3 Mbar). We have determined an initial parametrization of two strength models: Steinberg-Guinan (SG) and a modified or improved SG(ISG), that captures the high pressure dependence of the calculated shear modulus up to 10 Mbar. The models are based upon available experimental data and on calculated elastic moduli using robust density functional theory. Additionally, we have evaluated these models using hydrodynamic simulations of planar shocks experiments. Keywords: strength, carbon, diamond, continuum model C1 [Orlikowski, Daniel; Correa, Alfredo A.; Schwegler, Eric; Klepeis, John E.] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Orlikowski, D (reprint author), LLNL, POB 808,L-45, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500057 ER PT S AU Robbins, J Voth, TE AF Robbins, Joshua Voth, Thomas E. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI An extended finite element method formulation for modeling the response of polycrystalline materials to dynamic loading SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE multiscale; finite element; dynamic loading; microstructure ID CRACK AB The eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) is a finite-element based discretization technique developed originally to model dynamic crack propagation [I]. Since that time the method has been used for modeling physics ranging from static meso-scale material failure to dendrite growth. Here we adapt the recent advances of Vitali and Benson [2] and Song et. al. [3] to model dynamic loading of a polycrystalline material. We use demonstration problems to examine the method's efficacy for modeling the dynamic response of polycrystalline materials at the meso-scale. Specifically, we use the X-FEM to model grain boundaries. This approach allows us to i) eliminate ad-hoe mixture rules for multi-material elements and ii) avoid explicitly meshing grain boundaries. C1 [Robbins, Joshua; Voth, Thomas E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robbins, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500060 ER PT S AU Vogler, TJ Borg, JP AF Vogler, T. J. Borg, J. P. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Mesoscale and continuum calculations of wave profiles for shock-loaded granular ceramics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE granular materials; compaction; mesoscale modeling; wave attenuation; model validation ID DYNAMIC COMPACTION AB Attenuating wave profiles from shock experiments on tungsten carbide powder are compared to calculations from the continuum P-lambda model and a 2-D mesoscale model to gain insight into the suitability of the two models. When calibrated, both models accurately capture the Hugoniot response of the powder and the arrival times of unattenuated steady waves. Their amplitudes are more accurately given by the mesoscale model since its reshock states are above the Hugoniot as seen experimentally; the P-lambda model, in contrast, reshocks along the Hugoniot. When the attenuating wave is in the range of the Hugoniot data, the models predict attenuation correctly. However, when attenuation falls below the Hugoniot data both models are somewhat inaccurate, and the material response seems to lie between the two models. The final aspect considered is the wave rise time, which is qualitatively correct for the mesoscale model but completely inaccurate for the P-lambda model. C1 [Vogler, T. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vogler, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500068 ER PT S AU Barber, JL Kadau, K Germann, TC Alder, BJ AF Barber, John L. Kadau, Kai Germann, Timothy C. Alder, Berni J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Simulation of fluid instabilities using atomistic methods SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Rayleigh-Taylor; Richtmyer-Meshkov; molecular dynamics; DSMC ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY AB We illustrate the present state of the art in large-scale atomistic simulations through various direct simulation Monte-Carlo calculations of the Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and compared with previous Navier-Stokes-based theory and simulations. We find that large particle-based simulations are able to capture both traditional hydrodynamic behavior as well as small-scale atomistic effects. C1 [Barber, John L.; Kadau, Kai] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barber, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-14,MS-G756, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500070 ER PT S AU Hammerberg, JE Ravelo, R Germann, TC Holian, BL AF Hammerberg, J. E. Ravelo, R. Germann, T. C. Holian, B. L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Frictional interactions at compressed Al interfaces SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE molecular dynamics; frictional force; plastic deformation; sliding friction; aluminum AB We discuss the velocity and temperature dependence of the frictional force at sliding Al-Al interfaces. A series of 3-D 1.4 million atom Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulations for single crystal Al incommensurate interfaces have been carried out for a range of imposed boundary temperatures and sliding velocities at an imposed boundary pressure of 15 GPa in the solid state. Velocities in the range 50-3000 m/s are considered for temperatures of 232, 464, and 696 X We discuss the regimes of interfacial stability, from stable anharmonic phonon dominated at low velocities, through plasticity dominated interfacial instability at intermediate velocities, to high velocity Couette flow, and present a scaled model for the frictional force in the intermediate to high velocity regimes. C1 [Hammerberg, J. E.; Germann, T. C.; Holian, B. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ravelo, R.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DEAC52-06NA25396]; LANL [ASC-PEM] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge very useful discussions with B. L. Holian during the course of this work. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DEAC52-06NA25396. The support of the LANL ASC-PEM program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500072 ER PT S AU Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Albers, RC Wark, JS Higginbotham, A Holian, BL AF Kadau, Kai Germann, Timothy C. Lomdahl, Peter S. Albers, Robert C. Wark, Justin S. Higginbotham, Andrew Holian, Brad Lee BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Atomistic simulations of shock-induced phase transformations in polycrystalline iron SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE shock; polycrystal; molecular dynamics; embedded atom method; iron ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WAVES; BLUEGENE/L AB We report on large-scale non-equilibrium atomistic Simulations of shock-induced transformations in polycrystalline iron samples. These simulations show that, depending on the crystallographic orientation of the body-centered-cubic (bee) parent phase grains with respect to the shock direction, a significant fraction of the product phase can be face-centered-cubic (fee) instead of the expected hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure. This observation is explained by the existence of different transformation mechanisms for shocks along different crystallographic directions. We conclude that the observation of different product phases can be explained by simple geometric considerations of the involved transformation mechanisms between the parent bee structure and the product hcp and fee structures. Ultrafast high-energy laser-based experiments are underway to further investigate this subject. C1 [Kadau, Kai; Germann, Timothy C.; Lomdahl, Peter S.; Albers, Robert C.; Holian, Brad Lee] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wark, Justin S.; Higginbotham, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011; OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; ASC FX We would like to thank J.L. Barber, E.M. Kober, and R.J. Ravelo for discussions. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with ASC funding. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 313 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500073 ER PT S AU Traiviratana, S Bringa, EM Benson, DJ Meyers, MA AF Traiviratana, Sirirat Bringa, Eduardo M. Benson, David J. Meyers, Marc A. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Void growth in single and bicrystalline metals: Atomistic calculations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE void; growth; copper; single; bi; nano; crystal; atomistic ID DUCTILE RUPTURE; NUCLEATION; FRACTURE AB MD simulations in monocrystalline and bicrystalline copper were carried out with LAMMPS to reveal void growth mechanisms. The specimens were subjected to both tensile uniaxial and hydrostatic strains; the results confirm that the emission of (shear) loops is the primary mechanism of void growth. However, these shear loops develop along two slip planes (and not one, as previously thought), in a heretofore unidentified mechanism of cooperative growth. The emission of dislocations from voids is the first stage, and their reaction and interaction is the second stage. These loops, forming initially on different {111} planes, join at the intersection, the Burgers vector of the dislocations being parallel to the intersection of two {111} planes: a < 110 > direction. Thus, the two dislocations cancel at the intersection and a biplanar shear loop is formed. The expansion of the loops and their cross slip leads to the severely work hardened layer surrounding a growing void. Calculations were carried out on voids with different sizes, and a size dependence of the stress response to emitted dislocations was observed, in disagreement with the Gurson model[1] which is scale independent. Calculations were also carried out for a void at the interface between two grains. C1 [Traiviratana, Sirirat; Benson, David J.; Meyers, Marc A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bringa, Eduardo M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Traiviratana, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 FU LLNL [B558558]; ILSA [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Financial support from LLNL grant B558558 and ILSA contract number W-7405-Eng-48 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 343 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500080 ER PT S AU Foster, JC Stewart, DS Thomas, K AF Foster, Joseph C., Jr. Stewart, D. Scott Thomas, Keith BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Multi-scale statistical design of high energy density materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosives; engineering design; statistical analysis AB High energy density materials [HEDM] find wide ranging application in commercial and defense applications. The engineering design of these materials is represented by a hierarchy of specifications on materials and processes. The specifications range in scale from molecular by specifying polymorphic crystal structure to macroscopic specifying geometry and global density. These specifications are used to control the configuration of the production HEDM component in the system design. A formalism analogous to that used in statistical mechanics is presented to aid in the interpretation of physical variability of the design based on specification. C1 [Foster, Joseph C., Jr.; Stewart, D. Scott] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Thomas, Keith] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dss@uiur.edu; fosterjc@uiuc.edu; thotnask@lanl.zov FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1 - 0044] FX This work has been partially funded by the Mathematical Directorate of Air Force Office of Scientific Research [(AFOSR, FA9550-06-1 - 0044 ] and benefits from many years of research on related problems by Joseph C. Foster, Jr. while serving as senior scientist and laboratory fellow at the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. Special mention is due Dr. Arje Nachman, Physical and Mathematics Directorate/AFOSR for his long term guidance and support of advanced mathematical methods being employed in many problems in detonation physics today. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 369 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500086 ER PT S AU Kiyanda, CB Short, M AF Kiyanda, Charles B. Short, Mark BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Modelling of detonation in PBX 9502 using a Stieffened-Gas EOS mixture model SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonation; modeling; PBX9502; Stiffened Gas AB A Stiffened-Gas based equation of state (EOS) model is developed for detonation wave propagation in insensitive high explosives. The current paper specifically concerns PBX 9502. ne model consists of a mixture of three components (solid reactant, an intermediate reactant and gaseous product) each having a Stiffened Gas EOS. A two-step chemical kinetic scheme is devised to capture the two distinct reaction timescales of detonating PBX 9502. The motivation behind this study is to highlight several issues with the fitting procedures used in the development of "reactive burn" models, and to understand the requirements for the development of predictive reactive burn models. These include sensitivity of detonation wave propagation properties to small changes in the EOS and chemical rate parameters, the implications of different closure models for the mixture EOS, and the physical implications of the wide flexibility in fitting EOS and rate parameters. The Stiffened-Gas based EOS model is simple enough for analytical analysis, but has sufficient parameters to reasonably capture the dynamics of detonation propagation in PBX 9502. It thus serves as an ideal model system for this study. C1 [Kiyanda, Charles B.] LANL, DE 9,MS-B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Short, Mark] LANL, DE 9,MS-P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kiyanda, CB (reprint author), LANL, DE 9,MS-B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU LANL DOE ASC; FQRNT; Quebec, Canada FX Funding was provided by the LANL DOE ASC program. C.B. Kiyanda was also supported by a grant from the FQRNT, from Quebec, Canada. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 393 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500092 ER PT S AU Shaw, MS AF Shaw, M. Sam BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Monte Carlo simulations of the effect of cross-potential variations on the equation of state of N-2/CO2 mixtures and of detonation products SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Monte Carlo; detonation products; cross-potentials; mixing ID EFFECTIVE SPHERICAL POTENTIALS; THERMODYNAMICS; PRESSURE; PBX-9501 AB The issues of mixing and cross-potentials were studied with particular emphasis on the implications for detonation products equation of state (EOS) and the prediction of measurable sensitivity to the cross-potential. A large number of Monte Carlo simulations were made with the choice of ensemble depending on the system being studied: NPT for uniform mixing, Gibbs for fluid-fluid phase separation, and Composite for full detonation products with chemical equilibrium and carbon clusters. Simulations with N-2/CO2 mixtures demonstrate significant sensitivity to the cross-potential in the EOS values for uniform mixtures, in the shape of the isotherms and the location of rapid changes due to fluid-fluid phase separation, and in the location of the fluid-fluid phase separation line in pressure and temperature. Suggestions are made for experimental methods to characterize the cross-potential and mixing properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T 14, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Shaw, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T 14, MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 413 EP 416 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500097 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM Chidester, SK AF Tarver, Craig M. Chidester, Steven K. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ignition and growth modeling of detonating TATB cones and arcs SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE explosive; triaminotrinitrobenzene; detonation failure; ignition and growth ID LX-17 AB Previously established Ignition and Growth reactive flow models for the detonating, triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) based plastic bonded explosives LX-17 and PBX 9502 are applied to recent experimental detonation propagation/failure experiments using unconfined cones, confined arcs, and unconfined arcs. The conical experiments are initially overdriven by the convergent geometry and then fail to detonate at smaller diameters than do unconfined cylindrical charges when the radial rarefaction wave lowers the shock pressure and temperature and thus decreases the chemical energy release rate. Unconfined TATB arcs detonate more slowly than cylindrical charges on the inner surface and exhibit large phase velocities on the outer surface. Confinement reduces but does not eliminate these effects. The Ignition and Growth model calculations based on parameters normalized to a great deal of one-, two- and three-dimensional detonation propagation data reproduce these features and agree closely with experimental detonation velocity and arrival time data. C1 [Tarver, Craig M.; Chidester, Steven K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500101 ER PT S AU Wescott, BL AF Wescott, B. L. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Generalized pseudo-reaction zone model for non-ideal explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE detonation shock dynamics; ANFO; cylinder test ID EQUATION-OF-STATE AB The pseudo-reaction zone model was proposed to improve engineering scale simulations with high explosives that have a slow reaction component. In this work an extension of the pseudoreaction zone model is developed for non-ideal explosives that propagate well below the steady-planar Chapman-Jouguet velocity. A programmed bum method utilizing Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) and a detonation velocity dependent pseudo-reaction rate has been developed for non-ideal explosives and applied to the explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO). The pseudo-reaction rate is calibrated to the experimentally obtained normal detonation velocity-shock curvature relation. Cylinder test simulations predict the proper expansion to within 1% even though significant reaction occurs as the cylinder expands. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wescott, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop T086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 433 EP 436 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500102 ER PT S AU Goldman, N Fried, LE Mundy, CJ Kuo, IFW Curioni, A Reed, EJ AF Goldman, Nir Fried, Laurence E. Mundy, Christopher J. Kuo, I-F. William Curioni, Alessandro Reed, Evan J. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of water under static and shock compressed conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE water; high pressure; high temperature; shock compression; ab initio Molecular Dynamics ID TEMPERATURE; AMMONIA AB We report herein a series of ab initio simulations of water under both static and shocked conditions. We have calculated the coherent x-ray scattering intensity of several phases of water under high pressure, using ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT). We provide new atomic scattering form factors for water at extreme conditions, which take into account frequently neglected changes in ionic charge and electron delocalization. We have also simulated liquid water undergoing shock loading of velocities from 5 - 11 km/s using the Multi-Scale Shock Technique (MSST). We show that Density Functional Theory (DFT) molecular dynamics results compare extremely well to experiments on the water shock Hugoniot. C1 [Goldman, Nir; Fried, Laurence E.; Kuo, I-F. William; Reed, Evan J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, L-282,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mundy, Christopher J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Curioni, Alessandro] IBM Corp, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, L-282,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM goldman14@llnl.gov; reed23@llnl.gov RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 443 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500104 ER PT S AU Quenneville, J Germann, TC Thompson, AP Kober, EM AF Quenneville, J. Germann, T. C. Thompson, A. P. Kober, E. M. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Molecular dynamics studies of thermal induced chemistry in TATB SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE TATB; molecular dynamics; carbon clustering; reactive force field; cookoff AB A reactive force field (ReaxFF) is used with molecular dynamics to probe the chemistry induced by intense heating ('accelerated cook-off) of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Large-system simulations are desired for TATB because of the high degree of carbon clustering expected in this material. Using small, 32-molecule simulations, we calculate the reaction rate as a function of temperature and compare the Arrhenius-predicted activation energy with experiment. Decomposition product evolution (mainly N-2, H2O, CO2 and graphitic carbon clusters) is followed using a 576-molecule larger simulation, which also illustrates the effect of system size on both carbon clustering and reaction rate. C1 [Quenneville, J.; Germann, T. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Thompson, A. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kober, E. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quenneville, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jasonq@lanl.gov; athomps@sandia.gov OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under U.S.Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Agnew National Security Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work was performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors wish to thank T. D.Sewell, M. S. Shaw, A. Strachan and S. V. Zybin for helpful discussions. JQ thanks LANL for funding through an Agnew National Security Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500106 ER PT S AU Reed, EJ Manaa, MR Fried, LE Glaesemann, K Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, Evan J. Manaa, M. Riad Fried, Laurence E. Glaesemann, Kurt Joannopoulos, John D. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI A transient semi-metallic layer in detonating nitromethane SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE nitromethane; detonation; molecular dynamics; tight-binding; metallization ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; TRANSITION; STATES AB We present the first ever glimpse behind a detonation shock front in a chemically reactive quantum molecular dynamics simulation of the explosive nitromethane (CH3NO2). We discover that the wide-bandgap insulator nitromethane undergoes chemical decomposition and a transformation into a semi-metallic state for a limited distance behind the detonation front. We find this transformation is associated with the production of charged decomposition species. C1 [Reed, Evan J.; Manaa, M. Riad; Fried, Laurence E.; Glaesemann, Kurt] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-367,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Glaesemann, Kurt/B-4841-2010; Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014; OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700; Glaesemann, Kurt/0000-0002-9512-1395 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500108 ER PT S AU Cherne, FJ Rigg, PA Anderson, WW Cooley, JC AF Cherne, F. J. Rigg, P. A. Anderson, W. W. Cooley, J. C. BE Elert, M Furnish, MD Chau, R Holmes, NC Nguyen, J TI Examination of the spallation behavior of cerium metal SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2007 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE cerium; spallation; strength; damage AB We have conducted a series of free surface shock experiments on cerium metal at peak shock pressures from 0.9-7.6 GPa. These experiments were done to examine the elastic-plastic behavior, the solid-solid phase transition occurring at 0.7-0.8 GPa, and the spall strength of the material as a function of peak stress. The elastic and low-pressure plastic waves exhibit long rise times while the post-transition plastic wave is sharp. Spallation wave profiles obtained using optical techniques are presented and discussed. C1 [Cherne, F. J.; Rigg, P. A.; Anderson, W. W.; Cooley, J. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cherne, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; OI Cherne, Frank/0000-0002-8589-6058 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0469-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 955 BP 489 EP 492 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BHC14 UT WOS:000252158500115 ER EF