FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Francis-Lyon, P Cristianini, N Holbrook, S AF Francis-Lyon, Patricia Cristianini, Nello Holbrook, Stephen GP IEEE TI Terminator detection by support vector machine utilizing a stochastic context-free grammar SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATORS; PREDICTION; SEQUENCE AB A 2-stage detector was designed to find rho-independent transcription terminators in the Escherichia coli genome. The detector includes a Stochastic Context Free Grammar (SCFG) component and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) component. To find terminators, the SCFG searches the intergenic regions of nucleotide sequence for local matches to a terminator grammar that was designed and trained utilizing examples of known terminators. The grammar selects sequences that are the best candidates for terminators and assigns them a prefix, stem-loop, suffix structure using the Cocke-Younger-Kasaami (CYK) algorithm, modified to incorporate energy effects of base pairing. The parameters from this inferred structure are passed to the SVM classifier, which distinguishes terminators from non-terminators that score high according to the terminator grammar. The SVM was trained with negative examples drawn from intergenic sequences that include both featureless and RNA gene regions (which were assigned prefix, stem-loop, suffix structure by the SCFG), so that it successfully distinguishes terminators from either of these. The classifier was found to be 96.4% successful during testing. C1 [Francis-Lyon, Patricia] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cristianini, Nello] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Holbrook, Stephen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Francis-Lyon, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pfrancis@ucdavis.edu; nello@support-vector.net; srholbrook@lbl.gov FU NIH [R33HG003070-01]; NHGRI [5RO1H6002665-02] FX Nello Cristianini was partially supported by NIH Grant No. R33HG003070-01, "Detecting Relations Among Heterogeneous Datasets". This work was supported by grant 5RO1H6002665-02 from the NHGRI to S.R.H. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0710-1 PY 2007 BP 170 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BGM70 UT WOS:000248516200024 ER PT S AU Branch, DW Edwards, TL AF Branch, Darren W. Edwards, Thayne L. GP IEEE TI Love wave acoustic array biosensor platform for autonomous detection SO 2007 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL New York, NY SP IEEE DE Love wave sensors; arrays; mass sensitivity; lithium tantalate; SPUDT ID TRANSDUCERS; SENSORS; DEVICE; LITAO3 AB The rapid autonomous detection of pathogenic microorganisms and bioagents by field deployable platforms is critical to human health and safety. To achieve a high level of sensitivity for fluidic detection applications, we have developed a 330 MHz Love wave acoustic biosensor on 36 degrees YX Lithium Tantalate (LTO). Each die has four delay-fine detection channels, permitting simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes or for parallel detection of single analyte containing samples. Crucial to our biosensor was the development of a transducer that excites the shear horizontal (SH) mode, through optimization of the transducer, minimizing propagation losses and reducing undesirable modes. Detection was achieved by comparing the reference phase of an input signal to the phase shift from the biosensor using an integrated electronic multi-readout system connected to a laptop computer or PDA. The Love wave acoustic arrays were centered at 330 MHz, shifting to 325-328 MHz after application of the silicon dioxide waveguides. The insertion loss was -6 dB with an out-of-band rejection of 35 dB. The amplitude and phase ripple were 2.5 dB p-p and 2-3 degrees pp, respectively. Time-domain gating confirmed propagation of the SH mode while showing suppression of the triple transit. Antigen capture and mass detection experiments demonstrate a sensitivity of 7.19 +/- 0.74 degrees mm(2)/ng with a detection limit of 6.7 +/- 0.40 pg/mm(2) for each channel. C1 [Branch, Darren W.; Edwards, Thayne L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Branch, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, POB 5800,MS-1425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-1383-6 J9 ULTRASON PY 2007 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.76 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHM55 UT WOS:000254281800061 ER PT S AU Black, JP Elium, A White, RM Apte, MG Gundel, LA Cambie, R AF Black, Justin P. Elium, Alex White, Richard M. Apte, Michael G. Gundel, Lara A. Cambie, Rossana GP IEEE TI MEMS-Enabled miniaturized particulate matter monitor employing 1.6 GHz aluminum nitride thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) and thermophoretic precipitator SO 2007 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL New York, NY SP IEEE DE thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR); particulate matter mass sensor; CMOS Pierce oscillator; aerosol; thermophoresis ID MASS AB We describe a miniaturized MEMS particulate matter (PM) monitor that employs the deposition of particulates from a sample stream onto a 1.6 GHz piezoelectric thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) by means of thermophoresis, and determination of the mass deposited by measuring the resonant frequency shift of a Pierce oscillator. Real-time measurements made in an environmental chamber over several weeks and during a week-long field study in a residence showed excellent correlation with the responses of other commercial aerosol instruments. An added mass of 1 pg could be resolved with the sensor, and the level of detection was 18 mu g / m(3). The monitor weighs 114 g, has a volume of approximately 245 cm 3, consumes less than 100 mW, and would cost less than $100 USD in small quantities. Efforts to further miniaturize the sensor and integrate it with a cell-phone are described. C1 [Black, Justin P.; Elium, Alex; White, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apte, Michael G.; Gundel, Lara A.; Cambie, Rossana] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Black, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rwhite@eecs.berkeley.edu FU California Air Resources Board; Intel, Inc.; Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC) FX This work was sponsored by the California Air Resources Board. The cell phone coupling project is supported by Intel, Inc. and internal funding from the Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC). NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-1383-6 J9 ULTRASON PY 2007 BP 476 EP + DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.128 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHM55 UT WOS:000254281800113 ER PT B AU Ayers, CW Conklin, JC Hsu, JS Lowe, KT AF Ayers, Curt W. Conklin, James C. Hsu, John S. Lowe, Kirk T. GP IEEE TI A unique approach to power electronics and motor cooling in a hybrid electric vehicle environment SO 2007 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL Arlington, TX SP IEEE DE direct cooled electronics; floating loop; hybrid electric vehicle thermal management; power electronics; refrigerant R-134a; two-phase cooling AB An innovative system for cooling the power electronics of hybrid electric vehicles is presented. This system uses a typical automotive refrigerant R-134a (1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane) as the cooling fluid in a system that can be used as either part of the existing vehicle passenger air conditioning system or separately and independently of the existing air conditioner. Because of the design characteristics, the cooling coefficient of performance is on the order of 40. Because liquid refrigerant is used to cool the electronics directly, high heat fluxes can result while maintaining an electronics junction temperature at an acceptable value. In addition, an inverter housing that occupies only half the volume of a conventional inverter has been designed to take advantage of this cooling system. Planned improvements should result in further volume reductions while maintaining a high power level. C1 [Ayers, Curt W.; Conklin, James C.; Hsu, John S.] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Ayers, CW (reprint author), Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9760-6 PY 2007 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544107 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIA66 UT WOS:000257945500018 ER PT B AU O'Keefe, M Bennion, K AF O'Keefe, M. Bennion, K. GP IEEE TI A comparison of hybrid electric vehicle power electronics cooling options SO 2007 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL Arlington, TX SP IEEE DE inverters; cooling; semiconductor device thermal management; semiconductor device thermal control AB This study quantifies the heat dissipation potential of three inverter package configurations over a range of control factors. These factors include coolant temperature, number of sides available for cooling, effective heat transfer coefficient, maximum semiconductor junction temperature, and interface material thermal resistance. Heat dissipation potentials are examined in contrast to a research goal to use 105 degrees C coolant and dissipate 200 W/cm(2) heat across the insulated gate bipolar transistor and diode silicon area. Advanced double-sided cooling configurations with aggressive heat transfer coefficients show the possibility of meeting these targets for a 125 degrees C maximum junction temperature, but further investigation is needed. Even with maximum tolerable junction temperatures of 200 degrees C, effective heat transfer coefficients of 5,000 to 10,000 W/m(2)-K will be needed for coolant temperatures of 105 degrees C or higher. C1 [O'Keefe, M.; Bennion, K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP O'Keefe, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd MS 1633, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9760-6 PY 2007 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIA66 UT WOS:000257945500021 ER PT B AU Shidore, N Lohse-Busch, H Smith, RW Bohn, T Sharer, PB AF Shidore, Neeraj Lohse-Busch, Henning Smith, Ryan W. Bohn, Ted Sharer, Philip B. GP IEEE TI Component and subsystem evaluation in a systems context using Hardware in the Loop SO 2007 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL Arlington, TX SP IEEE AB Hardware in the Loop (HIL)/Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) is generally acknowledged to be a cost- and time-effective approach to test controllers/components/subsystems in a system context. Argonne National Laboratory has been using HIL to evaluate the potential of a plug-in hybrid battery in a vehicle (battery HIL). Argonne has also constructed a vehicle platform on wheels to evaluate different power train components on a chassis dynamometer - the Mobile Advanced Technology Testbed (MATT). This paper describes these two HIL projects and gives some preliminary results on All Electric Range (AER) tests conducted on both HIL platforms. These results are compared to simulation results obtained from Argonne's Power train System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT). C1 [Shidore, Neeraj; Lohse-Busch, Henning; Smith, Ryan W.; Bohn, Ted; Sharer, Philip B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shidore, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9760-6 PY 2007 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544163 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIA66 UT WOS:000257945500065 ER PT B AU Du, Z Huang, AQ AF Du, Zhong Huang, Alex Q. GP IEEE TI Thermal analysis of a novel hybrid multilevel megawatt AC drive with ETO devices SO 2007 IEEE VEHICLE POWER AND PROPULSION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) CY SEP 09-12, 2007 CL Arlington, TX SP IEEE DE ETO device; hybrid multilevel megawatt AC drive; thermal analysis ID GENERALIZED TECHNIQUES; HARMONIC ELIMINATION; THYRISTOR INVERTERS; VOLTAGE CONTROL; CONVERTERS AB The hybrid multilevel converter topology was proposed recently to reduce the number of DC sources needed in a cascaded multilevel converter. This paper proposes to use the hybrid multilevel converter topology and the emerging medium voltage ETO (Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor) devices for megawatt AC drives. A case study and thermal analysis show that the proposed AC drive can have higher output power capability, higher output power quality with low device switching frequency when compared to the traditional megawatt AC drives with SPWM method under the same thermal conditions. Therefore, the proposed hybrid megawatt AC drive is an attractive low cost solution to future medium voltage drive applications with output voltage higher than 3300 V. C1 [Du, Zhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Du, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9760-6 PY 2007 BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544215 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BIA66 UT WOS:000257945500109 ER PT S AU Gupta, V Beyah, R Corbett, C AF Gupta, Vaibhav Beyah, Raheern Corbett, Cherita GP IEEE TI A characterization of wireless NIC active scanning algorithms SO 2007 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 11-15, 2007 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE IEEE 802.11 active scanning; wireless network interface card; host association AB In this paper we characterize the proprietary Active Scanning algorithms of several wireless network interface cards (WNICs) and driver combinations. We believe our experiments are the first of their kind to observe the complete scanning process as the WNICs probe all the channels in the 2.4GHz spectrum. We discuss the 1) channel probe order; 2) correlation of channel popularity during active scanning and access point (AP) channel deployment popularity; 3) number of Probe Request Frames (PRFs) sent on each channel across WNICs; 4) amount of time spent on each channel across WNICs (dwell time); and 5) variation in scanning algorithms. The knowledge gained from profiling WNICs is of significant importance to numerous disciplines. It enables us to understand different implementations (hardware and software) of Active Scanning. The same knowledge can help lay a foundation for implementing Active Scanning in network simulators. It is generically considered in only one of the popular simulators. Finally, the results from our work can also radically influence research in link-layer handovers, effective deployment of Access Points (APs), securing wireless networks, etc. C1 [Gupta, Vaibhav; Beyah, Raheern] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Beyah, Raheern] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Corbett, Cherita] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gupta, V (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4244-0658-6 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2007 BP 2387 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHD48 UT WOS:000252337104078 ER PT B AU Chertkov, M Stepanov, M AF Chertkov, Michael Stepanov, Mikhail GP IEEE TI Searching for low weight pseudo-codewords SO 2007 INFORMATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory and Applications Workshop CY FEB, 2006 CL Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA HO Univ Calif San Diego ID CODES; GRAPHS AB Belief Propagation (BP) and Linear Programming (LP) decodings of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are discussed. We summarize results of instanton/pseudo-codeword approach developed for analysis of the error-floor domain of the codes. Instantons are special, code and decoding specific, configurations of the channel noise contributing most to the Frame-Error-Rate (FER). Instantons are decoded into pseudo-codewords. Instanton/pseudo-codeword with the lowest weight describes the largest Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) asymptotic of FER, while the whole spectra of the low weight instantons is descriptive of the FER vs SNR profile in the extended error-floor domain. First, we describe a general optimization method that allows to find the instantons for any coding/decoding. Second, we introduce LP-specific pseudo-codeword search algorithm that allows efficient calculations of the pseudo-codeword spectra. Finally, we discuss results of combined BP/LP error-floor exploration experiments for two model codes. C1 [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret & Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B213,T-13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stepanov, Mikhail] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret & Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B213,T-13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chertkov@lanl.gov; stepanov@math.arizona.edu RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-615-15314-8 PY 2007 BP 92 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGV69 UT WOS:000250812500015 ER PT S AU Peterson, KD Tripp, JL AF Peterson, Kristopher D. Tripp, Justin L. BE Bertels, K Najjar, W VanGenderen, A Vassiliadis, S TI An effective automatic memory allocation algorithm based on schedule length in a novel C to FPGA compiler SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 27-29, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Delft Univ Technol, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, ALTERA, Mentor Graph, XILINX, Celoxica, invea tech, RECORE, Synplicity, DiNI Group AB A significant challenge in designing algorithms for FPGA-based reconfigurable computers is the exposed, non-cached memory subsystem. In the absence of dedicated hardware to manage a cached memory hierarchy, the algorithm designer must explicitly allocate data within a collection of memory banks, and schedule access to the memories in the algorithm's datapaths. The physical location in memory affects the datapath schedule, yet data dependencies in the algorithm can suggest allocation strategies to increase instruction level parallelism. In this work, we present three algorithms that automatically allocate arrays to memory banks and schedule datapaths that use those memories. Our algorithm allows the user to trade-off optimal results versus longer iterative analysis. C1 [Peterson, Kristopher D.] Univ London Imperial Coll, London, England. [Tripp, Justin L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, KD (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll, London, England. EM k.peterson06@lmperial.ac.uk; jtripp@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-1059-0 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2007 BP 745 EP 748 DI 10.1109/FPL.2007.4380759 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHD73 UT WOS:000252360200143 ER PT S AU Dummer, MM Sysak, MN Raring, JW Tauke-Pedretti, A Coldren, LA AF Dummer, Matthew M. Sysak, Matthew N. Raring, James W. Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Coldren, Larry A. GP IEEE TI Integration of a traveling-wave electro-absorption modulator with a widely tunable SG-DBR laser SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2007 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A widely tunable transmitter integrating a sampled grating DBR laser and traveling wave EAM with on-chip termination is presented. The transmitter exhibits a 23 GHz bandwidth, greater than 1 mW output power, and wavelength tuning over 30 nm. C1 [Dummer, Matthew M.; Sysak, Matthew N.; Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Coldren, Larry A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ECE Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Raring, James W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dummer, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ECE Dept, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dummer@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 978-1-4244-0874-0 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2007 BP 602 EP 605 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2007.381261 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGM76 UT WOS:000248523100157 ER PT S AU Chen, F Jiang, S Shi, WS Yu, WK AF Chen, Feng Jiang, Song Shi, Weisong Yu, Weikuan GP IEEE TI FlexFetch: A History-Aware Scheme for I/O Energy Saving in Mobile Computing SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPP) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2007) CY JUL 10-SEP 14, 2007 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Extension of battery lifetime has always been a major issue for mobile computing. While more and more data are involved in mobile computing, energy consumption caused by I/O operations becomes increasingly large. In a pervasive computing environment, the requested data can be stored both on the local disk of a mobile computer by using the hoarding technique, and on the remote server where data are accessible via wireless communication. Based on the current operational states of local disk (active or standby), the amount of data to be requested (small or large), and currently available wireless bandwidth (strong or weak reception), data access source can be adaptively selected to achieve maximum energy reduction. To this end, we propose a profile-based I/O management scheme, FlexFetch, that is aware of access history and adaptive to current access environment. Our simulation experiments driven by real-life traces demonstrate that the scheme can significantly reduce energy consumption in a mobile computer compared with existing representative schemes. C1 [Chen, Feng] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jiang, Song] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Shi, Weisong] Wayne State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Yu, Weikuan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fchen@cse.ohio-state.edu; sjiang@eng.wayne.edu; weisong@cs.wayne.edu; wyu@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; UT-Battelle, LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. Part of the work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-3165-6 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2007 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BKB61 UT WOS:000267695300010 ER PT S AU Balaji, P Bhagvat, S Panda, DK Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Balaji, P. Bhagvat, S. Panda, D. K. Thakur, R. Gropp, W. GP IEEE TI Advanced Flow-control Mechanisms for the Sockets Direct Protocol over InfiniBand SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS (ICPP) SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2007) CY JUL 10-SEP 14, 2007 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA AB The Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP) is an industry standard to allow existing TCP/IP applications to be executed on high-speed networks such as InfiniBand (IB). Like many other high-speed networks, IB requires the receiver process to inform the network interface card (NIC), before the data arrives, about buffers in which incoming data has to be placed. To ensure that the receiver process is ready to receive data, the sender process typically performs flow-control on the data transmission. Existing designs of SDP flow-control are naive and do not take advantage of several interesting features provided by IB. Specifically, features such as RDMA are only used for performing zero-copy communication, although RDMA has more capabilities such as sender-side buffer management (where a sender process can manage SDP resources for the sender as well as the receiver). Similarly, IB also provides hardware flow-control capabilities that have not been studied in previous literature. In this paper, we utilize these capabilities to improve the SDP flow-control over IB using two designs: RDMA-based flow-control and NIC-assisted RDMA-based flow-control. We evaluate the designs using micro-benchmarks and real applications. Our evaluations reveal that these designs can improve the resource usage of SDP and consequently its performance by an order-of-magnitude in some cases. Moreover we can achieve 10-20% improvement in performance for various applications. C1 [Balaji, P.; Thakur, R.; Gropp, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bhagvat, S.] Dell Inc, Scalable Syst Grp, Round Rock, TX USA. [Panda, D. K.] Ohio State Univ, Comp Sci & Engg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Balaji, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balaji@mcs.anl.gov; sitha_bhagvat@dell.com; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu; thakur@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov FU DOE [DE-FC02-06ER25749, DE-FC02-06ER25755]; NSF [CNS-0403342, CNS-0509452]; STTR subcontract from RNet Technologies; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research is funded in part by DOE grants #DE-FC02-06ER25749 and #DE-FC02-06ER25755; by NSF grants #CNS-0403342 and #CNS-0509452; by an STTR subcontract from RNet Technologies; and by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 978-1-4244-3165-6 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2007 BP 602 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BKB61 UT WOS:000267695300073 ER PT B AU Conway, AM Nikolic, RJ Wang, TF AF Conway, Adam M. Nikolic, Rebecca J. Wang, Tzu F. GP IEEE TI Numerical simulations of carrier transport in pillar structured solid state thermal neutron detector SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Conway, Adam M.; Nikolic, Rebecca J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wang, Tzu F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Conway, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM conway8@llnl.gov RI Conway, Adam/C-3624-2009 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, UCRL-CONF-235094] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. UCRL-CONF-235094. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 228 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100117 ER PT B AU George, TF Zhang, GP Mansoori, GA Assoufid, L AF George, Thomas F. Zhang, Guoping Mansoori, G. Ali Assoufid, Lahsen GP IEEE TI Diamondoids in nanotechnology: First-principles simulation of electronic structure and nonlinear optical response in adamantane SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [George, Thomas F.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [George, Thomas F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Zhang, Guoping] Indiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Mansoori, G. Ali] Univ Illinois, Dept Bio Engn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Mansoori, G. Ali] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Assoufid, Lahsen] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP George, TF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM tfgeorge@umsl.edu; gpzhang@indstate.edu; mansoori@uic.edu; assoufid@aps.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 349 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100179 ER PT B AU Eliza, SA Islam, SK Rahman, T Vijayaraghavan, R Grundman, T Blalock, B Randolph, SJ Baylor, LR Bigelow, TS Gardner, WL Ericson, MN Moore, JA AF Eliza, S. A. Islam, S. K. Rahman, T. Vijayaraghavan, R. Grundman, T. Blalock, B. Randolph, S. J. Baylor, L. R. Bigelow, T. S. Gardner, W. L. Ericson, M. N. Moore, J. A. GP IEEE TI Digitally addressable vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for implementation of massively parallel maskless lithography SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Eliza, S. A.; Islam, S. K.; Rahman, T.; Vijayaraghavan, R.; Grundman, T.; Blalock, B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Randolph, S. J.; Baylor, L. R.; Bigelow, T. S.; Gardner, W. L.; Ericson, M. N.; Moore, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eliza, SA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM seliza@utk.edu RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 385 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100197 ER PT B AU Rahman, T Eliza, SA Islam, SK Baylor, LR Grundman, TR AF Rahman, T. Eliza, S. A. Islam, S. K. Baylor, L. R. Grundman, T. R. GP IEEE TI A semi empirical model of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber for field emission devices for circuit application SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Rahman, T.; Eliza, S. A.; Islam, S. K.; Grundman, T. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Baylor, L. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rahman, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM trahman@utk.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 389 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100199 ER PT B AU Eliza, SA Islam, SK Lee, I Greenbaum, E AF Eliza, S. A. Islam, S. K. Lee, I. Greenbaum, E. GP IEEE TI Analysis of AlGaN/GaN HEMT modulated by Photosystem I reaction centers SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Eliza, S. A.; Islam, S. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lee, I.; Greenbaum, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eliza, SA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM seliza@utk.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100209 ER PT B AU Landy, NI Chen, HT Ohara, JF Zide, JMO Gossard, AC Highstrete, C Lee, M Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Padilla, WJ AF Landy, Nathan I. Chen, Hou-Tong OHara, John F. Zide, Joshua M. O. Gossard, Arthur C. Highstrete, Clark Lee, Mark Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Padilla, Willie J. GP IEEE TI Metamaterials for Novel Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Devices SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE terahertz; metamaterials; optoelectronic; millimeter wave ID INFRARED BANDPASS-FILTERS; INTERFERENCE FILTERS; NEGATIVE PERMEABILITY; MESH; REFRACTION AB We present experimental results of metamaterials operating at terahertz and mm-wave frequencies. Metamaterials consist of a single layer of 200nm thick gold on a doped or undoped semiconducting substrate. By optical and electronic doping of supporting semiconducting substrates we show external control of planar arrays of metamaterials, characterized with terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Both methods yield metamaterial / semiconductor devices which can be utilized as switches or modulators, enabling modulation of THz Transmission by 50 percent. Experiments are supported by simulations and results agree well. Because of the universality of metamaterial response over many decades of frequency, these results have implications for other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and will undoubtedly play a key role in future demonstrations of novel high-performance devices. C1 [Landy, Nathan I.; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Chen, Hou-Tong; OHara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K771, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zide, Joshua M. O.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Highstrete, Clark; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Landy, NI (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM Willie.Padilla@bc.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1448-2 PY 2007 BP 145 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI83 UT WOS:000253451000038 ER PT B AU Hadley, SW AF Hadley, Stanton W. GP IEEE TI Evaluating the impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on regional electricity supplies SO 2007 IREP SYMPOSIUM- BULK POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL - VII REVITALIZING OPERATIONAL RELIABLITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT iREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII Revitalizing Operational Reliability CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Charleston, SC AB Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to increase the use of electricity to fuel the U.S. transportation needs. The effect of this additional demand on the electric system will depend on the amount and timing of the vehicles' periodic recharging on the grid. We used the ORCED (Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch) model to evaluate the impact of PHEVs on the Virginia-Carolinas (VACAR) electric grid in 2018. An inventory of one million PHEVs was used and charging was begun in early evening and later at night for comparison. Different connection power levels of 1.4kW, 2kW, and 6kW were used. The results include the impact on capacity requirements, fuel types, generation technologies, and emissions. Cost information such as added cost of generation and cost savings versus use of gasoline were calculated. Preliminary results of the expansion of the study to all regions of the country are also presented. The results show distinct differences in fuels and generating technologies when charging times are changed At low specific power and late in the evening, coal was the major fuel used, while charging more heavily during peak times led to more use of combustion turbines and combined cycle plants. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hadley, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hadley, Stanton/O-1465-2015 OI Hadley, Stanton/0000-0002-6514-8802 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1518-2 PY 2007 BP 251 EP 262 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHT17 UT WOS:000256074700031 ER PT B AU Makarov, Y Miller, C Nguen, T Ma, T AF Makarov, Yuri Miller, Carl Nguen, Tony Ma, Tan GP IEEE TI Characteristic ellipsoid method for monitoring power system dynamic behavior using phasor measurements SO 2007 IREP SYMPOSIUM- BULK POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL - VII REVITALIZING OPERATIONAL RELIABLITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT iREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII Revitalizing Operational Reliability CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Charleston, SC ID COMPUTATION; EVENT AB The potential uses of the sub-second GPS-synchronized phasor data collected from various locations within an electric power system promise endless benefits for the applications targeting reliable operation of electric power systems. Despite the undisputable progress achieved in developing visualization tools, alarming tools, modal analysis tools, and statistical analysis tools based on synchrophasor data, there is an emerging need to develop more real-time phasor-based applications. This paper discusses a new idea of the characteristic ellipsoid approach to monitor the dynamic behavior of an interconnected power system using phasor measurements. This method will be a useful tool for providing wide-area situational awareness for grid operators, identification of system disturbances and detection of system stresses and their locations. C1 [Makarov, Yuri; Miller, Carl; Nguen, Tony; Ma, Tan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Makarov, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1518-2 PY 2007 BP 515 EP 519 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHT17 UT WOS:000256074700061 ER PT B AU Xu, Y Li, FX Kueck, JD Rizy, DT AF Xu, Yan Li, Fangxing Kueck, John D. Rizy, D. Tom GP IEEE TI Experiment and simulation of dynamic voltage regulation with multiple distributed energy resources SO 2007 IREP SYMPOSIUM- BULK POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL - VII REVITALIZING OPERATIONAL RELIABLITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT iREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII Revitalizing Operational Reliability CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Charleston, SC AB Distributed energy (DE) resources are power sources located near load centers and equipped with power electronics converters to interface with the grid, therefore it is feasible for DE to provide reactive power (along with active power) locally for dynamic voltage regulation. In this paper, a synchronous condenser and a microturbine with an inverter interface are implemented in parallel in a distribution system to regulate the local voltage. Developed voltage control schemes for the inverter and the synchronous condenser are presented. Experimental results show that both the inverter and the synchronous condenser can regulate the local voltage instantaneously although the dynamic response of the inverter is much faster than the synchronous condenser. In a system with multiple DEs performing local voltage regulation, the interaction between the DEs is studied. The simulation results show the relationship between the voltages in the system and the reactive power required for the voltage regulation. Also, integrated voltage regulation (multiple DEs performing voltage regulation) can increase the voltage regulation capability of DEs and reduce the capital and operating costs. C1 [Xu, Yan; Kueck, John D.; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1518-2 PY 2007 BP 579 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHT17 UT WOS:000256074700069 ER PT B AU Xu, Y Li, FX Kueck, JD Rizy, DT AF Xu, Yan Li, Fangxing Kueck, John D. Rizy, D. Tom GP IEEE TI Experiment and simulation of dynamic voltage regulation with multiple distributed energy resources SO 2007 IREP SYMPOSIUM- BULK POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONTROL - VII REVITALIZING OPERATIONAL RELIABLITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT iREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII Revitalizing Operational Reliability CY AUG 19-24, 2007 CL Charleston, SC AB Distributed energy (DE) resources are power sources located near load centers and equipped with power electronics converters to interface with the grid, therefore it is feasible for DE to provide reactive power (along with active power) locally for dynamic voltage regulation. In this paper, a synchronous condenser and a microturbine with an inverter interface are implemented in parallel in a distribution system to regulate the local voltage. Developed voltage control schemes for the inverter and the synchronous condenser are presented. Experimental results show that both the inverter and the synchronous condenser can regulate the local voltage instantaneously although the dynamic response of the inverter is much faster than the synchronous condenser. In a system with multiple DEs performing local voltage regulation, the interaction between the DEs is studied. The simulation results show the relationship between the voltages in the system and the reactive power required for the voltage regulation. Also, integrated voltage regulation (multiple DEs performing voltage regulation) can increase the voltage regulation capability of DEs and reduce the capital and operating costs. C1 [Xu, Yan; Kueck, John D.; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1518-2 PY 2007 BP 586 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHT17 UT WOS:000256074700070 ER PT B AU Landy, NI Chen, HT Zide, JMO Gossard, AC Highstrete, C Lee, M O'Hara, JF Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Padilla, WJ AF Landy, Nathan I. Chen, Hou-Tong Zide, Joshua M. O. Gossard, Arthur C. Highstrete, Clark Lee, Mark O'Hara, John F. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Padilla, Willie J. GP IEEE TI Metamaterials and their THz applications SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE terahertz; metamaterials; optoelectronic; millimeter wave AB We present experimental results of metamaterials operating at terahertz and mm-wave frequencies. Metamaterials consist of a single layer of 200nm thick gold on a doped or undoped semiconducting substrate. By optical and electronic doping of supporting semiconducting substrates we show external control of planar arrays of metamaterials, characterized with terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Both methods yield metamaterial / semiconductor devices which can be utilized as switches or modulators, enabling modulation of THz Transmission by 50 percent. Experiments are supported by simulations and results agree well. Because of the universality of metamaterial response over many decades of frequency, these results have implications for other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and win undoubtedly play a key role in future demonstrations of novel high-performance devices. C1 [Landy, Nathan I.; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Chen, Hou-Tong; O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zide, Joshua M. O.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Highstrete, Clark; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Landy, NI (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 30 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900009 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Padilla, WJ Zide, JMO Bank, SR Gossard, AC Highstrete, C Lee, M O'Hara, JF Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Chen, Hou-Tong Padilla, Willie J. Zide, Joshua M. O. Bank, Seth R. Gossard, Arthur C. Highstrete, Clark Lee, Mark O'Hara, John F. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. GP IEEE TI Active metamaterials: a novel approach to manipulate terahertz waves SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS AB Compared to the neighboring infrared and microwave regimes, the terahertz (1 THz = 10(12) Hz) regime is still in need of fundamental technological advances. This derives, in part, from a paucity of naturally occurring materials with useful electronic or photonic properties at terahertz frequencies. This results in formidable challenges in the generation, detection, and creation of devices to efficiently control and manipulate THz waves. Considering the promising potential applications of THz radiation, we need to overcome such material obstacles by actively searching for new materials, or by constructing artificial materials with a desired electromagnetic response. Metamaterials are a new type of artificial composite with electromagnetic properties that derive from their sub-wavelength structure. The potential of metamaterials for THz; applications originates from their resonant electromagnetic response, which significantly enhances their interaction with THz radiation. Thus, metamaterials offer a route towards helping to fill the so-called "THz gap". In this work we design a series of novel planar THz metamaterials. Importantly, the critical dependence of the resonant response on the supporting substrate enables the creation of active THz metamaterials. We show that the resonant. response can be efficiently controlled using optical or electrical approaches. This has resulted in the invention of efficient THz switches and modulators which will be of importance for advancing numerous real world THz applications. C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Zide, Joshua M. O.; Bank, Seth R.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Highstrete, Clark; Lee, Mark; Averitt, Richard D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Highstrete, Clark; Lee, Mark; Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 331 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900147 ER PT B AU Ogawa, I Idehara, T Saito, T Park, H Mazzucato, E AF Ogawa, I. Idehara, T. Saito, T. Park, H. Mazzucato, E. GP IEEE TI Plasma scattering measurement in NSTX tokamak using a submillimeter wave gyrotron as a radiation source SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE plasma scattering measurement; density fluctuations; submillimeter wave gyrotron; Gaussian beam AB Application of high intensity, well-collimated submillimeter probe beam is effective in improving the S/N ratio and the spatial resolution of plasma scattering measurement. High quality operation of the gyrotron and production of well-collimated Gaussian-like beam are required to improve the performance of the measurement. The high quality operation can be achieved by decreasing the fluctuations of the cathode voltage. Gyrotron output is converted into Gaussian-like beam by quasi-optical system consisting of a quasi-optical antenna and focusing mirrors. C1 [Ogawa, I.; Idehara, T.; Saito, T.] Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, Fukui, Japan. [Park, H.; Mazzucato, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ogawa, I (reprint author), Univ Fukui, Res Ctr Dev Far Infrared Reg, Fukui, Japan. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 384 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900171 ER PT B AU Arena, D Shen, Y Watanabe, T Kao, CC Murphy, JB Wang, XJ Carr, GL AF Arena, D. Shen, Y. Watanabe, T. Kao, C. -C. Murphy, J. B. Wang, X. -J. Carr, G. L. GP IEEE TI Electro-optic cross phase modulation with an accelerator source of intense coherent THz pulses SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE electrooptic modulation; linear accelerator; synchrotron radiation ID TRANSITION RADIATION; SYNCHROTRON; BUNCH; BEAM AB We have used electro-optic methods to investigate single-cycle THz pulses produced as coherent transition radiation from relativistic electron bunches. The pulses have energies up to 100 mu J such that electric fields approaching 100 MV/m should be attainable. We find that the combination of these large fields and their rapid variation (on a sub-ps time scale) results in significant time-dependent phase modulation of a laser pulse when co-propagated in a non-linear medium such as ZnTe. C1 [Arena, D.; Shen, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Kao, C. -C.; Murphy, J. B.; Wang, X. -J.; Carr, G. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 810 EP 812 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900372 ER PT B AU Wanke, MC Lee, M Grine, AD Reno, JL Siegel, PH Dengler, RJ AF Wanke, Michael C. Lee, Mark Grine, Albert D. Reno, John. L. Siegel, Peter H. Dengler, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Operation of a monolithic planar Schottky receiver using a THz quantum cascade laser SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS ID DIODE AB This paper presents heterodyne mixer measurements at 2.9 THz using quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as sources. The linewidth of the laser was explored by biasing it to run in dual mode operation and observing the linewidth of the beat note. In addition the frequency of the QCL is determined by beating it against a deuterated methanol line from a molecular gas laser. C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Lee, Mark; Grine, Albert D.; Reno, John. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Siegel, Peter H.; Dengler, Robert J.] California Inst Technol & Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mcwanke@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 835 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900383 ER PT B AU Han, ST Shapiro, MA Sirigiri, JR Tax, D Temkin, RJ Woskov, PP Rasmussen, DA AF Han, S. T. Shapiro, M. A. Sirigiri, J. R. Tax, D. Temkin, R. J. Woskov, P. P. Rasmussen, D. A. GP IEEE TI Low power testing of losses in components for the ITER ECH transmission lines SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS ID CORRUGATED WAVE-GUIDE AB The transmission lines (TLs) for ITER electron cyclotron heating require extremely low losses, since the 24 MW of power generated by the 170 GHz gyrotrons should be delivered to the plasma with an efficiency of 83% or more. We are developing cold-test techniques to precisely measure the losses in the TL components for ITER, before installation. Experimental results on the measurement of the loss in some TL systems with coherent and incoherent techniques are presented and compared. We report a preliminary measurement of loss in the prototype TL components for the ITER 170 GHz transmission line. C1 [Han, S. T.; Shapiro, M. A.; Sirigiri, J. R.; Tax, D.; Temkin, R. J.; Woskov, P. P.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, 167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Han, ST (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, 167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM saiph@mit.edu RI Sirigiri, Jagadishwar/E-6070-2011 FU US Dept. of Energy through the ITER Project Office; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work is funded by the US Dept. of Energy through the ITER Project Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We thank James P. Anderson of MIT Lincoln Lab for helpful discussions. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 915 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900420 ER PT B AU Klaassen, TO Hovenier, JN Adam, AJL Baryshev, A Gao, JR Klapwijk, TM Hu, Q Williams, BS Kumar, S Reno, JL AF Klaassen, T. O. Hovenier, J. N. Adam, A. J. L. Baryshev, A. Gao, J. R. Klapwijk, T. M. Hu, Q. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Reno, J. L. GP IEEE TI How to manipulate the frequency of a Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS AB We investigate techniques to manipulate the frequency of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers (THz QCL). Frequency tuning by changing the heatsink temperature or the QCL drive current, or by illumination of the QCL with bandgap light. Creation of frequency sidebands through amplitude modulation of the drive current or the bandgap light. We report the observation of strong difference frequency generation in a two-colour THz QCL and discuss the possibility to use this resonant non-linear effect to create (tunable) sidebands by mixing the radiation from an external (tunable) microwave source with the THz field inside the QCL cavity. C1 [Klaassen, T. O.; Hovenier, J. N.; Adam, A. J. L.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, Kavli Inst NanoSci, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.] SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, BS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM J.N.Hovenier@TNW.TUDelft.NL RI Adam, Aurele/C-6313-2012 OI Adam, Aurele/0000-0002-6727-946X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 935 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900429 ER PT B AU Yao, XC George, JS AF Yao, Xin-Cheng George, John S. GP IEEE TI Optical monitoring of stimulus evoked neural activities in isolated retina SO 2007 JOINT MEETING OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONINVASIVE FUNCTIONAL SOURCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND HEART AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL BIOMEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 6th Symposium on Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging of the Brain and Heart/International Conference on Functional Biomedical Imaging CY OCT 12-14, 2007 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE AB We recently demonstrated near infrared (NIR) light imaging of fast intrinsic optical responses (FIORs) closely correlated with electrophysiological changes in visible light activated frog retina. Using a fast CCD camera, dynamic FIORs could be routinely observed in single pass experiments with 1 mu m and 10 ms resolution. Fast NIR optical imaging sequences typically disclose maxima of FIORs at the level of 1.0% dI/I, where dI is the transient optical change and I is the baseline light intensity. Both positive and negative FIORs were observed in activated retina. Using fast (similar to ms) visible light flash stimulus, positive FIORs dominated the retina, although negative FIORs were also detected in high resolution functional images. In contrast, negative optical responses dominated the retinal area activated by a long (2 s) step of light stimulus, while positive optical responses were observed in surrounding area. For both experiments, dynamic FIORs initiated from the center of the retinal area covered by the visible light spot, and gradually spread to surrounding area. C1 [Yao, Xin-Cheng] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biomed Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Yao, Xin-Cheng; George, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yao, XC (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biomed Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM xcy@uab.edu FU UAB new faculty startup fund; US DOE FX This work was supported by the UAB new faculty startup fund, and US DOE artificial retina project. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0948-8 PY 2007 BP 28 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHJ97 UT WOS:000253680100008 ER PT B AU Jun, SC George, JS Kim, W Plis, SM Ranken, DM Schmidt, DM AF Jun, Sung C. George, John S. Kim, Woohan Plis, Sergey M. Ranken, Doug M. Schmidt, David M. GP IEEE TI Source inversion technique using Bayesian inference: Combined MEG/fMRI SO 2007 JOINT MEETING OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONINVASIVE FUNCTIONAL SOURCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND HEART AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL BIOMEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 6th Symposium on Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging of the Brain and Heart/International Conference on Functional Biomedical Imaging CY OCT 12-14, 2007 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID HUMAN BRAIN; DIPOLE ANALYSIS; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MEG; EEG AB As a way to integrate multi-modal brain imaging data in the Bayesian frame, we propose a spatiotemporal Bayesian inference multi-dipole analysis for MEG and fMRI data. We formulate a Bayesian integration of MEG and fMRI data, and its usefulness and feasibility are verified through testing simulated data. C1 [Jun, Sung C.; George, John S.; Ranken, Doug M.; Schmidt, David M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Plis, Sergey M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kim, Woohan] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Jinju 660701, South Korea. RP Jun, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jschan@lanl.gov FU NIH [2 R01 EB000310-05]; Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-5108] FX This work was supported by NIH grant 2 R01 EB000310-05 and the Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute while S.C.J. has been in the USA, and it was partially supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-5108. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0948-8 PY 2007 BP 257 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BHJ97 UT WOS:000253680100072 ER PT B AU Cortez, RA Papageorgiou, X Tanner, HG Klimenko, AV Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC AF Cortez, R. A. Papageorgiou, X. Tanner, H. G. Klimenko, A. V. Borozdin, K. N. Priedhorsky, W. C. GP IEEE TI Experimental implementation of robotic sequential nuclear search SO 2007 MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL & AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation CY JUN 27-29, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP ADVANTECH SA, Univ Texas Arlington, Automat & Robot Res Inst, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Tech Univ Crete, Univ S Florida, Univ Zagreb, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Mediterranean Control Assoc ID STRATEGIES AB In this paper we build on, and extend our previous work on automated nuclear search, by taking the principle of a bidirectional interaction between perception and the sensor management to the implementation level. In the algorithm that we implement in hardware, a model of the underlying physical process is used to guide measurement, which then closes the loop by updating the model. Realization of our "model-driven-measurement" concept leads to a working robotic prototype, capable of confirming the presence of weak radiation sources at the specified statistical confidence level, within a bounded, two-dimensional area. The contribution of this paper is in demonstrating that automated nuclear search is feasible, can be performed with commercially available robotic hardware and measuring devices, and that experimental data are consistent with existing theoretical and computational results. C1 [Cortez, R. A.; Tanner, H. G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Papageorgiou, X.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, Greece. [Klimenko, A. V.; Borozdin, K. N.; Priedhorsky, W. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Threat Reduct Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cortez, RA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [STB-UC:06-36]; DoE URPR [DE-FG52-04NA25590] FX The work of the three first authors is supported in part by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Award No. STB-UC:06-36, and in part by the DoE URPR grant DE-FG52-04NA25590. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1281-5 PY 2007 BP 1556 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Industrial SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW82 UT WOS:000257100800267 ER PT S AU Heimiller, D Haymes, S Schwartz, M Musial, W AF Heimiller, Donna Haymes, Steve Schwartz, Marc Musial, Walt GP IEEE TI Offshore wind resource potential of the United States SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Offshore wind resources have the potential to be a significant domestic energy source. Many coastal areas have large electricity demand but have limited access to high-quality, land-based wind resource. The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a baseline offshore wind resource database that incorporates physical parameters that impact development. These characteristics include wind power class, water depth (U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's [NOAA] Coastal Relief Model), distance from shore (shoreline delineation by NOAA), and administrative jurisdiction (U.S. Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service The database does not consider the impact of other factors on offshore wind resource, particularly environmental exclusions such as protected marine habitats, waterfowl breeding areas, and fisheries. The impact of these exclusions on offshore wind resource potential is explored using Geographic Information Systems techniques, which allow for spatial correlation of these locations. Future investigations of offshore wind resource exclusions may include high traffic seaways, underwater infrastructure, and other factors. C1 [Heimiller, Donna; Haymes, Steve; Schwartz, Marc; Musial, Walt] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heimiller, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 675 EP 682 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300095 ER PT S AU Jones, ME Miller, L Woodruff, DL Ewert, DW AF Jones, Mark E. Miller, Lee Woodruff, Dana L. Ewert, Daniel W. GP IEEE TI Mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation using unmanned underwater vehicles in near-shore regions SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID EELGRASS AB The use of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with sidescan sonar was investigated for determining the boundaries of nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation beds, specifically eelgrass (Zostera marina). Shifts in eelgrass bed morphology, size, and distribution are used as indicators in monitoring programs to measure the impacts of coastal development and environmental stressors on nearshore ecosystem health and to establish the efficacy of restoration programs. However, many monitoring programs necessarily extend over multiple-year time periods. Therefore, techniques that are easily reproducible, accurate, and cost-effective can demonstrate distinct advantages over some of the more traditional and labor-intensive methods, such as diver assessments and transects of shoot counts. Remote monitoring of eelgrass beds using satellite and aerial imagery has been demonstrated with moderate success, but requires groundtruthing, which can be costly and which frequently cannot delineate the deeper boundaries of eelgrass beds. One possible means for low-cost mapping is the use of AUVs equipped with acoustic imaging hardware. AUVs provide an ideal platform, because they can be deployed by small teams (two people), they are highly maneuverable, they can cover large areas over a relatively short time period (3 knot operational speed), and they are equipped with multiple oceanographic instruments for correlated data collection. This paper describes the use of sidescan-equipped AUV technology deployed over multiple time periods at the same location where imagery of eelgrass beds was obtained and analyzed for comparative purposes. C1 [Jones, Mark E.; Miller, Lee; Woodruff, Dana L.; Ewert, Daniel W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Jones, ME (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1569 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1450 EP 1456 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301027 ER PT B AU Shen, BF Li, YL Cary, J AF Shen, Baifei Li, Yuelin Cary, John GP IEEE TI Electron and ion acceleration in the bubble regime SO 2007 PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY AUG 26-31, 2007-2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA AB Electron and proton trapping and acceleration by an electron bubble in laser interaction with plasma are investigated by using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A nanowire is used to initialize the wave-breaking. Protons can be efficiently accelerated if the plasma consists mainly of heavier ions such as tritium. C1 [Shen, Baifei] Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, POB 800-211, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerator Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cary, John] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cary, John] Tech-X Crop, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Shen, BF (reprint author), Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, POB 800-211, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1173-3 PY 2007 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHW12 UT WOS:000256956600063 ER PT B AU Lee, SH Fritz, DM Sheu, YM Goldman, RS Walko, D Landhal, E Reis, DA AF Lee, S. H. Fritz, D. M. Sheu, Yu-Miin Goldman, R. S. Walko, Don Landhal, Eric Reis, D. A. GP IEEE TI Picosecond time resolved x-ray diffraction measurements of coherent phonons and carrier dynamics at a buried interface SO 2007 PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY AUG 26-31, 2007-2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS AB We present time resolved x-ray diffraction (TRXD) experiments on the transport of a coherent acoustic wave-packet and nonlinear carrier relaxation processes across the nearly ideal AlGaAs/GaAs interface. A femtosecond laser impulsively excites the underlying substrate such that the coherent acoustic phonons take the form of two counter propagating unipolar strain pulses and associated hot carrier dynamics. Picosecond TRXD is used to observe the laser-induced strain separately for the film and substrate. C1 [Lee, S. H.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. [Fritz, D. M.; Sheu, Yu-Miin; Reis, D. A.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr & Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Goldman, R. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Walko, Don; Landhal, Eric] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1173-3 PY 2007 BP 304 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHW12 UT WOS:000256956600155 ER PT B AU Linden, S Soukoulis, CM Dolling, G Decker, M Wegener, M AF Linden, S. Soukoulis, C. M. Dolling, G. Decker, M. Wegener, M. GP IEEE TI Metamaterials see the light SO 2007 PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY AUG 26-31, 2007-2008 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL AB We present some of our recent experiments and numerical calculations on photonic metamaterials. In particular, we demonstrate negative-index metamaterials, simultaneous negative phase and group velocity of light magnetization waves in negative-index metamaterials, and circular dichroism at optical frequencies. C1 [Linden, S.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Soukoulis, C. M.] Lowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dolling, G.; Decker, M.; Wegener, M.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Angew Phys & DFG CFN, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Linden, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM stefan.linden@physik.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1173-3 PY 2007 BP 363 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHW12 UT WOS:000256956600185 ER PT B AU Marnay, C AF Marnay, C. GP IEEE TI Microgrids and heterogeneous security, quality, reliability, and availability SO 2007 Power Conversion Conference - Nagoya, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Power Conversion Conference (PCC-Nagoya 2007) CY APR 02-05, 2007 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP IEEE DE cogeneration; dispersed storage and generation; power quality; power system economics AB This paper describes two stylized alternative visions in popular currency of how the power system might evolve to meet future requirements for the high quality electricity service that modern digital economies demand, a supergrids paradigm and a dispersed paradigm. Some of the economics of the dispersed vision are explored. Economic perspectives are presented on both the choice of homogeneous universal power quality upstream in the electricity supply, and also on the extremely heterogeneous requirements of end-use loads. Finally, the potential role of microgrids in delivering heterogeneous power quality is demonstrated by reference to two ongoing microgrid tests in the U.S. and Japan. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0843-6 PY 2007 BP 600 EP 605 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGT33 UT WOS:000250405500095 ER PT B AU Kroposki, B Pink, C Lynch, J John, V Daniel, SM Benedict, E Vihinen, I AF Kroposki, B. Pink, C. Lynch, J. John, V. Daniel, S. Meor Benedict, E. Vihinen, I GP IEEE TI Development of a high-speed static switch for distributed energy and microgrid applications SO 2007 POWER CONVERSION CONFERENCE - NAGOYA, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Power Conversion Conference (PCC-Nagoya 2007) CY APR 02-05, 2007 CL Nagoya, JAPAN SP IEEE DE distributed energy resources; microgrid; power electronics; reliability AB Distributed energy resources can provide power to local loads in the electric distribution system and benefits such as improved reliability. Microgrids are intentional islands formed at a facility or in an electrical distribution system that contains at least one distributed resource and associated loads. Microgrids that operate both electrical generation and loads in a coordinated manner can offer additional benefits to the customer and local utility. The loads and energy sources can be disconnected from and reconnected to the area or local utility with minimal disruption to the local loads, thereby improving reliability. This paper details the development and testing of a highspeed static switch for distributed energy and microgrid applications. C1 [Kroposki, B.; Pink, C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lynch, J.; Daniel, S. Meor; Benedict, E.; Vihinen, I] Northern Power Sys, Waitsfield, VT USA. [John, V.] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory by the Department of Energy under Midwest Research Institute [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; California Energy Commission under Technology Partnership [500- 03-011] FX This work was supported at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory by the Department of Energy under Midwest Research Institute Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 and by the California Energy Commission under Technology Partnership Agreement No. 500- 03-011. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0843-6 PY 2007 BP 1374 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGT33 UT WOS:000250405500214 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Xu, XC Sahni, S AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Xu, Xiaochun Sahni, Sartaj GP IEEE TI A computational geometry method for DTOA triangulation SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE triangulation; difference in time of arrival; computational geometry; computational complexity ID LOCATION AB We present a computational geometry method for the problem of triangulation in the plane using measurements of distance-differences. Compared to existing solutions to this well-studied problem, this method is: (a) computationally more efficient and adaptive in that its precision can be controlled as a function of the number of computational operations, making it suitable to low power devices, and (b) robust with respect to measurement and computational errors, and is not susceptible to numerical instabilities typical of existing linear algebraic or quadratic methods. This method employs a binary search on a distance-difference curve in the plane using a second distance-difference as the objective function. We establish the unimodality of the directional derivative of the objective function within each of a small number of suitably decomposed regions of the plane to support the binary search. The computational complexity of this method is O(log(2) 1/gamma), where the computed solution is guaranteed to be within a gamma-precision region centered at the actual solution. We present simulation results to compare this method with existing DTOA triangulation methods. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Xiaochun; Sahni, Sartaj] Univ Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; xxu@cise.ufl.edu; sahni@cise.ufl.edu FU SensorNet program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) through Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work is funded by the SensorNet program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) through Office of Naval Research. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 631 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200087 ER PT B AU Sundaresan, A Varshney, PK Rao, NSV AF Sundaresan, Ashok Varshney, Pramod K. Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Distributed detection of a nuclear radioactive source using fusion of correlated decisions SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID SENSOR DETECTION SYSTEMS; LOCAL DECISIONS; NETWORKS AB A distributed detection method is developed for the detection of a nuclear radioactive source using a small number of radiation counters. Local one bit decisions are made at each sensor over a period of time and a fusion center makes the global decision. A novel test for the fusion of correlated decisions is derived using the theory of copulas and optimal sensor thresholds are obtained using the Normal copula function. The performance of the derived fusion rule is compared with that of the Chair-Varshney rule. An increase in detection performance is observed. A method to estimate the correlation between the sensor observations using only the vector of sensor decisions is also proposed. C1 [Sundaresan, Ashok; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sundaresan, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM asundare@syr.edu; varshney@syr.edu; raons@ornl.gov FU UT Battelle; LLC Subcontract [4000053980]; Department of Energy Contract [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based on work supported by UT Battelle, LLC Subcontract number 4000053980, with funding originating from Department of Energy Contract Number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1320 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200180 ER PT B AU Rao, N AF Rao, Nagi GP IEEE TI Projective spaces of cyber-physical networks for identification of dispersion-diffusions SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Rao, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1848 EP 1848 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200262 ER PT B AU Few, DA Roman, CM Bruemmer, DJ Smart, WD AF Few, Douglas A. Roman, Christine M. Bruemmer, David J. Smart, William D. GP IEEE TI "What Does it Do?": HRI studies with the general public SO 2007 RO-MAN: 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ROBOT AND HUMAN INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION; URBAN SEARCH; FIELD AB This paper introduces a methodology for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) experiments that involves soliciting the general public for participation. In particular, it reviews a series of HRI usability experiments with visitors to the Saint Louis Science Center and the Museum of Idaho's annual Science and Engineering Expo between the years 2003 and 2006. During these events visitors to the museums evaluated the usability of various levels of robot autonomy, teamed with fellow humans to evaluate distributing control of an individual robot, and provided data for a comparative analysis of a variety of data representation schemes. C1 [Few, Douglas A.; Smart, William D.] Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Roman, Christine M.] Saint Louis Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bruemmer, David J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Few, DA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM dafew@cse.wustl.edu; croman@slsc.org; david.bruemmer@inl.gov; wds@cse.wustl.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1634-9 PY 2007 BP 739 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHS79 UT WOS:000255993700137 ER PT B AU Nielsen, CW Bruenuner, DJ AF Nielsen, Curtis W. Bruenuner, David J. GP IEEE TI Hiding the system from the user: Moving from complex mental models to elegant metaphors SO 2007 RO-MAN: 16TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ROBOT AND HUMAN INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB In previous work, increased complexity of robot behaviors and the accompanying interface design often led to operator confusion and/or a fight for control between the robot and operator. We believe the reason for the conflict was that the design of the interface and interactions presented too much of the underlying robot design model to the operator. Since the design model includes the implementation of sensors, behaviors, and sophisticated algorithms, the result was that the operator's cognitive efforts were focused on understanding the design of the robot system as opposed to focusing on the task at hand. This paper illustrates how this very problem emerged at the INL and how the implementation of new metaphors for interaction has allowed us to hide the design model from the user and allow the user to focus more on the task at hand. Supporting the user's focus on the task rather than on the design model allows increased use of the system and significant performance improvement in a search task with novice users. C1 [Nielsen, Curtis W.; Bruenuner, David J.] EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nielsen, CW (reprint author), EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1634-9 PY 2007 BP 751 EP 756 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHS79 UT WOS:000255993700139 ER PT S AU Clem, PG Sigman, J Nordquist, CD AF Clem, P. G. Sigman, J. Nordquist, C. D. GP IEEE TI Integrated (Ba,Sr)TiO(3) (BST) films on copper and alumina for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) applications SO 2007 SIXTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS AB For development of tunable dielectric microwave devices, the ability to integrate ferroelectric and paraelectric films with low loss dielectric substrates, such as alumina, and with high conductivity metal top and bottom electrodes and vias, such as copper, is of interest. Reducing atmosphere processing has been developed to enable tunable dielectric monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices including tunable capacitors, phase shifters, distributed transmission line true time delay (TTD) elements, and combline filters on alumina substrates. Process and integration details of tunable BST circuit fabrication with novel copper-tungsten vias and semiconducting TaN biasing electrodes are presented. C1 [Clem, P. G.; Sigman, J.; Nordquist, C. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clem, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1333-1 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.1109/ISAF.2007.4393214 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHI52 UT WOS:000253416100068 ER PT S AU Nakaki, H Ikariyama, R Kim, YK Yokoyama, S Nishida, K Gruverman, A Streiffer, S Saito, K Funakubo, H AF Nakaki, Hiroshi Ikariyama, Rikyu Kim, Yong Kwan Yokoyama, Shintaro Nishida, Ken Gruverman, Alexei Streiffer, Stephen Saito, Keisuke Funakubo, Hiroshi GP IEEE TI Structural analysis in (100)/(001)-oriented epitaxial lead titanate thick films grown by MOCVD for MEMS application SO 2007 SIXTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE AB (100)/(001)-oriented epitaxial PbTiO3 films were grown on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) Nb-SrTiO3 substrates by MOCVD. The detailed domain structure of these films was analyzed by X-ray diffraction pattern and piezoresponse force microscopy. In thick films (over 1.1 pm), much more complex domain structure has been observed compared to thin films. Domain structures of thick films consist of one kind of c-dornains (c(1)) and three kinds of a-domains (a(1), a(2) and a(3)). The tilting angles of a(2)/a(3) and a(1)/c(1) boundaries are about 3.6 degrees which corresponds to the inclination angle given by geometric calculation, 2arctan(c/a)-90 degrees, where a and c are lattice parameters of strain-free state of PbTiO3. Other domain boundaries, a(2)/c(1) and a(1)/a(3), are strained ones with rotation, and have not been observed in thinner films. It is assumed that this complex domain structure was formed through the strain relaxation of thick PbTiO3 films. C1 [Nakaki, Hiroshi; Ikariyama, Rikyu; Kim, Yong Kwan; Yokoyama, Shintaro; Nishida, Ken; Funakubo, Hiroshi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, Midori Ku, J2-43,4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Nishida, Ken] Kochi Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Photon Syst Engn, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Gruverman, Alexei] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Streiffer, Stephen] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Saito, Keisuke] Bruker AXS K K, Kanagawa ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2210022, Japan. RP Nakaki, H (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engn Mat, Midori Ku, J2-43,4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM nakaki.h.aa@m.titech.ac.jp RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014 OI Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1333-1 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 469 EP + DI 10.1109/ISAF.2007.4393301 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHI52 UT WOS:000253416100155 ER PT B AU Linebarger, JM Goldsby, ME Fellig, D Hawley, MF Moore, PC Sa, TJ AF Linebarger, John M. Goldsby, Michael E. Fellig, Daniel Hawley, Marilyn F. Moore, Patrick C. Sa, Timothy J. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Smallpox over San diego: Joint real-time federations of distributed simulations and simulation users under a common scenario SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRINCIPLES OF ADVANCED AND DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2007) CY JUN 12-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSIM, ACM SIGSIM, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB A joint project between the California and New Mexico branches of Sandia National Laboratories has demonstrated the formation of joint real-time federations of both distributed simulations and distributed simulation users under a common scenario. Two software integration frameworks were used to achieve the realtime federations. The IDSim framework, developed by Georgia Tech University and Sandia National Laboratories, was used to create the real-time federation of distributed simulations, in this case the BioDA C WMD simulation and the N-ABLE (TM) agent-based microeconomic simulation (more properly, because of the impact of hurricanes Katrina and Rita, an N-ABLE (TM) emulator). The GroupMeld (TM) multimedia synchronous collaboration ftamework, developed by Sandia, was used to create the real-time federation of simulation users and simulation analysis communities. The common scenario was the release of smallpox over San Diego, California, and the operating hypothesis was that the economy itself dampens the spread of a pathogen. In addition, a small pilot experiment using the joint federations allowed a greater range of crisis management options to be performed and evaluated than would have been possible without the use of the integration frameworks. C1 [Linebarger, John M.; Goldsby, Michael E.; Fellig, Daniel; Hawley, Marilyn F.; Moore, Patrick C.; Sa, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Linebarger, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jamlineb@sandia.gov; megold@sandia.gov; dfellig@sandia.gov; hawley@sandia.gov; pcmoore@sandia.gov; tjsa@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2898-4 PY 2007 BP 7 EP + DI 10.1109/PADS.2007.28 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGK89 UT WOS:000248079800002 ER PT B AU Nutaro, J AF Nutaro, James GP IEEE Computer Society TI A second order accurate Adams-Bashforth type discrete event integration scheme SO 21st International Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2007) CY JUN 12-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSIM, ACM SIGSIM, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID DEVS SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a second order accurate, Adams-Bashforth type, asynchronous integration scheme for numerical v solving systems of ordinary differential equations. The method has three aspects; a local integration rule with third order truncation error a third order accurate model of local influencers, and local time advance limits. The role of these elements in the scheme's operation are discussed and demonstrated. The time advance limit, which distinguishes this method from other discrete event methods for ODEs, is argued to be essential for constructing high order accuracy schemes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2898-4 PY 2007 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1109/PADS.2007.9 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGK89 UT WOS:000248079800004 ER PT B AU Donev, A AF Donev, Aleksandar GP IEEE Computer Society TI Asynchronous event-driven particle algorithms SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRINCIPLES OF ADVANCED AND DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2007) CY JUN 12-15, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc TCSIM, ACM SIGSIM, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS AB We present, in a unifying way, the main components of three asynchronous event-driven algorithms for simulating physical systems of interacting particles. The first example, hard-particle molecular dynamics (MD), is well-known. We also present a recentlly-developed diffusion kinetic Monte Carlo (DKMC) algorithm, as well as a novel event-driven algorithm for Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). Finally, we describe how to combine MD with DSMC in an event-driven framework, and discuss some promises and challenges for event-driven simulation of realistic physical systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Donev, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2898-4 PY 2007 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1109/PADS.2007.15 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGK89 UT WOS:000248079800011 ER PT B AU Sharafat, S Aoyama, A Narula, M El-Awady, J Ghoniem, N Williams, B Youchison, D AF Sharafat, Shahrarn Aoyama, Aaron Narula, Mamneet El-Awady, Jaafar Ghoniem, Nasr Williams, Brian Youchison, Dennis GP IEEE TI Development status of the helium-cooled porous tungsten heat exchanger concept SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE metal foam; porous; heat exchanger; helium-cooled PFC AB The development status of a helium cooled refractory metal heat exchanger (HX) concept using tungsten foam for enhanced heat transfer is presented. The HX design is based on azimuthal flow of helium through the foam sandwiched between two concentric tungsten tubes. This concept holds the promise for an efficient and low pressure-drop HX concept for plasma facing components, such as divertors. A prototypical flat-top HX-tube is being manufactured for testing at the high heat flux testing facility at SNL. Concept design optimization requires knowledge of the enhanced heat transfer coefficients due to the foam structure. Solid models of representative metal foams were developed for use in CFD analysis. Initial CFD results show improved heat transfer between the heated wall to the coolant. For a 1-mm thick foam with a specific density of 12% and a pore density of 65 PPI an average heat transfer coefficients of 40 000 W/m(2)-K was estimated, along with a pressure drop of similar to 60 kPa. For a 10 MW/m(2) surface heat load and an inlet helium temperature of 600 T at a pressure of 4 Wit, maximum structural temperatures were estimated to be 1060 degrees C This preliminary design has a maximum combined primary plus secondary von Mises stress of less than 600 MPa. C1 [Sharafat, Shahrarn; Aoyama, Aaron; Narula, Mamneet; El-Awady, Jaafar; Ghoniem, Nasr] Digital Mat Solut Inc, Granada Hills, CA 30350 USA. [Williams, Brian] Ultramet Inc, Pacoima, CA USA. [Youchison, Dennis] Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia, NM USA. RP Sharafat, S (reprint author), Digital Mat Solut Inc, Granada Hills, CA 30350 USA. RI El-Awady, Jaafar/A-8020-2010; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Science - Fusion Energy Sciences Program SBIR Grant with Ultramet Inc FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science - Fusion Energy Sciences Program SBIR Grant with Ultramet Inc. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900001 ER PT B AU Perlado, JM Arevalo, C Caturla, MJ Diaz, D Gamez, B Gamez, L Gonzalez, E Marian, J Martinez, E Mota, F Velarde, M Victoria, M Villar, T AF Perlado, J. M. Arevalo, C. Caturla, M. J. Diaz, D. Gamez, B. Gamez, L. Gonzalez, E. Marian, J. Martinez, E. Mota, F. Velarde, M. Victoria, M. Villar, T. GP IEEE TI Advances in materials physics for IFE at DENIM SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE activation; inertial fusion; radiation damage; tritium; multiscale modelling; dislocation ID ACTIVATION AB In this paper a review of knowledge on materials under irradiation will be presented in comparison with requirements for specific purposes in Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) reactors. The first assessment need to be flux and fluence of the irradiation particles (neutrons, gammas, charged particles or radiation) depending of present ideas on reactors concepts. From that response the activation of the materials (critical for safety and environmental considerations) will be obtained and the identification of energy spectra of secondary damage particles will be obtained and presented in this paper. The synergy with magnetic fusion research will be highlighted and the present experiments of irradiation will be analyzed in order to have a comparative idea of usefulness of such connection. In that Hue a review of state of-art of design for International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) need to be commented to know the final use for IFE purposes of such systems. The present tools of Multiscale Modeling together with ad hoc experiments and final macroscopic responses under irradiation will be presented in order to justify the confidence in their predictive capability to materials design. Dislocation Dynamics has been used to study the interaction of Stacking Fault Tetrahedra with partial dislocation successfully using Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) codes DD3D and PARADIS. A new parallel code to simulate diffusion of defects by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) has been generated that will allow to extend the process in microscopy to very large lifetimes. We have identified and characterized defects in fused silica using several methodologies and effects of H are being studied. To fully simulate the behavior of chemical forms of tritium, we have developed and applied a methodology that includes diffusion and deposition processes in the soil and vegetables, the penetration in the underground, reemission and later conversion to organic tritium. Two well-differentiated studies, deterministic and probabilistic, have been considered for some environment. The very detailed process of re-emission has shown to be very important. C1 [Perlado, J. M.; Arevalo, C.; Diaz, D.; Gamez, B.; Gamez, L.; Gonzalez, E.; Martinez, E.; Mota, F.; Velarde, M.; Victoria, M.; Villar, T.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl DENIM, ETSII, Madrid, Spain. [Caturla, M. J.] Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, Alicante, Spain. [Gamez, B.; Gamez, L.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, ETSII, Madrid, Spain. [Marian, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Perlado, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl DENIM, ETSII, Madrid, Spain. RI Mota, Fernando/H-1741-2016 OI Mota, Fernando/0000-0002-1337-2482 FU Spanish WEC through national Project [ENE2005-08266-C04-04]; Spanish WEC for support under the Ramon y Cajal program; EFDA Tasks and Association CIEMATEURATOM; VENUS REVE Project; CSN; UNESA; CIEMAT; Program of EURATOM FX This work has been partially supported by the Spanish WEC through the national Project ENE2005-08266-C04-04. M.J.Caturla thanks the Spanish WEC for support under the Ramon y Cajal program. EFDA Tasks and Association CIEMATEURATOM, and VENUS REVE Project with CSN and UNESA have also funded it in collaboration with CIEMAT. Special mention to the keep-in touch Program of EURATOM for supporting this research. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 29 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900008 ER PT B AU Tanaka, TJ Ying, A Narula, M Ulrickson, MA AF Tanaka, T. J. Ying, Alice Narula, Manmeet Ulrickson, Michael A. GP IEEE TI First wall qualification testing at SNL SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE ITEA; Tokamak; Blanket module; first wall shield AB The first wall of ITER will be a replaceable sandwich of beryllium tiles, water-cooled copper alloy, and a water-cooled stainless steel backing. The first wall will be subject to approximately 30,000 pulses of surface heating at levels of 0.2-0.5 MW/m(2) and 5-10 W/cm(3) of volumetric nuclear heating. At these low heating levels, the main failure mechanism is predicted to be fatigue, particularly at the interface between the copper alloy and beryllium tile. Six different party teams are proposing to produce the first wall for ITER. To qualify the processes and materials for producing the first wall, small mock-ups will be subject to fatigue testing at Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL) Plasma Materials Test Facility and at a European Union test facility. We propose that the failure of a joining process is determined by an increase of surface temperature over nominal temperatures for a given surface heat flux. If the joint between a Be tile and Cu alloy degrades, the path from the heated surface to the coolant in the copper alloy increases, which should result in a higher surface temperature. This paper will document the test setup and preliminary analysis of the fatigue testing and failure criteria at SNL. C1 [Tanaka, T. J.; Ulrickson, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ying, Alice; Narula, Manmeet] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Tanaka, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 66 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900016 ER PT B AU Narula, M Ying, A Hunt, R Youchison, D AF Narula, Manmeet Ying, Alice Hunt, Ryan Youchison, Dennis GP IEEE TI Thermo-fluid exploratory design analysis for ITER FW/shield module 7 SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE ITEA; first wall; shield blanket; thermo-fluid analysis AB This paper describes the thermo-fluid analysis for the preliminary designs of the first wall (FW) panel and shield block (SB) for ITER shield module 7. This effort forms a part of the conceptual design activity for US ITER components. The key approach used here is design by analysis, whereby various exploratory designs undergo rigorous thermo-fluid analysis to ascertain that the design allows for an adequate coolant distribution under the existing surface and volumetric heating environment, so that the maximum temperatures are under the design limit. The principal code being used for the thermo-fluid analysis is CF design, which is a finite element code with a direct interface to the CAD program CATIA. Several enhancements to the code allow an export of temperatures, pressures and convective heat transfer coefficients to other finite element programs for stress analysis. The temperature and flow distribution as well as the pressure drop information of near exact CATIA fabrication models has been obtained from the various analyses. The effect of special design features like radial flow drivers in the shield block coolant tubes and tee vanes in the coolant headers, in enhancing the overall cooling of the shield block is emphasized. C1 [Narula, Manmeet; Ying, Alice; Hunt, Ryan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, MAE Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Youchison, Dennis] Sandia Natl Labs, Fus Technol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Narula, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, MAE Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM manmeet@fusion.ucla.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories as part of DOE's - ITER FX This work has been performed through grants from the Sandia National Laboratories as part of DOE's funded ITER project. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900017 ER PT B AU Kotulski, JD Coats, RS Pasik, MF AF Kotulski, J. D. Coats, R. S. Pasik, M. F. GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic analysis of transient forces due to disrupted plasma currents on the ITER shield modules SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; eddy currents; electromagnetic force computation; ITER AB This paper describes the electromagnetic analysis that has been completed using the OPERA-3d product to characterize the forces on the ITER shield modules as part of the conceptual design. These forces exist due to the interaction of the eddy currents induced in the shield modules and the large magnetic fields present in the tokamak. C1 [Kotulski, J. D.; Coats, R. S.; Pasik, M. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotulski, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900018 ER PT B AU Garde, J Youchison, D Natoni, G Bullock, J Tanaka, TJ Ulrickson, MA Narula, M Ying, A Sawan, M Wilson, P AF Garde, Joe Youchison, Dennis Natoni, Greg Bullock, Jim Tanaka, T. J. Ulrickson, Michael A. Narula, Manmeet Ying, Alice Sawan, M. Wilson, P. GP IEEE TI Finite element stress analysis of ITER module 13 SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB Of the 18 module designs in ITER, the US is responsible for three. Each of these modules will be designed to meet requirements established by the ITER international organization (ITER IO). Finite element analysis (FEA) is being utilized to ensure that the module designs are in compliance with the strength requirements established by ITER IO. The strength requirements are defined in terms of maximum allowable stress and strain conditions under loading scenarios determined by ITER IO. These allowable conditions are based on material properties and the expected frequency of the specific loading condition being investigated. This paper will present the FEA approach applied to the design of Module 13. The thermally induced stress distributions caused by ITER operating conditions and internal pressure of cooling fluid will be presented. Stresses caused by electromagnetic forces on the module will also be presented if available. The stress levels under these conditions will be compared to the allowable limits defined by the ITER IO. C1 [Garde, Joe; Youchison, Dennis; Natoni, Greg; Bullock, Jim; Tanaka, T. J.; Ulrickson, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Narula, Manmeet; Ying, Alice] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sawan, M.; Wilson, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Inst Fus Technol, Madison, WI USA. RP Garde, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 78 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900019 ER PT B AU Raffray, AR Dahlgren, F Gentile, C Priniski, C Robson, AE Rose, D Sawan, ME Sethian, J Snead, L Sviatoslavsky, G Wang, XR AF Raffray, A. R. Dahlgren, F. Gentile, C. Priniski, C. Robson, A. E. Rose, D. Sawan, M. E. Sethian, J. Snead, L. Sviatoslavsky, G. Wang, X. R. GP IEEE TI Conceptual study of integrated chamber core for laser fusion with magnetic intervention SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE inertial fusion energy; magnetic intervention; chamber AB The possibility of utilizing magnetic intervention (MI) in a laser-driven inertial fusion energy (IFE) dry wall chamber is being considered to steer away the ions from the chamber wall to more readily accessible and replaceable dump regions at the equator and poles. This paper summarizes the current status of this study, describing the overall MI chamber core configuration and layout and highlighting the key design and analysis results for the different components. C1 [Raffray, A. R.; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dahlgren, F.; Gentile, C.; Priniski, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Robson, A. E.] Consultant Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rose, D.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Sviatoslavsky, G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sethian, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Snead, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOE's; HAPL program FX This work has been performed through grants from the Naval Research Laboratory as part of DOEs funded HAPL program. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900023 ER PT B AU Dodson, T Dahgren, F Zatz, I Gentile, C Priniski, C Kozub, T Gettelfinger, G Sethian, J Robson, AE AF Dodson, T. Dahgren, F. Zatz, I. Gentile, C. Priniski, C. Kozub, T. Gettelfinger, G. Sethian, J. Robson, A. E. GP IEEE TI A conceptual design for the magnets in an IFE magnetic intervention chamber SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE inertial fusion energy (IFE); magnetic intervention; cusp coil geometry; Rutherford cable; Nioblum Titanium (Nbi) superconductor AB A conceptual design for a magnetic intervention system is presented in support of a 2 GW IFE direct drive fusion power reactor. The system is designed employing a cusp field to deflect ions generated by an IFE implosion away from the first wall of the reactor core and into specifically designed ion dumps. The magnetic coil system will employ liquid helium cooled 5083 Aluminum alloy casing on a Rutherford NbTi cable. The cables are configured as four double pancakes with a 5083 Aluminum alloy case for structural support. The conceptual design and corresponding preliminary load and field calculations will be presented. C1 [Dodson, T.; Dahgren, F.; Zatz, I.; Gentile, C.; Priniski, C.; Kozub, T.; Gettelfinger, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sethian, J.; Robson, A. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Dodson, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU DOE under the HAPL Program FX Work supported by the DOE under the HAPL Program. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900028 ER PT B AU Kalish, M Chrzanowski, J Neumeyer, C Paul, B Woolley, R Jun, C AF Kalish, M. Chrzanowski, J. Neumeyer, C. Paul, B. Woolley, R. Jun, C. GP IEEE TI NSTX OH coil design improvements SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE NSTX; OH coil; solenoid isulation; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; fusion AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has been operating successfully since February of 1999. A unique element of NSTX is the center solenoid or OH Coil that from the start has been a design challenged by the low aspect ratio/geometry of the device. To achieve this low aspect ratio the OH Coil's outer diameter is constrained to a narrow profile creating the need for creative design solutions concerning cooling connections, lead orientation, and insulation schemes. The original design has succeeded overall, but NSTX run time has been lost due to coil reliability issues. It was decided in the last year that it would be prudent to fabricate a new OH Coil and have it available as an upgrade to the experiment. The experience of operating and maintaining the OH Coil has provided the basis for an improved OH Coil design. A collaboration was arranged with ASIPP in China to fabricate a spare coil for NSTX. The new OH Coil will incorporate both design improvements intended to increase reliability as well as upgrades that will provide flexibility during future operation by allowing for an expanded operational profile. This paper summarizes and reviews these design and reliability improvements. C1 [Kalish, M.; Chrzanowski, J.; Neumeyer, C.; Paul, B.; Woolley, R.; Jun, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kalish, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900029 ER PT B AU O'Dell, JS Majeski, R Timberlake, J AF O'Dell, J. S. Majeski, R. Timberlake, J. GP IEEE TI Engineered surfaces for the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX) SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE lithium; PFC; porous molybdenum; LTX AB Reactor studies have identified liquid lithium walls as a promising solution to magnetic fusion energy (MFE) first wall problems. The difficulty of translating thick (0.1-1mm) liquid metals into a full-wall solution has led to the pursuit of the "thin-film" approach (100-10,000nm) for near-term applications such as the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX). However, thin lithium films can become saturated with hydrogen and form LiH, which is not attractive as a plasma facing component. A "thick" lithium film approach would enable hundreds of discharges without the formation of LiH. During this investigation, an engineered surface comprised of a porous refractory metal in which lithium is embedded is being developed to enable the evaluation of a thick lithium film approach for plasma facing components (PFCs). Innovative vacuum plasma spray forming techniques are being used to produce the porous refractory metal surface. Initial resistive heating tests have demonstrated the excellent wetting characteristics of the plasma spray formed porous deposits with liquid lithium. This paper will discuss the development of the engineered surfaces including resistive heating experiments of the porous surfaces with liquid lithium and the status of the effort to coat the full size LTX shell. C1 [O'Dell, J. S.] Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. [Majeski, R.; Timberlake, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP O'Dell, JS (reprint author), Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. FU US DOE SBIR [DE-FG02-04ER84045] FX Sponsoring Agency: US DOE SBIR; Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER84045 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900030 ER PT B AU McDonald, JM Lutz, TJ Ulrickson, MA Tanaka, TJ Youchison, DL Nygren, RE AF McDonald, J. M. Lutz, T. J. Ulrickson, M. A. Tanaka, T. J. Youchison, D. L. Nygren, R. E. GP IEEE TI Phase lag infra-red thermal examination (PLITE) SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; first wall; high heat flux ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; OUTBOARD PUMP LIMITER; QUALITY; FUSION AB The International organization of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) specifies a requirement of 3 mm in diameter for the largest permissible flaw in the joint of the beryllium (Be) armor tiles and the underlying heat sink made of a copper-chrome-zirconium (CuCrZr) alloy for the first wall (FW). We investigated the sensitivity of a new non-destructive process of detecting these flaws using a method in which we mapped the phase tag of the temperatures on the surface of a sample during thermal cycling with a sinusoidally varying water temperature. A method with hot-cold water test that we had pioneered during the 1990's for the development of a water-cooled mid-plane modular limiter for Tore Supra bad worked well with the high conductivity armor made or pyrolytic graphite brazed to copper tubes. The paper describes the experimental system. test samples and some experimental results. C1 [McDonald, J. M.; Lutz, T. J.; Ulrickson, M. A.; Tanaka, T. J.; Youchison, D. L.; Nygren, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDonald, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900032 ER PT B AU Mau, TK Kaiser, TB Lyon, JF Maingi, R Raffray, AR Wang, X Ku, LP Zarnstorffd, M AF Mau, T. K. Kaiser, T. B. Lyon, J. F. Maingi, R. Raffray, A. R. Wang, X. Ku, L. P. Zarnstorffd, M. GP IEEE TI Divertor heat loads from thermal and alpha particles in a compact stellarator reactor SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE stellarator; reactor; divertor; heat load; alpha particles AB Divertor heat load distributions due to thermal and alpha particles have been assessed in an NCSX-based compact stellarator reactor. A divertor plate system is envisaged, with 4 plates per field period and covering 7% of the plasma surface area. The field-fine tracing technique is employed; for thermal flux, the conventional approach is used, while for alphas, their characteristic exit pattern from the plasma and subsequent gyro-orbits are approximated. For the ARIES-CS reference design point (R=7.75 m, A=4.5, B=5.7 T, beta=6.4% and P-net=1000 MW), combined peak heat loads in the 5-18 MW/m(2) range on the plates have been obtained, assuming a 75% radiation fraction both in the core and at the edge, and a 5% alpha loss fraction. The alpha heat flux could be a dominant determining factor. Further optimization study is warranted to lower all peak heat loads to satisfy the accepted limit of <= 10 MW/m(2). C1 [Mau, T. K.; Raffray, A. R.; Wang, X.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kaiser, T. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Lyon, J. F.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ku, L. P.; Zarnstorffd, M.] Princeton Plasma Phy Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Mau, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER54757] FX This work is supported by US Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-04ER54757. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 135 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900033 ER PT B AU Feder, R Youssef, DM Davis, I Failla, G Wareing, T AF Feder, Russell Youssef, Dr. Mahmoud Davis, Ian Failla, Greg Wareing, Todd GP IEEE TI ITER neutronics analysis for the design of diagnostics and port plugs using ATTILA discrete ordinates software SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB A collaboration is underway between Princeton Plasma Physics Lab and UCLA to develop skill in the use of A TTILA, to benchmark A TTILA against MCNP and to develop Solid Works CAD models for neutronics analysis of the diagnostic ports. MCAT along with the cross section library FENDL 2.1 is the accepted standard tool for neutronics analysis of ITER against which results from ATTILA are being compared The MCNP community has established a set of benchmark results for a standardized 40 degree CAD model of ITER. These benchmark results create a framework for the acceptance of new applications like ATTILA by the ITER central neutronics, quality assurance and nuclear safety groups. Analysis of the benchmark model with ATTILA also leads to the selling of discrete ordinates solution parameters and model mesh refinement that will help to accelerate the analysis of future diagnostic port design iterations. Flux and heating results in the Divertor, Blanket Shield Modules and Equatorial Port Shielding from the ATTILA benchmarking show good correlation with MCNP results. TF heating results were in error by up to 50% due to poor mesh refinement and boundary condition issues in that area. Detailed models of the Upper and Equatorial ports, port plugs and diagnostics are under development. The detailed port study models will be 40 degree ITER models to preserve the shape of the neutron source loading. These models will include the inner and outer vacuum vessel, inner-wall shielding, blanket shield modules, divertor and cryostat. Models of the OH, IF and PF coils will not be included to save on element count. C1 [Feder, Russell] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Youssef, Dr. Mahmoud] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Davis, Ian; Failla, Greg; Wareing, Todd] Transpire Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Feder, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76- CHO-3073] FX This work would not have been possible without the efforts of the PPPL UNIX support group, the U.S. neutronics community at the University of Wisconsin, UCLA and the ATTILA team at Transpire, Inc. This project is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76- CHO-3073 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900034 ER PT B AU Dudek, L Chrzanowski, J Viola, A Heitzenroeder, P Meighan, T Raftopoulos, S AF Dudek, L. Chrzanowski, J. Viola, A. Heitzenroeder, P. Meighan, T. Raftopoulos, S. GP IEEE TI NCSX component fabrication challenges SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE NCSX; fabrication; coils; chill plates AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The stellarator core is designed to produce a compact 3-D plasma that combines stellarator and tokamak physics advantages. The complex geometry and tight fabrication tolerances of NCSX create some unique engineering and assembly challenges. This paper will describe a few of the challenges of the machine's Modular Coils and vacuum vessel field period assembly and how they are being solved. Coil assembly began in November 2005 and to date 3 Modular Coils have been completed. One vacuum vessel 120 degrees section has been delivered and field period assembly work began in May 2006. Machine sector sub-assembly, machine assembly, and testing will follow, leading to First Plasma in 2011. C1 [Dudek, L.; Chrzanowski, J.; Viola, A.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Meighan, T.; Raftopoulos, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dudek, L (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900042 ER PT B AU Raftopoulos, S Brooks, A Brown, T Duco, M Ellis, R Stratton, B AF Raftopoulos, S. Brooks, A. Brown, T. Duco, M. Ellis, R. Stratton, B. GP IEEE TI Metrology for the NCSX project SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB The National Compact Stellerator Experiment (NCSX) is being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The complex geometry and tight fabrication tolerances of the NCSX's non-planar coils and vacuum vessel necessitate the use of computerized, CAD-based metrology systems capable of very accurate and reasonably quick measurements. To date, multi-link, portable coordinate measuring machines (pCMM) are used in the fabrication of the non-planar coils. Characterization of the CNC machined coil winding form and subsequent positioning of the conductor centroid (to within +/- 0.5mm) are accomplished via multiple sets of detailed measurements. A Laser Tracker is used for all phases of work on the Vacuum Vessel including positioning magnetic diagnostics and vessel ports prior to welding. Future tasks requiring metrology include positioning of the magnet systems and assembly of the three vacuum vessel sub-assemblies onto the final machine configuration. This paper describes the hardware and software used for metrology, as well as the methodology for achieving the required dimensional control and will present an overview of the measurement results to date. C1 [Raftopoulos, S.; Brooks, A.; Brown, T.; Duco, M.; Ellis, R.; Stratton, B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raftopoulos, S (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS-40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900043 ER PT B AU Combs, SK R-Baylor, L Foust, CR McGill, JM Caughman, JBO Fehling, DT Hansink, MJ Jernigan, TC Rasmussen, DA AF Combs, S. K. R-Baylor, L. Foust, C. R. McGill, J. M. Caughman, J. B. O. Fehling, D. T. Hansink, M. J. Jernigan, T. C. Rasmussen, D. A. GP IEEE TI Pellet dropper device for ELM control on DIII-D SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE ELM control; pellet injection; plasma; tokamak ID HIGH-FIELD-SIDE; INJECTION TECHNOLOGY; ASDEX UPGRADE AB On several experimental tokamaks, pellet injection has been found to trigger edge localized modes (ELMs) in H-mode plasmas. This can provide a technique for ELM amelioration by reducing the ELM size with small high-frequency pellets. The key for success appears to be small pellets that penetrate just beyond the separatix, enough to trigger an ELM, but not enough to strongly fuel the plasma. To provide a source of small pellets, a pellet dropper device has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and installed on the DIII-D tokamak. The pellet dropper consists of a batch extruder with an exit nozzle to provide a filament of solid deuterium (nominal 1-mm diameter), from which pellets are punched/dropped at rates of up to approximate to 50 Hz and at speeds of <10 m/s. The pellets are propelled directly downward and through a vertical injection port on DIII-D. In this paper, the design and the initial test results are presented, and the installation on DIII-D is described. C1 [Combs, S. K.; R-Baylor, L.; Foust, C. R.; McGill, J. M.; Caughman, J. B. O.; Fehling, D. T.; Jernigan, T. C.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hansink, M. J.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S; [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 179 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900044 ER PT B AU Soukhanovskii, VA Bell, MG Blanchard, WR Dong, JK Gernhardt, RC Kaita, R Kugel, HW Provost, TJ Roquemore, AL Sichta, P AF Soukhanovskii, V. A. Bell, M. G. Blanchard, W. R. Dong, J. K. Gernhardt, R. C. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. Provost, T. J. Roquemore, A. L. Sichta, P. GP IEEE TI High pressure supersonic gas jet fueling on NSTX SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS ID PENETRATION; TOKAMAK AB A supersonic gas injector (SGI) has been developed for fueling and diagnostic applications on NSTX. The SGI is comprised of a small de Laval converging-diverging graphite nozzle, a commercial piezoelectric gas valve, and a diagnostic package, all mounted on a movable probe at a low field side midplane port location. The nozzle operated in a pulsed regime at room temperature, reservoir deuterium pressure up to 2500 Torr (50 PSIA), flow rate up to 65 Torr I/s (4.55e2l particles/s), and a measured Mach number of about 4. In initial experiments the SGI was used for fueling of ohmic and 2 - 6 MW NBI-heated L- and H-mode plasmas. Reliable H-mode access was obtained with SGI fueling, with a fueling efficiency in the range 0.1 0.3. Good progress was also made toward a controlled density SGI-fueled H-mode plasma scenario with the flow rate of the uncontrolled high field side (HFS) gas injector reduced by up to 20. These experiments motivated a number of SGI upgrades: 1) the maximum plenum pressure has been increased to 5000 Torr (100 PSIA), 2) the plenum pressure volume has been doubled, 3) the gas delivery system has been changed to allow for injection of various gases, 4) a multi-pulse capability has been implemented. As a result of the upgrades, the maximum flow rate increased to about 130 Torr I/s. Laboratory gas jet characterization tests indicated a Mach number of about 4 with H-2 and D-2, and 4-6 with He and N-2. Plasma experiments demonstrated the high-pressure gas jet fueling compatibility with H-mode plasmas, high fueling efficiency (0.1 - 0.3), and high SOL penetration. C1 [Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bell, M. G.; Blanchard, W. R.; Dong, J. K.; Gernhardt, R. C.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H. W.; Provost, T. J.; Roquemore, A. L.; Sichta, P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. DoE [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work is supported by U.S. DoE under Contracts No. W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC02-76CH03073 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 183 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900045 ER PT B AU Kugel, HW Maingi, R Bell, M Blanchard, W Gates, D Gernhardt, R AF Kugel, H. W. Maingi, R. Bell, M. Blanchard, W. Gates, D. Gernhardt, R. GP IEEE TI Design and performance of NSTX movable GDC probe SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; wall conditioning; impurity control; glow discharge cleaning; tokamaks AB The NSTX GDC system has been improved by replacing one of the two fixed anodes with a Movable GDC Probe (MGP) anode that can be inserted 1.2 m to about midway between the inner and outer vessel walls. The purpose was to provide more spatially uniform HeGDC for improving discharge stability and reliability. The MGP has been used reliably between every discharge during the last two NSTX experimental campaigns. It has also been used to apply HeGDC assisted boronization, and more recently, HeGDC assisted lithiumization. The MGP has contributed to improved NSTX performance during long pulse and H-mode discharges, and enabled a faster discharge repetition rate. C1 [Kugel, H. W.; Bell, M.; Blanchard, W.; Gates, D.; Gernhardt, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge 37381, TN USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov FU USDOE [DE-AC02-76-CHO3073] FX We acknowledge the technical contributions of R. Delaney, S. Gifford, J. Desandro, J. Kukon, S. Jurczynski, S. Vinson, and J. Winston. Work Supported by USDOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CHO3073 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 195 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900048 ER PT B AU Naton, GO Youchison, DL Ltitickson, MA Sawan, ME AF Naton, G. O. Youchison, D. L. Ltitickson, M. A. Sawan, M. E. GP IEEE TI Flow optimization studies for the ITER shield modules SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB A 3-d, 4-channel prototypical model representing a subset of an ITER neutron shield module was analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. We used this model to optimize the radial gaps in the coaxial flow drivers along with the depth of the radial holes or channels in the stainless steel modules. In addition to redirecting the flow first to the back of the module and then to the front, the flow drivers increase the pressure drop in the radial tubes to allow for more uniform flow distribution from the back-drilled manifolds. They also increase the fluid velocity near the wall for improved heat transfer. We sized the flow drivers to allow for 2, 3 and 4-millimeter (mm) gaps along the annuli. The depths of the radial channels below the manifold were 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm for each of the 2, 3, and 4 mm radial gaps. The objective of the study was to ascertain if a fixed 90-mm length on the bottom flow driver could be utilized for radial channels of varying depth below the back-drilled manifold and still provide adequate cooling for the neutron thermal load. Our group also performed an optimization of the gap around the tee-vane in the shield module front header. Tee-vane gaps of 1, 2 and 3 mm were studied to assess the flow bypass and wall velocities at the end of the model. In this article, we present the results of a full matrix of flow simulations using the CFdesign CFD package. The study indicates that a 90-mm-long flow driver with a 4-mm radial gap can keep the steel around the radial tubes sufficiently cool up to 30 mm beneath the back-drilled manifold. We also discovered that flow bypass through the end gap on the tee-vane is relatively small and has little effect on cooling of the front cover plate for gap sizes as large as 3 mm. C1 [Naton, G. O.; Youchison, D. L.; Ltitickson, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sawan, M. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Naton, GO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 206 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900051 ER PT B AU Brunkhorst, C Berlinger, B Ferraro, N Cohen, SA AF Brunkhorst, C. Berlinger, B. Ferraro, N. Cohen, S. A. GP IEEE TI The princeton FRC rotating-magnetic-field-experhnent RF system SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS ID REVERSED CONFIGURATION AB The Princeton FRC (PFRC) is a compact device that utilizes odd-parity[1] radio-frequency rotating magnetic fields (RMFo) to heat electrons[2] and drive azimuthal current in a cylindrical plasma column. A serendipitous discovery is that the RF system serves as a useful diagnostic tool, providing data on RF-field penetration into the plasma.[3] Efficient use of R-F power is required to accommodate the small size of the device and for its development into a practical fusion reactor. The RF system is described along with its evolution and lessons learned. C1 [Brunkhorst, C.; Berlinger, B.; Ferraro, N.; Cohen, S. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Brunkhorst, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900053 ER PT B AU Greenough, N Fredd, E Hosea, J Pinsker, R Baity, FW Barber, G Horton, A AF Greenough, Nevell Fredd, Ehner Hosea, Joel Pinsker, Robert Baity, F. Wallace Barber, Glenn Horton, Anthony GP IEEE TI Upgrading the general atomics radio-frequency sources for higher power SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE radio-frequency power amplifier; megawatt amplifier; vacuum-tubepower amplifier; high-voltage FET AB Several years ago the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and General Atomics (G.A.) formed a collaboration to return the three G.A. radio-frequency (RF) sources to service, and to upgrade the two higher frequency range RF sources to have larger 2.5 megawatt power tubes for greater output power. To date, the 60 Mhz source is routinely operated into G.A.'s Doublet M D (DHED) experiment at a power level up to 1 MW. The power tube upgrade for one of the higher frequency sources has been completed and has been tested to 1.4MW into a test load and 750kW into plasmas. Preparations for the tube upgrade for the other higher frequency source is now underway. C1 [Greenough, Nevell; Fredd, Ehner; Hosea, Joel] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Pinsker, Robert] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Baity, F. Wallace; Barber, Glenn; Horton, Anthony] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Greenough, N (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX Work supported by U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 218 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900054 ER PT B AU Frattolillo, A Nfigliori, S Bombarda, F Cornbs, SK Baylor, LR Foust, CR Roveta, G AF Frattolillo, A. Nfigliori, S. Bombarda, F. Cornbs, S. K. Baylor, L. R. Foust, C. R. Roveta, G. GP IEEE TI The compact, four barrel high speed pellet injector for the ignitor experiment SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; Ignitor; high-speed pellet injector; deuterium ID HYDROGEN PELLET AB Ignitor is a compact, high field tokamak (R-0 = 1.32 m, B-T = 13 T) designed to attain ignition in high density, relatively low temperature plasmas (n(e0) congruent to n(i0) congruent to 10(21) m(-3), T-e0 congruent to T-i0 congruent to 11keV), by ohmic heating (or with small amounts of additional ICRF heating). Tailoring of the density profile peaking during the initial plasma current rise is important to optimize ohmic and fusion heating rates. Therefore, a pellet injector has always been included in the Ignitor design. Simulations performed with the NGS ablation model, for the reference ignition plasma parameters in Ignitor, indicate that deuterium pellet of a few mm sizes (<= 4 mm) injected at 3-4 Km/s from the low field side should achieve sufficient penetration, particularly during the current ramp up. A four barrel, two-stage pneumatic injector for the Ignitor experiment has been built in collaboration between ENEA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, featuring two innovative concepts: (i) the proper shaping of the propellant pressure pulse to improve pellet acceleration, and (ii) the use of fast closing (similar to 10 ms) valves to drastically reduce the expansion volumes of the propellant-gas removal system. The ENEA subsystem, including four independent two-stage guns and pulse-shaping valves, the gas removal system, and the associated controls and diagnostics, has been extensively tested at CRIOTEC. The ORNL sub-system consists of the cryostat and pellet diagnostics, with related control and data acquisition system. Initial testing with D-2 pellets at speeds of similar to 1 km/s, using ORNL single-stage propellant valves, are scheduled to be completed by June 2007. The ENEA two-stage drivers will then replace the ORNL propellant valves, and integrated testing at high speeds (> 3 km/s) will be finally carried out. The NGS model was also used to assess the maximum ablation depth of D-2 pellets, of the sizes and speeds produced by the Ignitor Pellet Injector, inside JET plasmas. A similar analysis is now extended to the Large Helical Device (LHD), which has recently obtained high density plasma discharges (up to 5x10(20) m(-3)). Deep pellet penetrations can be achieved over a wide range of plasma parameters in I, even at its highest temperature, thanks to the high speed of the IPI pellets. C1 [Frattolillo, A.; Bombarda, F.] ENEA, Ctr Ric Frascati, Rome, Italy. [Nfigliori, S.] ENEA, I-0016 Rome, Italy. [Bombarda, F.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cornbs, S. K.; Baylor, L. R.; Foust, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Roveta, G.] CRIOTEC IMPIANTI, Chivasso, Italy. RP Frattolillo, A (reprint author), ENEA, Ctr Ric Frascati, Rome, Italy. FU ENEA of Italy; US DOE FX Work supported in part by ENEA of Italy and by the US DOE. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 230 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900057 ER PT B AU Gentile, CA Langish, SW Kozub, T Priniski, C Dodson, T Gettelfinger, G Paul, B Ciebiera, L Wenner, J Nobile, A Sessions, K Sethian, J Robson, AE AF Gentile, C. A. Langish, S. W. Kozub, T. Priniski, C. Dodson, T. Gettelfinger, G. Paul, B. Ciebiera, L. Wenner, J. Nobile, A. Sessions, K. Sethian, J. Robson, A. E. GP IEEE TI Conceptual design of a plasma exhaust and fuel recovery system for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power reactor SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB A conceptual design has been developed for the recovery of un-expended fuel, ash, and associated post-detonation products from a similar to 2 GW IFE power reactor. The conceptual design incorporates systems for the safe, efficient collection, processing, and purification of IFE plasma exhaust fuel components. The system has been designed and sized such that tritium bred within blankets can also be collected, processed, and introduced into the fuel cycle. The system is nominally sized to process similar to 2 kg of tritium per day and is designed to link directly to the target chamber mechanical pumping system. The plasma exhaust can be directly processed from the exhaust of the vacuum pumping system or can be processed in batch mode from buffer vessels in the Receiving and Analysis System (RAS). Systems for the accurate measurement of material in-process (MIEP) have been included. Design emphasis is on safety, reliability, redundancy, and efficiency in order to maximize availability. The primary goal of the fuel recovery system (FRS) design is to economically recycle components of IFE fuel back to the target manufacturers in a fashion by which fuel components are rapidly made available for re-use thus lowering the total active inventory. The FRS design is presented as a facility sub-system in the context of supporting the safe and efficient operation of the IFE target chamber. C1 [Gentile, C. A.; Langish, S. W.; Kozub, T.; Priniski, C.; Dodson, T.; Gettelfinger, G.; Paul, B.; Ciebiera, L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Wenner, J.; Nobile, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sessions, K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Sethian, J.; Robson, A. E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU HAPL program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the various inputs that were received from members of the HAPL community during the development of the conceptual design of the IFE fuel recovery system. Funding for this work was provided by the HAPL program. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 234 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900058 ER PT B AU Chrzanowski, JH Meighan, T Raftopoulos, S Fogarty, PJ Heitzenroeder, PJ Nelson, B Williamson, D AF Chrzanowski, J. H. Meighan, T. Raftopoulos, S. Fogarty, P. J. Heitzenroeder, P. J. Nelson, B. Williamson, D. GP IEEE TI NCSX modular coil fabrication SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB The modular coils for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) presented a number of significant engineering and manufacturing challenges due to their complex shapes, requirements for high dimensional accuracy and the high current density required in the modular coils due to space constraints. Some of these challenges included developing techniques to manufacture highly shaped coils which utilize copper rope conductor, dimensional control, and Vacuum Pressure Impregnation [VPI] operations. Production style manufacturing operations were introduced in order to maintain schedule and contain costs. This paper will discuss those challenges and manufacturing steps that were taken to successfully manufacture the Modular Coils. A general description of the tooling and equipment necessary to manufacture the modular coils will also be presented. C1 [Chrzanowski, J. H.; Meighan, T.; Raftopoulos, S.; Heitzenroeder, P. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fogarty, P. J.; Nelson, B.; Williamson, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chrzanowski, JH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 258 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900064 ER PT B AU Neumeyer, C Gentile, C Ramakrishnan, S Stevenson, T Woolley, R Zatz, I AF Neumeyer, C. Gentile, C. Ramakrishnan, S. Stevenson, T. Woolley, R. Zatz, I. GP IEEE TI Engineering assessment of a National High-power advanced Torus Experiment (NHTX) SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE fusion; high heat flux; plasma boundary AB A major challenge facing fusion development is the high heat flux power handling of plasma exhaust, for which a defining parameter is P/R, the ratio of exhaust power P to the radius R at which the divertor is located. Preliminary studies indicate that a compact, cost effective device can be constructed at PPPL exploiting existing infrastructure which could operate at P/R similar to 50, well in excess of levels available elsewhere and including future ITER operations. The mission for a National High-power advanced Torus Experiment (NHTX) would be to study the integration of a high P/R plasma-boundary interface with high-confinement, high-beta, non-inductive plasma operation. C1 [Neumeyer, C.; Gentile, C.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Stevenson, T.; Woolley, R.; Zatz, I.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Neumeyer, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 262 EP 265 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900065 ER PT B AU Terry, DR Burke, W Kanojia, A MacGibbon, P Johnson, D Parker, RR Vieira, RF Wallace, G Beck, W Koert, P Irby, J Wilson, JR Greenough, N Gwinn, D AF Terry, D. R. Burke, W. Kanojia, A. MacGibbon, P. Johnson, D. Parker, R. R. Vieira, R. F. Wallace, G. Beck, W. Koert, P. Irby, J. Wilson, J. R. Greenough, N. Gwinn, D. GP IEEE TI Lower Hybrid Current Drive on Alcator C-Mod: System design, implementation, protection, calibration and performance SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE lower hybrid current drive AB A 4.6 GHz 3 MW Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system has been designed and implemented on Alcator C-Mod. This RF system will allow C-Mod to access advanced tokamak regimes: high confinement, high beta(n), and high bootstrap fraction and extend them to quasi-steady-state conditions. The LHCD system includes twelve 250 kW klystrons. Power from each klystron is split eight ways using a complex system of waveguides to drive a 96-window coupler array. The amplitude and relative phasing of each klystron is controlled by a computer-based system using I-Q vector modulators and is monitored by IQ detectors to control the nil spectrum applied to the plasma. Calibration is accomplished using a network analyzer in conjunction with software programs to generate two-dimensional lookup tables that allow compensation for system non-linearities. Forward and reflected powers are monitored to protect the klystrons, waveguides and coupler array from arcing. During the 2006 experimental campaign, nearly 1 MA of current was driven into Alcator C-Mod plasma using 800 kW of coupled RF power. C1 [Terry, D. R.; Burke, W.; Kanojia, A.; MacGibbon, P.; Johnson, D.; Parker, R. R.; Vieira, R. F.; Wallace, G.; Beck, W.; Koert, P.; Irby, J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wilson, J. R.; Greenough, N.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Gwinn, D.] Bagley Associates, Lowell, MA USA. RP Terry, DR (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-99ER54512] FX Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Grant No. DE-FC02-99ER54512. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 286 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900071 ER PT B AU Kung, CC D'Amico, G Kramer, GJ Fredd, E Brunkhorst, C Scott, S Hosea, J AF Kung, C. C. D'Amico, G. Kramer, G. J. Fredd, E. Brunkhorst, C. Scott, S. Hosea, J. GP IEEE TI Grounding, DC supplies, and controlling signal issues for a tunable reflectometry system SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS ID FUSION PLASMAS AB Reflectometry, which uses the microwave radar technique to probe the magnetically confined fusion plasmas, is a very powerful tool to observe the density fluctuations in the fusion plasmas. Typically, two or more microwave beams of different frequencies are used for this purpose. If the intention is to study the plasma density correlations in real time, a tunable microwave source of finite bandwidth with real time control system will be desired. Because the tunable microwave source assembly and other sources as well as amplifiers in the system usually require multiple dc voltage supplies, different grounding schemes and filtering to break the ground loops have to be implemented in order to guarantee the system performance. In this paper, these grounding problems and the system performance impacts will be discussed while designing a new reflectometer with a tunable YIG oscillator for the Alcator C-Mod experiments. C1 [Kung, C. C.; D'Amico, G.; Kramer, G. J.; Fredd, E.; Brunkhorst, C.; Scott, S.; Hosea, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kung, CC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 331 EP 334 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900082 ER PT B AU Labik, G Brown, T Johnson, D Pomphrey, N Stratton, B Viola, M Zamstorff, M Duco, M Edwards, J Cole, M Lazarus, E AF Labik, George Brown, Tom Johnson, Dave Pomphrey, Neil Stratton, Brentley Viola, Michael Zamstorff, Michael Duco, Mike Edwards, John Cole, Mike Lazarus, Ed GP IEEE TI National compact stellarator experiment vacuum vessel external flux loops design and installation SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words) AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) will have an extensive set of external magnetic diagnostics. These include flux loops on the exterior surface of the vacuum vessel. Data from these sensors will be integrated with other magnetic sensors and used for plasma control and to constrain magnetic equilibrium reconstructions. NCSX is currently under construction at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The ex-vessel flux loops must be installed during machine construction since they will ultimately be trapped in the space between the vacuum vessel and the modular coil support shell. Detailed designs have been completed, locator templates have been fabricated and approximately one third of the 225 total loops have been installed as of mid February 2007. Modeling was performed by PPPL to determine the optimum size, placement and number of turns. Engineering of the flux loops was challenging as they must be accurately positioned, optimized geometry maintained and they must be robust and reliable in a bake and cryogenic environment for the lifetime of NCSX. Designs for the ex-vessel flux loops that meet these requirements are presented. C1 [Labik, George; Brown, Tom; Johnson, Dave; Pomphrey, Neil; Stratton, Brentley; Viola, Michael; Zamstorff, Michael; Duco, Mike; Edwards, John; Cole, Mike] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cole, Mike] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Labik, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU US DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The work and this paper supported by US DOE contracts DE-AC02-76CH03073 AND DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 335 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900083 ER PT B AU Taussig, DA Watkins, JG Boivin, RL AF Taussig, D. A. Watkins, J. G. Boivin, R. L. GP IEEE TI Improved langmuir probe array for DIII-D SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE DIII-D; Langmuirprobe array; divertor; tokamak ID D DIVERTOR AB Langmuir probes are commonly used plasma diagnostics measuring localized floating potential, electron temperature, particle flux, and electron density. A major upgrade of DIII-D's lower divertor required an improved design of Langmuir probe arrays to accommodate the higher heat fluxes incident on the new divertor plasma facing components. It was also advantageous to decrease the linear spacing between electrodes and to improve the ease of maintenance. The new electrode design distributes the heat flux almost uniformly over its surface because of the fixed angle roof-top shape. The advanced design features 16x increased thermal mass half the peak heat flux. Thermal coupling of the probe to the surrounding tile was greatly enhanced by increasing the thermal contact area. A novel probe mounting system has the entire probe array supported in a single tray. After an annual operational period, the probes yielded reliable data and showed little or no erosion. C1 [Taussig, D. A.; Boivin, R. L.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. [Watkins, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Taussig, DA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors would like to acknowledge our appreciation of C.J. Murphy and P.M. Anderson of General Atomics for their supporting design and thermal modeling of the tiles. We also thank C. Kunz of Sandia National Laboratories for his assistance in assembly and installation. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 342 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900085 ER PT B AU Sichta, P Lawson, J Mastrovito, D Roney, P Tindall, K AF Sichta, P. Lawson, J. Mastrovito, D. Roney, P. Tindall, K. GP IEEE TI Preliminary design of NCSX central computing and control SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE control systems; data acquisition; timing ID MDSPLUS AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is the centerpiece of the U.S. effort to develop the physics understanding of the compact stellarator and evaluate its potential for future fusion energy systems. A core component of the NCSX project is Central Computing and Control, which is comprised of seven elements: 1) Networking and Fiber Optic Infrastructure, 2) Central Instrumentation and Controls, 3) Diagnostic Data Acquisition and Facility Computing, 4) Facility Timing and Synchronization, 5) Realtime Plasma and Power Supply Control, 6) Central Safety and Interlock System, and 7) Control Room Facility. NCSX Central Computing will build upon the success of the central computing model of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Like NSTX, a key design principle for the NCSX computing system is to use commodity computing hardware, and open-source and collaborative software wherever practical. Three major software codes of this type will be used: EPICS, MDSplus, and the integrated plasma control software from General Atomics. This paper will present an overview of the primary elements of the Central Computing and Controls, illustrate the use of open-source and collaborative software, and describe the new technologies that will advance the computing and control capabilities for NCSX. C1 [Sichta, P.; Lawson, J.; Mastrovito, D.; Roney, P.; Tindall, K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sichta, P (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 350 EP 353 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900087 ER PT B AU Roquemore, AL Maingi, R Lasnier, CJ Nishino, N Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Nagy, A AF Roquemore, A. L. Maingi, R. Lasnier, C. J. Nishino, N. Evans, T. E. Fenstermacher, M. E. Nagy, A. GP IEEE TI A fast visible camera divertor-imaging diagnostic on DIII-D SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS DE fast camera; ELMs; DIII-D ID NSTX AB In recent campaigns, the Photron Ultima SE fast framing camera has proven to be a powerful diagnostic when applied to imaging divertor phenomena on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Active areas of NSTX divertor research addressed with the fast camera include identification of types of EDGE Localized Modes (ELMs)[1], dust migration, impurity behavior and a number of phenomena related to turbulence. To compare such edge and divertor phenomena in low and high aspect ratio plasmas, a multi-institutional collaboration was developed for fast visible imaging on NSTX and DIII-D. More specifically, the collaboration was proposed to compare the NSTX small type V ELM regime[2] and the residual ELMs observed during Type I ELM suppression with external magnetic perturbations on DIII-D[3]. As part of the collaboration effort, the Photron camera was installed recently on DIII-D with a tangential view similar to the view implemented on NSTX, enabling a direct comparison between the two machines. The rapid implementation was facilitated by utilization of the existing optics that coupled the visible spectral output from the divertor vacuum ultraviolet UVTV system, which has a view similar to the view developed for the divertor tangential TV camera[4]. A remote controlled filter wheel was implemented, as was the radiation shield required for the DIII-D installation. The installation and initial operation of the camera are described in this paper, and the first images from the DIII-D divertor are presented. C1 [Roquemore, A. L.; Nagy, A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lasnier, C. J.; Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Nishino, N.] Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan. [Evans, T. E.] Gen Atom San Diego, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roquemore, AL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU US DoE contracts [DE-AC02-76CH0307, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors wish to thank Tom Holoman for constructing the radiation shield and the filter wheel assembly. This work supported by US DoE contracts No. DE-AC02-76CH0307, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-FC02- 04ER54698, and W-7405-ENG-36. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 354 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900088 ER PT B AU Reiersen, W Nelson, B Heitzenroeder, P Brooks, A Brown, T Cole, M Chrzanowski, J Dudek, L Fan, M Fogarty, P Gettelfinger, G Goranson, P Kalish, M Labik, G Lyon, J Neilson, GH Raftopoulos, S Stratton, B Strykowsky, R Viola, M Williams, M Williamson, D Zarnstorff, M AF Reiersen, W. Nelson, B. Heitzenroeder, P. Brooks, A. Brown, T. Cole, M. Chrzanowski, J. Dudek, L. Fan, M. Fogarty, P. Gettelfinger, G. Goranson, P. Kalish, M. Labik, G. Lyon, J. Neilson, G. H. Raftopoulos, S. Stratton, B. Strykowsky, R. Viola, M. Williams, M. Williamson, D. Zarnstorff, M. GP IEEE TI In progress in NCSX construction SO 22ND IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Albuquerque, NM SP IEEE, NPSS AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Its mission is to develop the physics understanding of the compact stellarator and evaluate its potential for future fusion energy systems. Compact stellarators use 3D plasma shaping to produce a magnetic configuration that can be steady state without current drive or feedback control of instabilities. The NCSX has major radius 1.4 m, aspect ratio 4.4, 3 field periods, and a quasi-axisymmetiic magnetic field. It is predicted to be stable and have good magnetic surfaces at beta >= 4% and to have tokamak-like confinement properties. The device will provide the plasma configuration flexibility and the heating and diagnostic access needed to test physics predictions. Component production has advanced substantially since the first contracts were placed in 2004. Manufacture of the vacuum vessel was completed in 2006. All eighteen modular coil winding forms have been delivered, and twelve modular coils have been wound and epoxy impregnated. A contract for the (planar) toroidal field coils was placed in 2006 and manufacture is in progress. Assembly activities have begun and will be the project's main focus in the next few years. The engineering challenge of NCSX is to meet the requirements for complex geometries and tight tolerances within the cost and schedule constraints of a construction project. This paper will focus on how the engineering challenges of component production have been resolved, and how the assembly challenges are being met. C1 [Reiersen, W.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Brooks, A.; Chrzanowski, J.; Dudek, L.; Fan, M.; Gettelfinger, G.; Kalish, M.; Labik, G.; Neilson, G. H.; Raftopoulos, S.; Stratton, B.; Strykowsky, R.; Viola, M.; Williams, M.; Zarnstorff, M.] PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Nelson, B.; Brown, T.; Cole, M.; Fogarty, P.; Williamson, D.] ORNI, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Reiersen, W (reprint author), PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1193-1 PY 2007 BP 378 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD54 UT WOS:000252347900094 ER PT B AU Oldfield, RA Arunagiri, S Teller, PJ Seelam, S Varela, MR Riesen, R Roth, PC AF Oldfield, Ron A. Arunagiri, Sarala Teller, Patricia J. Seelam, Seetharami Varela, Maria Ruiz Riesen, Rolf Roth, Philip C. TI Modeling the impact of checkpoints on next-generation systems SO 24TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies CY SEP 24-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, MSSTC ID ROLLBACK-RECOVERY; RESTART DUMPS; INTERVAL; LATENCY AB The next generation of capability-class, massively parallel processing (MPP) systems is expected to have hundreds of thousands of processors. For application-driven, periodic checkpoint operations, the state-of-the-art does not provide a solution that scales to next-generation systems. We demonstrate this by using mathematical modeling to compute a lower bound of the impact of these approaches on the performance of applications executed on three massive-scale, in-production, DOE systems and a theoretical petaflop system. We also adapt the model to investigate a proposed optimization that makes use of '' lightweight '' storage architectures and overlay networks to overcome the storage system bottleneck. Our results indicate that (1) as we approach the scale of next-generation systems, traditional checkpoint/restart approaches will increasingly impact application performance, accounting for over 50% of total application execution time; (2) although our alternative approach improves performance, it has limitations of its own; and (3) there is a critical need for new approaches to fault tolerance that allow continuous computing with minimal impact on application scalability. C1 [Oldfield, Ron A.; Riesen, Rolf] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Arunagiri, Sarala; Teller, Patricia J.; Varela, Maria Ruiz] Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Seelam, Seetharami] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Roth, Philip C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Oldfield, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM raoldfi@sandia.gov; sarunagiri@utep.edu; pteller@utep.edu; sseelam@us.ibm.com; mdruizvarela@miners.utep.edu; rolf@sandia.gov; rothpc@ornl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. De-AC05-00OR22725. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3025-3 PY 2007 BP 30 EP + DI 10.1109/MSST.2007.4367962 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGX98 UT WOS:000251201000003 ER PT S AU Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Wang, J AF Lee, Wah-Keat Fezzaa, Kamel Wang, Jin BE Hou, X Zhao, W Yao, B TI High-speed hard X-ray phase-enhanced imaging - art. no. 627910 SO 27th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, Prts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Xi an Inst Opt & Precis Mech, State Key Lab Transient Opt & Photon, Shaanxi Assoc Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci DE high-speed radiography; phase-contrast imaging; phase-enhanced imaging ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PLASMA AB Conventional x-ray imaging relies on the differences in the absorption of the sample to provide image contrast. With the small source sizes and large source-sample distances at synchrotrons, an additional mechanism, phase contrast, can come into play. Phase effects, which include refraction and diffraction, can greatly enhance the image contrast. Phase contrast is particularly useful in cases where the absorption contrast is weak. Added to this, the high x-ray flux available at synchrotrons allows for unprecedented high-speed and high-resolution x-ray imaging. We demonstrate that high quality time resolved images with sub-microsecond temporal and micrometer spatial resolutions are feasible. The range of energy spectrum (5-150 keV) available at the Advanced Photon Source allows us to study a wide range of samples, from soft tissues to high-Z materials. We will present preliminary results from the steel automobile fuel injectors and liquid-air sprays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, WK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6349-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6279 BP 27910 EP 27910 AR 627910 DI 10.1117/12.725172 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFV94 UT WOS:000245033600035 ER PT S AU Frank, AM Bartolick, JM AF Frank, Alan M. Bartolick, Joseph M. BE Hou, X Zhao, W Yao, B TI Solid state replacement of rotating mirror cameras - art. no. 62791U SO 27th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, Prts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Xi an Inst Opt & Precis Mech, State Key Lab Transient Opt & Photon, Shaanxi Assoc Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci AB Rotating mirror cameras have been the mainstay of mega-frame per second imaging for decades. There is still no electronic camera that can match a film based rotary mirror camera for the combination of frame count, speed, resolution and dynamic range. The rotary mirror cameras are predominantly used in the range of 0.1 to 100 micro-seconds per frame, for 25 to more than a hundred frames. Electron tube gated cameras dominate the sub microsecond regime but are frame count limited. Video cameras are pushing into the microsecond regime but are resolution limited by the high data rates. An all solid state architecture, dubbed 'In-situ Storage Image Sensor' or 'ISIS', by Prof. Goji Etch has made its first appearance into the market and its evaluation is discussed. Recent work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has concentrated both on evaluation of the presently available technologies and exploring the capabilities of the ISIS architecture. It is clear though there is presently no single chip camera that can simultaneously match the rotary mirror cameras, the ISIS architecture has the potential to approach their performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6349-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6279 BP U2791 EP U2791 AR 62791U DI 10.1117/12.725230 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFV94 UT WOS:000245033600065 ER PT S AU Babar, MA Gorton, I AF Babar, Muhammad Ali Gorton, Ian TI Architecture knowledge management: Challenges, approaches, and tools SO 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: ICSE 2007 COMPANION VOLUME, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Software Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2007) CY MAY 20-26, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCSE, ACM SIGSOFT AB Capturing the technical knowledge, contextual information, and rationale surrounding the design decisions underpinning system architectures can greatly improve the software development process. If not managed, this critical knowledge is implicitly embedded in the architecture, becoming tacit knowledge which erodes as personnel on the project change. Moreover, the unavailability of architecture knowledge precludes organizations from growing their architectural capabilities. In this tutorial, we highlight the benefits and challenges in managing software architecture knowledge. We discuss various approaches to characterize architecture knowledge based on the requirements of a particular domain. We describe various concepts and approaches to manage the architecture knowledge from both management and technical perspectives. We also demonstrate the utility of captured knowledge to support software architecture activities with a case study covering the use of architecture knowledge management techniques and tools in an industrial project. C1 [Babar, Muhammad Ali] Univ Limerick, Lero, Limerick, Ireland. [Gorton, Ian] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Babar, MA (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Lero, Limerick, Ireland. EM Muhammad.Alibabar@ul.ie; Ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0270-5257 BN 978-0-7695-2892-2 J9 PROC INT CONF SOFTW PY 2007 BP 170 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSECOMPANION.2007.20 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGH68 UT WOS:000247030600071 ER PT S AU Oliner, A Stearley, J AF Oliner, Adam Stearley, Jon TI What supercomputers say: A study of five system logs SO 37TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCDCFT, IFIP WG10 4 AB If we hope to automatically detect and diagnose failures in large-scale computer systems, we must study real deployed systems and the data they generate. Progress has been hampered by the inaccessibility of empirical data. This paper addresses that dearth by examining system logs from five supercomputers, with the aim of providing useful insight and direction for future research into the use of such logs. We present details about the systems, methods of log collection, and how alerts were identified; propose a simpler and more effective filtering algorithm; and define operational context to encompass the crucial information that we found to be currently missing from most logs. The machines we consider (and the number of processors) are: Blue Gene/L (131072), Red Storm (10880), Thunder-bird (9024), Spirit (1028), and Liberty (512). This is the first study of raw system logs from multiple supercomputers. C1 [Oliner, Adam] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stearley, Jon] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Oliner, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM onliner@cs.stanford.edu; jrstear@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy High Performance Computer Science Fellowship; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work was done at Sandia National Laboratories, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy High Performance Computer Science Fellowship.; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-0-7695-2855-7 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2007 BP 575 EP + DI 10.1109/DSN.2007.103 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGM74 UT WOS:000248519500059 ER PT S AU Nygren, DR AF Nygren, David R. BE Irastorza, IG Colas, P Gorodetzky, P TI A negative-ion TPC with ultra-high energy resolution for 0-nu double beta decay search in Xe-136 - art. no. 012003 SO 3rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Event Detection SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 11-12, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; THERMAL ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; GRAN-SASSO 1990-2003; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER; LARGE-AREA; GAS-PHASE; XENON; N2O; DETECTORS; MECHANISM AB Future searches for the neutrino-less double beta decay mode in candidate nuclei must confront the need for sensitivities at the level of 10 - 50 meV effective neutrino mass. Current techniques may not be able to scale simultaneously to the needed mass of active isotope with both improved energy resolution and much higher levels of background rejection. To address these severe challenges, a novel approach based on a negative-ion time projection chamber filled primarily with high-pressure Xe-136 gas is developed. In addition to the 3 provision of a nearly ideal active fiducial boundary surface, an energy resolution of similar to 5 x10(-3) FWHM appears possible at the Q-value of 2.48 MeV. The background rejection advantages of detailed track information and a single monolithic detector are addressed. A barium daughter-tagging scheme based on mobility differences and a new approach addressing the goal of efficient electron capture and release in high-density gas exploiting chemical reactions are introduced. Many R&D issues are suggested by this new concept. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nygren, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 65 BP 12003 EP 12003 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/65/1/012003 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGU27 UT WOS:000250576600003 ER PT S AU Nygren, D AF Nygren, David BE Irastorza, IG Colas, P Gorodetzky, P TI Track imaging by direct ionization image sensing: a new method to search for neutrino-less double beta decay - art. no. 012021 SO 3rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Event Detection SE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 11-12, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE ID XE-136 AB In gas-based detectors, energy resolutions achieved for electron tracks in the few MeV range have been much worse than the intrinsic limits. The extended track lengths of such events require large containment volumes and, typically, multi-wire proportional gain structures to capture the signals over a large area. The difficulties of determining accurate gain maps and stable proportional gain contribute to the challenge. As an alternative, direct sensing of track images without avalanche multiplication now appears possible due to the recent advances in ultra-low noise multi-channel integrated circuit design, at least for those circumstances where ionization density is sufficiently high. In a time projection chamber (TPC), the 3-D localization of tracks in space should also permit much better energy resolution since edge effects would be controlled. A particularly suitable application is the search for neutrino-less double beta decay in high-pressure Xe-136 gas. At the 2.48 MeV Q value of the decay, an energy resolution of similar to 0.5% FWHM may be possible with direct ionization imaging. While only a factor of two worse than the intrinsic limit 0.25% FWHM, set by fluctuations between excitations and ionization, stability considerations suggest that direct ionization imaging may reach this level of performance, with electronic noise the dominant contribution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nygren, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 65 BP 12021 EP 12021 AR 012021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/65/1/012021 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGU27 UT WOS:000250576600021 ER PT S AU Nutaro, J Kuruganti, T Shankar, M AF Nutaro, James Kuruganti, Teja Shankar, Mallikarjun GP IEEE TI Seamless simulation of hybrid systems with discrete event software packages SO 40TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Simulation Symposium CY MAR 26-28, 2007 CL Norfolk, VA SP Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper characterizes a class of hybrid systems that can be readily integrated with discrete event models and seamlessly simulated using available discrete event simulation software. We characterize this class of hybrid systems in terms of the Discrete Event System Specification, Hybrid Input/Output Automata, and as an event oriented simulation program. A small, but illustrative, example demonstrates the utility of these types of hybrid systems and the relative ease with which they can be incorporated into a discrete event simulation. C1 [Nutaro, James; Kuruganti, Teja; Shankar, Mallikarjun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; kurugantipv@ornl.gov; shankarm@ornl.gov RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460; Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free li-cense to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1080-241X BN 978-0-7695-2814-4 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 2007 BP 81 EP + DI 10.1109/ANSS.2007.38 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGD45 UT WOS:000246172800009 ER PT S AU Barrett, KA AF Barrett, Kerrin A. BE Sanson, LD TI It's all about the system: Changing the way we think about designing security systems SO 41ST ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ DE physical security systems; systems thinking; systems engineering; training; cognitive flexibility theory; situated learning AB Today's world demands new ways of thinking about security solutions. The problem space is complex and ambiguous. Solutions must be multidimensional, incorporating not only technology, but the social, economic, political, and religious dynamics of a security intervention. A facilitator-led experiential training program was designed for our technical staff that leads them out of the box. The course design is based upon the theories of cognitive flexibility and situated cognition, and uses a socio-constructivist approach. Participants are led by a senior systems engineer/facilitator through a series of exercises in which they observe contextually relevant right way/wrong way videos, engage in critical thinking assessments about what they observed, and solve logic puzzles. Group interaction and problem-solving is emphasized. As in the teal world, there is no one "right" solution. Outcomes can include a broader understanding of the threat space, creative solutions that enable survival in spite of an evolving enemy, and a deeper sense of the complex dynamics involved in any security decision. Training impact is being evaluated using a mixed qualitative/ quantitative approach. Survey data combined with ethnographic interviewing techniques will determine whether or not participants have transferred their new understandings to the work environment. C1 [Barrett, Kerrin A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barrett, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 978-1-4244-1129-0 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2007 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX99 UT WOS:000251219600001 ER PT S AU Koch, DB AF Koch, Daniel B. BE Sanson, LD TI PortSim - A port security simulation and visualization tool SO 41ST ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ DE port security; container inspection; visual simulation; operations research; enterprise modeling AB Around the world, there is great concern about the movement of threat materials using seaport shipping containers. The benefit of early detection of weapons of mass destruction is obvious. However, the inspection process needs to be conducted in such a way as to not unreasonably impede normal commerce. Prior to actual deployment of new detection systems, policies, or procedures, it is useful to construct an operational and cost model of the port facility and to run simulations to gage the impact. Using a simulation model beforehand aids decision makers in evaluating trade-offs. PortSim was developed at ORNL by the author to allow a user to investigate a number of parameters in order to see the impact on port operations and cost. It consolidates a conceptual operations model, cost information, policy and procedures database, a real-time data acquisition capability, and information flow tracking and provides a visualization of port operations in a geospatial environment. This paper describes the use of PortSim to simulate and visualize a typical port. C1 [Koch, Daniel B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koch, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 978-1-4244-1129-0 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2007 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX99 UT WOS:000251219600018 ER PT S AU Riblett, LE Wiseman, JM AF Riblett, Loren E. Wiseman, James M. BE Sanson, LD TI TacNet: Mobile ad hoc secure communications network SO 41ST ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ DE ad hoc communications network; secure mobile communications; Blue Force; tracking AB On the road and during tactical maneuvers, the Blue Force must maintain situational awareness to effectively react and respond. The Tactical Network, or TacNet, is a mobile ad hoc communications network developed by Sandia National Laboratories to provide Blue Force personnel with secure access to critical data, such as real-time maps of resource positions. During development of the system, the Sandia team addressed a variety of issues, including the need for (a) mobile communications without fixed infrastructure and (b) security features, e.g., an access control list. The team considered commercial-off-the-shelf products, but determined that a semi-customized system would better suit its requirements. The final product, TacNet, a field-tested and proven mobile network, incorporates two major systems: (1) an In-Vehicle System, including a graphical user interface, and (2) a Dismounted Solution, also known as Tracker. TacNet employs a line-of-sight mesh radio network, which is self-forming, self-healing, and multi-hopping. Both the In-Vehicle and Tracker systems can be applied in combination or separately to a variety of purposes, including real-time training analysis, targeting capability, and friend or foe identification. This paper describes the development process for TacNet and its future potential, such as extending line-of-sight through unmanned aerial vehicles. C1 [Riblett, Loren E.; Wiseman, James M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riblett, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0775, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 978-1-4244-1129-0 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2007 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX99 UT WOS:000251219600024 ER PT S AU Claycomb, W Shin, D Hareland, D AF Claycomb, William Shin, Dongwan Hareland, Della BE Sanson, LD TI Towards privacy in enterprise directory services: A user-centric approach to attribute management SO 41ST ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ AB Enterprise Directory Services (EDS) are commonly used to store attributes related to individual users within a corporation, and provide those attributes to authorized users upon request. These attributes may contain sensitive personal information, such as citizenship or Social Security numbers. Consequently, access to such information is generally controlled, usually by traditional methods such as Access Control Lists. However, if a User-Centric identity management model is considered, in which users control their own information and control access to that information, traditional EDS implementations do not provide complete protection from a user perspective. We propose combining Public Key Infrastructure, User-Centric identity management, and EDS to allow users control of the personal information stored within a directory as well as who is allowed to access that information. We demonstrate how a user may employ PKI to encrypt individual attributes, then share decryption information with selected entities. Among other advantages, this solution eliminates the possibility of administrative access to users information, a potential threat that exists within many EDS situations. C1 [Claycomb, William] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0823, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shin, Dongwan] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hareland, Della] 507 North Roosevelt Bldg #C517, Falls Church, VA 22044 USA. RP Claycomb, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0823, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrclayc@sandia.gov; doshin@nmt.edu; della_hareland@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 978-1-4244-1129-0 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2007 BP 212 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX99 UT WOS:000251219600033 ER PT S AU Brocato, RW Wouters, GA Heller, E Blaich, J Palmer, DW AF Brocato, Robert W. Wouters, Gregg A. Heller, Edwin Blaich, Jonathan Palmer, David W. GP IEEE TI Re-configurable Completely Unpowered Wireless Sensors SO 57TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2007 PROCEEDINGS SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Elect Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc, Elect Ind Alliance, IEEE, CPMT DE SAW correlator; sensors; wireless; passive AB A methodology for remotely and wirelessly reading any type of unpowered impedance varying sensor is described. Unpowered wireless sensors, in existence for a number of years, have been limited to low impedance sensors. Techniques for reading high impedance sensors are introduced here. The resulting methodology can be used to measure a wide range of different sensors, including temperature, pressure, light level, mechanical switch, acoustic emission, and acceleration. These sensors report physically measurable data in the same manner as do similar conventional sensors, but they do it remotely and without any local.power source. The sensors are measured remotely using a radar-like interrogation device, and the sensors and their related communication electronics draw all of the power needed for communicating from the radar pulse. C1 [Brocato, Robert W.; Wouters, Gregg A.; Heller, Edwin; Blaich, Jonathan; Palmer, David W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brocato, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rwbroca@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4244-0984-6 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2007 BP 179 EP + DI 10.1109/ECTC.2007.373795 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGJ78 UT WOS:000247705500028 ER PT S AU Levine, EP Jamison, K AF Levine, Elliott P. Jamison, Keith BE Drummond, CH TI THE LEGACY OF GLASS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES BY THE US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM SO 67TH CONFERENCE ON GLASS PROBLEMS: CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th Conference on Glass Problems CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2006 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH HO Ohio State Univ AB This paper discusses the highlights and accomplishments of the glass-focused energy efficiency activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) since the mid 1990s. These activities include cost-shared research, as well as technology planning, partnership development, and analytical studies. The paper will also explore continuing opportunities for improving energy efficiency in glassmaking operations, the role of the government in promoting collaborative public-private research, and identifying common technology needs among the various sectors of the U.S. glass industry. C1 [Levine, Elliott P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Jamison, Keith] Energet Incorporated, Columbia, MD USA. RP Levine, EP (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-19065-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 35 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BNY66 UT WOS:000275897700005 ER PT S AU Gudmundsson, K Awwal, AAS AF Gudmundsson, Karl Awwal, Abdul A. S. BE Benediktsson, JA Javidi, B Gudmundsson, KS TI POF the amplitude feature relationship SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION OPTICS (WIO '07) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Information Optics CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Reykjavik, ICELAND SP Univ Iceland, IEEE Iceland Sect, Landsbankl, Univ Iceland, Fac Engn, SPIE, IEEE LEOS DE phase only filter; pattern recognition; ATR; machine vision ID PHASE AB In the present research the relationship between the self-correlation and the correlation with potential targets is examined. This relationship is important since One Can think of the POF as an edge enhancer; by the way of division of the amplitude in the complex match filter, and an integrator by integrating the product of the point spread function filter and the scene. The self-correlation is used as a template for filtering out unwanted random noise in a scene with known targets. C1 [Gudmundsson, Karl] Univ Iceland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hjaroarhaga 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Awwal, Abdul A. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gudmundsson, K (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hjaroarhaga 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM karlsg@hi.is; awwal1@lln.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0463-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 949 BP 280 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGY91 UT WOS:000251413100036 ER PT J AU Ipek, E Mckee, SA Singh, K Caruana, R De Supinski, BR Schulz, M AF Ipek, Engin McKee, Sally A. Singh, Karan Caruana, Rich De Supinski, Bronis R. Schulz, Martin TI Efficient architectural design space exploration via predictive modeling SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND CODE OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL San Jose, CA DE design; experimentation; measurement; artificial neural networks; design space exploration; performance prediction; sensitivity studies ID SIMULATION; PROCESSOR; STATE AB Efficiently exploring exponential-size architectural design spaces with many interacting parameters remains an open problem: the sheer number of experiments required renders detailed simulation intractable. We attack this via an automated approach that builds accurate predictive models. We simulate sampled points, using results to teach our models the function describing relationships among design parameters. The models can be queried and are very fast, enabling efficient design tradeoff discovery. We validate our approach via two uniprocessor sensitivity studies, predicting IPC with only 1-2% error. In an experimental study using the approach, training on 1% of a 250-K-point CMP design space allows our models to predict performance with only 4-5% error. Our predictive modeling combines well with techniques that reduce the time taken by each simulation experiment, achieving net time savings of three-four orders of magnitude. C1 [Ipek, Engin; McKee, Sally A.; Singh, Karan] Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Caruana, Rich] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [De Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ipek, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM engin@csl.cornell.edu; sam@csl.cornell.edu; karan@csl.cornell.edu; caruana@cs.cornell.edu; bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1544-3566 EI 1544-3973 J9 ACM T ARCHIT CODE OP JI ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 AR 20 DI 10.1145/1328195.1328196 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 259IV UT WOS:000252933900001 ER PT J AU Benson, S Krishnan, M Mcinnes, L Nieplocha, J Sarich, J AF Benson, Steven Krishnan, Manojkumar Mcinnes, Lois Nieplocha, Jarek Sarich, Jason TI Using the GA and TAO toolkits for solving large-scale optimization problems on parallel computers SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; design; performance; numerical optimization; distributed data structures; one-sided communication; load balancing; molecular dynamics; Lennard-Jones potential ID PROGRAMMING-MODEL; GLOBAL ARRAYS; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS; CHEMISTRY AB Challenges in the scalable solution of large-scale optimization problems include the development of innovative algorithms and efficient tools for parallel data manipulation. This article discusses two complementary toolkits from the collection of Advanced CompuTational Software (ACTS), namely, Global Arrays (GA) for parallel data management and the Toolkit for Advanced Optimization (TAO), which have been integrated to support large-scale scientific applications of unconstrained and bound constrained minimization problems. Most likely to benefit are minimization problems arising in classical molecular dynamics, free energy simulations, and other applications where the coupling among variables requires dense data structures. TAO uses abstractions for vectors and matrices so that its optimization algorithms can easily interface to distributed data management and linear algebra capabilities implemented in the GA library. The GA/TAO interfaces are available both in the traditional library mode and as components compliant with the Common Component Architecture (CCA). We highlight the design of each toolkit, describe the interfaces between them, and demonstrate their use. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benson@mcs.anl.gov; manoj@pnl.gov; mcinnes@mcl.anl.gov; Jarek.Nieplocha@pnl.gov; sarich@mcs.anl.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 AR 11 DI 10.1145/1236463.1236466 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 188IY UT WOS:000247914800003 ER PT J AU Meza, JC Oliva, RA Hough, PD Williams, PJ AF Meza, J. C. Oliva, R. A. Hough, P. D. Williams, P. J. TI OPT++: An object-oriented toolkit for nonlinear optimization SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; experimentation; object oriented programming; scientific computing; parallel optimization ID DIRECT SEARCH AB Object-oriented programming is a relatively new tool in the development of optimization software. The code extensibility and the rapid algorithm prototyping capability enabled by this programming paradigm promise to enhance the reliability, utility, and ease of use of optimization software. While the use of object-oriented programming is growing, there are still few examples of general purpose codes written in this manner, and a common approach is far from obvious. This paper describes OPT++, a C++ class library for nonlinear optimization. The design is predicated on the concept of distinguishing between an algorithm-independent class hierarchy for nonlinear optimization problems and a class hierarchy for nonlinear optimization methods that is based on common algorithmic traits. The interface is designed for ease of use while being general enough so that new optimization algorithms can be added easily to the existing framework. A number of nonlinear optimization algorithms have been implemented in OPT++ and are accessible through this interface. Furthermore, example applications demonstrate the simplicity of the interface as well as the advantages of a common interface in comparing multiple algorithms. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Meza, JC (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JCMeza@lbl.gov RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012; OI Meza, Juan/0000-0003-4543-0349 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 AR 12 DI 10.1145/1236463.1236467 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 188IY UT WOS:000247914800004 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Smith, B Sternberg, M Zapol, P AF Zhang, Hong Smith, Barry Sternberg, Michael Zapol, Peter TI SIPs: Shift-and-invert parallel spectral transformations SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; performance; parallelism; sparse eigenvalue computation; spectral transformation ID EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; LANCZOS METHOD AB SIPs is a new efficient and robust software package implementing multiple shift-and-invert spectral transformations on parallel computers. Built on top of SLEPc and PETSc, it can compute very large numbers of eigenpairs for sparse symmetric generalized eigenvalue problems. The development of SIPs is motivated by applications in nanoscale materials modeling, in which the growing size of the matrices and the pathological eigenvalue distribution challenge the efficiency and robustness of the solver. In this article, we present a parallel eigenvalue algorithm based on distributed spectrum slicing. We describe the object-oriented design and implementation techniques in SIPs, and demonstrate its numerical performance on an advanced distributed computer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hzhang@mcs.anl.gov RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 AR 9 DI 10.1145/1236463.1236464 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 188IY UT WOS:000247914800001 ER PT J AU Zwolak, JW Boggs, PT Watson, LT AF Zwolak, Jason W. Boggs, Paul T. Watson, Layne T. TI Algorithm 869: ODRPACK95: A weighted orthogonal distance regression code with bound constraints SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; errors in variables; measurement error models; nonlinear least squares; orthogonal distance regression; simple bounds; Fortran 95 ID SOFTWARE; MODEL AB ODRPACK (TOMS Algorithm 676) has provided a complete package for weighted orthogonal distance regression for many years. The code is complete with user selectable reporting facilities, numerical and analytic derivatives, derivative checking, and many more features. The foundation for the algorithm is a stable and efficient trust region Levenberg-Marquardt minimizer that exploits the structure of the orthogonal distance regression problem. ODRPACK95 was created to extend the functionality and usability of ODRPACK. ODRPACK95 adds bound constraints, uses the newer Fortran 95 language, and simplifies the interface to the user called subroutine. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zwolak, JW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jzwolak@vt.edu; ptboggs@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 AR 27 DI 10.1145/1268776.1268782 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 231RS UT WOS:000250967300006 ER PT S AU Miyasaka, C Mercer, RR Mastro, AM AF Miyasaka, C. Mercer, R. R. Mastro, A. M. BE Andre, MP TI Osteoblast adhesion of breast cancer cells with scanning acoustic microscopy SO Acoustical Imaging, Vol 28 SE ACOUSTICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging CY MAR 20-23, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE acoustic microscope; laser scanning confocal microscope; cellular adhesion; bone cancer; osteoblasts ID BONE HISTOMORPHOMETRY; LIVING CELLS; REFLECTION; HYPERCALCEMIA; CONTRAST AB Conditioned medium was collected from a bone-metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and cultured with an immature osteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1. Under these conditions the osteoblasts acquired a changed morphology and appeared to adhere in a different way to the substrate and to each other. To characterize cellular adhesion, MC3T3-E1 ostcoblasts were cultured with or without MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium for two days. With mechanical scanning acoustic reflection microscopy, we were able to detect a change in the adhesive condition of the interface between the cell and the substrate, but not with optical microscopy. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miyasaka, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0270-5117 BN 978-1-4020-5720-5 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2007 VL 28 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1007/1-4020-5721-0_8 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGA08 UT WOS:000245738100008 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Adams, PD Moriarty, NW Cohn, JD AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Adams, Paul D. Moriarty, Nigel W. Cohn, Judith D. TI Ligand identification using electron-density map correlations SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURES; PROTEIN; INHIBITORS; BINDING; PENEMS AB A procedure for the identification of ligands bound in crystal structures of macromolecules is described. Two characteristics of the density corresponding to a ligand are used in the identification procedure. One is the correlation of the ligand density with each of a set of test ligands after optimization of the fit of that ligand to the density. The other is the correlation of a fingerprint of the density with the fingerprint of model density for each possible ligand. The fingerprints consist of an ordered list of correlations of each the test ligands with the density. The two characteristics are scored using a Z-score approach in which the correlations are normalized to the mean and standard deviation of correlations found for a variety of mismatched ligand-density pairs, so that the Z scores are related to the probability of observing a particular value of the correlation by chance. The procedure was tested with a set of 200 of the most commonly found ligands in the Protein Data Bank, collectively representing 57% of all ligands in the Protein Data Bank. Using a combination of these two characteristics of ligand density, ranked lists of ligand identifications were made for representative (F-o-F-c) exp(i phi(c)) difference density from entries in the Protein Data Bank. In 48% of the 200 cases, the correct ligand was at the top of the ranked list of ligands. This approach may be useful in identification of unknown ligands in new macromolecular structures as well as in the identification of which ligands in a mixture have bound to a macromolecule. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Cohn, Judith/0000-0002-1333-3395 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM063210, P01GM063210] NR 15 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 63 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1107/S0907444906046233 PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 116IN UT WOS:000242796000013 PM 17164532 ER PT J AU Blum, MM Koglin, A Ruterjans, H Schoenborn, B Langan, P Chen, JCH AF Blum, Marc-Michael Koglin, Alexander Rueterjans, Heinz Schoenborn, Benno Langan, Paul Chen, Julian C. -H. TI Preliminary time-of-flight neutron diffraction study on diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) from Loligo vulgaris SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFINEMENT; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; LAUE DIFFRACTION; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SPALLATION NEUTRONS; DATA-COLLECTION; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; CONCANAVALIN-A; JOINT NEUTRON; DIISOPROPYLFLUOROPHOSPHATASE AB The enzyme diisopropyl fluorophosphatase ( DFPase) from Loligo vulgaris is capable of decontaminating a wide variety of toxic organophosphorus nerve agents. DFPase is structurally related to a number of enzymes, such as the medically important paraoxonase (PON). In order to investigate the reaction mechanism of this phosphotriesterase and to elucidate the protonation state of the active-site residues, large-sized crystals of DFPase have been prepared for neutron diffraction studies. Available H atoms have been exchanged through vapour diffusion against D(2)O-containing mother liquor in the capillary. A neutron data set has been collected to 2.2 angstrom resolution on a relatively small (0.43 mm(3)) crystal at the spallation source in Los Alamos. The sample size and asymmetric unit requirements for the feasibility of neutron diffraction studies are summarized. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Biophys Chem, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Bundeswehr Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Chen, JCH (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Biophys Chem, Max von Laue Str 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM chen@chemie.uni-frankfurt.de RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; Blum, Marc-Michael/M-7691-2014 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Blum, Marc-Michael/0000-0003-1856-2071 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM071939-04] NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 63 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1107/S1744309106052924 PN 1 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 119KE UT WOS:000243010400012 PM 17183172 ER PT J AU Tapasa, K Barashev, AV Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN AF Tapasa, K. Barashev, A. V. Bacon, D. J. Osetsky, Yu. N. TI Computer simulation of carbon diffusion and vacancy-carbon interaction in alpha-iron SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron; carbon interstitial; carbon diffusion; vacancy-carbon complex; molecular dynamics ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; PRECIPITATION; KINETICS; FE; IMPURITIES; PRESSURE; NITROGEN; METALS; BCC AB Static and dynamic properties of the interstitial carbon atom and vacancy-carbon atom complexes in alpha-iron are modelled by a molecular dynamics (MD) method using a pair interatomic potential for the iron-carbon interaction and two different many-body potentials for the iron matrix. The diffusion parameters of an interstitial solute in iron are obtained by MD simulation for the first time. The binding energy and migration energy of a vacancy-carbon complex are also obtained: the complex is immobile and has higher energy for dissociation than the carbon atom migration energy. The results are compared with recent ab initio calculations and experimental data from the literature. Experimental data on the recovery stages of electron-irradiated Fe-C are analysed using rate theory equations and found to be consistent with the ab initio calculations for diffusion of a vacancy and its interaction with carbon atoms. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia lnc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barashev, AV (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM a.barashev@liv.ac.uk NR 31 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.05.029 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700001 ER PT J AU Tapasa, K Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ AF Tapasa, K. Osetsky, Yu. N. Bacon, D. J. TI Computer simulation of interaction of an edge dislocation with a carbon interstitial in alpha-iron and effects on glide SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation mobility; carbon diffusion; iron alloys; molecular dynamics; activation parameters ID INTERACTION ENERGY; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CORE SYSTEM; HIGH-PURITY; FE; ATOMS; BCC; PRECIPITATION AB The atomic-scale behaviour of a carbon (C) interstitial atom in the core of a 1/2 [111] (1 (1) over bar0) edge dislocation in U-iron has been simulated for the first time. C sites with high binding energy to the dislocation have been investigated and the critical stress, tau(c), for the dislocation to overcome a row of C atoms determined. The effects of temperature, T, and applied strain rate,epsilon, on tau(c) have been studied. tau(c) decreases rapidly as T increases to similar to 400 K and becomes almost constant at higher T. It decreases with decreasing epsilon. and epsilon-independent at T greater than similar to 300 K. The activation parameters in simulation conditions have been obtained. The activation distance of similar to(0.2-0.3)b is consistent with point-obstacle strengthening. However, the activation energy is only similar to 5k(B)T, where k(B) is the Boltzmann constant, and similar to 20k(B)T smaller than that realized in experimental conditions. This implies that the decline of T, over the range 0 to similar to 400 K would occur over 0 to similar to 80 K in experiment, which is where C-edge dislocation effects would be influential. A few jumps of C occur in the core before dislocation unpinning at T >= 800 K and give a small T-dependence of tau(c). Core diffusion of C occurs by +/- 1/2[11 (1) over bar] jumps at 70.5 degrees to [111]. The diffusivity in the absence of applied stress is 4 x 10(-9) exp(-0.2 eV/k(B)T) m(2)/S compared with 1.9 x 10(-7) exp(-0.7 eV/ k(B)T) m(2)/S for bulk diffusion of C in the same MD model. Hence, the edge dislocation provides a path for rapid diffusion of C, but net transport along the core can only occur by motion of the dislocation itself. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM djbacon@liv.ac.uk NR 47 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.015 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700008 ER PT J AU Sudbrack, CK Noebe, RD Seidman, DN AF Sudbrack, Chantal K. Noebe, Ronald D. Seidman, David N. TI Compositional pathways and capillary effects during isothermal precipitation in a nondilute Ni-Al-Cr alloy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanostructure; coarsening; Ni-Al-Cr alloys; atom-probe tomography; capillary phenomena ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; SYSTEM; PHASE; NANOSTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPY AB For a Ni-5.2A1-14.2Cr at.% alloy with moderate solute supersaturations, the compositional pathways, as measured with atom-probe tomography, during early to later stage gamma'(L1(2))-precipitation (R = 0.45-10 nm), aged at 873 K, are discussed in light of a multi-component coarsening model. Employing nondilute thermodynamics, detailed model analyses during quasi-stationary coarsening of the experimental data establish that the gamma/gamma' interfacial free-energy is 22-23 + 7 mJ m(-2). Additionally, solute diffusivities are significantly slower than model estimates. Strong quantitative evidence indicates that an observed gamma'-supersaturation of Al results from the Gibbs-Thomson effect, providing the first experimental verification of this phenomenon. The Gibbs-Thomson relationship for a ternary system, as well as differences in measured phase equilibria with CALPHAD assessments, are considered in great detail. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Seidman, DN (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM d-seidman@northwestern.edu RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700010 ER PT J AU Cawkwell, MJ Woodward, C Nguyen-Manh, D Pettifor, DG Vitek, V AF Cawkwell, M. J. Woodward, C. Nguyen-Manh, D. Pettifor, D. G. Vitek, V. TI Atomistic study of athermal cross-slip and its impact on the mechanical properties of iridium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE platinum group; dislocation theory; fracture; plastic deformation; modelling ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; POLYCRYSTALLINE IRIDIUM; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; CORE STRUCTURE; SIMULATION AB The mechanical behaviour of the face-centred cubic metal iridium is exceptional in that it undergoes brittle transgranular or intergranular fracture after extensive plastic deformation. We present a model for the origin of this behaviour that is based on the features of the cores of screw dislocations specific to this transition metal. Atomistic simulations performed using a bond-order potential find a planar core structure that corresponds to dissociation into Shockley partials and a metastable, non-planar core spread into two {111} planes. Stress-induced transformations between the two core configurations were studied and form the basis for a mechanism for cross-slip that requires neither thermal activation nor full constriction of the partials. The associated high rate of cross-slip leads to extremely intense forest hardening and a dislocation density that increases precipitously with plastic strain to the extent that brittle cleavage is a natural consequence. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Cawkwell, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T-14,MS B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cawkwell@lanl.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.033 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700014 ER PT J AU Lebensohn, RA Bringa, EM Caro, A AF Lebensohn, R. A. Bringa, E. M. Caro, A. TI A viscoplastic micromechanical model for the yield strength of nanocrystalline materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline materials; micromechanical modelling; grain boundary; plastic deformation ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COMPUTATIONAL DESCRIPTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; NANOPHASE METALS; NUMERICAL-METHOD; COPPER; BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALS AB In this paper we present a micromechanical approach based on fast Fourier transforms to study the role played by dislocation glide and grain boundary (GB) accommodation in the determination of the plastic behavior of nanostructured materials. For this, we construct unit cells representing self-similar polycrystals with different grain sizes in the nanometer range and use local constitutive equations for slip and GB accommodation. We study the effect of grain size, strain rate and pressure on the local and effective behavior of nanostructured Ice materials with parameters obtained from experiments and atomistic simulations. Predictions of a previous qualitative pressure-sensitive model for the effective yield strength behind a shock front are substantially improved by considering strain partition between slip and GB activity. Under quasiestatic conditions, assuming diffusion-controlled mechanisms at GB, the model predicts a strain-rate sensitivity increase in nanocrystalline samples with respect to the coarse-grained material of the same order as in recently published experiments. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lebenso@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.023 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700024 ER PT J AU Yang, B Nieh, TG AF Yang, B. Nieh, T. G. TI Effect of the nanoindentation rate on the shear band formation in an Au-based bulk metallic glass SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; plastic deformation; hardness; deformation inhomogeneities ID HOMOGENEOUS FLOW; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; SCIENCE; LOAD AB This study investigated the nanoindentation behavior of AU(49)Ag(5.5)Pd(2.3)CU(26.9)Si(16.3) bulk metallic glass samples at loading rates ranging from 0.03 to 300 mN s(-1). Notable shear band pop-in events were observed. The pop-in size was observed to increase linearly with the load and decreased exponentially with the strain rate. A free-volume mechanism was proposed for interpreting these observations quantitatively. The results and analyses also shed light on the shear band nucleation and evolution processes in bulk metallic glasses. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tnieh@utk.edu RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 25 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.028 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700027 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Miller, MK Babu, SS Garcia-Mateo, C AF Caballero, F. G. Miller, M. K. Babu, S. S. Garcia-Mateo, C. TI Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE bainitic steel; phase transformation; atom-probe field-ion microscopy ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; COMPOSITION PROPERTY APPROACH; LOW-TEMPERATURE BAINITE; INTERGRANULAR SEGREGATION; MARTENSITE; PROBE; IRON; CR; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PHOSPHORUS AB A fine-scale bainitic microstructure with high strength and high toughness has been achieved by transforming austenite at 200 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the carbon concentration of these bainitic ferrite plates to be higher than expected from para-equilibrium. Atom-probe tomography revealed that a substantial quantity of carbon was trapped at dislocations in the vicinity of the ferrite-austenite interface. These results suggest that the carbon trapping at dislocations prevents the decarburization of super-saturated bainitic ferrite and therefore alters the carbide precipitation sequence during low-temperature bainite formation. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, CENIM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Edison Welding Inst, Tech Div, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, CENIM, Avda Gregorio Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM fgc@cenim.csic.es RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 NR 39 TC 155 Z9 169 U1 10 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.033 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 118FV UT WOS:000242928700037 ER PT J AU Wu, XP Kalidindi, SR Necker, C Salem, AA AF Wu, Xianping Kalidindi, Surya R. Necker, Carl Salem, Ayman A. TI Prediction of crystallographic texture evolution and anisotropic stress-strain curves during large plastic strains in high purity alpha-titanium using a Taylor-type crystal plasticity model SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE twinning; plastic deformation; hardening; texture; anisotropic ID MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; HARDENING REGIMES; DEFORMATION TWINS; FCC METALS; COMPRESSION; MECHANISMS; ALLOYS AB A new Taylor-type polycrystalline model has been developed to simulate the evolution of crystallographic texture and the anisotropic stress-strain response during large plastic deformation of high purity alpha-titanium at room temperature. Crystallographic slip, deformation twinning and slip inside twinned regions were all considered as contributing mechanisms for the plastic strain in the model. This was accomplished by treating the dominant twin systems in a given crystal as independent grains once the total twin volume fraction in that crystal reached a predetermined saturation value. The newly formed grains were allowed to independently undergo further slip and the concomitant lattice rotation, but further twinning was prohibited. New descriptions have been established for slip and twin hardening and the complex coupling between them. Good predictions were obtained for the overall anisotropic stress-strain response and texture evolution in three different monotonic deformation paths on annealed, initially textured samples of high purity alpha-titanium. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AFRLIMLLM, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Kalidindi, SR (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM skalidin@coe.drexel.edu RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007 NR 27 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.034 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OV UT WOS:000243668200002 ER PT J AU Li, MS Hou, PY AF Li, M. S. Hou, P. Y. TI Improved Cr2O3 adhesion by Ce ion implantation in the presence of interfacial sulfur segregation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE oxidation; Cr2O3 scale; reactive element effect; adhesion; sulfur segregation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; REACTIVE METAL-OXIDES; SCALE ADHESION; IMPURITY SEGREGATION; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; PORE FORMATION; YTTRIUM; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTS AB As-polished and preoxidized Ni-20Cr alloys were Ce-implanted with a dosage of 1 x 10(17) ions/cm(2), then subsequently oxidized at 1050 degrees C in air. The oxide adhesion and the extent of sulfur segregation at the oxide-alloy interface were determined, respectively, using tensile pull testing and scanning Auger microscopy with an in situ scratch device. The critical load for oxide failure was the lowest on the unimplanted Ni-20Cr, and was slightly higher on those with implantation made into a preformed oxide. Oxides that formed directly oil Ce-implanted Ni-20Cr never failed under the pull test, which showed the strongest scale adhesion; however, similar amounts of interfacial sulfur, which segregated from the alloy during oxidation, were found at all interfaces. Ce additions were also found to reduce the oxidation rate and affect the extent of voids at the scale-alloy interface. It is suggested that the change in the oxide growth mechanism reduces the number of interfacial voids and, unlike Al2O3, these factors are more important for Cr2O3 scale adhesion than sulfur segregation to the scale-alloy interface. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, High Performance Ceram Div, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, MS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, High Performance Ceram Div, 72 Wenhu Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM mshli@imr.ac.cn NR 45 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.047 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OV UT WOS:000243668200004 ER PT J AU Thiessen, RG Sietsma, J Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Richardson, IM AF Thiessen, R. G. Sietsma, J. Palmer, T. A. Elmer, J. W. Richardson, I. M. TI Phase-field modelling and synchrotron validation of phase transformations in martensitic dual-phase steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE simulation; phase field models; nucleation; phase transformation kinetics; synchrotron radiation ID FE-C; FERRITE NUCLEATION; AUSTENITE; GROWTH; KINETICS; ALLOYS AB A thermodynamically based method to describe the phase transformations during heating and cooling of martensitic dual-phase steel has been developed, and in situ synchrotron measurements of phase transformations have been undertaken to support the model experimentally. Nucleation routines are governed by a novel implementation of the classical nucleation theory in a general phase-field code. Physically-based expressions for the temperature-dependent interface mobility and the driving forces for transformation have also been constructed. Modelling of martensite was accomplished by assuming a carbon supersaturation of the body-centred-cubic ferrite lattice. The simulations predict kinetic aspects of the austenite formation during heating and ferrite formation upon cooling. Simulations of partial austenitising thermal cycles predicted peak and retained austenite percentages of 38.2% and 6.7%, respectively, while measurements yielded peak and retained austenite percentages of 31.0% and 7.2% (+/- 1%). Simulations of a complete austenitisation thermal cycle predicted the measured complete austenitisation and, upon cooling, a retained austenite percentage of 10.3% while 9.8% (+/- 1%) retained austenite was measured. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Netherlands Inst Met Res, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Thiessen, RG (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Met Res, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. EM r.g.thiessen@tudelft.nl RI Sietsma, Jilt/E-8123-2013; Richardson, Ian/A-2010-2015 OI Richardson, Ian/0000-0002-3651-3233 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 601 EP 614 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.053 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OV UT WOS:000243668200019 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Beyerlein, IJ Alexander, DJ Gray, GT AF Xue, Q. Beyerlein, I. J. Alexander, D. J. Gray, G. T., III TI Mechanisms for initial grain refinement in OFHC copper during equal channel angular pressing SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular pressing; copper; microstructural evolution; dislocation cells; microbands ID TEXTURE EVOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EXTRUSION; TEM; ALUMINUM; ORIENTATIONS; BOUNDARIES AB The stages of microstructural evolution during the first pass of equal channel angular pressing in polycrystalline oxygen-free, high conductivity (OFHC) copper are identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructural features are generated in the following order: randomly distributed dislocations, dislocation cell structures, elongated laminar substructures (ELSs), and if a transition in activated slip systems takes place, secondary ELSs and/or microbands. TEM analysis suggests that primary and secondary ELSs form along certain (I 11) slip planes via a self-organized gliding of dislocations. Prior to reaching the main shear plane (MSP), many ELS boundaries are nearly perpendicular to the MSP. After crossing it, they are most often nearly parallel to it (+/- 15 degrees). The initial grain orientation determines if such a transition in slip pattern occurs. Mechanisms for initial grain refinement are proposed and the final dimension of refined grains is found to be directly associated with some initial substructure characteristics prior to reaching the MSP. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xue, Q (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qing.xue@intel.com RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 47 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 655 EP 668 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.049 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OV UT WOS:000243668200024 ER PT J AU Xue, Q Cerreta, EK Gray, GT AF Xue, Q. Cerreta, E. K. Gray, G. T., III TI Microstructural characteristics of post-shear localization in cold-rolled 316L stainless steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE adiabatic shear bands; TEM; stainless steel; pre-straining; recrystallization ID ADIABATIC SHEAR; BAND FORMATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DEFORMED METALS; HIGH-STRAIN; TITANIUM; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; FLOW; TEM AB The microstructural evolution in a cold-rolled 316L stainless steel during shear localization was comprehensively studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results indicate that the main substructure inside a shear band consists of elongated lath, fine rectangular and equiaxed subgrains. The substructure at an early stage of shear banding was found to strongly depend upon existing defects, especially deformation twin patterns. These twin structures determine the initial dimensions of the elongated subgrains inside the shear bands. The coexistence of both rectangular and equiaxed subgrains suggests that no melting occurred though the predicted temperature was much higher than the bulk melting temperature. Dynamic/static recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallization are thought to be the main mechanisms by which these substructures form inside the shear bands. A new mechanism for nanostructure deformation of subgrains within shear bands is proposed to explain the temperature divergence between the experimental and calculated results. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xue, Q (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qing.xue@intel.com NR 33 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 691 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.001 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OV UT WOS:000243668200028 ER PT S AU Schwartz, AJ AF Schwartz, Adam J. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Opportunities in plutonium metallurgical research SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID PU-GA ALLOYS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; PHASE-STABILITY; SELF-IRRADIATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GALLIUM ALLOYS; DELTA-PHASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; METAL AB This is an exciting time to be involved in plutonium metallurgical research. Over the past few years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the fundamental materials science of this unusual metal in the areas of self-irradiation induced aging of Pu, the equilibrium phase diagram, the homogenization of delta-phase alloys, and the crystallography and morphology of the alpha'-phase resulting from the isothermal martensitic phase transformation. In addition, tremendous progress has been made, both experimentally and theoretically, in our understanding of the condensed matter physics and chemistry of the actinides, particularly in the areas of electronic structure and the phonon dispersion curves. Although these communities have made substantial progress, many challenges still remain. This brief overview will address a number of important challenges that we face in fully comprehending the metallurgy of Pu with a specific focus on aging and phase transformations. RP Schwartz, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, L-041,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900001 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Soderlind, P Landal, A Moore, KT Schwartz, AJ Chung, BW Wait, MA Wills, JM Haire, RG Kutepov, AL AF Tobin, J. G. Soderlind, P. Landal, A. Moore, K. T. Schwartz, A. J. Chung, B. W. Wait, M. A. Wills, J. M. Haire, R. G. Kutepov, A. L. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI On the electronic configuration in Pu SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB Synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray absorption, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and density-functional calculations have been used to study the electron configuration in Pu. These methods suggest a 5f(n) configuration for Pu of 5 <= n < 6, with n not equal 6. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900003 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW Komesu, T Chung, BW Morton, SA Waddill, GD AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. W. Komesu, T. Chung, B. W. Morton, S. A. Waddill, G. D. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Facilities for the performance of Fano effect measurements as a probe of electron correlation SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID CE AB Fano Effect measurements are the key to direct observation of the Kondo or spin shielding intrinsic to models of electron correlation. The Fano Effect is the observation of spin polarized photoelectron emission from NONMAGNETIC materials, under chirally selective excitation, such as circularly Polarized photons. Below are described three spectrometers, with which Fano Effects measurements have been made. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900007 ER PT S AU Nelson, AJ Moberlychan, WJ Bliss, RA Siekbaus, WJ Feller, TE Denlinger, JD AF Nelson, Art J. Moberlychan, W. J. Bliss, R. A. Siekbaus, W. J. Feller, T. E. Denlinger, J. D. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Comparative experimental study of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy on passivated U surfaces SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; RARE-EARTH; URANIUM; EDGE; IMPLANTATION; SPECTRA; OXIDES; AIR AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy are complementary analytical techniques on energy and spatial resolution. These techniques are based on the same fundamental physical process of core excitation with either an incident photon or incident electron. In the proper experimental configuration the electron and photon inelastic scattering amplitudes are comparable and thus the x-ray and electron absorption edges look identical. We have applied these two complementary analytical techniques to investigate the electronic structure of C ion implanted U. Implantation of C+ ions into U-238 has been shown to produce a physically and chemically modified surface layer that passivates the surface preventing further air oxidation and corrosion. Comparison of the resultant spectra reveal that transitions between the initial state and a series of final states yield numerous strong features at the absorption edge that can provide structural information and information on the local chemical environment, including the character of the U 5f state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS MSTD, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS MSTD, 700 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900012 ER PT S AU McCall, SK Fluss, MJ Chung, BW McElfresh, MW Haire, RG AF McCall, S. K. Fluss, M. J. Chung, B. W. McElfresh, M. W. Haire, R. G. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Radiation damage effects on the magnetic properties of Pu(1-x)Amx (x=0.224) SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID PLUTONIUM AB Pu(Am) is stable in the fcc delta-phase from a few atomic percent to nearly 80 atomic percent Am, expanding the average interatomic separation as the alloy concentration of Am increases. Both Pu and Am spontaneously decay by alpha-emission creating self-damage in the lattice in the form of vacancy-interstitial pairs and their aggregates. At sufficiently low temperatures, the damage is frozen in place, but can be removed by thermal annealing at sufficiently high temperatures, effectively resetting the system to an undamaged condition. The magnetic susceptibility and magnetization are observed to increase systematically as a function of accumulated damage in the fcc delta-Pu1-xAmx (x=0.224). Some results of these observations are reported here. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCall, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900013 ER PT S AU Haire, RG Heathman, S AF Haire, Richard G. Heathman, Stephen BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Using correlations to understand changes in actinide bonding SO ACTINIDES 2006-BASIC SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA DE bonding; electronic nature; roles of f-electrons ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; 5F ELECTRONS; DELTA-PU; PRESSURE; METALS; STABILITY; GPA AB An important issue in actinide science is the changing role of the 5f electrons, both when progressing across the series, as well as how experimental variables affect these roles in a particular element's chemistries and physics. The function of these 5f electrons can be changed by experimental conditions: temperature and pressure being two of many such variables. The 5f electrons of several actinide metals, their alloys and compounds are affected greatly by pressure, due to the very large decreases in interatomic distances encountered under pressure. The latter bring about significant changes in the total energy of the system and in the electronic energy levels, which in turn. affect the potential for overlap/hybridization) of their orbitals, promotion of electrons to other orbitals, etc. The physical state, temperature, pressure, specific structures, magnetic interactions and spin polarization effects are all critical parameters for bonding. Often correlations of behavior with these parameters can provide unique insights and understanding. into the bonding and the changes that occur in it. With the advancement of modem computation approaches using FPMTO, or other approaches, theory has enlightened greatly the understanding of not only the bonding behavior of these elements but also the understanding of changes observed experimentally. But these computational efforts have some complications and limitations, and at times experimental findings and theory are not always in full agreement. In contrast to the behaviors of the elements, changes observed with compounds often are not linked directly to the involvement of 5f electrons, due in part to the presence and bonding role of non-actinide atoms. The latter affect both the actinide interatomic distances and the type of electronic orbtals that interact. Presented here is an overview of the pressure behavior several actinide elements, some insights into the bonding behavior of compounds under pressure and selected correlations that help explain changes occurring in electronic configurations and bonding. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haire, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSD, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900015 ER PT S AU Saw, CK Wall, MA Chung, BW AF Saw, Cheng K. Wall, Mark A. Chung, Brandon W. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Changes in delta-plutonium due to aging as observed by continuous in-situ X-ray scattering SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB The aging in plutonium is predominantly caused by its internal self-irradiation. The self-irradiation in Pu-239 is by the decay process of transmuting the Pu atom into uranium atom and emitting an a-particle. Most of the lattice damage comes from the uranium recoil resulting in Frenkel-type defects consisting of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms, helium in-growth and defect clusters and possibly even though it is not yet observed, the generation. of voids. As part of the stockpile stewardship, it is important to understand the changes in the structure and microstructures and their correlations to the physical properties. Changes in the physical properties have a direct relationship to them quality of the structure, in terms of formation of defects and defect clustering, accumulation of voids, grain boundaries, phase changes and etc. which can adversely affect the stability of the material. These changes are very difficult to monitor because of the high activity of the sample, high atomic number making x-ray and synchrotron probe into the bulk very difficult (neutron probe is not feasible) and the long life time which normally requires decades to measure. In this paper we describe the development of an in-situ in-house transmission x-ray diffraction (XRD) experimental technique used to monitor the structural changes in these materials. This technique calls for a very thin sample of less that 2 gm and to accelerate the aging process due to self- irradiation, spiked alloy of 7.5 weight percent of Pu-238 is used. This is equivalent to roughly 17 times the normal rate of aging. Current results suggest that over a period of 2.8 equivalent years, an increase of 0.5% in unit cell parameter is observed. The increase appears to be an abrupt jump at about 1.1 equivalent years, brought about by the collapsing of the atoms from the interstitials to the lattice sites. Further data analysis is on the way. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MSTD CMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Saw, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MSTD CMS, 700 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900017 ER PT S AU Chung, BW Choi, B Saw, C Thompson, S Woods, C Hopkins, D Ebbinghaus, B AF Chung, Brandon W. Choi, Bill Saw, Cheng Thompson, Stephen Woods, Conrad Hopkins, David Ebbinghaus, Bartley BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Physical property changes in plutonium observed from accelerated aging using Pu-238 enrichment SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB We present changes in volume, immersion density, and tensile properties observed from accelerated aged plutonium alloys. Accelerated alloys (or spiked alloys) are plutonium alloys enriched with approximately 7.5 weight percent of the faster-decaying Pu-238 to accelerate the aging process by approximately 17 times the rate of unaged weapons-grade plutonium. After sixty equivalent years of aging on spiked alloys, the dilatometry shows the samples at 35 degrees C have swelled in volume by 0.15 to 0.17 % and now exhibit a near linear volume increase due to helium in-growth. The immersion density of spiked alloys shows a decrease in density, similar normalized volumetric changes (expansion) for spiked alloys. Tensile tests show increasing yield and engineering ultimate strength as spiked alloys are aged. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chung, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900018 ER PT S AU Hawley, ME Hill, MA Wang, YQ Schulze, RK AF Hawley, Marilyn E. Hill, Mary Ann Wang, Yongqiang Schulze, Roland K. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Uranium hydride formation study as observed by scanning surface potential imaging SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; WORK FUNCTION; C+ IMPLANTATION; KINETICS; N-2(+) AB Uranium is an extremely important material for commercial and military applications (i.e. nuclear power, nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, and armor systems) and, like a number of other materials, is vulnerable to corrosion by environmental gases that affect their properties, leading to component degradation, shortened lifetimes and materials failure. For uranium this is particularly true in the case of corrosion by hydrogen. A fundamental understanding of the corrosion process at the nucleation stage is of critical importance. The goal of this work is to study the role of common chemical impurities in uranium with initiation sites for the formation of destructive hydride blisters. After samples were implanted with various ions, they were first annealed under vacuum at 200 degrees C, and then exposed to one atm of ultra-pure hydrogen at 200 degrees C to accelerate the aging process. Scanning force microscopy surface potential imaging was used to characterize the structure and corresponding electrical properties of polycrystalline uranium surfaces that resulted from the implantation of different suspect atoms and exposure to hydrogen gas. Surface potential images revealed features related to different oxide structures, hydride spots/blisters, and other features not obvious in the corresponding topograph. In surface potential images, blisters appear as bright (higher potential) features in sharp contrast to the uranium oxide background. In a previous study possible inclusions were observed in the center of some blisters. Blister formation did not appear to correlate with implantation of any specific specie, however, distinct differences were seen between implanted and non-implanted sides of the same sample. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900019 ER PT S AU Zhou, JK Hsiung, LL AF Zhou, Jikou Hsiung, Luke L. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI Effects of long-term service on the aging behavior of a water-quenched U6Nb alloy SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID NB; CORROSION AB Microhardness testing and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the effects of long-term service on the aging behavior of a water-quenched U-6wt.% Nb alloy when subjected to isothermal aging at 200 degrees C. The original alpha'' phase in the WQ-U6Nb alloy is found to become partially ordered over 18 years of aging at ambient temperatures, i.e., natural aging, forming a microstructure that is featured by antiphase domain boundaries (APBs). When subsequently aged at 200 degrees C, an ordered phase U3Nb is precipitated through a nucleation-and-growth mechanism, suppressing spinodal decomposition that occurs when the water-quenched alloy is artificially aged at the same temperature. The different phase trans formation paths lead to different microhardness changes during artificial aging: the naturally aged alloy is more slowly hardened, but to a greater microhardness peak value. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900020 ER PT S AU Wilson, RE Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Wilson, Richard E. Skanthakumar, S. Soderholm, L. BE Blobaum, KJM Chandler, EA Havela, L Maple, MB Neu, MP TI The structures of polynuclear Th(IV) hydrolysis products SO Actinides 2006-Basic Science, Applications and Technology SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Actinides-Basic Science, Applications and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SOLUBILITY PRODUCT; SPECIATION; LIBD AB The hydrolysis chemistry of the tetravalent actinides is discussed based on recent studies with thorium. The coupling of high energy x-ray scattering and single crystal diffraction has provided insight into the structures of the polynuclear complexes formed by hydrolytic reactions of the tetravalent actinides. The success of these experiments with thorium presents many opportunities for the elucidation of the structures and thermodynamic quantities describing the dissolved polynuclear complexes of the heavier actinides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011 OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-943-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 986 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF48 UT WOS:000246441900023 ER PT B AU Onifer, AJ Gayley, KG AF Onifer, A. J. Gayley, K. G. BE Stefl, S Owocki, SP Okazaki, AT TI A conceptual analysis of mass loss in Wolf-Rayet winds SO Active OB-Stars: Laboratories for Stellar and Circumstellar Physics, Proceedings SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active OB-Stars - Laboratories for Stellar and Circumstellar Physics CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2005 CL Sapporo, JAPAN SP Hokkaido Univ, 21st Cent COE Program Topol Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Promot Sci ID LOSS RATES; STARS; OPACITY AB While Wolf-Rayet mass-loss rates have been well-modeled using detailed radiative transfer simulations, some conceptual uncertainties still remain, such as the maximum attainable driving efficiency. To complement detailed, but conceptually complex simulations we isolate specific wind properties to derive simple analytic models and study the effect frequency redistribution has on the mass-loss rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Onifer, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-29-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 361 BP 479 EP 481 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGD75 UT WOS:000246180400071 ER PT S AU Hu, XH Cao, JR Li, M Ye, Z Miyawaki, M Ho, KM AF Hu, Xinhua Cao, Jiangrong Li, Ming Ye, Zhuo Miyawaki, Mamoru Ho, Kai-Ming BE Weiss, SM Subramania, GS GarciaSantamaria, F TI Gain-scattering-matrix method for photonic crystal laser simulations - art. no. 66400I SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Crystals CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; NANOCAVITY; AMPLIFICATION; SYSTEM; MEDIA AB We derive a light-intensity-dependent dielectric constant for gain medium based on the conventional rate equation model. A scattering-matnix method in conjunction with an efficient iteration procedure is proposed to simulate photonic crystal lasers (PCLs). The light output vs pumping (L-I) curve, lasing mode profile, and chirping effect of lasing wavelength can be calculated. We check our method in a 1D DBR laser and the L-I curve agrees well with results by the rate equation model. Our method can be extended to 3D systems. More complex 2D and 3D PCLs will be simulated in the future. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cannon Dev Amer Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RP Hu, XH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Hu, Xinhua/A-5930-2010 OI Hu, Xinhua/0000-0003-3153-7612 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6788-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6640 BP I6400 EP I6400 DI 10.1117/12.740982 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX47 UT WOS:000251150800009 ER PT S AU Ellingson, WA Lipanovich, R Hopson, S Visher, R AF Ellingson, William A. Lipanovich, Rachel Hopson, Stacie Visher, Robert BE Zhu, D Schulz, U TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION METHODS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC COATINGS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID THERMAL BARRIER SYSTEMS; FAILURE AB Various high temperature ceramic coatings are under development for components for the hot gas path of gas turbine engines. These coatings are being developed for both metal and ceramic substrates.. Regardless of the coating system, environmental barrier coatings for ceramics or thermal barrier coatings for metals, there is a need to determine the condition of the coating as well as determine physical parameters such as thickness. Two laser-based, non-contact, nondestructive methods are being developed that provide information regarding the condition or "health" of the coating, including thickness variations. The elastic optical scatter (EOS) method has been demonstrated to correlate to spall conditions for thermal barrier coatings however there has been a question about sensitivity to surface features. The laser-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) method has been demonstrated to provide thickness measurements for thermal and environmental barrier coatings. Several well-controlled sample sets have been examined with these two NDE methods and extensive data have been acquired. The test methods, test samples, and results obtained to date showing correlations with destructive measurements are presented. C1 [Ellingson, William A.; Lipanovich, Rachel; Hopson, Stacie; Visher, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ellingson, WA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08053-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BRG37 UT WOS:000282671600019 ER PT S AU Sun, JG Benz, J Ellingson, WA Kimmel, JB Price, JR AF Sun, J. G. Benz, J. Ellingson, W. A. Kimmel, J. B. Price, J. R. BE Zhu, D Schulz, U TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS IN CFCC COMBUSTOR LINERS SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL AB Advanced combustor liners fabricated of SiC/SiC continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) and covered with environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) have been successfully tested in Solar Turbines Inc. field engines. The primary goal for the CFCC/EBC liners is to reach a 30,000-h lifetime. Because the EBCs, when applied on the hot surfaces of liners, protect the underlying CFCC from oxidation damage, their performance is critical in achieving the lifetime goal. To determine CFCC/EBC liner condition and assess operating damage, the liners were subjected to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) during various processing stages, as well as before and after the engine test. The NDE techniques included pulsed infrared thermal imaging, air-coupled ultrasonic scanning, and X-ray computerized tomography. It was found that EBC damage and spallation depend on the condition of the CFCC material. The NDE results and correlations with destructive examination are discussed. C1 [Sun, J. G.; Benz, J.; Ellingson, W. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08053-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BRG37 UT WOS:000282671600020 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Kim, JY Xia, G Coleman, J Yang, ZG AF Weil, K. Scott Kim, Jin Yong Xia, Gordon Coleman, Jim Yang, Z. Gary BE Zhu, D Schulz, U TI DEVELOPMENT OF BORIDIZED PASSIVATION LAYER FOR USE IN PEM FUEL CELLS BIPOLAR PLATES SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID DESIGN AB This paper outlines the development of a new low-cost materials concept for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Employing the roll bonding process to prepare a nickel clad steel laminate, the thin outer nickel layer is then passivated using a powder pack boridization technique. Results from energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that a relatively homogeneous Ni(3)B layer grows on the exposed surfaces of the nickel and that the thickness of this layer can be readily controlled through the time and temperature over which boridization takes place. At high boridization temperatures, >= 700 degrees C, and long periods of time, a Ni(2)B overlayer forms on top of the Ni(3)B. Preliminary exposure testing conducted at 80 degrees C for 300hrs in 1M H(2)SO(4) containing 2ppm HF demonstrates a significant increase in the corrosion resistance that is attributable to the boridization treatment. C1 [Weil, K. Scott; Kim, Jin Yong; Xia, Gordon; Coleman, Jim; Yang, Z. Gary] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08053-5 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BRG37 UT WOS:000282671600028 ER PT S AU Vianco, P Rejent, J Kilgo, A Martin, J AF Vianco, Paul Rejent, Jerome Kilgo, Alice Martin, Joseph BE Atluri, VP Sharan, S Wong, CP Frear, D TI Compression Creep Behavior of the 95.5Sn-(4.3,3.9,3.8)Ag-(0.2,0.6,0.7)Cu Solders SO Advanced Electronic Packaging SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Electronic Packaging held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 24-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LEAD-FREE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEGATIVE CREEP; ALLOYS; SN AB The compression creep properties were evaluated for the Pb-free solders 95.5Sn-4.3Ag-0.2Cu (wt.%), 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu, and 95.5Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu to determine the effects of small composition differences on time-dependent deformation. The test temperatures were -25 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 75 degrees C, 125 degrees C, and 160 degrees C. The nominal applied stresses were in the range of 2 - 45 MPa. Samples were tested in the as-fabricated condition as well as post-aged at 125 degrees C for 24 hours. Negative creep was recorded for all three alloy compositions. However, the extent of this phenomenon was sensitive to alloy composition and the aging treatment. Creep deformation resulted in the formation of coarsened-particle boundaries within the eutectic regions of the microstructure. The boundaries were comprised of Cu6Sn5 and, to a lesser extent, Ag3Sn particles. The minimum creep rate kinetics were evaluated for these solders. The sinh term exponent, n, was 4 - 6 for the Sn-Ag-0.2Cu and Sn-Ag-0.6Cu solders and 1 - 2 for the Sn-Ag-0.7Cu alloy. The apparent activation energy (Delta H) values were in the range of 30 - 70 kJ/mol for all alloys, indicating that a short-circuit or fast-diffusion mechanism controlled creep deformation. The aging treatment did not consistently alter the rate kinetics parameters amongst the alloys. Separating the minimum creep rate data into the low and high temperature regimes, [25 degrees C. 75 degrees C] and [75 degrees C, 160 degrees C], respectively, showed that bulk diffusion contributed to creep in the higher temperature regime. The Delta H values for the low temperature regime, which indicated that creep was dominated by a fast-diffusion mechanism, were sensitive to solder composition. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-925-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 968 BP 103 EP 116 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF40 UT WOS:000246428300013 ER PT J AU Alsem, DH Pierron, ON Stach, EA Muhlstein, CL Ritchie, RO AF Alsem, Daan Hein Pierron, Olivier N. Stach, Eric A. Muhlstein, Christopher L. Ritchie, Robert O. TI Mechanisms for fatigue of micron-scale silicon structural films SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYSILICON MEMS STRUCTURES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; THIN-FILMS; LOADING CONDITIONS; DRY OXIDATION; FRACTURE AB Although bulk silicon is not susceptible to fatigue, micron-scale silicon is. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this surprising behavior although the issue remains contentious. Here we review published fatigue results for micron-scale thin silicon films and find that in general they display similar trends, in that lower cyclic stresses result in larger number of cycles to failure in stress-lifetime data. We further show that one of two classes of mechanisms is invariably proposed to explain the phenomenon. The first class attributes fatigue to a surface effect caused by subcritical (stable) cracking in the silicon-oxide layer, e.g., reaction-layer fatigue; the second class proposes that subcritical cracking in the silicon itself is the cause of fatigue in Si films. It is our contention that results to date from single and polycrystalline silicon fatigue studies provide no convincing experimental evidence to support subcritical cracking in the silicon. Conversely, the reaction-layer mechanism is consistent with existing experimental results, and moreover provides a rational explanation for the marked difference between the fatigue behavior of bulk and micron-scale silicon. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Qualcomm MEMS Technol Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hearst Mem Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Pierron, Olivier/A-3474-2011; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X NR 67 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1002/adem.200600269 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 139OU UT WOS:000244442400006 ER PT S AU Chen, Q Biner, B AF Chen, Qian Biner, Bulent BE Wiezorek, J Fu, CL Takeyama, M Morris, D Clemens, H TI Evolution and interaction of dislocations in intermetallics: Fully anisotropic discrete dislocation dynamics simulations SO Advanced Intermetallic-Based Alloys SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Intermetallic-Based Alloys held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA AB In this study, the origin of large ductility that is seen in recently discovered rare-earth intermetallic compounds: YCu, YAg and YZn is explored by using fully anisotropic 3D dislocation dynamics simulations. The stability of the glide dislocations, the behavior of the Frank-Read sources and the strength of junctions are evaluated and compared to those seen for the common intermetallics, NiAl and Fe-25Al. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-937-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 980 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF46 UT WOS:000246437500016 ER PT S AU Morris, JR Ye, Y Krcmar, M Fu, CL AF Morris, James R. Ye, Yiying Krcmar, Maja Fu, Chong Long BE Wiezorek, J Fu, CL Takeyama, M Morris, D Clemens, H TI The role of phase stability in ductile, ordered B2 intermetallics SO ADVANCED INTERMETALLIC-BASED ALLOYS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Intermetallic-Based Alloys held at the 2006 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-30, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CUZR MARTENSITE; B2-TYPE COZR; ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; COMPOUND AB We discuss the underlying atomistic mechanism for experimentally observed large tensile ductility in various strongly ordered B2 intermetallic compounds. First-principles calculations demonstrate that all of the compounds exhibit little energy differences between the B2, B27 and B33 phases. These calculations relate observations of ductility in YAg, YCu and ZrCo to shape-memory materials including NiTi. One transformation pathway between the B2 and B33 phases establishes a connection between this phase competition, and stacking faults on the {011}(B2) plane. The low energy of such a stacking fault will lead to splitting of the b=<100> dislocations into b/2 partials, observed in ZrCo, TiCo, and in the B19' phase of NiTi. Calculations demonstrate that this pathway is competitive with the traditional pathway for NiTi. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-937-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 980 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BGF46 UT WOS:000246437500017 ER PT S AU Masuda-Jindo, K Vu, VH Turchi, PEA AF Masuda-Jindo, K. Vu Van Hung Turchi, P. E. A. BE Chang, YW Kim, NJ Lee, CS TI First Principles Calculations of Thermodynamic Quantities and Phase Diagrams of High Temperature BCC Ta-W and Mo-Ta Alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Inst Mat Engn Australia DE statistical moment method; cluster variation method; TB-LMTO method; coherent potential approximation; Ta-W and Mo-Ta alloys AB The thermodynamic properties of high temperature metals and alloys are studied using the statistical moment method, going beyond the quasi-harmonic approximations. Including the power moments of the atomic displacements up to the fourth order, the Helmholtz free energies and the related thermodynamic quantities are derived explicitly in closed analytic forms. The configurational entropy term is taken into account by using the tetrahedron cluster approximation of the cluster variation method (CVM). The energetics of the binary (Ta-W and Mo-Ta) alloys are treated within the framework of the first-principles TB-LMTO (tight-binding linear muffin tin orbital) method coupled to CPA (coherent potential approximation) and GPM (generalized perturbation method). The equilibrium phase diagrams are calculated for the refractory Ta-W and Mo-Ta bcc alloys. C1 [Masuda-Jindo, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Midori Ku, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. [Vu Van Hung] Hanoi Natl Pedagog Univ, Dept Phys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Turchi, P. E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Masuda-Jindo, K (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Midori Ku, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. EM kmjindo@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; bangvu57@yahoo.com; turchi1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-463-7 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2007 VL 26-28 BP 205 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.26-28.205 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BOP79 UT WOS:000277260000048 ER PT S AU Nie, JL Xiao, HY Zu, XT Gao, F AF Nie, J. L. Xiao, H. Y. Zu, X. T. Gao, Fei BE Chang, YW Kim, NJ Lee, CS TI First Principles Study on The Adsorption of Alkali Metal on C(100)(2x1) SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Inst Mat Engn Australia DE First principles; Diamond; Alkali metal; Work function ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; DIAMOND; SURFACE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB First-principles calculations based on density functional theory, using PW91 functional have been performed to study the adsorption of Alkali metal (AM) on C(100)(2x1) surface. The stable geometries, adsorption energies for all adsorption configurations have been calculated on half a monolayer and one monolayer. The preferred binding sites have been determined to be valley-bridge sites at the coverage of 0.5ML. At higher coverage of 1ML, two AM adsorbates were found to reside in pedestal site and valley-bridge site, respectively. Work function analysis showed that when AMs are adsorbed on C(100)(2x1) surface, the work function decreases linearly with increasing coverage and reaches a minimum at Theta=0.5ML. At higher coverage, the work function is increased again, which may be caused by depolarization effect of the adsorbate. C1 [Nie, J. L.; Xiao, H. Y.; Zu, X. T.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Zu, X. T.] Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nie, JL (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM jinlannie@uestc.edu.cn; hyxiao@uestc.edu.cn; xiaotaozu@yahoo.com; fei.gao@pnl.gov FU Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; NSAF Joint Foundation of China [10376006]; Sichuan Young Scientists Foundation [03ZQ026-059] FX This study was financially Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University and by the NSAF Joint Foundation of China (10376006) and by the Sichuan Young Scientists Foundation (03ZQ026-059). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-463-7 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2007 VL 26-28 BP 1341 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.26-28.1341 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BOP79 UT WOS:000277260000313 ER PT S AU Lowe, TC AF Lowe, Terry C. BE Zhang, D Pickering, K Gabbitas, B Cao, P Langdon, A Torrens, R Verbeek, J TI Enhancing fatigue properties of nanostructured metals and alloys SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING IV SE ADVANCED MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY DEC 10-13, 2006 CL Hamilton, NEW ZEALAND SP Titanox Dev Ltd, Royal Soc New Zealand, Soc Mat New Zealand Inc DE fatigue; crack propagation; crack initiation; nanocrystalline; nanostructures; nanocomposites; nanovoids; porosity; ultrafine grain; severe plastic deformation processing; small angle neutron scattering; crystal plasticity; molecular dynamics; embedded atom method ID ULTRAFINE-GRAINED METALS; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LIFE; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH; IMPROVEMENT; EVOLUTION AB Recent research on the fatigue properties of nanostructured metals and alloys has shown that they generally possess superior high cycle fatigue performance due largely to improved resistance to crack initiation. However, this advantage is not consistent for all nanostructured metals, nor does it extend to low cycle fatigue. Since nanostructures are designed and controlled at the approximately the same size scale as the defects that influence crack initiation attention to preexisting nanoscale defects is critical for enhancing fatigue life. This paper builds on the state of knowledge of fatigue in nanostructured metals and proposes an approach to understand and improve fatigue life using existing experimental and computational methods for nanostructure design. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lowe, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-466-8 J9 ADV MAT RES PY 2007 VL 29-30 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BHL90 UT WOS:000254167500025 ER PT J AU Rath, BB Marder, JM AF Rath, Bhakta B. Marder, James M. TI Powering the future - Does the fuel gage read empty? SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Access to energy at reasonable cost is today's overriding global challenge, and it will become more urgent as more nations enter the developed world. This is the first of a series of articles to discuss the many,possible solutions. C1 ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Marder, JM (reprint author), ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. EM jim.marder@asminternational.org NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 165 IS 1 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 126YJ UT WOS:000243551200002 ER PT J AU Cole, E AF Cole, Edward TI Larry Wagner: 2006-2007 President of ASM International SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cole, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 165 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 126YJ UT WOS:000243551200007 ER PT J AU Ferris, KF Peurrung, LM Marder, J AF Ferris, Kim F. Peurrung, Loni M. Marder, James TI Materials informatics: Fast track to new materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Materials informatics offers a structured environment to handle both the volume and complexity of data, providing "next-step" guidance and more-detailed analysis of potential candidates. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH USA. RP Ferris, KF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kim.ferris@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 165 IS 1 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 126YJ UT WOS:000243551200008 ER PT S AU Cruz-Cabrera, AA Kemme, SA Wendt, JR Kielpinski, D Streed, EW Carter, TR Samora, S AF Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Kemme, S. A. Wendt, J. R. Kielpinski, D. Streed, E. W. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. BE Hasan, ZU Craig, AE Shahriar, SM Coufal, HJ TI High efficiency DOEs at large diffraction angles for quantum information and computing architectures - art. no. 648209 SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diffractive; numerical aperture; efficiency; blazed arating; ion-trap optics; optics for quantum information AB We developed techniques to design higher efficiency diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with large numerical apertures (NA) for quantum computing and quantum information processing. Large NA optics encompass large solid angles and thus have high collection efficiencies. Qubits in ion trap architectures are commonly addressed and read by lasers(1). Large-scale ion-trap quantum computing(2) Will therefore require highly parallel optical interconnects. Qubit readout in these systems requires detecting fluorescence from the nearly isotropic radiation pattern of single ions, so efficient readout requires optical interconnects with high numerical aperture. Diffractive optical element fabrication is relatively mature and utilizes lithography to produce arrays compatible with large-scale ion-trap quantum computer architectures. The primary challenge of DOEs is the loss associated with diffraction efficiency. This is due to requirements for large deflection angles, which leads to extremely small feature sizes in the outer zone of the DOE. If the period of the diffractive is between) (the free space wavelength) and 10 lambda, the element functions in the vector regime. DOEs in this regime, particularly between 1.5 lambda and 4 lambda, have significant coupling to unwanted diffractive orders, reducing the performance of the lens. Furthermore, the optimal depth of the zones with periods in the vector regime differs from the overall depth of the DOE. We will present results indicating the unique behaviors around the 1.5 lambda and 4 lambda periods and methods to improve the DOE performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cruz-Cabrera, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Streed, Erik/B-4682-2015; OI Streed, Erik/0000-0001-6234-4560; Kielpinski, David/0000-0002-2816-6892 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6595-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6482 BP 48209 EP 48209 AR 648209 DI 10.1117/12.702133 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGF12 UT WOS:000246396000007 ER PT S AU Parke, S AF Parke, Stephen BE Miranda, O Carbajal, M Montano, LM RosasOrtiz, O Velazquez, SAT TI Neutrinos: In and out of the standard model SO ADVANCED SUMMER SCHOOL IN PHYSICS 2006: FRONTIERS IN CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Summer School in Physics CY JUL 10-14, 2006 CL Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, MEXICO SP CONACyT, Acad Mexicana Ciencias, Fdn Mexico Estados Unidos Ciencia HO Centro Investigac & Estudios Avanzados ID DECAY AB The particle physics Standard Model has been tremendously successful in predicting the outcome of a large number of experiments. In this model Neutrinos are massless. Yet recent evidence points to the fact that neutrinos are massive particles with tiny masses compared to the other particles in the Standard Model. These tiny masses allow the neutrinos to change flavor and oscillate. In this series of Lectures, I will review the properties of Neutrinos In the Standard Model and then discuss the physics of Neutrinos Beyond the Standard Model. Topics to be covered include Neutrino Flavor Transformations and Oscillations, Majorana versus Dirac Neutrino Masses, the Seesaw Mechanism and Leptogenesis. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Parke, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM parke@fnal.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0385-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 885 BP 69 EP 84 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BFY80 UT WOS:000245468900010 ER PT S AU Lee, LS Carmosini, N Sassman, SA Dion, HM Sepulveda, MS AF Lee, Linda S. Carmosini, Nadia Sassman, Stephen A. Dion, Heather M. Sepulveda, Maria S. BE Sparks, DL TI Agricultural contributions of antimicrobials and hormones on soil and water quality SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 93 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; GROWTH PROMOTER 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SYNTHETIC STEROID ESTROGENS; CATTLE FEEDLOT EFFLUENT AB Detection of many emerging chemicals of concern, including antimicrobials and steroid hormones, in the environment has increased in the past decade with the advancement of analytical techniques. There are several potential sources of these inputs, including municipal wastewater discharge, municipal biosolids, pharmaceutical production, and agriculture-related activities. However, the heavy use of antibiotics in the livestock industry and the dramatic shift in recent years toward more highly concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), thus a concomitant increase in the volume of animal wastes per unit of land, has drawn attention to the role of animal waste-borne antimicrobials, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and steroid hormones on ecosystem and human health. Antimicrobials, although frequently detected, are typically present in water at concentrations in orders of magnitude below what would be considered inhibitory to most biota. Most antibiotics have a high affinity for soil and sediment, thus residual soil concentrations are usually much higher than noted in water but still often below concentrations of concern. The focal point with antibiotic use in animal production is the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although there is a growing body of evidence of the presence of numerous antibiotic-resistant genes in animal wastes, in soils where wastes are land applied, and in water bodies receiving runoff from manure-amended fields or discharges from aquacultures, conclusive evidence of animal-derived antibiotic-resistant pathogens compromising human health is lacking. In contrast to antibiotics, hormones and related chemicals can cause significant biological responses at very low concentrations. CAFO discharges will include a variety of estrogens, natural and synthetic androgens and progesterones, and phytoestrogens associated with animal feed. Measurable concentrations of many of these hormones have been detected in soil, and ground and surface waters receiving runoff from fields fertilized with animal manure and downstream from farm animal operations. Overall, hormones appear to be moderately to highly sorbed and to dissipate quickly in an aerobic soil environment, but quantitative information on hormone persistence in manure-applied fields and subsequent effects of hormone loads from CAFOs to the aquatic environment is lacking. Research directed toward evaluating the facilitated transport processes with regards to antimicrobial and hormone inputs from manure-amended fields is in its infancy. With the advances in analytical techniques and what has already been learned with regards to transport of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon) and pesticides from agricultural fields, a reasonable evaluation of CAFOs and associated activities (land application of animal wastes) should be forthcoming in the next decade. Meanwhile, implementation of management practices that optimize reduction in already regulated nutrient releases from CAFOs should also help to minimize the release of antimicrobials and hormones. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Nonproliferat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lee, LS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 265 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 18 U2 138 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 978-0-12-373987-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2007 VL 93 BP 1 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(06)93001-6 PG 68 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BGC26 UT WOS:000245982500001 ER PT S AU Spencer, VA Xu, R Bissell, MJ AF Spencer, Virginia A. Xu, Ren Bissell, Mina J. BE VandeWoude, GF Klein, G TI Extracellular matrix, nuclear and chromatin structure, and gene expression in normal tissues and malignant tumors: A work in progress SO ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH, VOL 97 SE Advances in Cancer Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; ABL TYROSINE KINASE; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; C-ABL; 3-DIMENSIONAL ORGANIZATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; CELLULAR-DIFFERENTIATION; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS AB Almost three decades ago, we presented a model where the extracellular matrix (ECM) was postulated to influence gene expression and tissue-specificity through the action of ECM receptors and the cytoskeleton. This hypothesis implied that ECM molecules could signal to the nucleus and that the unit of function in higher organisms was not the cell alone, but the cell plus its microenvironment. We now know that ECM invokes changes in tissue and organ architecture and that tissue, cell, nuclear, and chromatin structure are changed profoundly as a result of and during malignant progression. Whereas some evidence has been generated for a link between ECM-induced alterations in tissue architecture and changes in both nuclear and chromatin organization, the manner by which these changes actively induce or repress gene expression in normal and malignant cells is a topic in need of further attention. Here, we will discuss some key findings that may provide insights into mechanisms through which ECM could influence gene transcription and how tumor cells acquire the ability to overcome these levels of control. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spencer, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-13] NR 89 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-230X BN 978-0-12-006697-1 J9 ADV CANCER RES JI Adv.Cancer Res. PY 2007 VL 97 BP 275 EP + DI 10.1016/S0065-230X(06)97012-2 PG 22 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA BGB60 UT WOS:000245920000012 PM 17419950 ER PT S AU Stair, PC AF Stair, P. C. BE Gates, BC Knozinger, H TI The Application of UV Raman Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Catalysts and Catalytic Reactions SO ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS, VOL 51 SE Advances in Catalysis LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID 260-NM ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ZEOLITE H-MFI; RESONANCE RAMAN; LASER-RAMAN; OXIDE SURFACES; COKE FORMATION; NOX REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITES; IN-SITU; DEGRADED POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE) AB Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of solid catalysts. When the excitation wavelength is below 260 nm, the Raman peaks typically appear at shorter wavelengths than fluorescence, which would otherwise obscure the spectrum. This advantage is particularly useful for zeolite materials, which have traditionally been difficult to characterize with Raman spectroscopy. With a fluidized-bed reactor, it is possible to perform experiments with thermally and photochemically sensitive adsorbed species or even under catalytic reaction conditions, without interference from laser-induced sample decomposition. Resonance enhancement provides the opportunity to probe specific components in a heterogeneous mixture and to increase band intensities above the detection limit for weak signals. This feature is demonstrated for VOx/alumina as a function of vanadium loading and for Fe/MFI catalysts. The spectra of adsorbed benzene demonstrate the ability of resonance Raman spectroscopy to detect subtle distortions in the benzene structure. Furthermore, the UV Raman spectra of coke formed during catalytic hydrocarbon conversions are shown to be diagnostic of the coke topology. C1 [Stair, P. C.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Stair, P. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stair, PC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-97ER14789, DE-FG02-03ER15457] FX Financial support of this work was provided by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Contracts DE-FG02-97ER14789 and DE-FG02-03ER15457. The many contributions by the author's students and postdoctoral associates, especially Yek Tann Chua, Guang Xiong, Hack-Sung Kim, Zili Wu, Chao Zhang, and Paula Allotta and the collaboration with Can Li on the first UV Raman measurements of catalysts are gratefully acknowledged. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0360-0564 BN 978-0-12-373897-4 J9 ADV CATAL JI Adv. Catal. PY 2007 VL 51 BP 75 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0360-0564(06)51002-8 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BIJ90 UT WOS:000260167000002 ER PT S AU Wereszczak, AA Johanns, KE AF Wereszczak, A. A. Johanns, K. E. BE Franks, LP Wereszczak, A LaraCurzio, E TI SPHERICAL INDENTATION OF SiC SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div ID SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMICS; DEFORMATION AB Instrumented Hertzian indentation testing was performed on several grades of SiCs and the results and preliminary interpretations are presented. The grades included hot-pressed and sintered compositions. One of the hot-pressed grades was additionally subjected to high temperature heat treatment to produce a coarsened grain microstructure to enable the examination of exaggerated grain size on indentation response. Diamond spherical indenters were used in the testing. Indentation load, indentation depth of penetration, and acoustic activity were continually measured during each indentation test. Indentation response and postmortem analysis of induced damage (e.g., ring/cone, radial and median cracking, quasi-plasticity) are compared as a function of grain size. For the case of SiC-N, the instrumented spherical indentation showed that yielding initiated at an average contact stress 12-13 GPa and that there was another event (i.e., a noticeable rate increase in compliance probably associated with extensive ring and radial crack formations) occurring around an estimated average contact stress of 19 GPa. C1 [Wereszczak, A. A.; Johanns, K. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08057-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 7 BP 43 EP 57 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BSL04 UT WOS:000284804200005 ER PT S AU Wereszczak, AA AF Wereszczak, A. A. BE Franks, LP Wereszczak, A LaraCurzio, E TI ELASTIC PROPERTY DETERMINATION OF WC SPHERES AND ESTIMATION OF COMPRESSIVE LOADS AND IMPACT VELOCITIES THAT INITIATE THEIR YIELDING AND CRACKING SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div AB Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) was used to determine the elastic constants E, G, and v of 6.35 mm diameter spheres of high purity WC (Roc500), WC-6%Co, and WC-12%Co. Two of the three elastic constants were independently determined using RUS; consequently, the determination of the third elastic constant proceeded without needing to assume a value for any one of the three. Secondly, 500g Vickers hardness was measured with each of the three compositions, and compressive loads and impact velocities to initiate yielding and cracking in the spheres were estimated from the combination of finite element analysis, the elastic properties measured from the RUS analysis, the measured hardnesses, and assumed tensile strengths for the WC compositions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08057-3 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 7 BP 211 EP 223 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BSL04 UT WOS:000284804200019 ER PT S AU Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF Goldfield, Evelyn M. Gray, Stephen K. BE Rice, SA TI QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 136 SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID TOTAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPECTRAL DIFFERENCE-METHODS; WAVE-PACKET PROPAGATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; REACTION PROBABILITIES C1 [Goldfield, Evelyn M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goldfield, EM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0315113] FX We have greatly benefited from collaborations and general scientific discussions with several individuals. The RWP method was developed in close collaboration with Professor Gabriel G. Balint-Kurti. Several challenging applications of the method were also carried out in collaboration with him. We were fortunate to have two collaborators with remarkable intellectual skills, both in terms of chemical physics and computer science. Anthony Meijer applied the Coriolis-coupled parallel method to the challenging H +O2 reaction. Dmitry M. Medvedev championed much of the parallel four-atom work described here. This work was Supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and by the National Science Foundation, CHE-0315113. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-68232-5 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2007 VL 136 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1002/9780470175422.ch1 PG 37 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK81 UT WOS:000266721700001 ER PT S AU Thakur, R Gropp, W AF Thakur, Rajeev Gropp, William BE Choi, L Paek, Y Cho, S TI Open issues in MPI implementation SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Asia-Pacific Computer Systems Architecture Conference (ACSAC 2007) CY AUG 23-25, 2007 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Univ ID COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS AB MPI (the Message Passing Interface) continues to be the dominant programming model for parallel machines of all sizes, from small Linux clusters to the largest parallel supercomputers such as IBM Blue Gene/L and Cray XT3. Although the MPI standard was released more than 10 years ago and a number of implementations of MPI are available from both vendors and research groups, MPI implementations still need improvement in many areas. In this paper, we discuss several such areas, including performance, scalability, fault tolerance, support for debugging and verification, topology awareness, collective communication, derived datatypes, and parallel I/O. We also present results from experiments with several MPI implementations (MPICH2, Open MPI, Sun, IBM) on a number of platforms (Linux clusters, Sun and IBM SMPs) that demonstrate the need for performance improvement in one-sided communication and support for multithreaded programs. C1 [Thakur, Rajeev; Gropp, William] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thakur@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research,Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74308-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4697 BP 327 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ82 UT WOS:000249815200029 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Chebeskov, AN Dyer, JS Edmunds, TA Jia, JM Oussanov, VI AF Butler, John C. Chebeskov, Alexander N. Dyer, James S. Edmunds, Thomas A. Jia, Jianmin Oussanov, Vladimir I. BE Edwards, W Miles, RF VonWinterfeldt, D TI The Adoption of Multiattribute Utility Theory for the Evaluation of Plutonium Disposition Options in the United States and Russia SO ADVANCES IN DECISION ANALYSIS: FROM FOUNDATIONS TO APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB At the end of the Cold War, the United States and Russia entered into agreements that reduced the numbers of nuclear weapons in their arsenals. The possibility that excess plutonium recovered from dismantled weapons could fall into the hands of terrorists has been characterized as a "clear and present danger" by the National Academy of Sciences. Other disposition considerations include plutonium's potential for use as an energy source and its environmental impacts. A team of U.S. decision analysts was commissioned by the Department of Energy's Office of Fissile Materials Disposition to develop a multiattribute utility model to help evaluate alternatives for the disposition of the excess-weapons plutonium. Subsequent to the U.S. study, Russian scientists modified the model with the aid of the U.S. team, and used it to evaluate Russian disposition alternatives. C1 [Butler, John C.] Tulane Univ, AB Freeman Sch Business, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Chebeskov, Alexander N.; Oussanov, Vladimir I.] State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Inst Phys & Power Engn, Moscow, Russia. [Dyer, James S.] Univ Texas Austin, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Edmunds, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst & Decis Sci Sect, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jia, Jianmin] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Business Adm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Tulane Univ, AB Freeman Sch Business, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-52186-368-1 PY 2007 BP 489 EP 513 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511611308.025 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511611308 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BXL31 UT WOS:000296286100025 ER PT S AU Endicott-Popovsky, B Chee, B Frincke, D AF Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara Chee, Brian Frincke, Deborah BE Craiger, P Shenoi, S TI Calibration testing of network tap devices SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSIC III SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 28-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Int Federat Informat Proc WG 11 9 DE network forensics; aggregating tap; calibration; baseline testing AB Understanding the behavior of network forensic devices is important to support prosecutions of malicious conduct on computer networks as well as legal remedies for false accusations of network management negligence. Individuals who seek to establish the credibility of network forensic data must speak competently about how the data was gathered and the potential for data loss. Unfortunately, manufacturers rarely provide information about the performance of low-layer network devices at a level that will survive legal challenges. This paper proposes a first step toward an independent calibration standard by establishing a validation testing methodology for evaluating forensic taps against manufacturer specifications. The methodology and the theoretical analysis that led to its development are offered as a conceptual framework for developing a standard and to "operationalize" network forensic readiness. This paper also provides details of an exemplar test, testing environment, procedures and results. C1 [Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara] Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chee, Brian] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Adv Network Comp Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. [Frincke, Deborah] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Cyber Secur Res, Div Comp Sci, Richland, WA USA. RP Endicott-Popovsky, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73741-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 242 BP 3 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ11 UT WOS:000249667100001 ER PT J AU Weber, AZ Newman, J AF Weber, Adam Z. Newman, John BE Zhao, TS Kreuer, KD VanNguyen, T TI MACROSCOPIC MODELING OF POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES SO ADVANCES IN FUEL CELLS, VOL 1 SE Advances in Fuel Cells LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PEM-FUEL-CELLS; ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANES; LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; INTERDIGITATED FLOW-FIELDS; HIGH HUMIDITY CONDITIONS; GENERAL ENERGY-BALANCE; CATHODE CATALYST LAYER; MASS-TRANSPORT AB In this chapter, the various approaches to the macroscopic modeling of transport phenomena in polymer-electrolyte membranes are discussed. This includes general background and modeling methodologies, as well as exploration of the governing equations and some membrane-related topic of interest. C1 [Weber, Adam Z.; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624 NR 243 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER NORTH HOLLAND PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-047100-6 J9 ADV FUEL CELL PY 2007 VL 1 BP 47 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S1752-301X(07)80007-X PG 71 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BCU06 UT WOS:000311390000003 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Pivovar, BS AF Kim, Yu Seung Pivovar, Bryan S. BE Zhao, TS Kreuer, KD VanNguyen, T TI POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS SO ADVANCES IN FUEL CELLS, VOL 1 SE Advances in Fuel Cells LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); CONDUCTING COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANES; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) MEMBRANES; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; BLOCK-COPOLYMER IONOMERS; NAFION MEMBRANES; ELECTROOSMOTIC DRAG AB This review addresses polymer electrolytes that have been demonstrated in direct methanol fuel cells. This work reviews the material requirements of polymer electrolytes and gives an exhaustive overview of the polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) investigated specifically for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). This chapter then provides a framework for interpreting the reported performance and potential of PEMs in DMFC applications. Finally, this review presents and compares currently reported performance of DMFCs, particularly those using alternative membranes with some discussion of future research directions. C1 [Kim, Yu Seung; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA-11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 265 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER NORTH HOLLAND PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-047100-6 J9 ADV FUEL CELL PY 2007 VL 1 BP 187 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S1752-301X(07)80009-3 PG 48 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BCU06 UT WOS:000311390000005 ER PT S AU Huang, LJ AF Huang, Lianjie BE Wu, RS Maupin, V TI A lattice Boltzmann approach to acoustic-wave propagation SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 48: ADVANCES IN WAVE PROPAGATION IN HETEROGENEOUS EARTH SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE acoustic-wave propagation; heterogeneous media; lattice Boltzmann; modeling; phononic lattice solid; sharp interface ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON FLUIDS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; GAS AUTOMATA; NONLINEAR INVERSION; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; ELASTIC INVERSION; SEISMIC DATA; P-WAVES AB It is difficult for simplified or approximated numerical modeling methods to accurately simulate complex wave phenomena. I present a lattice Boltzmann-based method for accurately modeling acoustic-wave propagation in strongly heterogeneous media. Rather than solving a partial-differential wave equation in a continuous medium, the lattice Boltzmann-based method directly simulates the physical processes of wave propagation: transportation, reflection, transmission, and collision of quasi-particles carrying pressure on a discrete lattice. It can accurately handle sharp interfaces at any locations along lattice links, and total reflections from free surfaces or empty bubbles, which are particularly difficult for classical finite-difference wave-equation methods to handle. The lattice Boltzmann-based method provides an accurate numerical modeling tool for simulating complex wave phenomena in strongly heterogeneous media containing complex geometrical shapes of sharp interfaces. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Mail Stop D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 0-12-018850-3 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 48 BP 517 EP 559 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(06)48009-2 PG 43 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFN11 UT WOS:000243217300009 ER PT S AU Sato, H Fehler, MC AF Sato, Haruo Fehler, Michael C. BE Wu, RS Maupin, V TI Synthesis of seismogram envelopes in heterogeneous media SO ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS, VOL 48: ADVANCES IN WAVE PROPAGATION IN HETEROGENEOUS EARTH SE Advances in Geophysics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE seismology; coda waves; heterogeneity; scattering; random media ID RANDOMLY INHOMOGENEOUS LITHOSPHERE; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE SEISMIC EXPERIMENT; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ENERGY-FLUX MODEL; POWER-LAW SPECTRA; 2D RANDOM-MEDIA; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PARABOLIC APPROXIMATION; NONISOTROPIC SCATTERING AB Wave trains in high-frequency seismograms of local earthquakes are mostly composed of incoherent waves that are scattered by distributed heterogeneities. Their waveforms are very complex and significantly different from those computed for conventional layered structures; however, their envelopes are repeatable, frequency dependent, and vary regionally. Well-logs obtained from deep boreholes show random fluctuations of medium properties superposed over a layered background structure. Recognizing the complexity of seismograms and Earth inhomogeneity, seismologists often focus on understanding envelopes of band-pass filtered traces rather than on unfiltered waveforms. Stochastic approaches are superior to deterministic wave-theoretical approaches for modeling wave envelopes in random media. There are several methods to predict how envelopes vary with travel distance and frequency depending on the power spectra of random media. As the most tractable case, this chapter precisely examines scalar wave propagation in 2-D random media for an impulsive wavelet isotropically radiated from a point source. We mainly discuss three methods: the Markov approximation method, the isotropic scattering model based on the radiative transfer theory, and a hybrid method. By using reference envelopes simulated by stochastic averaging of waveforms calculated using the finite difference method, the three methods for direct envelope simulation are tested. Random medium having Gaussian auto-correlation function with correlation distance Ion-er than the seismic wavelength is a simple case to analyze because it is dominated by forward scattering. For this case, we mathematically introduce the Markov approximation method, which directly and reliably predicts wave envelopes based on the parabolic wave equation and an extension of the phase screen method. Then, we examine the validity of the Markov approximation for the case of von Karman-type random media having realistic power-law spectrum as an asymptote. The envelopes predicted by the Markov approximation satisfactorily explain the reference envelopes for random media having weak short wavelength spectra, which are also dominated by forward scattering. For the case of media with strong short wavelength spectra, however, the coincidence is good around the peak amplitude but becomes poor for the coda portion because of wide-angle scattering. In that case, the isotropic scattering model based on radiative transfer theory well explains the coda portion of the reference envelopes, where the momentum transfer scattering coefficient is used as the effective isotropic scattering coefficient. Introducing a hybrid method using the momentum transfer scattering coefficient and the envelope predicted by the Markov approximation as a propagator in the radiative transfer integral equation for isotropic scattering process, we successfully simulate wave envelopes well explaining the reference envelopes from onset to coda for the case of rich short wavelength spectra. It will be necessary to develop envelope simulation methods for vector elastic waves in 3-D random media for a wide range of frequencies for the study of Earth inhomogeneity from the analysis of seismograms. The hybrid method proposed here could be one of mathematical bases for these developments. C1 Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sato, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2687 BN 0-12-018850-3 J9 ADV GEOPHYS JI Adv. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 48 BP 561 EP 596 DI 10.1016/S0065-2687(06)48010-9 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BFN11 UT WOS:000243217300010 ER PT S AU Parish, CM Russell, PE AF Parish, Chad M. Russell, Phillip E. BE Hawkes, P TI Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 147 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; TIME-RESOLVED CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; EPITAXIAL LATERAL OVERGROWTH; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE C1 [Parish, Chad M.; Russell, Phillip E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Parish, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013 NR 257 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-373909-4 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2007 VL 147 BP 1 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(07)47001-X PG 135 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQB40 UT WOS:000280565200002 ER PT S AU Moyer, BA Delmau, LH Fowler, CJ Ruas, A Bostick, DA Sessler, JL Katayev, E Pantos, GD Llinares, JM Hossain, A Kang, SO Bowman-James, K AF Moyer, Bruce A. Delmau, Laetitia H. Fowler, Christopher J. Ruas, Alexandre Bostick, Debra A. Sessler, Jonathan L. Katayev, Evgeny Pantos, G. Dan Llinares, Jose M. Hossain, Alamgir Kang, Sung O. Bowman-James, Kristin BE VanEldik, R BowmanJames, K TI Supramolecular chemistry of environmentally relevant anions SO ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: INCLUDING BIOINORGANIC STUDIES, VOL 59: TEMPLATE EFFECTS AND MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION SE Advances in Inorganic Chemistry LA English DT Review CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Fuel Chem Div, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Chem Div ID PSEUDO-HYDROXIDE EXTRACTION; ION-PAIR EXTRACTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; RECOGNITION PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE ELECTRODES; HOFMEISTER BIAS; BINDING AGENTS; TANK WASTE; CESIUM; MACROCYCLES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 4500S,MS-6119,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kataev, Evgeny/F-8685-2011; Pantoș, Dan/B-2352-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Kataev, Evgeny/0000-0003-4007-8489; Pantoș, Dan/0000-0003-2200-550X; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 85 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0898-8838 BN 0-12-023659-1 J9 ADV INORG CHEM JI Adv. Inorg. Chem. PY 2007 VL 59 BP 175 EP 204 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BFN72 UT WOS:000243346400005 ER PT S AU Assoufid, L Qian, J Kewish, CM Liu, C Conley, R Macrander, AT Lindley, D Saxer, C AF Assoufid, Lahsen Qian, Jun Kewish, Cameron M. Liu, Chian Conley, Ray Macrander, Albert T. Lindley, Delvin Saxer, Christopher BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI A microstitching interferometer for evaluating the surface profile of precisely figured hard X-ray K-B mirrors - art. no. 670406 SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microstitching; elliptical x-ray mirror; profile-coating; Long Trace Profiler ID KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ MIRRORS; STITCHING INTERFEROMETRY; FABRICATION; METROLOGY; OPTICS; NM AB Fabrication and evaluation of elliptical X-ray mirrors, such as Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirrors produced by the profile-coating technique, requires accurate surface figure measurements over a wide range of spatial frequencies. Microstitching interferometry has proven to fulfill this requirement for length scales from a few gm up to the full mirror length. At the Advanced Photon Source, a state-of-the-art microroughness microscope interferometer that incorporates advanced microstitching capability has been used to obtain measurements of profile-coated elliptical K-B mirrors. The stitched surface height data provide previously unattainable resolution and reproducibility, which has facilitated the fabrication of ultrasmooth (< 1 nm rms residual height) profile-coated mirrors, whose hard X-ray focusing performance is expected to approach the diffraction limit. This paper describes the system capabilities and limitations. Results of measurements obtained with it will be discussed and compared with those obtained with the Long Trace Profiler. C1 [Assoufid, Lahsen; Qian, Jun; Kewish, Cameron M.; Liu, Chian; Conley, Ray; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Assoufid, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059; NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP 70406 EP 70406 DI 10.1117/12.736384 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600005 ER PT S AU Yashchuk, VV McKinney, WR Takacs, PZ AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. McKinney, Wayne R. Takacs, Peter Z. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Binary pseudo-random grating as a standard test surface for measurement of modulation transfer function of interferometric microscopes - art. no. 670408 SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE standard test surface; interferometric microscope; modulation transfer function; power spectral density; optical metrology; calibration; error reduction ID CROSS-CORRELATION CHOPPER; OPTICS AB The task of designing high performance X-ray optical systems requires the development of sophisticated X-ray scattering calculations based on rigorous information about the optics. One of the most insightful approaches to these calculations is based on the power spectral density (PSD) distribution of the surface height. The major problem of measurement of a PSD distribution with an interferometric and/or atomic force microscope arises due to the unknown Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the instruments. The MTF characterizes the perturbation of the PSD distribution at higher spatial frequencies. Here, we describe a new method and dedicated test surfaces for calibration of the MTF of a microscope. The method is based on use of a specially designed Binary Pseudo-random (BPR) grating. Comparison of a theoretically calculated PSD spectrum of a BPR grating with a spectrum measured with the grating provides the desired calibration of the instrumental MTF. The theoretical background of the method, as well as results of experimental investigations are presented. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; McKinney, Wayne R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP 70408 EP 70408 DI 10.1117/12.732557 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600007 ER PT S AU Kirschman, JL Domning, EE Morrison, GY Smith, BV Yashchuk, VV AF Kirschman, Jonathan L. Domning, Edward E. Morrison, Gregory Y. Smith, Brian V. Yashchuk, Valerly V. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Precision tiltmeter as a reference for slope measuring instruments - art. no. 670409 SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE tiltmeter; slope measuring instrument; long trace profiler; LTP; error reduction; reference; X-ray optics; optical metrology ID LONG TRACE PROFILER AB The next generation of synchrotrons and free electron lasers require extremely high-performance x-ray optical systems for proper focusing. The necessary optics cannot be fabricated without the use of precise optical metrology instrumentation. In particular, the Long Trace Profiler (LTP) based on the pencil-beam interferometer is a valuable tool for low-spatial-frequency slope measurement with x-ray optics. The limitations of such a device are set by the amount of systematic errors and noise. A significant improvement of LTP performance was the addition of an optical reference channel, which allowed to partially account for systematic errors associated with wiggling and wobbling of the LTP carriage. However, the optical reference is affected by changing optical path length, non-homogenous optics, and air turbulence. In the present work, we experimentally investigate the questions related to the use of a precision tiltmeter as a reference channel. Dependence of the tiltmeter performance on horizontal acceleration, temperature drift, motion regime, and kinematical scheme of the translation stage has been investigated. It is shown that at an appropriate experimental arrangement, the tiltmeter provides a slope reference for the LTP system with accuracy on the level of 0.1 mu rad (rms). C1 [Kirschman, Jonathan L.; Domning, Edward E.; Morrison, Gregory Y.; Smith, Brian V.; Yashchuk, Valerly V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kirschman, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP 70409 EP 70409 DI 10.1117/12.732610 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600008 ER PT S AU Yashchuk, VV McKinney, WR Warwick, T Noll, T Siewert, F Zeschke, T Geckeler, RD AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. McKinney, Wayne R. Warwick, Tony Noll, Tino Siewert, Frank Zeschke, Thomas Geckeler, Ralf D. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Proposal for a universal test mirror for characterization of slope measuring instruments - art. no. 67040A SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE slope measuring instrument; long trace profiler; LTP; calibration; systematic error reduction; test mirror ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR REDUCTION; PRECISION CALIBRATION; PENTA-PRISM; IMPROVEMENTS; ACCURACY; OPTICS AB The development of third generation light sources like the Advanced Light Source (ALS) or BESSY 11 brought to a focus the need for high performance synchrotron optics with unprecedented tolerances for slope error and micro roughness. Proposed beam lines at Free Electron Lasers (FEL) require optical elements up to a length of one meter, characterized by a residual slope error in the range of 0.1 mu rad (rms), and rms values of 0.1 nm for micro roughness. These optical elements must be inspected by highly accurate measuring instruments, providing a measurement uncertainty lower than the specified accuracy of the surface under test. It is essential that metrology devices in use at synchrotron laboratories be precisely characterized and calibrated to achieve this target. In this paper we discuss a proposal for a Universal Test Mirror (UTM) as a realization of a high performance calibration instrument. The instrument would provide an ideal calibration surface to replicate a redundant surface under test of redundant figure. The application of a sophisticated calibration instrument will allow the elimination of the majority of the systematic error from the error budget of an individual measurement of a particular optical element. We present the limitations of existing methods, initial UTM design considerations, possible calibration algorithms, and an estimation of the expected accuracy. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Warwick, Tony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP A7040 EP A7040 DI 10.1117/12.732719 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600009 ER PT S AU Qian, J Assoufid, L Macrander, A AF Qian, Jun Assoufid, Lahsen Macrander, Albert BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Comparison of slope and height profiles for flat synchrotron x-ray mirrors measured with a long trace profiler and a PMI Fizeau interferometer - art. no. 67040C SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE long trace profiler; LTP; phase measuring interferometer; PMI; Fizeau interferometer; synchrotron x-ray mirror AB Long trace profilers (LTPs)(1) have been used at many synchrotron radiation laboratories worldwide for over a decade to measure surface slope profiles of long grazing incidence x-ray mirrors. Phase measuring interferometers (PMIs) of the Fizeau type, on the other hand, are being used by most mirror manufacturers to accomplish the same task. However, large mirrors whose dimensions exceed the aperture of the Fizeau interferometer require measurements to be carried out at grazing incidence, and aspheric optics require the use of a null lens. While an LTP provides a direct measurement of ID slope profiles, PMIs measure area height profiles from which the slope can be obtained by a differentiation algorithm. Measurements of the two types of instruments have been found by us to be in good agreement, but to our knowledge there is no published work directly comparing the two instruments. This paper documents that comparison. We measured two different nominally flat mirrors with both the LTP in operation at the Advanced Photon Source (a type-II LTP) and a Fizeau-type PMI interferometer (Wyko model 6000). One mirror was 500 mm long and made of Zerodur, and the other mirror was 350 mm long and made of silicon. Slope error results with these instruments agree within nearly 100% (3.11 +/- 0.15 mu rad for the LTP, and 3.11 +/- 0.02 mu rad for the Fizeau PMI interferometer) for the medium quality Zerodur mirror with 3 mu rad rms nominal slope error. A significant difference was observed with the much higher quality silicon mirror. For the Si mirror, slope error data is 0.39 +/- 0.08 mu rad from LTP measurements but it is 0.35 +/- 0.01 mu rad from PMI interferometer measurements. The standard deviations show that the Fizeau PMI interferometer has much better measurement repeatability. C1 [Qian, Jun; Assoufid, Lahsen; Macrander, Albert] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Qian, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP C7040 EP C7040 DI 10.1117/12.734816 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600011 ER PT S AU McKinney, WR Irick, SC Kirschman, JL MacDowell, AA Warwick, T Yashchuk, VV AF McKinney, Wayne R. Irick, Steven C. Kirschman, Jonathan L. MacDowell, Alastair A. Warwick, Tony Yashchuk, Valerly V. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI New procedures for the adjustment of elliptically bent mirrors with the long trace profiler - art. no. 67040G SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE synchrotron radiation; elliptical bender; mirror; adaptive optic; x-ray; Long Trace Profiler ID X-RAY MIRRORS; SPECIFICATION; CURVATURE AB Micro-focusing is widely applied at soft and hard x-ray wavelengths. One typical method, in addition to zone plates, is to split the focusing in the tangential and sagittal directions into two elliptically cylindrical reflecting elements, the so-called Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) pair. In the simplest case each optic is made by grinding and polishing a flat, and applying unequal bending couples to each end. After briefly reviewing the nature of the bending, we show two new methods for optimal adjustment of these mirror systems using our surface normal slope measuring instrument, the long trace profiler (LTP). First, we adapt a method previously used to adjust mirrors on synchrotron radiation beamlines. We measure the slope of the surface before and after a single small adjustment of each bending couple. This permits an approximation to the functional dependence of slope on the adjustments, and allows, by applying the results of a simple matrix calculation, direct adjustment to a nearly final setting. Typically, the near linearity of the problem determines a very fast convergence of the adjustment procedure. Second, we subdivide the slope data from the LTP into three regions on the mirror, and fit a circle to each sub-region by regression. This method also allows rapid iterative adjustment of both bending couples. We show that this method is a particular case of the first one. As an overall indicator of predicted performance, we ray trace, using profiler data, predicting the exact optical performance to be expected during use of the system. C1 [McKinney, Wayne R.; Irick, Steven C.; Kirschman, Jonathan L.; MacDowell, Alastair A.; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valerly V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 2R0400,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP G7040 EP G7040 DI 10.1117/12.736860 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600015 ER PT S AU Qian, SA Qian, K Hong, YL Sheng, LS Ho, TL Takacs, P AF Qian, Shinan Qian, Kun Hong, Yiling Sheng, Liusi Ho, Tonglin Takacs, Peter BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Systematic error reduction: non-tilted reference beam method for Long Trace Profiler - art. no. 67040I SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID INTERFEROMETER; ACCURACY; OPTICS AB Systematic error in the Long Trace Profiler (LTP) has become the major error source as measurement accuracy enters the nanoradian and nanometer regime. Great efforts have been made to reduce the systematic error at a number of synchrotron radiation laboratories around the world. Generally, the LTP reference beam has to be tilted away from the optical axis in order to avoid fringe overlap between the sample and reference beams. However, a tilted reference beam will result in considerable systematic error due to optical system imperfections, which is difficult to correct. Six methods of implementing a non-tilted reference beam in the LTP are introduced: 1) application of an external precision angle device to measure and remove slide pitch error without a reference beam, 2) independent slide pitch test by use of not tilted reference beam, 3) non-tilted reference test combined with tilted sample, 4) penta-prism scanning mode without a reference beam correction, 5) non-tilted reference using a second optical head, and 6) alternate switching of data acquisition between the sample and reference beams. With a non-tilted reference method, the measurement accuracy can be improved significantly. Some measurement results are presented. Systematic error in the sample beam arm is not addressed in this paper and should be treated separately. C1 [Qian, Shinan; Qian, Kun; Takacs, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP I7040 EP I7040 DI 10.1117/12.740440 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600016 ER PT S AU Kirschman, JL Domning, EE Franck, KD Irick, SC MacDowell, AA McKinney, WR Morrison, GY Smith, BV Warwick, T Yashchuk, VV AF Kirschman, Jonathan L. Domning, Edward E. Franck, Keith D. Irick, Steven C. MacDowell, Alastair A. McKinney, Wayne R. Morrison, Gregory Y. Smith, Brian V. Warwick, Tony Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Ohtsuka, M TI Flat-field calibration of CCD detector for Long Trace Profiler - art. no. 67040J SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics II CY AUG 30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE long trace profiler; LTP; LTP detector; camera calibration; flat field source; error reduction; optical metrology AB The next generation of synchrotrons and free electron lasers requires x-ray optical systems with extremely high-performance, generally, of diffraction limited quality. Fabrication and use of such optics requires highly accurate metrology. In the present paper, we discuss a way to improve the performance of the Long Trace Profiler (LTP), a slope measuring instrument widely used at synchrotron facilities to characterize x-ray optics at high-spatial-wavelengths from approximately 2 rum to I m. One of the major sources of LTP systematic error is the detector. For optimal functionality, the detector has to possess the smallest possible pixel size/spacing, a fast method of shuttering, and minimal non-uniformity of pixel-to-pixel photoresponse. While the first two requirements are determined by choice of detector, the non-uniformity of photoresponse of typical detectors such as CCD cameras is around 2-3%. We describe a flat-field calibration setup specially developed for calibration of CCD camera photo-response and dark current with an accuracy of better than 0.5%. Such accuracy is adequate for use of a camera as a detector for an LTP with performance of similar to 0.1 rnicroradian (rms). We also present the design details of the calibration system and results of calibration of a DALSA CCD camera used for upgrading our LTP-II instrument at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory. C1 [Kirschman, Jonathan L.; Domning, Edward E.; Franck, Keith D.; Irick, Steven C.; MacDowell, Alastair A.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Morrison, Gregory Y.; Smith, Brian V.; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kirschman, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6852-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6704 BP J7040 EP J7040 DI 10.1117/12.732618 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BHC32 UT WOS:000252171600017 ER PT S AU Lee, JS Jia, QX AF Lee, Jang-Sik Jia, Q. X. BE Ahn, BT Jeon, H Hur, BY Kim, K Park, JW TI Epitaxial growth and anisotropic dielectric properties of La-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films SO ADVANCES IN NANOMATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUMRS International Conference in Asia CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP MRS Korea, MRS Japan, Chinese MRS, MRS India, MRS Singapore, MRS Taiwan DE la-doped Bi4Ti3O12; anisotropic dielectric property; epitaxial growth; crystal direction ID FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BI4-XLAXTI3O12; ORIENTATION; DEPOSITION AB To investigate the anisotropic dielectric properties of layer-structured bismuth-based ferroelectrics along different crystal directions, we fabricate devices along different crystal orientations using highly c-axis oriented Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) thin films on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. Experimental results have shown that the dielectric properties of the BLT films are highly anisotropic along different crystal directions. The dielectric constants (1 MHz at 300 K) are 358 and 160 along [100] and [110], respectively, Dielectric nonlinearity is also detected along these crystal directions. On the other hand, a much smaller dielectric constant and no detectable dielectric nonlinearity in a field range of 0-200 kV/cm are observed for films along [001] when c-axis oriented SRO is used as the bottom electrode. C1 [Lee, Jang-Sik] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM jangsik@kookmin.ac.kr RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project under the United States Department of Energy; ERC program of MOST/KOSEF [R11-2005-048-00000-0]; Kookmin University in Korea FX This work was supported as a Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project under the United States Department of Energy. JLS thanks Center for Materials and Processes of Self-assembly (R11-2005-048-00000-0) by the ERC program of MOST/KOSEF. This work was also supported in part by the new faculty research program 2006 of Kookmin University in Korea. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2007 VL 124-126 BP 177 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BGB19 UT WOS:000245890100044 ER PT J AU Lewenstein, M Sanpera, A Ahufinger, V Damski, B Sen(De), A Sen, U AF Lewenstein, Maciej Sanpera, Anna Ahufinger, Veronica Damski, Bogdan Sen(De), Aditi Sen, Ujjwal TI Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond SO ADVANCES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE ultracold atomic and molecular gases; Hubbard models; disordered systems; frustrated systems; spinor gases; quantum information ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; DENSITY-MATRIX RENORMALIZATION; QUANTUM HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; INTERACTING FERMI GAS; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTION; SPIN-CORRELATION FUNCTIONS; EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CRYSTALLIZED ION PLASMAS AB We review recent developments in the physics of ultracold atomic and molecular gases in optical lattices. Such systems are nearly perfect realisations of various kinds of Hubbard models, and as such may very well serve to mimic condensed matter phenomena. We show how these systems may be employed as quantum simulators to answer some challenging open questions of condensed matter, and even high energy physics. After a short presentation of the models and the methods of treatment of such systems, we discuss in detail, which challenges of condensed matter physics can be addressed with (i) disordered ultracold lattice gases, (ii) frustrated ultracold gases, (iii) spinor lattice gases, (iv) lattice gases in "artificial'' magnetic fields, and, last but not least, (v) quantum information processing in lattice gases. For completeness, also some recent progress related to the above topics with trapped cold gases will be discussed. C1 ICFO, Inst Ciencies Foton, E-08660 Barcelona, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Sen, U (reprint author), ICFO, Inst Ciencies Foton, E-08660 Barcelona, Spain. EM Ujjwal.Sen@icfo.es RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013; Ahufinger, Veronica/F-7049-2014; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014; Sanpera, Anna/L-3174-2014; OI Ahufinger, Veronica/0000-0002-6628-9930; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800; Sen, Ujjwal/0000-0002-0091-5847 NR 825 TC 1115 Z9 1119 U1 24 U2 170 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-8732 EI 1460-6976 J9 ADV PHYS JI Adv. Phys. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 243 EP 379 DI 10.1080/00018730701223200 PG 137 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 171FP UT WOS:000246721000001 ER PT S AU Sharma, S Meagley, RP AF Sharma, Shalini Meagley, Robert P. BE Lin, Q TI Enhancing photoresist performance with an adhesion promoting photo-acid generator - art. no. 65190K SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photo-acid generator; siloxane; chemical amplification; molecular lithography; EUV; DUV; footed resist; onium salts; sulfonium PAG ID RESIST AB Concentration gradients of photoacid generator through the thickness of the photoresis, film can profoundly affect he material's performance. To engineer the acid concentration through resist thickness, we have developed a new type of resist adhesion promoting layer that incorporates photo acid generator chemistry. These adhesion promoting photo acid generators, called as a class "APPAG" enhance acid concentration at interface between the resist and the substrate. We will provide an overview on the preparation and characterization of two siloxane based APPAG materials along with a performance comparison of commercial DUV, EUV and E-beam photoresists on APPAG. Nonaflate analog (APPAG 6) with shorter acid diffusion length was found to have a mild impact on 250nm node DUV lithography. However the triflate analog (APPAG 9), owing to the larger acid diffusion length, was shown to provide a greater influence. APPAG 9 was found to give nearly a 50% improvement in depth of focus. For EUV lithography, both APPAG 6 and APPAG 9 will be shown to substantially improve performance envelope for 100nm dense lines and spaces and at reduced post exposure bake (PEB) temperatures. This indicates that this approach can be used to gain margin at reduced PEB which is desirable to minimize thermally driven diffusion effects. Thus the materials represent an important new approach to extending photoresist performance margins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP K5190 EP K5190 AR 65190K DI 10.1117/12.712359 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600020 ER PT S AU Sharma, G Sharma, S Rattner, M Meagley, RP Tanaka, M Shimokawa, T Sugita, H Wang, T Shiota, A AF Sharma, Geeta Sharma, Shalini Rattner, Michael Meagley, Robert P. Tanaka, Masato Shimokawa, Tsutomu Sugita, Hikaru Wang, Tina Shiota, Atsushi BE Lin, Q TI Novel developers for positive tone EUV photoresists - art. no. 65190P SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE dissolution; contrast; photospeed; TMAH; developer; solvation ID NOVOLAK DISSOLUTION; PERCOLATION VIEW; POLY(METHYLMETHACRYLATE); LITHOGRAPHY; RESIST AB While much work has been done in the design of photo resist for EUV lithography, these materials have typically been optimized for so called "standard developer" i.e., 2.38% tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide. However we felt that it would be reasonable to consider specifically the developer as opposed to the resist design. Indeed it has been suggested that the polarity and cation size in developer are important positive tone resist performance. ill It is our hypothesis that a base that could wet and penetrate faster into partially deprotected resist could result in a faster photo speed, and thus make more process margin available for resist design; for example a slower system incorporating higher quencher loadings. Additionally, we sought to probe the effects of solvent polarity with varying amounts of non-aqueous solvent additive. By reorganization of the nascent solvent shell with the non aqueous additives, we sought to perturb the development kinetics and thus change the resist's performance envelope by accelerating photo speed and potentially increasing contrast. This approach has been applied to non chemically amplified resist to good effect. [1, 4] In the three positive tones EUV and a 193nm photo resist was evaluated with the prototype developers we found that the performance was profoundly impacted by these two probes (i.e. solvent polarity and cation hydrophobicity). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharma, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP P5190 EP P5190 AR 65190P DI 10.1117/12.712377 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600025 ER PT S AU Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E Trejo, RM Wang, H Porter, WD AF Radovic, M. Lara-Curzio, E. Trejo, R. M. Wang, H. Porter, W. D. BE Bansal, NP TI THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF YSZ AND Ni-YSZ AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND POROSITY SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ZIRCONIA; ANODES; SOLIDS AB The thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic properties of Ni-YSZ and YSZ are reported in the temperature interval between 20 degrees C and 1000 degrees C. Specific heat capacity (C(p)) and thermal diffusivity (alpha) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by the laser flash method, respectively, while thermal conductivity was calculated from its relationship with c(p), alpha and the density of the material. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were determined using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), while elastic properties (Young's and shear modulus), were determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The effect of temperature and porosity on the thermophysical properties of Ni-YSZ and YSZ is discussed. C1 [Radovic, M.; Lara-Curzio, E.; Trejo, R. M.; Wang, H.; Porter, W. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radovic, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900008 ER PT S AU Ziomek-Moroz, M Holcomb, GR Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Jablonski, PD Alman, DE AF Ziomek-Moroz, M. Holcomb, G. R. Covino, B. S., Jr. Bullard, S. J. Jablonski, P. D. Alman, D. E. BE Bansal, NP TI CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF FERRITIC STEEL FOR SOFC INTERCONNECT APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID ELECTRONIC RESISTANCE; OXIDATION-KINETICS; SUPERALLOY FOILS; OXIDE AB Ferritic stainless steels have been identified as potential candidates for interconnects in planar-type solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating below 800 degrees C. Crofer 22 APU was selected for this study. It was studied under simulated SOFC-interconnect dual environment conditions with humidified air on one side of the sample and humidified hydrogen on the other side at 750 degrees C. The surfaces of the oxidized samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with microanalytical capabilities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was also used in this study. C1 [Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Holcomb, G. R.; Covino, B. S., Jr.; Bullard, S. J.; Jablonski, P. D.; Alman, D. E.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Ziomek-Moroz, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900020 ER PT S AU Yang, ZG Coffey, GW Rice, JP Singh, P Stevenson, JW Xia, GG AF Yang, Zhenguo Coffey, Greg W. Rice, Joseph P. Singh, Prabhakar Stevenson, Jeffry W. Xia, Guan-Guang BE Bansal, NP TI HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF OXIDATION RESISTANT ALLOYS UNDER SOFC INTERCONNECT DUAL EXPOSURES SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; ELECTRONIC RESISTANCE; SUPERALLOY FOILS; ENVIRONMENTS; HYDROGEN; KINETICS; IRON AB Metals and alloys are considered as promising candidates to construct interconnects in intermediate temperature (600-800 degrees C) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. During SOFC operation, the interconnects are working in a dual environment, i.e. simultaneously exposed to air at cathode side and a fuel (e.g. hydrogen) at the anode side. Our recent studies found the oxidation behavior of metals and alloys in the dual environment can be significantly different from that in a single oxidizing or reducing atmosphere exposure. The anomalous oxidization is attributed to hydrogen diffusion flux from the fuel side to the air side under the influence of a hydrogen gradient across the stainless steel interconnects. This paper summarizes our study on a number of selected metals and alloys under the dual environment. C1 [Yang, Zhenguo; Coffey, Greg W.; Rice, Joseph P.; Singh, Prabhakar; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Xia, Guan-Guang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 211 EP 221 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900021 ER PT S AU Johnson, C Schaeffer, C Barron, H Gemmen, R AF Johnson, Christopher Schaeffer, Chad Barron, Heidi Gemmen, Randall BE Bansal, NP TI ELECTRO-DEPOSITED PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL INTERCONNECTS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID ALLOY; DEGRADATION; CATHODE AB Chromium containing high temperature alloys coated with stable and conductive oxides are being considered as possible interconnects for planar solid oxide fuel cells. The coatings are necessary to increase oxidation resistance and reduce chromium evaporation. Here we report the use of electro-deposition methods for applying Mn/Co alloy coatings as precursor for the production of Mn/Co spinet protective layers. Characterization of the films is done by SEM and EDS analysis. C1 [Johnson, Christopher; Schaeffer, Chad; Barron, Heidi; Gemmen, Randall] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Johnson, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900022 ER PT S AU Yang, ZG Li, XH Maupin, GD Singh, P Simner, SP Stevenson, JW Xia, GG Zhou, XD AF Yang, Zhenguo Li, Xiao-Hong Maupin, Gary D. Singh, Prabhakar Simner, Steve P. Stevenson, Jeffry W. Xia, Guan-Guang Zhou, Xiaodong BE Bansal, NP TI PROPERTIES OF (Mn,Co)(3)O(4) SPINEL PROTECTION LAYERS FOR SOFC INTERCONNECTS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EXPOSURE CONDITIONS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; SOLID-SOLUTION; CATHODE; DEGRADATION; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION AB Ferritic stainless steels are promising candidates for interconnect applications in low- and mid-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A couple of issues however remain for this particular application, including chromium poisoning due to chromia evaporation, and long-term surface and electrical stability of the scale grown on these steels. Application of a manganese colbaltite spinel protection layer on the steels appears to be an effective approach to solve the issues. For an optimized performance, properties of Mn(1+x)Co(2-x)O(4) (-0.5 <= x <= 1.5) spinels relevant to the protective coating application were investigated. It was found that the spinels with x around 0.5 demonstrated a good CTE match to ceramic cell components, high electrical conductivity, and thermal stability up to 1,250 degrees C. The material suitability was confirmed by a long-term test on a Mn(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) protection layer that was thermally grown on Crofer22 APU, indicating the spinel protection layer not only significantly decreased the contact resistance between a LSF cathode and a stainless steel interconnect, but also inhibited the sub-scale growth on the stainless steel. C1 [Yang, Zhenguo; Li, Xiao-Hong; Maupin, Gary D.; Singh, Prabhakar; Simner, Steve P.; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Xia, Guan-Guang; Zhou, Xiaodong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900023 ER PT S AU Alman, DE Jablonski, PD Kong, SC AF Alman, David E. Jablonski, Paul D. Kong, Steven C. BE Bansal, NP TI SURFACE MODIFICATION OF ALLOYS FOR IMPROVED OXIDATION RESISTANCE IN SOFC APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE AB This research is aimed at improving the oxidation behavior of metallic alloys for SOFC application, by the incorporation of rare earths through surface treatments. This paper details the effect of such surface modification on the behavior of Crofer 22 APU, a ferritic steel designed specifically for SOFC application, and Type 430 stainless steel. Two pack cementation like treatments were used to incorporate Ce into the surface of the alloys. After 4000 hours of exposure at 800 C to air+3%H2O, the weight gain of Crofer 22APU samples that were Cc surface modified were less than half that of an unmodified sample, revealing the effectiveness of the treatments on enhancing oxidation resistance. For Type-430, the treatment prevented scale spalling that occurred during oxidation of the unmodified alloy. C1 [Alman, David E.; Jablonski, Paul D.] US DOE, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900025 ER PT S AU Koeppel, BJ Vetrano, JS Nguyen, BN Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Koeppel, Brian J. Vetrano, John S. Nguyen, Ba Nghiep Sun, Xin Khaleel, Moe A. BE Bansal, NP TI MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATIONS AND PERFORMANCE MODELING OF SOFC SEALS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID TOOL AB The objective of this work was to provide a modeling tool for the design of reliable seals for SOFC stacks. The work consisted of experimental testing to determine thermal-mechanical properties of a glass-ceramic sealing material and numerical modeling of stack sealing systems. The material tests captured relevant temperature-dependent property data for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) G18 sealant material as required by the analytical models. A viscoelastic continuum damage model for this glass-ceramic sealant was developed and implemented in the MSC MARC finite element code and used for a detailed analysis of a planar SOFC stack under thermal cycling conditions. Realistic thermal loads for the stack were obtained using PNNL's multiphysics solver SOFC-MP. The accumulated seal damage and component stresses were evaluated for multiple thermal loading cycles. The seals nearest the stack mount location were most susceptible to damage which began during the first operational cycle and accumulated during shutdown. Viscoelastic seal compliance was also found to beneficially reduce the stresses in the anode. C1 [Koeppel, Brian J.; Vetrano, John S.; Nguyen, Ba Nghiep; Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Moe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Koeppel, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K5-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 325 EP 335 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900032 ER PT S AU Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E Nelson, G AF Radovic, M. Lara-Curzio, E. Nelson, G. BE Bansal, NP TI FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND SLOW CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF Ni-YSZ AND YSZ AS A FUNCTION OF POROSITY AND TEMPERATURE SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA AB In this paper we report on the fracture toughness of YSZ and Ni-YSZ and slow-crack growth behavior of Ni-YSZ at 20 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C. Results are presented for tests carried-out in air for YSZ and in a gas mixture of 4%H(2) and 96%Ar for Ni-YSZ containing various levels of porosity. The double-torsion test method was utilized to determine the fracture toughness from the peak load obtained during fast loading test specimens that had been precracked, while crack velocity versus stress intensity curves were obtained in the double-torsion using the load relaxation method. It was found that fracture toughness of these materials decreases with temperature and in the case of Ni-YSZ it also decreases with increasing porosity. The effect of temperature and microstructure, which was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, on the fracture behavior of these materials, is discussed. C1 [Radovic, M.; Lara-Curzio, E.; Nelson, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radovic, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 373 EP 381 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900036 ER PT S AU Lara-Curzio, E Radovic, M Trejo, RM Cofer, C Watkins, TR More, KL AF Lara-Curzio, E. Radovic, M. Trejo, R. M. Cofer, C. Watkins, T. R. More, K. L. BE Bansal, NP TI EFFECT OF THERMAL CYCLING AND THERMAL AGING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF, AND RESIDUAL STRESSES IN, NI-YSZ/YSZ BI-LAYERS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES AB In this paper we report the effect of thermal cycling. between 20 degrees C and 800 degrees C in a gas mixture of 4% H(2) and 96%Ar, on the physical and mechanical properties of Ni-YSZ/YSZ bilayers. It was found that the porosity and Young's modulus of the bi-layers did not change significantly after thermal cycling. However, the characteristic biaxial strength, as determined by the ring-on-ring test method, was found to decrease by as much as 15% after 1250 thermal cycles. Similar trends were observed from the evaluation of test specimens that had been thermally aged in a similar environment at 800 degrees C for 625 hours. It was also found that the magnitude of the compressive residual stress in the YSZ layer changes significantly during thermal cycling and aging. Potential mechanisms responsible for this behavior are discussed. C1 [Lara-Curzio, E.; Radovic, M.; Trejo, R. M.; Cofer, C.; Watkins, T. R.; More, K. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900037 ER PT S AU Recknagle, KP Jarboe, DT Johnson, KI Korolev, V Khaleel, MA Singh, P AF Recknagle, K. P. Jarboe, D. T. Johnson, K. I. Korolev, V. Khaleel, M. A. Singh, P. BE Bansal, NP TI ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ON-CELL REFORMATION MODELING FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL STACKS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL AB Providing adequate and efficient cooling schemes for solid-oxide-fuel-cell (SOFC) stacks continues to be a challenge coincident with the development of larger, more powerful stacks. The endothermic steam-methane reformation reaction can provide cooling and improved system efficiency when performed directly on the electrochemically active anode. Rapid kinetics of the endothermic reaction typically causes a localized temperature depression on the anode near the fuel inlet. It is desirable to extend the endothermic effect over more of the cell area and mitigate the associated differences in temperature on the cell to alleviate subsequent thermal stresses. In this study, modeling tools validated for the prediction of fuel use, on-cell methane reforming, and the distribution of temperature within SOFC stacks are employed to provide direction for modifying the catalytic activity of anode materials to control the methane conversion rate. Improvements in thermal management that can be achieved through on-cell reforming is predicted and discussed. Two operating scenarios are considered, one in which the methane fuel is fully pre-reformed and another in which a substantial percentage of the methane is reformed on-cell. For the latter, a range of catalytic activity is considered, and the predicted thermal effects on the cell are presented. Simulations of the cell electrochemical and thermal performance with and without on-cell reforming, including structural analyses, show a substantial decrease in thermal stresses for an on-cell reforming case with slowed methane conversion rate. C1 [Recknagle, K. P.; Jarboe, D. T.; Johnson, K. I.; Korolev, V.; Khaleel, M. A.; Singh, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Recknagle, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08054-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BRG38 UT WOS:000282671900039 ER PT J AU Russell, CT Barucci, MA Binzel, RP Capria, MT Christensen, U Coradini, A De Sanctis, MC Feldman, WC Jaumann, R Keller, HU Konopliv, AS McCord, TB McFadden, LA McKeegan, KD McSween, HY Mottola, S Nathues, A Neukum, G Pieters, CM Prettyman, TH Raymond, CA Sierks, H Smith, DE Spohn, T Sykes, MV Vilas, F Zuber, MT AF Russell, C. T. Barucci, M. A. Binzel, R. P. Capria, M. T. Christensen, U. Coradini, A. De Sanctis, M. C. Feldman, W. C. Jaumann, R. Keller, H. U. Konopliv, A. S. McCord, T. B. McFadden, L. A. McKeegan, K. D. McSween, H. Y. Mottola, S. Nathues, A. Neukum, G. Pieters, C. M. Prettyman, T. H. Raymond, C. A. Sierks, H. Smith, D. E. Spohn, T. Sykes, M. V. Vilas, F. Zuber, M. T. TI Exploring the asteroid belt with ion propulsion: Dawn mission history, status and plans SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asteroids; Vesta; Ceres; hygeia; ion propulsion ID CERES AB In this report, we describe the journey Dawn has taken in the recent past, its present status, and its future mission. The overall objective of Dawn is to explore backward in time via its observations of the primitive bodies, Vesta and Ceres. Thus Dawn embarks on three journeys. The first is its tumultuous temporal terrestrial trek during development. The second is its soon-to-be voyage in space to 4 Vesta, the second most massive asteroid in the main belt, and to 1 Ceres, the most massive. The third is its journey backward in time to infer the conditions as the solar system was formed. Finally, we discuss how it is possible to go back even further in time, beyond the,horizon of the Dawn mission to obtain "pre Dawn" observations at 10 Hygiea, the fourth most massive asteroid, and one more primitive than Vesta and Ceres. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Russell, C. T.; McKeegan, K. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, JGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Barucci, M. A.] Observ Paris, LESIA, Meudon, France. [Binzel, R. P.; Zuber, M. T.] Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Capria, M. T.; Coradini, A.; De Sanctis, M. C.] Area Ric Tor Vergata, IASF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Christensen, U.; Keller, H. U.; Nathues, A.; Sierks, H.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Feldman, W. C.; Sykes, M. V.] Plantary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jaumann, R.; Mottola, S.] ISSS, DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Konopliv, A. S.; Raymond, C. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McCord, T. B.] Space Sci Inst, Winthrop, WA USA. [McFadden, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, H. Y.] Univ Tennessee, DEPS, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Neukum, G.] Free Univ Berlin, IGGG, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. [Pieters, C. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Prettyman, T. H.] LANL, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Smith, D. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vilas, F.] MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, JGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/G-5232-2013; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011; OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-3463-4437; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.083 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OO UT WOS:000253589300006 ER PT J AU Adams, JH Bhattacharya, M Lin, ZW Pendleton, G Watts, JW AF Adams, J. H. Bhattacharya, M. Lin, Z. W. Pendleton, G. Watts, J. W. TI The ionizing radiation environment on the moon SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lunar albedo neutrons; radiation environment on the moon ID DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; MAN ANATOMICAL MODEL; MONOENERGETIC NEUTRONS; LUNAR PROSPECTOR; SPECTRA; HELIUM AB The ionizing radiation environment on the moon that contributes to the radiation hazard for astronauts consists of galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles and albedo particles (mainly neutrons), from the lunar surface. We present calculations of the effective dose rate due to lunar albedo neutrons. These calculations are based on GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations of albedo neutron production on the moon. We compare our results with the Lunar Prospector (LP) fast neutron data. We also compare the effective dose rate from lunar albedo neutrons to that from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhattacharya, M.; Lin, Z. W.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Adams, J. H.; Watts, J. W.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Pendleton, G.] Dynetics Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Bhattacharya, M (reprint author), Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mbhattac@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 338 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.032 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400008 ER PT J AU Donovan, E Trondsen, T Spann, J Liu, W Spanswick, E Lester, M Tu, CY Ridley, A Henderson, M Immel, T Mende, S Bonnell, J Syrjaesuo, M Sofko, G Cogger, L Murphree, J Jayachandran, PT Pulkkinen, T Rankin, R Sigwarth, J AF Donovan, E. Trondsen, T. Spann, J. Liu, W. Spanswick, E. Lester, M. Tu, C. -Y. Ridley, A. Henderson, M. Immel, T. Mende, S. Bonnell, J. Syrjaesuo, M. Sofko, G. Cogger, L. Murphree, J. Jayachandran, P. T. Pulkkinen, T. Rankin, R. Sigwarth, J. TI Global auroral imaging in the ILWS era SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE global auroral imaging; geospace; ILWS; system level science ID NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; POLAR SPACECRAFT; EMISSIONS; FUV; CONVECTION; DEPENDENCE; RESOLUTION; SUPERDARN; ELECTRON; IMAGER AB The overarching objective of the ILWS Geospace program is to facilitate system level science. This demands synoptic observations such as global auroral imaging. At present, there is no funded mission during ILWS that. incorporates a global auroral imager. The imaging community needs to move now to address this important gap. While doing so, it is interesting to take stock of global auroral observations that have not been achieved, or that have been achieved only to a limited extent. These include simultaneous imaging across all relevant scales, spectral resolution of sufficient quality to allow for global maps of characteristic energy and energy flux of precipitating electrons, continuous global auroral imaging for time periods spanning long-duration geomagnetic events, systematic interhemispheric conjugate observations, auroral observations magnetically conjugate to in situ measurements, and automatic classification of auroral images. These observations can be achieved within the next decade. If they are, then they will facilitate exciting new science. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Donovan, E.; Trondsen, T.; Spanswick, E.; Syrjaesuo, M.; Cogger, L.; Murphree, J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Spann, J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Liu, W.] Canadian Space Agcy, Space Sci Program, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Lester, M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Tu, C. -Y.] Peking Univ, Dept Geophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Henderson, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Immel, T.; Mende, S.; Bonnell, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sofko, G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Jayachandran, P. T.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Pulkkinen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Rankin, R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Sigwarth, J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Donovan, E (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM eric@phys.ucalgary.ca RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Syrjasuo, Mikko/E-5088-2012; Trondsen, Trond/F-5751-2016; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Trondsen, Trond/0000-0002-9538-1832; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.09.028 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400018 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA Chang, PY AF Blakely, Eleanor A. Chang, Polly Y. TI A review of ground-based heavy-ion radiobiology relevant to space radiation risk assessment. Part II: Cardiovascular and immunological effects SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space radiation; heavy ions; acute and late radiation effects; risk assessment; cardiovascular radiation effects; immunological radiation effects ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION; CHERNOBYL EMERGENCY WORKERS; BODY PROTON IRRADIATION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ANTIORTHOSTATIC SUSPENSION; IONIZING-RADIATION; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB The future of manned space flight depends on an analysis of the numerous potential risks of travel into deep space. Currently no radiation dose limits have been established for these exploratory missions. To set these standards more information is needed about potential acute and late effects on human physiology from appropriate radiation exposure scenarios, including pertinent radiation types and dose rates. Cancer risks have long been considered the most serious late effect from chronic daily relatively low-dose exposures to the complex space radiation environment. However, other late effects from space radiation exposure scenarios are under study in ground-based accelerator facilities and have revealed some unique particle radiation effects not observed with conventional radiations. A comprehensive review of pertinent literature that considers tissue effects of radiation leading to functional detriments in specific organ systems has recently been published (NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Information Needed to Make Radiation Protection Recommendations for Space Missions Beyond Low-Earth Orbit. Report #153, Bethesda, MD, 2006). This paper highlights the review of two non-cancer concerns from this report: cardiovascular and immunological effects. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blakely, Eleanor A.; Chang, Polly Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Polly Y.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EABlakely@lbl.gov NR 93 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.071 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OQ UT WOS:000253589500003 ER PT J AU Emami, K Hada, M Lacy, S Clement, J Rusek, A Cucinotta, FA Wu, H AF Emami, K. Hada, M. Lacy, S. Clement, J. Rusek, A. Cucinotta, F. A. Wu, H. TI Apoptosis and micronuclei induction in human epithelial cells exposed to energetic carbon ions in the Bragg peak region SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space radiation; shielding; Bragg curve; apoptosis; micronuclei ID RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; PROSTATE-CANCER; RADIATION; SPACE; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; ENVIRONMENT; CURVE AB Space radiation is a complex mixture of charged particles from solar and galactic origins. Many of these high energy charged particles can penetrate current spacecraft shielding and produce secondary particles, creating significant health hazard. Therefore, understanding the biological effects of these particles along the particle traversal is critical in optimizing new shielding designs. Here, we studied DNA damage on monolayer culture of mammary epithelial cell line irradiated by 290 MeV/nucleon carbon ions. Frequencies of apoptosis and micronuclei (MN) induction were scored across the Bragg curve at entrance radiation doses of 0.5 and 2 Gy. The results for both doses show that the peak of apoptosis yield coincides with the physical Bragg peak. However, the peak location for the MN frequency appears to be dose dependent. We argue that the presence of a higher proportion of micronuclei prior to the Bragg peak at the higher radiation dose is the consequence of "overkill" at the physical Bragg peak location. Results of the carbon exposure were compared with the data for the same cell type exposed to gamma-rays. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Emami, K.; Hada, M.; Cucinotta, F. A.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Radiat Biophys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Emami, K.] Wyle Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hada, M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Lacy, S.; Clement, J.] Texas So Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Rusek, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Radiat Biophys Lab, Mail Code SK37, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM honglu.wu-l@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.101 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OQ UT WOS:000253589500008 ER PT J AU Ruan, WM Eastman, PS Cooke, PA Park, JS Chu, JSF Gray, JW Li, S Chen, FF AF Ruan, Weiming Eastman, P. Scott Cooke, Patrick A. Park, Jennifer S. Chu, Julia S. F. Gray, Joe W. Li, Song Chen, Fanqing Frank TI Nanobarcode gene expression monitoring system for potential miniaturized space applications SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space; quantum dot; nanocrystal; CdSe; radiation; nanobarcode; microbead; human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; TGF-beta; gene expression; microarray; nanotechnology ID QUANTUM DOTS; TGF-BETA; SKIN; RADIATION; CELLS; MICROGRAVITY; NANOCRYSTALS; FIBROBLASTS; SIGNALS; PROBES AB Manned mission to space has been threatened by various cosmos risks including radiation, mirogravity, vacuum, confinement, etc., which may cause genetic variations of astronauts and eventually lead to damages of their health. Thus, the development of small biomedical devices, which can monitor astronaut gene expression changes, is useful for future long-term space missions. Using magnetic microbeads packed with nanocrystal quantum dots at controlled ratios, we were able to generate highly multiplexed nanobarcodes, which can encode a flexible panel of genes. Also, by using a reporter quantum dot, this nanobarcode platform can monitor and quantify gene expression level with improved speed and sensitivity. As a comparison, we studied TGF-beta 1 induced transcription changes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with both the nanobarcode microbead system and the Affymetrix GeneChip (R) HTA system, which is currently considered as the industrial standard. Though using only 1/20 of the sample RNA, the nanobarcode system showed sensitivity equivalent to Affymetrix GeneChip (R) system. The coefficient of variation, dynamic range, and accuracy of the nanobarcodes measurement is equivalent to that of the GeneChip (R) HTA system. Therefore, this newly invented nanobarcode microbead platform is thought to be sensitive, flexible, cost-effective and accurate in a level equivalent to the conventional methods. As an extension of the use of this new platform, spacecrafts may carry this miniaturized system as a diagnostic tool for the astronauts. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Ruan, Weiming; Gray, Joe W.; Chen, Fanqing Frank] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eastman, P. Scott] Quantum Dit Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. [Cooke, Patrick A.] Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Park, Jennifer S.; Chu, Julia S. F.; Li, Song] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, FF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 977R0225A,1Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM f_chen@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.101 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OQ UT WOS:000253589500010 ER PT J AU Mancusi, D Beaucei, A Gialanella, G Grossi, G Manti, L Pugliese, M Rusek, A Scampoli, P Sihver, L Durante, M AF Mancusi, D. Beaucei, A. Gialanella, G. Grossi, G. Manti, L. Pugliese, M. Rusek, A. Scampoli, P. Sihver, L. Durante, M. TI Comparison of aluminum and lucite for shielding against 1 GeV protons SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE protons; shielding; chromosome aberrations; fragmentation ID ENERGY IRON IONS; PROTECTION AB Shielding is the only countermeasure currently available for exposure to cosmic radiation during space travel. We compared aluminum (Al) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, or Incite) shields of 20 g/cm(2) thickness using 1 GeV protons accelerated at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory. The dose rate increased after the shield, and the increase was more pronounced after the Al than the PMMA shield. No significant differences in the induction of chromosomal aberrations were observed in human lymphocytes exposed to the same dose with no shield or behind the Al and PMMA blocks. However, the biological effectiveness per incident proton was increased by the shields. Simulations using the General-Purpose Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) show that the increase in dose is caused by target fragments, and aluminum produces more secondary protons than PMMA. Nevertheless, the spectrum of particles behind the shield is confined within the low-LET region, and the biological effectiveness is consequently similar. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gialanella, G.; Grossi, G.; Manti, L.; Pugliese, M.; Scampoli, P.; Durante, M.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. [Gialanella, G.; Grossi, G.; Manti, L.; Pugliese, M.; Scampoli, P.; Durante, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Mancusi, D.; Sihver, L.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Beaucei, A.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Biol, Naples, Italy. [Rusek, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NASA, Space Radiat Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Durante, M (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. EM Marco.Durante@na.infn.it RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Mancusi, Davide/0000-0002-2518-8228; Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.11.033 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OQ UT WOS:000253589500019 ER PT J AU Blanc, E Lefeuvre, F Roussel-Dupre, R Sauvaud, JA AF Blanc, E. Lefeuvre, F. Roussel-Dupre, R. Sauvaud, J. A. TI TARANIS: A microsatellite project dedicated to the study of impulsive transfers of energy between the Earth atmosphere, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; sprites; terrestrial gamma flashes; electromagnetic pulses; coupling of atmospheric layers ID GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN; OPTICAL FLASHES; SPRITES; DISCHARGES; IONIZATION; THUNDERSTORM; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; BURSTS AB TARANIS (Tool for the Analysis of RAdiations from lightNlngs and Sprites) is a microsatellite project of the CNES Myriade program, dedicated to the study of impulsive transfers of energy between the neutral atmosphere the ionospheric and magnetospheric plasmas. The science objectives include: (a) characterization of TLEs (Transient Luminous Events) and TGFs (Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes) including their global mapping, occurrence rates and the correspondence between both phenomena in order to determine the source mechanisms, (b) determination of triggering factors and formation conditions, (c) characterization of the parent lightning that causes TLEs and TGFs, (d) investigation of wave-particle interactions leading to precipitated (LEP) and accelerated (runaway) electrons, (e) effects on the radiation belts of low altitude sources by tracking of their variability from electron and wave measurements, (f) effects on thermospheric parameters (ionisation rate, NO,, 03, dynamics of the atmosphere) by on board measurements coordinated with ground-based observations. The project is multidisciplinary and uses complementary instrumentation including: micro cameras and photometers, X and gamma detectors, high energetic electrons spectrometers, electric and magnetic sensors. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Blanc, E.] CASE LDG, Commissariat Energie Atom, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Lefeuvre, F.] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Roussel-Dupre, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sauvaud, J. A.] CNRS, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. RP Blanc, E (reprint author), CASE LDG, Commissariat Energie Atom, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM elisabeth.blanc@cea.fr RI Blanc, Elisabeth/D-3890-2009 OI Blanc, Elisabeth/0000-0002-1599-4736 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1268 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.037 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OU UT WOS:000253589900016 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA Chang, PY AF Blakely, Eleanor A. Chang, Polly Y. TI A review of ground-based heavy ion radiobiology relevant to space radiation risk assessment: Cataracts and CNS effects SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE space radiation; heavy ions; acute and late radiation effects; risk assessment; radiation-induced cataracts; radiation-induced CNS effects ID TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; DOSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP; INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS-MALFORMATIONS; BRAGG PEAK RADIOSURGERY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; PARTICLE IRRADIATION AB Analysis of the numerous potential risks of travel into deep space is critical to future manned missions. Despite the availability of significant new information on heavy-ion radiobiology at high doses and high dose-rates, radiation effects on human physiology during space travel, and later in the career of the space traveler, remain high on the list of what still needs to be known under space radiation scenarios. Cancer risks have long been considered the most serious late effect from chronic daily relatively low-dose exposures to the complex space radiation environment. However, other late radiation effects from space radiation scenarios are under study in ground-based accelerator facilities and have revealed some unique particle radiation effects not observed with conventional radiations. A comprehensive review of pertinent literature that considers functional degradation of specific body organs and systems at risk has recently been published (NCRP Report #153, 2006). This paper highlights the review of two noncancer concerns from this report: cataracts and effects on the central nervous system. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blakely, Eleanor A.; Chang, Polly Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Polly Y.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EABlakely@lbl.gov NR 185 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.070 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OV UT WOS:000253590000001 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Nieto, MM Anderson, JD AF Turyshev, Slava G. Nieto, Michael Martin Anderson, John D. TI Lessons learned from the Pioneers 10/11 for a mission to test the Pioneer anomaly SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pioneer anomalous acceleration; deep-space navigation; a test of pioneer anomaly AB Analysis of the radio-metric tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft at distances between 20 and 70 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous, small, constant Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing with rate similar to 6 . 10-9 Hz/s. It can also be interpreted as a constant acceleration of a(P) = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10(-8) cm/s(2) directed towards the Sun. Although it is suspected that there is a systematic origin to the effect, none has been found. As a result, the nature of this anomaly has become of growing interest. Here, we discuss the details of our recent investigation focusing on the effects both external to and internal to the spacecraft, as well as those due to modeling and computational techniques. We review some of the mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and show their inability to account for the observed behavior of the anomaly. We also present lessons learned from this investigation for a potential deep-space experiment that will reveal the origin of the discovered anomaly and also will characterize its properties with an accuracy of at least two orders of magnitude below the anomaly's size. A number of critical requirements and design considerations for such a mission are outlined and addressed. (C) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Turyshev, Slava G.; Anderson, John D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nieto, Michael Martin] Univ Calif, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret MS B285, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 301-486,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.006 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286BV UT WOS:000254821300014 ER PT J AU Zinn, J Drummond, J AF Zinn, John Drummond, Jack TI Formation of parallel meteor trail pairs as associated with their buoyant rise SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE persistent train; meteor; airglow; model ID SODIUM AB In this paper we present numerical computations designed to demonstrate effects associated with the buoyant rise of the hot persistent meteor trails produced by large Leonid meteors. We show that, for a horizontally oriented cylinder of hot air, it is an inherent feature of the buoyant acceleration process that the rising cylinder divides into a pair of counter-rotating linear vortices. Computations are presented that were designed to model the conditions existing in two specific cases of large Leonid meteors for which we had photographs showing the evolution of the double trails. Some computed results are shown together with a photograph, and along with ancillary data on the amount of sodium in the trail and relative intensities of sodium emission and broadband visible and near-IR emission associated with the O-2 "atmospheric" band. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Zinn, John; Drummond, Jack] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zinn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MC-D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pjenniskens@mail.are.nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.007 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 267DD UT WOS:000253488800009 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AT Graham, GA McDonnell, JAM Taylor, EA Drolshagen, G Chater, RJ McPhail, D Burchell, MJ AF Kearsley, A. T. Graham, G. A. McDonnell, J. A. M. Taylor, E. A. Drolshagen, G. Chater, R. J. McPhail, D. Burchell, M. J. TI The chemical composition of micrometeoroids impacting upon the solar arrays of the Hubble Space Telescope SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE micrometeoroid; hypervelocity impact; Hubble Space Telescope; analytical electron microscopy ID COSMIC DUST; HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES; ACCRETION RATE; MINERALOGY; PARTICLES; METEORITES; DEBRIS; CELLS AB Analytical scanning electron microscopy of solar cells returned from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at the end of HST Service Missions SM-1 (1993) and SM-3B (2002) has revealed abundant remains of micrometeoroids. We have documented the most common residue compositions, and in this paper we suggest how they relate to mineral phases, and show how it is possible to estimate the proportion of the original micrometeoroid preserved. From a total of 273 impacts examined and analysed, we found 61/162 impacts on solar cells from SM-1 were produced by micrometeoroids, as were 45/111 from SM-3B. In each survey approximately 25% of damage features could not be assigned to a particular origin (micrometeoroid or space debris). A cumulative micrometeoroid flux curve for randomly selected cells shows impact features ranging from 3 to nearly 3800 pm in size. To assist interpretation of space exposed surfaces, impact residues from known meteoritic and terrestrial analogue mineral phases were produced by light gas gun assisted acceleration of buckshot projectiles into solar cell targets at 5.5-6.3 km s(-1). Mg- and Fe-rich residues were found in 30/61 impacts from SM-1 and 26/45 from SM-3B, with variable Mg:Fe ratio, usually lacking Ca, and likely to be from olivine or low-Ca pyroxene. Only in a few examples is it possible to determine the divalent cation to silicon ratio, and thereby positively identify olivine or pyroxene. Vesicular Fe-, Mg-, Ni- and S-rich residues, found in eight impacts from SM-1 and 5 from SM-3B, closely resemble residue from light gas gun shots of phyllosilicate-rich meteorite grains, and may be from a layered silicate such as serpentine or smectite interlayered with tochilinite. Fe- and S-rich immiscible melt droplets, low in nickel, are probably of troilite origin. Fe-, Ni- and P-rich residue is almost certainly from the phosphide schreibersite, and iron-nickel metal residues show an elemental ratio characteristic of kamacite. One Mg-, Cr-, Fe- and O-rich residue suggests a spinel precursor. Ca-rich particles found within the spall zone of several craters closely resemble residue from calcium carbonate. Mg sulfates are also present. Very little alummous silicate residue was found (one residue from each survey). One extraordinarily well-preserved assemblage contains residues from five mineral components and may represent impact by a chondrule fragment. Derivation of incident particle sizes from impact feature dimensions, by use of calibrated damage equations, reveals that the majority of impacting micrometeoroids had diameters of less than 10 pm, although the mass flux is concentrated in grains of more than 50 pm diameter. In one well-preserved crater, the mass of residue was calculated to be 60 ng, approximately 25% of the particle mass as suggested by experimental crater size calibration. The smallest impacts were produced by grains of between 600 nm and 1.3 mu m. The most common residue assemblages suggest that the majority of micron to millimetre scale micrometeoroids have an origin from chondritic material, similar to interplanetary dust particles, micrometeorites, and possibly the hydrous carbonaceous chondrites of the CM, CR or Cl group. The relative contribution of cometary as opposed to asteroidal particle sources cannot yet be assessed from this data set. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kearsley, A. T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [Graham, G. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McDonnell, J. A. M.; Taylor, E. A.] Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Drolshagen, G.] ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Chater, R. J.; McPhail, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat Sci, London SW7 2BP, England. [Burchell, M. J.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk; graham42@llnl.gov OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 590 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.05.011 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 267DD UT WOS:000253488800014 ER PT J AU Guida, P Vazquez, ME AF Guida, Peter Vazquez, Marcelo E. TI Cytotoxic and cell cycle effects in human neuronal progenitor cells exposed to 1 GeV/n Fe ions SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; progenitors; heavy ion radiation; cell cycle; high LET ID HIGH-LET RADIATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; COSMIC-RAYS; SPACE; CHECKPOINTS; RISK; LINE; TIME AB With space missions of expanding durations, astronauts will be exposed to increasing amounts of high linear energy transfer heavy ion radiation. One of the potential risks for humans traveling beyond the Earth's magnetic fields is radiation induced central nervous system damage because these post-mitotic cells cannot replenish themselves. Although neuronal progenitor cells offer hope to replace dead or damaged neurons, very little is known about the effects of heavy ion radiation on them. Thus, we utilized a cloned line of human neuronal progenitor (NT2) cells as a model and measured their responses to irradiation with 1 GeV/nucleon Fe-56(26+) ions. Numerous parameters of radiation toxicity, such as cell detachment, necrosis and apoptosis were induced in both time and dose dependent manners. The highest effect in each case was detected 48 h post-irradiation, and a dose as small as 10 cGy resulted in statistically significant increases in all three of these measurements. In addition, cell cycle analysis revealed that NT2 cells underwent a G2 phase specific cell cycle delay within 6 h after irradiation, and that this response was transient. These results emphasize the importance of determining how human neuronal progenitor cells respond to high linear energy transfer heavy ion radiation. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guida, Peter; Vazquez, Marcelo E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Guida, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM guida@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.009 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OF UT WOS:000253588400004 ER PT S AU Livescu, D Ristorcelli, JR AF Livescu, Daniel Ristorcelli, J. R. BE Palma, JMLM Lopes, AS TI Mixing characteristics in buoyancy-driven, variable density turbulence SO ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XI SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th EUROMECH European Turbulence Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia, Oporto, PORTUGAL HO Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY AB We examine the mixing induced by buoyancy generated motions in an unstably stratified field composed of two incompressible miscible fluids with different densities, as occurs in variable density Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The statistically homogeneous case is considered as a unit problem for variable density turbulence. It involves both the transition to turbulence and the decay of turbulence as the friction forces overcome buoyancy generation. Diverse mixing metrics and their dependence on the Atwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers are used to study the homogenization of the two fluids leading to the subsequent reduction of the net buoyancy force and the turbulence generation mechanism. C1 [Livescu, Daniel; Ristorcelli, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Livescu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-540-72603-6 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 117 BP 544 EP 546 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BHA07 UT WOS:000251779600173 ER PT S AU Chumakov, SG AF Chumakov, Sergei G. BE Palma, JMLM Lopes, AS TI Scaling properties of the subgrid-scale energy dissipation in large eddy simulation SO ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XI SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th EUROMECH European Turbulence Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia, Oporto, PORTUGAL HO Univ Porto, Fac Engenharia C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chumakov, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-540-72603-6 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2007 VL 117 BP 736 EP 736 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BHA07 UT WOS:000251779600246 ER PT S AU Boucheron, LE Harvey, NR Manjunath, BS AF Boucheron, Laura E. Harvey, Neal R. Manjunath, B. S. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Paragios, N Tanveer, SM Ju, T Liu, Z Coquillart, S CruzNeira, C Muller, T Malzbender, T TI A quantitative object-level metric for segmentation performance and its application to cell nuclei SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 26-28, 2007 CL Lake Tahoe, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, SIEMENS, Intel, DigitalPersona, EQUINOX, hp, Ford, MITSUBISHI, Utopia Compress ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ALGORITHMS; CLASSIFICATION AB We present an object-level metric for segmentation performance which was developed to quantify both over- and under-segmentation errors, as well as to penalize segmentations with larger deviations in object shape. This metric is applied to the problem of segmentation of cell nuclei in routinely stained H&E histopathology imagery. We show the correspondence between the metric terms and qualitative observations of segmentation quality, particularly the presence of over- and under-segmentation. The computation of this metric does not require the use of any point-to-point or region-to-region correspondences but rather simple computations using the object mask from both the segmentation and ground truth. C1 [Boucheron, Laura E.; Manjunath, B. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Boucheron, Laura E.; Harvey, Neal R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boucheron, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-76857-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4841 BP 208 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHF97 UT WOS:000252834100021 ER PT J AU Ye, M Pan, F Wu, YS Hu, BX Shirley, C Yu, ZB AF Ye, Ming Pan, Feng Wu, Yu-Shu Hu, Bill X. Shirley, Craig Yu, Zhongbo TI Assessment of radionuclide transport uncertainty in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; uncertainty analysis; tracer and radionuclide transport; parameter distribution function; unsaturated zone; Yucca Mountain; matrix permeability; porosity; sorption coefficient ID NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; FRACTURED ROCK; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; INPUT VARIABLES; SCALE MODEL; FLOW; NEVADA; SOIL AB The present study assesses the uncertainty of flow and radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain using a Monte Carlo method. Matrix permeability, porosity, and sorption coefficient are considered random. Different from previous studies that assume distributions of the parameters, the distributions are determined in this study by applying comprehensive transformations and rigorous statistics to on-site measurements of the parameters. The distribution of permeability is further adjusted based on model calibration results. Correlation between matrix permeability and porosity is incorporated using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. After conducting 200 Monte Carlo simulations of three-dimensional unsaturated flow and radionuclide transport for conservative and reactive tracers, the mean, variances, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles for quantities of interest (e.g., matrix liquid saturation and water potential) are evaluated. The mean and 50th percentile are used as the mean predictions, and their associated predictive uncertainties are measured by the variances and the 5th and 95th percentiles (also known as uncertainty bounds). The mean predictions of matrix liquid saturation and water potential are in reasonable agreement with corresponding measurements. The uncertainty bounds include a large portion of the measurements, suggesting that the data variability can be partially explained by parameter uncertainty. The study illustrates propagation of predictive uncertainty of percolation flux, increasing downward from repository horizon to water table. Statistics from the breakthrough curves indicate that transport of the reactive tracer is delayed significantly by the sorption process, and prediction on the reactive tracer is of greater uncertainty than on the conservative tracer because randomness in the sorption coefficient increases the prediction uncertainty. Uncertainty in radionuclide transport is related to uncertainty in the percolation flux, suggesting that reducing the former entails reduction in the latter. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM YSWu@lbl.gov RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008; Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 118 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.03.005 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 116AQ UT WOS:000242775300009 ER PT S AU Sandy, AR Evans-Lutterodt, K Fezzaa, K Kim, S Narayanan, S Sprung, M Stein, A AF Sandy, A. R. Evans-Lutterodt, K. Fezzaa, K. Kim, S. Narayanan, S. Sprung, M. Stein, A. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Effect of x-ray beamline optics on x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments - art. no. 67050N SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components II CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS); x-ray intensity fluctuation spectroscopy (XIFS); coherence preservation; speckle; kinoform lens ID SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; SPECKLE AB We have evaluated the applicability of vertically-focusing kinoform lenses for tailoring the vertical coherence length of storage-ring undulator x-ray beams so that the entirety of the coherent flux can be used for small angle rnulti-speckle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments. We find that the focused beam produced by a kinoform lens preserves the coherence of the incident unfocused beam and that at an appropriate distance downstream of the focus, the diverging beam produces speckles nearly identical to those produced by an equivalently-sized unfocused beam. We have also investigated the effect of imperfect beamline optics on the observed coherence properties of the beam. Via phase contrast imaging and beam-divergence measurements, we find that a horizontally-deflecting mirror in our beamline precludes us from seeing the true radiation source point but instead acts as an apparent source of fixed size at the center of our insertion device straight section. Finally, we discuss how expected near-future optimization of these optics will greatly benefit XPCS measurements performed at beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source. C1 [Sandy, A. R.; Fezzaa, K.; Narayanan, S.; Sprung, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandy, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6853-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6705 BP N7050 EP N7050 DI 10.1117/12.734397 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC10 UT WOS:000252146700020 ER PT S AU Pivovaroff, MJ Bionta, RM Mccarville, TJ Soufli, R Stefan, PM AF Pivovaroff, M. J. Bionta, R. M. Mccarville, T. J. Soufli, R. Stefan, P. M. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Soft X-ray mirrors for the Linac coherent light source - art. no. 67050O SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components II CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free electron lasers; X-ray optics; X-ray mirrors; boron carbide ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; SPECIFICATION; FINISH AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 0.15-1.5 nm wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) being constructed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) by a multi-institution consortium, including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). One of LLNL's responsibilities involves the design and construction of two grazing-incidence mirror systems whose primary intent is to reduce radiation levels in the experimental halls by separating the FEL beam from unwanted high-energy photons. This paper discusses one of these systems, the Soft X-ray Offset Mirror System (SOMS) that will operate in the wavelength range 0.62-1.5 nm (0.827-2.00 keV). The unusual properties of the FEL beam translate to stringent specifications in terms of stability, material choice and mirror properties. It also precludes using approaches previously developed for synchrotron light sources. This situation has led us to a unique mirror design, consisting of a reflective boron carbide layer deposited on a silicon substrate. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the basic system requirements for the SOMS and motivate the need for these novel reflective elements. In the second part of this paper, we discuss the development work we have performed, including simulation and experimental verification of the boron carbide coating properties, and the expected performance of the final system. C1 [Pivovaroff, M. J.; Bionta, R. M.; Mccarville, T. J.; Soufli, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pivovaroff, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014 OI Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6853-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6705 BP O7050 EP O7050 DI 10.1117/12.740314 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC10 UT WOS:000252146700021 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A McNulty, I AF Khounsary, Ali McNulty, Ian BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Beam splitting mirrors for an APS beamline - art. no. 67050P SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components II CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mirror; X-ray mirror; cooled mirror; side cooling; beam splitting; silicon; silicon carbide AB We describe a set of two cooled mirrors used in tandem on a high-heat-load undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to spatially split an incoming X-ray beam into two parts, allowing simultaneous operation on two beamlines. Such arrangements have the potential to increase beamline throughput by as much as a factor of two at a modest cost. Conceptual design, engineering analyses, and fabrication steps are outlined. C1 [Khounsary, Ali; McNulty, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6853-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6705 BP P7050 EP P7050 DI 10.1117/12.739860 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC10 UT WOS:000252146700022 ER PT S AU Conley, R Liu, C Kewish, CM Macrander, AT Morawe, C AF Conley, Ray Liu, Chian Kewish, Cameron M. Macrander, Albert T. Morawe, Christian BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Multilayer growth in the APS rotary deposition system SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components II CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE thin film; multilayer; sputter; deposition; X-ray; optics ID X-RAY OPTICS; DESIGN AB We report our progress in the growth of periodic and depth-graded multilayers in the APS rotary deposition system, a machine designed for fabrication of films tens of microns thick with thousands of layers. A computational method was employed to design depth-graded multilayers for use as wide-angular bandpass reflective optics. We present experimental results for a 154-layer WSi(2)/Si multilayer system with bilayer thickness ranging from 2.2 nm to 5.5 nm that closely match theoretical flat-top reflectivity predictions of 9.8% from 15.6 mrad to 23.3 mrad at 8 keV. C1 [Conley, Ray; Liu, Chian; Kewish, Cameron M.; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conley, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rconley@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059; NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6853-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6705 AR 670505 DI 10.1117/12.736024 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC10 UT WOS:000252146700003 ER PT S AU Voronova, DL Cambie, R Feshchenko, RM Gullikson, EM Padmore, HA Vinogradov, AV Yashchuk, VV AF Voronova, Dmitriy L. Cambie, Rossana Feshchenko, Ruslan M. Gullikson, Eric M. Padmore, Howard A. Vinogradov, Alexander V. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Khounsary, AM Morawe, C Goto, S TI Development of an ultra-high resolution diffraction grating for soft x-rays SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components II CY AUG 27-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering; high density grating; anisotropically etched silicon gratings; soft x-ray multilayers; sliced multilayer grating; spectral resolution ID COATED ECHELLE GRATINGS; MULTILAYER GRATINGS; EFFICIENCY; ULTRAVIOLET; SCATTERING; SOLIDS AB Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) is the one of the most powerful methods for investigation of the electronic structure of materials, specifically of excitations in correlated electron systems. However the potential of the RIXS technique has not been fully exploited because conventional grating spectrometers have not been capable of achieving the extreme resolving powers. that RIXS can utilize. State of the art spectrometers in the soft x-ray energy range achieve similar to 0.25 eV resolution, compared to the energy scales of soft excitations and superconducting gap openings down to a few meV. Development of diffraction gratings with super high resolving power is necessary to solve this problem. In this paper we study the possibilities of fabrication of gratings of resolving power of up to 10(6) for the 0.5 - 1.5 KeV energy range. This energy range corresponds to all or most of the useful dipole transitions for elements of interest in most correlated electronic systems, i.e. oxygen K-edge of relevance to all oxides, the transition metal L(2,3) edges, and the M(4,5) edges of the rare earths. Various approaches based on different kinds of diffraction gratings such as deep-etched multilayer gratings, and multilayer coated echelettes are discussed. We also present simulations of diffraction efficiency for such gratings, and investigate the necessary fabrication tolerances. C1 [Voronova, Dmitriy L.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric M.; Padmore, Howard A.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voronova, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov RI Feshchenko, Ruslan/H-5832-2013; Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 OI Feshchenko, Ruslan/0000-0002-2470-1595; NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6853-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6705 AR 67050E DI 10.1117/12.732658 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC10 UT WOS:000252146700011 ER PT B AU Sallach, DL AF Sallach, David L. BE Takahashi, S Scallach, D Rouchier, J TI Logic for situated action SO ADVANCING SOCIAL SIMULATION: THE FIRST WORLD CONGRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Social Simulation CY AUG 21-25, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN SP Toyto Inst Technol HO Kyoto Univ C1 [Sallach, David L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sallach, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sallach@anl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-73150-4 PY 2007 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1007/978-4-431-73167-2_3 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Linguistics; Mathematics, Applied; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Anthropology; Computer Science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA BGQ42 UT WOS:000249739800003 ER PT B AU North, MJ Howe, TR Collier, NT Vos, JR AF North, M. J. Howe, T. R. Collier, N. T. Vos, J. R. BE Takahashi, S Scallach, D Rouchier, J TI A declarative model assembly infrastructure for verification and validation SO ADVANCING SOCIAL SIMULATION: THE FIRST WORLD CONGRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress on Social Simulation CY AUG 21-25, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN SP Toyto Inst Technol HO Kyoto Univ ID FRAMEWORK C1 [North, M. J.; Howe, T. R.; Collier, N. T.; Vos, J. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [North, M. J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Collier, N. T.] PantaRei Corp, Cambridge, IL USA. [Vos, J. R.] Univ Il linois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP North, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-73150-4 PY 2007 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1007/978-4-431-73167-2_13 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Linguistics; Mathematics, Applied; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Anthropology; Computer Science; Linguistics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA BGQ42 UT WOS:000249739800013 ER PT J AU Northway, MJ Jayne, JT Toohey, DW Canagaratna, MR Trimborn, A Akiyama, KI Shimono, A Jimenez, JL DeCarlo, PF Wilson, KR Worsnop, DR AF Northway, M. J. Jayne, J. T. Toohey, D. W. Canagaratna, M. R. Trimborn, A. Akiyama, K.-I. Shimono, A. Jimenez, J. L. DeCarlo, P. F. Wilson, K. R. Worsnop, D. R. TI Demonstration of a VUV lamp photoionization source for improved organic speciation in an aerosol mass spectrometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON IONIZATION; ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LASER IONIZATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ONLINE ANALYSIS; EXCIMER LIGHT; GAS-ANALYSIS; PARTICLES; COMPONENTS; URBAN AB In recent years, the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) has become a widely used tool for determining aerosol size distributions and chemical composition for non-refractory inorganic and organic aerosols. All AMSs to date have used a combination of flash thermal vaporization and 70 eV electron impact (EI) ionization. However, EI causes extensive fragmentation and mass spectra of organic aerosols are difficult to deconvolve because they are composites of the overlapping fragmentation patterns of a multitude of species. In this manuscript we present an approach to gain more information about organic aerosol composition by employing the softer technique of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization in a Time-of-Flight AMS (ToF-AMS). Our novel design allows for alternation between photoionization (PI) and EI within the same instrument on a timescale of minutes. Thus, the EI-based quantification capability of the AMS is retained while improved spectral interpretation is made possible by combined analysis of the complementary VUV and EI spectra. PI and EI spectra are compared for several compounds and mixtures in multiple dimensions including size distributions and size-segregated mass spectra. In general, VUV spectra contain much less fragmentation than EI spectra and for many compounds the parent ion is the base peak in the VUV spectrum. Results for oleic acid are compared to experiments conducted using tunable VUV radiation from a synchrotron source and were shown to be comparable under similar conditions of photon energy and vaporizer temperature. Future technical modifications for improvements in sensitivity and its potential for ambient measurements will be discussed. C1 Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Japan Automobile Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. Sanyu Plant Serv Co Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Northway, MJ (reprint author), 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM mnorthway@aerodyne.com RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 NR 42 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 828 EP 839 DI 10.1080/02786820701496587 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212BW UT WOS:000249569600003 ER PT J AU Alia-Klein, N O'Rourke, TM Goldstein, RZ Malaspina, D AF Alia-Klein, Nelly O'Rourke, Thomas M. Goldstein, Rita Z. Malaspina, Dolores TI Insight into illness and adherence to psychotropic medications are separately associated with violence severity in a forensic sample SO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; psychosis; aggression; violence; insight; adherence ID SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDER; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BIRTH COHORT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BEHAVIOR; PSYCHOSIS; NONADHERENCE; RELIABILITY AB Violence towards others by a minority of psychotic individuals is a significant public health concern. The severity of this other-directed violence (ODV) in the community may be influenced by insight into illness and adherence to psychotropic medications; however, few studies have tested these associations. Sixty male psychotic inpatients, legally detained at a forensic unit in New York City, were assessed with semi-structured interviews, supplemented with information from hospital and official records, family members and the treating clinician. Results indicated that in this unique sample of detained persons with psychotic disorders; (1) increase in the severity of community violence is associated with medication non-adherence, all dimensions of poor insight into illness, and several previously reported covariates such as substance use comorbidity; (2) no relationship was found between insight and adherence in this particular sample; (3) multivariate analyses showed that select covariates, along with medication adherence, and select insight domains predicted a total of 73% of the magnitude of ODV behavior in this sample. Overall, medication nonadherence explained a large amount of how violently participants behaved toward others. Since non-adherence was independent of poor insight, it may be more worthwhile for clinicians to develop treatment strategies to target medication adherence without directly addressing an elusive target such as insight into illness. Treatment addressing medication adherence needs to concomitantly target substance use behaviors since the latter was responsible for a substantial increase in ODV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY, Downstate Med Sch, Kings Cty Hosp Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Alia-Klein, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Res Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nellyklein@bnl.gov NR 46 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0096-140X J9 AGGRESSIVE BEHAV JI Aggressive Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1002/ab.20170 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 119BO UT WOS:000242987400010 PM 17441009 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB Ortiz-Monasterio, JI Falcon, WP AF Lobell, David B. Ortiz-Monasterio, J. Ivan Falcon, Walter P. TI Yield uncertainty at the field scale evaluated with multi-year satellite data SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE climate variability; remote sensing; risk; wheat; yield; yield gap ID DATA AGGREGATION; CROP INSURANCE; RISK ANALYSIS; WHEAT; VARIABILITY; QUALITY AB The level of yield risk faced by a farmer is an important factor in the design of appropriate management and insurance strategies. The difference between field scale and regional scale yield risk, which can be significant, also represents an important measure of the factors that cause the yield gap-the difference between average and maximum yields. While field scale yield risk is difficult to assess with traditional data sources, yield maps derived from remote sensing offer promise for obtaining the necessary data in any region. We analyzed remotely sensed yield datasets for two regions in Northwest Mexico, the Yaqui and San Luis Rio Colorado Valleys, in conjunction with time series of aggregated regional yields for 1976-2002. Regional scale yield risk was roughly 8% of average yields in both regions. Field scale yield risk was determined to be 58% higher than regional scale risk in both regions. The difference between field and regional scale risk accounted for 50% of the spatial variance in yields in the Yaqui Valley, and 70% in the San Luis Rio Colorado Valley, indicating that climatic uncertainty represents an important source of the spatial yield variability. This implies that accurate seasonal climate forecasts could substantially reduce yield losses in farmers' fields. The results were shown to be fairly sensitive to assumptions about the magnitude and nature of errors in yield estimation, suggesting that improved understanding of estimation errors are needed to realize the full potential of remote sensing for yield risk analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Wheat Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Ctr Environm Sci & Policy, Inst Int Studies, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlobell@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1-3 BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.agsy.2006.02.010 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 121TF UT WOS:000243179200006 ER PT J AU Smith, P Martino, D Cai, ZC Gwary, D Janzen, H Kumar, P McCarl, B Ogle, S O'Mara, F Rice, C Scholes, B Sirotenko, O Howden, M McAllister, T Pan, GX Romanenkov, V Schneider, U Towprayoon, S AF Smith, Pete Martino, Daniel Cai, Zucong Gwary, Daniel Janzen, Henry Kumar, Pushpam McCarl, Bruce Ogle, Stephen O'Mara, Frank Rice, Charles Scholes, Bob Sirotenko, Oleg Howden, Mark McAllister, Tim Pan, Genxing Romanenkov, Vladimir Schneider, Uwe Towprayoon, Sirintornthep TI Policy and technological constraints to implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation options in agriculture SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE greenhouse gas; agriculture; mitigation; cropland management; grazing land; rice; livestock; carbon sequestration; policy ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; CROP PRODUCTION; KYOTO PROTOCOL; WATER-USE; POPULATION-GROWTH; METHANE EMISSIONS AB A recent assessment of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has demonstrated significant potential for mitigation, but suggests that the full mitigation will not be realized due to significant barriers to implementation. In this paper, we explore the constraints and barriers to implementation important for GHG mitigation in agriculture. We also examine how climate and non-climate policy in different regions of the world has affected agricultural GHG emissions in the recent past, and how it may affect emissions and mitigation implementation in the future. We examine the links between mitigation and adaptation and drives for sustainable development and the potential for agricultural GHG mitigation in the future. We describe how some countries have initiated climate and non-climate policies believed to have direct effects or synergistic effects on mitigating GHG emissions from agriculture. Global sharing of innovative technologies for efficient use of land resources and agricultural chemicals, to eliminate poverty and malnutrition, will significantly mitigate GHG emissions from agriculture. Previous studies have shown that as, less than 30% of the total biophysical potential for agricultural GHG mitigation might be achieved by 2030, due to price- and non-price-related barriers to implementation. The challenge for successful agricultural GHG mitigation will be to remove these barriers by implementing creative policies. Identifying policies that provide benefits for climate, as well as for aspects of economic, social and environmental sustainability, will be critical for ensuring that effective GHG mitigation options are widely implemented in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Carbosur, Montevideo, Uruguay. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Univ enclave, Inst Econ Growth, Delhi 110007, India. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 4, Ireland. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. All Russian Inst Agr Meteorol, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. CSIRO, Sustainable Ecosyst, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Pryanishnikov All Russian Isnt Agrochem, VNIIA, Moscow 127550, Russia. Univ Hamburg, Dept Geosci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Dept Econ, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. King Monkuts Univ Technol, Joint Grad Sch Energy & Environm, Bangkok 10140, Thailand. RP Smith, P (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Cruickshank Bldg,St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM pete.smith@abdn.ac.uk RI Howden, Stuart/C-1138-2008; Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; meng, xin/G-3553-2011; Romanenkov, Vladimir/D-2051-2013; Schneider, Uwe/M-7342-2016; OI Howden, Stuart/0000-0002-0386-9671; Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Romanenkov, Vladimir/0000-0002-8967-4225; Schneider, Uwe/0000-0002-6833-9292; Scholes, Robert/0000-0001-5537-6935; Ogle, Stephen/0000-0003-1899-7446 NR 113 TC 198 Z9 232 U1 13 U2 180 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1-4 BP 6 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2006.06.006 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 127TS UT WOS:000243609800002 ER PT J AU Graham, RL Nelson, R Sheehan, J Perlack, RD Wright, LL AF Graham, R. L. Nelson, R. Sheehan, J. Perlack, R. D. Wright, L. L. TI Current and potential US corn stover supplies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE REMOVAL; METHODOLOGY; BIOENERGY; EROSION; COST AB Agricultural residues such as corn (Zea mays L.) stover are a potential feedstock for bioenergy and bio-based products that could reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil. Collection of such residues must take into account concerns that residue removal could increase erosion, reduce crop productivity, and deplete soil carbon and nutrients. This article estimates where and how much corn stover can be collected sustainably in the USA using existing commercial equipment and estimates costs of that collection. Erosion constraints to collection were considered explicitly, and crop productivity and soil nutrient constraints were considered implicitly, by recognizing the value of residues for maintaining soil moisture and including the cost of fertilizer to replace nutrients removed. Possible soil carbon loss was not considered in the analysis. With an annual production of 196 million Mg of corn grain (similar to 9.2 billion bushels), the USA produces 196 million Mg of stover. Under current rotation and tillage practices, similar to 30% of this stover could be collected for less than $33 Mg-1, taking into consideration erosion and soil moisture concerns and nutrient replacement costs. Wind erosion is a major constraint to stover collection. Analysis suggests three regions of the country (central Illinois, northern Iowa/southern Minnesota, and along the Platte River in Nebraska) produce sufficient stover to support large biorefineries with one million Mg per year feedstock demands and that if farmers converted to universal no-till production of corn, then over 100 million Mg of stover could be collected annually without causing erosion to exceed the tolerable soil loss. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kansas State Univ, Engn Extens Programs, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM grahamrl@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 268 Z9 275 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.2134/argonj2005.0222 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800001 ER PT J AU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI AF Eichinger, W. E. Cooper, D. I. TI Using lidar remote sensing for spatially resolved measurements of evaporation and other meteorological parameters SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; DAYTIME MIXED-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; RAMAN-LIDAR; TURBULENT FLUXES; BUDGET ANALYSIS; SURFACE FLUXES; APPLIED-MODEL; HEAT-FLUX AB Remote sensors are useful tools for making measurements that are not possible with conventional point instruments. We developed methods to obtain spatially resolved latent energy fluxes from Raman water vapor data and the regional virtual potential heat flux from elastic lidar data. The evaporation method is based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to spatially and temporally averaged data. Latent heat flux estimates were found to be well correlated (R-2 = 0.84, slope = 0.98) compared with eddy correlation measurements. The standard error of the flux estimates was 36.5 W m(-2) (a 14% root mean square [RMS] difference), which is close to the predicted uncertainty of 15%. A vertically staring elastic lidar was used to obtain a continuous record of the boundary layer height and thickness of the entrainment zone between a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and a corn (Zea mays L.) field. The surface heat flux was calculated using the Batchvarova-Gryning boundary layer model. The virtual potential heat flux estimates were found to be well correlated (R-2 = 0.79, slope = 0.95) compared with eddy correlation measurements. The standard error of the flux estimates was 21.4 W m(-2) (31% RMS difference between estimates and surface measurements), higher than the predicted uncertainty of 16%. Other parameters such as the Monin-Obukhov length, the stability correction functions, and integral scale can be obtained from lidar data. C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eichinger, WE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM william-eichinger@uiowa.edu NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.2134/agonj2005.0112S PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800032 ER PT J AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Archuleta, J Hipps, L Neale, CMU Prueger, JH AF Cooper, D. I. Eichinger, W. E. Archuleta, J. Hipps, L. Neale, C. M. U. Prueger, J. H. TI An advanced method for deriving latent energy flux from a scanning Raman lidar SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Radiation and Energy Balance Measurement Systems held at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP ASA ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; EDDY-COVARIANCE; LENGTH-SCALES; TURBULENCE; STATISTICS; CANOPIES AB One of the fundamental issues with lidar-derived evapotranspiration estimates is its reliance on tower-based measurements of Monin-Obukhov similarity variables, specifically the Obukhov length (L) and the friction velocity (u(*)). Our study indicates that L can be derived in the atmospheric surface layer directly from lidar range-height scans by estimating the integral length scale (ILS). Data from both three-dimensional sonic anemometers mounted on towers and lidar data collected during two subsequent field experiments were analyzed using autocorrelation analysis to estimate the ILS. The ILS values were then transformed into L values using a power-law similarity model and were compared to coincident tower-based observations. The comparisons between tower-based eddy covariance sensors and lidar data show that the lidar-derived L values are within the expected uncertainty and variability of standard point sensor measured observations. An additional model for estimating the friction velocity from the Obukhov length was also derived, and both L and u(*) were used to calculate the latent energy flux from lidar without external measurements. The evaporative fluxes from the standard method and the new advanced method were compared with eddy covariance fluxes, and it was found that the advanced method is superior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcooper@lanl.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.2134/agronj2005.0110s PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 125CJ UT WOS:000243418800033 ER PT J AU Jackson, SI Shepherd, JE AF Jackson, S. I. Shepherd, J. E. TI Toroidal imploding detonation wave initiator for pulse detonation engines SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVES; STABILITY AB Imploding toroidal detonation waves were used to initiate detonations in propane-air and ethylene-air mixtures inside of a tube. The imploding wave was generated by an initiator consisting of an array of channels filled with acetylene-oxygen gas and ignited with a single spark. The initiator was designed as a low-drag initiator tube for use with pulse detonation engines. To detonate hydrocarbon-air mixtures, the initiator was overfilled so that some acetylene oxygen spilled into the tube. The overfill amount required to detonate propane air was less than 2% of the volume of the I-m-long, 76-mm-diam tube. The energy necessary to create an implosion strong enough to detonate propane-air mixtures was estimated to be 13% more than that used by a typical initiator tube, although the initiator was also estimated to use less oxygen. Images and pressure traces show a regular, repeatable imploding wave that generates focal pressures in excess of 6 times the Chapman-jouguet pressure. A theoretical analysis of the imploding toroidal wave performed using Whitham's method was found to agree well with experimental data and showed that, unlike imploding cylindrical and spherical geometries, imploding toroids initially experience a period of diffraction before wave focusing occurs. A nonreacting numerical simulation was used to assist in the interpretation of the experimental data. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jackson, SI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock Detonat Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Shepherd, Joseph/B-5997-2014; OI Shepherd, Joseph/0000-0003-3181-9310; Jackson, Scott/0000-0002-6814-3468 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.2514/1.24662 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 130WU UT WOS:000243830500025 ER PT S AU Bradonjic, M Hagberg, A Percus, AG AF Bradonjic, Milan Hagberg, Aric Percus, Allon G. BE Bonato, A Chung, FRK TI Giant component and connectivity in geographical threshold graphs SO ALGORITHMS AND MODELS FOR THE WEB-GRAPH SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Algorithms and Models for the Web-Graph CY DEC 11-12, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, Google, Yahoo Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Springer, Lecture Notes Comp Sci, Univ Calif, San Diego DE random graph; geographical threshold graph; giant component; connectivity AB The geographical threshold graph model is a random graph model with nodes distributed in a Euclidean space and edges assigned through a function of distance and node weights. We study this model and give conditions for the absence and existence of the giant component, as well as for connectivity. C1 [Bradonjic, Milan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hagberg, Aric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Analysis Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Percus, Allon G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Percus, Allon G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradonjic, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM milan@ee.ucla.edu; hagberg@lanl.gov; percus@ipara.ucla.edu FU Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Part of this work was funded by the Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-77003-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4863 BP 209 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHF98 UT WOS:000252834500018 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Perkins, S AF Theiler, James Perkins, Simon BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Resampling approach for anomalous change detection - art. no. 65651 SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; change detection; anomaly detection; machine learning; support vector machine; image registration ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING DATA; UNSUPERVISED CHANGE DETECTION; IMAGERY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We investigate the problem of identifying pixels in pairs of co-registered images that correspond to real changes on the ground. Changes that are due to environmental differences (illumination, atmospheric distortion, etc.) or sensor differences (focus, contrast, etc.) will be widespread throughout the image, and the aim is to avoid these changes in favor of changes that occur in only one or a few pixels. Formal outlier detection schemes (such as the one-class support vector machine) can identify rare occurrences, but will be confounded by pixels that are C equally rare" in both images: they may be anomalous, but they are not changes. We describe a resampling scheme we have developed that formally addresses both of these issues, and reduces the problem to a binary classification, a problem for which a large variety of machine learning tools have been developed. In principle, the effects of misregistration will manifest themselves as pervasive changes, and our method will be robust against them - but in practice, misregistration remains a serious issue. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP 65651 EP 65651 AR 65651 DI 10.1117/12.719972 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300062 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Foy, BR Fraser, AM AF Theiler, James Foy, Bernard R. Fraser, Andrew M. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Beyond the adaptive matched filter: Nonlinear detectors for weak signals in high-dimensional clutter SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE matched filter; hyperspectral imagery; adaptive signal detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING DATA; SUBSPACE DETECTORS; GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; IMAGERY; PLUMES; ALGORITHM AB For known signals that are linearly superimposed on gaussian backgrounds, the linear adaptive matched filter (AMF) is well-known to be the optimal detector. The AMF has furthermore proved to be remarkably effective in a broad range of circumstances where it is not optimal, and for which the optimal detector is not linear. In these cases. nonlinear detectors are theoretically superior, but direct estimation of nonlinear detectors in high-dimensional spaces often leads to flagrant overfitting and poor out-of-sample performance. Despite this difficulty in the general case, we will describe several situations in which nonlinearity can be effectively combined with the AMF to detect weak signals. This allows improvement over AMF performance while avoiding the full force of dimensionality's curse. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP U14 EP U25 DI 10.1117/12.719952 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300002 ER PT S AU Koudelka, ML Richards, JA Koch, MW AF Koudelka, Melissa L. Richards, John A. Koch, Mark W. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Multinomial pattern matching for high range resolution radar profiles - art. no. 65680V SO Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XIV CY APR 10-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multinomial pattern matching; HRR; target fingerprinting; target tracking; track stitching AB Airborne ground moving-target indication (GMTI) radar can track moving vehicles at large standoff distances. Unfortunately, trajectories from multiple vehicles can become kinematically ambiguous, resulting in confusion between a target vehicle of interest and other vehicles. We propose the use of high range resolution (HRR) radar profiles and multinomial pattern matching (MPM) for target fingerprinting and track stitching to overcome kinematic ambiguities. Sandia's MPM algorithm is a robust template-based identification algorithm that has been applied successfully to various target recognition problems. MPM utilizes a quantile transformation to map target intensity samples to a small number of grayscale values, or quantiles. The algorithm relies on a statistical characterization of the multinomial distribution of the sample-by-sample intensity values for target profiles. The quantile transformation and statistical characterization procedures are extremely well suited to a robust representation of targets for HRR profiles: they are invariant to sensor calibration, robust to target signature variations, and lend themselves to efficient matching algorithms. In typical HRR tracking applications, target fingerprints must be initiated on the fly from a limited number of HRR profiles. Data may accumulate indefinitely as vehicles are tracked, and their templates must be continually updated without becoming unbounded in size or complexity. To address this need, an incrementally updated version of MPM has been developed. This implementation of MPM incorporates individual HRR profiles as they become available, and fuses data from multiple aspect angles for a given target to aid in track stitching. This paper provides a description of the incrementally updated version of MPM. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sensor Exploitat Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koudelka, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Sensor Exploitat Applicat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6690-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6568 BP V5680 EP V5680 AR 65680V DI 10.1117/12.720873 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGK80 UT WOS:000248066900027 ER PT S AU Zhi, D Shatsky, M Brenner, SE AF Zhi, Degui Shatsky, Maxim Brenner, Steven E. BE Giancarlo, R Hannenhalli, S TI Alignment-free local structural search by writhe decomposition SO Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2007) CY SEP 08-09, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; CLASSIFICATION; SIMILARITY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhi, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74125-1 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT PY 2007 VL 4645 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Biology; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BGQ41 UT WOS:000249739200017 ER PT S AU Dhanik, A Yao, P Marz, N Propper, R Kou, C Liu, GF van den Bedem, H Latombe, JC AF Dhanik, Ankur Yao, Peggy Marz, Nathan Propper, Ryan Kou, Charles Liu, Guanfeng van den Bedem, Henry Latombe, Jean-Claude BE Giancarlo, R Hannenhalli, S TI Efficient algorithms to explore conformation spaces of flexible protein loops SO Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Proceedings SE LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2007) CY SEP 08-09, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA ID INVERSE-KINEMATICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CLOSURE; PREDICTION; ENSEMBLES AB Two efficient and complementary sampling algorithms are presented to explore the space of closed clash-free conformations of a flexible protein loop. The "seed sampling" algorithm samples conformations broadly distributed over this space, while the "deformation sampling" algorithm uses these conformations as starting points to explore more finely selected regions of the space. Computational results are shown for loops ranging from 5 to 25 residues. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dhanik, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74125-1 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT PY 2007 VL 4645 BP 265 EP 276 PG 12 WC Biology; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BGQ41 UT WOS:000249739200024 ER PT J AU DeGusta, D Boorei, JL Fourcadei, HM Engel, D Morgan, J Gignoux, R AF DeGusta, D. Boorei, J. L. Fourcadei, H. M. Engel, D. Morgan, J. Gignoux, R. TI Primate phylogeny and divergence dates based on complete mitochondrial genomes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2007 SU 44 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 142NK UT WOS:000244656500082 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Alia-Klein, N Tomasi, D Zhang, L Cottone, LA Maloney, T Telang, F Caparelli, EC Chang, L Ernst, T Samaras, D Squires, NK Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, Rita Z. Alia-Klein, Nelly Tomasi, Dardo Zhang, Lei Cottone, Lisa A. Maloney, Thomas Telang, Frank Caparelli, Elisabeth C. Chang, Linda Ernst, Thomas Samaras, Dimitris Squires, Nancy K. Volkow, Nora D. TI Is decreased prefrontal cortical sensitivity to monetary reward associated with impaired motivation and self-control in cocaine addiction? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Neuropsychopharmacology CY DEC 11-15, 2005 CL Waikoloa, HI SP Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat ID HUMAN ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER INTEGRITY; HUMAN BRAIN; ACTIVATION; INVOLVEMENT; FMRI; METHYLPHENIDATE; EXPERIENCE; DEPENDENCE; RESPONSES AB Objective: This study attempted to examine the brain's sensitivity to monetary rewards of different magnitudes in cocaine abusers and to study its association with motivation and self-control. Method: Sixteen cocaine abusers and 13 matched healthy comparison subjects performed a forced-choice task under three monetary value conditions while brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Objective measures of state motivation were assessed by reaction time and accuracy, and subjective measures were assessed by self-reports of task engagement. Measures of trait motivation and self-control were assessed with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results: The cocaine abusers demonstrated an overall reduced regional brain responsivity to differences between the monetary value conditions. Also, in comparison subjects but not in cocaine abusers, reward-induced improvements in performance were associated with self-reports of task engagement, and money-induced activations in the lateral prefrontal cortex were associated with parallel activations in the orbitofrontal cortex. For cocaine abusers, prefrontal cortex sensitivity to money was instead associated with motivation and self-control. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in cocaine addiction 1) activation of the corticolimbic reward circuit to gradations of money is altered; 2) the lack of a correlation between objective and subjective measures of state motivation may be indicative of disrupted perception of motivational drive, which could contribute to impairments in self-control; and 3) the lateral prefrontal cortex modulates trait motivation and deficits in self-control, and a possible underlying mechanism may encompass a breakdown in prefrontal-orbitofrontal cortical communication. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rgoldstein@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR-10710, M01 RR010710, M01 RR010710-070110]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA/OD09481-04, R01 AA009481-06]; NIDA NIH HHS [1K23-DA-15517-01, DA-06891-06, K02-DA-16991, K23 DA015517, K23 DA015517-01, K24-DA-16170, R01 DA006891, R01 DA006891-03, R03 DA017070, R03 DA017070-01, R03-DA-017070-01] NR 41 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 164 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.1.43 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 122VX UT WOS:000243256400012 PM 17202543 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Telang, F Jayne, M Wong, C AF Volkow, Nora D. Wang, Gene-Jack Fowler, Joanna S. Telang, Frank Jayne, Millard Wong, Christopher TI Stimulant-induced enhanced sexual desire as a potential contributing factor in HIV transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BRAIN; DOPAMINE; BEHAVIOR; METHYLPHENIDATE; METHAMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; AMPHETAMINE; USERS; MEN AB Objective: Stimulant abuse is associated with an increased risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV). Although sharing of contaminated needles is one of the routes by which HIV is spread, noninjection abusers are also at high risk. The authors investigated the effect of the stimulant drug methylphenidate ( given intravenously) on sexual desire as a possible contributing factor to risky sexual behavior associated with the contraction of HIV. Method: The effects of intravenous methylphenidate ( 0.5 mg/kg) on self-reports of sexual desire ( rated from 0-10) were evaluated in 39 comparison subjects and 39 cocaine abusers. Results: Intravenous methylphenidate significantly increased self-reports of sexual desire in comparison subjects ( 1.4 versus 3.7) and cocaine abusers ( 2.8 versus 4.8). Conclusions: Stimulant-induced enhancement of sexual desire could be one mechanism by which stimulant drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine increase the risk for HIV transmission even when they are not injected. C1 NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, 6001 Execut Blvd,Rm 5274, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 17 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 164 IS 1 BP 157 EP U7 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.1.157 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 122VX UT WOS:000243256400028 PM 17202559 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS Guthrie, GD Hickmott, DD Navrotsky, A AF Xu, Hongwu Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Yusheng Guthrie, George D. Hickmott, Donald D. Navrotsky, Alexandra TI Compressibility and pressure-induced amorphization of guest-free melanophlogite: An in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE melanophlogite; clathrasil; pressure-induced amorphization; compressibility; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ID ALPHA-QUARTZ; REVERSIBLE AMORPHIZATION; STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; ZEOLITES; SILICA; CLATHRASILS; STISHOVITE; EQUATION AB Melanophlogite, a clathrasit, possesses a framework of corner-linked silica tetrahedra forming framework cavities that can enclose small guest molecules. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments of the guest-free melanophlogite have been conducted at pressures up to 12 GPa and temperatures up to 1473 K. Upon compression at room temperature, melanophlogite gradually lost its crystallinity and became completely X-ray amorphous at similar to 8 GPa. The amorphization process was similar to those of denser silica polymorphs, but it reached completion at a much lower pressure (e.g., quartz becomes X-ray amorphous at similar to 30 GPa). The decreased amorphization pressure of melanophlogite may be attributed to its lower framework density and the ease of bending of its Si-O-Si linkages, thereby accelerating the collapse of the structure under high pressure. Determination of cell volumes of melanophlogite prior to its amorphization yielded a room-temperature bulk modulus of 26.3 +/- 1.7 GPa, which is consistent with the relatively large compressibilities reported for the structurally similar zeolites. When heated at similar to 8 GPa, the amorphous phase started to crystallize at 873 K into coesite, the stable silica phase at these pressure and temperature conditions. Thus the occurrence of pressure-induced amorphization in melanophlogite appears to result from the kinetic hindrance to its transformation to the thermodynamically stable coesite. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Therochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT, ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Xu, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hxu@lanl.gov RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2195 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 127UE UT WOS:000243611000017 ER PT S AU Biswas, R Pan, B AF Biswas, Rana Pan, Bicai BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Simulation of realistic core-shell silicon nanowires SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON; SURFACES AB We have developed an efficient scheme for simulating silicon nanowires with crystalline cores and amorphous sheaths, using molecular dynamics. By starting with a crystalline nanowire and performing high temperature anneal an amorphous outer sheath can be grown with controlled thickness on the nanowire. Simulations for [001] nanowires with diameters of 12 nm find low energy facets between the amorphous and crystalline layers. Simulations for [110] nanowires find weak faceting and an inhomogeneous amorphous-crystalline boundary. C1 Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700002 ER PT S AU Datta, S Cohen, JD Golledge, SL Xu, YQ Mahan, AH Doyle, JR Branz, HM AF Datta, Shouvik Cohen, J. David Golledge, Steve L. Xu, Yueqin Mahan, A. H. Doyle, James R. Branz, Howard M. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI The effect of oxygen contamination on the electronic properties of hot-wire CVD amorphous silicon germanium alloys SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEFECTS; FILMS AB A series of four a-Si,Ge:H alloy samples with Ge fractions near 30 at.% were deposited by hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) using a Ta filament maintained at 1800 degrees C. During film growth, the level of oxygen contamination was varied from less than 10(19) cm(-3) to roughly 5 x 10(20) cm(-3) using a controlled air-leak. The electronic properties of these films were then characterized using transient photocapacitance (TPC) and transient photocurrent (TPI) spectroscopy, as well as the drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP) techniques. We observed an unexpected systematic improvement of the electronic properties of these HWCVD a-Si,Ge:H with increasing oxygen impurity level, which was reflected by a decrease in the deduced Urbach energies. Comparing these with films co-deposited on stainless-steel versus p+ c-Si substrates, we found significantly better electronic properties in the latter case. Comparisons of the TPC and TPI spectra indicated a very high level of hole collection, consistent with these narrow bandtail distributions. C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, CAMCOR, Surface Analyt Facil, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Oregon, 1371 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700006 ER PT S AU Chawda, S Mawyin, J Mahan, H Fortmann, C Halada, G AF Chawda, Samrat Mawyin, Jose Mahan, Harv Fortmann, Charles Halada, Gary BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Phononic amorphous silicon: Theory, material, and devices SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The prospect of using phonons in amorphous silicon to convey information from one location to another is investigated. It is known,that the phonon lifetime in amorphous silicon is anomalously long and the phonon diffusivity is relatively large as compared to crystal silicon and other materials. A commercial Raman spectrometer measuring from the film side operating at 785 nm was used in conjuncture with a 470 nm bias light illuminating the glass side of amorphous silicon films deposited onto glass substrates. All measurements were conducted at liquid nitrogen, temperature. Analysis indicates a phonon diffusion length of a least 0.5 mu m. These results directly lead to tantalizing prospects for phonon engineered amorphous silicon technology. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chawda, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700016 ER PT S AU Kosarev, A Sanchez, L Torres, A Felter, T Ilinskii, A Kudrjavtsev, Y Asomoza, R AF Kosarev, A. Sanchez, L. Torres, A. Felter, T. Ilinskii, A. Kudrjavtsev, Y. Asomoza, R. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Effect of hydrogen dilution on structure and electronic properties of Ge : H and GeySi1-y films deposited by low frequency plasma SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON-GERMANIUM ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB We report on a systematic study of growth rate, surface morphology, hydrogen and oxygen incorporation, optical and electrical properties in Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H, Y > 0.85 films, deposited in a capacitive reactor by low frequency PE CVD. Silane and germane were used as feed gases diluted by hydrogen. Hydrogen dilution is characterized by R= Q(H2)/[Q(SiH4)+Q(GeH4)], where Q(H2), Q(SiH4), and Q(GeH4) are gas flows of hydrogen, silane and germane, respectively. The flow was varied in the range of R=20 to 80. Composition of the films was characterized by SIMS profiling. We did not observed a significant change of the deposition rate V-d in GeYSi1-Y:H films over the range of R, while for Ge:H films V-d was significantly reduced for R > 50. AFM characterization of the surface morphology demonstrated that at R=50 average height < H >(R) reached a maximum in both Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H films, while average diameter < D >(R) had a minimum in GeYSi1-Y:H films and maximum in Ge:H films. Both Ge:H and GeYSi1-Y:H films demonstrated a change of E-04 in the studied range of R, and a minimum clearly appeared in Delta E at R=50-60 suggesting significant reduction in weak bonds of these films. The activation energy of conductivity Ea slightly increases with R in Ge:H films and shows no definitive trend in GeYSi1-Y :H: films. Both FUR and SIMS data show a general trend of decreasing hydrogen and oxygen content with R. These two types of films showed different behavior and correlations between surface morphology and optical and electrical properties. C1 Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect, Puebla 72000, Mexico. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72050, Mexico. CINVESTAV, IPN, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Kosarev, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect, Puebla 72000, Mexico. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700022 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, SP Roy, B Mahan, AH Ginley, DS AF Ahrenkiel, S. P. Roy, B. Mahan, A. H. Ginley, D. S. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Grain nucleation and grain growth during crystallization of HWCVD a-Si : H films SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION AB Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films of high and low hydrogen content were deposited directly on molybdenum, carbon-coated TEM grids by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The material was annealed at 600 degrees C and 630 degrees C for variable times to achieve various degrees of crystallinity. The films thickness of 100 nm allowed characterization by TEM without additional thinning. The grain growth in such thin films is nearly two-dimensional, allowing clear identification of crystalline and amorphous regions. Thus, the crystalline volume fraction can be tracked by simple image-processing methods. The evolution of crystallization by grain nucleation and growth for these films is accurately described by classical phase-change kinetics. Analysis of the randomly distributed grains at early stages of crystallization also provides the average areal grain number density and grain size. From the image analysis, we determine the grain nucleation rate and the grain growth velocity. The final grain size is then estimated by extrapolation to the fully crystallized state, assuming the kinetic parameters remain constant after the onset of crystallization. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, SP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700025 ER PT S AU Pan, W Dunn, RG Carroll, MS Wang, YQ AF Pan, Wei Dunn, R. G. Carroll, M. S. Wang, Y. Q. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Experimental studies of photoluminescence in Mn-ion implanted silicon rich oxide thin film SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRONICS AB In this paper, we wish to report our preliminary experimental results from the photoluminescence (PL) studies in a Mn-ion implanted silicon-rich oxide (SRO) thin film. At 4 K, a broad PL peak, centered at similar to 1.2 eV, was observed. It is blue-shifted from the Si substrate peak at similar to 1.1 eV. The temperature (T) dependence of PL was carried out at zero magnetic (13) field and B = 0.5 Tesla, respectively, and showed quantitatively different behaviors. At B = 0, the PL intensity increases very slowly at low temperatures and reaches a maximal value at similar to 40 K. It then decreases as T is further increased. At B = 0.5 Tesla, the peak temperature (T-peak), whether the intensity is maximal, moves to similar to 80-100 K, and the decreasing rate beyond T-peak is much smaller than that at B = 0. We speculate that these two different behaviors might reveal, possibly, a ferromagnetic ordering in Mn-ion doped silicon nanocrystals. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pan, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700033 ER PT S AU Teplin, CW Page, MW Iwaniczko, EW Jones, KM Ready, RM To, BM Moutinho, HM Wang, QM Branz, HM AF Teplin, Charles W. Page, Matthew W. Iwaniczko, Eugene W. Jones, Kim M. Ready, Robert M. To, Bobby M. Moutinho, Helio M. Wang, Qi M. Branz, Howard M. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Roughness, impurities and strain in low-temperature epitaxial silicon films grown by tantalum filament hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; HOMOEPITAXY; SI; SI(100); TRANSITION; BREAKDOWN; CVD AB We grow epitaxial silicon films onto (100) silicon wafers from pure silane by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). The films grow epitaxially for a thickness h(epi) before a-Si:H cones nucleate and expand. We study the dependence of h(epi) on growth rate and the differences between Ta and W filaments. The surface morphology of thin but completely epitaxial films are studied in order to correlate the surface roughness during growth With the eventual epitaxial breakdown thickness. Surface roughness, strain and H at the wafer/film interface are not likely to cause the observed breakdown. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 343 EP 352 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700050 ER PT S AU Stradins, P Yan, Y Reedy, R Young, DL Teplin, CW Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Jones, K Teeter, G Mahan, AH Branz, HM Wang, Q AF Stradins, Paul Yan, Yanfa Reedy, Robert Young, David L. Teplin, Charles W. Iwaniczko, Eugene Xu, Yueqin Jones, Kim Teeter, Glenn Mahan, A. Harv Branz, Howard M. Wang, Qi BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Physics of solid-phase epitaxy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon for thin film Si photovoltaics SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID KINETICS; LAYERS AB Solid state crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) prepared by hot-wire CVD is studied in solid phase epitaxy mode. By using a novel optical method combined with cross-sectional TEM and SIMS, a reduction of epitaxial growth speed is observed with increase in a-Si:H film thickness. Namely, in films thinner that 0.9 micron, solid. phase epitaxy velocity depends linearly on film thickness. As the film thickness increases beyond 1 micron, the average velocity of solid phase epitaxy decreases considerably with respect to that in thinner films. In this regime, its velocity becomes also time-dependent: initial slow propagation of crystallization front gets considerably accelerated after the front has traveled above 400nm. SIMS depth profiles of hydrogen shows considerably more residual hydrogen in thicker films after the start of solid phase epitaxy. In addition, prolonged pre-dehydrogenation at lower temperatures results in the increase in the average epitaxy speed in thicker films. These phenomena are likely related to delayed hydrogen outdiffusion in thicker films, which also leads to time-dependent speed of the solid-phase epitaxy front. Thus, the excess residual hydrogen in CVD films reduces the rate of solid-phase crystalline growth, similarly to earlier results on H-implantation and indiffusion. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stradins, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 365 EP 370 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700053 ER PT S AU Anderson, ML Young, RW Nakakura, CY AF Anderson, M. L. Young, R. W. Nakakura, C. Y. BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Dynamic measurements of MEMS-based field effect transistors using scanning capacitance microscopy SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this research, we have employed scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) to image 2D carrier profiles of a MEMS device. Multiple device states were examined for changes in carrier response as a function of applied bias. First, experimental and simulated dopant profiles of the source and drain pn junctions were measured with device contacts grounded. Their comparison revealed good agreement. Scanning capacitance microscopy was then used to image changes in carrier distribution within the channel of the device while independent bias voltages were applied to the source, gate, drain, and well regions. Device operation was confirmed by simultaneously measuring the drain current. The SCM image contrast directly beneath the gate was observed to change as a function of applied gate bias voltage. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700070 ER PT S AU Sharif, K Abu-Safe, HH Naseem, HA Brown, WD Jassim, MA Kishore, R AF Sharif, Khalil Abu-Safe, Husam H. Naseem, Hameed A. Brown, William D. Jassim, Mowafak Al- Kishore, Ram BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Epitaxial silicon thin films by low temperature aluminum induced cryst allization of amorphous silicon SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH; SI AB Epitaxial silicon thin film growth has been achieved on crystalline silicon substrates using aluminum induced crystallization of amorphous silicon. The phenomenon of layer inversion has been utilized in this process. Silicon wafers < 100 > were used as the starting crystalline structure for the grown films. After the wafer is cleaned a thin layer of aluminum (300 nm) was deposited by sputtering. This deposition was followed by 300 nm film of amorphous silicon deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. After annealing the samples for 40 minutes at 525 degrees C, a continuous film of silicon was formed on the silicon substrate. X-ray diffraction spectrum indicated that this film has the same orientation as that of the substrate. Scanning electron microscopy cross section images showed indistinguishable interface between the substrate and the crystallized film. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy studies of the crystallized structure showed epitaxial nature of the films. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Arkansas Photovoltaic Res Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Sharif, K (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Arkansas Photovoltaic Res Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700073 ER PT S AU Yan, BJ Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM Yang, J Guha, S AF Yan, Baojie Jiang, C.-S. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. Yang, Jeffrey Guha, Subhendu BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI Local current flow in mixed-phase silicon solar cells and correlation to light-induced open-circuit voltage enhancement SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HYDROGEN DILUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; FILMS; SI AB We use conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) to measure the local current flow in the mixed-phase hydrogenated silicon n-i-p solar cell structure without the top ITO contact. The forward biased C-AFM images reveal that for the fully amorphous region the current is very low on the entire surface. However, high current spikes appear in the mixed-phase region, where the current spikes are correlated to the formation of nanocrystallite aggregations with a diameter of similar to 500 nm. Furthermore, the density of the current spikes increases from the mixed-phase to the substantially nanocrystalline regions. The nanocrystallite aggregation supports our previously proposed parallel-connected two-diode model for V. drops with crystalline volume fraction and light-induced V-oc increase in the mixed-phase solar cells. Adding a 50-nm thick a-Si:H buffer layer between the p and i layers significantly reduces the magnitude of the high current spikes, even though the top morphology appears unaffected. This result is also consistent with the previously proposed two-diode model for explaining the carrier transport in the mixed-phase solar cells. C1 United Solar Ovon Corp, Troy, MI 48084 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, BJ (reprint author), United Solar Ovon Corp, 1100 W Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700094 ER PT S AU Wang, T Page, MP Iwancizko, E Xu, YQ Yan, YF Roybal, L Levi, D Bauer, R Branz, HM Wang, Q AF Wang, Tihu Page, Matt P. Iwancizko, Eugene Xu, Yueqin Yan, Yanfa Roybal, Lorenzo Levi, Dean Bauer, Russell Branz, Howard M. Wang, Qi BE Wagner, S Chu, V Atwater, HA Yamamoto, K Zan, HW TI 17.8%-efficient amorphous silicon heterojunction solar cells on p-type silicon wafers SO Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology 2006 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2006 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 18-21, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION AB We have achieved an independently-confirmed 17.8% conversion efficiency in a 1-cm(2), p-type, float-zone silicon (FZ-Si) based heterojunction solar cell. Both the front emitter and back contact are hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). This is the highest reported efficiency for a HWCVD silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. Two main improvements lead to our most recent increases in efficiency: 1) the use of textured Si wafers, and 2) the application of a-Si:H heterojunctions on both sides of the cell. Despite the use of textured c-Si to increase the short-circuit current, we were able to maintain the same 0.65 V open-circuit voltage as on flat c-Si. This is achieved by coating a-Si:H conformally on the c-Si surfaces, including covering the tips of the anisotropically-etched pyramids. A brief atomic H treatment before emitter deposition is not necessary on the textured wafers, though it was helpful in the flat wafers. It is essential to high efficiency SHJ solar cells that the emitter grows abruptly as amorphous silicon, instead of as microcrystalline or epitaxial Si. The contact on each side of the cell comprises a thin (< 5 nm) low substrate temperature (similar to 100 degrees C) intrinsic a-Si:H layer, followed by a doped layer. Our intrinsic layers are deposited at 0.3-1.2 nm/s. The doped emitter and back-contact layers were deposited at a higher temperature (> 200 degrees C) and grown from PH3/SiH4/H-2 and B2H6/SiH4/H-2 doping gas mixtures, respectively. This combination of low (intrinsic) and high (doped layer) growth temperatures was optimized by lifetime and surface recombination velocity measurements. Our rapid efficiency advance suggests that HWCVD may have advantages over plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD in fabrication of high-efficiency heterojunction c-Si cells; there is no need for process optimization to avoid plasma damage to the delicate, high-quality, Si wafer. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80410 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80410 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-866-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 910 BP 731 EP 736 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFZ77 UT WOS:000245670700104 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Yan, B Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM Yang, J Guha, S AF Jiang, C. -S. Yan, B. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. Yang, J. Guha, S. BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI Light soaking and thermal annealing effects on the micro-electrical properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase silicon solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE AB We report on the measurement of local current flow in hydrogenated amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase n-i-p silicon solar cells in the initial, light-soaked, and annealed states using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The C-AFM measurement shows that the nanometer-size grains aggregate and the local current densities in the nanocrystalline aggregation areas significantly decreased after light soaking and recovered to similar values as the initial state after annealing at a high temperature in vacuum. This result supports the twoparallel-connected-diode model for explaining the light-induced open-circuit voltage increase in the mixed-phase solar cells. C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Moutinho, H. R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300003 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Page, MR Lwancizko, E Xu, Y Roybal, L Bauer, R Levi, D Yan, Y Wang, T Branz, HM AF Wang, Qi Page, Matt R. Lwancizko, Eugene Xu, Yueqin Roybal, Lorenzo Bauer, Russell Levi, Dean Yan, Yanfa Wang, Tilm Branz, Howard M. BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI High open-circuit voltage in silicon heterojunction solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB High open-circuit voltage (V-oc) silicon heterejunction (SHJ) solar cells are fabricated in double-heterojunction a-Si:H/c-Si/a-Si:H structures using low temperature (<225 degrees C) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) contacts deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). On p-type c-Si float-zone wafers, we used an amorphous n/i contact to the top surface and an i/p contact to the back surface to obtain a V-oc of 667 mV in a 1 cm(2) cell with an efficiency of 18.2%. This is the best reported p-type SHJ voltage. In our labs, it improves over the 652 mV cell obtained with a front amorphous n/i heterejunction emitter and a high-temperature alloyed At back-surface-field contact. On n-type c-Si float-zone wafers, we used an a-Si:H (p/i) front emitter and an a-Si:H (i/n) back contact to achieve a V-oc of 691 mV on 1 cm2 cell. Though not as high as the 730 mV reported by Sanyo on n-wafers, this is the highest reported V-oc for SHJ c-Si cells processed by the HWCVD technique. We found that effective c-Si surface cleaning and a double-heterojunction are keys to obtaining high V-oc Transmission electron microscopy reveals that high V-oc cells require an abrupt interface from c-Si to a-Si:H. If the transition from the base wafer to the a-Si:H incorporates either microcrystalline or epitaxial Si at c-Si interface, a low V-oc will result. Lifetime measurement shows that the back-surface-recombination velocity (BSRV) can be reduced to similar to 15 cm/s through a-Si:H passivation. Amorphous silicon heterojunction layers on crystalline wafers thus combine low-surface recombination velocity with excellent carrier extraction. C1 [Wang, Qi; Page, Matt R.; Lwancizko, Eugene; Xu, Yueqin; Roybal, Lorenzo; Bauer, Russell; Levi, Dean; Yan, Yanfa; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, EDMD, Golden, CO 80410 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, EDMD, Golden, CO 80410 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300006 ER PT S AU Carroll, M Childs, K Serkland, D Jarecki, R Bauer, T Saiz, K AF Carroll, Malcolm Childs, Kent Serkland, Darwin Jarecki, Robert Bauer, Todd Saiz, Kevin BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI Germanium-silicon separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodetectors fabricated with low temperature high density plasma chemical vapor deposited germanium SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SI; GE AB In this paper, we evaluate a commercially available high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD) process to grow low temperature (i.e., Tin-situ & T-epitaxy < similar to 460 degrees C) germanium epitaxy for a p(+)-Ge/p-Si/n(+)-Si NIR separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodetectors (SAM-APD). A primary concern for SAM-APDs in this material system is that high fields will not be sustainable across a highly defective Ge/Si interface. We show Ge-Si SAM-APDs that show avalanche multiplication and avalanche breakdown. A dark current of similar to 0.1 mA/cm(2) and a 3.2 x 10(-4) A/W responsivity at 1310 nm were measured at punch-through. An over 400x photocurrent multiplication was demonstrated at room temperature. These results indicate that high avalanche multiplication gain is achievable in these Ge/Si heterostructures; despite the highly defective interface and therefore trap assisted tunneling through the defective Ge/Si interface is not dominant at high fields. C1 [Carroll, Malcolm] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carroll, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M S 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300044 ER PT S AU Stradins, P Kunz, O Young, DL Yan, YF Jones, KM Xu, YQ Reedy, RC Branz, HM Aberle, AG Wang, Q AF Stradins, Paul Kunz, Oliver Young, David L. Yan, Yanfa Jones, Kim M. Xu, Yueqin Reedy, Robert C. Branz, Howard M. Aberle, Armin G. Wang, Qi BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI Comparative study of solid-phase crystallization of amorphous silicon deposited by hot-wire CVD, plasma-enhanced CVD, and electron-beam evaporation SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GLASS AB Solid-phase crystallization (SPC) rates are compared in amorphous silicon films prepared by three different methods: hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and electron-beam physical vapor deposition (e-beam). Random SPC proceeds approximately 5 and 13 times slower in PECVD and e-beam films, respectively, as compared to HWCVD films. Doping accelerates random SPC in e-beam films but has little effect on the SPC rate of HWCVD films. In contrast, the crystalline growth front in solid-phase epitaxy experiments on (100)-oriented silicon wafer substrates propagates at similar speed in HWCVD, PECVD, and e-beam amorphous Si films. This strongly suggests that the observed large differences in random SPC rates originate from different nucleation rates in these materials while the grain growth rates are relatively similar. The larger grain sizes observed for films that exhibit slower random SPC support this suggestion. C1 [Stradins, Paul; Young, David L.; Yan, Yanfa; Jones, Kim M.; Xu, Yueqin; Reedy, Robert C.; Branz, Howard M.; Wang, Qi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stradins, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300057 ER PT S AU Levi, D Iwanizcko, E Johnston, S Wang, Q Branz, HM AF Levi, Dean Iwanizcko, Eugene Johnston, Steve Wang, Qi Branz, Howard M. BE Chu, V Miyazaki, S Nathan, A Yang, J Zan, HW TI Materials optimization for silicon heterojunction solar cells using spectroscopic ellipsometry SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SURFACES AB We have used hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) to fabricate silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells on p-type FZ silicon substrates with efficiencies as high as 18.2%. The best cells are deposited on anisotropically-textured (100) silicon substrates where an etching process creates pyramidal facets with (111) crystal faces. Texturing increases J(sc) through enhanced light trapping, yet our highest V-proportional to devices are deposited on un-textured (100) substrates. One of the key factors in maximizing the efficiency of our SHJ devices is the process of optimization of the material properties of the 3 - 5 nm thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers used to create the junction and back contact in these cells. Such optimization is technically challenging because of the difficulty in measuring the properties of extremely thin layers. In this study, we have utilized spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and photoconductivity decay to conclude that a-Si:H films grown on (111) substrates are substantially similar to films grown on (100) substrates. In addition, analysis of the substrate temperature dependence of surface roughness evolution reveals a substrate-independent mechanism of surface smoothening with an activation energy of 0.28 eV. Analysis of the substrate temperature dependence of surface passivation reveals a passivation mechanism with an activation energy of 0.63 eV. C1 [Levi, Dean; Iwanizcko, Eugene; Johnston, Steve; Wang, Qi; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-949-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 989 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BGY18 UT WOS:000251293300083 ER PT S AU Jager, HI Bevelhimer, MS Lepla, KB Chandler, JA Van Winkle, W AF Jager, Henriette I. Bevelhimer, Mark S. Lepla, Ken B. Chandler, James A. Van Winkle, Webb BE Munro, J TI Evaluation of reconnection options for white sturgeon in the Snake River using a population viability model SO ANADROMOUS STURGEONS: HABITATS, THREATS, AND MANAGEMENT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Anadromous Sturgeons - Status and Trends, Anthropogenic Impacts, and Essential Habitats CY AUG 11-13, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID HABITAT; REPRODUCTION; LADDERS; CHUTES; GAMES; PLAY AB This paper describes a simulation study of reconnection options for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus subpopulations in adjacent river segments above and below CJ Strike Dam on the Snake River, Idaho, USA. In contrast to the downstream river segment, the upstream river segment is long and has areas that are suitable for spawning during normal and wet hydrologic conditions. We evaluated demographic and genetic consequences of upstream and downstream passage using different model assumptions about trashrack spacing and density-dependent effects on the spawning interval. Our genetic results predict that, although reconnection would introduce new alleles to the upstream subpopulation, it would also preserve alleles from the downstream subpopulation by propagating them in the larger subpopulation above the dam. Our demographic results predict that halving the space between trashracks would have large and unequivocal benefits, whereas the predicted effects of reconnection were smaller and more sensitive to model assumptions. Simulated upstream passage tended to benefit both subpopulations only in the absence of density-dependent limitation. In the presence of density dependence, the combination of halved trashrack spacing and upstream and downstream passage produced the best results. Narrower trashracks kept spawning adults in the upstream segment with spawning habitat, while allowing their progeny to migrate downstream. Screening appears to be the best option for such a species in this configuration of a long river segment acting as a demographic source above a short one acting as a demographic sink. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-91-9 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 56 BP 319 EP 335 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BGJ43 UT WOS:000247562200018 ER PT S AU Bargheer, M Borowski, A Cohen, A Fushitani, M Gerber, RB Guhr, M Hamm, P Ibrahim, H Kiljunen, T Korolkov, MV Kuhn, O Manz, J Schmidt, B Schroder, M Schwentner, N AF Bargheer, Matias Borowski, Alexander Cohen, Arik Fushitani, Mizuho Gerber, R. Benny Guehr, Markus Hamm, Peter Ibrahim, Heide Kiljunen, Toni Korolkov, Mikhail V. Kuehn, Oliver Manz, Joern Schmidt, Burkhard Schroeder, Maike Schwentner, Nikolaus BE Kuhn, O Woste, L TI Coherence and control of molecular dynamics in rare gas matrices SO ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF ULTRAFAST PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAVE-PACKET INTERFEROMETRY; MEASURING FLUORESCENCE INTERFERENCE; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLVATION ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; GROUND SURFACE DYNAMICS; TRANS-CIS ISOMERIZATION; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED ALIGNMENT; RESONANT RAMAN-SPECTRA; PHASE-LOCKED PULSES C1 [Bargheer, Matias] Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Borowski, Alexander; Korolkov, Mikhail V.; Kuehn, Oliver; Manz, Joern; Schroeder, Maike] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem & Biochem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Cohen, Arik; Gerber, R. Benny] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Cohen, Arik; Gerber, R. Benny] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Fushitani, Mizuho] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Guehr, Markus] SLAC, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94075 USA. [Hamm, Peter] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ibrahim, Heide; Schwentner, Nikolaus] Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Korolkov, Mikhail V.] Natl Acad Sci, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk 220602, Byelarus. [Schmidt, Burkhard] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Math 2, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Kiljunen, Toni] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Chem, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Korolkov, Mikhail V.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Bargheer, Matias] Max Born Inst Berlin, Berlin, Germany. RP Bargheer, M (reprint author), Max Born Inst Berlin, Berlin, Germany. EM bargheer@mbi-berlin.de; borowski@chemie.fu-berlin.de; arikco@fh.huji.ac.il; fusitani@ims.ac.jp; benny@fh.huji.ac.il; mguehr@stanford.edu; phamm@pci.unizh.ch; heide.ibrahim@physik.fu-berlin.de; toni.kiljunen@jyu.fi; korolkov@chemie.fu-berlin.de; ok@chemie.fu-berlin.de; manz@chemie.fu-berlin.de; burkhard@math.fu-berlin.de; maikesch@chemie.fu-berlin.de; schwentner@physik.fu-berlin.de RI Kuhn, Oliver/J-8808-2012; Hamm, Peter/O-1247-2013; Guehr, Markus/B-7446-2015 OI Kuhn, Oliver/0000-0002-5132-2961; Hamm, Peter/0000-0003-1106-6032; Guehr, Markus/0000-0002-9111-8981 NR 283 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68038-3 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 87 BP 257 EP 385 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-68038-3 PG 129 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BLQ31 UT WOS:000270787700004 ER PT J AU Fischer, NO Tarasow, TM Tok, JBH AF Fischer, Nicholas O. Tarasow, Theodore M. Tok, Jeffrey B. -H. TI Heightened sense for sensing: recent advances in pathogen immunoassay sensing platforms SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID LABEL-FREE DETECTION; NANOPARTICLE PROBES; PEPTIDE LIGANDS; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; MULTIPLEXED IMMUNOASSAY; ELECTRONIC DETECTION; AUTONOMOUS DETECTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; DNA; AGENTS AB Rapid and efficient sensors are essential for effective defense against the emerging threat ofbioterrorism and biological warfare. This review article describes several recent immunosensing advances that are relevant to biothreat detection. These highly diverse examples are intended to demonstrate the breadth of these immunochemical sensing systems and platforms while highlighting those technologies that are suitable for pathogen detection. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tok, JBH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tok2@llnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI065359] NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1039/b615477h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ET UT WOS:000244487700001 PM 17325749 ER PT J AU Fraga, CG Melville, AM Wright, BW AF Fraga, Carlos G. Melville, Angela M. Wright, Bob W. TI ROC-curve approach for determining the detection limit of a field chemical sensor SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID RECEIVER; CLASSIFICATION; CALIBRATION; DECISION AB The detection limit of a field chemical sensor under realistic operating conditions is determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The chemical sensor is an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) device used to detect a chemical marker in diesel fuel. The detection limit is the lowest concentration of the marker in diesel fuel that obtains the desired true-positive probability (TPP) and false-positive probability (FPP). A TPP of 0.90 and a FPP of 0.10 were selected as acceptable levels for the field sensor in this study. The detection limit under realistic operating conditions is found to be between 2 to 4 ppm (w/w). The upper value is the detection limit under challenging conditions. The ROC-based detection limit is very reliable because it is determined from multiple and repetitive sensor analyses under realistic circumstances. ROC curves also clearly illustrate and gauge the effects data preprocessing and sampling environments have on the sensor's detection limit. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fraga, CG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM carlos.fraga@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 3 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1039/b607843e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 140ET UT WOS:000244487700008 PM 17325756 ER PT J AU Zourob, M Ong, KG Zeng, KF Mouffouk, F Grimes, CA AF Zourob, Mohammed Ong, Keat G. Zeng, Kefeng Mouffouk, Fouzi Grimes, Craig A. TI A wireless magnetoelastic biosensor for the direct detection of organophosphorus pesticides SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NERVE AGENTS; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; MICROBIAL BIOSENSOR; DISCRIMINATIVE DETECTION; AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MORAXELLA SP; SENSORS AB An organophosphorus (OP) pesticide sensor was fabricated by applying a pH-sensitive polymer coating and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme onto the surface of a magnetoelastic sensor, the magnetic analogue of the better-known surface acoustic wave sensor. Organophosphorus hydrolase catalyses the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphorus compounds, which changes the pH in the hydrogel. This article describes the application of the magnetoelastic sensor for the detection of OP pesticides by measuring the changes in viscoelasticity caused by the swelling/shrinking of the pH-responsive polymer when exposed to the pesticides. The sensor was successfully used to detect paraoxon and parathion down to a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) and 8.5 x 10(-7) M respectively. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Biotechnol, Cambridge, England. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Zourob, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Biotechnol, Cambridge, England. EM mz261@cam.ac.uk NR 69 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 4 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1039/b616035b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 150TJ UT WOS:000245241200008 PM 17554413 ER PT J AU Kang, CC Chang, CC Chang, TC Liao, LJ Lou, PJ Xie, W Yeung, ES AF Kang, Chi-Chih Chang, Cheng-Chung Chang, Ta-Chau Liao, Li-Jen Lou, Pei-Jen Xie, Wenjun Yeung, Edward S. TI A handheld device for potential point-of-care screening of cancer SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; QUADRUPLEX STRUCTURE; HUMAN TELOMERES; SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; BMVC; DNA AB A simple handheld device based on the fluorescence analysis of 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide ( BMVC) stained cells was established for routine screening and potentially for early detection of cancer cells at extremely low cost. Flow cytometry assay further supported the utility of this simple device, where a preliminary study of tissue biopsy showed highly encouraging results. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chang, TC (reprint author), Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Chem, 250 Kuokuang Rd, Taichung, Taiwan. EM tcchang@po.iams.sinica.edu.tw RI Chang, Ta-Chau/F-7921-2012; OI Chang, Ta-Chau/0000-0001-5878-8556; LOU, PEI-JEN/0000-0002-3383-8593 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2007 VL 132 IS 8 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1039/b617733f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 192UU UT WOS:000248229700014 PM 17646873 ER PT J AU Li, HW McCloskey, M He, Y Yeung, ES AF Li, Hung-Wing McCloskey, Michael He, Yan Yeung, Edward S. TI Real-time dynamics of label-free single mast cell granules revealed by differential interference contrast microscopy SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microscopy; imaging; mast cells; CCD camera ID SECRETORY GRANULES; CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENTS; REGULATED EXOCYTOSIS; CHROMAFFIN GRANULES; BETA-CELLS; EOSINOPHILS; FUSION; MEMBRANE; TRACKING; VESICLE AB We demonstrate the capability of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy as a simple and useful tool for studying cellular events without fluorescence labeling. By coupling an advanced DIC microscope to a computer-controlled motorized vertical stage and a high-speed, high-resolution CCD camera, real-time three-dimensional monitoring is possible in a high-throughput manner. The performance among three modes of microscopy, bright-field, dark-field and DIC, in terms of horizontal resolving power and vertical sectioning was investigated. As a model, exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells was recorded on the subsecond time scale. Three-dimensional tracking of granules during degranulation was achieved and granule-granule fusion before plasma membrane fusion was recorded. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hunan Univ, Dept Chem, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. Hunan Univ, Ctr Biomed Imaging, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov OI Li, Hung Wing/0000-0003-4840-1965 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 387 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0403-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 118UN UT WOS:000242968000015 PM 16633786 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Timchalk, C Lin, YH AF Yantasee, Wassana Timchalk, Charles Lin, Yuehe TI Microanalyzer for biomonitoring lead (Pb) in blood and urine SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; Pb; flow injection; stripping voltammetry; urine; blood ID STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; INTERNAL STANDARD; HUMAN EXPOSURE; TOXIC METALS; WHOLE-BLOOD; ICP-MS; SYSTEM; SALIVA; COPPER; MEDIA AB Biomonitoring of lead (Pb) in blood and urine enables quantitative evaluation of human occupational and environmental exposures to Pb. State-of-the-art ICP-MS instruments can only analyze metals in laboratories, resulting in lengthy turnaround times, and they are expensive. In response to the growing need for a metal analyzer capable of on-site, real-time monitoring of trace toxic metals in individuals, we developed a portable microanalyzer based on flow-injection/stripping voltammetry (ASV), and validated the system using rat blood and urine spiked with known amounts of Pb. Fouling of electrodes by proteins often prevents the effective use of electrochemical sensors in biological matrices. Minimization of such fouling was accomplished with suitable sample pretreatment and by establishing turbulent flow of blood and urine containing Pb onto the electrode inside the microanalyzer, which resulted in no apparent electrode fouling even when the samples contained 50% urine or 10% blood by volume. No matrix effect was observed for the voltammetric Pb signals, even when the samples contained 10% blood or 10% urine. The microanalyzer offered linear concentration ranges relevant to Pb exposure levels in humans (0-20 ppb in 10% blood samples, 0-50 ppb in 50% urine samples). The device showed excellent sensitivity and reproducibility; Pb detection limits were 0.44 ppb and 0.46 ppb, and % R.S.D. was 4.9 and 2.4 in 50% urine and 10% blood samples, respectively. It gave similar Pb concentrations in blood and urine to those measured by ICP-MS. It offered high throughput (3 min per sample) and economical use of samples (60 mu L per measurement) as well as low reagent consumption (1 mu g of Hg per measurement), thus minimizing environmental concerns associated with mercury use. Since it is miniaturized, the microanalyzer is portable and field-deployable. Thus, it shows much promise as the next-generation analyzer for the biomonitoring of toxic metals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yuehe.Lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1 R01 ES010976-01A2] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 387 IS 1 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0940-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 118UN UT WOS:000242968000048 PM 17119936 ER PT J AU Tovar-Salazar, A Dhawan, J Lovejoy, A Liu, QA Gifford, AN AF Tovar-Salazar, Adriana Dhawan, Jasbeer Lovejoy, Anna Liu, Q. Alison Gifford, Andrew N. TI Preparation of radioiodinated peptide nucleic acids with high specific activity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peptide nucleic acid; PNA; radiolabeling; radioiodination; northern blot ID DRUG-TARGETING TECHNOLOGY; BRAIN IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; PNA; DNA; DELIVERY; CANCER AB Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have stronger affinity and greater specificity than do oligonucleotides for binding to DNA and RNA and, as such, have potential utility as probes in molecular biology applications. In this study, a novel approach for labeling the PNA with radioiodine that avoided solubility issues and poor labeling encountered when trying to radioiodinate PNAs directly in solution was developed. For this approach, a purpose-designed prosthetic group that incorporated both a radioiodinatable tyrosine and a tripbenylphosphonium (TPP) moiety was synthesized. The latter is an organic cation that combines the properties of good solubility in both aqueous and organic solvents with a strong retention by reverse phase HPLC. Following radioiodination of the TPP-based prosthetic group in phosphate buffer, the prosthetic group was purified and coupled to the terminal amine of 15-mer PNA on the solid phase resin. After cleavage and deprotection of the PNA from the resin, the presence of the TPP group resulted in a clean separation of radioiodinated PNA from unlabeled PNA, yielding a high-specific activity probe in a single HPLC run. As an example of a potential molecular biology application of the resultant I-125-labeled PNA probe, it was used to detect mRNA for the Lcn2 gene in Northern blotting. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gifford, AN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gifforda@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 360 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.008 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 123IS UT WOS:000243290200012 PM 17094934 ER PT J AU Toepke, MW Brewer, SH Vu, DM Rector, KD Morgan, JE Gennis, RB Kenis, PJA Dyer, RB AF Toepke, Michael W. Brewer, Scott H. Vu, Dung M. Rector, Kirk D. Morgan, Joel E. Gennis, Robert B. Kenis, Paul J. A. Dyer, R. Brian TI Microfluidic flow-flash: Method for investigating protein dynamics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; SHEATH FLOW; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STOPPED-FLOW; ABSORBENCY DETECTION; KINETICS; CHIP; TIME; DIOXYGEN; OXYGEN AB We report a new method, microfluidic flow-flash, for measuring protein reaction kinetics. The method couples a microscope imaging detection system with a microfluidic flow cell to reduce data acquisition times and sample consumption. This combination allows for the simultaneous collection of spectral and temporal information. The microfluidic flow cell design utilizes three-dimensional sheath flow to reduce sample dispersion and minimize sample consumption. The ability to alter the flow rates in the microfluidic flow cells allows a variety of time scales to be studied with submillisecond time resolution. The imaging detection system can be coupled with several spectroscopic probes including fluorescence and UV/visible absorbance spectroscopy. Here, we utilize the microfluidic flow-flash method to probe the kinetics of CO recombination or O-2 binding to myoglobin after the laser-induced photolysis of CO from myoglobin by UV/visible absorbance spectral imaging. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Grp PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Kenis, PJA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM kenis@uiuc.edu; bdyer@lanl.gov RI Toepke, Michael/B-7862-2010; Rector, Kirk/C-3584-2011; Kenis, Paul/S-7229-2016; OI Kenis, Paul/0000-0001-7348-0381; Vu, Dung/0000-0002-3707-4439 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 16101, R01 HL016101]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 068036, P01 GM068036] NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1021/ac061193x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 121FK UT WOS:000243143300020 PM 17194129 ER PT J AU Chapman, PJ Vogt, F Dutta, P Datskos, PG Devault, GL Sepaniak, MJ AF Chapman, Peter J. Vogt, Frank Dutta, Pampa Datskos, Panos G. Devault, Gerald L. Sepaniak, Michael J. TI Facile hyphenation of gas chromatography and a microcantilever array sensor for enhanced selectivity SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CANTILEVER ARRAY; VAPOR; IDENTIFICATION; NANOMECHANICS; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; FILMS AB The very simple coupling of a standard, packed-column gas chromatograph with a microcantilever array (MCA) is demonstrated for enhanced selectivity and potential analyte identification in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The cantilevers in MCAs are differentially coated on one side with responsive phases (RPs) and produce bending responses of the cantilevers due to analyte-induced surface stresses. Generally, individual components are difficult to elucidate when introduced to MCA systems as mixtures, although pattern recognition techniques are helpful in identifying single components, binary mixtures, or composite responses of distinct mixtures (e.g., fragrances). In the present work, simple test VOC mixtures composed of acetone, ethanol, and trichloroethylene (TCE) in pentane and methanol and acetonitrile in pentane are first separated using a standard gas chromatograph and then introduced into a MCA flow cell. Significant amounts of response diversity to the analytes in the mixtures are demonstrated across the RP-coated cantilevers of the array. Principal component analysis is used to demonstrate that only three components of a four-component VOC mixture could be identified without mixture separation. Calibration studies are performed, demonstrating a good linear response over 2 orders of magnitude for each component in the primary study mixture. Studies of operational parameters including column temperature, column flow rate, and array cell temperature are conducted. Reproducibility studies of VOC peak areas and peak heights are also carried out showing RSDs of less than 4 and 3%, respectively, for intra-assay studies. Of practical significance is the facile manner by which the hyphenation of a mature separation technique and the burgeoning sensing approach is accomplished, and the potential to use pattern recognition techniques with MCAs as a new type of detector for chromatography with analyte-identifying capabilities. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sepaniak, MJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM msepaniak@utk.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1021/ac061389x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 121FK UT WOS:000243143300053 PM 17194162 ER PT J AU Campbell, JA Szecsody, JE Devary, BJ Valenzuela, BR AF Campbell, J. A. Szecsody, J. E. Devary, B. J. Valenzuela, B. R. TI Electrospray ionization mass Spectrometry of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry; CL-20; adduct ions; explosives; propellants AB Hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (CL-20) is a newly developed propellant and has been examined using negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. The primary ions observed included adduct ions (M + Cl)(-) and (M + ONO2)(-). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Campbell, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999,Battlelle Blvd,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.campbell@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1972 EP 1978 DI 10.1080/00032710701484459 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 201WR UT WOS:000248863800011 ER PT J AU Campbell, JA Wunschel, DS Petersen, CE AF Campbell, James A. Wunschel, David S. Petersen, Catherine E. TI Analysis of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOFMS) SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE melamine; matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry; ammelide; ammeline; cyanuric acid ID MALDI; METABOLISM; ATRAZINE; RATS AB Melamine, cyanuric acid, two compounds connected to tainted pet food, and related analogs have been analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (M+H)(+) ions were observed for ammelide and ammeline under positive ion conditions with sinapinic acid as the matrix. With alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid as the matrix, a matrix-melamine complex was observed; however, no complex was observed with sinapinic acid as the matrix. (M-H)(-) was observed for cyanuric acid with sinapinic acid as the matrix. C1 [Campbell, James A.; Wunschel, David S.; Petersen, Catherine E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Campbell, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 99,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.campbell@pni.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 16-18 BP 3107 EP 3118 DI 10.1080/00032710701646131 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 244QR UT WOS:000251880900011 ER PT J AU Cui, LF Huang, X Wang, LM Li, J Wang, LS AF Cui, Li-Feng Huang, Xin Wang, Lei-Ming Li, Jun Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Endohedral stannaspherenes M@Sn-12(-): A rich class of stable molecular cage clusters SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-CLUSTERS; ZINTL IONS; SN; SI; FULLERENES; PB-12(2-); DENSITY; CARBON; ATOMS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jun.li@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011; Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980; NR 44 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 742 EP 745 DI 10.1002/anie.200603226 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131GB UT WOS:000243855500016 PM 17146818 ER PT J AU Stephens, FH Baker, RT Matus, MH Grant, DJ Dixon, DA AF Stephens, Frances H. Baker, R. Tom Matus, Myrna H. Grant, Daniel J. Dixon, David A. TI Acid initiation of ammonia-borane dehydrogenation for hydrogen storage SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE THEORY; BORON-NITROGEN BONDS; N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CATALYZED FORMATION; DIHYDROGEN BOND; HIGH-PRESSURE; BASIS-SETS; DENSITY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87507 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mailstop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87507 USA. EM bakertom@lanl.gov; dadixon@bama.ua.edu NR 38 TC 265 Z9 267 U1 5 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 746 EP 749 DI 10.1002/anie.200603285 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131GB UT WOS:000243855500017 PM 17131438 ER PT J AU Xiong, YJ McLellan, JM Yin, YD Xia, YN AF Xiong, Yujie McLellan, Joseph M. Yin, Yadong Xia, Younan TI Synthesis of palladium icosahedra with twinned structure by blocking oxidative etching with citric acid or citrate ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE citrate; etching; icosahedra; nanostructures; palladium ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COUPLING REACTIONS; SURFACE; PD; SHAPE; SIZE; NOBLE; NANOCRYSTALS C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Xiong, Yujie/G-3203-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; NR 37 TC 163 Z9 167 U1 12 U2 137 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 790 EP 794 DI 10.1002/anie.200604032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131GB UT WOS:000243855500028 PM 17177222 ER PT J AU Lindqvist-Reis, P Apostolidis, C Rebizant, J Morgenstern, A Klenze, R Walter, O Fanghanel, T Haire, RG AF Lindqvist-Reis, Patric Apostolidis, Christos Rebizant, Jean Morgenstern, Alfred Klenze, Reinhardt Walter, Olaf Faenghanel, Thomas Haire, Richard G. TI The structures and optical spectra of hydrated transplutonium ions in the solid state and in solution SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; coordination modes; EXAFS spectroscopy; hydrates; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AQUEOUS CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; ACTINIDE AQUO IONS; RARE-EARTH IONS; LASER FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; M = LA; COORDINATION HYDRATION; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; PERCHLORATE SOLUTIONS; BROMATE ENNEAHYDRATE C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Chem Tech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transuranium Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lindqvist-Reis, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM plr@ine.fzk.de NR 48 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 BP 919 EP 922 DI 10.1002/anie.200603947 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 135IE UT WOS:000244146500018 PM 17200968 ER PT J AU Jensen, H Bremholm, M Nielsen, RP Joensen, KD Pedersen, JS Birkedal, H Chen, YS Almer, J Sogaard, EG Iversen, SB Iversen, BB AF Jensen, Henrik Bremholm, Martin Nielsen, Rudi P. Joensen, Karsten D. Pedersen, Jan S. Birkedal, Henrik Chen, Yu-Sheng Almer, Jon Sogaard, Erik G. Iversen, Steen B. Iversen, Bo B. TI In situ high-energy synchrotron radiation study of sol-gel nanoparticle formation in supercritical fluids SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; nanostructures; sol-gel processes; supercritical fluids; X-ray scattering ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; NANOCRYSTALLINE ANATASE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; METAL; CRYSTALLIZATION; CHEMISTRY; NANOMATERIALS; KINETICS; TITANIA; DESIGN C1 Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Interdisciplinary NanoSci Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. SCF Technol AS, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark. JJ Xray Syst APS, DK-2740 Skovlund, Denmark. Univ Chicago, BIOCARS, CARS, Adv Photon Source,ANL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Aalborg Univ Esbjerg, Colloid & Interface Chem Grp, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM bo@chem.au.dk RI Pedersen, Jan/A-8346-2008; OI Pedersen, Jan/0000-0002-7768-0206; Birkedal, Henrik/0000-0002-4201-2179 NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1113 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/anie.200603386 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136AO UT WOS:000244195200020 PM 17203496 ER PT J AU Yu, R Zhan, Q De Jonghe, LC AF Yu, Rong Zhan, Qian De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Crystal structures of and displacive transitions in OsN2, IrN2, RuN2, and RhN2 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; high-pressure chemistry; nitrides; noble metals; phase transitions ID PLATINUM NITRIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; PHASES C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ryu@lbl.gov RI Yu, Rong/A-3011-2008 OI Yu, Rong/0000-0003-1687-3597 NR 32 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1136 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/anie.200604151 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136AO UT WOS:000244195200026 PM 17183520 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Liu, P Hrbek, J Evans, J Perez, M AF Rodriguez, Jose A. Liu, Ping Hrbek, Jan Evans, Jaime Perez, Manuel TI Water gas shift reaction on Cu and Au nanoparticles supported on CeO2(111) and ZnO(000(1)over-bar): Intrinsic activity and importance of support interactions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE copper; density functional calculations; gold; heterogeneous catalysis; water gas shift reaction ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; IN-SITU; CO OXIDATION; O VACANCIES; GOLD; CATALYSTS; CERIA; SURFACES; SIZE; ACTIVATION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 35 TC 242 Z9 245 U1 22 U2 185 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1332 DI 10.1002/anie.200603931 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 138SI UT WOS:000244382200030 PM 17205589 ER PT J AU Cooper, GJT Newton, GN Kogerler, P Long, DL Engelhardt, L Luban, M Cronin, L AF Cooper, Geoffrey J. T. Newton, Graham N. Kogerler, Paul Long, De-Liang Engelhardt, Larry Luban, Marshall Cronin, Leroy TI Structural and compositional control in {M-12} cobalt and nickel coordination clusters detected magnetochemically and with cryospray mass spectrometry SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cobalt; coordination modes; cryospray mass spectrometry; magnetic properties; nickel ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; COMPLEXES; BEHAVIOR C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Newton, Graham/A-3667-2013; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Newton, Graham/0000-0003-2246-4466; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 24 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1340 EP 1344 DI 10.1002/anie.200603870 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 138SI UT WOS:000244382200033 PM 17367096 ER PT J AU Huang, JX Fan, R Connor, S Yang, PD AF Huang, Jiaxing Fan, Rong Connor, Stephen Yang, Peidong TI One-step patterning of aligned nanowire arrays by programmed dip coating SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE capillary flow; dewetting; interfaces; nanotechnology; patterning ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; INTEGRATION; NETWORKS; GROWTH; SILVER; DROPS; WATER C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Huang, Jiaxing/B-7521-2009; Huang, Jiaxing/A-9417-2012; Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014 NR 19 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 67 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 14 BP 2414 EP 2417 DI 10.1002/anie.200604789 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 152OM UT WOS:000245371300012 PM 17328024 ER PT J AU Xiao, K Tao, J Pan, ZW Puretzky, AA Ivanov, IN Pennycook, SJ Geohegan, DB AF Xiao, Kai Tao, Jing Pan, Zhengwei Puretzky, Alex A. Ivanov, Ilia N. Pennycook, Stephen J. Geohegan, David B. TI Single-crystal organic nanowires of copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane: Synthesis, patterning, characterization, and device applications SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition; electron microscopy; molecular devices; nanostructures; organic semiconductors ID THIN-FILMS; CU; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOMATERIALS; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM; POLYMER C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xiao, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xiaok@ornl.gov; geohegandb@ornl.gov RI Xiao, Kai/A-7133-2012; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Xiao, Kai/0000-0002-0402-8276; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 22 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 15 BP 2650 EP 2654 DI 10.1002/anie.200604397 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 155YL UT WOS:000245614600023 PM 17330911 ER PT J AU McCleskey, TM Ehler, DS Keizer, TS Asthagiri, DN Pratt, LR Michalczyk, R Scott, BL AF McCleskey, T. Mark Ehler, Deborah S. Keizer, Timothy S. Asthagiri, Dilip N. Pratt, Lawrence R. Michalczyk, Ryszard Scott, Brian L. TI Beryllium displacement of H+ from strong hydrogen bonds SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE beryllium; bioinorganic chemistry; hydrogen bonds; metalloproteins ID HLA-DP; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; BINDING; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MARKER; IONS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA MC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA MC, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov; bscott@lanl.gov RI Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/A-3383-2010; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/P-9450-2016; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/0000-0001-5869-0807; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 15 BP 2669 EP 2671 DI 10.1002/anie.200604623 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 155YL UT WOS:000245614600028 PM 17348063 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Bulusu, S Zhai, HJ Zeng, XC Wang, LS AF Wang, Lei-Ming Bulusu, Satya Zhai, Hua-Jin Zeng, Xiao-Cheng Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Doping golden buckyballs: Cu@Au-16(-) and Cu@Au-17(-) cluster anions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster; copper; electronic structures; gold; photoelectron spectroscopy ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BIMETALLIC CLUSTERS; 18-ELECTRON RULE; CAGE; TRANSITION; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; WAU12 C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Zeng, XC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM xczeng@phase2.unl.edu; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011 NR 40 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 2915 EP 2918 DI 10.1002/anie.200700060 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 159YV UT WOS:000245904700031 PM 17351999 ER PT J AU Gu, W Frigato, T Straatsma, TP Helms, V AF Gu, Wei Frigato, Tomaso Straatsma, Tjerk P. Helms, Volkhard TI Dynamic protonation equilibrium of solvated acetic acid SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE acidity; carboxylic acids; molecular dynamics; proton transfer; reaction mechanisms ID PH MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; VALENCE-BOND MODEL; CONSTANT-PH; 2.8-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; REACTION-RATES C1 Univ Saarland, Zentrum Bioinformat, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Helms, V (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Zentrum Bioinformat, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. EM volkhard.helms@bioinformatik.uni-saarland.de RI Gu, Wei/G-4003-2010; OI Gu, Wei/0000-0003-3951-6680; Helms, Volkhard/0000-0002-2180-9154 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 2939 EP 2943 DI 10.1002/anie.200603583 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 159YV UT WOS:000245904700037 PM 17366497 ER PT J AU Li, CC Shuford, KL Park, QH Cai, WP Li, Y Lee, EJ Cho, SO AF Li, Cuncheng Shuford, Kevin L. Park, Q.-Han Cai, Weiping Li, Yue Lee, Eun Je Cho, Sung Oh TI High-yield synthesis of single-crystalline gold nano-octahedra SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; gold; nanostructures; polyol synthesis ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER NANOPRISMS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CONTROLLED GROWTH; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SIZE CONTROL; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOCRYSTALS C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. Zhengzhou Univ, Phys Sci & Technol Coll, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Cho, SO (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM socho@kaist.ac.kr RI Cho, Sung Oh/C-1603-2011; Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 NR 74 TC 155 Z9 159 U1 9 U2 103 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 3264 EP 3268 DI 10.1002/anie.200604167 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 165DA UT WOS:000246282900014 PM 17387671 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Eubank, JF Cairns, AJ Eckert, J Kravtsov, VC Luebke, R Eddaoudi, M AF Liu, Yunling Eubank, Jarrod F. Cairns, Amy J. Eckert, Juergen Kravtsov, Victor Ch. Luebke, Ryan Eddaoudi, Mohamed TI Assembly of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on indium-trimer building blocks: A porous MOF with soc topology and high hydrogen storage SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage; indium; metal-organic frameworks; molecular building blocks; porous materials ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON NANOTUBES; KAGOME LATTICE; GIANT PORES; DESIGN; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; NETWORK; UNITS; CATALYSIS C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Moldavian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, MD-2028 Kishinev, Moldova. RP Eddaoudi, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, 4202 E Fowler Ave,CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM eddaoudi@cas.usf.edu RI Luebke, Ryan/F-4333-2011; Eddaoudi, Mohamed/D-2298-2009 OI Luebke, Ryan/0000-0002-1285-3321; Eddaoudi, Mohamed/0000-0003-1916-9837 NR 58 TC 445 Z9 447 U1 36 U2 258 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 3278 EP 3283 DI 10.1002/anie.200604306 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 165DA UT WOS:000246282900017 PM 17385775 ER PT J AU Salameh, A Joubert, J Baudouin, A Lukens, W Delbecq, F Sautet, P Basset, JM Coperet, C AF Salameh, Alain Joubert, Jerome Baudouin, Anne Lukens, Wayne Delbecq, Francoise Sautet, Philippe Basset, Jean Marie Coperet, Christophe TI CH3ReO3 on gamma-Al2O3: Understanding its structure, initiation, and reactivity in olefin metathesis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; heterogeneous catalysis; metathesis; rhenium; surface chemistry ID SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; CATALYSTS; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM; SILICA; DFT; ALKYLIDENE; COMPLEXES; TUNGSTEN; RHENIUM C1 Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, Inst Chim Lyon, Chim Lab, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. ESCPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 Lab Chim Organomet Surface, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sautet, P (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, Inst Chim Lyon, Chim Lab, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. EM philippe.sautet@ens-lyon.fr; basset@cpe.fr; coperet@cpe.fr RI Baudouin, Anne/B-2228-2010; Sautet, Philippe/G-3710-2014 OI Sautet, Philippe/0000-0002-8444-3348 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 21 BP 3870 EP 3873 DI 10.1002/anie.200700211 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 172VP UT WOS:000246832900010 PM 17415729 ER PT J AU Bouchard, LS Kovtunov, KV Burt, SR Anwar, MS Koptyug, IV Sagdeev, RZ Pines, A AF Bouchard, Louis-S. Kovtunov, Kirill V. Burt, Scott R. Anwar, M. Sabieh Koptyug, Igor V. Sagdeev, Renad Z. Pines, Alexander TI Para-hydrogen-enhanced hyperpolarized gas-phase magnetic resonance imaging SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ALTADENA; heterogeneous catalysis; magnetic resonance imaging; NMR spectroscopy; para-hydrogen induced polarization ID PARAHYDROGEN-INDUCED POLARIZATION; REMOTE-DETECTION NMR; FIELD; FLOW; C-13; CATALYSIS; ALIGNMENT; XE-129; ORDER; HE-3 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Int Tomog Ctr, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Anwar, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 11-D64, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sabieh@berkeley.edu RI Koptyug, Igor/F-6470-2014; OI Koptyug, Igor/0000-0003-3480-7649; Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh/0000-0001-5039-8828; Kovtunov, Kirill/0000-0001-7577-9619 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 22 BP 4064 EP 4068 DI 10.1002/anie.200700830 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174ZP UT WOS:000246981900008 PM 17455180 ER PT J AU Polyansky, D Cabelli, D Muckerman, JT Fujita, E Koizumi, T Fukushima, T Wada, T Tanaka, K AF Polyansky, Dmitry Cabelli, Diane Muckerman, James T. Fujita, Etsuko Koizumi, Take-aki Fukushima, Takashi Wada, Tohru Tanaka, Koji TI Photochemical and radiolytic production of an organic hydride donor with a Ru-II complex containing an NAD(+) model ligand SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE charge transfer; hydrides; NADH; photochemistry; ruthenium ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; FLAVIN BINDING-SITE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; EXCITED-STATES; NADH ANALOGS; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; RADICAL CATIONS; REDOX REACTION; ELECTRON; COMPOUND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Mol Sci, Coordinat Chem Labs, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. RP Fujita, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fujita@bnl.gov; ktanaka@ims.ac.jp RI Wada, Tohru/A-9408-2008; Polyansky, Dmitry/C-1993-2009; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Koizumi, Take-aki/D-5645-2015 OI Polyansky, Dmitry/0000-0002-0824-2296; Koizumi, Take-aki/0000-0003-1163-524X NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 22 BP 4169 EP 4172 DI 10.1002/anie.200700304 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174ZP UT WOS:000246981900035 PM 17450514 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Averkiev, BB Zubarev, DY Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI AF Zhai, Hua-Jin Averkiev, Boris B. Zubarev, Dmitry Yu. Wang, Lai-Sheng Boldyrev, Alexander I. TI delta aromaticity in [Ta3O3](-) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aromaticity; cluster compounds; metal-metal interactions; photoelectron spectroscopy ID COINAGE-METAL-CLUSTERS; D-ORBITAL AROMATICITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUINTUPLE BOND; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROCARBONS; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULE; CENTERS C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov; boldyrev@cc.usu.edu RI Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 35 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 4277 EP 4280 DI 10.1002/anie.200700442 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 177CE UT WOS:000247130400008 PM 17465436 ER PT J AU Holder, PG Francis, MB AF Holder, Patrick G. Francis, Matthew B. TI Integration of a self-assembling protein scaffold with water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE nanotubes; polymers; protein modifications; self-assembly; viruses ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; NONCOVALENT SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; SOLUBILIZATION; POLYMER; NANOPARTICLES; NANOHYBRIDS; PYRENE; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Holder, Patrick/D-3202-2013; Holder, Patrick/O-4876-2016 OI Holder, Patrick/0000-0003-0971-191X; Holder, Patrick/0000-0003-0971-191X NR 63 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 4370 EP 4373 DI 10.1002/anie.200700333 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 177CE UT WOS:000247130400030 PM 17458849 ER PT J AU Wang, LM Huang, W Averkiev, BB Boldyrev, AI Wang, LS AF Wang, Lei-Ming Huang, Wei Averkiev, Boris B. Boldyrev, Alexander I. Wang, Lai-Sheng TI CB7-: Experimental and theoretical evidence against hypercoordinate planar carbon SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aromaticity; boron; carbon; photoelectron spectroscopy ID AB-INITIO; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TETRACOORDINATE CARBON; HEXACOORDINATE CARBON; BORON CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; NONMETAL CENTERS; METAL-COMPLEXES; MOLECULES C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boldyrev, AI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM boldyrev@cc.usu.edu; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 55 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 4550 EP 4553 DI 10.1002/anie.200700869 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 182JJ UT WOS:000247500600029 PM 17487912 ER PT J AU Hu, MH Qian, LP Brinas, RP Lymar, ES Hainfeld, JF AF Hu, Minghui Qian, Luping Brinas, Raymond P. Lymar, Elena S. Hainfeld, James F. TI Assembly of nanoparticle-protein binding complexes: From monomers to ordered arrays SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; hybrid materials; nanoparticles; proteins; self-assembly ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AU-NANOPARTICLE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; DNA; LOCALIZATION; TEMPLATES; NANOWIRES; MECHANISM; SURFACES; RECEPTOR C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hainfeld, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hainfeld@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01RR017545]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41EB002181] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 27 BP 5111 EP 5114 DI 10.1002/anie.200701180 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 188UB UT WOS:000247943700009 PM 17538920 ER PT J AU Hannibal, L Smith, CA Jacobsen, DW Brasch, NE AF Hannibal, Luciana Smith, Clyde A. Jacobsen, Donald W. Brasch, Nicola E. TI Nitroxylcob (III) alamin: Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cobalamins; N ligands; nitrogen oxides; structure elucidation; vitamin B-12 ID NITRIC-OXIDE; COBALT PORPHYRINS; REDUCED COBALAMIN; BINDING; CHEMISTRY; AQUACOBALAMIN; COB(II)ALAMIN; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; NO C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Dept Mol Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brasch, NE (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM nbrasch@kent.edu OI Hannibal, Luciana/0000-0002-0911-5758 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL71907, R01 HL071907, R01 HL071907-04] NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 27 BP 5140 EP 5143 DI 10.1002/anie.200701131 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 188UB UT WOS:000247943700016 PM 17542034 ER PT J AU Meyer, TJ Huynh, MHV Thorp, HH AF Meyer, Thomas J. Huynh, My Hang V. Thorp, H. Holden TI The possible role of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in water oxidation by photosystem II SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE coupled electron-proton transfer; electron transfer; photosynthesis; photosystem II; proton transport ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; TYROSINE Y-Z; FTIR DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; LIQUID-HELIUM TEMPERATURES; TRIS-WASHED CHLOROPLASTS; S-STATE CYCLE; DUAL-MODE EPR C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. High Explos Sci & Technol Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Mat Properties & Energet Mat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 236 TC 298 Z9 300 U1 20 U2 143 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 28 BP 5284 EP 5304 DI 10.1002/anie.200600917 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 190MO UT WOS:000248063200007 PM 17604381 ER PT J AU Miyazato, Y Wada, T Muckerman, JT Fujita, E Tanaka, K AF Miyazato, Yuji Wada, Tohru Muckerman, James T. Fujita, Etsuko Tanaka, Koji TI Generation of a Ru-II-semiquinone-anilino-radical complex through the deprotonation of a Ru-III-semiquinone-anilido complex SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE anilino radicals; dioxolene ligands; EPR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; ruthenium ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; REDOX BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; DENSITY C1 Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanaka, K (reprint author), Inst Mol Sci, 5-1 Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. EM ktanaka@ims.ac.jp RI Wada, Tohru/A-9408-2008; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 5728 EP 5730 DI 10.1002/anie.200701600 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 195AX UT WOS:000248386000013 PM 17585400 ER PT J AU Mitsui, T Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M Nilekar, AU Mavrikakis, M AF Mitsui, Toshiyuki Fomin, Evgeni Ogletree, D. Frank Salmeron, Miquel Nilekar, Anand U. Mavrikakis, Manos TI Manipulation and Patterning of the surface hydrogen concentration on pd(111) by electric fields SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE adsorption; diffusion; electric fields; hydrogen; palladium ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; METAL-SURFACES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCY; ADSORPTION; CO; ENERGETICS; REDUCTION; MOLECULES; DIFFUSION; EXCHANGE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Nilekar, Anand/B-3325-2008; Mavrikakis, Manos/D-5702-2012; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Mavrikakis, Manos/0000-0002-5293-5356; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 30 BP 5757 EP 5761 DI 10.1002/anie.200604498 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 195AX UT WOS:000248386000021 PM 17585396 ER PT J AU Pariya, C Sparrow, CR Back, CK Sandi, G Fronczek, FR Maverick, AW AF Pariya, Chandi Sparrow, Christopher R. Back, Chang-Keun Sandi, Giselle Fronczek, Frank R. Maverick, Andrew W. TI Copper beta-diketonate molecular squares and their host-guest reactions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE copper; fullerenes; host-guest systems; hydrogen storage; supramolecular chemistry ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION POLYMERS; DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; SORPTION PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; DESIGN; STABILITY C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maverick, AW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM maverick@lsu.edu RI Maverick, Andrew/A-3617-2009 OI Maverick, Andrew/0000-0001-9987-1663 NR 54 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 33 BP 6305 EP 6308 DI 10.1002/anie.200701252 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 205LJ UT WOS:000249114700015 PM 17640013 ER PT J AU Eichberg, MJ Houk, KN Lehmann, J Leonard, PW Marker, A Norton, JE Sawicka, D Vollhardt, KPC Whitener, GD Wolff, S AF Eichberg, Michael J. Houk, K. N. Lehmann, Juerg Leonard, Philip W. Maerker, Anne Norton, Joseph E. Sawicka, Dorota Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Whitener, Glenn D. Wolff, Stefan TI The thermal retro[2+2+2]cycloaddition of cyclohexane activated by triscyclobutenannelation: Concerted all-disrotatory versus stepwise conrotatory pathways to fused [12]Annulenes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; cage compounds; electrocyclic reactions; isomerization; strained molecules ID MACROCYCLIC SYSTEMS; RING; AROMATICITY; COMPLEXES; ISOMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; CONJUGATION; FULLERENES; ENERGETICS; CHEMISTRY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Peng/D-1233-2013 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 36 BP 6894 EP 6898 DI 10.1002/anie.200702474 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 212BS UT WOS:000249569200035 PM 17683033 ER PT J AU Bullock, RM AF Bullock, R. Morris TI An iron catalyst for ketone hydrogenations under mild conditions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE homogeneous catalysis; hydrides; hydrogenation; iron; proton transfer ID HYDROXYCYCLOPENTADIENYL RUTHENIUM HYDRIDE; LIGAND BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSIS; TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; IONIC HYDROGENATIONS; CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; CONCERTED TRANSFER; DONOR ABILITIES; PROTON-TRANSFER; TRITYL CATION; MECHANISM C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,K2-57, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM morris.bullock@pnl.gov RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 49 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 39 BP 7360 EP 7363 DI 10.1002/anie.200703053 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220BP UT WOS:000250132200005 PM 17847139 ER PT J AU Shin, SH Steffensen, MB Claridge, TDW Bayley, H AF Shin, Seong-Ho Steffensen, Mackay B. Claridge, Tim D. W. Bayley, Hagan TI Formation of a chiral center and pyrimidal inversion at the single-molecule level SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE arsenic; chirality; nanoreactors; organoarsenic chemistry; single-molecule studies ID PYRAMIDAL INVERSION; LIVE CELLS; GLUTATHIONE; COMPLEXES; ACID; BARRIERS; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; ARSENITE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. RP Bayley, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hagan.bayley@chem.ox.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [G0300122]; PHS HHS [F32L078236] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 39 BP 7412 EP 7416 DI 10.1002/anie.200700736 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220BP UT WOS:000250132200015 PM 17702080 ER PT J AU Rolandi, M Suez, I Scholl, A Frechet, JMJ AF Rolandi, Marco Suez, Itai Scholl, Andreas Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Fluorocarbon resist for high-speed scanning probe lithography SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; mass spectrometry; nanostructures; scanning probe lithography; surface chemistry ID FILMS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; NANOFABRICATION; DEPOSITION; MONOLAYERS; MANIPULATION; OXIDATION; KINETICS; MENISCI; PLASMAS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 39 BP 7477 EP 7480 DI 10.1002/anie.200701496 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220BP UT WOS:000250132200031 PM 17702084 ER PT J AU Rim, KT Siaj, M Xiao, SX Myers, M Carpentier, VD Liu, L Su, CC Steigerwald, ML Hybertsen, MS McBreen, PH Flynn, GW Nuckolls, C AF Rim, Kwang Taeg Siaj, Mohamed Xiao, Shengxiong Myers, Matthew Carpentier, Vincent D. Liu, Li Su, Chaochin Steigerwald, Michael L. Hybertsen, Mark S. McBreen, Peter H. Flynn, George W. Nuckolls, Colin TI Forming aromatic hemispheres on transition-metal surfaces SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbon; nanostructures; nanotubes; polycycles; surface chemistry ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SOOT FORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; BENZENE; RU(001); FLAMES; DIACETYLENE; ADSORPTION C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Chem, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Natl Taipe Univ Technol, Dept Mol Sci & Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Flynn, GW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM gwf1@columbia.edu; cn37@columbia.edu RI Liu, Li/E-8959-2013; Myers, Matthew/B-8867-2015; Xiao, Shengxiong/C-6156-2009; OI Liu, Li/0000-0002-4852-1580; Myers, Matthew/0000-0002-5889-4196; Xiao, Shengxiong/0000-0002-9151-9558; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 41 BP 7891 EP 7895 DI 10.1002/anie.200701117 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 223GQ UT WOS:000250358300036 PM 17879251 ER PT J AU Hsin, TM Yeung, ES AF Hsin, Tse-Ming Yeung, Edward S. TI Single-molecule reactions in liposomes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE enzyme catalysis; fluorescence; liposomes; protein structures; single-molecule studies ID GIANT UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; ENZYMATIC-REACTIONS; DYNAMICS; ELECTROPHORESIS; FUSION C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 42 BP 8032 EP 8035 DI 10.1002/anie.200702348 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 225AB UT WOS:000250488400022 PM 17854107 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Skanthakumar, S Burns, PC Soderholm, L AF Wilson, Richard E. Skanthakumar, S. Burns, Peter C. Soderholm, L. TI Structure of the homoleptic thorium(IV) aqua ion [Th(H2O)(10)]Br-4 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; coordination modes; hydrates; thorium; X-ray diffraction ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; SPECIATION; CHLORIDE; ENERGY; EXAFS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ls@anl.gov RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013 OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680; NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 42 BP 8043 EP 8045 DI 10.1002/anie.200702872 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 225AB UT WOS:000250488400025 PM 17849496 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Fu, QQ Fan, HY Ho, J Wang, W AF Jiang, Wei Fu, Qingquan Fan, Hongyou Ho, Joe Wang, Wei TI A highly selective fluorescent probe for thiophenols SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; environmental chemistry; fluorescent probes; fluorophores; thiophenols ID THIOL-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HOMOCYSTEINE; CYSTEINE; RECOGNITION; PEPTIDES; TOXICITY; COMPLEX; REAGENT C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs 01815, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM wwang@unm.edu NR 52 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 44 BP 8445 EP 8448 DI 10.1002/anie.200702271 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 232AH UT WOS:000250990000025 PM 17907175 ER PT J AU Diyabalanage, HVK Shrestha, RP Semelsberger, TA Scott, BL Bowden, ME Davis, BL Burrell, AK AF Diyabalanage, Himashime V. K. Shrestha, Roshan P. Semelsberger, Troy A. Scott, Brian L. Bowden, Mark E. Davis, Benjamin L. Burrell, Anthony K. TI Calcium amidotrihydroborate: A hydrogen storage material SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ammonia-borane; calcium; gas chromatography; hydrogen storage; thermal gravimetric analysis ID AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; BORON-NITROGEN BONDS; N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CATALYZED DEHYDROGENATION; NMR; AMINOBORANES; BORAZINES; RELEASE C1 [Diyabalanage, Himashime V. K.; Shrestha, Roshan P.; Semelsberger, Troy A.; Scott, Brian L.; Bowden, Mark E.; Davis, Benjamin L.; Burrell, Anthony K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burrell, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Burrell@lanl.gov RI Davis, Benjamin /I-7897-2015; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Davis, Benjamin/0000-0001-5439-0751 NR 26 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 47 BP 8995 EP 8997 DI 10.1002/anie.200702240 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 240GV UT WOS:000251576400011 PM 17963213 ER PT J AU Farrugia, CJ Grocott, A Sandholt, PE Cowley, SWH Miyoshi, Y Rich, FJ Jordanova, VK Torbert, RB Sharma, A AF Farrugia, C. J. Grocott, A. Sandholt, P. E. Cowley, S. W. H. Miyoshi, Y. Rich, F. J. Jordanova, V. K. Torbert, R. B. Sharma, A. TI The magnetosphere under weak solar wind forcing SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; general or miscellaneous ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; POLAR-CAP; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; JANUARY 14; NORTHWARD; INTERVALS; PERIOD AB The Earth's magnetosphere was very strongly disturbed during the passage of the strong shock and the following interacting ejecta on 21-25 October 2001. These disturbances included two intense storms (D(st)*approximate to-250 and -180nT, respectively). The cessation of this activity at the start of 24 October ushered in a peculiar state of the magnetosphere which lasted for about 28 h and which we discuss in this paper. The interplanetary field was dominated by the sunward component [B=(4.29 +/- 0.77, -0.303 +/- 0.71, 0.49 +/- 0.45) nT]. We analyze global indicators of geomagnetic disturbances, polar cap precipitation, ground magnetometer records, and ionospheric convection as obtained from SuperDARN radars. The state of the magnetosphere is characterized by the following features: (i) generally weak and patchy (in time) low-latitude dayside reconnection or reconnection poleward of the cusps; (ii) absence of substorms; (iii) a monotonic recovery from the previous storm activity (D(st) corrected for magnetopause currents decreasing from similar to-65 to similar to-35 nT), giving an unforced decreased of similar to 1.1 nT/h; (iv) the probable absence of viscous-type interaction originating from the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability; (v) a cross-polar cap potential of just 20-30 kV; (vi) a persistent, polar cap region containing (vii) very weak, and sometimes absent, electron precipitation and no systematic inter-hemisphere asymmetry. Whereas we therefore infer the presence of a moderate amount of open flux, the convection is generally weak and patchy, which we ascribe to the lack of solar wind driver. This magnetospheric state approaches that predicted by Cowley and Lockwood (1992) but has never yet been observed. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE2 4TG, Leics, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM charlie.farrugia@unh.edu RI Grocott, Adrian/A-9576-2011; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 191 EP 205 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144HG UT WOS:000244786500017 ER PT J AU Apatenkov, SV Sergeev, VA Kubyshkina, MV Nakamura, R Baumjohann, W Runov, A Alexeev, I Fazakerley, A Frey, H Muhlbachler, S Daly, PW Sauvaud, JA Ganushkina, N Pulkkinen, T Reeves, GD Khotyaintsev, Y AF Apatenkov, S. V. Sergeev, V. A. Kubyshkina, M. V. Nakamura, R. Baumjohann, W. Runov, A. Alexeev, I. Fazakerley, A. Frey, H. Muhlbachler, S. Daly, P. W. Sauvaud, J.-A. Ganushkina, N. Pulkkinen, T. Reeves, G. D. Khotyaintsev, Y. TI Multi-spacecraft observation of plasma dipolarization/injection in the inner magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, trapped; magnetotail; plasma convection ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE INJECTIONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; AURORAL STREAMERS; FLOW BURSTS; SUBSTORM; SHEET; TAIL; FIELD; CLUSTER; ELECTRON AB Addressing the origin of the energetic particle injections into the inner magnetosphere, we investigate the 23 February 2004 substorm using a favorable constellation of four Cluster (near perigee), LANL and Geotail spacecraft. Both an energy-dispersed and a dispersionless injection were observed by Cluster crossing the plasma sheet horn, which mapped to 9-12 R(E) in the equatorial plane close to the midnight meridian. Two associated narrow equatorward auroral tongues/streamers propagating from the oval poleward boundary could be discerned in the global images obtained by IMAGE/WIC. As compared to the energy-dispersed event, the dispersionless injection front has important distinctions consequently repeated at 4 spacecraft: a simultaneous increase in electron fluxes at energies similar to 1.300 keV, similar to 25 nT increase in B(Z) and a local increase by a factor 1.5-1.7 in plasma pressure. The injected plasma was primarily of solar wind origin. We evaluated the change in the injected flux tube configuration during the dipolarization by fitting flux increases observed by the PEACE and RAPID instruments, assuming adiabatic heating and the Liouville theorem. Mapping the locations of the injection front detected by the four spacecraft to the equatorial plane, we estimated the injection front thickness to be similar to 1 R(E) and the earthward propagation speed to be similar to 200-400km/s (at 9-12 RE). Based on observed injection properties, we suggest that it is the underpopulated flux tubes (bubbles with enhanced magnetic field and sharp inner front propagating earthward), which accelerate and transport particles into the strong-field dipolar region. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Apatenkov, SV (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. EM apatenkov@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Khotyaintsev, Yuri/C-4745-2008; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Apatenkov, Sergey/J-4899-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Apatenkov, Sergey/0000-0001-8959-3479 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 801 EP 814 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164WQ UT WOS:000246265900019 ER PT J AU Lui, ATY Zheng, Y Zhang, Y Angelopoulos, V Parks, GK Mozer, FS Reme, H Kistler, LM Dunlop, MW Gustafsson, G Henderson, MG AF Lui, A. T. Y. Zheng, Y. Zhang, Y. Angelopoulos, V. Parks, G. K. Mozer, F. S. Reme, H. Kistler, L. M. Dunlop, M. W. Gustafsson, G. Henderson, M. G. TI Prelude to THEMIS tail conjunction study SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; magnetotail; storms and substorms ID SUBSTORM EXPANSION; CURRENT DISRUPTION; BALLOONING INSTABILITY; CLUSTER; ONSET; DIPOLARIZATION; EVENT; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOTAIL; GROWTH AB A close conjunction of several satellites (LANL, GOES. Polar. Geotail, and Cluster) distributed from the geostationary altitude to about 16 R-E downstream in the tail occurred during substorm activity as indicated by global auroral imaging and ground-based magnetometer data. This constellation of satellites resembles what is planned for the THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscopic Interactions during Substorms) mission to resolve the substorm controversy on the location of the substorm expansion onset region. In this article, we show in detail the dipolarization and dynamic changes seen by these satellites associated with two onsets of substorm intensification activity. In particular, we find that dipolarization at similar to 16 R-E downstream in the tail can occur with dawnward electric field and without plasma flow, just like some near-Earth dipolarization events reported previously. The spreading of substorm disturbances in the tail coupled with complementary ground observations indicates that the observed time sequence on the onsets of substorm disturbances favors initiation in the near-Earth region for this THEMIS-like conjunction. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. UCB, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala Div, S-75591 Uppsala, Sweden. LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lui, ATY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM tony.lui@jhuapl.edu RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1009 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 171UY UT WOS:000246762100016 ER PT J AU Samsonov, AA Alexandrova, O Lacombe, C Maksimovic, M Gary, SP AF Samsonov, A. A. Alexandrova, O. Lacombe, C. Maksimovic, M. Gary, S. P. TI Proton temperature anisotropy in the magnetosheath: comparison of 3-D MHD modelling with Cluster data SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosheath; plasma waves and instabilities; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions ID PLASMA DEPLETION LAYER; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; MIRROR WAVES; SUBSOLAR MAGNETOSHEATH; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSHEATH; WIND OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON SCALES; ONE-FLUID; MAGNETOPAUSE AB We study four intervals of Cluster data, lasting from five to eight hours, in the flanks of the magnetosheath. In a first part, we make numerical simulations of these magnetosheath crossings, using a three-dimensional double-adiabatic MHD model of the magnetosheath and assuming that the proton temperature anisotropy is bounded by the kinetic thresholds of the Alfven proton cyclotron instability and of the mirror instability. The conditions at the upstream boundary of the numerical domain are given by the solar wind parameters observed by ACE. We assume that the magnetopause is a fixed and impenetrable boundary, i.e. without magnetic reconnection. The global agreement between the observations and the simulations confirms the validity of the model in the magnetosheath flanks. We discuss the consequences of different models of the magnetopause on some simulation results. In a second part, we compare the observed proton temperature anisotropy and the kinetic anisotropy thresholds of the two above-mentioned instabilities which are local functions of the proton. In the intervals with a low proton, the observed temperature anisotropy agrees well with the kinetic threshold of the proton-cyclotron instability; in the intervals with a higher P, the observed anisotropy is close to both the proton-cyclotron and the mirror thresholds. This confirms that the observed proton anisotropy is indeed bounded by the instability thresholds. We then analyse the magnetic field power spectra in a frequency range 0.003-10 Hz during four 18-min intervals for different values of beta. If beta < 1, transverse (i.e. Alfvenic) fluctuations are dominant at every frequency. For beta >= 1, a mixture of compressive (i.e. mirror) and transverse waves is usually observed. For a case with beta similar or equal to 10, there is no frequency where compressive waves are dominant. The values of 6 and of the proton temperature anisotropy are thus important but not the only parameters which determine the dominant mode, compressive or transverse, at the proton scales in the magnetosheath. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. CNRS, LESIA, Observ Paris, Meudon, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Samsonov, AA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. EM samsonov@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Samsonov, Andrey/I-7057-2012 OI Samsonov, Andrey/0000-0001-8243-1151 NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1173 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185JY UT WOS:000247708500009 ER PT J AU Kavanagh, AJ Lu, G Donovan, EF Reeves, GD Honary, F Manninen, J Immel, TJ AF Kavanagh, A. J. Lu, G. Donovan, E. F. Reeves, G. D. Honary, F. Manninen, J. Immel, T. J. TI Energetic electron precipitation during sawtooth injections SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, precipitating; storms and substorms ID AURORAL RADIO ABSORPTION; PERIODIC MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; IMAGING RIOMETER; SPIKE EVENTS; MORNING SECTOR; GROWTH-PHASE; ONSET; FIELD; PULSATIONS AB We present simultaneous riometer observations of cosmic noise absorption in the nightside and dawn-noon sectors during sawtooth particle injections during 18 April 2002. Energetic electron precipitation (>30keV) is a feature of magnetospheric substorms and cosmic radio noise absorption acts as a proxy for qualitatively measuring this precipitation. This event provides an opportunity to compare the absorption that accompanies periodic electron injections with the accepted paradigm of substorm-related absorption. We consider whether the absorption is consistent with the premise that these injections are quasi-periodic substorms and study the effects of sustained activity on the level of precipitation. Four consecutive electron injection events have been identified from the LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) geosynchronous data; the first two showing that additional activity can occur within the 2-4 h sawtooth periodicity. The first three events have accompanying absorption on the nightside that demonstrate good agreement with the expected pattern of substorm-absorption: discrete spike events with poleward motion at the onset followed by equatorward moving structures and more diffuse absorption, correlated with optical observations. Dayside absorption is linked to gradient-curvature drifting electrons observed at geostationary orbit and it is shown that low fluxes can lead to a lack of absorption as precipitation is suppressed; precipitation begins when the drifting electron flux surpasses some critical level following continuous injections of electrons from the magnetotail. In addition it is shown that the apparent motion of absorption determined from an azimuthal chain of riometers exhibits an acceleration that may be indicative of an energisation of the drifting electron population. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun & Syst, Lancaster, England. Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun & Syst, Lancaster, England. RP Kavanagh, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM a.j.kavanagh@lancs.ac.uk RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1214 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185JY UT WOS:000247708500012 ER PT J AU Baumjohann, W Roux, A Le Contel, O Nakamura, R Birn, J Hoshino, M Lui, ATY Owen, CJ Sauvaud, JA Vaivads, A Fontaine, D Runov, A AF Baumjohann, W. Roux, A. Le Contel, O. Nakamura, R. Birn, J. Hoshino, M. Lui, A. T. Y. Owen, C. J. Sauvaud, J.-A. Vaivads, A. Fontaine, D. Runov, A. TI Dynamics of thin current sheets: Cluster observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Review DE magnetospheric physics; magnetotail; plasma sheet; space plasma physics; plasma waves and instabilities; magnetic reconnection ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; EARTH PLASMA SHEET; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; DRIFT-KINK INSTABILITY; CURRENT DISRUPTION; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; NEUTRAL SHEET AB The paper tries to sort out the specific signatures of the Near Earth Neutral Line (NENL) and the Current Disruption (CD) models. and looks for these signatures in Cluster data from two events. For both events transient magnetic si-natures are observed, together with fast ion flows. In the simplest form of NENL scenario, with a large-scale two-dimensional reconnection site, quasi-invariance along Y is expected. Thus the magnetic signatures in the S/C frame are interpreted as relative motions, along the X or Z direction, of a quasi-steady X-line, with respect to the S/C. In the simplest form of CD scenario an azimuthal modulation is expected. Hence the signatures in the S/C frame are interpreted as signatures of azimuthally (along Y) moving current system associated with low frequency fluctuations of J(y) and the corresponding field-aligned currents Event I covers a pseudo-breakup, developing only at high latitudes. First, a thin (H approximate to 2000Km approximate to 2 rho(i), with pi the ion gyroradius) Current Sheet (CS) is found to be quiet. A slightly thinner CS (H approximate to 1000-2000 km approximate to 1-2 rho(i)), crossed about 30 min later, is found to be active. with fast earthward ion flow bursts (300-600 km/s) and simultaneous large amplitude fluctuations (delta B/B similar to 1). In the quiet CS the current density J(y) is carried by ions. Conversely, in the active CS ions are moving eastward; the westward current is carried by electrons that move eastward, faster than ions. Similarly, the velocity of earthward flows (300-600 km/s), observed during the active period. maximizes near or at the CS center. During the active phase of Event I no signature of the crossing of an X-line is identified, but an X-line located beyond Cluster could account for the observed ion flows, provided that it is active for at least 20 min. Ion flow bursts can also be due to CD and to the corresponding dipolarizations which are associated with changes in the current density. Yet their durations are shorter than the duration of the active period. While the overall partial derivative Bz/partial derivative t is too weak to accelerate ions up to the observed velocities, short duration partial derivative B-z/partial derivative t can produce the azimuthal electric field requested to account for the observed ion flow bursts. The corresponding large amplitude perturbations are shown to move eastward. which suggests that the reduction in the tail current could be achieved via a series of eastward traveling partial dipolarisations/CD. The second event is much more active than the first one. The observed flapping of the CS corresponds to an azimuthally propagating wave. A reversal in the proton flow velocity, from 1000 to + 1000 km/s, is measured by CODIF. The overall flow reversal, the associated change in the sign of B-z and the relationship between B-x and B-y suggest that the spacecraft are moving with respect to an X-line and its associated Hall-structure. Yet, a simple tailward retreat of a large-scale X-line cannot account for all the observations, since several flow reversals are observed. These quasi-periodic flow reversals can also be associated with an azimuthal motion of the low frequency oscillations. Indeed, at the beginning of the interval B-y varies rapidly along the Y direction; the magnetic signature is three-dimensional and essentially corresponds to a structure of filamentary field-aligned current, moving eastward at similar to 200 km/s. The transverse size of the structure is similar to 1000 km. Similar structures are observed before and after. Thesefilamentary structures are consistent with an eastward propagation of an azimuthal modulation associated with a current system J(y), J(x). During Event 1, signatures of filamentary field-aligned current structures are also observed, in association with modulations of J(y). Hence, for both events the structure of the magnetic fields and currents is three-dimensional. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. CNRS, CETP, IPSL, Velizy Villacoublay, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. APL, JHU, Laurel, MD USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. CNRS, CESR, Toulouse, France. Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Baumjohann, W (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM baumjohann@oeaw.ac.at RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013 OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211 NR 103 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1389 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195IU UT WOS:000248406700013 ER PT J AU Walsh, AP Fazakerley, AN Wilson, RJ Alexeev, IV Henderson, PD Owen, CJ Lucek, E Carr, C Dandouras, I AF Walsh, A. P. Fazakerley, A. N. Wilson, R. J. Alexeev, I. V. Henderson, P. D. Owen, C. J. Lucek, E. Carr, C. Dandouras, I. TI Near-simultaneous magnetotail flux rope observations with Cluster and Double Star SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere; magnetotail; plasma sheet, storms and substorms ID EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA ELECTRON; CURRENT SHEET; SPACECRAFT; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; DESIGN; TAIL AB We present observations of three magnetic flux ropes in the tail of the Earth's magnetosphere on 7 August 2004 by the Cluster and Double Star TC-1 spacecraft. The first two flux rope signatures were observed, near-simultaneously, by Cluster and TC-1, which were located at (-16.3, -8.7, 0.10) R(E) GSM and (-10.3, -7.11, 0.81) R(E) GSM, respectively, a separation of 6.3 R(E). A third signature was observed some four minutes later by two of the four Cluster spacecraft, while the other two spacecraft observed a feature resembling a Travelling Compression Region (TCR). These observations are interpreted as three individual flux ropes existing in the magnetotail, the first two, at least, simultaneously. The formation mechanism of the flux ropes and the consequences of their presence for the structure of the magnetotail on this day are discussed in the context of multiple X-point reconnection. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Imperial Coll London, London SW7 2BZ, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. RP Walsh, AP (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM apw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Walsh, Andrew/E-6701-2011; Wilson, Rob/C-2689-2009; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Wilson, Rob/0000-0001-9276-2368; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Walsh, Andrew/0000-0002-1682-1212 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1887 EP 1897 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217WX UT WOS:000249979100016 ER PT J AU Lynch, KA Semeter, JL Zettergren, M Kintner, P Arnoldy, R Klatt, E LaBelle, J Michell, RG MacDonald, EA Samara, M AF Lynch, K. A. Semeter, J. L. Zettergren, M. Kintner, P. Arnoldy, R. Klatt, E. LaBelle, J. Michell, R. G. MacDonald, E. A. Samara, M. TI Auroral ion outflow: low altitude energization SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article ID SOUNDING ROCKET; ALFVEN WAVES; PLASMA-WAVES; F-REGION; ACCELERATION; IONOSPHERE; SCIFER; THERMOSPHERE; MECHANISMS; ATMOSPHERE AB The SIERRA nightside auroral sounding rocket made observations of the origins of ion upflow, at topside F-region altitudes (below 700 km), comparatively large topside plasma densities (above 20000/cc), and low energies (10 eV). Upflowing ions with bulk velocities up to 2 km/s are seen in conjunction with the poleward edge of a nightside substorm arc. The upflow is limited within the poleward edge to a region (a) of northward convection, (b) where Alfvenic and Pedersen conductivities are well-matched, leading to good ionospheric transmission of Alfvenic power, and (c) of soft electron precipitation (below 100 eV). Models of the effect of the soft precipitation show strong increases in electron temperature, increasing the scale height and initiating ion upflow. Throughout the entire poleward edge, precipitation of moderate-energy (100s of eV) protons and oxygen is also observed. This ion precipitation is interpreted as reflection from a higher-altitude, time-varying field-aligned potential of upgoing transversely heated ion conics seeded by the low altitude upflow. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RP Lynch, KA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM kristina.lynch@dartmouth.edu NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1967 EP 1977 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230SG UT WOS:000250895600005 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR Holzworth, R Lay, E Heavner, M Smith, DA AF Jacobson, A. R. Holzworth, R. Lay, E. Heavner, M. Smith, D. A. TI Low-frequency ionospheric sounding with Narrow Bipolar Event lightning radio emissions: regular variabilities and solar-X-ray responses SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; ionospheric disturbances; ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques ID FIELDS REFLEXION COEFFICIENTS; NUMERICAL CALCULATION; POLARIZATIONS; SCATTERING; PROXIES; WAVES AB We present refinements of a method of ionospheric D-region sounding that makes opportunistic use of powerful (10(9)-10(11) W) broadband lightning radio emissions in the low-frequency (LF; 30-300 kHz) band. Such emissions are from "Narrow Bipolar Event" (NBE) lightning, and they are characterized by a narrow (10-mu s), simple emission waveform. These pulses can be used to perform time-delay reflectometry (or "sounding") of the D-region underside, at an effective LF radiated power exceeding by orders-of-magnitude that from man-made sounders. We use this opportunistic sounder to retrieve instantaneous LF ionospheric-reflection height whenever a suitable lightning radio pulse from a located NBE is recorded. We show how to correct for three sources of 'regular' variability, namely solar zenith angle, radio-propagation range, and radio-propagation azimuth. The residual median magnitude of the noise in reflection height, after applying the regression corrections for the three regular variabilities, is on the order of 1 km. This noise level allows us to retrieve the D-region-reflector-height variation with solar X-ray flux density for intensity levels at and above an M-1 flare. The instantaneous time response is limited by the occurrence rate of NBEs, and the noise level in the height determination is typically in the range +/- 1 km. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska SE, Dept Phys, Juneau, AK USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM abramj@u.washington.edu OI Lay, Erin/0000-0002-1310-9035 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2175 EP 2184 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235NS UT WOS:000251241800010 ER PT J AU Difilippo, FC Renier, JP AF Difilippo, Felix C. Renier, John P. TI Double differential neutron scattering cross sections of materials for ultra high temperature reactors SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB The five materials with the highest melting point are hafnium, tantalum, niobium and zirconium (ZrC) carbides and graphite (that sublimes). Graphite is the material of choice for very high temperature reactors (VHTR); ultra high temperature reactors (UHTR), like the thermal nuclear propulsion reactor NERVA use a dispersion of ZrC and UC in graphite as the material in the reactor core. Presently there are neither inelastic nor elastic double differential scattering data available that describe the thermalization process in ZrC. We therefore, calculated coherent elastic and incoherent inelastic cross sections for the ZrC crystal which has a face centered cubic (fcc) lattice. The phonon spectrum for the ZrC lattice was calculated with the computer code PHONON using the Hellman-Feynman forces computed with ab-initio methods [Jochyn, P.T., Parlinski, K., 2000. Ab initio lattice dynamics and elastic constants of ZrC. Eur. Phys. J. B 15, 265 268]. This phonon spectrum was then used to compute the S(alpha, beta, T) matrices for the inelastic scattering cross sections for C and Zr in the ZrC lattice using modified versions of the computer codes GASKET, HEXSCAT and NJOY. The results were applied to calculate, with the proper S(alpha, beta, T), criticality and reactivity coefficients of temperate of reactor systems containing ZrC and UC. For comparisons, these parameters were also calculated with approximations of S(alpha, beta, T), i.e. the gas or the graphite scattering kernels. Depending on the degree of thermalization, k(eff) is underestimated between 0.6% and 1%, and the values and the shape of the reactivity coefficients as a function of temperature change by substantial amounts. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pitagoras_km30@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2006.10.005 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 147VC UT WOS:000245029800013 ER PT S AU Gordon, MS Slipchenko, L Li, H Jensen, JH AF Gordon, Mark S. Slipchenko, Lyudmilla Li, Hui Jensen, Jan H. BE Spellmeyer, DC Wheeler, RA TI The Effective Fragment Potential: A General Method for Predicting Intermolecular Interactions SO ANNUAL REPORTS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 3 SE Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OVOMUCOID 3RD DOMAIN; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; DIP INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBOXYL PK(A) VALUES; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; PI-PI INTERACTIONS; BENZENE DIMER; BASIS-SETS; BINDING-ENERGIES; CREATINE-KINASE C1 [Gordon, Mark S.; Slipchenko, Lyudmilla] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.; Slipchenko, Lyudmilla] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Hui] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Jensen, Jan H.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jensen, Jan/G-4338-2010 OI Jensen, Jan/0000-0002-1465-1010 NR 87 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1400 BN 978-0-08-055277-4 J9 ANN REP COMP CHEM PY 2007 VL 3 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S1574-1400(07)03010-1 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BCT98 UT WOS:000311386200011 ER PT S AU Ellis, PD Lipton, AS AF Ellis, Paul D. Lipton, Andrew S. BE Webb, GA TI Low-temperature solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A strategy for the direct observation of quadrupolar nuclides of biological interest SO ANNUAL REPORTS ON NMR SPECTROSCOPY, VOL 60 SE ANNUAL REPORTS ON NMR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; LOCAL-FIELD NMR; DOUBLE FREQUENCY SWEEPS; CROSS-POLARIZATION NMR; DNA-POLYMERASE-BETA; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; ZINC ENZYMES AB This review presents a self-contained summary of the experimental methods necessary to perform a low-temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment. Specific reference are made for Zn(2+) and Mg(2+). However, this is not a comprehensive review of the NMR literature of these nuclides. As the review is concerned with solid-state NMR literature of these nuclides, we limit the discussions to odd-half-integral spin systems, i.e., 3/2, 5/2, 7/2, and 9/2 spins. The reason for the limitation is due to the "relative ease" of observing the central transitions, which is common to all of these nuclides. The review is divided into two major sections: the first dealing with experimental methods. e.g. use of low-temperature, magnetization-transfer, spin echo methods, and questions dealing with nonspecific binding. Following those discussions we turn to the introduction of structure into the experiment i.e., the use of triple resonance experiments to selectively introduce and the use of molecular theory. C1 [Ellis, Paul D.; Lipton, Andrew S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Biol Sci Div K8 98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ellis, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Biol Sci Div K8 98, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIH [GM 26295, EB 002050]; DOE [KP-01-01 24931, 41055]; EMSL FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to the members of the magnetic field resonance group and members of their Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) for their encouragement and support. In particular we would like to acknowledge the many stimulating discussions with Drs M. Bowman, H. Cho, and R. Wind. Likewise, we are grateful for the superb technical assistance of J. Sears. The research summarized here was supported in part by the NIH through GM 26295 and EB 002050, the DOE by KP-01-01 24931 and 41055, and the EMSL operations budget. Some of the research described here was performed in the EMSL (a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Biological and Environmental Research Directorate of the DOE) located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and operated by Battelle for the DOE. NR 110 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0066-4103 BN 978-0-12505-460-7 J9 ANNU REP NMR SPECTRO JI Annu. Rep. NMR Spectrosc. PY 2007 VL 60 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0066-4103(06)6001-X PG 38 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BID59 UT WOS:000258726600001 ER PT S AU Clarke, J Hatridge, M Mossle, M AF Clarke, John Hatridge, Michael Moessle, Michael TI SQUID-detected magnetic resonance imaging in microtesla fields SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SE ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE superconducting QUantum Interference Device; nuclear magnetic resonance; longitudinal-relaxation-time-weighted contrast imaging ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; POLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; LIQUID-STATE NMR; PROSTATE-CANCER; GD-DTPA; MRI; BREAST; LUNG; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM AB The use of very low noise magnetometers based on Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) enables nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in microtesla magnetic fields. An untuned superconducting flux transformer coupled to a SQUID achieves a magnetic field noise of 10(-1)5 T Hz(-1/2). The frequency-independent response of this magnetometer combined with prepolarization of the nuclear spins yields an NMR signal that is independent of the Larmor frequency wo. An MRI system operating in a field of 132 mu T, corresponding to a proton frequency of 5.6 kHz, achieves an in-plane resolution of 0.7 x 0.7 mm(2) in phantoms. Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation time T, in different concentrations of agarose gel over five decades of frequency reveal much greater T(1)-differentiationat fields below a few millitesla. Microtesla NIRI has the potential to image tumors with substantially greater T(1)-weighted contrast than is achievable in high fields in the absence of a contrast agent. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jclorke@berkeley.edu NR 58 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 35 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 BN 978-0-8243-3509-0 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2007 VL 9 BP 389 EP 413 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.9.060906.152010 PG 25 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 208RN UT WOS:000249337000013 PM 17328671 ER PT S AU Leschziner, AE Nogales, E AF Leschziner, Andres E. Nogales, Eva TI Visualizing flexibility at molecular resolution: Analysis of heterogeneity in single-particle electron microscopy reconstructions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cryo-EM; macromolecular assemblies; conformational flexibility; Maximum Likelihood; variance ID FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TILT SERIES; RIBOSOME; DYNAMICS; MACROMOLECULES; CRYOMICROSCOPY AB It is becoming increasingly clear that many macromolecules are intrinsically flexible and exist in multiple conformations in solution. Single-particle reconstruction of vitrified samples (cryo-electron microscopy, or cryo-EM) is uniquely positioned to visualize this conformational flexibility in its native state. Although heterogeneity remains a significant challenge in cryo-EM single-particle analysis, recent efforts in the field point to a future where it will be possible to tap into this rich source of biological information on a routine basis. In this article, we review the basic principles behind a few relatively new and generally applicable methods that show particular promise as tools to analyze macromolecular flexibility. We also discuss some of their recent applications to problems of biological interest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leschziner, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aeleschziner@berkeley.edu; ENogales@lbl.gov NR 48 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 BN 978-0-8243-1836-9 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2007 VL 36 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.36.040306.132742 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 186IS UT WOS:000247773000003 PM 17201674 ER PT S AU Lipfert, J Doniach, S AF Lipfert, Jan Doniach, Sebastian TI Small-angle X-ray scattering from RNA, proteins, and protein complexes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE SAXS; membrane proteins; unfolded proteins; molecular reconstruction ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; RANDOM-COIL BEHAVIOR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DNA GYRASE; GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE; SHAPE DETERMINATION AB Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is increasingly used to characterize the structure and interactions of biological macromolecules and their complexes in solution. Although still a low-resolution technique, the advent of high-flux synchrotron sources and the development of algorithms for the reconstruction of 3-D electron density maps from 1-D scattering profiles have made possible the generation of useful low-resolution molecular models from SAXS data. Furthermore, SAXS is well suited for the study of unfolded or partially folded conformational ensembles as a function of time or solution conditions. Here, we review recently developed algorithms for 3-D structure modeling and applications to protein complexes. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging use of SAXS as a too to study membrane protein-detergent complexes. SAXS is proving useful to study the folding of functional RNA molecules, and finally we discuss uses of SAXS to study ensembles of denatured proteins. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Biophys Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lipfert, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lipfert@stanford.edu; doniach@drizzle.stanford.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM0066275] NR 111 TC 175 Z9 180 U1 7 U2 78 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 BN 978-0-8243-1836-9 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2007 VL 36 BP 307 EP 327 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.36.040306.132655 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 186IS UT WOS:000247773000015 PM 17284163 ER PT J AU Snieder, R Hubbard, S Haney, M Bawden, G Hatchell, P Revil, A AF Snieder, Roel Hubbard, Susan Haney, Matthew Bawden, Gerald Hatchell, Paul Revil, Andre CA DOE Geophysical Monitoring Working TI Advanced noninvasive geophysical monitoring techniques SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE time-lapse; deformation; fluid flow; biogeochemical processes ID CODA WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GREENS-FUNCTION; CROSS-CORRELATION; SEISMIC VELOCITY; VADOSE ZONE; TEMPORAL-CHANGES AB Geophysical methods can be used to create images of the Earth's interior that constitute snapshots at the moment of data acquisition. In many applications, it is important to measure the temporal change in the subsurface, because the change is associated with deformation, fluid flow, temperature changes, or changes in material properties. We present an over-view of how noninvasive geophysical methods can be used for this purpose. We focus on monitoring mechanical properties, fluid transport, and biogeochemical processes, and present case studies that illustrate the use of geophysical methods for detecting time-lapse changes in associated properties. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Shell Int Explorat & Prod Inc, Rijswijk, Netherlands. CNRS, CEREGE, Dept Hydrogeophys & Porous Media, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. RP Snieder, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Wave Phenomena, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rsnieder@mines.edu; gbawden@usgs.gov; Paul.Hatchell@Shell.com; revil@cerege.fr RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; OI Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X; Wapenaar, Kees/0000-0002-1620-8282 NR 124 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2007 VL 35 BP 653 EP 683 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.092006.145050 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 175KM UT WOS:000247012500021 ER PT S AU Field, CB Lobell, DB Peters, HA Chiariello, NR AF Field, Christopher B. Lobell, David B. Peters, Halton A. Chiariello, Nona R. TI Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE albedo; biogeochemistry; biogeography; permafrost; land use ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; MOIST TROPICAL FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; GLOBAL CLIMATE; LAND-USE; GREENHOUSE GASES; SOIL RESPIRATION; COUPLED CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES AB Most modeling studies on terrestrial feedbacks to warming over the twenty-first century imply that the net feedbacks are negative-that changes in ecosystems, on the whole, resistwarming, largely through ecosystem carbon storage. Although it is clear that potentially important mechanisms can lead to carbon storage, a number of less well-understood mechanisms, several of which are rarely or incompletely modeled, tend to diminish the negative feedbacks or lead to positive feedbacks. At high latitudes, negative feedbacks from forest expansion are likely to be largely or completely compensated by positive feedbacks from decreased albedo, increased carbon emissions from thawed permafrost, and increased wildfire. At low latitudes, negative feedbacks to warming will be decreased or eliminated, largely through direct human impacts. With modest warming, net feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to warming are likely to be negative in the tropics and positive at high latitudes. Larger amounts of warming will generally push the feedbacks toward the positive. C1 Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Field, CB (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cfield@globalecology.stanford.edu; lobell2@llnl.go; hpeters@Stanford.edu; nonajrbp@Stanford.edu NR 161 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 13 U2 111 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2332-5 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2007 VL 32 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.32.053006.141119 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236CJ UT WOS:000251280300002 ER PT S AU Bdzil, JB Stewart, DS AF Bdzil, John B. Stewart, D. Scott TI The dynamics of detonation in explosive systems SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE detonations; explosives; detonation shock dynamics ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; VELOCITY-CURVATURE RELATIONSHIP; TWO-DIMENSIONAL DETONATION; CHAIN-BRANCHING KINETICS; LARGE ACTIVATION-ENERGY; SHOCK DYNAMICS; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; MULTIDIMENSIONAL DETONATION; MODELING DETONATION; EVOLUTION EQUATION AB This article reviews advances in modeling condensed-phase explosive detonation waves and their interaction with inerts for precision applications. We describe how constitutive data are obtained for a basic, predictive hydrodynamic model for explosives that subsequently can be studied numerically and analytically. Theory for multidimensional, time-dependent detonation dynamics is reviewed with a focus on freely propagating detonation and the asymptotic theory for quasi-one-dimensional, quasi-steady, detonation shock evolution (detonation shock dynamics). We discuss verification of these theories by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and validation by experiment. We describe a subscale model of detonation that uses an evolution equation to predict detonation dynamics and front states in complex engineering geometries that otherwise could not be computed by DNS. Four areas for future research are identified. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bdzil, JB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbb@lanl.gov; dss@uiuc.edu NR 119 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 27 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 BN 978-0-8243-0739-4 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2007 VL 39 BP 263 EP 292 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092049 PG 30 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 131WA UT WOS:000243900500013 ER PT S AU Chevalier, J Gremillard, L Deville, S AF Chevalier, Jerome Gremillard, Laurent Deville, Sylvain TI Low-temperature degradation of Zirconia and implications for biomedical implants SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Y-TZP; transformation; aging; orthopedics; dental ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MOL-PERCENT-YTTRIA; TOUGHENED ALUMINA CERAMICS; TETRAGONAL ZRO2 POLYCRYSTALS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; TOTAL HIP-REPLACEMENT; Y-TZP; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION AB This review describes the mechanisms responsible for low-temperature degradation (LTD) of zirconia ceramics and its detrimental consequences for biomedical devices. Special emphasis is given to the critical issue of zirconia degradation actually observed for hip prostheses. Experimental methods to accurately measure and predict LTD in a given zirconia ceramic are presented. Different solutions to inhibit LTD or at least reduce its kinetics are reviewed, with the objective of highlighting alternative options for the generation of new zirconia-based biomedical ceramic devices. C1 INSA, CNRS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chevalier, J (reprint author), INSA, CNRS, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. EM Jerome.chevalier@insa-lyon.fr OI Gremillard, Laurent/0000-0001-7258-6483; Deville, Sylvain/0000-0002-3363-3184 NR 91 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 4 U2 74 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1737-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084250 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200IY UT WOS:000248758300002 ER PT S AU Kalinin, SV Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Karapetian, E Mirman, B Eliseev, EA Morozovska, AN AF Kalinin, Sergei V. Rodriguez, Brian J. Jesse, Stephen Karapetian, Edgar Mirman, Boris Eliseev, Eugene A. Morozovska, Anna N. TI Nanoscale electromechanics of ferroelectric and biological systems: A new dimension in scanning probe microscopy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE piezoelectricity; flexoelectricity; hysteresis; domain dynamics; polarization switching ID PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY; LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; DOMAIN SWITCHING DYNAMICS; OUTER HAIR CELL; THIN-FILMS; BARIUM-TITANATE; NANOMETER-SCALE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; POLARIZATION IMPRINT AB Functionality of biological and inorganic systems ranging from nonvolatile computer memories and microelectromechanical systems to electromotor proteins and cellular membranes is ultimately based on the intricate coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena. In the past decade, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has been established as a powerful tool for nanoscale imaging, spectroscopy, and manipulation of ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. Here, we give an overview of the fundamental image formation mechanism in PFM and summarize recent theoretical and technological advances. In particular, we show that the signal formation in PFM is complementary to that in the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques, and we discuss the implications. We also consider the prospect of extending PFM beyond ferroelectric characterization for quantitative probing of electromechanical behavior in molecular and biological systems and high-resolution probing of static and dynamic polarization switching processes in low-dimensional ferroelectric materials and heterostructures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Suffolk Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Mat Sci Problems, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 179 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 9 U2 105 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1737-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 189 EP 238 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084323 PG 50 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200IY UT WOS:000248758300008 ER PT S AU Egami, T AF Egami, T. TI Local structure of ferroelectric materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE local atomic structure; relaxor ferroelectrics; neutron scattering; diffuse scattering; PDF analysis ID PULSED-NEUTRON SCATTERING; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; RELAXOR PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; DIFFRACTION; OXIDES; PHASE; MODEL AB Most of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials used in transducers and electronics are complex mixed-ion alloys, in which atomic disorder plays an important role in the ferroelectric properties. The extreme case is relaxor ferroelectric solids with diffuse ferroelectric transition and glass-like relaxation behavior. In this review I discuss how advanced characterization techniques, such as neutron scattering, enabled a determination of the local structure and facilitated the understanding of the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of these complex systems. In particular, I focus on the role of Pb(2+) ions in mixed ferroelectrics and the atomistic mechanism of relaxor ferroelectrics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Egami@utk.edu NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1737-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 297 EP 315 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084157 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200IY UT WOS:000248758300011 ER PT J AU Gopalan, V Dierolf, V Scrymgeour, DA AF Gopalan, Venkatraman Dierolf, Volkmar Scrymgeour, David A. TI Defect-domain wall interactions in trigonal ferroelectrics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ferroelectric domain walls; defect clusters; domain wall width; near-field scanning optical microscopy; piezoelectric force microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; rare-earth designer defects; X-ray synchrotron imaging ID NONLINEAR-DIELECTRIC-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; 24 DEGREES C; ELECTROSTATIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONGRUENT LITAO3 CRYSTALS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LINBO3 CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Domains and domain walls are a fundamental property of interest in ferroelectrics, magnetism, ferroelastics, superconductors, and multiferroic materials. Unlike magnetic Bloch walls, ideal ferroelectric domain walls are well accepted to be only one to two lattice units wide, over which polarization and strain change across the wall. However, walls in real ferroelectrics appear to show unexpected property variations in the vicinity of domain walls that can extend over micrometer length scales. This chapter specifically reviews the local electrical, elastic, optical, and structural properties of antiparallel domain walls in the trigonal ferroelectrics lithium niobate and lithium tantalate. It is shown that extrinsic point defects and their clustering play a key role in the observed local wall structure and influence macroscale properties by orders of magnitude. The review also raises broader and yet unexplored fundamental questions regarding intrinsic widths, defect-domain wall interactions, and static versus dynamic wall structure. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vgopalan@psu.edu RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 NR 122 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 11 U2 73 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 449 EP 489 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084247 PG 41 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200IY UT WOS:000248758300016 ER PT J AU Schlom, DG Chen, LQ Eom, CB Rabe, KM Streiffer, SK Triscone, JM AF Schlom, Darrell G. Chen, Long-Qing Eom, Chang-Beom Rabe, Karin M. Streiffer, Stephen K. Triscone, Jean-Marc TI Strain tuning of ferroelectric thin films SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE substrates; theory and simulation; ferroelectric characterization methods; epitaxial oxide films; superlattices; multicomponent oxides ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL BATIO3/SRTIO3 SUPERLATTICES; LOW-LOSS SUBSTRATE; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; X-RAY; POLARIZATION INSTABILITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; KNBO3/KTAO3 SUPERLATTICES; REMANENT POLARIZATION AB Predictions and measurements of the effect of biaxial strain on the properties of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films and superlattices are reviewed. Results for single-layer ferroelectric films of biaxially strained SrTiO3, BaTiO3, and PbTiO3 as well as PbTiO3/SrTiO3 and BaTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices are described. Theoretical approaches, including first principles, thermodynamic analysis, and phase-field models, are applied to these biaxially strained materials, the assumptions and limitations of each technique are explained, and the predictions are compared. Measurements of the effect of biaxial strain on the paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transition temperature (T-C) are shown, demonstrating the ability of percent-level strains to shift T-C by hundreds of degrees in agreement with the predictions that predated such experiments. Along the way, important experimental techniques for characterizing the properties of strained ferroelectric thin films and superlattices, as well as appropriate substrates on which to grow then, are mentioned. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Geneva, DPMC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Schlom, DG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schlom@ems.psu.edu RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; NR 159 TC 463 Z9 465 U1 50 U2 388 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2007 VL 37 BP 589 EP 626 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.061206.113016 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 200IY UT WOS:000248758300019 ER PT S AU Arp, DJ Chain, PSG Klotz, MG AF Arp, Daniel J. Chain, Patrick S. G. Klotz, Martin G. TI The impact of genome analyses on our understanding of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Nitrosomonas; Nitrosococclis; complete genome sequences; N cycle ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ENCODING HYDROXYLAMINE OXIDOREDUCTASE; PARTICULATE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; OPTIMAL-GROWTH TEMPERATURE; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; NITRITE REDUCTASE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MULTIPLE COPIES; NITROSOSPIRA SP AB The availability of whole-genome sequences for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) has led to dramatic increases in our understanding of these environmentally important microorganisms. Their genomes are smaller than many other members of the proteobacteria and may indicate genome reductions consistent with their limited lifestyle. The genomes have a surprising level of gene repetition including genes for ammonia catabolism, iron acquisition, and insertion sequences. The gene profiles reveal limited genes for catabolism and transport of complex organic compounds, but complete pathways for some other compounds. This led to the observation of chemolithoheterotrophic growth of Nitrosomonas europaea. Genes for sucrose synthesis/degradation were identified. The core metabolic module of aerobic ammonia oxidation, the extraction of electrons from hydroxylamine to generate proton-motive force and reductant, has evolutionary roots in the denitrification inventory of anaerobic sulfur-dependent bacteria. The extension by ammonia monooxygenase provides a mechanism to feed this module using ammonia and O(2). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Dept Biol, Evolutionary & Genom Microbiol Lab, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Dept Microbiol, Evolutionary & Genom Microbiol Lab, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Dept Immunol, Evolutionary & Genom Microbiol Lab, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Arp, DJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM arpd@science.oregonstate.edu; chain2@llnl.gov; martin.klotz@louisville.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Klotz, Martin/D-2091-2009 OI Klotz, Martin/0000-0002-1783-375X NR 120 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 64 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1161-2 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2007 VL 61 BP 503 EP 528 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093449 PG 26 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 231RB UT WOS:000250965600025 PM 17506671 ER PT J AU Denef, F Douglas, MR Kachru, S AF Denef, Frederik Douglas, Michael R. Kachru, Shamit TI Physics of string flux compactifications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE string vacua; string phenomenology; moduli stabilization ID D-BRANE MODELS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; STATISTICS; DYNAMICS; ENERGY AB We provide a qualitative review of flux compactifications of string theory, focusing on broad physical implications and statistical methods of analysis. C1 Univ Louvain, Inst Theoret Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Denef, F (reprint author), Univ Louvain, Inst Theoret Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM frederik.denef@fys.kuleuven.be; mrd@physics.rutgers.edu; skachru@leland.stanford.edu NR 88 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 119 EP 144 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123042 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OZ UT WOS:000251313900005 ER PT J AU Carlson, CE Vanderhaeghen, M AF Carlson, Carl E. Vanderhaeghen, Marc TI Two-photon physics in hadronic processes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE electron scattering; form factors; two-photon exchange processes ID ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN HYPERFINE STRUCTURE; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; LEPTON-NUCLEON-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTION AB Two-photon exchange contributions to elastic electron scattering are reviewed. The apparent discrepancy between unpolarized Rosenbluth and polarizition transfer experiments in the extraction of elastic nucleon form factors is discussed, as well as the understanding of this puzzle in terms of two-photon exchange corrections. Calculations of such corrections within both partonic and hadronic frameworks are reviewed. In view of recent spin-dependent electron scattering data, the relation of the two-photon exchange process to the hyperfine splitting in hydrogen is critically examined. The imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude as can be accessed from the beam-normal spin asymmetry in elastic electron-nucleon scattering is reviewed. Further extensions and open issues in this field are outlined. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelarator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carlson, CE (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM carlson@physics.wm.edu; marcvdh@jlab.org NR 136 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 171 EP 204 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123116 PG 34 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OZ UT WOS:000251313900007 ER PT J AU Miller, ML Reygers, K Sanders, SJ Steinberg, P AF Miller, Michael L. Reygers, Klaus Sanders, Stephen J. Steinberg, Peter TI Glauber modeling in high-energy nuclear collisions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE heavy ion physics; number of participating nucleons; number of binary collisions; impact parameter; eccentricity ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON-NUCLEUS; CHARMONIUM SUPPRESSION; BRAHMS EXPERIMENT; EVENT GENERATOR; ELLIPTIC FLOW AB We review the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and phenomenology of what is known in relativistic heavy ion physics as the Glauber model, which is used to calculate geometric quantities. A brief history of the original Glauber model is presented, with emphasis on its development into the purely classical, geometric picture used for present-day data analyses. Distinctions are made between the optical limit and Monte Carlo approaches, which are often used interchangeably but have some essential differences in particular contexts. The methods used by the four RHIC experiments are compared and contrasted, although the end results are reassuringly similar for the various geometric observables. Finally several important RHIC measurements ore highlighted that rely on geometric quantities, estimated from Glauber calculations, to draw insight from experimental observables. The status and future of Glauber modeling in the next generation of heavy ion physics studies is briefly discussed. C1 MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Phys Nucl, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, ML (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mlmiller@mit.edu; reygers@ikp.uni-muenster.de; ssamders@ku.edu; peter.steinberg@bnl.gov NR 79 TC 522 Z9 523 U1 4 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 205 EP 243 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123020 PG 39 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OZ UT WOS:000251313900008 ER PT J AU Vetter, K AF Vetter, Kai TI Recent developments in the fabrication and operation of germanium detectors SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Ge detectors; Ge detector technologies; gamma-ray tracking; Compton imaging; neutrinoless double-beta decay ID HIGH-PURITY GERMANIUM; DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; AMORPHOUS-GE CONTACTS; STRIP DETECTORS; COMPTON CAMERA; POSITION SENSITIVITY; HPGE DETECTORS; X-RAY; SEMICONDUCTOR-DETECTORS AB Although developed and first demonstrated more than 40 years ago, germanium detectors still represent the gold standard in detecting gamma radiation for energies ranging from approximately 100 keV to 10 MeV The combination of high-efficiency and excellent energy resolution and many recent technological developments have significantly increased the range of applications for Ge detectors. We review the state of the art in the fabrication and operation of Ge detectors by mapping recent developments in Ge detector technologies to a range of applications. These include research in nuclear physics, fundamental physics, and astrophysics, as well as applications in medical imaging and homeland security. Ge detector technologies will remain vitally important for applied and basic research instruments for high-sensitivity gamma-ray detection in the future. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kvetter@llnl.gov NR 134 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 363 EP 404 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140525 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OZ UT WOS:000251313900012 ER PT S AU Jackson, J Calder, N AF Jackson, Judy Calder, Neil TI Quantum communication SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE particle physics; collaboration; international; SLAC; Fermilab; symmetry; interactions AB Few would dispute that the science of particle physics in the United States has reached a crossroads. Policies, decisions, and events of the coming decade will be critical in determining whether the United States continues to carry out a competitive program of leadership in this field of fundamental science. The field of particle physics has responded to this reality by fundamentally changing its model of communication from "business as usual" to a strategic and collaborative method that is clearly focused on achieving a healthy future for the science. Over the past half-dozen years, the particle physics community has gone from being an oft-cited example of how not to communicate effectively, to a frequently cited-and emulated-model for science communication. This review outlines the new approach toward communication in particle physics and then goes into detail about three case studies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Jackson, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. EM jjackson@fnal.gov; neil.calder@slac.stanford.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1557-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 441 EP 462 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123030 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 236OZ UT WOS:000251313900014 ER PT S AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, Victor I. TI Spectral and dynamical properties of multilexcitons in semiconductor nanocrystals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quantum dot; quantum rod; exciton; biexciton; Auger recombination; optical gain; carrier multiplication; solar cell ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; INVERTED CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER DYNAMICS; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; OPTICAL GAIN; SOLAR-CELLS; AUGER RECOMBINATION; STIMULATED-EMISSION; LIGHT AMPLIFICATION AB Because of the strong spatial confinement of electronic wave functions and reduced dielectric screening, the effects of carrier-carrier Coulomb interactions are greatly enhanced in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) compared with those in bulk materials. These interactions open a highly efficient decay channel via Auger recombination, which represents a dominant recombination pathway for multiexcitons in NCs. Furthermore, strong Coulomb coupling between charge carriers leads to extremely efficient direct photogeneration of multiexcitons by single photons via carrier (or exciton) multiplication. This review focuses on spectral and dynamical properties of multiexcitons in semiconductor NCs. The specific topics discussed here include the structure of NC electronic states, spectral signatures of multiexcitons in transient absorption and photoluminescence, exciton-exciton interaction energies, Auger recombination, and carrier multiplication. This chapter also briefly reviews the implications of multiexciton effects for practical technologies, such as NC lasing and photovoltaics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 87 TC 399 Z9 401 U1 30 U2 226 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1058-5 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2007 VL 58 BP 635 EP 673 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104537 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 170HB UT WOS:000246652300025 PM 17163837 ER PT J AU Ghirardi, ML Posewitz, MC Maness, PC Dubini, A Yu, JP Seibert, M AF Ghirardi, Maria L. Posewitz, Matthew C. Maness, Pin-Ching Dubini, Alexandra Yu, Jianping Seibert, Michael TI Hydrogenases and hydrogen photoproduction in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE green algae; cyanobacteria; oxygen inhibition; photosynthesis ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA H16; MARINE GREEN-ALGA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NIFE-HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE AB The photobiological production of H-2 gas, using water as the only electron donor, is a property of two types of photosynthetic microorganisms: green algae and cyanobacteria. In these organisms, photosynthetic water splitting is functionally linked to H-2 production by the activity of hydrogenase enzymes. Interestingly, each of these organisms contains only one of two major types of hydrogenases, [FeFe] or [NiFe] enzymes, which are phylogenetically distinct but perform the same catalytic reaction, suggesting convergent evolution. This idea is supported by the observation that each of the two classes of hydrogenases has a different metallo-cluster, is encoded by entirely different sets of genes (apparently under the control of different promoter elements), and exhibits different maturation pathways. The genetics, biosynthesis, structure, function, and O-2 sensitivity of these enzymes have been the focus of extensive research in recent years. Some of this effort is clearly driven by the potential for using these enzymes in future biological or biohybrid systems to produce renewable fuel or in fuel cell applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ghirardi, ML (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov; matthew_posewitz@nrel.gov; pinching_maness@nrel.gov; alexandra_dubini@nrel.gov; jianping_yu@nrel.gov; mike_seibert@nrel.gov RI dubini, alexandra /A-7252-2016 OI dubini, alexandra /0000-0001-8825-3915 NR 115 TC 215 Z9 219 U1 7 U2 92 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 EI 1545-2123 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2007 VL 58 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103848 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 185IC UT WOS:000247703600005 PM 17150028 ER PT S AU Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE AF Reynolds, John G. Lawson, Glenn E. BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense: An Overview SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn AB Polymers and materials play key roles in national security through detection and decontamination addressing chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosives threats. Proposed detection and decontamination methods utilize polymers and other materials to combat terrorist threats. Because today's detectors are not sufficiently sensitive and selective and decontamination agents are not selective enough for all threats and every scenario, research is being conducted to bridge the scientific and technical gaps. Collected in this volume are papers that elucidate specific efforts in developing new polymers and new materials that can be used as platforms in detectors, as the matrix to incorporate specific detection sites, as recognition elements for detection, as detectors themselves, as decontamination agents and as key components in detection systems. The chapters are divided into the categories of chemical detection, biological detection, and decontamination. Although these groupings are primarily based on the applications, much of the design of the polymers and materials can be broadened into other pertinent detection and decontamination scenarios. A variety of polymeric materials and the methodology to produce them are described. These polymers include cross-linked divinyl benzene-substituted methacrylate polymers, polycarbosilanes, non-aqueous chemically cross-linked polybutadiene gels, conducting polyaniline nanofibers, organically doped polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene, electroplated polymer cast resins, amphiphilic functionalized norbornene polymers, cross-linked divinyl-benzamide phospholipids, silica and organo-silyl polymers. Other materials include metal chelating complexes, functionalized. porous silicon, siloxyl immobilized enzymes with porphyrins, polycarbosilanes, quantum dots and nano-crystalline oxides, dendritic complexing sites, amphiphilic functionalized norbornene polymers, reactive glass surfaces, and self assembled monolayers. C1 [Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808,L-178, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov; glenn.lawson@navy.mil; reynolds3@llnl.gov; glenn.lawson@navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch001 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300001 ER PT S AU Hart, BR Letant, SE Kane, SR Hadi, MZ Shields, SJ Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Del Eckels, J Reynolds, JG AF Hart, Bradley R. Letant, Sonia E. Kane, Staci R. Hadi, Masood Z. Shields, Sharon J. Cheng, Tu-Chen Rastogi, Vipin K. Del Eckels, J. Reynolds, John G. BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Development of an Enzyme-Based Photoluminescent Porous Silicon Detector for Chemical Warfare Agents SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ACID ANHYDROLASE; IMMOBILIZATION; SURFACES AB Photoluminescent (PL) porous silicon (PSi) has been modified for the attachment of biomolecules. Silicon wafers were etched by HF in CH(3)CH(2)OH and current to yield N-type PSi surfaces. A linker was constructed using hydrosilation reactions to give a direct Si-C bond on the surface. The other end of linker was designed so traditional protein cross-linking chemistry could be used to attach biomolecules. Dansyl cadaverine and Biotin-Streptavidin were attached to verify the utility of, and substantiate spectroscopically, the linking system. Glucuronidase was immobilized on the surface utilizing the linking system. The enzyme retained activity monitored through the conversion of p-nitro-phenyl-beta-D-glucuronide to p-nitro-phenol. The photoluminescence of the surface was retained, but varied upon enzymatic production of the p-nitro-phenol. Alteromonas sp. JD6.5 (OPAA-2) was also immobilized on the surface and exhibited sufficient enzymatic activity to transform p-nitro-phenyl-soman to p-nitro-phenol. The change in the photoluminescence of the surface was correlated to enzymatic activity producing the p-nitro-phenol hydrolysis product. C1 [Hart, Bradley R.; Letant, Sonia E.; Kane, Staci R.; Shields, Sharon J.; Del Eckels, J.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hart, BR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch003 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300003 ER PT S AU Lenhart, JL Cole, PJ Unal, B Hedden, RC AF Lenhart, Joseph L. Cole, Phillip J. Unal, Burcu Hedden, Ronald C. BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Non-Aqueous Polymer Gels with Broad Temperature Performance SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID HYDROGELS; RHEOLOGY; RELEASE; DESIGN; FILMS; FLOW AB A gel is a physically or chemically cross-linked polymer that is highly swollen with solvent. While significant work has focused on aqueous hydrogels for biotechnology applications, hydrogels suffer from a limited operating temperature range due to the moderate freezing point and high volatility of water. In this work, a non-aqueous, chemically cross-linked polybutadiene gel has been designed that exhibits stable properties over a temperature range of -70 to 70 degrees C. A combination of swelling experiments, rheology, neutron scattering, and tack adhesion testing was utilized to characterize the gel properties over a broad range of temperatures. The methodology utilized to design the polybutadiene gel can be generalized to different gel materials and applications. C1 [Lenhart, Joseph L.; Cole, Phillip J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jllenha@sandia.gov; pjcole@saiidia.gov OI Hedden, Ronald/0000-0003-3571-1403 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch006 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300006 ER PT S AU Brown, SS Rondinone, AJ Dai, S AF Brown, Suree S. Rondinone, Adam J. Dai, Sheng BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI Applications of Nanoparticles in Scintillation Detectors SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID LIQUID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; COLLOIDS; LUMINESCENCE; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; CORE; CDSE AB Applications of commercially available, highly efficient inorganic scintillators (particle size: mu m) are limited by their low solubilities in both polymeric and sol-gel matrices. On the other hand, organic scintillators, though highly soluble in polystyrene-based matrices, are not compatible with an efficient neutron inorganic absorber, (6)Li, and their applications with (6)Li as neutron scintillators are strictly limited. Here, preparation and surface modification of organic nanoparticles and inorganic nanocrystals are demonstrated as a means to increase dispersion and compatibility of scintillators with neutron-absorbing materials and matrices. A survey of nanoparticles, including PPO, POPOP-doped polystyrene nanoparticles, CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots, Y(2)O(3):Ce (5%), LaPO(4):Ce (10%), and (6)Li(3)PO(4) nanocrystals, in various matrices, along with their results in beta, alpha, or neutron detection is discussed. C1 [Brown, Suree S.; Rondinone, Adam J.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 117 EP + DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch008 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300008 ER PT S AU McGraw, GJ Kanouff, M Ceremuga, JT Davalos, RV Lapizco-Encinas, BH Mela, P Shediac, R Brazzle, JD Hachman, JT Fiechtner, GJ Cummings, EB Fintschenko, Y Simmons, BA AF McGraw, Gregory J. Kanouff, Michael Ceremuga, Joseph T. Davalos, Rafael V. Lapizco-Encinas, Blanca H. Mela, Petra Shediac, Renee Brazzle, John D. Hachman, John T. Fiechtner, Gregory J. Cummings, Eric B. Fintschenko, Yolanda Simmons, Blake A. BE Reynolds, JG Lawson, GE Koester, CJ TI A Comparison of Insulator-Based Dielectrophoretic Devices for the Monitoring and Separation of Waterborne Pathogens as a Function of Microfabrication Technique SO ANTITERRORISM AND HOMELAND DEFENSE: POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymers and Materials for Antiterrorism and Homeland Defense CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn ID ELECTRODELESS DIELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMER MICROCHANNELS; BACTERIA; FIELD; FLOW; LIVE AB We present the selective trapping, concentration, and release of various biological organisms and inert beads utilizing insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) with discrete post arrays inside a polymeric microfluidic device. The arrays of insulating posts used to constrict electric field lines within the microchannel were fabricated using two of the most common fabrication techniques: chemical isotropic and reactive ion anisotropic etching. These fabrication methods, therefore, produce Structures with distinct transverse profiles-the reactive ion etch produces relatively straight sidewalls, whereas the chemical etch produces tapered sidewalls. The devices were utilized to selectively separate and concentrate a variety of biological simulants and organisms. The dielectrophoretic responses of the organisms were observed to be a function of the applied electric field as well as post size and channel geometry. We then compare the device performance as a function of microfabrication methodology and through comparing experimental results and those predicted by computational modeling. We have found that there is a direct dependence on the cross-section profile of the channel and the non-uniform electric field gradients generated. This variation has a significant impact on the resultant performance and separation efficiency of the device. C1 [McGraw, Gregory J.; Kanouff, Michael; Ceremuga, Joseph T.; Davalos, Rafael V.; Lapizco-Encinas, Blanca H.; Mela, Petra; Shediac, Renee; Brazzle, John D.; Hachman, John T.; Fiechtner, Gregory J.; Cummings, Eric B.; Fintschenko, Yolanda; Simmons, Blake A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McGraw, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3964-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 980 BP 133 EP 157 DI 10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch009 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BKS05 UT WOS:000269053300009 ER PT J AU Lau, GK Cooksley, H Ribeiro, RM Powers, KA Shudo, E Bowden, S Hui, CK Anderson, J Sorbel, J Mondou, E Rousseau, F Lewin, S Perelson, AS Locarnini, S Naoumov, NV AF Lau, George K. K. Cooksley, Helen Ribeiro, Ruy M. Powers, Kimberly A. Shudo, Emi Bowden, Scott Hui, Chee-Kin Anderson, Jane Sorbel, Jeff Mondou, Elsa Rousseau, Franck Lewin, Sharon Perelson, Alan S. Locarnini, Stephen Naoumov, Nikolai V. TI Impact of early viral kinetics on T-cell reactivity during antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; COMBINATION THERAPY; HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LIVER-DAMAGE; LAMIVUDINE; CLEARANCE; PEGINTERFERON; REPLICATION AB Background: The patterns of hepatitis B viral dynamics during different antiviral therapies and the associated changes in HBV-specific T-cell reactivity are not well defined. Methods: We investigated the impact of early viral load decline on virus-specific T-cell reactivity in 30 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B randomized to monotherapy with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or in combination with erntricitabine (ADV/FTC). Viral kinetics were analysed by mathematical modelling. T-cell reactivity to HBV core and/or surface antigens and natural killer T cell frequency were tested longitudinally, baseline to week 48, using EliSPOT assays and/or flow cytometry. Results: Mathematical modelling of early HBV kinetics identified two subsets of patients: 11 fast responders (undetectable viraemia by week 12; eight on ADV/FTC three on ADV) and 19 slow responders who remained viremic (six on ADV/FTC 13 on ADV). The rate of infected hepatocyte loss was higher in fast than in slow responders (P = 0.0007), and correlated inversely with pre-treatment levels of intrahepatic covalently closed circular HBV DNA. The frequency of HBV core-specific CD4(+) T-cells increased significantly only in fast responders, peaking between week 16 and 24, while the HBV surface-specific CD4(+) T-cells increased in both subsets. These changes in CD4(+) T-cell reactivity were transient however, and no increase in HBV-specific CD8(+) T-cells was observed. By week 48, HBeAg seroconversion occurred only in 3/30 (10%) patients. Conclusions: Early viraemia clearance facilitates recovery of virus-specific CD4(+) T-cell reactivity, but appears insufficient to establish clinically relevant antiviral immunity. C1 Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. UCL, Inst Hepatol, London WC1E, England. Los Almos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Triangle Pharmaceut Inc, Gilead Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Lau, GK (reprint author), Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM gkklau@netvigator.com OI Lewin, Sharon Ruth/0000-0002-0330-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20-RR18754, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 42 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 705 EP 718 PG 14 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 197IC UT WOS:000248546900002 PM 17713154 ER PT S AU Liu, DW Li, H Marlino, LD AF Liu, Danwei Li, Hui Marlino, Laura D. GP IEEE TI Design of a 6 kW multiple-input bi-directional DC-DC converter with decoupled current sharing control for hybrid energy storage elements SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB A Triple Half Bridge (THB) Bidirectional DGDC converter was proposed recently to combine different power energy storage elements/sources through a multi-winding transformer. The THB converter can be utilized in different applications including electric vehicle and distributed energy generation system. This paper presents the dynamic analysis and associated control design of this THB converter. An equivalent circuit based small signal model was developed. Bode plots of the control-output transfer functions were derived and interference between two input ports was analyzed. A double loop control system with current sharing strategy was implemented and a decoupling network was designed to obtain better control performance. Finally, a 6 kW prototype was built in the laboratory to verify the theoretical design. The experiment results show decoupling and good dynamic response as expected. C1 [Liu, Danwei; Li, Hui] FAMU FSU, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Marlino, Laura D.] Natl Transport Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Liu, DW (reprint author), FAMU FSU, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 509 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357561 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100074 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Tang, LX AF Su, Gui-Jia Tang, Lixin GP IEEE TI A bidirectional, triple-voltage DC-DC converter for hybrid and fuel cell vehicle power systems SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE multi-voltage-bus dc-dc converter; interleaved multiphase dc-dc converter; EV/HEVpower management; soft-switching AB Electrical power systems in future hybrid and fuel cell vehicles may employ three voltage (14V, 42V and high voltage (HV)) nets. These will be necessary to accommodate existing 14V loads as well as efficiently handle new heavy loads at the 42V net and an electrical traction drive on the HV bus. A low-cost bidirectional dc-de converter was proposed in [10] for connecting the three voltage nets. The converter consists of two half-bridges and a high-frequency transformer; thus minimizing the number of switching devices and their associated gate driver components. One salient feature is that the half-bridge on the 42V bus is also utilized to provide the 14V bus by operating its duty ratio around an atypical value of 1/3. This eliminates the need for an additional 14V/42V converter. Moreover, it makes use of the parasitic capacitance of the switches and the transformer leakage inductance for soft-switching; no extra active switches or passive resonant components are required. The use of half-bridges makes the topology suitable for interleaved multi-phase configurations as a means to increase the power level because the capacitor legs can be shared. This paper presents simulation and experimental results on an interleaved two-phase arrangement rated at 4.5 kW. Also discussed are the benefits of operating with the atypical duty ratio on the transformer and a preferred multi-phase configuration to minimize capacitor ripple currents. C1 [Su, Gui-Jia] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM sugj@orn1.gov; Lixin.tang@ieee.org RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-00R22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00R22725] FX Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00R22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00R22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 1043 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357644 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100156 ER PT S AU Chiasson, JN Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM AF Chiasson, John N. Ozpineci, Burak Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI A five-level three-phase hybrid cascade multilevel inverter using a single DC source for a Pm Synchronous motor drive SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE multilevel converter; PM motor drive AB The interest here is in using a single DC power source to construct a 3-phase 5-level cascade multilevel inverter to be used as a drive for a PM traction motor. The 5-level inverter consists of a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and an H-bridge in series with each inverter leg, which use a capacitor as a DC source. It is shown that one can simultaneously maintain the regulation of the capacitor voltage while achieving an output voltage waveform which is 25% higher than that obtained using a standard 3-leg inverter by itself. C1 [Chiasson, John N.] Boise State Univ, ECE Dept, MS 2075, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chiasson, JN (reprint author), Boise State Univ, ECE Dept, MS 2075, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM johnchiasson@boisestate.edu; ozpinecib@oml.gov; tolbertlm@oml.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 1504 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357716 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100228 ER PT S AU Love, NS Kamath, C AF Love, Nicole S. Kamath, Chandrika BE Tescher, AG TI Image analysis for the identification of coherent structures in plasma - art. no. 66960D SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXX CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE segmentation; object detection; coherent structures; plasma edge turbulence ID EDGE TURBULENCE AB Turbulence at the edge of the plasma in a nuclear fusion reactor can cause toss of confinement of the plasma. In an effort to study the edge turbulence, the National Spherical Torus Experiment uses a gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic to capture images of the turbulence. A gas puff is injected into the torus and visible light emission from the gas cloud is captured by an ultra high-speed camera. Our goal is to detect and track coherent structures in the GPI images to improve our understanding of plasma edge turbulence. In this paper, we present results from various segmentation methods for the identification of the coherent structures. We consider three categories of methods - immersion-based, region-growing, and model-based - and empirically evaluate their performance on four sample sequences. Our preliminary results indicate that while some methods can be sensitive to the settings of parameters, others show promise in being able to detect the coherent structures. C1 [Love, Nicole S.; Kamath, Chandrika] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Love, NS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6844-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6696 BP D6960 EP D6960 DI 10.1117/12.732451 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHC84 UT WOS:000252226000012 ER PT S AU Kegelmeyer, LM Fong, PW Glenn, SM Liebman, JA AF Kegelmeyer, Laura Mascio Fong, Philip W. Glenn, Steven M. Liebman, Judy A. BE Tescher, AG TI Local area signal-to-noise ratio (LASNR) algorithm for image segmentation - art. no. 66962H SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXX, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXX CY AUG 28-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Many automated image-based applications have need of finding small spots in a variably noisy image. For humans, it is relatively easy to distinguish objects from local surroundings no matter what else may be in the image. We attempt to capture this distinguishing capability computationally by calculating a measurement that estimates the strength of signal within an object versus the noise in its local neighborhood. First, we hypothesize various sizes for the object and corresponding background areas. Then, we compute the Local Area Signal to Noise Ratio (LASNR) at every pixel in the image, resulting in a new image with LASNR values for each pixel. All pixels exceeding a pre-selected LASNR value become seed pixels, or initiation points, and are grown to include the full area extent of the object. Since growing the seed. is a separate operation from finding the seed, each object can be any size and shape. Thus, the overall process is a 2-stage segmentation method that first finds object seeds and then grows them to find the full extent of the object. This algorithm was designed, optimized and is in daily use for the accurate and rapid inspection of optics from a large laser system (National Ignition Facility (NIF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA), which includes images with background noise, ghost reflections, different illumination and other sources of variation. C1 [Kegelmeyer, Laura Mascio; Fong, Philip W.; Glenn, Steven M.; Liebman, Judy A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kegelmeyer, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Fong, Philip/0000-0003-3525-8194 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6844-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6696 BP H6962 EP H6962 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHC84 UT WOS:000252226000079 ER PT J AU Ducey, TF Page, B Usgaard, T Borucki, MK Pupedis, K Ward, TJ AF Ducey, Thomas F. Page, Brent Usgaard, Thomas Borucki, Monica K. Pupedis, Kitty Ward, Todd J. TI A single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based multilocus genotyping assay for subtyping lineage I isolates of Listeria monocytogenes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIC-ASSOCIATED STRAINS; TRUNCATED INTERNALIN-A; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; SEROTYPE 4B; RESTRICTION; PULSENET AB Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for food-borne disease with high mortality rates in humans and is the leading microbiological cause of food recalls. Lineage I isolates of L. monocytogenes are a particular public health concern because they are responsible for most sporadic cases of listeriosis and the vast majority of epidemic outbreaks. Rapid, reproducible, and sensitive methods for differentiating pathogens below the species level are required for effective pathogen control programs, and the CDC PulseNet Task Force has called for the development and validation of DNA sequence-based methods for subtyping food-borne pathogens. Therefore, we developed a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for L. monocytogenes lineage I isolates based on nucleotide variation identified by sequencing 23,251 by of DNA from 22 genes distributed across seven genomic regions in 65 L. monocytogenes isolates. This single-well assay of 60 allele-specific probes captured 100% of the haplotype information contained in approximately 1.5 Mb of comparative DNA sequence and was used to reproducibly type a total of 241 lineage I isolates. The MLGT assay provided high discriminatory power (Simpson's index value, 0.91), uniquely identified isolates from the eight listeriosis outbreaks examined, and differentiated serotypes 1/2b and 4b as well as epidemic clone I (ECI), ECIa, and ECII. In addition, the assay included probes for a previously characterized truncation mutation in inlA, providing for the identification of a specific virulence-attenuated subtype. These results demonstrate that MLGT represents a significant new tool for use in pathogen surveillance, outbreak detection, risk assessment, population analyses, and epidemiological investigations. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA, Microbial Outbreaks & Special Projects Lab, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 59 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1128/AEM.01453-06 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 124UC UT WOS:000243394400014 PM 17085705 ER PT J AU Gao, HC Yang, ZMK Gentry, TJ Wu, LY Schadt, CW Zhou, JZ AF Gao, Haichun Yang, Zamin K. Gentry, Terry J. Wu, Liyou Schadt, Christopher W. Zhou, Jizhong TI Microarray-based analysis of microbial community RNAs by whole-community RNA amplification SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATABOLIC GENE-CLUSTER; MESSENGER-RNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POPULATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; QUANTITIES; EXPRESSION AB A new approach, termed whole-community RNA amplification (WCRA), was developed to provide sufficient amounts of mRNAs from environmental samples for microarray analysis. This method employs fusion primers (six to nine random nucleotides with an attached T7 promoter) for the first-strand synthesis. The shortest primer (T7N6S) gave the best results in terms of the yield and representativeness of amplification. About 1,200- to 1,800-fold amplification was obtained with amounts of the RNA templates ranging from 10 to 100 ng, and very representative detection was obtained with 50 to 100 ng total RNA. Evaluation with a Shewanella oneidensis Delta fur strain revealed that the amplification method which we developed could preserve the original abundance relationships of mRNAs. In addition, to determine whether representative detection of RNAs can be achieved with mixed community samples, amplification biases were evaluated with a mixture containing equal quantities of RNAs (100 ng each) from four bacterial species, and representative amplification was also obtained. Finally, the method which we developed was applied to the active microbial populations in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor used for denitrification of contaminated groundwater and ethanol-stimulated groundwater samples for uranium reduction. The genes expressed were consistent with the expected functions of the bioreactor and groundwater system, suggesting that this approach is useful for analyzing the functional activities of microbial communities. This is one of the first demonstrations that microarray-based technology can be used to successfully detect the activities of microbial communities from real environmental samples in a high-throughput fashion. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; NR 48 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 2 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1128/AEM.01771-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136BK UT WOS:000244197400023 PM 17098911 ER PT B AU Shin, J Hovland, PD AF Shin, Jaewook Hovland, Paul D. GP ACM TI Comparison of Two Activity Analyses for Automatic Differentiation: Context-Sensitive Flow-Insensitive vs. Context-Insensitive Flow-Sensitive SO APPLIED COMPUTING 2007, VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd ACM Symposium on Applied Computing CY MAR 11-15, 2007 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ACM DE automatic differentiation; activity analysis AB Automatic differentiation (AD) is a family of techniques to generate derivative code from a mathematical model expressed in a programming language. AD computes partial derivatives for each operation in the input code and combines them to produce the desired derivative by applying the chain rule. Activity analysis is a compiler analysis used to find active variables in automatic differentiation. By lifting the burden of computing partial derivatives for passive variables, activity analysis can reduce the memory requirement and run time of the generated derivative code. This paper compares a new context-sensitive flow-insensitive (CSFI) activity analysis with an existing context-insensitive flow-sensitive (CIFS) activity analysis in terms of execution time and the quality of the analysis results. Our experiments with eight benchmarks show that the new CSFI activity analysis runs up to 583 times faster and overestimates up to 18.5 times fewer active variables than does the existing CIFS activity analysis. C1 [Shin, Jaewook; Hovland, Paul D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shin, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaewook@mcs.anl.gov; hovland@mcs.anl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-480-2 PY 2007 BP 1323 EP 1329 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BKI57 UT WOS:000268215700255 ER PT J AU Codd, SL Howe, DT Seymour, JD Werre, EH Busse, SC Peterson, ES AF Codd, S. L. Howe, D. T. Seymour, J. D. Werre, E. H. Busse, S. C. Peterson, E. S. TI Magnetic resonance Microscopy of heterogeneity in polymer electrolyte membranes SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMER; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; WATER DISTRIBUTION; NAFION MEMBRANES; NMR MICROSCOPY; METHANOL; DRY AB Magnetic resonance microscopy of Nation 117 is used to measure the spatial variation of solvent dynamics in protonated (acid form) membranes immersed in solvent. Spatial resolution allows determination of membrane material property heterogeneity via T-2 and diffusion variations to be easily studied in the presence of strong free solvent signal. Variation of T2 and diffusion as a function of solvent methanol-water mole fraction is measured. Spatially averaged T2 and diffusion data are in general agreement with previous bulk nuclear magnetic resonance studies; however, significant disparities from sample to sample at fixed solvent concentration are present in the spatially averaged data. The variation is determined to be due to changes in solvent mobility within the membrane over scales of the order of 10 mm, indicating macroscale heterogeneity of the solvent saturated membrane morphology. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Codd, SL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM scodd@coe.montana.edu RI Codd, Sarah/F-1639-2013; Peterson, Eric/B-9127-2017; Seymour, Joseph/E-8518-2012 OI Peterson, Eric/0000-0002-2292-4939; Seymour, Joseph/0000-0003-4264-5416 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00723-007-0003-6 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 208KZ UT WOS:000249319500003 ER PT J AU Granwehr, J AF Granwehr, J. TI Multiplicative or t(1) noise in NMR spectroscopy SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIGNAL IRREPRODUCIBILITY; REFERENCE DECONVOLUTION; SPIN NOISE; T1 NOISE; FIELD; SENSITIVITY; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETERS; TEMPERATURE AB The signal in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment is highly sensitive to fluctuations of the environment of the sample. If, for example, the static magnetic field B-0, the amplitude and phase of radio frequency (rf) pulses, or the resonant frequency of the detection circuit are not perfectly stable and reproducible, the magnetic moment of the spins is altered and becomes a noisy quantity itself. This kind of noise depends on the presence of a signal, to which it is usually proportional. Since all the spins at a particular location in a sample experience the same environment at any given time, such multiplicative noise primarily affects the reproducibility of an experiment. It is mainly of importance in the indirect dimensions of a multidimensional experiment, when intense lines are suppressed with a phase cycle, or for difference spectroscopy techniques. Equivalently, experiments which are known to be problematic with regard to their reproducibility, like flow experiments or experiments with a mobile target, tend to be affected more strongly by multiplicative noise. In this article it is demonstrated how multiplicative noise can be identified and characterized using very simple, repetitive experiments. An error estimation approach is developed to give an intuitive, yet quantitative understanding of its properties. The consequences for multidimensional NMR experiments are outlined, implications for data analysis are shown, and strategies for the optimization of experiments are summarized. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Granwehr, J (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnet Resonance Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM josef.granwehr@nottingham.ac.uk NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00723-007-0006-3 PG 44 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 208KZ UT WOS:000249319500009 ER PT J AU Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G AF Poluektov, O. G. Utschig, L. M. Thurnauer, M. C. Kothe, G. TI Exploring hyperfine interactions in spin-correlated radical pairs from photosynthetic proteins: High-frequency ENDOR and quantum beat oscillations SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; NUCLEAR DOUBLE-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHARGE-SEPARATED STATE; ECHO ENVELOPE MODULATION; HIGH-FIELD EPR; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; TRANSIENT EPR; PULSED ENDOR AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and related spectroscopic tools remain among the most important probes of structure and function of natural photosynthetic systems. Indeed, the challenging questions in the study of photosynthesis have to a great extent dictated the directions taken in the development of EPR and associated spectroscopies. In this overview we-demonstrate, with recent examples from our laboratories, the potential of high-frequency and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy to reveal unique information about electron transfer processes and the structure of photosynthetic systems. A common feature of these experiments is that they probe hyperfine interactions of the spin-correlated radical pair. Thus, the analysis of the results requires consideration of three interacting spins: two correlated electron spins with one nuclear spin. The results illustrate the importance of resolving nuclear hyperfine structure for obtaining details of structure- function relationships in photosynthetic electron transfer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, Freiburg, Germany. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Oleg@anl.gov NR 62 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF03166251 PG 21 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 180VC UT WOS:000247393300009 ER PT J AU Withers, ST Keasling, JD AF Withers, Sydnor T. Keasling, Jay D. TI Biosynthesis and engineering of isoprenoid small molecules SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE isoprenoids; terpenes; synthetic biology; metabolic engineering; artemisinin ID FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; FIR ABIES-GRANDIS; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESSENTIAL OIL BIOSYNTHESIS; DOMAIN-SWAPPING STRATEGY; GAMMA-HUMULENE SYNTHASE; DELTA-SELINENE SYNTHASE; 1ST OXYGENATION STEP; ARTEMISIA-ANNUA L; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE AB Isoprenoid secondary metabolites are a rich source of commercial products that have not been fully explored. At present, there are isoprenoid products used in cancer therapy, the treatment of infectious diseases, and crop protection. All isoprenoids share universal prenyl diphosphate precursors synthesized via two distinct pathways. From these universal precursors, the biosynthetic pathways to specific isoprenoids diverge resulting in a staggering array of products. Taking advantage of this diversity has been the focus of much effort in metabolic engineering heterologous hosts. In addition, the engineering of the mevalonate pathway has increased levels of the universal precursors available for heterologous production. Finally, we will describe the efforts to produce to commercial terpenoids, paclitaxel and artemisinin. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, Phys Biosci Div, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 78 TC 112 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 5 BP 980 EP 990 DI 10.1007/s00253-006-0593-1 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 118UP UT WOS:000242968300002 PM 17115212 ER PT S AU Buttari, A Dongarra, J Kurzak, J Langou, J Luszczek, P Tomov, S AF Buttari, Alfredo Dongarra, Jack Kurzak, Jakub Langou, Julien Luszczek, Piotr Tomov, Stanimire BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI The impact of multicore on math software SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci AB Power consumption and heat dissipation issues are pushing the microprocessors industry towards multicore design patterns. Given the cubic dependence between core frequency and power consumption, multicore technologies leverage the idea that doubling the number of cores and halving the cores frequency gives roughly the same performance reducing the power consumption by a factor of four. With the number of cores on multicore chips expected to reach tens in a few years, efficient implementations of numerical libraries using shared memory programming models is of high interest. The current message passing paradigm used in ScaLAPACK and elsewhere introduces unnecessary memory overhead and memory copy operations, which degrade performance, along with the making it harder to schedule operations that could be done in parallel. Limiting the use of shared memory to fork-join parallelism (perhaps with OpenMP) or to its use within the BLAS does not address all these issues. C1 [Buttari, Alfredo; Kurzak, Jakub; Langou, Julien; Tomov, Stanimire] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Langou, Julien] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80217 USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU National Science Foundation and Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900001 ER PT S AU Demmel, JW Dongarra, J Parlett, B Kahan, W Gu, M Bindel, D Hida, Y Li, X Marques, O Riedy, EJ Voemell, C Langou, J Luszczek, P Kurzak, J Buttari, A Langou, J Tomov, S AF Demmel, James W. Dongarra, Jack Parlett, Beresford Kahan, William Gu, Ming Bindel, David Hida, Yozo Li, Xiaoye Marques, Osni Riedy, E. Jason Voemell, Christof Langou, Julien Luszczek, Piotr Kurzak, Jakub Buttari, Alfredo Langou, Julie Tomov, Stanimire BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI Prospectus for the next LAPACK and ScaLAPACK libraries SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci ID RECURSIVE BLOCKED ALGORITHMS; SOLVING TRIANGULAR SYSTEMS; AGGRESSIVE EARLY DEFLATION; MULTISHIFT QR ALGORITHM; MATRIX EQUATIONS; PART II; SYLVESTER; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; SOFTWARE AB New releases of the widely used LAPACK and ScaLAPACK numerical linear algebra libraries are planned. Based on an on-going user survey (www.netlib.org/lapack-dev) and research by many people, we are proposing the following improvements: Faster algorithms, including better numerical methods, memory hierarchy optimizations, parallelism, and automatic performance tuning to accommodate new architectures; More accurate algorithms, including better numerical methods, and use of extra precision; Expanded functionality, including updating and downdating, new eigenproblems, etc. and putting more of LAPACK into ScaLAPACK; Improved ease of use, e.g., via friendlier interfaces in multiple languages. To accomplish these goals we are also relying on better software engineering techniques and contributions from collaborators at many institutions. C1 [Demmel, James W.; Parlett, Beresford; Kahan, William; Gu, Ming; Bindel, David; Hida, Yozo; Li, Xiaoye; Marques, Osni; Riedy, E. Jason; Voemell, Christof] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dongarra, Jack; Langou, Julien; Luszczek, Piotr; Kurzak, Jakub; Buttari, Alfredo; Langou, Julie; Tomov, Stanimire] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge 37831, TN USA. RP Demmel, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM demmel@cs.berkeiey.edu RI Gu, Min/B-6627-2008; OI Riedy, Jason/0000-0002-4345-4200; Bindel, David/0000-0002-8733-5799 NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 11 EP + PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900002 ER PT S AU Kurzak, J Dongarra, J AF Kurzak, Jakub Dongarra, Jack BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI Implementing linear algebra routines on multi-core processors with pipelining and a look ahead SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci AB Linear algebra algorithms commonly encapsulate parallelism in Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS). This solution relies on the fork-join model of parallel execution, which may result in suboptimal performance on current and future generations of multi-core processors. To overcome the shortcomings of this approach a pipelined model of parallel execution is presented, and the idea of look ahead is utilized in order to suppress the negative effects of sequential formulation of the algorithms. Application to one-sided matrix factorizations, LU, Cholesky and QR, is described. Shared memory implementation using POSIX threads is presented. C1 [Kurzak, Jakub] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kurzak, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kurzak@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 147 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900018 ER PT S AU Marques, O AF Marques, Osni BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI Tools, frameworks and applications for high performance computing: Minisymposium abstract SO Applied Parallel Computing: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marques, O (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 239 EP 239 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900029 ER PT S AU Drummond, LA Galiano, V Migallon, V Penades, J AF Drummond, L. Anthony Galiano, Vicente Migallon, Violeta Penades, Jose BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI High-level user interfaces for the DOE ACTS collection SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci ID SOFTWARE AB The ACTS collection project comprises a set of state-of-the-art software tools to speed up the development of High-Performance Computing Applications in science and engineering. We look at the development of High Level user interfaces using scripting languages like Python, to facilitate the access to ACTS technology to a wide community of computational scientists. PyACTS is our main project here, but we also visit other efforts within the community of developers of ACTS tools. C1 [Drummond, L. Anthony] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. [Galiano, Vicente] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Fysica Arquitectura Computadores, ES-03071 Alicante, Spain. [Migallon, Violeta; Penades, Jose] Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencia Comp Inteligencia Artificial, ES-03071 Alicante, Spain. RP Drummond, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. EM LADrummond@lbl.gov; vgaliano@umh.es; violeta@dccia.ua.es; jpenades@dccia.ua.es RI Penades, Jose/E-3634-2015 OI Penades, Jose/0000-0001-9278-484X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [TIN2005-093070-C02-02]; Universidad de Alicante [VIGROB-020] FX This work was partially supported by the Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under grant number TIN2005-093070-C02-02, and by Universidad de Alicante under grant number VIGROB-020. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 251 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900031 ER PT S AU Bonfiglioli, A Carpentieri, B Sosonkina, M AF Bonfiglioli, Aldo Carpentieri, Bruno Sosonkina, Masha BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI EulFS: A parallel CFD code for the simulation of Euler and Navier-Stokes problems on unstructured grids SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci ID EQUATIONS; IMPLICIT; UPWIND AB We present results with a parallel CFD code that computes steady-state solutions of the Reynolds-Favre averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the simulation of the turbulent motion of compressible and incompressible Newtonian fluids. We describe solution techniques used for the discretization, algorithmic details of the implementation and report on preliminary experiments on 2D and 3D problems, for both internal and external flow configurations. C1 [Bonfiglioli, Aldo] Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Carpentieri, Bruno] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Math & Sci Comp, Graz, Austria. [Sosonkina, Masha] Iowa State Univ, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Bonfiglioli, A (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. EM ba001ing@unibas.it; bruno.carpentieri@uni-graz.at; masha@scl.ameslab.gov OI Bonfiglioli, Aldo/0000-0002-1192-7907 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 676 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900083 ER PT S AU Sala, M Spotz, WF Heroux, MA AF Sala, Marzio Spotz, William F. Heroux, Michael A. BE Kagstrom, B Elmroth, E Dongarra, J Wasniewski, J TI PYTRILINOS: High-performance distributed-memory solvers for Python SO APPLIED PARALLEL COMPUTING: STATE OF THE ART IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Applied Parallel Computing (PARA 2006) CY JUN 18-21, 2006 CL Umea, SWEDEN SP High Comp Sci Ctr N, Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci AB PYTRILINOS is a collection of Python modules targeting serial and parallel sparse linear algebra, direct and iterative linear solution techniques, domain decomposition and multilevel preconditioners, non-linear solvers and continuation algorithms. Also included are a variety of related utility functions and classes, including distributed I/O, coloring algorithms and matrix generation. PYTRILINOS vector objects are integrated with the popular NumPy module, gathering together a variety of high-level distributed computing operations with serial vector operations. PYTRILINOS uses a hybrid development approach, with a front-end in Python, and a back-end, computational engine in compiled libraries. As such, PYTRILINOS makes it easy to take advantage of both the flexibility and ease of use of Python, and the efficiency of the underlying C++, C and FORTRAN numerical kernels. The presented numerical results show that, for many important problem classes, the overhead required by the Python interpreter is negligible. C1 ETH, Dept Comp Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Spotz, William F.; Heroux, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sala, M (reprint author), ETH, Dept Comp Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM marzio@inf.ethz.ch OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX ASCI program and the DOE Office of Science MICS program at Sandia National Laboratory. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-75754-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4699 BP 966 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGW16 UT WOS:000250904900114 ER PT J AU Antony, J Qiang, Y Faheem, M Meyer, D McCready, DE Engelhard, MH AF Antony, Jiji Qiang, You Faheem, Muhammad Meyer, Daniel McCready, David E. Engelhard, Mark H. TI Ferromagnetic semiconductor nanoclusters: Co-doped Cu2O SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUPROUS-OXIDE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB 5% Co-doped cuprous oxide dilute magnetic semiconducting cluster film composed of two different sizes of crystalline nanoclusters, prepared using sputtering-aggregation technique is found to be ferromagnetic at 400 K. With the increase in average crystallite size from 4.2 to 8 nm, the coercivity increased. Magnetic field up to 2 T is applied and saturation magnetization is achieved at 3 kOe field in both cases. Cu2O phase is observed from cluster film deposited on Si wafer when analyzed using x-ray diffraction. Co in Cu2O host reveals a +2 oxidation state via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Positive magnetoresistance from samples exhibits a temperature dependent decrease. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Antony, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM youqiang@uidaho.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 013106 DI 10.1063/1.2429018 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900083 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Crone, BK AF Campbell, I. H. Crone, B. K. TI Efficient plastic scintillators utilizing phosphorescent dopants SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; POLY(VINYL TOLUENE); EXCITATION; COMPLEXES; GREEN AB The authors demonstrate improved light yield from plastic scintillators utilizing a phosphorescent dopant to collect both singlet and triplet excitations created by ionizing radiation. They specifically considered poly(vinyltoluene) and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) doped with an Ir phosphor. They present the spectral, temporal, and integrated yield responses as a function of dopant concentration to pulses of 10 keV electrons. Both doped plastics yield a maximum light output of similar to 200% of anthracene with decay times < 850 ns. High light yield was obtained for Ir element fractions up to similar to 10 wt %, implying that these scintillators may be useful for gamma detection. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM campbell@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012117 DI 10.1063/1.2430683 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900053 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Long, GG Ilavsky, J Gerhardt, RA Ou, R Parker, CA AF Levine, L. E. Long, G. G. Ilavsky, J. Gerhardt, R. A. Ou, R. Parker, C. A. TI Self-assembly of carbon black into nanowires that form a conductive three dimensional micronetwork SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; DEPENDENCE AB The authors have used mechanical self-assembly of carbon-black nanoparticles to fabricate a three dimensional, electrically connected micronetwork of nanowires embedded within an insulating, supporting matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate). The electrical connectivity, mean wire diameter, and morphological transitions were characterized as a function of the carbon-black mass fraction. Conductive wires were produced with mean diameters as low as 24 nm with lengths up to 100 mu m. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012; OI Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 014101 DI 10.1063/1.2425011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900110 ER PT J AU Qi, Y Ma, X Jiang, P Ji, SH Fu, YS Jia, JF Xue, QK Zhang, SB AF Qi, Yun Ma, Xucun Jiang, Peng Ji, Shuaihua Fu, Yingshuang Jia, Jin-Feng Xue, Qi-Kun Zhang, S. B. TI Atomic-layer-resolved local work functions of Pb thin films and their dependence on quantum well states SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; METAL-FILMS; SURFACES AB The thickness dependence of the local work function (LWF) and its relationship with the quantum well states (QWSs) are studied. The measured LWF shows an oscillatory behavior between adjacent layers with a period of 2 ML and, in addition, an envelope beating pattern with a period of 9 ML. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy investigations reveal that the oscillatory LWF correlates perfectly with the formation of the QWSs: the higher the occupied QWS is, the smaller the LWF is. Through the role of the LWF, this study establishes the importance of quantum size effects in thin films for surface reactions and catalysis. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Qi, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM jjf@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Qi, Yun/C-4124-2011; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Fu, Ying-Shuang/H-7973-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Ji, Shuaihua/F-1743-2014 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; NR 27 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 013109 DI 10.1063/1.2403926 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900086 ER PT J AU Egging, D van den Berkmortel, F Taylor, G Bristow, J Schalkwijk, J AF Egging, David van den Berkmortel, Franka Taylor, Glen Bristow, Jim Schalkwijk, Joost TI Interactions of human tenascin-X domains with dermal extracellular matrix molecules SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tenascin-X; collagen; elastin; fibrillogenesis; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ID EHLERS-DANLOS-SYNDROME; COLLAGEN FIBRIL FORMATION; CALCIUM-BINDING; DEFICIENCY; DEPOSITION; INSIGHTS; MICE; FORM AB Tenascin-X (TNX) is a large 450 kDa extracellular matrix protein expressed in a variety of tissues including skin, joints and blood vessels. Deficiency of TNX causes a recessive form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by joint hypermobility, skin fragility and hyperextensible skin. Skin of TNX deficient patients shows abnormal elastic fibers and reduced collagen deposition. The mechanism by which TNX deficiency leads to connective tissue alterations is unknown. Here we report that C-terminal domains of human TNX bind to major dermal fibrillar collagens and tropoelastin. We have mapped these interactions to the fibronectin type III repeat 29 (FNIII29) and the C-terminal fibrinogen domain (FbgX) of TNX. In addition we found that FNIII29 of TNX accelerates collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. We hypothesize that TNX contributes to matrix stability and is possibly involved in collagen fibril formation. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Egging, D (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM d.egging@derma.umcn.nl RI Schalkwijk, Joost/N-1774-2013 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-3696 J9 ARCH DERMATOL RES JI Arch. Dermatol. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 298 IS 8 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s00403-006-0706-9 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 113ND UT WOS:000242603700004 PM 17033827 ER PT B AU Engelmann, C Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C He, X AF Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. Leangsuksun, C. He, X. BE Werner, B TI On programming models for service-level high availability SO ARES 2007: SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP DEXA, ENISA, Tech Univ Wien, SECURE Business Austria, Austrian Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE AB This paper provides an overview of existing programming models for service-level high availability and investigates their differences, similarities, advantages, and disadvantages. Its goal is to help to improve reuse of code and to allow adaptation to quality of service requirements by using a uniform programming model description. It further aims at encouraging a discussion about these programming models and their provided quality of service, such as availability, performance, serviceability, usability, and applicability. Within this context, the presented research focuses on providing high availability for services running on head and service nodes of high-performance computing systems. C1 [Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Leangsuksun, C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ruston, LA USA. [He, X.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Engelmann, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM engelmannc@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov; box@latech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; UT-Battelle; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25659]; ORNL FX This research was sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. The work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. It was also performed at Louisiana Tech University under U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER25659. The work at Tennessee Tech University was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2775-8 PY 2007 BP 999 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGF68 UT WOS:000246485700122 ER PT S AU Katipamula, S Brambley, M AF Katipamula, Srinivas Brambley, Michael GP ASHRAE TI Automated proactive fault isolation: A key to automated commissioning SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2007 VOL 113, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers ID AIR-HANDLING UNITS; DIAGNOSIS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Inadequate initial commissioning, the inability of the building operators to adequately monitor all building equipment and systems, and lack of proper maintenance or retro-commissioning lead to inefficient operations and reduced lifetimes of the heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC), and other energy-using equipment in buildings. Regularly scheduled manual maintenance and re-commissioning can help address these problems but can be labor intensive and perceived as expensive. Automated proactive commissioning and diagnostic technologies could help address two of the main barriers to commissioning and good maintenance-labor requirements and the costs associated with them. Automated proactive commissioning and diagnostic tools could reduce both the cost and time associated with commissioning, as well as enhance the persistence of commissioning fixes. Automation even offers the potential to go well beyond just monitoring and detecting faults to automatically correcting problems by compensating for sensor problems, reconfiguring controls, or changing control algorithms dynamically. In this paper we present a generic model for automated continuous commissioning and then delve in detail into one Of the processes, proactive testing for fault isolation, which is key to automating commissioning. The automated commissioning process uses passive observation-based fault detection and diagnostic techniques, followed by automated proactive testing for fault isolation, automated fault evaluation, and automated reconfiguration of controls to continuously keep equipment controlled and running as intended. Only when hard failures occur or a physical replacement is required does the process require human intervention, and then sufficient information is provided by the automated commissioning system to target manual maintenance where it is needed. We then focus on fault isolation by presenting detailed logic that can be used to automatically isolate faults in valves, a common component in HVAC systems, as an example of how automated proactive fault isolation can be accomplished. Although automated passive fault detection and diagnostics have been tested in the field on actual equipment, the proactive process described in this paper has only been tested against simulations and has not yet been field tested. We conclude the paper with a discussion of how this approach to isolating faults can be applied to other common HVAC components and their automated commissioning, followed by a summary of key conclusions of the paper. C1 [Katipamula, Srinivas; Brambley, Michael] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Katipamula, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2007 VL 113 BP 40 EP 51 PN 2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHH71 UT WOS:000253310400004 ER PT S AU Lucas, R Fairey, P Garcia, R Lubliner, M AF Lucas, Robert Fairey, Philip Garcia, Robert Lubliner, Michael GP ASHRAE TI National energy savings potential in HUD-Code housing from thermal envelope and HVAC equipment improvements SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2007 VOL 113, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB More than 200, 000 homes are factory built in the United States each year to the federally preemptive Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards, mandated by the US. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD-code). This paper analyzes national energy use and savings potential from improvements to thermal distribution system efficiency, thermal envelopes, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment over what is currently required by HUD-code. Estimated energy savings over current HUD-code are provided for four cases: National Fire Protection Association Standard 501-2005 (NFPA 2005), the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2006) the US. Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR (R) manufactured housing guidelines (EPA 2004), and Best Practice, based on the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Industrialized Housing Partnership program home built in the Pacific Northwest (BAIHP 2005; NEEM 2004). Savings estimates are also provided from improved HVAC system efficiencies such as using ENERGY STAR heat pumps in lieu of electric furnaces and ENERGY STAR air conditioners. Energy use and associated savings are provided in terms of both energy cost and source energy. C1 [Lucas, Robert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lucas, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2007 VL 113 BP 62 EP 69 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHH71 UT WOS:000253310400006 ER PT S AU Jalalzadeh-Azar, AA AF Jalalzadeh-Azar, Ali A. GP ASHRAE TI Experimental evaluation of a downsized residential air distribution system: Comfort and ventilation effectiveness SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2007 VOL 113, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB New challenges surrounding air-distribution effectiveness have emerged from downsizing of the HVAC systems in energy-efficient residential buildings. As a result of downsizing, the system design flow rates are significantly reduced-potentially leading to poor air mixing and undesirable spatial temperature patterns and, consequently, adversely affecting the comfort level and ventilation effectiveness. Unless these challenges are successfully met, the system downsizing trend, as well as the efforts to implement related energy-saving measures, will be undermined. This paper examines the performance of a prevalent air-distribution configuration incorporating a high sidewall supply air diffuser and a near-floor wall-mounted return air grille in a test room during a period of recovery from setback. To address the aforementioned issues of interest, tracer-gas tests were conducted along with spatial temperature measurements in the room. In the experiments, two levels of supply airflow rate were considered, low and high, of which the latter is comparable to the design range commonly applied in standard-practice residential buildings. The results indicated that, at the lower flow rate and velocity, both ventilation effectiveness and comfort were compromised because of stratification. The constraints with the trace-gas instrumentation led to inconclusive results with respect to air mixing and ventilation effectiveness. To overcome this limitation, a frame of reference was introduced for a more accurate assessment of the experimental system performance. The analytical solutions for an ideal case in which the indoor air was perfectly mixed at any given instant provided the reference points for comparison. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Jalalzadeh-Azar, AA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2007 VL 113 BP 313 EP 322 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHH71 UT WOS:000253310400033 ER PT B AU Kantor, J Axelrod, T Becla, J Cook, K Nikolaev, S Gray, J Plante, R Nieto-Santisteban, M Szalay, A Thakar, A AF Kantor, Jeffrey Axelrod, Tim Becla, Jacek Cook, Kem Nikolaev, Sergei Gray, Jim Plante, Ray Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Szalay, Alex Thakar, Ani BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Designing for peta-scale in the LSST database SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a proposed ground-based 8.4 m telescope with a 10 deg(2) field of view, will generate 15 TB of raw images every observing night. When calibration and processed data are added, he image archive, catalogs, and meta-data will grow 15 PB yr(-1) on average. The LSST Data Management System (DMS) must capture, process, store, index, replicate, and provide open access to this data. Alerts must be triggered within 30 s of data acquisition. To do this in real-time at these data volumes will require advances in data management, database, and file system techniques. This paper describes the design of the LSST DMS and emphasizes features for peta-scale data. The LSST DMS will employ a combination of distributed database and file systems, with schema, partitioning, and indexing oriented for parallel operations. Image files are stored in a distributed file system with references to, and meta-data from, each file stored in the databases. The schema design supports pipeline processing, rapid ingest, and efficient query. Vertical partitioning reduces disk input/output requirements, horizontal partitioning allows parallel data access using arrays of servers and disks. Indexing is extensive, utilizing both conventional RAM-resident indexes and column-narrow, row-deep tag tables/covering indices that are extracted from tables that contain many more attributes. The DMS Data Access Framework is encapsulated in a middleware framework to provide a uniform service interface to all framework capabilities. This framework will provide the automated work-flow, replication, and data analysis capabilities necessary to make data processing and data quality analysis feasible at this scale. C1 [Kantor, Jeffrey] LSST Corp, Tucson, AZ USA. [Axelrod, Tim] Univ Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Becla, Jacek] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cook, Kem; Nikolaev, Sergei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Gray, Jim] Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA USA. [Plante, Ray] Univ Illinois, Natl Cent SuperComp Appl, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Nieto-Santisteban, Maria; Szalay, Alex; Thakar, Ani] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kantor, J (reprint author), LSST Corp, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 3 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600001 ER PT B AU Neilsen, EH Stoughton, C AF Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Stoughton, Chris BE Shaw, RA Hill, F Bell, DJ TI Running the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data archive server SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVI SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Tucson, AZ AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Archive Server (DAS) provides public access to over 12 Tb of data in 17 million files produced by the SDSS data reduction pipeline. Many tasks that seem trivial when serving smaller, less complex data sets present challenges when serving data of this volume and technical complexity. The included output files should be chosen to support as much science as possible from publicly released data, and only publicly released data. Users must have the resources needed to read and interpret the data correctly. Server administrators must generate new data releases at regular intervals, monitor usage, quickly recover from hardware failures, and monitor the data served by the DAS both for content and corruption. We discuss these challenges, describe tools we use to administer and support the DAS, and discuss future development plans. C1 [Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Stoughton, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neilsen, EH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-313-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 376 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BGW99 UT WOS:000251043600008 ER PT J AU Inada, N Oguri, M Becker, RH White, RL Kayo, I Kochanek, CS Hall, PB Schneider, DP York, DG Richards, GT AF Inada, Naohisa Oguri, Masamune Becker, Robert H. White, Richard L. Kayo, Issha Kochanek, Christopher S. Hall, Patrick B. Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald G. Richards, Gordon T. TI Two new gravitationally lensed double quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS J074653.03+440351.3, SDSS J140624.82+612640.9) ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; STANDARD STARS; GALAXY SAMPLE; STATISTICS; SYSTEM; SDSS-J1004+4112; SPECTROGRAPH; SEPARATIONS; TELESCOPE AB We report the discoveries of the two-image gravitationally lensed quasars SDSS J074653.03+440351.3 and SDSS J140624.82+612640.9, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). SDSS J0746+4403, which will be included in our lens sample for statistics and cosmology, has a source redshift of z(s) 2: 00, an estimated lens redshift of z(l) similar to 0.3, and an image separation of 1.08". SDSS J1406+6126 has a source redshift of z(s) = 2.13, a spectroscopically measured lens redshift of z(l) 0: 27, and an image separation of 1.98". We find that the two quasar images of SDSS J1406+6126 have different intervening Mg II absorption strengths, which are suggestive of large variations of absorbers on kiloparsec scales. The positions and fluxes of both lensed quasar systems are easily reproduced by simple mass models with reasonable parameter values. These objects bring to 18 the number of lensed quasars that have been discovered from the SDSS data. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo, Japan. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Inada, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo, Japan. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; Kayo, Issha/A-4389-2011; White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 1 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1086/509702 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121BF UT WOS:000243132000020 ER PT J AU Cusumano, G Mangano, V Chincarini, G Panaitescu, A Burrows, DN La Parola, V Sakamoto, T Campana, S Mineo, T Tagliaferri, G Angelini, L Barthelmy, SD Beardmore, AP Boyd, PT Cominsky, LR Gronwall, C Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Giommi, P Goad, M Hurley, K Immler, S Kennea, JA Mason, KO Marshal, F Meszaros, P Nousek, JA Osborne, JP Palmer, DM Roming, PWA Wells, A White, NE Zhang, B AF Cusumano, G. Mangano, V. Chincarini, G. Panaitescu, A. Burrows, D. N. La Parola, V. Sakamoto, T. Campana, S. Mineo, T. Tagliaferri, G. Angelini, L. Barthelmy, S. D. Beardmore, A. P. Boyd, P. T. Cominsky, L. R. Gronwall, C. Fenimore, E. E. Gehrels, N. Giommi, P. Goad, M. Hurley, K. Immler, S. Kennea, J. A. Mason, K. O. Marshal, F. Meszaros, P. Nousek, J. A. Osborne, J. P. Palmer, D. M. Roming, P. W. A. Wells, A. White, N. E. Zhang, B. TI Swift observations of GRB050904: the most distant cosmic explosion ever observed SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations; cosmology : early Universe ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION; ENGINE ACTIVITY; STAR-FORMATION; LIGHT-CURVE; AFTERGLOW; GRB-050904; TELESCOPE; EMISSION AB Context. Swift discovered the high redshift (z = 6.29) GRB050904 with the Burst Alert Telescope ( BAT) and began observing with its narrow field instruments 161 s after the burst onset. This gamma-ray burst is the most distant cosmic explosion ever observed. Because of its high redshift, the X-ray Telescope (XRT) and BAT simultaneous observations provide 4 orders of magnitude of spectral coverage (0.2-150 keV; 1.4-1090 keV in the source rest frame) at a very early source-frame time (22 s). The X-ray emission was monitored by the XRT up to 10 days after the burst. Aims. We present the analysis of BAT and XRT observations of GRB050904 and a complete description of its high energy phenomenology. Methods. We performed time resolved spectral analysis and light curve modeling. Results. GRB050904 was a long, multi-peaked, bright GRB with strong variability during its entire evolution. The light curve observed by the XRT is characterized by the presence of a long flaring activity lasting up to 1-2 h after the burst onset in the burst rest frame, with no evidence of a smooth power-law decay following the prompt emission as seen in other GRBs. However, the BAT tail extrapolated to the XRT band joins the XRT early light curve and the overall behavior resembles that of a very long GRB prompt. The spectral energy distribution softens with time, with the photon index decreasing from -1.2 during the BAT observation to -1.9 at the end of the XRT observation. The dips of the late X-ray flares may be consistent with an underlying X-ray emission arising from the forward shock and with the properties of the optical afterglow reported by Tagliaferri et al. (2005b, A& A, 443, L1). Conclusions. We interpret the BAT and XRT data as a single continuous observation of the prompt emission from a very long GRB. The peculiarities observed in GRB050904 could be due to its origin within one of the first star-forming regions in the Universe; very low metallicities of the progenitor at these epochs may provide an explanation. C1 IASFPA, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cusumano, G (reprint author), IASFPA, INAF, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. EM giancarlo.cusumano@ifc.inaf.it RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; Mineo, Teresa/0000-0002-4931-8445; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 462 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065173 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126KW UT WOS:000243512800013 ER PT J AU Jahn, D Rauch, T Reiff, E Werner, K Kruk, JW Herwig, F AF Jahn, D. Rauch, T. Reiff, E. Werner, K. Kruk, J. W. Herwig, F. TI High-resolution ultraviolet spectroscopy of PG1159-035 with HST and FUSE SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; stars : individual : PG1159-035; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID RICH CENTRAL STARS; PG 1159 STARS; WHITE-DWARFS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; IRON ABUNDANCE; AGB STARS; GW VIR; HOT; HYDROGEN; PULSATIONS AB Context. PG1159-035 is the prototype of the PG1159 spectral class which consists of extremely hot hydrogen-deficient (pre-) white dwarfs. It is also the prototype of the GW Vir variables, which are non-radial g-mode pulsators. The study of PG1159 stars reveals insight into stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis during AGB and post-AGB phases. Aims. We perform a quantitative spectral analysis of PG1159-035 focusing on the abundance determination of trace elements. Methods. We have taken high-resolution ultraviolet spectra of PG1159-035 with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. They are analysed with non-LTE line blanketed model atmospheres. Results. We confirm the high effective temperature with high precision (T-eff = 140 000 +/- 5000 K) and the surface gravity of log g = 7. For the first time we assess the abundances of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. Silicon is about solar. For phosphorus we find an upper limit of solar abundance. A surprisingly strong depletion of sulfur (2% solar) is discovered. Iron is not detected, suggesting an upper limit of 30% solar. This coincides with the Fe deficiency found in other PG1159 stars. We redetermine the nitrogen abundance and find it to be lower by one dex compared to previous analyses. Conclusions. The sulfur depletion is in contradiction with current models of AGB star intershell nucleosynthesis. The iron deficiency confirms similar results for other PG1159 stars and is explained by the conversion of iron into heavier elements by n-capture in the s-processing environment of the precursor AGB star. However, the extent of the iron depletion is stronger than predicted by evolutionary models. The relatively low nitrogen abundance compared to other pulsating PG1159 stars weakens the role of nitrogen as a distinctive feature of pulsators and non-pulsators in the GW Vir instability strip. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jahn, D (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM werner@astro.uni-tuebingen.de RI Kruk, Jeffrey/G-4047-2012 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 462 IS 1 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065901 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126KW UT WOS:000243512800033 ER PT J AU Stratta, G Basa, S Butler, N Atteia, JL Gendre, B Pelangeon, A Malacrino, F Mellier, Y Kann, DA Klose, S Zeh, A Masetti, N Palazzi, E Gorosabel, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Postigo, ADU Jelinek, M Cepa, J Castaneda, H Martinez-Delgado, D Boer, M Braga, J Crew, G Donaghy, TQ Dezalay, JP Doty, J Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Graziani, C Jernigan, JG Kawai, N Lamb, DQ Levine, A Manchanda, RK Martel, F Matsuoka, M Nakagawa, Y Olive, JF Pizzichini, G Prigozhin, G Ricker, G Sakamoto, T Shirasaki, Y Sugita, S Suzuki, M Takagishi, K Tamagawa, T Vanderspek, R Villasenor, J Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Yoshida, A AF Stratta, G. Basa, S. Butler, N. Atteia, J. L. Gendre, B. Pelangeon, A. Malacrino, F. Mellier, Y. Kann, D. A. Klose, S. Zeh, A. Masetti, N. Palazzi, E. Gorosabel, J. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Postigo, A. de Ugarte Jelinek, M. Cepa, J. Castaneda, H. Martinez-Delgado, D. Boer, M. Braga, J. Crew, G. Donaghy, T. Q. Dezalay, J. -P. Doty, J. Fenimore, E. E. Galassi, M. Graziani, C. Jernigan, J. G. Kawai, N. Lamb, D. Q. Levine, A. Manchanda, R. K. Martel, F. Matsuoka, M. Nakagawa, Y. Olive, J. -F. Pizzichini, G. Prigozhin, G. Ricker, G. Sakamoto, T. Shirasaki, Y. Sugita, S. Suzuki, M. Takagishi, K. Tamagawa, T. Vanderspek, R. Villasenor, J. Woosley, S. E. Yamauchi, M. Yoshida, A. TI X-ray flashes or soft gamma-ray bursts? The case of the likely distant XRF 040912 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID HOST GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION; SUPERNOVA; REDSHIFT; DUST; XRF-020903; AFTERGLOW; SPECTRA; STELLAR; 2006AJ AB Context. The origin of X-ray Flashes (XRFs) is still a mystery and several models have been proposed. To disentangle among these models, an important observational tool is the measure of the XRF distance scale, so far available only for a few of them. Aims. In this work, we present a multi-wavelength study of XRF 040912, aimed at measuring its distance scale and the intrinsic burst properties. Methods. We performed a detailed spectral and temporal analysis of both the prompt and the afterglow emission and we estimated the distance scale of the likely host galaxy. We then used the currently available sample of XRFs with known distance to discuss the connection between XRFs and classical Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Results. We found that the prompt emission properties unambiguously identify this burst as an XRF, with an observed peak energy of E(p) = 17 +/- 13 keV and a burst fluence ratio S(2-30 keV)/S(30-400) keV > 1. A non-fading optical source with R similar to 24 mag and with an apparently extended morphology is spatially consistent with the X-ray afterglow, likely the host galaxy. XRF 040912 is a very dark burst since no afterglow optical counterpart is detected down to R > 25 mag (3 sigma limiting magnitude) at 13.6 h after the burst. The host galaxy spectrum detected from 3800 angstrom to 10 000 angstrom, shows a single emission line at 9552 angstrom. The lack of any other strong emission lines blue-ward of the detected one and the absence of the Ly alpha cut-off down to 3800 angstrom are consistent with the hypothesis of the [OII] line at redshift z = 1.563 +/- 0.001. The intrinsic spectral properties rank this XRF among the soft GRBs in the E(peak)-E(iso) diagram. Similar results were obtained for most XRFs at known redshift. Only XRF 060218 and XRF 020903 represent a good example of instrinsic XRF (i-XRF) and are possibly associated with a different progenitor population. This scenario may call for a new definition of XRFs. C1 Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Astrophys Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13012 Marseille, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IASF Roma, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. IASF Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. CSIC, IAA, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RIKEN, Tokyo 3510198, Japan. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Stratta, G (reprint author), Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Astrophys Toulouse, 14 Av E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM gstratta@ast.obs-mip.fr RI gendre, bruce/O-2923-2013; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; Jelinek, Martin/E-5290-2016; Stratta, Maria Giuliana/L-3045-2016; OI Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; gendre, bruce/0000-0002-9077-2025; de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio/0000-0001-7717-5085; Jelinek, Martin/0000-0003-3922-7416; Stratta, Maria Giuliana/0000-0003-1055-7980; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666 NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 2 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065831 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 119HZ UT WOS:000243004700012 ER PT J AU Venemans, BP Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK van Breugel, WJM De Breuck, C Kurk, JD Pentericci, L Stanford, SA Overzier, RA Croft, S Ford, H AF Venemans, B. P. Rottgering, H. J. A. Miley, G. K. van Breugel, W. J. M. De Breuck, C. Kurk, J. D. Pentericci, L. Stanford, S. A. Overzier, R. A. Croft, S. Ford, H. TI Protoclusters associated with z > 2 radio galaxies I. Characteristics of high redshift protoclusters SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : observations; cosmology : early Universe; cosmology : large scale structure of Universe ID LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER; MOLONGLO REFERENCE CATALOG; CLUSTER ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SUBARU DEEP SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PROTO-CLUSTER AB We present the results of a large program conducted with the Very Large Telescope and augmented by observations with the Keck telescope to search for forming clusters of galaxies near powerful radio galaxies at 2.0 < z < 5.2. Besides MRC 1138-262 at z = 2.16, the radio galaxy observed in our pilot program, we obtained narrow- and broad-band images of eight radio galaxies and their surroundings. The imaging was used to select candidate Ly alpha emitting galaxies in similar to 3 x 3Mpc(2) areas near the radio galaxies. A total of 300 candidate emitters were found with a rest-frame Ly alpha equivalent width of EW0 > 15 angstrom and significance Sigma= EW0/Delta EW0 > 3. Follow-up spectroscopy was performed on 152 candidates in seven of the radio galaxy fields. Of these, 139 were confirmed to be Lya emitters, four were low redshift interlopers and nine were non-detections. With the adopted criteria the success rate is 139/152 = 91%. In addition, 14 objects with EW0 < 15 and/ or Sigma < 3 were confirmed to be Lya emitters. Combined with the 15 Lya emitters near MRC 1138-262, we have determined Lya redshifts for 168 objects near eight radio galaxies. At least six of our eight fields are overdense in Ly alpha emitters by a factor 3-5 as compared to the field density of Lya emitters at similar redshifts, although the statistics in our highest redshift field (z = 5.2) are poor. Also, the emitters show significant clustering in velocity space. In the overdense fields, the width of the velocity distributions of the emitters is a factor 2-5 smaller than the width of the narrow- band filters. Taken together, we conclude that we have discovered six forming clusters of galaxies (protoclusters). We estimate that roughly 75% of powerful (L-2.7 GHz > 10(33) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) sr(-1)) high redshift radio galaxies reside in a protocluster. The protoclusters have sizes of at least 1.75 Mpc, which is consistent with the structure sizes found by other groups. By using the volume occupied by the overdensities and assuming a bias parameter of b = 3- 6, we estimate that the protoclusters have masses in the range 2-9 x 10(14) M-circle dot. These protoclusters are likely to be progenitors of present-day (massive) clusters of galaxies. For the first time, we have been able to estimate the velocity dispersion of cluster progenitors from z similar to 5 to similar to 2. The velocity dispersion of the emitters increases with cosmic time, in agreement with the dark matter velocity dispersion in numerical simulations of forming massive clusters. C1 Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Venemans, BP (reprint author), Sterrewacht Leiden, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM venemans@ast.cam.ac.uk OI De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315; Croft, Steve/0000-0003-4823-129X NR 138 TC 190 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 3 BP 823 EP 845 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20053941 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126VI UT WOS:000243543200003 ER PT J AU Huff, E Schulz, AE White, M Schlegel, DJ Warren, MS AF Huff, Eric Schulz, A. E. White, Martin Schlegel, David J. Warren, Michael S. TI Simulations of baryon oscillations SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEYS; COLD DARK-MATTER; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER SPECTRUM; HALO MODEL; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; CMB ANISOTROPIES; ANALYTIC MODEL; ENERGY AB The coupling of photons and baryons by Thomson scattering in the early universe imprints features in both the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and matter power spectra. The former have been used to constrain a host of cosmological parameters, the latter have the potential to strongly constrain the expansion history of the universe and dark energy. Key to this program is the means to localize the primordial features in observations of galaxy spectra which necessarily involve galaxy bias, non-linear evolution and redshift space distortions. We present calculations, based on mock catalogs produced from high-resolution N-body simulations, which show the range of behaviors we might expect of galaxies in the real universe. We investigate physically motivated fitting forms which include the effects of non-linearity, galaxy bias and redshift space distortions and discuss methods for analysis of upcoming data. In agreement with earlier work, we find that a survey of several Gpc(3) would constrain the sound horizon at z similar to 1 to about 1%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP White, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehuff@astro.berkeley.edu; aschulz@astro.berkeley.edu; mwhite@berkeley.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov; msw@lanl.gov RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904 NR 74 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.07.007 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 128QA UT WOS:000243671800001 ER PT J AU O'Shea, BW Norman, ML AF O'Shea, Brian W. Norman, Michael L. TI Population III star formation in a Delta CDM universe. I. The effect of formation redshift and environment on protostellar accretion rate SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : high-redshift; hydrodynamics; stars : formation ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; PIECEWISE PARABOLIC METHOD; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; PRIMORDIAL GAS CLOUDS; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; 1ST STARS; COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION AB We perform 12 extremely high resolution adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulations of Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, varying the box size and large-scale structure, to understand systematic effects in the formation of primordial protostellar cores. We find results that are qualitatively similar to those of previous groups. We observe that in the absence of a photodissociating ultraviolet background, the threshold halo mass for formation of a Population III protostar does not evolve significantly with time in the redshift range studied (33> z > 19) but exhibits substantial scatter (1.5< M(vir)/ 10(5) M(.) < 7) due to different halo assembly histories: halos that assembled more slowly develop cooling cores at lower mass than those that assemble more rapidly, in agreement with previous work. We do, however, observe significant evolution in the accretion rates of Population III protostars with redshift, with objects that form later having higher maximum accretion rates ((m) over dot similar or equal to 10(-4) M(.) yr(-1) at z = 33 and similar or equal to 10(-2) M(.) yr(-1) at z = 20). This can be explained by considering the evolving virial properties of the halos with redshift and the physics of molecular hydrogen formation at low densities. Our result implies that the inferred mass distribution of Population III stars is broader than previously thought and may evolve with redshift. Finally, we observe that our collapsing protostellar cloud cores do not fragment, consistent with previous results, which suggests that Population III stars that form in halos of mass 10(5)-10(6) M(.) always form in isolation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP O'Shea, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM bwoshea@lanl.gov; mnorman@cosmos.ucsd.edu NR 71 TC 199 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 66 EP 92 DI 10.1086/509250 PN 1 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800005 ER PT J AU White, RL Helfand, DJ Becker, RH Glikman, E de Vries, W AF White, Richard L. Helfand, David J. Becker, Robert H. Glikman, Eilat de Vries, Wim TI Signals from the noise: Image stacking for quasars in the first survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; radio continuum : general; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; 3RD DATA RELEASE; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; RADIO PROPERTIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY CLUSTERS AB We present a technique to explore the radio sky into the nanojansky regime by employing image stacking using the FIRST survey. We first discuss the nonintuitive relationship between the mean and median values of a non-Gaussian distribution that is dominated by noise, followed by an analysis of the systematic effects present in FIRST's 20 cm VLA snapshot images. Image stacking allows us to recover the properties of source populations with flux densities a factor of 30 or more below the rms noise level. Mean estimates of radio flux density, luminosity, etc. are derivable for any source class having arcsecond positional accuracy. We use this technique to compute the mean radio properties for 41,295 quasars from the SDSS DR3 catalog. There is a tight correlation between optical and radio luminosity, with the radio luminosity increasing as the 0.85 power of optical luminosity. This implies declining radio loudness with optical luminosity: the most luminous objects ( M-UV = - 28.5) have average radio-to-optical ratios 3 times lower than the least luminous objects (M-UV = - 20). There is also a striking correlation between optical color and radio loudness: quasars that are either redder or bluer than the norm are brighter radio sources, with objects 0.8 mag redder than the SDSS composite spectrum having radio loudness ratios that are higher by a factor of 10. We explore the long-standing question of whether a radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy exists in quasars, finding that optical selection effects probably dominate the distribution function of radio loudness, which has at most a modest ( similar to 20%) inflection between the radio-loud and radio-quiet ends of the distribution. We also find, surprisingly, that broad absorption line quasars have higher mean radio flux densities, with the greatest disparity arising in the rare low-ionization BAL subclass. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP White, RL (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 54 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1086/507700 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800007 ER PT J AU Coil, AL Hennawi, JF Newman, JA Cooper, MC Davis, M AF Coil, Alison L. Hennawi, Joseph F. Newman, Jeffrey A. Cooper, Michael C. Davis, Marc TI The DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey: Clustering of quasars and galaxies at z=1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; large-scale structure of universe; quasars : general ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DATA RELEASE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; STELLAR OBJECTS; BLACK-HOLES; EVOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTS; DEPENDENCE AB We present the clustering of Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) galaxies at 0.7 < z < 1.4 around quasars identified using both the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and DEEP2 surveys. We measure the two-point cross-correlation of a sample of 36 optically selected, spectroscopically identified quasars from the SDSS and 16 more found in the DEEP2 survey with the full DEEP2 galaxy sample over scales 0.1 h(-1) Mpc < r(p) < 10 h(-1) Mpc. The clustering amplitude is found to be similar to the autocorrelation function of DEEP2 galaxies, with a relative bias of b = 0.89 +/- 0.24 between quasars and DEEP2 galaxies at z similar to 1. No significant dependence is found on scale, quasar luminosity, or redshift over the ranges we probe here. The clustering amplitude errors are comparable to those from significantly larger quasar samples, such as the 2dF ( Two Degree Field) QSO Redshift Survey. This results from the statistical power of cross-correlation techniques, which exploit the fact that galaxies are much more numerous than quasars. We also measure the local environments of quasars using the third-nearest-neighbor surface density of surrounding DEEP2 galaxies. Quasars are found in regions of similar mean overdensity to blue DEEP2 galaxies; they differ in environment from the red DEEP2 galaxy population at 2 sigma significance. Our results imply that quasars do not reside in particularly massive dark matter halos at these redshifts, with a mean dark matter halo mass of M-200 similar to 3 x 10(12) M-. in a concordance Lambda CDM cosmology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Coil, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 76 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1086/509099 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800008 ER PT J AU Chitanvis, SM AF Chitanvis, Shirish M. TI Systematic quantum corrections to screening in thermonuclear fusion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions; nucleosynthesis; abundances ID REACTION-RATES; NUCLEAR-FUSION; PLASMA; ENHANCEMENT; SUN AB We develop a series expansion of the plasma screening length away from the classical limit in powers of h(2). It is shown that the leading-order quantum correction decreases the fusion rate by approximately 2%. We also calculate the next higher order quantum correction, which turns out to be approximately an order of magnitude smaller. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chitanvis, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM shirish@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1086/509496 PN 1 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800053 ER PT J AU Thomas, RC Aldering, G Antilogus, P Aragon, C Bailey, S Baltay, C Baron, E Bauer, A Buton, C Bongard, S Copin, Y Gangler, E Gilles, S Kessler, R Loken, S Nugent, P Pain, R Parrent, J Pecontal, E Pereira, R Perlmutter, S Rabinowitz, D Rigaudier, G Runge, K Scalzo, R Smadja, G Wang, L Weaver, BA AF Thomas, R. C. Aldering, G. Antilogus, P. Aragon, C. Bailey, S. Baltay, C. Baron, E. Bauer, A. Buton, C. Bongard, S. Copin, Y. Gangler, E. Gilles, S. Kessler, R. Loken, S. Nugent, P. Pain, R. Parrent, J. Pecontal, E. Pereira, R. Perlmutter, S. Rabinowitz, D. Rigaudier, G. Runge, K. Scalzo, R. Smadja, G. Wang, L. Weaver, B. A. CA Nearby Supernova Factory TI Nearby supernova factory observations of SN 2006D: On sporadic carbon signatures in early type IA supernova spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2006D) ID INTEGRAL-FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; MAXIMUM LIGHT; MODELS; EXPLOSION; UNIVERSE; 1999BY AB We present four spectra of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2006D extending from - 7 to + 13 days with respect to B-band maximum. The spectra include the strongest signature of unburned material at photospheric velocities observed in a SN Ia to date. The earliest spectrum exhibits C II absorption features below 14,000 km s(-1), including a distinctive C II lambda 6580 absorption feature. The carbon signatures dissipate as the SN approaches peak brightness. In addition to discussing implications of photospheric-velocity carbon for white dwarf explosion models, we outline some factors that may influence the frequency of its detection before and around peak brightness. Two effects are explored in this regard, including depopulation of the C II optical levels by non-LTE effects, and line-of-sight effects resulting from a clumpy distribution of unburned material with low volume filling factor. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris 4, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris 4, France. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Rech Astron Lyon, St Genis Laval, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009; Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608; Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/510780 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JM UT WOS:000243222200014 ER PT J AU Reimer, O Funk, S AF Reimer, Olaf Funk, Stefan TI Demystifying an unidentified EGRET source by VHE gamma-ray observations SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Multi-Messenger Approach to High Energy Gamma-Ray Sources/3rd Workshop of the Nature of Unidentified High-Energy Sources CY JUL 04-07, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE EGRET; data analysis; GLAST; simulations; pulsars; pulsar wind nebulae ID GEV J1417-6100; CATALOG; VARIABILITY; MULTIWAVELENGTH; KOOKABURRA; DISCOVERY; PULSAR AB In a novel approach in observational high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, observations carried out by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes provide necessary templates to pinpoint the nature of intriguing, yet unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources. Using GeV-photons detected by EGRET and taking advantage of high spatial resolution images from H.E.S.S. observations, we were able to shed new light on the EGRET observed gamma-ray emission in the Kookaburra complex, whose previous coverage in the literature is somewhat contradictory. 3EG J 14206038 very likely accounts for two GeV gamma-ray sources (E > 1 GeV), both in positional coincidence with the recently reported pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) by HESS in the Kookaburra/Rabbit complex. PWN associations at VHE energies, supported by accumulating evidence from observations in the radio and X-ray band, are indicative for the PSR/plerionic origin of spatially coincident, but still unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources from EGRET. This not only supports the already suggested connection between variable, but unidentified low-latitude gamma-ray sources with pulsar wind nebulae (3EG J1420-6038 has been suggested as PWN candidate previously), it also documents the ability of resolving apparently confused EGRET sources by connecting the GeV emission as measured from a large-aperture space-based gamma-ray instrument with narrow field-of-view but superior spatial resolution observations by ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, a very promising identification technique for achieving convincing individual source identifications in the era of GLAST-LAT. C1 Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reimer, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM olr@stanford.edu; stefan.funk@slac.stanford.edu RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2007 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9461-4 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194IR UT WOS:000248338600031 ER PT J AU Ciardi, A Lebedev, SV Frank, A Blackman, EG Ampleford, DJ Jennings, CA Chittenden, JP Lery, T Bland, SN Bott, SC Hall, GN Rapley, J Vidal, FAS Marocchino, A AF Ciardi, A. Lebedev, S. V. Frank, A. Blackman, E. G. Ampleford, D. J. Jennings, C. A. Chittenden, J. P. Lery, T. Bland, S. N. Bott, S. C. Hall, G. N. Rapley, J. Vidal, F. A. Suzuki Marocchino, A. TI 3D MHD simulations of laboratory plasma jets SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE MHD plasmas; accretion; accretion discs; laboratory astrophysics; winds; jets and outflows ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETIC TOWER; BIPOLAR FLOWS; WINDS; EXPLOSIONS; SUPERNOVAE; COLLAPSE; STARS AB Jets and outflows are thought to be an integral part of accretion phenomena and are associated with a large variety of objects. In these systems, the interaction of magnetic fields with an accretion disk and/or a magnetized central object is thought to be responsible for the acceleration and collimation of plasma into jets and wider angle flows. In this paper we present three-dimensional MHD simulations of magnetically driven, radiatively cooled laboratory jets that are produced on the MAGPIE experimental facility. The general outflow structure comprises an expanding magnetic cavity which is collimated by the pressure of an extended plasma background medium, and a magnetically confined jet which develops within the magnetic cavity. Although this structure is intrinsically transient and instabilities in the jet and disruption of the magnetic cavity ultimately lead to its break-up, a well collimated, "knotty" jet still emerges from the system; such clumpy morphology is reminiscent of that observed in many astrophysical jets. The possible introduction in the experiments of angular momentum and axial magnetic field will also be discussed. C1 Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. CNRS, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 4, Ireland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ciardi, A (reprint author), Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. RI Lery, Thibaut/M-3380-2014; Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015; Marocchino, Alberto/E-3571-2016; Lery, Thibaut/P-5626-2015 OI Lery, Thibaut/0000-0003-1290-6849; Marocchino, Alberto/0000-0002-5287-8355; Lery, Thibaut/0000-0003-1290-6849 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9215-8 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100005 ER PT J AU Ampleford, DJ Ciardi, A Lebedev, SV Bland, SN Bott, SC Chittenden, JP Hall, GN Frank, A Blackman, E AF Ampleford, David J. Ciardi, Andrea Lebedev, Sergey V. Bland, Simon N. Bott, Simon C. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Hall, Gareth N. Frank, Adam Blackman, Eric TI Jet deflection by a quasi-steady-state side wind in the laboratory SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE hydrodynamics; ISM; Herbig; Haro objects; methods; laboratory; stars; winds; outflows ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; PLASMA JETS; SIMULATIONS; ASTROPHYSICS; FLOWS AB We present experimental data on the steady state deflection of a highly supersonic jet by a side-wind in the laboratory. The use of a long interaction region enables internal shocks to fully cross the jet, leading to the development of significantly more structure in the jet than in previous work with a similar setup (Lebedev et al., 2004). The ability to control the length of the interaction region in the laboratory allows the switch between a regime representing a clumpy jet or wind and a regime similar to a slowly varying mass loss rate. The results indicate that multiple internal oblique shocks develop in the jet and the possible formation of a second working surface as the jet attempts to tunnel through the ambient medium. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ampleford, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM damplef@sandia.gov RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9238-1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100007 ER PT J AU Ampleford, DJ Lebedev, SV Ciardi, A Bland, SN Bott, SC Hall, GN Naz, N Jennings, CA Sherlock, M Chittenden, JP Frank, A Blackman, E AF Ampleford, D. J. Lebedev, S. V. Ciardi, A. Bland, S. N. Bott, S. C. Hall, G. N. Naz, N. Jennings, C. A. Sherlock, M. Chittenden, J. P. Frank, A. Blackman, E. TI Laboratory modeling of standing shocks and radiatively cooled jets with angular momentum SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE herbig-haro objects; laboratory; stars; winds; outflows ID HYPERSONIC PLASMA JETS; ARRAY Z-PINCHES; YOUNG STARS; ASTROPHYSICS; OUTFLOWS; DEFLECTION; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB Collimated flows ejected from young stars are believed to play a vital role in the star formation process by extracting angular momentum from the accretion disk. We discuss the first experiments to simulate rotating radiatively cooled, hypersonic jets in the laboratory. A modification of the conical wire array z-pinch is used to introduce angular momentum into convergent flows of plasma, a jet-forming standing shock and into the jet itself. The rotation of the jet is evident in laser imaging through the presence of discrete filaments which trace the rotational history of the jet. The presence of angular momentum results in a hollow density profile in both the standing conical shock and the jet. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ampleford, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM damplef@sandia.gov RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9258-x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100011 ER PT J AU Coker, RF Wilde, BH Foster, JM Blue, BE Rosen, PA Williams, RJR Hartigan, P Frank, A Back, CA AF Coker, R. F. Wilde, B. H. Foster, J. M. Blue, B. E. Rosen, P. A. Williams, R. J. R. Hartigan, P. Frank, A. Back, C. A. TI Numerical simulations and astrophysical applications of laboratory jets at omega SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE hydrodynamics; ISM : herbig-haro objects; ISM : jets and outflows; methods; laboratory ID FLOW AB We have conducted experiments on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester that have produced jets of supersonic Ti impacting and being deflected by a ball of high density plastic. These mm-sized jets of dense plasma are highly complex, have large Reynolds numbers, and, given sufficient time and shear, should produce a fully turbulent flow. The experiments are diagnosed with a point-projection backlighter, resulting in a single image per shot. Simulations of the 3D hydrodynamics capture the large-scale features of the experimental data fairly well while missing some of the smaller scale turbulent-like phenomena. This is to be expected given the limited characterization of the targets as well as the finite resolution of the 3D simulations. If Euler scaling holds, these experiments should model larger astrophysical jets in objects such as HH 110 where an outflow can be seen colliding with a molecular cloud. However, Euler scaling demands that not only the isothermal internal Mach numbers of the two systems be similar but also that any dissipative mechanisms, such as radiative cooling or viscous dissipation, be of equal importance relative to each other. Similar equations of state are required as well. We discuss such issues in the context of these experiments and simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AWE, Reading, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Gen Atom Co, Inertial Fus Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Coker, RF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Williams, Robin/H-1637-2011 OI Williams, Robin/0000-0002-0486-0580 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9268-8 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100012 ER PT J AU Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Donajkowski, TL Dannenberg, KK Grosskopf, M Kremer, DJ Krauland, C Marion, DC Robey, HF Remington, BA Hansen, JF Blue, BE Knauer, J Plewa, T Hearn, N AF Kuranz, C. C. Drake, R. P. Donajkowski, T. L. Dannenberg, K. K. Grosskopf, M. Kremer, D. J. Krauland, C. Marion, D. C. Robey, H. F. Remington, B. A. Hansen, J. F. Blue, B. E. Knauer, J. Plewa, T. Hearn, N. TI Assessing mix layer amplitude in 3D decelerating interface experiments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE Rayleigh-Taylor instability; supernova; laboratory astrophysics ID TAYLOR INSTABILITY AB We present data from recent high-energy-density laboratory experiments designed to explore the Rayleigh-Taylor instability under conditions relevant to supernovae. The Omega laser is used to create a blast wave structure that is similar to that of the explosion phase of a core-collapse supernova. An unstable interface is shocked and then decelerated by the planar blast wave, producing Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Recent experiments were performed using dual, side-on, x-ray radiography to observe a 3D "egg crate" mode and an imposed, longer-wavelength, sinusoidal mode as a seed perturbation. This paper explores the method of data analysis and accurately estimating the position of important features in the data. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kuranz, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9255-0 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100022 ER PT J AU Edens, AD Adams, RG Rambo, PK Smith, IC Porter, JL Ditmire, T AF Edens, A. D. Adams, R. G. Rambo, P. K. Smith, I. C. Porter, J. L. Ditmire, T. TI Measurement of the growth of perturbations on blast waves in a mixed gas SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE Vishniac overstability; Z-beamlet; KiloJoule laser; laboratory astrophysics; blast wave; radiating shock ID LASER; INSTABILITY AB We have performed a series of experiments examining the properties of high Mach number blast waves. Experiments were conducted on the Z-Beamlet laser at Sandia National Laboratories. We created blast waves in the laboratory by using similar to 1000 J laser pulses to illuminate millimeter scale solid targets immersed in gas. Our experiments studied the validity of theories forwarded by Ryu and Vishniac (1987, 1991) and Vishniac (1983) to explain the dynamics of perturbations on astrophysical blast waves. These experiments consisted of a systematic scan of the decay rates of perturbations of known primary mode number induced on the surface of blast waves by means of a regularly spaced wire array. The amplitude of the induced perturbations relative to the radius of the blast wave was tracked and fit to a power law in time. Measurements were taken for a number of different mode numbers in a mixed gas consisting of 7.5 Torr xenon and 2.5 Torr nitrogen and the results are compared to theoretical predictions. It is found that two of the three mode numbers imply one polytropic index while the third case, which is the most complicated for several reasons, implies a higher polytropic index. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Edens, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9278-6 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100024 ER PT J AU Hansen, JF Robey, HF Klein, RI Miles, AR AF Hansen, J. F. Robey, H. F. Klein, R. I. Miles, A. R. TI Mass-stripping analysis of an interstellar cloud by a supernova shock SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE shock; interstellar; cloud; turbulent; turbulence; mass-loading; star formation ID HYDRODYNAMICS; LASER AB The interaction of supernova shocks and interstellar clouds is an important astrophysical phenomenon since it can result in stellar and planetary formation. Our experiments attempt to simulate this mass-loading as it occurs when a shock passes through interstellar clouds. We drive a strong shock using the Omega laser (similar to 5kJ)into a foam-filled cylinder with an embedded Al sphere(diameter D=120 mu m) simulating an interstellar cloud. The density ratio between Al and foam is similar to 9. We have previously reported on the interaction between shock and cloud, the ensuing Kelvin-Helmholtz and Widnall instabilities, and the rapid stripping of all mass from the cloud. We now present a theory that explains the rapid mass-stripping. The theory combines (1) the integral momentum equations for a viscous boundary layer, (2) the equations for a potential flow past a sphere, (3) Spalding's law of the wall for turbulent boundary layers, and (4) the skin friction coefficient for a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate. The theory gives as its final result the mass stripped from a sphere in a turbulent high Reynolds number flow, and it agrees very well with our experimental observations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hansen, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hansen46@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9269-7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100027 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Kane, JO Mizuta, A Pound, MW Remington, BA AF Ryutov, D. D. Kane, J. O. Mizuta, A. Pound, M. W. Remington, B. A. TI Phenomenological theory of the photoevaporation front instability SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE HII regions; ablation front instability; eagle nebula; laboratory astrophysics ID IONIZATION FRONTS; HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HII-REGIONS; STABILITY; EVOLUTION AB The dynamics of photoevaporated molecular clouds is determined by the ablative pressure acting on the ionization front. An important step in the understanding of the ensuing motion is to develop the linear stability theory for an initially flat front. Despite the simplifications introduced by linearization, the problem remains quite complex and still draws a lot of attention. The complexity is related to the large number of effects that have to be included in the analysis: acceleration of the front, possible temporal variation of the intensity of the ionizing radiation, the tilt of the radiation flux with respect to the normal to the surface, and partial absorption of the incident radiation in the ablated material. In this paper, we describe a model where all these effects can be taken into account simultaneously, and a relatively simple and universal dispersion relation can be obtained. The proposed phenomenological model may prove to be a helpful tool in assessing the feasibility of the laboratory experiments directed towards scaled modeling of astrophysical phenomena. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Maryland, Astron Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9233-6 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100032 ER PT J AU Mizuta, A Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Takabe, H AF Mizuta, Akira Kane, Jave O. Pound, Marc W. Remington, Bruce A. Ryutov, Dmitri D. Takabe, Hideaki TI Nonlinear dynamics of ionization fronts in HII regions SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE HII regions; ISM : molecules; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; ISM individual object : M16 ID H-II REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB Hydrodynamic instability of an accelerating ionization front (IF) is investigated with 2D hydrodynamic simulations, including absorption of incident photoionizing photons, recombination in the HII region, and radiative molecular cooling. When the amplitude of the perturbation is large enough, nonlinear dynamics of the IF triggered by the separation of the IF from the cloud surface is observed. This causes the second harmonic of the imposed perturbation to appear on the cloud surfaces, whereas the perturbation in density of ablated gas in the HII region remains largely single mode. This mismatch of modes between the IF and the density perturbation in the HII region prevents the strong stabilization effect seen in the linear regime. Large growth of the perturbation caused by Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability is observed late in time. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Mizuta, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM mizuta@MPA-Garching.MPG.De RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9252-3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100034 ER PT J AU Pound, MW Kane, JO Ryutov, DD Remington, BA Mizuta, A AF Pound, Marc W. Kane, Jave O. Ryutov, Dmitri D. Remington, Bruce A. Mizuta, Akira TI Pillars of heaven SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE Eagle Nebula; radio astronomy; hydrodynamic models; aperture synthesis ID EAGLE NEBULA; HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; HII-REGIONS; CLOUDS AB Sometimes the most beautiful things are the hardest to understand. Pillars like those of the Eagle Nebula form at the boundary between some of the hottest (10000K) and coldest (10K) gas in the Galaxy. Many physical processes come into play in the birth and growth of such gaseous pillars: hydrodynamic instability, photoionization, ablation, recombination, molecular heating and cooling, and probably magnetic fields. High-quality astronomical observations, quantitative numerical simulations, and scaled laser experiments provide a powerful combination for understanding their formation and evolution. We put our most recent hydrodynamic model to the test, by creating simulated observations from it and comparing them directly to the actual radioastronomical observations. Successfully reproducing major characteristics of the observations in this manner is an important step in designing appropriate laser experiments. C1 Univ Maryland, Astron Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Pound, MW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Astron Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9214-9 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100035 ER PT J AU Castor, JI AF Castor, John I. TI Astrophysical radiation dynamics: The prospects for scaling SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE hydrodynamics; radiation; scaling ID REGIONS AB The general principles of scaling are discussed, followed by a survey of the important dimensionless parameters of fluid dynamics including radiation and magnetic fields, and of non-LTE spectroscopy. The values of the parameters are reviewed for a variety of astronomical and laboratory environments. It is found that parameters involving transport coefficients-the fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers-have enormous values for the astronomical problems that are not reached in the lab. The parameters that measure the importance of radiation are also scarcely reached in the lab. This also means that the lab environments are much closer to LTE than the majority of astronomical examples. Some of the astronomical environments are more magnetically dominated than anything in the lab. The conclusion is that a good astronomical environment for simulation in a given lab experiment can be found, but that the reverse is much more difficult. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Castor, JI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-16, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM castor1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9236-3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100039 ER PT J AU Rosen, PA Foster, JM Taylor, MJ Keiter, PA Smith, CC Finke, JR Gunderson, M Perry, TS AF Rosen, P. A. Foster, J. M. Taylor, M. J. Keiter, P. A. Smith, C. C. Finke, J. R. Gunderson, M. Perry, T. S. TI Experiments to study radiation transport in clumpy media SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE radiation transfer; radiation flow; clumpy media; inhomogeneous plasma ID SCATTERING; OPACITY; MODELS; M17 AB Clumpiness of the interstellar medium may play an important role in the transfer of infrared continuum radiation in star forming regions (Boisse, 1990). For example, in homogeneous models, C II emission should be confined to the cloud edge (Viala, 1986). However, in star formation regions (such as M17SW, M17 and W51), it is observed to extend deep into the molecular cloud (Stutzki et al., 1988; Keene et al., 1985). One plausible interpretation of these observations is that, due to their clumpiness, the clouds are penetrated by UV radiation far deeper than expected from simple homogeneous models. The interaction of H II regions around young massive stars with a clumpy medium is another area of interest. Molecular clouds are well established to be clumpy on length scales down to the limits of observational resolution. Clumps can act as localized reservoirs of gas which can be injected into the surroundings by photoionization and/or hydrodynamic ablation (Dyson et al., 1995; Mathis et al., 1998). The calculation of radiation transport in hot, clumpy materials is a challenging problem. Approximate, statistical treatments of this problem have been developed by several workers, but their application has not been tested in detail. We describe laboratory experiments, using the Omega laser to test modelling of radiation transport through clumpy media in the form of inhomogeneous plasmas. C1 AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM Paula.Rosen@awe.co.uk RI Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9235-4 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100040 ER PT J AU Hansen, JF Edwards, MJ Froula, DH Edens, AD Gregori, G Ditmire, T AF Hansen, J. F. Edwards, M. J. Froula, D. H. Edens, A. D. Gregori, G. Ditmire, T. TI Laboratory observation of secondary shock formation ahead of a strongly radiative blast wave SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE radiative; shock; heat wave; supernova ID SUPERNOVA; ASTROPHYSICS AB We have previously reported the experimental discovery of a second shock forming ahead of a radiative shock propagating in Xe. The initial shock is spherical, radiative, with a high Mach number, and it sends a supersonic radiative heat wave far ahead of itself. The heat wave rapidly slows to a transonic regime and when its Mach number drops to two with respect to the downstream plasma, the heat wave drives a second shock ahead of itself to satisfy mass and momentum conservation in the heat wave reference frame. We now show experimental data from a range of mixtures of Xe and N-2, gradually changing the properties of the initial shock and the environment into which the shock moves and radiates (the radiative conductivity and the heat capacity). We have successfully observed second shock formation over the entire range from 100% Xe mass fraction to 100% N-2. The formation radius of the second shock as a function of Xe mass fraction is consistent with an analytical estimate. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CCLRC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hansen, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hansen46@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9292-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100041 ER PT J AU Koenig, M Ravasio, A Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Loupias, B Ozaki, N Borghesi, M Cecchetti, C Batani, D Dezulian, R Lepape, S Patel, P Park, HS Hicks, D Mckinnon, A Boehly, T Schiavi, A Henry, E Notley, M Clark, R Bandyopadhyay, S AF Koenig, M. Ravasio, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, A. Loupias, B. Ozaki, N. Borghesi, M. Cecchetti, C. Batani, D. Dezulian, R. Lepape, S. Patel, P. Park, H. S. Hicks, D. Mckinnon, A. Boehly, T. Schiavi, A. Henry, E. Notley, M. Clark, R. Bandyopadhyay, S. TI Density measurements of shock compressed matter using short pulse laser diagnostics SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE shocks; laser plasmas; radiography ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; DRIVEN SHOCK AB In this paper, experimental results on X-ray and proton radiography of shock compressed matter are presented. It has been performed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) using three long pulse beams to generate a shock wave in a multi-layer foil and a short pulse beam to create either an X-ray or protons source for a transverse radiography. Depending on the probe material (aluminium or carbon foam) a Molybdenum K alpha source or a proton beam are used. Density data of the shocked aluminium, in the multimagabar regime are presented. C1 Univ Paris 06, CEA, CNRS, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys & Astron, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis Occhialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. INFM, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, MI USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Energet, Rome, Italy. CEA DIF, DECRE, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. RP Koenig, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CEA, CNRS, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; Schiavi, Angelo/D-2924-2017 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; Schiavi, Angelo/0000-0002-7081-2747 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9184-y PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100048 ER PT J AU Chabrier, G Saumon, D Winisdoerffer, C AF Chabrier, G. Saumon, D. Winisdoerffer, C. TI Hydrogen and helium at high density and astrophysical implications SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE plasma physics; equation of state ID PLASMA PHASE-TRANSITION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; SHOCK-COMPRESSION; FLUID HYDROGEN; GIANT PLANETS; PRESSURE-IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SOLID DEUTERIUM; LOW-MASS AB We briefly summarize the present status of theoretical and experimental investigations aimed at describing the thermodynamic properties of hydrogen and helium at high density. We confront various theoretical models to presently available experiments and we consider the astrophysical implications for giant planet interiors. C1 CRAL, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, Lyon, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chabrier, G (reprint author), CRAL, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, Lyon, France. EM chabrier@ens-lyon.fr NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9285-7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100049 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Lorenz, KT Ho, D Remington, BA Hamza, A Rogers, J Pollaine, S Jeon, S Nam, YS Kilkenny, J AF Smith, Raymond F. Lorenz, K. Thomas Ho, Darwin Remington, Bruce A. Hamza, Alex Rogers, John Pollaine, Stephen Jeon, Seokwoo Nam, Yun-Suk Kilkenny, J. TI Graded-density reservoirs for accessing high stress low temperature material states SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE quasi-isentropic compression; high compression rates ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; SOLIDS AB In recently developed laser-driven shockless compression experiments an ablatively driven shock in a primary target is transformed into a ramp compression wave in a secondary target via unloading followed by stagnation across an intermediate vacuum gap. Current limitations on the achievable peak longitudinal stresses are limited by the ability of shaping the temporal profile of the ramp compression pulse. We report on new techniques using graded density reservoirs for shaping the loading profile and extending these techniques to high peak pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA USA. EM smith248@llnl.gov RI JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9231-8 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100050 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Challacombe, M Kowalski, PM Saumon, D AF Mazevet, S. Challacombe, M. Kowalski, P. M. Saumon, D. TI He conductivity in cool white dwarf atmospheres SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE atomic processes; dense matter; equation of state; plasmas; radiation mechanisms : general ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRON-GAS; GREENS-FUNCTION; HELIUM; EQUATION; METALS; STATE AB We investigate the conductivity of warm dense helium under conditions found in the atmospheres of cool white dwarfs using ab initio simulations. The calculations performed consist of quantum molecular dynamics simulations where the electronic wavefunction at each time step is obtained using density functional theory, while the ion trajectories are calculated using the resulting quantum mechanical forces. We use both conventional DFT (PW91) and hybrid (PBE0) functionals to calculate the conductivities that provide an estimate of the ionization fraction. While the calculations are in good agreement with the measurements for the equation of state, a significant discrepancy exists with the recently measured conductivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kowalski, Piotr/L-7411-2013 OI Kowalski, Piotr/0000-0001-6604-3458 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9185-x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100051 ER PT J AU Hawreliak, J Colvin, J Eggert, J Kalantar, DH Lorenzana, HE Pollaine, S Rosolankova, K Remington, BA Stolken, J Wark, JS AF Hawreliak, J. Colvin, J. Eggert, J. Kalantar, D. H. Lorenzana, H. E. Pollaine, S. Rosolankova, K. Remington, B. A. Stolken, J. Wark, J. S. TI Modeling planetary interiors in laser based experiments using shockless compression SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE laser shock; shockless compression; diffraction; dynamic diffraction; simulation ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; GIANT PLANETS AB X-ray diffraction is a widely used technique for measuring the crystal structure of a compressed material. Recently, short pulse x-ray sources have been used to measure the crystal structure in-situ while a sample is being dynamically loaded. To reach the ultra high pressures that are unattainable in static experiments at temperatures lower than using shock techniques, shockless quasi-isentropic compression is required. Shockless compression has been demonstrated as a successful means of accessing high pressures. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), which will begin doing high pressure material science in 2010, it should be possible to reach over 2 TPa quasi-isentropically. This paper outlines how x-ray diffraction could be used to study the crystal structure in laser driven, shocklessly compressed targets the same way it has been used in shock compressed samples. A simulation of a shockless laser driven iron is used to generate simulated diffraction signals, and recent experimental results are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hawreliak, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM hawreliak1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9385-z PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100053 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Remington, BA AF Ryutov, D. D. Remington, B. A. TI Scaling laws for collisionless laser-plasma interactions of relevance to laboratory astrophysics SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE laser-plasma interaction; particle acceleration; magnetic field generation; laboratory astrophysics ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; PULSES; GENERATION; BEAMS AB Scaling laws for interaction of ultra-intense laser beams with a collisionless plasmas are discussed. Special attention is paid to the problem of the collective ion acceleration. Symmetry arguments in application to the generation of the poloidal magnetic field are presented. A heuristic model for evaluating the magnetic field strength is proposed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s10509-006-9247-0 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100054 ER PT J AU Le Pape, S Hey, D Patel, P Mackinnon, A Klein, R Remington, B Wilks, S Ryutov, D Moon, S Foord, M AF Le Pape, Sebastien Hey, Daniel Patel, Pravesh Mackinnon, Andrew Klein, Richard Remington, Bruce Wilks, Scott Ryutov, Dmitri Moon, Steve Foord, Marc TI Proton radiography of megagauss electromagnetic fields generated by the irradiation of a solid target by an ultraintense laser pulse SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 11-14, 2006 CL Rich Univ, Houston, TX HO Rich Univ DE laser generated-proton beam; magnetic field; deflectometry ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PLASMA; ACCELERATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Laser generated protons have been used to probe the temporal and spatial evolution of megagauss magnetic fields. Grid deflectometry techniques have been applied to proton radiography to obtain precise measurements of proton beam angles caused by magnetic fields in laser produced plasmas. Data are presented in two different regimes of interactions at ultra high intensity (1020 W/cm(2)) where hots electrons are supposed to be responsible of the B field, and at lower intensity (1017 W/cm(2)) and later time where the gradients of temperature and density are responsible of the B field. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Le Pape, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lepape2@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 307 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9386-y PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147HX UT WOS:000244995100063 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Barnard, JC Arnott, WP Cary, R Coulter, R Fast, JD Kassianov, EI Kleinman, L Laulainen, NS Martin, T Paredes-Miranda, G Pekour, MS Shaw, WJ Smith, DF Springston, SR Yu, XY AF Doran, J. C. Barnard, J. C. Arnott, W. P. Cary, R. Coulter, R. Fast, J. D. Kassianov, E. I. Kleinman, L. Laulainen, N. S. Martin, T. Paredes-Miranda, G. Pekour, M. S. Shaw, W. J. Smith, D. F. Springston, S. R. Yu, X. -Y. TI The T1-T2 study: evolution of aerosol properties downwind of Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; MIXING STATE AB As part of a major atmospheric chemistry and aerosol field program carried out in March 2006, a study was conducted in the area to the north and northeast of Mexico City to investigate the evolution of aerosols and their associated optical properties in the first few hours after their emission. The focus of the T1-T2 aerosol study was to investigate changes in the specific absorption alpha(ABS) (absorption per unit mass, with unit of m(2) g(-1)) of black carbon as it aged and became coated with compounds such as sulfate and organic carbon, evolving from an external to an internal mixture. Such evolution has been reported in previous studies. The T1 site was located just to the north of the Mexico City metropolitan area; the T2 site was situated approximately 35 km farther to the northeast. Nephelometers, particle soot absorption photometers, photoacoustic absorption spectrometers, and organic and elemental carbon analyzers were used to measure the optical properties of the aerosols and the carbon concentrations at each of the sites. Radar wind profilers and radiosonde systems helped to characterize the meteorology and to identify periods when transport from Mexico City over T1 and T2 occurred. Organic and elemental carbon concentrations at T1 showed diurnal cycles reflecting the nocturnal and early morning buildup from nearby sources, while concentrations at T2 appeared to be more affected by transport from Mexico City. Specific absorption during transport periods was lower than during other times, consistent with the likelihood of fresher emissions being found when the winds blew from Mexico City over T1 and T2. The specific absorption at T2 was larger than at T1, which is also consistent with the expectation of more aged particles with encapsulated black carbon being found at the more distant location. In situ measurements of single scattering albedo with an aircraft and a ground station showed general agreement with column-averaged values derived from rotating shadow-band radiometer data, although some differences were found that may be related to boundary-layer evolution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Sunset Lab Inc, Tigard, OR USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.doran@pnl.gov RI Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013 OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1585 EP 1598 DI 10.5194/acp-7-1585-2007 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153ML UT WOS:000245439500008 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Kassianov, EI Ackerman, TP Johnson, K Zuberi, B Molina, LT Molina, MJ AF Barnard, J. C. Kassianov, E. I. Ackerman, T. P. Johnson, K. Zuberi, B. Molina, L. T. Molina, M. J. TI Estimation of a "radiatively correct" black carbon specific absorption during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) 2003 field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AIR-QUALITY; PARTICLES; SOOT; INSTRUMENT; DEPTH AB During the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) field campaign of 2003, measurements of the shortwave radiation field allowed the inference of the black carbon (BC) specific absorption, alpha(lambda), defined as the monochromatic absorption cross section per unit mass (with units of m(2)/g). The averaged values of alpha(lambda) derived from the method here are either 8.9 m(2)/g or 8.2 m(2)/g at 500 nm, depending upon the physical and optical parameters assumed for BC. These results are reasonably consistent with those of Schuster et al. (2005), 9.5 m(2)/g, and Baumgartner et al. (2002), 7.0 m(2)/g, both measured at 550 nm. The alpha(lambda) values reported in this paper should only be considered effective, "radiatively correct" values because when used in radiative transfer calculations the calculated irradiances match the measured irradiances at 500 nm. The specific absorption so defined can assume a wide range of values, depending upon: (1) the assumptions made prior to the retrieval (e.g., shell/core aerosol configuration), and (2) values chosen for BC density and refractive index. The range of possible values is large, corresponding to a "worst case" uncertainty of about +/- 70%, assuming that all errors are additive and of the same sign so that no error cancellation occurs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1645 EP 1655 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153ML UT WOS:000245439500012 ER PT J AU Cleary, PA Wooldridge, PJ Millet, DB Mckay, M Goldstein, AH Cohen, RC AF Cleary, P. A. Wooldridge, P. J. Millet, D. B. McKay, M. Goldstein, A. H. Cohen, R. C. TI Observations of total peroxy nitrates and aldehydes: measurement interpretation and inference of OH radical concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXYCARBOXYLIC NITRIC ANHYDRIDES; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ALKYL NITRATES; IN-SITU; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; INITIATED OXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG AB We describe measurements of total peroxy nitrates (Sigma PNs), NO2, O-3 and several aldehydes at Granite Bay, California, during the Chemistry and Transport of the Sacramento Urban Plume-2001 (CATSUP 2001) campaign, from 19 July - 16 September 2001. We observed a strong photochemically driven variation of Sigma PNs during the day with the median of 1.2 ppb at noon. Acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal and methacrolein had median abundances in the daytime of 1.2 ppb, 0.093 ppb, 0.14 ppb, and 0.27 ppb, respectively. We compare steady state and time dependent calculations of the dependence of Sigma PNs on aldehydes, OH, NO and NO2 showing that the steady state calculations are accurate to +/- 30% between 10: 00 and 18: 00 h. We use the steady state calculation to investigate the composition of Sigma PNs and the concentration of OH at Granite Bay. We find that PN molecules that have never been observed before make up an unreasonably large fraction of the Sigma PNs unless we assume that there exists a PAN source that is much larger than the acetaldehyde source. We calculate that OH at the site varied between 2 and 7 x 10(6) molecule cm(-3) at noon during the 8 weeks of the experiment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1947 EP 1960 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MJ UT WOS:000246455500004 ER PT J AU Doran, C AF Doran, C. TI "The T1-T2 study: evolution of aerosol properties downwind of Mexico City (vol 7, pg 1585, 2007) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction ID METROPOLITAN-AREA; ABSORPTION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.doran@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2197 EP 2198 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MP UT WOS:000246456100004 ER PT J AU Fast, JD de Foy, B Rosas, FA Caetano, E Carmichael, G Emmons, L McKenna, D Mena, M Skamarock, W Tie, X Coulter, RL Barnard, JC Wiedinmyer, C Madronich, S AF Fast, J. D. de Foy, B. Rosas, F. Acevedo Caetano, E. Carmichael, G. Emmons, L. McKenna, D. Mena, M. Skamarock, W. Tie, X. Coulter, R. L. Barnard, J. C. Wiedinmyer, C. Madronich, S. TI A meteorological overview of the MILAGRO field campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEXICO-CITY BASIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER EVOLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; GAP WINDS; QUALITY; REGION; MODEL; FLOW; CIRCULATION; CHEMISTRY AB We describe the large-scale meteorological conditions that affected atmospheric chemistry over Mexico during March 2006 when several field campaigns were conducted in the region. In-situ and remote-sensing instrumentation was deployed to obtain measurements of wind, temperature, and humidity profiles in the boundary layer and free atmosphere at four primary sampling sites in central Mexico. Several models were run operationally during the field campaign to provide forecasts of the local, regional, and synoptic meteorology as well as the predicted location of the Mexico City pollutant plume for aircraft flight planning purposes. Field campaign measurements and large-scale analyses are used to define three regimes that characterize the overall meteorological conditions: the first regime prior to 14 March, the second regime between 14 and 23 March, and the third regime after 23 March. Mostly sunny and dry conditions with periods of cirrus and marine stratus along the coast occurred during the first regime. The beginning of the second regime was characterized by a sharp increase in humidity over the central plateau and the development of late afternoon convection associated with the passage of a weak cold surge on 14 March. Over the next several days, the atmosphere over the central plateau became drier so that deep convection gradually diminished. The third regime began with the passage of a strong cold surge that lead to humidity, afternoon convection, and precipitation over the central plateau that was higher than during the second regime. The frequency and intensity of fires, as determined by satellite measurements, also diminished significantly after the third cold surge. The synoptic-scale flow patterns that govern the transport of pollutants in the region are described and compared to previous March periods to put the transport into a climatological context. The complex terrain surrounding Mexico City produces local and regional circulations that govern short-range transport; however, the mean synoptic conditions modulate the thermally-driven circulations and on several days the near-surface flow is coupled to the ambient winds aloft. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA. Comis Nacl Agua, USMN, GRGC, Boca Del Rio, Veracruz, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov RI Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; McKenna, Daniel/E-7806-2014; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI McKenna, Daniel/0000-0002-4360-4782; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 46 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2233 EP 2257 DI 10.5194/acp-7-2233-2007 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MP UT WOS:000246456100007 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Ruedy, R Kharecha, P Lacis, A Miller, R Nazarenko, L Lo, K Schmidt, GA Russell, G Aleinov, I Bauer, S Baum, E Cairns, B Canuto, V Chandler, M Cheng, Y Cohen, A Del Genio, A Faluvegi, G Fleming, E Friend, A Hall, T Jackman, C Jonas, J Kelley, M Kiang, NY Koch, D Labow, G Lerner, J Menon, S Novakov, T Oinas, V Perlwitz, J Perlwitz, J Rind, D Romanou, A Schmunk, R Shindell, D Stone, P Sun, S Streets, D Tausnev, N Thresher, D Unger, N Yao, M Zhang, S AF Hansen, J. Sato, M. Ruedy, R. Kharecha, P. Lacis, A. Miller, R. Nazarenko, L. Lo, K. Schmidt, G. A. Russell, G. Aleinov, I. Bauer, S. Baum, E. Cairns, B. Canuto, V. Chandler, M. Cheng, Y. Cohen, A. Del Genio, A. Faluvegi, G. Fleming, E. Friend, A. Hall, T. Jackman, C. Jonas, J. Kelley, M. Kiang, N. Y. Koch, D. Labow, G. Lerner, J. Menon, S. Novakov, T. Oinas, V. Perlwitz, Ja. Perlwitz, Ju. Rind, D. Romanou, A. Schmunk, R. Shindell, D. Stone, P. Sun, S. Streets, D. Tausnev, N. Thresher, D. Unger, N. Yao, M. Zhang, S. TI Dangerous human-made interference with climate: a GISS modelE study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; GREENHOUSE GASES; WEST ANTARCTICA; SOLAR-RADIATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LEVEL RISE; ATLANTIC AB We investigate the issue of "dangerous human-made interference with climate" using simulations with GISS modelE driven by measured or estimated forcings for 1880 2003 and extended to 2100 for IPCC greenhouse gas scenarios as well as the "alternative" scenario of Hansen and Sato ( 2004). Identification of "dangerous" effects is partly subjective, but we find evidence that added global warming of more than 1 degrees C above the level in 2000 has effects that may be highly disruptive. The alternative scenario, with peak added forcing similar to 1.5 W/m(2) in 2100, keeps further global warming under 1 degrees C if climate sensitivity is similar to 3 degrees C or less for doubled CO2. The alternative scenario keeps mean regional seasonal warming within 2 sigma ( standard deviations) of 20th century variability, but other scenarios yield regional changes of 5 - 10 sigma, i.e. mean conditions outside the range of local experience. We conclude that a CO2 level exceeding about 450 ppm is "dangerous", but reduction of non-CO2 forcings can provide modest relief on the CO2 constraint. We discuss three specific sub-global topics: Arctic climate change, tropical storm intensification, and ice sheet stability. We suggest that Arctic climate change has been driven as much by pollutants (O-3, its precursor CH4, and soot) as by CO2, offering hope that dual efforts to reduce pollutants and slow CO2 growth could minimize Arctic change. Simulated recent ocean warming in the region of Atlantic hurricane formation is comparable to observations, suggesting that greenhouse gases (GHGs) may have contributed to a trend toward greater hurricane intensities. Increasing GHGs cause significant warming in our model in submarine regions of ice shelves and shallow methane hydrates, raising concern about the potential for accelerating sea level rise and future positive feedback from methane release. Growth of non-CO2 forcings has slowed in recent years, but CO2 emissions are now surging well above the alternative scenario. Prompt actions to slow CO2 emissions and decrease non-CO2 forcings are required to achieve the low forcing of the alternative scenario. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. Sigma Space Partners LLC, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hansen, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 NR 142 TC 119 Z9 128 U1 11 U2 49 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2287 EP 2312 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MP UT WOS:000246456100011 ER PT J AU Kassianov, EI Flynn, CJ Ackerman, TP Barnard, JC AF Kassianov, E. I. Flynn, C. J. Ackerman, T. P. Barnard, J. C. TI Aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter from MFRSR observations during the ARM Aerosol IOP 2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLOUD; ABSORPTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; IRRADIANCE; DEPTH; SIZE AB Multi-filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (MFRSRs) provide routine measurements of the aerosol optical depth (tau) at six wavelengths (0.415, 0.5, 0.615, 0.673, 0.870 and 0.94 mu m). The single-scattering albedo ((omega) over bar (0)) is typically estimated from the MFRSR measurements by assuming the asymmetry parameter (g). In most instances, however, it is not easy to set an appropriate value of g due to its strong temporal and spatial variability. Here, we introduce and validate an updated version of our retrieval technique that allows one to estimate simultaneously (omega) over bar (0) and g for different types of aerosol. We use the aerosol and radiative properties obtained during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program's Aerosol Intensive Operational Period (IOP) to validate our retrieval in two ways. First, the MFRSR-retrieved optical properties are compared with those obtained from independent surface, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), and aircraft measurements. The MFRSR-retrieved optical properties are in reasonable agreement with these independent measurements. Second, we perform radiative closure experiments using the MFRSR-retrieved optical properties. The calculated broadband values of the direct and diffuse fluxes are comparable ( similar to 5 W/m(2)) to those obtained from measurements. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kassianov, EI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov NR 41 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3341 EP 3351 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 183KU UT WOS:000247572500017 ER PT J AU Textor, C Schulz, M Guibert, S Kinne, S Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Berglen, T Boucher, O Chin, M Dentener, F Diehl, T Feichter, J Fillmore, D Ginoux, P Gong, S Grini, A Hendricks, J Horowitz, L Huang, P Isaksen, ISA Iversen, T Kloster, S Koch, D Kirkevag, A Kristjansson, JE Krol, M Lauer, A Lamarque, JF Liu, X Montanaro, V Myhre, G Penner, JE Pitari, G Reddy, MS Seland, O Stier, P Takemura, T Tie, X AF Textor, C. Schulz, M. Guibert, S. Kinne, S. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Berglen, T. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Grini, A. Hendricks, J. Horowitz, L. Huang, P. Isaksen, I. S. A. Iversen, T. Kloster, S. Koch, D. Kirkevag, A. Kristjansson, J. E. Krol, M. Lauer, A. Lamarque, J. F. Liu, X. Montanaro, V. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Pitari, G. Reddy, M. S. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tie, X. TI The effect of harmonized emissions on aerosol properties in global models - an AeroCom experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT MODEL; WET DEPOSITION; MINERAL DUST; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; SIZE AB The effects of unified aerosol sources on global aerosol fields simulated by different models are examined in this paper. We compare results from two AeroCom experiments, one with different (ExpA) and one with unified emissions, injection heights, and particle sizes at the source (ExpB). Surprisingly, harmonization of aerosol sources has only a small impact on the simulated inter-model diversity of the global aerosol burden, and consequently global optical properties, as the results are largely controlled by model-specific transport, removal, chemistry (leading to the formation of secondary aerosols) and parameterizations of aerosol microphysics (e.g., the split between deposition pathways) and to a lesser extent by the spatial and temporal distributions of the (precursor) emissions. The burdens of black carbon and especially sea salt become more coherent in ExpB only, because the large ExpA diversities for these two species were caused by a few outliers. The experiment also showed that despite prescribing emission fluxes and size distributions, ambiguities in the implementation in individual models can lead to substantial differences. These results indicate the need for a better understanding of aerosol life cycles at process level (including spatial dispersal and interaction with meteorological parameters) in order to obtain more reliable results from global aerosol simulations. This is particularly important as such model results are used to assess the consequences of specific air pollution abatement strategies. C1 Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Columbia Univ, GISS, New York, NY USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. ARQM Meteorol Serv Canda, Toronto, ON, Canada. DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Utrecht, IMAU, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. UPMC, IPSL, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Textor, C (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM christiane.textor@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 52 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 17 BP 4489 EP 4501 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210SD UT WOS:000249475000001 ER PT J AU Bauer, SE Koch, D Unger, N Metzger, SM Shindell, DT Streets, DG AF Bauer, S. E. Koch, D. Unger, N. Metzger, S. M. Shindell, D. T. Streets, D. G. TI Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: a global simulation including aerosols and tropospheric ozone SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL; PACIFIC EXPLORATORY MISSION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IONIC-SOLUTIONS; MULTICOMPONENT; SULFATE; AMMONIUM; HYGROSCOPICITY AB Nitrate aerosols are expected to become more important in the future atmosphere due to the expected increase in nitrate precursor emissions and the decline of ammoniumsulphate aerosols in wide regions of this planet. The GISS climate model is used in this study, including atmospheric gas- and aerosol phase chemistry to investigate current and future (2030, following the SRES A1B emission scenario) atmospheric compositions. A set of sensitivity experiments was carried out to quantify the individual impact of emission-and physical climate change on nitrate aerosol formation. We found that future nitrate aerosol loads depend most strongly on changes that may occur in the ammonia sources. Furthermore, microphysical processes that lead to aerosol mixing play a very important role in sulphate and nitrate aerosol formation. The role of nitrate aerosols as climate change driver is analyzed and set in perspective to other aerosol and ozone forcings under pre-industrial, present day and future conditions. In the near future, year 2030, ammonium nitrate radiative forcing is about - 0.14 W/m(2) and contributes roughly 10% of the net aerosol and ozone forcing. The present day nitrate and pre-industrial nitrate forcings are - 0.11 and - 0.05 W/m(2), respectively. The steady increase of nitrate aerosols since industrialization increases its role as a non greenhouse gas forcing agent. However, this impact is still small compared to greenhouse gas forcings, therefore the main role nitrate will play in the future atmosphere is as an air pollutant, with annual mean near surface air concentrations, in the fine particle mode, rising above 3 mu g/m(3) in China and therefore reaching pollution levels, like sulphate aerosols. C1 Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Bauer, SE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sbauer@giss.nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Unger, Nadine/M-9360-2015; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 73 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 19 BP 5043 EP 5059 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235MS UT WOS:000251239000002 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Fu, JS Jang, CJ Hao, JM He, KB Tang, XY Zhang, YH Wang, ZF Li, ZP Zhang, Q Wang, LT Wang, BY Yu, C AF Streets, David G. Fu, Joshua S. Jang, Carey J. Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Tang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yuanhang Wang, Zifa Li, Zuopan Zhang, Qiang Wang, Litao Wang, Binyu Yu, Carolyne TI Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Beijing; regional air quality; Olympic Games; PM2.5; ozone ID EASTERN CHINA; UNITED-STATES; PM2.5; AEROSOL; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; POLLUTION; MODEL; PM10; SULFATE AB China is taking major steps to improve Beijing's air quality for the 2008 Olympic Games. However, concentrations of fine particulate matter and ozone in Beijing often exceed healthful levels in the summertime. Based on the US EPA's Models-3/CMAQ model simulation over the Beijing region, we estimate that about 34% of PM2.5 on average and 35-60% of ozone during high ozone episodes at the Olympic Stadium site can be attributed to sources outside Beijing. Neighboring Hebei and Shandong Provinces and the Tianjin Municipality all exert significant influence on Beijing's air quality. During sustained wind flow from the south, Hebei Province can contribute 50-70% of Beijing's PM2.5 concentrations and 20-30% of ozone. Controlling only local sources in Beijing will not be sufficient to attain the air quality goal set for the Beijing Olympics. There is an urgent need for regional air quality management studies and new emission control strategies to ensure that the air quality goals for 2008 are met. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dstreets@anl.gov RI Wang, Zifa/B-5192-2008; tang, xiaoyan/D-5186-2011; Zhang, Yuanhang/F-7038-2011; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 38 TC 257 Z9 343 U1 20 U2 215 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 480 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.046 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130WZ UT WOS:000243831000003 ER PT S AU Stotler, DP Bell, RE Hill, KW Johnson, DW Levinton, FM AF Stotler, D. P. Bell, R. E. Hill, K. W. Johnson, D. W. Levinton, F. M. BE Roueff, E TI Atomic physics in ITER The foundation for the next step to fusion power SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 15-NOV 19, 2006 CL Meudon, FRANCE SP Consell Sci Observ Paris, Observ Paris, Dept LUTh, Observ Paris, Dept LERMA, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chimie Milleu Interstellaire, Programme Natl Planetol, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, Assoc Euratom CEA, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Reg Ile France DE ITER; tokamak divertor; tokamak diagnostics ID COLLISION PROCESSES; HEAT-FLUX; DIVERTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; REACTOR; EXTRAPOLATION; HYDROCARBONS; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONS AB ITER represents the next step towards practical magnetic confinement fusion power. Its primary physics objective is to study plasmas in which the fusion power exceeds the external heating power by a factor of 5 to 10; its technological objectives include the use of superconducting magnets and remote maintenance. We will describe the ITER experiment and then detail the fundamental roles that will be played by atomic physics processes in facilitating the achievement of ITER's objectives. First, atoms and molecules generated by the interaction of the ITER plasma with surrounding material surfaces will impact and, in some respects, dominate the particle, momentum, and energy balances in both the adjacent and confined, core plasmas. Second, impurity radiation in the edge plasma, either from intrinsic or extrinsic species, will ensure that heat coming out from the core is spread more uniformly over the surrounding material surfaces than it would otherwise. Third, many of the diagnostics used to monitor the dense (n(e) similar to 10(20) m(-3)), hot (similar to 1 x 10(8) K) core plasma leverage off of atomic physics effects. C1 [Stotler, D. P.; Bell, R. E.; Hill, K. W.; Johnson, D. W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Levinton, F. M.] Princeton Theol Seminary, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76CHO3073] FX The author would like to acknowledge useful discussions with D. Reiter (IPP-Julich) and R. Schneider (IPP-Greifswald). This work has been supported by U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC02-76CHO3073. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0407-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 901 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGD93 UT WOS:000246215300011 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Schultz, DR AF Ralchenko, Yuri Schultz, David R. BE Roueff, E TI Database demonstration sessions at ICAMDATA-5 SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 15-NOV 19, 2006 CL Meudon, FRANCE SP Consell Sci Observ Paris, Observ Paris, Dept LUTh, Observ Paris, Dept LERMA, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chimie Milleu Interstellaire, Programme Natl Planetol, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, Assoc Euratom CEA, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Reg Ile France AB We report on the database demonstration sessions held during the 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications. C1 [Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schultz, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0407-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 901 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGD93 UT WOS:000246215300026 ER PT S AU Zhai, HJ Li, X Wang, LS AF Zhai, Hua-Jin Li, Xi Wang, Lai-Sheng BE Woodruff, DP TI Probing the unique size-dependent properties of small Au clusters, Au alloy clusters, and CO-chemisorbed Au clusters in the gas phase SO ATOMIC CLUSTERS: FROM GAS PHASE TO DEPOSITED, VOL 12 SE Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMALL GOLD CLUSTERS; ION MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE ADSORPTION; TETRAHEDRAL AU-20 CLUSTER; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; CLOSED-SHELL INTERACTIONS; CATIONIC BORON CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY C1 [Zhai, Hua-Jin; Li, Xi; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Zhai, Hua-Jin; Li, Xi; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 204 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0785 BN 978-0-08-047595-0 J9 CHEM PHYS SOLID SURF PY 2007 VL 12 BP 91 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S1571-0785(07)12003-4 PG 60 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BCR00 UT WOS:000311050100004 ER PT S AU Jellinek, J Acioli, PH AF Jellinek, Julius Acioli, Paulo H. BE Woodruff, DP TI Computational electron spectroscopy of gas-phase metal clusters SO ATOMIC CLUSTERS: FROM GAS PHASE TO DEPOSITED, VOL 12 SE Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNESIUM CLUSTERS; MERCURY CLUSTERS; BINDING-ENERGIES; SIZE DEPENDENCE; MG CLUSTERS; TRANSITION; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; IONS; NA C1 [Jellinek, Julius; Acioli, Paulo H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Acioli, Paulo H.] NE Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jellinek@anl.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0785 BN 978-0-08-047595-0 J9 CHEM PHYS SOLID SURF PY 2007 VL 12 BP 299 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S1571-0785(07)12007-1 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BCR00 UT WOS:000311050100008 ER PT J AU Quinet, P Biemont, E Palmeri, P Trabert, E AF Quinet, Pascal Biemont, Emile Palmeri, Patrick Trabert, Elmar TI Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock wavelengths and transition rates in the X-ray spectra of highly charged Ga-like ions from Yb39+ to U61+ SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-LIKE IONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; BEAM-FOIL; IN-XIX; MO-XII; RB-VII; TRAP; PROGRAM; KRYPTON; TOKAMAK AB A multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) technique has been used for computing the wavelengths and transition probabilities for lines in the X-ray spectra of the gallium-like ions from Yb XL to U LXII. Results are presented for the 4s(2)4p-4s(2)4d and 4s(2)4p-4s4p(2) allowed transitions (E1) as well as for the forbidden transitions (M1 and E2) within the ground configuration 4s(2)4p. A comparison of the calculated wavelengths with the few experimental results available is also presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Quinet, P (reprint author), Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. EM quinet@umh.ac.be NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 167 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2006.09.001 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 128NO UT WOS:000243664800007 ER PT S AU Bucksbaum, PH AF Bucksbaum, Philip H. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Ultrafast x-ray science at SLAC: Preparing for LCLS SO Atomic Processes in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB Ultrafast lasers (t less than 1 ps) can capture the quantum dynamics of single vibration in a crystal lattice or in a molecule, and they have also been used to view the transient molecular-scale transformations of chemical reactions. Hard x-rays (E greater than I kell) can probe the structure of matter on the length scale of a chemical bond. Until recently, only relatively weak sources based on laser-induced plasma radiation were capable of capturing these ultrafast dynamics and also viewing them on the scale of a single chemical bond. The recent Sub-Picosecond Pulse Source experiment at SLAC was the first instrument based on synchrotron radiation from an undulator that could do both. During its two-year run, its 8 keV, 80 fs x-ray pulses were the brightest ultrafast x-rays ever produced. The planned X-ray free electron laser at SLAC (LCLS) will be far brighter, generating focused x-ray fields as strong as atomic binding fields, comparable to today's highest intensity lasers. These new tools are creating some special opportunities for new science, and also some challenges. I will discuss these, and present recent progress in ultrafast x-ray sources and science. Additional information on the topic of my talk can be found in a recent publication C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bucksbaum, PH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400001 ER PT S AU Glenzer, SH AF Glenzer, S. H. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray Thomson scattering from dense Plasmas SO Atomic Processes in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE plasma diagnostic; dense Plasmas; Thomson scattering ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; METAL PLASMAS; IONIZED-GASES; ELECTRON-GAS; LASER; MATTER; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; EXPANSION; STATE AB X-ray Thomson scattering has been developed for accurate measurements of densities and temperatures in dense plasmas. Experiments with laser-produced x-ray sources have demonstrated Compton scattering and plasmon scattering from isochorically-heated solid-density beryllium plasmas. In these studies, the Ly-alpha or He-alpha radiation from nanosecond laser plasmas has been applied at moderate x-ray energies of E = 3-9 keV sufficient to penetrate through the dense plasma and to avoid intense bremsstrahlung radiation at lower energies. In backscattering geometry, the experiments have accessed the non-collective Compton scattering regime where the spectrum reflects the electron velocity distribution of the plasma, thus providing an accurate measurement of the temperature. In addition to the inelastic Compton scattering feature, the spectra also show elastic (Rayleigh) scattering from tightly bound electrons. The intensity ratio of these features yields the ionization state that has been applied to infer the electron density in isochorically-heated matter. Forward scattering in these conditions have observed plasmons that allow direct and accurate measurements of the electron density from the frequency shift of the plasmon peak from the incident probe energy. The back and forward scattering data are in mutual agreement indicating an electron density of n(e) = 3 x 10(23) cm(-3), which is also consistent with results from radiation hydrodynamic simulations. These findings indicate that x-ray Thomson scattering provides accurate characterization in the previously unexplored regime of high-energy density matter. Future work will explore applications to measure compressibility, collisions, and electronic properties of dense matter. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400003 ER PT S AU Celliers, PM Eggert, JH Hicks, DG Boehly, TR Miller, JE Brygoo, S Loubeyre, P Bradley, DK Mcwilliams, RS Jeanjoz, R Collins, GW AF Celliers, P. M. Eggert, J. H. Hicks, D. G. Boehly, T. R. Miller, J. E. Brygoo, S. Loubeyre, P. Bradley, D. K. Mcwilliams, R. S. Jeanjoz, R. Collins, G. W. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Using laser-driven shocks to study the phase diagrams of low-z materials at mbar pressures and eV temperatures SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB Accurate phase diagrams for simple molecular fluids and solids (H-2, He, H2O, SiO2, and C) and their constituent elements at eV temperatures and pressures up to tens of Mbar are integral to planetary models of the gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune), and the rocky planets. Laboratory experiments at high pressure have, until recently, been limited to around I Mbar. These pressures are usually achieved dynamically with explosives and two-stage light-gas guns, or statically with diamond anvil cells. Current and future high energy laser and pulsed power facilities will be able to produce tens of Mbar pressures in these light element materials. This presentation will describe the capabilities available at current high energy laser facilities to achieve these extreme conditions, and focus on several examples including water, silica, diamond-phase-carbon, helium and hydrogen. Under strong shock compression all of these materials become electronic conductors, and are transformed eventually to dense plasmas. The experiments reveal some details of the nature of this transition. To obtain high pressure data closer to planetary isentropes advanced compression techniques are required. We are developing a promising technique to achieve higher density states: precompression of samples in a static diamond anvil cell followed by laser driven shock compression. This technique and results from the first experiments with it will be described. Details about this topic can be found in some of our previous publications [1-2]. C1 [Celliers, P. M.; Eggert, J. H.; Hicks, D. G.; Brygoo, S.; Bradley, D. K.; Collins, G. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boehly, T. R.; Miller, J. E.] Univ Rochester, Lab Laser Energet, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Brygoo, S.; Loubeyre, P.] CEA, Dept Phys Theor & Applicat, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Mcwilliams, R. S.; Jeanjoz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celliers, PM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; McWilliams, R./J-4358-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [W-7405-ENG-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under contract number W-7405-ENG-48. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400004 ER PT S AU Renaudin, P Lecherbourg, L Blancard, C Cosse, P Faussurier, G Audebert, P Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Geindre, JP Shepherd, R AF Renaudin, P. Lecherbourg, L. Blancard, C. Cosse, P. Faussurier, G. Audebert, P. Bastiani-Ceccotti, S. Geindre, J. -P. Shepherd, R. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray absorption Spectroscopy of thin foils irradiated by an ultra-short laser pulse SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE ultra-short laser; dense plasma; x-ray absorption ID ATOMIC SPECTRA; CONSTRAINED SAMPLES; TRANSITION ARRAYS; PLASMAS; MATTER AB Point-projection K-shell absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure absorption spectra of transient plasma created by an ultra-short laser pulse. The 1s-2p and 1s-3p absorption lines of weakly ionized aluminum and the 2p-3d absorption lines of bromine were measured over an extended range of densities in a low-temperature regime. Independent plasma characterization was obtained using frequency domain interferometry diagnostic (FDI) that allows the interpretation of the absorption spectra in terms of spectral opacities. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, spectral opacity calculations have been performed using the density and temperature inferred from the FDI diagnostic to compare to the measured absorption spectra. A good agreement is obtained when non-equilibrium effects due to non-stationary atomic physics are negligible at the x-ray probe time. C1 [Renaudin, P.; Blancard, C.; Cosse, P.; Faussurier, G.] Ctr DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [Lecherbourg, L.; Audebert, P.; Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Geindre, J. -P.] Universite Paris 6, Ecole Polytech, CNRS CEA UMR 7605, Lab Pour Utilisat Lasers Intense, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Lecherbourg, L.] Univ Quebec, INRS Energ & Mat, Varennes, PQ, Canada. [Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Renaudin, P (reprint author), Ctr DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. FU NSERC FX The authors would like to thank O. Peyrusse for his help in the use of the TRANSPEC/AVERROES code and M. Millerioux (CEA/DAM-Ile-de-France) for making the deposited layer of aluminum. We acknowledge the invaluable support of the LULI laser operations staff. LLNL (Livermore, California) provided the various targets. Partial support for Ludovic Lecherbourg was provided by NSERC. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400006 ER PT S AU Vrinceanu, D AF Vrinceanu, D. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI A theoretical survey of formation of antihydrogen atoms in a Penning trap SO Atomic Processes in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE magnetized plasma; antimatter ID IONIZATION; RECOMBINATION; PLASMAS AB Numerous antihydrogen atoms are created at CERN, by ATRAP[51 and ATHENA[4] experiments, by bringing together positrons and antiprotons in a magnetic Penning trap. Most of these atoms are created in exotic, highly excited states, such that the magnetic forces on positrons are greater than the Coulomb attraction of antiprotons. This paper presents an overview of the recent progress made toward theoretical understanding of the complicated dynamics which leads to the formation and detection of antihydrogen atoms. There is no formal difference between the plasmas described here and normal, electron-proton, matter plasmas, except the reversed sign of electrical charges. The next generation of experiments need to bring the antilrydrogen atoms to the ground state and to cool them to sub-milliKelvin temperature. Only then, high resolution spectroscopy can expose differences between matter and antimatter due to CPT violations. Suggestions are made for possible pathways toward this goal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vrinceanu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400014 ER PT S AU Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Abdallah, J Streufert, B AF Colgan, J. Fontes, C. J. Abdallah, J., Jr. Streufert, B. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Recent developments in the modeling of dense plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS AB Recent experiments using intense laser pulses on thin targets have produced spectra in which it has been speculated that certain features are due to multiple ionization or recombination events [1, 2]. To explore this possibility, the rate coefficients for collisional double ionization and its inverse process, four-body recombination, have been added to the collisional rate matrix computed within the Los Alamos plasma kinetics code ATOMIC. The collisional double ionization cross sections are obtained from semi-empirical fits to experimental measurements, and the corresponding four-body recombination rates are derived from detailed-balance considerations. We have examined emission spectra produced from solving the coupled rate equations, including the double ionization and four-body recombination rate coefficients, for an Ar plasma in which various fractions of hot electrons are present. We have also explored the sensitivity of our results to the approximations made for the ionization cross sections used in our calculations. We find that inclusion of these multiple electron effects can make appreciable differences to the average ionization stage of the plasma and the resulting emission spectra at moderately high electron densities, but is strongly dependent on the form of the differential cross sections used in our model. C1 [Colgan, J.; Abdallah, J., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Streufert, B.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22192 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 180 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400027 ER PT S AU Bannister, ME Aliabadi, H Bahati, EM Fogle, MR Krstic, P Vane, CR Ehlerding, A Geppert, W Hellberg, F Zhaunerchyk, V Larsson, M Thomas, RD AF Bannister, M. E. Aliabadi, H. Bahati, E. M. Fogle, M. R. Krstic, P. Vane, C. R. Ehlerding, A. Geppert, W. Hellberg, F. Zhaunerchyk, V. Larsson, M. Thomas, R. D. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Experiments on interactions of electrons with molecular ions in fusion and astrophysical plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE dissociation; ion recombination ID DISSOCIATIVE-RECOMBINATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT DISSOCIATION; BRANCHING RATIOS; STORAGE-RING; POLYATOMIC IONS; MERGED-BEAMS; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; IMPURITIES AB Through beam-beam experiments at the Multicharged Ion Research Facility (MIRF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and at the CRYRING heavy ion storage ring at Stockholm University, we are seeking to formulate a more complete picture of electron-impact dissociation of molecular ions. These inelastic collisions play important roles in many low temperature plasmas such as in divertors of fusion devices and in astrophysical environments. An electron-ion crossed beams experiment at ORNL investigates the dissociative excitation and dissociative ionization of molecular ions from a few eV up to 100 eV Measurements on dissociative recombination (DR) experiments are made at CRYRING, where chemical branching fractions and fragmentation dynamics are studied. Taking advantage of a 250-kV acceleration platform at the MIRF, a merged electron-ion beams energy loss apparatus is employed to study DR down to zero energy. Recent results on the dissociation of molecular ions of importance in fusion and astrophysics are presented. C1 [Vane, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thomas, R. D.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bannister, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05- 00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC; Swedish Research Council; EMB MRF FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC05- 00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and by the Swedish Research Council. EMB MRF, and HA gratefully acknowledge support from the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 197 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400029 ER PT S AU Jones, B Deeney, C Meyer, CJ Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Peterson, KJ AF Jones, B. Deeney, C. Meyer, C. J. Coverdale, C. A. LePell, P. D. Apruzese, J. P. Clark, R. W. Davis, J. Peterson, K. J. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Monochromatic soft X-ray self-emission imaging in dense Z pinches SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE x-ray imaging; plasma diagnostics; wire array Z pinch; multilayer mirror ID Z-ACCELERATOR; PLASMAS; ALUMINUM AB The Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories drives 20 MA in 100 ns through a cylindrical array of fine wires which implodes due to the strong j x B force, generating up to 250 TW of soft x-ray radiation when the z-pinch plasma stagnates on axis. The copious broadband self-emission makes the dynamics of the implosion well suited to diagnosis with soft x-ray imaging and spectroscopy. A monochromatic self-emission imaging instrument has recently been developed on Z which reflects pinhole images from a multilayer mirror onto a I ns gated microchannel plate detector. The multilayer can be designed to provide narrowband (similar to 10 eV) reflection in the 100-700 eV photon energy range, allowing observation of the soft emission from acereting mass as it assembles into a hot, dense plasma column on the array axis. In the present instrument configuration, data at 277 eV photon energy have been obtained for plasmas ranging from Al to W, and the z-pinch implosion and stagnation will be discussed along with > I keV self-emission imaging and spectroscopy. Collisional-radiative simulations are currently being pursued in order to link the imaged emissivity to plasma temperature and density profiles and address the role of opacity in interpreting the data. C1 [Jones, B.; Deeney, C.; Coverdale, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Meyer, C. J.; LePell, P. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, C.] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Apruzese, J. P.; Clark, R. W.; Davis, J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0450518] FX This material is partly based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMI-0450518. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 229 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400032 ER PT S AU Welser-Sherrill, L Haynes, DA Mancini, RC Cooley, JH Haan, SW Golovkin, IE AF Welser-Sherrill, L. Haynes, D. A. Mancini, R. C. Cooley, J. H. Haan, S. W. Golovkin, I. E. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Inference of mix from experimental data and theoretical mix models SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE inertial confinement fusion; X-ray spectroscopy; mix models AB The mixing between fuel and shell materials in Inertial Confinement Fusion implosion cores is a topic of great interest. Mixing due to hydrodynamic instabilities can affect implosion dynamics and could also go so far as to prevent ignition. We have demonstrated that it is possible to extract information on mixing directly from experimental data using spectroscopic arguments. In order to compare this data-driven analysis to a theoretical framework, two independent mix models, Youngs' phenomenological model and the Haan saturation model, have been implemented in conjunction with a series of clean hydrodynamic simulations that model the experiments. The first tests of these methods were carried out based on a set of indirect drive implosions at the OMEGA laser. We now focus on direct drive experiments, and endeavor to approach the problem firom another perspective. In the current works we use Youngs' and Haan's mix models in conjunction with hydrodynamic simulations in order to design experimental platforms that exhibit measurably different levels of mix. Once the experiments are completed based on these designs, the results of a data-driven mix analysis will be compared to the levels of mix predicted by the simulations. In this way, we aim to increase our confidence in the methods used to extract mixing information from the experimental data, as well as to study sensitivities and the range of validity of the mix models. C1 [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Haynes, D. A.; Cooley, J. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Haan, S. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Golovkin, I. E.] Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Welser-Sherrill, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU DOE NLUF [DE-FG52-05NA-26012, DEFG52-07NA-28062]; NNSA Campaign 10 FX This work was supported by DOE NLUF grants DE-FG52-05NA-26012 and DEFG52-07NA-28062, and by NNSA Campaign 10. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 238 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400033 ER PT S AU Tommasini, R Park, HS Patel, P Maddox, B Le Pape, S Hatchett, SP Remington, BA Key, MH Izumi, N Tabak, M Koch, JA Landen, OL Hey, D MacKinnon, A Seely, J Holland, G Hudson, L Szabo, C AF Tommasini, Riccardo Park, Hye-Sook Patel, Prav Maddox, Brian Le Pape, Sebastien Hatchett, Stephen P. Remington, Bruce A. Key, Michael H. Izumi, Nobuhiko Tabak, Max Koch, Jeffrey A. Landen, Otto L. Hey, Dan MacKinnon, Andy Seely, John Holland, Glenn Hudson, Larry Szabo, Csilla BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Development of Compton radiography using high-Z backlighters produced by ultra-intense lasers SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE laser-plasma interaction; hard x-rays; x-ray spectroscopy; radiography ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB High-energy x-ray backlighters will be valuable for radiography experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and for radiography of imploded inertial confinement fusion cores using Compton scattering to observe cold, dense plasma. Key considerations are the available backlight brightness, and the backlight size. To quantify these parameters we have characterized the emission from low- and high-Z planar foils irradiated by intense picosecond and ferntosecond laser pulses from the TITAN laser facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Spectra generated by a sequence of elements from Mo to Pb, spanning the x-ray energy range from 17 keV to 75 keV, have been recorded using a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) in single hit regime and a Dual Crystal Spectrometer (DCS). High-resolution pointprojection 2D radiographs have also been recorded on Fuji BaFBr:Eu-2 image plates using calibrated resolution grids. We discuss the results in light of the requirements for applications at NIF. C1 [Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seely, John; Holland, Glenn] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Hudson, Larry; Szabo, Csilla] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 248 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400034 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Kim, HY DesJardin, PE Hewson, JC Tieszen, SR Blanchat, TK AF Yoon, Sam S. Kim, Ho Young DesJardin, Paul E. Hewson, John C. Tieszen, Sheldon R. Blanchat, Thomas K. TI Unsteady RANS modeling of water-spray suppression for large-scale compartment pool fires SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; NON-PREMIXED FLAMES; MIST SUPPRESSION; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; SPRINKLER INTERACTION; COLLISION MODEL; FINE DROPLETS; SMOKE LAYER; EXTINCTION; FIELD AB This paper presents a computational study of the effect of water-spray characteristics on the suppression of a large-scale (2 m x 2 m) JP-8 pool fire in a 10 m x 10 m x 10 m compartment with an open ceiling. The numerical model is based on an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation using a stochastic separated flow approach for the droplets that includes detailed descriptions of the interaction between water droplets and fire plume. Simulation results indicate that water-spray injection causes the gas temperature to rise due to the initial enhancement of the turbulent mixing. A threshold suppression condition is achieved when the injected droplet carries enough momentum (injection speed range is 20-80 m/s) to penetrate the fire plume and evaporate in the flame regions where most of the gas-phase combustion is taking place. In addition, the droplet size (ranging from 100-800 mu m) should be small enough to yield quick evaporation when in contact with the flame surface for efficient cooling. Based on a parametric study, a preferred fire suppression configuration is recommended for the systems considered. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Seoul 136701, South Korea. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM skyoon@korea.ac.kr NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v17.i1.10 PG 45 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 152PU UT WOS:000245374900001 ER PT J AU Milham, PJ Payne, TE Lai, B Trautman, RL Cai, Z Holford, P Haigh, AM Conroy, JP AF Milham, Paul J. Payne, Timothy E. Lai, Barry Trautman, Rachael L. Cai, Zhonghou Holford, Paul Haigh, Anthony M. Conroy, Jann P. TI Can synchrotron micro-x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy be used to map the distribution of cadmium in soil particles? SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron; copper; zinc; potassium; lead ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; VARIABILITY; ISOTHERMS; SYDNEY; FIELD; CD AB Plants take up cadmium (Cd) from the soil, and the concentration of Cd in some plant products is a health concern. Plant uptake of Cd is poorly predicted by its concentration in soils; consequently, there is interest in the binding and distribution of Cd in soil. Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (micro-XRFS) is the most sensitive method of observing this distribution. We used beam-line 2-ID-D of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne, to test whether this technique could map the Cd distribution in 5 soils from Greater Sydney that contained 0.3-6.4 mg Cd/kg. A subsample of one soil was spiked to contain similar to 100 mg Cd/kg. Cadmium was readily mapped in the Cd-enriched subsample, whereas in the unamended soils, only one Cd-rich particle was found; that is, sensitivity generally limited Cd mapping. We also examined a sample of Nauru phosphorite, which was a primary source of much of the Cd in farm soils on the peri-urban fringe of Greater Sydney. The phosphorite contained similar to 100 mg Cd/kg and the Cd was relatively uniformly distributed, supporting the findings of an earlier study on an apatite from Africa. The micro-XRFS at beam-line 2-ID-D of the APS can be reconfigured to increase the sensitivity at least 10-fold, which may allow the distribution of Cd and its elemental associations to be mapped in particles of most agricultural soils and facilitate other spectroscopic investigations. C1 NSW Dept Primary Ind, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Sydney, NSW 1797, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Milham, PJ (reprint author), NSW Dept Primary Ind, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. EM paul.milham@dpi.nsw.gov.au RI Payne, Timothy/F-2545-2010; Holford, Paul/G-2820-2010; Haigh, Anthony/L-3647-2016 OI Payne, Timothy/0000-0002-3502-7567; Haigh, Anthony/0000-0001-7114-4616 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9573 J9 AUST J SOIL RES JI Aust. J. Soil Res. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 624 EP 628 DI 10.1071/SR06179 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 238DQ UT WOS:000251427900007 ER PT J AU Werner, K Jahn, D Rauch, T Reiff, E Herwig, F Kruk, JW AF Werner, K. Jahn, D. Rauch, T. Reiff, E. Herwig, F. Kruk, J. W. TI AGB star intershell abundances inferred from extremely hot H-deficient post-AGB stars SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Evolution and Chemistry of Symbiotic Stars, Binary Post-AGB and Related Objects CY AUG 28-30, 2006 CL Wierzba, POLAND SP Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, LEA Astro PF DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances AB The hydrogen-deficiency in extremely hot post-AGB stars of spectral class PG 1159 is probably caused by a (very) late helium-shell flash or a AGB final thermal pulse that consumed the hydrogen envelope, exposing the usually-hidden intershell region. Thus, the photospheric elemental abundances of these stars allow us to draw conclusions about details of nuclear burning and mixing processes in the precursor AGB stars. We compare the observed and predicted elemental abundances. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement is found for many species (He, C, N, O, Ne, F, Si) but discrepancies for others (P, S, Fe) point at shortcomings in stellar evolution models for AGB stars. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Werner, K (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Kruk, Jeffrey/G-4047-2012 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 142 EP 144 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 159RL UT WOS:000245883900034 ER PT J AU Short, MB Higdon, DM Kronberg, PP AF Short, Margaret B. Higdon, David M. Kronberg, Philipp P. TI Estimation of Faraday Rotation Measures of the Near Galactic Sky Using Gaussian Process Models SO BAYESIAN ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Markov chain Monte Carlo; Gaussian process; error mixture model; spatial model AB Our primary goal is to obtain a smoothed summary estimate of the magnetic field generated in and near to the Milky Way by using Faraday rotation measures (RM's). Each RM in our data set provides an integrated measure of the effect of the magnetic field along the entire line of sight to an extragalactic radio source. The ability to estimate the magnetic field generated locally by our galaxy and its environs will help astronomers distinguish local versus distant properties of the universe. RM's can be considered analogous to geostatistical data on a sphere. In order to model such data, we employ a Bayesian process convolution approach which uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for estimation and prediction. Complications arise due to contamination in the RM measurements, and we resolve these by means of a mixture prior on the errors. C1 [Short, Margaret B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Higdon, David M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kronberg, Philipp P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Short, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffmbs1@uaf.edu; dhigdon@lanl.gov; kronberg@lanl.gov FU DOE; UAF; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The work of the first author was supported by DOE and UAF. The work of the second author was supported by DOE. The work of the third author was supported by DOE and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors are grateful for helpful comments provided by the reviewers. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC BAYESIAN ANALYSIS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT STTISTICS, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 1931-6690 J9 BAYESIAN ANAL JI Bayesian Anal. PY 2007 VL 2 IS 4 BP 665 EP 680 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V10HI UT WOS:000207454700002 ER PT S AU Wallstrom, TC AF Wallstrom, Timothy C. BE Knuth, KH Caticha, A Giffin, A Rodriguez, CC Center, JL TI The marginalization paradox and the formal Bayes' law SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Univ Albany, MaxEnt Workshops Inc DE marginalization paradox; objective Bayes; logical Bayes; improper priors; maximum entropy ID POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE; CONVERGENCE; PROBABILITY; PRIORS AB It has recently been shown that the marginalization paradox (MP) can be resolved by interpreting improper inferences as probability limits. The key to the resolution is that probability limits need not satisfy the formal Bayes' law, which is used in the MP to deduce an inconsistency. In this paper, I explore the differences between probability limits and the more familiar pointwise limits, which do imply the formal Bayes' law, and show how these differences underlie some key differences in the interpretation of the MP. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Wallstrom, Timothy/0000-0002-9295-2441 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0468-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 954 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Mathematics; Physics GA BGY63 UT WOS:000251381000009 ER PT S AU Jones, CS Finn, JM Hengartner, N AF Jones, Christopher S. Finn, John M. Hengartner, Nicolas BE Knuth, KH Caticha, A Giffin, A Rodriguez, CC Center, JL TI Strong nonlinear correlations, conditional entropy and perfect estimation SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Univ Albany, MaxEnt Workshops Inc DE nonlinear correlations; perfect estimation ID INFORMATION AB This paper deals with parameter estimation in which measurements subjected to highly correlated noise allow for very accurate estimation. For linear regression with normally distributed noise, this generically occurs when the noise becomes highly linearly correlated. For a linear model with nonnormal noise distributions, there may exist nonlinear regressions that allow for accurate estimation if a conditional entropy is small (analogous to linear correlations in the normal case approaching +/-1.) Nonlinear regression may also yield an accurate estimate if a nonlinear model is subjected to strongly linearly correlated noise. C1 [Jones, Christopher S.] ID Analyt, San Diego, CA USA. [Jones, Christopher S.; Finn, John M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hengartner, Nicolas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, CS (reprint author), ID Analyt, San Diego, CA USA. OI Hengartner, Nicolas/0000-0002-4157-134X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0468-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 954 BP 293 EP + PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Mathematics; Physics GA BGY63 UT WOS:000251381000032 ER PT S AU Hanson, KM AF Hanson, Kenneth M. BE Knuth, KH Caticha, A Giffin, A Rodriguez, CC Center, JL TI Lessons about likelihood functions from nuclear physics SO BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Saratoga Springs, NY SP Boise State Univ, Edwin T Jaynes Int Ctr Bayesian Methods & Maximum Entropy, Univ Albany, MaxEnt Workshops Inc DE likelihood; Student t distribution; long-tailed likelihood functions; systematic uncertainty; inconsistent data; outliers; robust analysis; least-squares analysis AB Least-squares data analysis is based on the assumption that the normal (Gaussian) distribution appropriately characterizes the likelihood, that is, the conditional probability of each measurement d, given ameasured quantity y, p(d/y). On the other hand, there is ample evidence in nuclear physics of significant disagreements among measurements, which are inconsistent with the normal distribution, given their stated uncertainties. In this study the histories of 99 measurements of the lifetimes of five elementary particles are examined to determine what can be inferred about the distribution of their values relative to their stated uncertainties. Taken as a whole, the variations in die data are somewhat larger than their quoted uncertainties would indicate. These data strongly support using a Student t distribution for the likelihood function instead of a normal. The most probable value for the order of the t distribution is 2.6 +/- 0.9. It is shown that analyses based on long-tailed t-distribution likelihoods gracefully cope with outlying data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kmh@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0468-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 954 BP 458 EP 467 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Mathematics; Physics GA BGY63 UT WOS:000251381000052 ER PT S AU Robbins, J Khraishi, TA Chaplya, PM AF Robbins, Joshua Khraishi, Tariq A. Chaplya, Pavel M. BE Dapino, MJ TI Microstructural modeling of ferroic switching and phase transitions in PZT - art. no. 652607 SO Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials 2007 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional and Composite Materials CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; COMPRESSION; STRESS AB Niobium doped Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) with a Zr/Ti ratio of 95/5 (i.e., PZT 95/5-2Nb) is a ferroelectric with a rhombohedral structure at room temperature. A crystal (or a subdomain within a crystal) exhibits a spontaneous polarization in any one of eight crystallographically equivalent directions. Such a material becomes polarized when subjected to a large electric field. When the electric field is removed, a remanent polarization remains and a bound charge is stored. A displacive phase transition from a rhombohedral ferroelectric phase to an orthorhombic anti-ferroelectric phase can be induced with the application of a mechanical load. When this occurs, the material becomes depoled and the bound charge is released. The polycrystalline character of PZT 95/5-2Nb leads to highly non-uniform fields at the grain scale. These local fields lead to very complex material behavior during mechanical depoling that has important implications to device design and performance. This paper presents a microstructurally based numerical model that describes the 3D non-linear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics. The model resolves the structure of polycrystals directly in the topology of the problem domain and uses the extended finite element method (X-FEM) to solve the governing equations of electromechanics. The material response is computed from anisotropic single crystal constants and the volume fractions of the various polarization variants (i.e., three variants for rhombohedral anti-ferroelectric and eight for rhomobohedral ferroelectric ceramic). Evolution of the variant volume fractions is governed by the minimization of internally stored energy and accounts for ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain switching and phase transitions in response to the applied loads. The developed model is used to examine hydrostatic depoling in PZT 95/5-2Nb. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Robbins, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6647-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6526 BP 52607 EP 52607 AR 652607 DI 10.1117/12.715159 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BGK77 UT WOS:000248062300003 ER PT J AU Kausaite, A van Dijk, M Castrop, J Ramanaviciene, A Baltrus, JP Acaite, J Ramanavicius, A AF Kausaite, Asta van Dijk, Martijn Castrop, Jan Ramanaviciene, Almira Baltrus, John P. Acaite, Juzefa Ramanavicius, Arunas TI Surface plasmon resonance label-free monitoring of antibody antigen interactions in real time SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE biosensor; bioanalytical chemistry; surface plasmon resonance; SPR; antibody; antigen; education ID BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN; DATALOGGER; COMPLEXES; BINDING; SYSTEM AB Detection of biologically active compounds is one of the most important topics in molecular biology and biochemistry. One of the most promising detection methods is based on the application of surface plasmon resonance for label-free detection of biologically active compounds. This method allows one to monitor binding events in real time without labeling. The system can therefore be used to determine both affinity and rate constants for interactions between various types of molecules. Here, we describe the application of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor for label-free investigation of the interaction between an immobilized antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antibody rabbit anti-cow albumin IgG1 (anti-BSA). The formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) over a gold surface is introduced into this laboratory training protocol as an effective immobilization method, which is very promising in biosensing systems based on detection of affinity interactions. In the next step, covalent attachment via artificially formed amide bonds is applied for the immobilization of proteins on the formed SAM surface. These experiments provide suitable experience for postgraduate students to help them understand immobilization of biologically active materials via SAMs, fundamentals of surface plasmon resonance biosensor applications, and determination of non-covalent biornolecular interactions. The experiment is designed for master and/or Ph.D. students. In some particular cases, this protocol might be adoptable for bachelor students that already have completed an extended biochemistry program that included a background in immunology. C1 Vilnius State Univ, Inst Immunol, Lab Immunoanal & Nanotechnol, LT-08409 Vilnius 21, Lithuania. Vilnius State Univ, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania. Eco Chem BV, NL-3526 KM Utrecht, Netherlands. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Ramanavicius, A (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Immunol, Lab Immunoanal & Nanotechnol, Moletu Pl 29, LT-08409 Vilnius 21, Lithuania. EM arunas@imi.lt RI Ramanavicius, Arunas/M-6352-2014 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1470-8175 J9 BIOCHEM MOL BIOL EDU JI Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1002/bmb.22 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Education & Educational Research GA 147XY UT WOS:000245040300010 PM 21591057 ER PT J AU Hickey, JD Heller, L Heller, R Gilbert, R AF Hickey, Joseph D. Heller, Loree Heller, Richard Gilbert, Richard TI Electric field mediated DNA motion model SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics/3rd Spring Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY JUN 19-24, 2005 CL Coimbra, PORTUGAL SP Bioelectrochem Soc, Int Soc Electrochem DE electrophoresis; drug and gene delivery; computationally efficient simulation ID IN-VIVO ELECTROPORATION AB Understanding the motion and the governing equations of a molecule's path in tissue is an ultimate requirement for the repeatable, site specific delivery of molecules [Joseph D. Hickey. Modelling the Motion of Ions and Molecules in Electroporation and Electrophoresis Field Conditions. University of South Florida, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Tampa, Florida, 2003., Joseph D. Hickey and Richard Gilbert. Modeling the electromobility of ions in a target tissue. DNA and Cell Biology, 22 (12) (2003) 823-828.]. This paper describes a computationally efficient mathematical model and simulation technique for the examination of DNA fragments in a 1% agarose gel. The speed of the individual DNA fragments through the agarose gel was described through two parts. The maximum velocity was calculated using the Coulombic force divided by Stoke's law and that value was retarded by an exponential rate equation. The simulation utilizes previously published techniques modified for this specific application [Joseph D. Hickey and Richard Gilbert. Fluid flow electrophoresis model. Bioelectrochemistry, 63 (2) (2004) 365-367., Joseph D. Hickey and Richard Gilbert. Modeling the electromobility of ions in a target tissue. DNA and Cell Biology, 22 (12) (2003) 823-828.]. Five representative DNA fragment sizes that span the resolution of a 1% agarose gel were chosen for this analysis. The speeds corresponding to these five DNA fragment sizes were converted into discrete values and used in a 50 step simulation. The resultant error comparing the simulation with experimental distance was 7.76%. Through a 1-D optimization procedure, this error was reduced to 3.02% for a 52 step simulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ S Florida, Ctr Mol Delivery, USF, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Hickey, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,Mailstop E535, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hickey@eng.usf.edu RI Heller, Richard/I-6605-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.03.007 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA 129DM UT WOS:000243708600019 PM 16714149 ER PT J AU Celniker, SE Drewell, RA AF Celniker, Susan E. Drewell, Robert A. TI Chromatin looping mediates boundary element promoter interactions SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA BITHORAX COMPLEX; RESPONSE ELEMENTS; TRANSCRIPTION; SEQUENCE; DNA; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; SEGMENTATION; PROTEINS; BINDING AB One facet of the control of gene expression is long-range promoter regulation by distant enhancers. It is an important component of the regulation of genes that control metazoan development and has been appreciated for some time but the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation have remained poorly understood. A recent study by Cleard and colleagues((1)) reports the first in vivo evidence of chromatin looping and boundary element promoter interaction. Specifically, they studied the function of a boundary element within the cis-regulatory region of the Abdorninal-B (Abd-B) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Celniker, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM celniker@bdgp.lbl.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JAN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1002/bies.20520 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 123ZP UT WOS:000243336700002 PM 17187351 ER PT J AU Loots, G Ovcharenko, I AF Loots, Gabriela Ovcharenko, Ivan TI ECRbase: database of evolutionary conserved regions, promoters, and transcription factor binding sites in vertebrate genomes SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; IDENTIFICATION; HUMANS AB Motivation: Evolutionary conservation of DNA sequences provides a tool for the identification of functional elements in genomes. We have created a database of evolutionary conserved regions (ECRs) in vertebrate genomes, entitled ECRbase, which is constructed from a collection of whole-genome alignments produced by the ECR Browser. ECRbase features a database of syntenic blocks that recapitulate the evolution of rearrangements in vertebrates and a comprehensive collection of promoters in all vertebrate genomes generated using multiple sources of gene annotation. The database also contains a collection of annotated transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in evolutionary conserved and promoter elements. ECRbase currently includes human, rhesus macaque, dog, opossum, rat, mouse, chicken, frog, zebrafish and fugu genomes. It is freely accessible at http://ecrbase.dcode.org. C1 CMLS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ovcharenko, I (reprint author), CMLS, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ovcharenko1@llnl.gov RI Phelps, Steve/H-2263-2011; OI Loots, Gabriela/0000-0001-9546-5561 NR 16 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl546 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 120CD UT WOS:000243060300019 PM 17090579 ER PT J AU Brown, K Cloud, J Schultz, I Nagler, J AF Brown, Kim Cloud, Joseph Schultz, Irvin Nagler, James TI In vivo exposure to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol causes aneuploid sperm formation in male rainbow trout. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 21-25, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. PNNL, Sequim, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2007 SI SI BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 189QB UT WOS:000248002500057 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Dublin, SN Taylor, J Bates, DJ Burns, L Apkarian, R DiChristina, TJ AF Neal, Andrew L. Dublin, Steven N. Taylor, Jeanette Bates, David J. Burns, Justin L. Apkarian, Robert DiChristina, Thomas J. TI Terminal electron acceptors influence the quantity and chemical composition of capsular exopolymers produced by anaerobically growing Shewanella spp. SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SOFT-PARTICLE; PUTREFACIENS; STRAIN; POLYSACCHARIDE; ONEIDENSIS; BACTERIUM; COPPER; REDUCTION; MANGANESE AB Bacterial exopolymers perform various roles, including acting as a carbon sink, a protective layer against desiccation or antimicrobial agents, or a structural matrix in biofilms. Despite such varied roles, little is known about the heterogeneity of bacterial exopolymer production under varying growth conditions. Here we describe experiments designed to characterize the quantity and quality of exopolymers produced by two commonly studied members of the widely distributed genus Shewanella. Electrokinetic, spectroscopic, and electron microscopic techniques were employed to demonstrate that cell surfaces of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (electrophoretic softness, lambda(-1), range from 0.4 to 2.6 nm) are associated with less extracellular polymeric material than surfaces of Shewanella putrefaciens 200R (lambda(-1) range from 1.6 to 3.0 nm). Both species exhibit similar responses to changes in electron acceptor with nitrate- and fumarate-grown cells producing relatively little exopolymer compared to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-grown cells. In S. oneidensis, the increase in exopolymers has no apparent effect upon cell-surface fixed charge density (-7.7 to -8.7 mM), but for S. putrefaciens a significant drop in fixed charge density is observed between fumarate/nitrate-grown cells (-43 mM) and TMAO-grown cells (-20.8 mM). For both species, exopolymers produced during growth on TMAO have significant amide functionality, increasing from approximately 20-25% of C-containing moieties in nitrate-grown cells to over 30% for TMAO-grown cells (determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The increased exopolymer layer associated with TMAO-grown cells appears as a continuous, convoluted layer covering the entire cell surface when viewed by low-temperature, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Such significant changes in cell-surface architecture, dependent upon the electron acceptor used for growth, are likely to influence a variety of cell interactions, including aggregation and attachment to surfaces, and the binding of aqueous metal species. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Emory Univ, Integrated Microscopy & Microanalyt Facil, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Neal, AL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM neal@srel.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1021/bm060826e PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 123ZX UT WOS:000243337600023 PM 17206803 ER PT B AU Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS Chao, DL Davenport, MP AF Ribeiro, Ruy M. Perelson, Alan S. Chao, Dennis L. Davenport, Miles P. BE Mondaini, RP Dilao, R TI HIV EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE IMPACT OF NONSTERILIZING VACCINES SO BIOMAT 2006 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology (BIOMAT 2006) CY NOV 27-30, 2006 CL Manaus, BRAZIL ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SAN-FRANCISCO; IN-VIVO; GENETIC-VARIATION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of the most severe pandemic that the world has ever seen. In 2005, there were 40 million people living with this infection and 2.8 million people died, the vast majority in the 15-49 age group. Altogether, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition that follows from HIV infection and leaves the host unable to fight infectious challenges, has resulted in over 25 million deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, the spread of this disease continues at a fast pace, and the best hope for any successful intervention is the development of a vaccine against this virus. However, studies and trials of HIV vaccines in animal models suggest that it is difficult to induce complete protection from infection ('sterilizing immunity'), and it may only be possible to reduce viral load and to slow or prevent disease progression following infection. What would be the effect of such vaccine on the spread of the epidemic? We have developed an age-structured epidemiological model of the effects of a disease modifying HIV vaccine that incorporates intra host dynamics of infection (transmission rate and host mortality that depend on viral load), the possible evolution and transmission of vaccine escape mutant virus, a finite duration of vaccine protection, and possible changes in sexual behavior. Using this model we investigate the long-term outcome of a disease modifying vaccine and utilize uncertainty analysis to quantify the effects of our lack of precise knowledge of various parameters. C1 [Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ruy@lanl.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-768-0 PY 2007 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1142/9789812708779_0005 PG 20 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BIP52 UT WOS:000261596200005 ER PT J AU Kim, D Debusschere, BJ Najm, HN AF Kim, D. Debusschere, B. J. Najm, H. N. TI Spectral methods for parametric sensitivity in stochastic dynamical systems SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY REACTING SYSTEMS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; PROJECTION METHOD; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FLUID-FLOW; SIMULATION; KINETICS; BIFURCATION; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS AB Stochastic dynamical systems governed by the chemical master equation find use in the modeling of biological phenomena in cells, where they provide more accurate representations than their deterministic counterparts, particularly when the levels of molecular population are small. The analysis of parametric sensitivity in such systems requires appropriate methods to capture the sensitivity of the system dynamics with respect to variations of the parameters amid the noise from inherent internal stochastic effects. We use spectral polynomial chaos expansions to represent statistics of the system dynamics as polynomial functions of the model parameters. These expansions capture the nonlinear behavior of the system statistics as a result of finite-sized parametric perturbations. We obtain the normalized sensitivity coefficients by taking the derivative of this functional representation with respect to the parameters. We apply this method in two stochastic dynamical systems exhibiting bimodal behavior, including a biologically relevant viral infection model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Debusschere, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM bjdebus@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.085084 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 121AU UT WOS:000243129800006 PM 17085489 ER PT J AU Shelnutt, JA Wang, ZC Wang, HR Song, YJ Qiu, Y Medforth, CJ AF Shelnutt, John A. Wang, Zhongchun Wang, Haorong Song, Yujiang Qiu, Yan Medforth, Craig J. TI Self-assembled porphyrin nanostructures and nanodevices SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 7A EP 7A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400029 ER PT J AU Ravula, SK Taylor, KM Lidke, DS Oliver, JM James, CD Brener, I AF Ravula, Surendra K. Taylor, Kimberly M. Lidke, Diane S. Oliver, Janet M. James, Conrad D. Brener, Igal TI A microfabricated flow cytometry system for optical detection of cellular parameters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Brener, Igal/G-1070-2010 OI Brener, Igal/0000-0002-2139-5182 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 29A EP 29A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400129 ER PT J AU Varma, S Rempe, S AF Varma, Sameer Rempe, Susan TI Tuning ion coordination preferences to enable selective permeation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 34A EP 34A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400150 ER PT J AU Xie, KF Lindely, SM Soars, A Kielkopf, CL AF Xie, Kefang Lindely, Sabina M. Soars, Alexei Kielkopf, Clara L. TI Mechanism of redox-sensing by the transcriptional repressor, T-Rex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS Beamline X12B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 44A EP 44A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400198 ER PT J AU Mandell, KE Welp, U AF Mandell, Kathleen E. Welp, Ulrich TI Biomolecular analysis with miniature calorimeter SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Beloit Coll, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 47A EP 47A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400213 ER PT J AU Yu, CH Parthasarathy, R Groves, JT AF Yu, Cheng-han Parthasarathy, Raghuveer Groves, Jay T. TI Controlling membrane curvatures: A new approach to study biological signals SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Phys Biosci & Mat Sci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI Wunder, Stephanie/B-5066-2012; Zdilla, Michael/B-4145-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400283 ER PT J AU Andrews, NL Lidke, KA Wilson, BS Oliver, JM AF Andrews, Nicholas L. Lidke, Keith A. Wilson, Bridget S. Oliver, Janet M. TI Fc epsilon RI diffusional dynamics measured by single quantum dot tracking in resting and activated cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 92A EP 92A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400428 ER PT J AU Law, RJ Munson, K Lightstone, FC Sachs, G AF Law, Richard J. Munson, Keith Lightstone, Felice C. Sachs, George TI Understanding the mechanism of gastric H,K-ATPase and designing new ant-acid drugs SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 143A EP 144A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400662 ER PT J AU Pingali, SV Liang, Y Liu, P Childers, SW Lu, K Lynn, DG Thiyagarajan, P AF Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Liang, Yan Liu, Peng Childers, Seth W. Lu, Kun Lynn, David G. Thiyagarajan, Pappanan TI Factors influencing the self assembly of amyloid congeners SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 161A EP 161A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400749 ER PT J AU Shuai, JW Pearson, JE Parker, I AF Shuai, Jianwei Pearson, John E. Parker, Ian TI Modeling the kinetics of single and clustered IP3 receptors SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc ID INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Shuai, Jianwei/G-3371-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 186A EP 186A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401061 ER PT J AU Ming, D Wall, M AF Ming, Dengming Wall, Michael TI Proteins resemble structural glasses: a computational analysis of vibrational free energies of protein inherent structures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 207A EP 207A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401161 ER PT J AU Agarwal, PK AF Agarwal, Pratul K. TI Intrinsic protein dynamics and enzyme rate-enhancement: An integrated view of enzyme structure, dynamics and function SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 213A EP 213A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401194 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y McEwen, AE Crothers, DM Levene, SD AF Zhang, Yongli McEwen, Abbye E. Crothers, Donald M. Levene, Stephen D. TI Analysis of in-vivo LacR-mediated gene repression based on the mechanics of DNA looping SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RI Levene, Stephen/G-3100-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 232A EP 232A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401294 ER PT J AU Miller, C Strongin, B Majewski, J Singh, BR Busath, DD AF Miller, Chad Strongin, Bradley Majewski, Jarek Singh, Bal Ram Busath, David D. TI Constant-pressure expansion of lipid-ganglioside monolayer by botulinum neurotoxin serotype A: does pH or dithiothreitol have more impact? SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 252A EP 252A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401386 ER PT J AU Bekyarova, TI Baumann, BAJ Ward, AB Reedy, MC Gore, D Irving, TC Pahl, R Reedy, MK AF Bekyarova, Tanya I. Baumann, Bruce A. J. Ward, Andrew B. Reedy, Mary C. Gore, David Irving, Thomas C. Pahl, Reinhard Reedy, Michael K. TI Effects of dose rate, cooling and freezing on synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns from relaxed lethocerus insect flight muscle (IFM) SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. BioCAT APS, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 297A EP 297A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401590 ER PT J AU Piazzesi, G Fusi, L Linari, M Reconditi, M Brunello, E Stewart, A Irving, T Irving, M Lombardi, V AF Piazzesi, Gabriella Fusi, Luca Linari, Marco Reconditi, Massimo Brunello, Elisabetta Stewart, Alex Irving, Tom Irving, Malcolm Lombardi, Vincenzo TI Mechanical and structural aspects of the response of active muscle to sudden increase in load SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Dexela Ltd, London, England. Biocat, APS, Argonne, IL USA. Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 300A EP 300A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401604 ER PT J AU Hjelm, RP Stone, DB Fletterick, RJ Mendelson, RA AF Hjelm, Rex P. Stone, Deborah Bennett Fletterick, Robert J. Mendelson, Robert A. TI Conformational changes of cellular motors during movement along microtubules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 308A EP 308A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401643 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, V Becker, M Benn, R Corcoran, S Fischetti, RF Hilgart, M Makarov, O Sanishvili, R Smith, JL Smith, WW Stepanov, S Xu, S Yoder, D AF Nagarajan, Venugopalan Becker, Michael Benn, Richard Corcoran, Steve Fischetti, Robert F. Hilgart, Mark Makarov, Oleg Sanishvili, Ruslan Smith, Janet L. Smith, Ward W. Stepanov, Sergey Xu, Shenglan Yoder, Derek TI GM/CA: A NIH-funded dual canted undulator sector for protein crystallography at the APS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 317A EP 317A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402031 ER PT J AU Gnida, MG Sneeden, EY Whitin, JC Pickering, IJ George, GN AF Gnida, Manuel G. Sneeden, Eileen Yu Whitin, John C. Pickering, Ingrid J. George, Graham N. TI Sulfur x-ray absorption spectroscopy of living mammalian cells: taurine uptake/release and oxidative stress in renal epithelial cell cultures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 336A EP 336A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402122 ER PT J AU Kang, H Maye, M Nykypanchuk, D Clarke, M Yim, P Briggman, K Gang, O Hwang, J AF Kang, Hyeonggon Maye, Mathew Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Clarke, Matthew Yim, Peter Briggman, Kimberly Gang, Oleg Hwang, Jeeseong TI Optical properties of single DNA-conjugated quantum dots by single molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 337A EP 337A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402127 ER PT J AU Varma, S Sabo, D Rempe, SB AF Varma, Sameer Sabo, Dubravko Rempe, Susan B. TI Comparing the determinants of K+/Na+ selectivity in K-channels and valimomycin - An ab inito based study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 346A EP 346A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402168 ER PT J AU Callender, R Dyer, RB Schramm, V AF Callender, Robert Dyer, R. Brian Schramm, Vern TI Time-resolved studies of protein dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 374A EP 374A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402299 ER PT J AU Brunger, A Chu, S Bowen, M Weninger, K Vrljic, M AF Brunger, Axel Chu, Steven Bowen, Mark Weninger, Keith Vrljic, Marija TI Single molecule studies of SNARE-dependent fusion SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 375A EP 375A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402305 ER PT J AU Colvin, ME Lau, EY Krishnan, VV Rexach, M AF Colvin, Michael E. Lau, Edmund Y. Krishnan, V. V. Rexach, Michael TI Molecular dynamics simulations of natively unfolded nucleoporins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ California, Merced, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 399A EP 399A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402421 ER PT J AU Vaiana, AC Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Vaiana, Andrea C. Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y. TI Finding the missing pieces in the puzzle of decoding: Imaging the conformational switch in the ribosomal decoding center with microsecond simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 416A EP 416A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402513 ER PT J AU Lidke, KA Andrews, NL Lidke, DS Pfeiffer, JR Wilson, BS Oliver, JM Burns, AR AF Lidke, Keith A. Andrews, Nicholas L. Lidke, Diane S. Pfeiffer, Janet R. Wilson, Bridget S. Oliver, Janet M. Burns, Alan R. TI Direct observation of confined motion of membrane proteins associated with actin corrals SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 418A EP 418A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402523 ER PT J AU Szmodis, AW Blanchette, CD Longo, ML Orme, CA Parikh, AN AF Szmodis, Alan W. Blanchette, Craig D. Longo, Marjorie L. Orme, Christine A. Parikh, Atul N. TI Direct visualization of thermally-induced phase separation in supported phospholipid bilayers using imaging ellipsometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009; PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 419A EP 419A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402528 ER PT J AU Gentilcore, AN Crozier, P Stevens, M Woolf, TB AF Gentilcore, Anastasia N. Crozier, Paul Stevens, Mark Woolf, Thomas B. TI Decomposing the forces between bilayers using all-atom simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 424A EP 424A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402551 ER PT J AU Michaud-Agrawal, NP Crozier, PS Stevens, M Woolf, TB AF Michaud-Agrawal, Naveen P. Crozier, Paul S. Stevens, Mark Woolf, Thomas B. TI Coarse-grained interactions between lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 424A EP 424A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402550 ER PT J AU Ratajczak, MK Ko, C Majewski, J Kjaer, K Lange, Y Steck, T Lee, KYC AF Ratajczak, Maria K. Ko, Chris Majewski, Jaroslaw Kjaer, Kristian Lange, Yvonne Steck, Theordore Lee, Ka Yee C. TI Ordering and displacement of cholesterol in phospholipid monolayers by hexadecanol and octanol SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Rush Univ, Ctr Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 425A EP 425A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402560 ER PT J AU Wang, WC Yang, L Huang, HW AF Wang, Wangchen Yang, Lin Huang, Huey W. TI Evidence of cholesterol accumulated in high curvature regions: Implication to the curvature elastic energy for lipid mixtures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 425A EP 425A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402558 ER PT J AU Smirnova, TI Chadwick, TG Poluektov, O Bankaitis, VA AF Smirnova, Tatyana I. Chadwick, Thomas G. Poluektov, Oleg Bankaitis, Vytas A. TI Local polarity and hydrogen bonding inside Sec14p lipid-binding cavity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 429A EP 429A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402578 ER PT J AU Weiss, TM AF Weiss, Thomas M. TI Peptide-peptide interaction in aligned membrane stacks SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 430A EP 430A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402585 ER PT J AU Flores, K Jiang, Y AF Flores, Kevin Jiang, Yi TI P53-gene mediated tumor cell competition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 487A EP 487A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972403124 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS AF Berry, Edward A. Huang, Li-Shar TI Cytochrome bc1: Movement of the rieske iron-sulfur protein revisited. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 501A EP 501A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972403189 ER PT J AU Ishitsuka, Y Lam, KLH Cheng, YS Walsh, M Chien, K Majewski, J Kjaer, K Waring, AJ Lehrer, RI Lee, KYC AF Ishitsuka, Yuji Lam, Kin Lok H. Cheng, Yishan Walsh, Madeleine Chien, Karen Majewski, Jaroslaw Kjaer, Kristian Waring, Alan J. Lehrer, Robert I. Lee, Ka Yee C. TI The membrane disruption and selectivity of antimicrobial peptide protegrin-1 and the role of membrane lipid composition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ishitsuka, Yuji/J-1921-2014 OI Ishitsuka, Yuji/0000-0002-6780-7154 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 514A EP 514A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972403253 ER PT J AU Friddle, RW Sulchek, TA Albrecht, H De Nard, SJ Noy, A AF Friddle, Raymond W. Sulchek, Todd A. Albrecht, Huguette De Nard, Sally J. Noy, Aleksandr TI Force spectroscopy of single and multiple biological bonds SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 523A EP 523A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972403294 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, R Rabuka, D Bertozzi, CR Groves, JT AF Parthasarathy, Raghuveer Rabuka, David Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Groves, Jay T. TI Molecular orientation of membrane-anchored mucin glycoprotein mimics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 547A EP 547A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404028 ER PT J AU Poluektov, OG Pachtchenko, S Smirnov, AI AF Poluektov, Oleg G. Pachtchenko, Serguei Smirnov, Alex I. TI Incorporation of a functional electron-transfer protein complex into nanotubular substrate-supported bilayers: Bacterial reaction center protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Smirnov, Alex/Q-9818-2016 OI Smirnov, Alex/0000-0002-0037-2555 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 553A EP 553A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404058 ER PT J AU Sen, A Baxa, U Simon, MN Wall, JS Sabate, R Saupe, SJ Steven, AC AF Sen, Anindito Baxa, Ulrich Simon, Martha N. Wall, Joseph S. Sabate, Raimon Saupe, Sven J. Steven, Alasdair C. TI Scanning transmission electron microscopy mass-per-length analysis and electron diffraction support the stacked beta-solenoid model of HET-s prion fibrils SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIH, NIAMS, Struct Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CNRS, Inst Biochim & Genet Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 560A EP 560A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404091 ER PT J AU LaBute, MX Sanbonmatsu, KY AF LaBute, Montiago X. Sanbonmatsu, Kevin Y. TI Water mediates the peptidyl transfer in the ribosome SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 570A EP 571A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404146 ER PT J AU Uemura, S Dorywalska, M Lee, TH Kim, HD Puglisi, JD Chu, S AF Uemura, Sotaro Dorywalska, Magdalena Lee, Tae-Hee Kim, Harold D. Puglisi, Joseph D. Chu, Steven TI Peptide bond formation destabilizes Shine-Dalgarno interaction on the ribosome SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 571A EP 571A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404147 ER PT J AU Wu, H Hollars, C Huser, T Parikh, A Yeh, Y AF Wu, Huawen Hollars, Chris Huser, Thomas Parikh, Atul Yeh, Yin TI Characterization of lipid rafts by single-vesicle raman spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 573A EP 573A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404158 ER PT J AU Frey, SL Chi, EY Arratia, C Majewski, J Kjaer, K Lee, KYC AF Frey, Shelli L. Chi, Eva Y. Arratia, Cristobal Majewski, Jaroslaw Kjaer, Kristian Lee, Ka Yee C. TI Condensing and fluidizing effects of ganglioside, G(M1), on phospholipid films SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Chile. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Arratia, Cristobal/G-5376-2015 OI Arratia, Cristobal/0000-0001-8784-5847 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 579A EP 579A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404187 ER PT J AU Qian, S Wang, WC Yang, L Huang, HW AF Qian, Shuo Wang, Wangchen Yang, Lin Huang, Huey W. TI Discovery of a new tetragonal phase of phospholipids between the lamellar phase and the rhombohedral (Stalk) phase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 579A EP 579A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404186 ER PT J AU Costello, AL Alam, TM AF Costello, Alison L. Alam, Todd M. TI The impact of cholesterol on the phase transitions and structural properties of sphingomyelin/cholesterol binary systems using H-1 and P-31 NMR SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 583A EP 583A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404207 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Kim, H Murton, J Satija, S McGillivray, D Majkrzak, C Heinrich, F Majewski, J Loesche, M AF Kent, Michael S. Kim, Hyun Murton, Jaclyn Satija, Sushil McGillivray, Duncan Majkrzak, Charles Heinrich, Frank Majewski, Jaroslaw Loesche, Mattias TI pH-dependent conformational changes and insertion of diphtheria toxin adsorbed to lipid membranes by neutron and X-ray reflection SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 587A EP 587A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404224 ER PT J AU Varma, S Jakobsson, E AF Varma, Sameer Jakobsson, Eric TI How does the C2 domain "calcium trigger" work? Insights from molecular dynamics simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 595A EP 595A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404261 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Sachs, JN Denning, EJ Woolf, TB AF Crozier, Paul S. Sachs, Jonathan N. Denning, Elizabeth J. Woolf, Thomas B. TI How does an explicit potential gradient influence a channel? Initial steps for the Kv1.2 channel in an all-atom simulation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 616A EP 616A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404359 ER PT J AU Bauer, AL Jackson, TL Jiang, Y AF Bauer, Amy L. Jackson, Trachette L. Jiang, Yi TI Cellular model of tumor-induced angiogenesis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 647A EP 647A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404503 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Yang, H AF Anderson, L. Meadow Yang, Haw TI Single-cell studies of bacteriophage lambda gene regulation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 660A EP 660A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404568 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AR AF Mitchell, A. R. TI An appreciation of the scientific life and achievements of Bruce Merrifield SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th American-Peptide-Society Symposium CY JUN 26-30, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Peptide Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mitchell4@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 SI SI BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 181GT UT WOS:000247425900013 ER PT J AU Barron, AE Dohm, MT Brown, NJ Servoss, SL Czyzewski, AM AF Barron, A. E. Dohm, M. T. Brown, N. J. Servoss, S. L. Czyzewski, A. M. TI Amphipathic peptoid oligomers that closely mimic lung surfactant proteins SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th American-Peptide-Society Symposium CY JUN 26-30, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Peptide Soc C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM a-barron@northwestern.edu; m-dohm@northwestern.edu; n-brown4@northwestern.edu; shannon.seurynck@pnl.gov; a-czyzewski@northwestern.edu RI Barron, Annelise/B-7639-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2007 VL 88 IS 4 SI SI BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 181GT UT WOS:000247425900019 ER PT J AU Bratko, D Cellmer, T Prausnitz, JM Blanch, HW AF Bratko, Dusan Cellmer, Troy Prausnitz, John M. Blanch, Harvey W. TI Molecular simulation of protein aggregation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE proteins; aggregation prevention; computer modeling ID SPONTANEOUS FIBRIL FORMATION; BETA-AMYLOID PEPTIDE; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LATTICE-MODEL; POLYALANINE PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE; THERMODYNAMICS; COMPETITION; OLIGOMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Computer simulation offers unique possibities for investigating molecular-level phenomena difficult to probe experimentally. Drawing from a wealth of studies concerning protein folding, computational studies of protein aggregation are emerging. These studies have been successful in capturing aspects of aggregation known from experiment and are being used to refine experimental methods aimed at abating aggregation. Here we review molecular simulation studies of protein aggregation conducted in our laboratory. Specific attention is devoted to issues with implications for biotechnology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NIDDK, Phys Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blanch@berkeley.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1002/bit.21232 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 121SE UT WOS:000243176500001 PM 17136749 ER PT J AU Tang, YJJ Meadows, AL Keasling, JD AF Tang, Yinjie J. Meadows, Adam L. Keasling, Jan D. TI A kinetic model describing Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 growth, substrate consumption, and product secretion SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aerobic; minimal lactate medium; dissolved oxygen; growth kinetics; acetate ID ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; CR(VI) REDUCTION; FUEL-CELL; CHROMIUM; PUTREFACIENS; GENOME AB Aerobic growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in minimal lactate medium was studied in batch cultivation. Acetate production was observed in the middle of the exponential growth phase and was enhanced when the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was low. Once the lactate was nearly exhausted S. oneidensis MR-1 used the acetate produced during growth on lactate with a similar biomass yield as lactate. A two-substrate Monod model, with competitive and uncompetitive substrate inhibition, was devised to describe the dependence of biomass growth on lactate, acetate, and oxygen and the acetate growth inhibition across a broad range of concentrations. The parameters estimated for this model indicate interesting growth kinetics: lactate is converted to acetate stoichiometrically regardless of the DO concentrations; cells grow well even at low DO levels, presumably due to a very low K-m for oxygen; cells metabolize acetate (maximum specific growth rate, mu(max,A) of 0.28 h(-1)) as a single carbon source slower than they metabolize lactate (mu(max,L) of 0.47 h(-1)); and growth on acetate is self-inhibiting at a concentration greater than 10 mM. After estimating model parameters to describe growth and metabolism under six different nutrient conditions, the model was able to successfully estimate growth, oxygen and lactate consumption, and acetate produciton and consumption under entirely different growth conditions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1002/bit.21101 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 121SE UT WOS:000243176500013 PM 16865732 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP Schell, DJ McMillan, JD AF Zhang, Y. -H. Percival Schell, Daniel J. McMillan, James D. TI Methodological analysis for determination of enzymatic digestibility of cellulosic materials SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis; cellulose digestibility; lignocellulose pretreatment; methodological analysis; bias error; measurement uncertainty ID PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CORN STOVER; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULASE; CELLODEXTRINS; ETHANOL AB Accurate measurement of enzymatic cellulose digestibility (X) is important in evaluating the efficiency of lignocellulose pretreatment technologies, assessing the performance of reconstituted cellulase mixtures, and conducting economic analysis for biorefinery processes. We analyzed the effect of sugars contained in enzymes solutions, usually added as a preservative, and random measurement errors on the accuracy of X calculated by various methods. The analysis suggests that exogenous sugars at levels measured in several commercial enzyme preparations significantly bias the results and that this error should be minimized by accounting for these sugars in the calculation of X. Additionally, a method of calculating X equating the ratio of the soluble glucose equivalent in the liquid phase after hydrolysis to the sum of the soluble glucose equivalent in the liquid phase and the insoluble glucose equivalent in the residual solid after hydrolysis was found to be the most accurate, particularly at high conversion levels (> ca. 50%). C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 96 IS 1 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1002/bit.21178 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 121SE UT WOS:000243176500019 PM 16952180 ER PT B AU Liu, CJ Cheng, W Noel, JP Dixon, RA AF Liu, Chang-Jun Cheng, Wang Noel, Joseph P. Dixon, Richard A. BE Xu, Z Li, J Xue, Y Yang, W TI Biochemical and structural bases for (iso)flavonoid biosynthetic diversity SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 2006 AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Congress of the International- Association-for-Plant-Tissue-Culture-and-Biotechnology CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnol ID CDNA CLONING C1 [Liu, Chang-Jun; Cheng, Wang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Noel, Joseph P.] Jack H Skirball Ctr Chem Biol Proteom, Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Dixon, Richard A.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK USA. RP Liu, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cliu@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6634-4 PY 2007 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6635-1_37 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BHG56 UT WOS:000252961700037 ER PT B AU Carman, JG Jamison, MS Pattanayak, J Lacey, J Kim, JS Elliott, EG Klein, P Ulrich, T Dwivedi, K AF Carman, John G. Jamison, Michelle S. Pattanayak, Jayasree Lacey, Jeff Kim, Jeong-Soon Elliott, Estella G. Klein, Patricia Ulrich, Tom Dwivedi, Krishna BE Xu, Z Li, J Xue, Y Yang, W TI Genetic analyses of aposporous embryo sac formation in sorghum SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 2006 AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Congress of the International- Association-for-Plant-Tissue-Culture-and-Biotechnology CY AUG 13-18, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnol ID APOMIXIS C1 [Carman, John G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Carman, John G.; Jamison, Michelle S.; Pattanayak, Jayasree; Elliott, Estella G.; Dwivedi, Krishna] Caisson Lab Inc, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Lacey, Jeff; Ulrich, Tom] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Kim, Jeong-Soon; Klein, Patricia] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Carman, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6634-4 PY 2007 BP 305 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6635-1_47 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BHG56 UT WOS:000252961700047 ER PT J AU Yazdy, MM Honein, MA Xing, J AF Yazdy, Mahsa M. Honein, Margaret A. Xing, Jian TI Reduction in orofacial clefts following folic acid fortification of the US grain supply SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Meeting of the National-Birth-Defects-Prevention-Network CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Birth Defects Prevent Network DE cleft lip; cleft palate; folic acid; fortified foods; birth certificates ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; ORAL CLEFTS; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; UNITED-STATES; MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD FORTIFICATION; PREGNANCY; FOLATE; SMOKING; LIP AB BACKGROUND: Folic acid fortification in the United States became mandatory January 1, 1998, to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We evaluated the impact of folic acid fortification on orofacial clefts using United States birth certificate data for 45 states and the District of Columbia. METHODS: Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated comparing orofacial cleft prevalence among births prefortification (1/ 1990-12/1996) and postfortification (10/1998-12/2002), based on fortification status at conception. The Join-Point Regression Program and exponentially weighted moving average charts (EWMA) were used to assess the timing of any statistically significant changes in prevalence. Data were stratified by maternal race/ethnicity, age, smoking, and timing of prenatal care. RESULTS: Orofacial clefts declined following folic acid fortification (PR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.96). The EWMA chart flagged a significant decrease in the fourth quarter of 1998. The JoinPoint graph had one change in slope, with a significant quarterly percent change (-0.34) between 1996 and 2002. The decline in orofacial clefts occurred in non-Hispanic Whites but not other racial/ ethnic groups, nonsmokers but not women who reported smoking during pregnancy, and women who received prenatal care in the first trimester but not women who began receiving care later in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Folic acid fortification in the United States was associated with a small decrease in orofacial cleft prevalence, with the timing of the decline consistent with the introduction of fortification. The decline is much smaller than that observed for NTDs, but nonetheless suggests an additional benefit of this public health intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yazdy, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM myazdy@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1002/bdra.20319 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 123RY UT WOS:000243314500003 PM 17177274 ER PT J AU Laven, BA Kasza, KE Rapp, DE Orvieto, MA Lyon, MB Oras, JJ Beisert, DG Vanden Hoekt, TL Son, H Shalhav, AL AF Laven, Brett A. Kasza, Kenneth E. Rapp, David E. Orvieto, Marcelo A. Lyon, Mark B. Oras, John J. Beisert, David G. Vanden Hoekt, Terry L. Son, Hyunjin Shalhav, Arieh L. TI A pilot study of ice-slurry application for inducing laparoscopic renal hypothermia SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE renal ischaemia; ice slurry; hypothermia; function; surgery; laparoscopy; vascular surgery ID NEPHRON-SPARING SURGERY; AORTIC-ANEURYSM REPAIR; WARM ISCHEMIA TIME; PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; AORTORENAL BYPASS; COMPLICATIONS; OPERATIONS; PERFUSION; MODEL AB OBJECTIVE To assess, in a pilot study, the feasibility of delivering a microparticulate ice slurry (MPS) to provide regional hypothermia, as renal cooling during laparoscopic procedures is cumbersome and inefficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ex vivo preparation was used to simulate the boundary conditions of a kidney. Four pig kidneys were placed onto a thin membrane overlying a constant temperature bath (37 degrees) with parenchymal thermocouples. Renal surfaces were coated with MPS and temperatures recorded. In an in vivo pig model we assessed laparoscopic delivery and cooling ability of the MPS under physiological conditions. Kidneys in two pigs were laparoscopically exposed; thermocouple probes were placed throughout the kidney and the hilum was clamped. MPS was delivered through a modified 5-mm laparoscopic suction/irrigation cannula. Cortical and core body temperatures were measured. RESULTS In the ex vivo study, the mean (So) initial temperature was 37.1 (0.4)degrees C; the mean time to reach 15 degrees C was 10.3 (2.6) min and the mean nadir temperature was 13.0 (1.5)degrees C. In vivo, the MPS was delivered with no technical difficulty; the mean renal unit starting temperature and core body temperature were 37.2 degrees C and 37.0 degrees C, respectively. The mean (range) time to reach 15 degrees C was 16.5 (5.5-28.6) min. The mean nadir core body temperature was 34.0 degrees C. CONCLUSION This initial study showed efficient and rapid induction of renal hypothermia using MPS delivered through 5-mm laparoscopic ports, with no technical difficulty. These exploratory pilot findings support further, larger scale, histopathological and renal functional investigations of topical ice slurries as a means of providing renal hypothermia in laparoscopic procedures. C1 Univ Chicago, Urol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Sect Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Emergency Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Laven, BA (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. EM blaven2@hotmail.com NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-4096 EI 1464-410X J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06518.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 131ZF UT WOS:000243910800037 PM 17094782 ER PT J AU Climescu-Haulica, A Quirk, MD AF Climescu-Haulica, Adriana Quirk, Michelle D. TI A stochastic differential equation model for transcriptional regulatory networks SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology CY APR 02-05, 2006 CL Venice, ITALY SP Univ Padova, Dept Informat Engn, MIT, Broad Inst, Havard, Broad Inst, Coll Comp Georgia Tech, US Dept Energy, IBM Corp, Int Soc Computat Biol, Italian Assoc Informat & Automat Computat, US Natl Sci Fdn ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-CYCLE; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME AB Background: This work explores the quantitative characteristics of the local transcriptional regulatory network based on the availability of time dependent gene expression data sets. The dynamics of the gene expression level are fitted via a stochastic differential equation model, yielding a set of specific regulators and their contribution. Results: We show that a beta sigmoid function that keeps track of temporal parameters is a novel prototype of a regulatory function, with the effect of improving the performance of the profile prediction. The stochastic differential equation model follows well the dynamic of the gene expression levels. Conclusion: When adapted to biological hypotheses and combined with a promoter analysis, the method proposed here leads to improved models of the transcriptional regulatory networks. C1 CEA, Inst Rech Technol & Sci Vivant, Lab Biol Informat Math, F-38052 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Climescu-Haulica, A (reprint author), CEA, Inst Rech Technol & Sci Vivant, Lab Biol Informat Math, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38052 Grenoble, France. EM adriana.climescu@cea.fr; pal@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PY 2007 VL 8 SU 5 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1471-2105/8/S5-S4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 183GN UT WOS:000247560800004 PM 17570863 ER PT J AU Auer, M Peng, HC Singh, A AF Auer, Manfred Peng, Hanchuan Singh, Ambuj TI Development of multiscale biological image data analysis: Review of 2006 International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics, Santa Barbara, USA (BII06) SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The 2006 International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics was held at Santa Barbara, on Sept 7-8, 2006. Based on the presentations at the workshop, we selected and compiled this collection of research articles related to novel algorithms and enabling techniques for bio- and biomedical image analysis, mining, visualization, and biology applications. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Janelia Farm Res Campus, Ashburn, VA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Peng, HC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mauer@lbl.gov; pengh@janelia.hhmi.org; ambuj@cs.ucsb.edu RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 SU 1 AR S1 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-S1-S1 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 216PJ UT WOS:000249890500001 ER PT J AU Boucheron, LE Bi, ZQ Harvey, NR Manjunath, BS Rimm, DL AF Boucheron, Laura E. Bi, Zhiqiang Harvey, Neal R. Manjunath, B. S. Rimm, David L. TI Utility of multispectral imaging for nuclear classification of routine clinical histopathology imagery SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Santa Barbara, CA ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; BREAST; SEGMENTATION; INFORMATION AB Background: We present an analysis of the utility of multispectral versus standard RGB imagery for routine H&E stained histopathology images, in particular for pixel-level classification of nuclei. Our multispectral imagery has 29 spectral bands, spaced 10 nm within the visual range of 420-700 nm. It has been hypothesized that the additional spectral bands contain further information useful for classification as compared to the 3 standard bands of RGB imagery. We present analyses of our data designed to test this hypothesis. Results: For classification using all available image bands, we find the best performance (equal tradeoff between detection rate and false alarm rate) is obtained from either the multispectral or our "ccd" RGB imagery, with an overall increase in performance of 0.79% compared to the next best performing image type. For classification using single image bands, the single best multispectral band (in the red portion of the spectrum) gave a performance increase of 0.57%, compared to performance of the single best RGB band (red). Additionally, red bands had the highest coefficients/preference in our classifiers. Principal components analysis of the multispectral imagery indicates only two significant image bands, which is not surprising given the presence of two stains. Conclusion: Our results indicate that multispectral imagery for routine H&E stained histopathology provides minimal additional spectral information for a pixel-level nuclear classification task than would standard RGB imagery. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Boucheron, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lauraeb@ece.ucsb.edu; zb26@ece.ucsb.edu; harve@lanl.gov; manj@ece.ucsb.edu; david.rimm@yale.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 SU 1 AR S8 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-S1-S8 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 216PJ UT WOS:000249890500008 PM 17634098 ER PT J AU Long, FH Peng, HC Sudar, D Lelievre, SA Knowles, DW AF Long, Fuhui Peng, Hanchuan Sudar, Damir Lelievre, Sophie A. Knowles, David W. TI Phenotype clustering of breast epithelial cells in confocal images based on nuclear protein distribution analysis SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Santa Barbara, CA ID TISSUE PHENOTYPE; ORGANIZATION AB Background: The distribution of chromatin-associated proteins plays a key role in directing nuclear function. Previously, we developed an image-based method to quantify the nuclear distributions of proteins and showed that these distributions depended on the phenotype of human mammary epithelial cells. Here we describe a method that creates a hierarchical tree of the given cell phenotypes and calculates the statistical significance between them, based on the clustering analysis of nuclear protein distributions. Results: Nuclear distributions of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein were previously obtained for non-neoplastic SI and malignant T4-2 human mammary epithelial cells cultured for up to 12 days. Cell phenotype was defined as SI or T4-2 and the number of days in cultured. A probabilistic ensemble approach was used to define a set of consensus clusters from the results of multiple traditional cluster analysis techniques applied to the nuclear distribution data. Cluster histograms were constructed to show how cells in any one phenotype were distributed across the consensus clusters. Grouping various phenotypes allowed us to build phenotype trees and calculate the statistical difference between each group. The results showed that non-neoplastic SI cells could be distinguished from malignant T4-2 cells with 94.19% accuracy; that proliferating SI cells could be distinguished from differentiated SI cells with 92.86% accuracy; and showed no significant difference between the various phenotypes of T4-2 cells corresponding to increasing tumor sizes. Conclusion: This work presents a cluster analysis method that can identify significant cell phenotypes, based on the nuclear distribution of specific proteins, with high accuracy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div W, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Basic Med Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. RP Knowles, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM longf@janelia.hhmi.org; pengh@janelia.hhmi.org; dsudar@lbl.gov; lelievre@purdue.edu; dwknowles@lbl.gov OI Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 FU NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA118479, 1 R33 CA118479-01] NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 SU 1 AR 53 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-S1-S3 PG 15 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 216PJ UT WOS:000249890500003 PM 17634093 ER PT J AU Peng, HC Long, FF Zhou, J Leung, G Eisen, MB Myers, EW AF Peng, Hanchuan Long, Fuhui Zhou, Jie Leung, Garmay Eisen, Michael B. Myers, Eugene W. TI Automatic image analysis for gene expression patterns of fly embryos SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Santa Barbara, CA ID DROSOPHILA; SEGMENTATION; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; MOTIFS AB Background: Staining the mRNA of a gene via in situ hybridization ( ISH) during the development of a D. melanogaster embryo delivers the detailed spatio-temporal pattern of expression of the gene. Many biological problems such as the detection of co-expressed genes, co-regulated genes, and transcription factor binding motifs rely heavily on the analyses of these image patterns. The increasing availability of ISH image data motivates the development of automated computational approaches to the analysis of gene expression patterns. Results: We have developed algorithms and associated software that extracts a feature representation of a gene expression pattern from an ISH image, that clusters genes sharing the same spatio-temporal pattern of expression, that suggests transcription factor binding (TFB) site motifs for genes that appear to be co-regulated (based on the clustering), and that automatically identifies the anatomical regions that express a gene given a training set of annotations. In fact, we developed three different feature representations, based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and wavelet functions, each having different merits with respect to the tasks above. For clustering image patterns, we developed a minimum spanning tree method (MSTCUT), and for proposing TFB sites we used standard motif finders on clustered/co-expressed genes with the added twist of requiring conservation across the genomes of 8 related fly species. Lastly, we trained a suite of binary-classifiers, one for each anatomical annotation term in a controlled vocabulary or ontology that operate on the wavelet feature representation. We report the results of applying these methods to the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) gene expression database. Conclusion: Our automatic image analysis methods recapitulate known co-regulated genes and give correct developmental-stage classifications with 99+% accuracy, despite variations in morphology, orientation, and focal plane suggesting that these techniques form a set of useful tools for the large-scale computational analysis of fly embryonic gene expression patterns. C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peng, HC (reprint author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, Janelia Farm Res Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. EM pengh@janelia.hhmi.org; longf@janelia.hhmi.org; jzhou@cs.niu.edu; garmay@berkeley.edu; mbeisen@lbl.gov; myersg@janelia.hhmi.org RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011; OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779-05, R01 HG002779-06] NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 SU 1 AR S7 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-S1-S7 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 216PJ UT WOS:000249890500007 PM 17634097 ER PT J AU Staadt, OG Natarajan, V Weber, GH Wiley, DF Hamann, B AF Staadt, Oliver G. Natarajan, Vijay Weber, Gunther H. Wiley, David F. Hamann, Bernd TI Interactive processing and visualization of image data for biomedical and life science applications SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Multiscale Biological Imaging, Data Mining and Informatics CY SEP 07-08, 2006 CL Santa Barbara, CA ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; CLASSIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SURFACES AB Background: Applications in biomedical science and life science produce large data sets using increasingly powerful imaging devices and computer simulations. It is becoming increasingly difficult for scientists to explore and analyze these data using traditional tools. Interactive data processing and visualization tools can support scientists to overcome these limitations. Results: We show that new data processing tools and visualization systems can be used successfully in biomedical and life science applications. We present an adaptive high-resolution display system suitable for biomedical image data, algorithms for analyzing and visualization protein surfaces and retinal optical coherence tomography data, and visualization tools for 3D gene expression data. Conclusion: We demonstrated that interactive processing and visualization methods and systems can support scientists in a variety of biomedical and life science application areas concerned with massive data analysis. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stratovan Corp, Woodland Hills, CA USA. RP Staadt, OG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM staadt@cs.ucdavis.edu; vijayn@csa.iisc.ernet.in; ghweber@lbl.gov; wiley@stratovan.com; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PY 2007 VL 8 SU 1 AR S10 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-8-S1-S10 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 216PJ UT WOS:000249890500010 PM 17634091 ER PT J AU Vitev, I AF Vitev, Ivan TI Open charm tomography of cold and hot nuclear matter SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 02-08, 2006 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, Brazilian Phys Soc, Sao Paulo Univ, CBPF, UFRJ, IFT, UNESP, Campinas State Univ DE open heavy flavor ID HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; ENERGY-LOSS; COLLISIONS; D+AU; P+P AB We identify the nuclear effects that modify the cross sections for open heavy flavor production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. In p+A reactions, we calculate and resum the coherent nuclear-enhanced power corrections from the final-state parton scattering in the medium. We find that single and double inclusive open charm production can be suppressed as much as the yield of neutral pions from dynamical high-twist shadowing. Effects of energy loss in p+A collisions are also investigated. These lead to significantly weaker transverse momentum dependence of the nuclear attenuation and give a sizable contribution to the forward rapidity hadron suppression. In A+A reactions we revisit the question of the measured large heavy flavor quenching at RHIC. We derive the collisional broadening of the heavy meson's transverse momentum and the distortion of its intrinsic light cone wave function. The medium-induced dissociation probability of heavy mesons is shown to be sensitive to the opacity of the quark-gluon plasma and the time dependence of its formation and evolution. In contrast to previous results on heavy quark modification, our approach predicts suppression of B-mesons comparable to that of D-mesons at transverse momenta as low as pT similar to 10 GeV. It allows for an improved description of the large attenuation of non-photonic electrons in central Au+Au reactions at RHIC. Preliminary results in the implementation of collisional and radiative energy loss in a Langevin simulation approach to heavy quark diffusion and attenuation are also presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vitev, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2C BP 736 EP 738 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202QH UT WOS:000248917600015 ER PT J AU Fachini, P AF Fachini, Patricia TI Particle production from soft processes SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 02-08, 2006 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, Brazilian Phys Soc, Sao Paulo Univ, CBPF, UFRJ, IFT, UNESP, Campinas State Univ DE soft interaction; elliptic flow; mass modification ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; MESON PRODUCTION; DECAYS; RESONANCES; Z0 AB Relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide a unique environment to study matter under extreme conditions of high temperature and energy density. In the soft pT region ( <= 2 GeV/c) particle production is governed by the bulk properties ( e. g. hydrodynamic pressure, freeze-out temperature) of the collisions. Total particle yields as well as their distributions in phase space are strongly dependent on these properties. These bulk properties will be discussed and we will compare our heavy-ion results to measurements in the p + p reference system, where multiparticle processes such as recombination and rescattering are generally thought to be negligible. However, we will show evidence for pi + pi(-) rescattering interactions even in p + p collisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fachini, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 EI 1678-4448 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2C BP 757 EP 761 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202QH UT WOS:000248917600020 ER PT J AU Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Busza, W Chai, Z Chetluru, V Garcia, E Gburek, T Gulbrandsen, K Hamblen, J Harnarine, I Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Kane, JL Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Richardson, E Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyngaardt, S Wyslouch, B AF Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. Gulbrandsen, K. Hamblen, J. Harnarine, I. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Kane, J. L. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Richardson, E. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslouch, B. TI Elliptic flow, eccentricity and eccentricity fluctuations SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 02-08, 2006 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, Brazilian Phys Soc, Sao Paulo Univ, CBPF, UFRJ, IFT, UNESP, Campinas State Univ DE participant eccentricity; event-by-event AB Differential studies of elliptic flow are one of the most powerful tools in studying the initial conditions and dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions. The comparison of data from Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions taken with the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC provides new information on the interplay between initial geometry and initial particle density in determining the observed final state flow pattern. Studies from PHOBOS point to the importance of fluctuations in the initial state geometry for understanding the Cu+Cu data. We relate the elliptic flow data to the results of our model studies on initial state geometry fluctuations and discuss how we will perform measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alver, B (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Messier, Claude/A-2322-2008 OI Messier, Claude/0000-0002-4791-1763 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2C BP 770 EP 772 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202QH UT WOS:000248917600023 ER PT J AU Xu, N AF Xu, N. TI Partonic equation of state in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 02-08, 2006 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, Brazilian Phys Soc, Sao Paulo Univ, CBPF, UFRJ, IFT, UNESP, Campinas State Univ DE flow; EOS ID ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON FREEZE-OUT; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; EXPANSION AB Recent results on chemical freeze-out, elliptic flow v(2) and multi-strange hadron transverse momentum distributions are discussed and compared with model predictions. The idea of heavy flavor collectivity and light flavor thermalization is presented in the light of recent heavy flavor measurement at RHIC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2C BP 773 EP 775 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332007000500024 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 202QH UT WOS:000248917600024 ER EF