FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Qiu, JW AF Qiu, Jian-Wei TI Factorization for hadronic heavy quarkonium production SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGY COLLIDERS; J-PSI; GLUON PLASMA; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; J/PSI; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; SUPPRESSION; FLAVORS AB We briefly review several models of heavy quarkonium production in hadronic collisions, and discuss the status of QCD factorization for these production models. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qiu, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jwq@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 309C EP 316C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.085 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400038 ER PT J AU David, G AF David, G. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Electromagnetic probes in PHENIX SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID COLLISIONS; PHOTONS; AU+AU AB Electromagnetic probes are arguably the most universal tools to study the different physics processes in high energy hadron and heavy ion collisions. In this paper we summarize recent measurements of real and virtual direct photons at central rapidity by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. We also discuss the impact of the results and the constraints they put on theoretical models. At the end we report on the immediate as well as on the mid-term future of photon measurements in PHENIX. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP David, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM david@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 359C EP 366C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.089 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400044 ER PT J AU Liu, MX AF Liu, Min Xiong CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Heavy quark production in large rapidity in d+Au collisions at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION AB At RHIC energy, heavy flavor production in hadronic collisions is dominated by gluonic processes and so is a sensitive probe of the gluon structure function in the nucleon and its modification in nuclei. A study of heavy flavor production in p+p and d+Au collisions in various kinematic regions presents an opportunity to probe various cold nuclear medium effects: parton shadowing, color glass condensate, initial state energy loss, and coherent multiple scattering in final state interactions. We study cold nuclear medium effects on open charm and J/psi production in d+Au collisions with the PHENIX muon spectrometers at forward and backward rapidity 1.2 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.4. The latest results are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, MX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25,MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mliu@lanl.gov OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 481C EP 484C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.099 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400058 ER PT J AU Mocsy, A Petreczky, P Casalderrey-Solana, J AF Mocsy, Agnes Petreczky, Peter Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge TI Ground state quarkonium spectral functions above deconfinement SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID HEAVY QUARKONIA; GLUON PLASMA AB We discuss the temperature-dependence of S-wave quarkonium spectral functions in a nonrelativistic Green's function approach and compare these to lattice QCD results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mocsy, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Casalderrey Solana, Jorge/0000-0002-5241-0154 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 485C EP 488C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.100 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400059 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF AF Zhang, Yifei TI Identifying bottom contribution in non-photonic electron spectra and nu(2) from Au+Au collisions at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA AB We present a study on the spectra and elliptic flow v(2) of electrons from heavy flavor (charm and bottom) decays with the relative contributions of charm and bottom hadrons given by the PYTHIA Monte Carlos simulations. We made a simultaneous fit to both measured non-photonic electron spectra and v(2) distributions. The results suggest that the bottom contribution is not dominant for electron p(T) < 5 GeV/c in the 200 GeV Au+Au collisions. C1 Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, YF (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 489C EP 492C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.101 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400060 ER PT J AU Putschke, J AF Putschke, Jorn CA STAR Collaboration TI Near-side Delta(eta) correlations of high p(T) hadrons from STAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB Systematic measurements of pseudorapidity (Delta eta) and azimuthal (Delta phi) correlations betewen high-p(T) charged hadrons and associated particles from the high statistics 200 GeV Au+Au dataset will be presented. This extends previous measurements where differences in the near-side Delta eta correlation between central Au+Au and the lighter systems, d+Au and p+p, were observed, including a long-range near-side correlation in Au+Au collisions. Studies to characterize the properties of the long-range correlation are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Putschke, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 507C EP 510C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.105 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400064 ER PT J AU Ruan, LJ AF Ruan, Lijuan CA STAR Collaboration TI Identified baryon and meson distributions at large transverse momenta from Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN) 200 GeV SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; D+AU COLLISIONS; HADRON SPECTRA; QUARK; P+P AB We report the results of pi(+/-), p and (p) over bar production up to transverse momentum 12 GeV/c from 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity at STAR. The nuclear modification factor R-CP, (p) over bar /p and p((p) over bar)/pi ratios are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruan, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 547C EP 550C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.113 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400074 ER PT J AU Zhang, BW Wang, XN Schafer, A AF Zhang, Ben-Wei Wang, Xin-Nian Schaefer, Andreas TI Quark-quark double scattering and modified quark fragmentation functions in nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove q, CA ID MULTIPLE PARTON SCATTERING; ENERGY-LOSS; ENVIRONMENT; QCD AB Quark-quark double scattering in eA DIS and its contributions to quark and anti-quark fragmentation functions are investigated with the generalized factorization of the relevant twist-four processes in pQCD. It is shown that the resulting modifications to quark and anti-quark fragmentation functions are different. While the numerical size of these effects cannot be determined from pQCD, the structure of our result leads to a number of qualitative predictions for the relative size of the effect for different hadrons. These qualitative predictions agree with the multiplicity ratios for positive and negative hadrons as observed by HERMES. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, BW (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 551C EP 554C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.114 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400075 ER PT J AU Sickles, A AF Sickles, Anne CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Studying jets via identified particles in PHENIX SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 09-16, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB A surprising excess of protons at intermediate p(T), 2-5 GeV/c, has been observed in Au+Au collisions at RHIC, for which the source is not known. In p+p collisions, particles at this p(T) arise from jet fragmentation, however the observed baryon yield in central Au+Au collisions are not compatible with the usual jet fragmentation function. Two particle Delta phi correlations are a powerful probe for quantitatively understanding the modifications to jet fragmentation from interactions with the medium. Earlier studies have shown that the excess baryons do have jet-like partners, indicating a hard scattering origin. We present new results from a systematic study of two particle correlations as a function of trigger and partner particle species, charge, p(T) and centrality from the high statistics Au+Au dataset, p+p collisions are also analyzed as a reference. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sickles, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM anne@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 783 BP 555C EP 560C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.11.115 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 141JK UT WOS:000244574400076 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Worden, K AF Farrar, Charles R. Worden, Keith TI Structural health monitoring - Preface SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM k.worden@sheffield.ac.uk NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1851 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1926 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131BF UT WOS:000243842300001 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Worden, K AF Farrar, Charles R. Worden, Keith TI An introduction to structural health monitoring SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material DE structural health monitoring; condition monitoring; non-destructive testing; evalution ID OF-THE-ART; DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION; ROTATING MACHINERY; FAULT-DETECTION; VIBRATION AB The process of implementing a damage identification strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure is referred to as structural health monitoring ( SHM). Here, damage is defined as changes to the material and/or geometric properties of these systems, including changes to the boundary conditions and system connectivity, which adversely affect the system's performance. A wide variety of highly effective local non-destructive evaluation tools are available for such monitoring. However, the majority of SHM research conducted over the last 30 years has attempted to identify damage in structures on a more global basis. The past 10 years have seen a rapid increase in the amount of research related to SHM as quantified by the significant escalation in papers published on this subject. The increased interest in SHM and its associated potential for significant life-safety and economic benefits has motivated the need for this theme issue. This introduction begins with a brief history of SHM technology development. Recent research has begun to recognize that the SHM problem is fundamentally one of the statistical pattern recognition ( SPR) and a paradigm to address such a problem is described in detail herein as it forms the basis for organization of this theme issue. In the process of providing the historical overview and summarizing the SPR paradigm, the subsequent articles in this theme issue are cited in an effort to show how they fit into this overview of SHM. In conclusion, technical challenges that must be addressed if SHM is to gain wider application are discussed in a general manner. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worden, K (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM k.worden@sheffield.ac.uk RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 24 TC 532 Z9 554 U1 30 U2 188 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1851 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1928 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131BF UT WOS:000243842300002 PM 17255041 ER PT J AU Park, G Inman, DJ AF Park, Gyuhae Inman, Daniel J. TI Structural health monitoring using piezoelectric impedance measurements SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; impedence method; piezoelectric transducers ID PIEZO-TRANSDUCERS; DAMAGE DETECTION; TEMPERATURE; SIGNATURES; DIAGNOSIS; ACTUATOR; SENSORS; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents an overview and recent advances in impedance-based structural health monitoring. The basic principle behind this technique is to apply high-frequency structural excitations ( typically greater than 30 kHz) through surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers, and measure the impedance of structures by monitoring the current and voltage applied to the piezoelectric transducers. Changes in impedance indicate changes in the structure, which in turn can indicate that damage has occurred. An experimental study is presented to demonstrate how this technique can be used to detect structural damage in real time. Signal processing methods that address damage classifications and data compression issues associated with the use of the impedance methods are also summarized. Finally, a modified frequency-domain autoregressive model with exogenous inputs ( ARX) is described. The frequency-domain ARX model, constructed by measured impedance data, is used to diagnose structural damage with levels of statistical confidence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1851 BP 373 EP 392 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1934 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131BF UT WOS:000243842300005 PM 17255044 ER PT J AU Farrar, CR Lieven, NAJ AF Farrar, Charles R. Lieven, Nick A. J. TI Damage prognosis: the future of structural health monitoring SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; prognosis; life prediction AB This paper concludes the theme issue on structural health monitoring ( SHM) by discussing the concept of damage prognosis ( DP). DP attempts to forecast system performance by assessing the current damage state of the system ( i.e. SHM), estimating the future loading environments for that system, and predicting through simulation and past experience the remaining useful life of the system. The successful development of a DP capability will require the further development and integration of many technology areas including both measurement/processing/telemetry hardware and a variety of deterministic and probabilistic predictive modelling capabilities, as well as the ability to quantify the uncertainty in these predictions. The multidisciplinary and challenging nature of the DP problem, its current embryonic state of development, and its tremendous potential for life-safety and economic benefits qualify DP as a 'grand challenge' problem for engineers in the twenty-first century. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 16 TC 129 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1851 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1098/rsta.2006.1927 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131BF UT WOS:000243842300015 PM 17255054 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Woolf, TB AF Crozier, Paul S. Stevens, Mark J. Woolf, Thomas B. TI How a small change in retinal leads to G-protein activation: Initial events suggested by molecular dynamics calculations SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Review DE membrane protein; simulation; G-protein coupled receptors; rhodopsin; photoisomerization ID CONE VISUAL PIGMENTS; COUPLED-RECEPTOR RHODOPSIN; RETINYLIDENE SCHIFF-BASE; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED LIPIDS; ACTIVE-STATE CONFORMATION; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; TRANSMEMBRANE HELICES 3; CARBOXYLIC-ACID GROUP; 4TH CYTOPLASMIC LOOP AB Rhodopsin is the prototypical G-protein coupled receptor, coupling light activation with high efficiency to signaling molecules. The dark-state X-ray structures of the protein provide a starting point for consideration of the relaxation from initial light activation to conformational changes that may lead to signaling. In this study we create an energetically unstable retinal in the light activated state and then use molecular dynamics simulations to examine the types of compensation, relaxation, and conformational changes that occur following the cis-trans light activation. The results suggest that changes occur throughout the protein, with changes in the orientation of Helices 5 and 6, a closer interaction between Ala 169 on Helix 4 and retinal, and a shift in the Schiff base counterion that also reflects changes in sidechain interactions with the retinal. Taken together, the simulation is suggestive of the types of changes that lead from local conformational change to light-activated signaling in this prototypical system. Proteins 2007;66:559-574. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Crozier, PS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1322, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pscrozi@sandia.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM064746, R01 GM064746-02] NR 153 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 66 IS 3 BP 559 EP 574 DI 10.1002/prot.21175 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 126BR UT WOS:000243487700006 PM 17109408 ER PT J AU Burger, J Campbell, KR Murray, S Campbell, TS Gaines, KF Jeitner, C Shukla, T Burke, S Gochfeld, M AF Burger, Joanna Campbell, Kym Rouse Murray, Stephanie Campbell, Todd S. Gaines, Karen F. Jeitner, Christian Shukla, Tara Burke, Sean Gochfeld, Michael TI Metal levels in blood, muscle and liver of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) from New Jersey, Tennessee and South Carolina SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bioindicators; snakes; heavy metals; geographical differences ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ELEMENT LEVELS; RESIDUES; RIVER; ORGANOCHLORINE; INDICATORS; REPTILES; SIPEDON; INDEXES; FLORIDA AB Reptiles, particularly snakes, could serve as bioindicators of contamination because some are comparatively long-lived, exhibit different trophic levels, and are at the top of their food chains. We test the null hypothesis that there are no differences in the concentrations of heavy metals in the blood, muscle and liver of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) from rivers in New Jersey, Tennessee and South Carolina. While the former site is in an urban/suburban area, the latter two sites are relatively rural and are located on Department of Energy sites. For the snakes from New Jersey, there were significant differences in metal concentrations among tissues for all metals, the highest levels for arsenic and selenium were in liver and kidney, for cadmium were in the liver, for chromium and lead were in skin, and for mercury and manganese were in the muscle. Body length was not correlated with metal levels, and there were more significant correlations for skin with internal tissues than for blood with other tissues. There were more significant correlations for mercury than for other metals. In comparing metal levels among states, levels were generally higher for snakes collected from South Carolina. These data indicate that, since water snakes accumulate contaminants differentially as a function of location, they can be useful bioindicators of environmental exposure to contaminants. Moreover, because of their wide geographical distribution and use of varying trophic compartments, this genus can be useful for cross-site comparisons. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. Biol Res Associates, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu FU PHS HHS [ESO 5022] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 373 IS 2-3 BP 556 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142DJ UT WOS:000244629100012 PM 17239425 ER PT J AU Li, LX Dong, JH Nenoff, TM AF Li, Liangxiong Dong, Junhang Nenoff, Tina M. TI Transport of water and alkali metal ions through MFI zeolite membranes during reverse osmosis SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zeolite membrane; MFI; reverse osmosis; alkali metal ion; transport ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; HYDRATION; 25-DEGREES-C; DESALINATION; DYNAMICS; MOBILITY; SOLVENT; SURFACE; FILMS AB Molecular sieve zeolite membranes have recently been shown to be potentially useful for treating saline wastewater by reverse osmosis. In this paper, reverse osmosis of 0.1 M solutions of alkali metal chlorides, including LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl, has been investigated on MFI-type zeolite membranes synthesized from an aluminum-free precursor. The MFI zeolite membrane exhibited high rejection rates (r(i) > 95%) for all alkali metal ions at an applied pressure of 2.75 MPa. The rejection rates of Li+ and Na+ declined slightly while the ion flux increased more dramatically than did the water flux with moderately raising the temperature. Increasing the hydraulic pressure difference across the membrane resulted in significant enhancements in both the water flux and the ion rejection rates but with much less influence on the ion flux. The ion flux increased monotonically with the crystallographic ion size from Li+ to Cs+ while the dependence of the corresponding water flux on ion size exhibited a maximum for the 0.1 M KCI solution. The ion separation by reverse osmosis on the MFI zeolite membranes was found to rely on the restricted access of hydrated ions to the zeolitic pores and the competitive diffusion of water and ions in the zeolite channels. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dong, JH (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM jhdong@nmt.edu NR 27 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.06.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 131PG UT WOS:000243881600005 ER PT J AU Levinson, R Berdahl, P Akbari, H Miller, W Joedicke, I Reilly, J Suzuki, Y Vondran, M AF Levinson, Ronnen Berdahl, Paul Akbari, Hashem Miller, William Joedicke, Ingo Reilly, Joseph Suzuki, Yoshi Vondran, Michelle TI Methods of creating solar-reflective nonwhite surfaces and their application to residential roofing materials SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE roofing; residential; reflective; solar; near infrared; scattering; absorption; coating; pigment; metal; clay tile; concrete tile; wood; asphalt shingle; treatment; conversion coating AB We describe methods for creating solar-reflective nonwhite surfaces and their application to a wide variety of residential roofing materials, including metal, clay tile, concrete tile, wood, and asphalt shingle. Reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum (0.7-2.5 mu m) is maximized by coloring a topcoat with pigments that weakly absorb and (optionally) strongly backscatter NIR radiation, and by adding an NIR-reflective basecoat (e.g., one colored with titanium dioxide rutile white) if both the topcoat and the substrate weakly reflect NIR radiation. Coated steel and glazed clay-tile roofing products achieved NIR reflectances of up to 0.50 and 0.75, respectively, using only cool topcoats. Gray-cement concrete tiles achieved NIR reflectances as high as 0.60 with coatings colored by NIR-scattering pigments. Such tiles could attain NIR reflectances of up to 0.85 by overlaying a white basecoat with a topcoat colored by NIR-transparent organic pigments. Granule-surfaced asphalt shingles achieved NIR reflectances as high as 0.45 when the granules were covered with a white basecoat and a cool color topcoat. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ISP Mineral Prod Inc, Hagerstown, MD 21740 USA. American Rooftile Coatings, Brea, CA 92821 USA. MCA Clay Tile, Corona, CA 92879 USA. Steelscape Inc, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. RP Levinson, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RMLevinson@LBL.gov; PHBerdahl@LBL.gov; H_Akbari@LBL.gov; wml@ORNL.gov; IJoedicke@ispcorp.com; jcreilly@adelphia.net; YSuzuki@mca-tile.com; michelle.vondran@steelscape.com NR 20 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 9 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2006.06.062 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 127ZQ UT WOS:000243625500012 ER PT J AU Kempe, MD Jorgensen, GJ Terwilliger, KM McMahon, TJ Kennedy, CE Borek, TT AF Kempe, Michael D. Jorgensen, Gary J. Terwilliger, Kent M. McMahon, Tom J. Kennedy, Cheryl E. Borek, Theodore T. TI Acetic acid production and glass transition concerns with ethylene-vinyl acetate used in photovoltaic devices SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic; EVA; encapsulant; acetic acid; corrosion ID ENCAPSULANT; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; MODULES; JOINTS AB Photovoltaic (PV) devices are typically encapsulated using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to provide mechanical support, electrical isolation, and protection against environmental exposure. Under exposure to water and/or ultraviolet radiation, EVA will decompose to produce acetic acid that will lower the pH and generally increases surface corrosion rates. This enhanced corrosion is demonstrated in this work using aluminum mirrors deposited on glass. EVA also experiences a glass transition, beginning at about -15 degrees C, making its use questionable in environments below -15 degrees C. Despite these shortcomings, EVA has proven to be adequate (in terrestrial environments) for encapsulating silicon wafers based PV devices. Thin-film PV technologies, however, are constructed using layers that are only a few microns thick, making them potentially much more sensitive to surface corrosion than are silicon-wafer-based technologies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael_kempe@nrel.gov NR 33 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2006.10.009 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 127ZQ UT WOS:000243625500013 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Boily, JF Bagus, PS AF Ilton, Eugene S. Boily, Jean-Francois Bagus, Paul S. TI Beam induced reduction of U(VI) during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: The utility of the U4f satellite structure for identifying uranium oxidation states in mixed valence uranium oxides SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; uranium oxide; mica; radiation damage; models of surface kinetics ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CESIUM URANATES; XPS; SURFACES; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; NUMBER; URANYL; UO2 AB Reduction of U-VI by the beam during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a commonly observed phenomenon. This can affect the determination of the U oxidation state, or states, in U oxides (or U compounds in general) and compromise the validity of peak parameters derived from U-VI oxide standards. However, there is little quantitative information on the reduction kinetics and species produced. The objective of this contribution is to investigate and quantify the effects of X-ray beam reduction of U-VI during XPS analysis. Successive U4f XPS spectra were taken over a 26 h period during the X-ray induced reduction of U-VI oxy-hydroxide that was precipitated onto the basal plane of mica. In addition, valence band XPS spectra, including the U5f region, were recorded. Factor analysis identified three dominant and, by definition, linearly independent components. Consequently, we fit the U4f level, including the satellite structure, with three components that represented U-VI, U-V, and U-IV. Peak parameters were remarkably stable and consistent with U-VI, U-V, and U-IV over the entire reduction sequence despite the likely formation of a partially covalent mixed-valence U oxide. Although the satellite features for U-IV and U-V were modified by their bonding environment, they still served well as diagnostic tools for identifying U oxidation states. In particular, the 8 eV satellite appears to be a robust indicator of U-V over a range of bonding environments. This is important because the presence of U-V might not be necessarily obvious in the primary peak envelope if XPS energy resolution is low and/or U-IV-U-V binding energy separations are appreciably less than 1 eV. We also discuss insights obtained from modeling the kinetic data for the time evolution of U-VI, U-V, and U-IV. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-96,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@pnl.gov RI Bagus, Paul/M-1273-2015 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 4 BP 908 EP 916 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.11.067 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149OH UT WOS:000245155800007 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Fenter, P Sturchio, NC Bedzyk, MJ Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ AF Zhang, Zhan Fenter, Paul Sturchio, Neil C. Bedzyk, Michael J. Machesky, Michael L. Wesolowski, David J. TI Structure of rutile TiO2 (110) in water and 1 molal Rb+ at pH 12: Inter-relationship among surface charge, interfacial hydration structure, and substrate structural displacements SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oxide-water interface; electrical double layer; adsorption; titanium oxide (rutile); single crystal surface; X-ray reflection; surface structure ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; METAL-OXIDE SURFACES; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; ADSORPTION; TIO2(110); SORPTION AB The rutile (110)-aqueous solution interface structure was measured in deionized water (DIW) and 1 molal (m) RbCl + RbOH solution (pH 12) at 25 degrees C with the X-ray crystal truncation rod method. The rutile surface in both solutions consists of a stoichiometric (1 x 1) surface unit mesh with the surface terminated by bridging oxygen (BO) and terminal oxygen (TO) sites, with a mixture of water molecules and hydroxyl groups (OH-) occupying the TO sites. An additional hydration layer is observed above the TO site, with three distinct water adsorption sites each having well-defined vertical and lateral locations. Rb+ specifically adsorbs at the tetradentate site between the TO and BO sites, replacing one of the adsorbed water molecules at the interface. There is no further ordered water structure observed above the hydration layer. Structural displacements of atoms at the oxide surface are sensitive to the solution composition. Ti atom displacements from their bulk lattice positions, as large as 0.05 A at the rutile (110)-DIW interface, decay in magnitude into the crystal with significant relaxations that are observable down to the fourth Ti-layer below the surface. A systematic outward shift was observed for Ti atom locations below the BO rows, while a systematic inward displacement was found for Ti atoms below the TO rows. The Ti displacements were mostly reduced in contact with the RbCl solution at pH 12, with no statistically significant relaxations in the fourth layer Ti atoms. The distance between the surface 5-fold Ti atoms and the oxygen atoms of the TO site is 2.13 +/- 0.03 angstrom in DIW and 2.05 +/- 0.03 angstrom in the Rb+ solution, suggesting molecular adsorption of water at the TO site to the rutile (110) surface in DIW, while at pH 12, adsorption at the TO site is primarily in the form of an adsorbed hydroxyl group. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, CHM, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CHM, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zhanzhang@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; NR 59 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 4 BP 1129 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.12.007 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149OH UT WOS:000245155800036 ER PT J AU Rice, SF McDaniel, AH Hecht, ES Hardy, AJJ AF Rice, Steven F. McDaniel, Anthony H. Hecht, Ethan S. Hardy, Alicia J. J. TI Methane partial oxidation catalyzed by platinum and rhodium in a high-temperature stagnation flow reactor SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHESIS GAS-FORMATION; ACTIVE SURFACE SITES; SYNGAS; RH; CONVERSION; MECHANISM; OXYGEN; H-2; CO; PYROLYSIS AB A series of measurements investigating the partial oxidation chemistry of methane and oxygen over platinum and rhodium foils was performed in a stagnation flow reactor at a pressure of 30 Torr. Products from the reactions on the catalytic substrates were quantitatively analyzed via mass spectrometry for consumption of the reactants, methane and oxygen, and for production of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Reactivity for fractional methane conversion, along with hydrogen and carbon monoxide selectivities versus water and carbon dioxide, respectively, were determined over a temperature range of 700-1350 degrees C. Three reactant stoichiometries were investigated, corresponding to methane-to-oxygen equivalence ratios of 3, 4, and 6. The results highlight differences in the behavior of the two metals over a range of conditions. In general agreement with earlier work, rhodium seems to exhibit greater reactivity. At low temperatures, heavy coking was observed on platinum over time, and rhodium exhibited a susceptibility to deactivation at lean equivalence ratios. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sfrice@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1114 EP 1119 DI 10.1021/ie060892x PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 133GC UT WOS:000244000400016 ER PT J AU Collins, MJ Kempe, D Saia, J Young, M AF Collins, Michael J. Kempe, David Saia, Jared Young, Maxwell TI Nonnegative integral subset representations of integer sets SO INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE approximation algorithms; combinatorial problems; heuristics; additive number theory; radiology AB We consider an integer-subset representation problem motivated by a medical application in radiation therapy. We prove NP-completeness, derive nontrivial bounds, and report on the performance of a greedy heuristic. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Collins, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mjcolli@sandia.gov; clkempe@usc.edu; saia@cs.unm.edu; young@cs.unm.edu NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0020-0190 J9 INFORM PROCESS LETT JI Inf. Process. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.ipl.2006.08.007 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 127ZY UT WOS:000243626400008 ER PT J AU Cui, LF Wang, LM Wang, LS AF Cui, Li-Feng Wang, Lei-Ming Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Evolution of the electronic properties of Sn-n(-) clusters (n=4-45) and the semiconductor-to-metal transition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SIZED SILICON CLUSTERS; GERMANIUM CLUSTERS; TIN CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; QUANTUM CONFINEMENT; GROWTH-PATTERNS; LEAD CLUSTERS; ANIONS; SI AB The electronic structure of Sn-n(-) clusters (n=4-45) was examined using photoelectron spectroscopy at photon energies of 6.424 eV (193 nm) and 4.661 eV (266 nm) to probe the semiconductor-to-metal transition. Well resolved photoelectron spectra were obtained for small Sn-n(-) clusters (n <= 25), whereas more congested spectra were observed with increasing cluster size. A distinct energy gap was observed in the photoelectron spectra of Sn-n(-) clusters with n <= 41, suggesting the semiconductor nature of small neutral tin clusters. For Sn-n(-) clusters with n >= 42, the photoelectron spectra became continuous and no well-defined energy gap was observed, indicating the onset of metallic behavior for the large Sn-n clusters. The photoelectron spectra thus revealed a distinct semiconductor-to-metal transition for Sn-n clusters at n=42. The spectra of small Sn-n(-) clusters (n <= 13) were also compared with those of the corresponding Si-n(-) and Ge-n(-) clusters, and similarities were found between the spectra of Sn-n(-) and those of Ge-n(-) in this size range, except for Sn-12(-), which led to the discovery of stannaspherene (the icosahedral Sn-12(2-)) previously [L. F. Cui et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 8391 (2006)]. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cui, LF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Leiming/A-3937-2011 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 6 AR 064505 DI 10.1063/1.2435347 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 136US UT WOS:000244250200023 PM 17313227 ER PT J AU Lee, KKM Benedetti, LR Jeanloz, R Celliers, PM Eggert, JH Hicks, DG Moon, SJ Mackinnon, A Da Silva, LB Bradley, DK Unites, W Collins, GW Henry, E Koenig, M Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Pasley, J Neely, D AF Lee, Kanani K. M. Benedetti, L. Robin Jeanloz, Raymond Celliers, Peter M. Eggert, Jon H. Hicks, Damien G. Moon, Stephen J. Mackinnon, Andrew Da Silva, Luis B. Bradley, David K. Unites, Walter Collins, Gilbert W. Henry, Emeric Koenig, Michel Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Pasley, John Neely, David TI Laser-driven shock experiments on precompressed water: Implications for 'icy' giant planets (vol 125, art no 014701, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Polytech, Lab LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Lee, KKM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kanani@physics.nmsu.edu RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 6 AR 069902 DI 10.1063/1.2434949 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 136US UT WOS:000244250200045 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Liu, Da-Jiang Evans, J. W. TI Fronts and fluctuations in a tailored model for CO oxidation on metal(100) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PD(100); OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; ADLAYERS; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; PT(111) AB An atomistic lattice-gas model is developed for CO oxidation on unreconstructed metal (100) surfaces. The model is tailored to incorporate the most essential features of such systems: multiple adsorption sites; short-ranged repulsive adspecies interactions; highly mobile CO; and the appropriate Langmuir-Hinshelwood adsorption-desorption and reaction kinetics. The model is applied to analyse both reaction front propagation on extended surfaces and fluctuation phenomena in nanoscale reaction systems. Contrasting conventional ultra-high-vacuum studies, we focus on behaviour at higher pressures or lower temperatures where higher adspecies coverages can result in phase separation of the reactive state into a c(2 x 2)-O-rich ordered state and an intermixed CO + O state. This phenomenon can produce sharp reaction fronts in extended systems and fluctuation-induced transitions between phase-separated states in nanoscale systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 AR 065129 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/6/065129 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130OU UT WOS:000243809700030 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JL Zuo, XB Goshe, AJ Sarkisov, L Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Tiede, DM AF O'Donnell, Jodi L. Zuo, Xiaobing Goshe, Andrew J. Sarkisov, Lev Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Tiede, David M. TI Solution-phase structural characterization of supramolecular assemblies by molecular diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SOLUTION SCATTERING; COORDINATION CAGE; SELECTIVE TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; SQUARES; CHEMISTRY; PROTEINS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES AB Structures of four molecular squares based on rhenium coordination chemistry have been characterized in the solution phase using pair distribution function (PDF) analyses of wide-angle X-ray scattering measured to better than 1 A spatial resolution. In this report we have focused, in particular, on a comparison of structures for pyrazine- and bipyridine-edged squares measured in solution with structures determined for these molecules in the solid state using X-ray crystallography and models derived from geometry optimization and molecular dynamics simulations using a classical force field. The wide-angle scattering for these assemblies is dominated by pair correlations involving one or more rhenium atoms, with both edge and diagonal Re-Re interactions appearing prominently in PDF plots. The pyrazine square is characterized by a relatively rigid structure in solution, with PDF peak positions and linewidths corresponding closely to those calculated from crystal structure data. For the bipyridine-edged square, the experimental PDF peaks measured along the molecular sides match the positions and linewidths of the PDF peaks calculated from static models. In contrast, PDF peaks measured across the diagonal distances of the molecular square deviate significantly from those calculated from the static crystallographic and energy minimized models. The experimental data are instead indicative of configurational broadening of the diagonal distances. In this respect, molecular dynamics simulations point to the importance of butterfly type motions that modulate the Re-Re diagonal distance. Indeed, the experimental data are reasonably well fit by assuming a bimodal distribution of butterfly conformers differing by similar to 25 degrees in the Re-Re-Re-Re torsion angle. Additionally, the measurements provide evidence for solvent ordering by the supramolecular assemblies detected as regions of solvent association and exclusion. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tiede, DM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tiede@anl.gov RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Snurr, Randall/E-4900-2011; Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012; OI Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812; Zuo, Xiaobing/0000-0002-0134-4804 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1578 EP 1585 DI 10.1021/ja0659065 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 133GF UT WOS:000244000700038 PM 17284002 ER PT J AU Walker, DD Roberts, RM AF Walker, Douglas D. Roberts, Randall M. TI Reply to comment by Chia-Shyun Chen and I.Y. Liu on "Flow dimensions corresponding to hydrogeologic conditions" SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walker, DD (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM ddwalker@uiuc.edu; rmrober@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 AR W02602 DI 10.1029/2006WR005781 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 138RC UT WOS:000244378900007 ER PT J AU Vaknin, D Bu, W Satija, SK Travesset, A AF Vaknin, David Bu, Wei Satija, Sushil K. Travesset, Alex TI Ordering by collapse: Formation of bilayer and trilayer crystals by folding Langmuir monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; FATTY-ACID MONOLAYERS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STEARIC ACID; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGED INTERFACES; METAL-IONS; REFLECTION; SURFACE; FILMS AB Neutron and synchrotron X-ray studies of arachidic-acid monolayers compressed to the collapse region, beyond their densely packed molecular area, reveal that the resulting structures exhibit a surprising degree of reproducibility and of order. The structure of the collapsed monolayers differs for films that are spread on pure water or on CaCl2 solutions. On pure water, the collapsed monolayer forms a stable crystalline trilayer structure, with acyl-chain in-plane packing practically identical to the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure of fatty acids. For monolayers spread on Ca2+ solutions, the collapsed film consists of a bi- and trilayer mixture with a ratio that changes by the collapse protocol. Our analysis suggests that the bilayer structure is inverted, i.e., with the hydrophobic tails in contact with the water surface and the calcium ions bridging the polar heads. The inverted bilayer structure possesses a well-ordered crystalline slab of calcium oxalate monohydrate intercalated between two acyl chains. We provide theoretical arguments rationalizing that the observed structures have lower free energies compared with other possible structures and contend that the collapsed structures may, under certain circumstances, form spontaneously. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; Bu, Wei/Q-1390-2016 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Bu, Wei/0000-0002-9996-3733 NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1888 EP 1897 DI 10.1021/la062672u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 133CW UT WOS:000243990200042 PM 17279671 ER PT J AU Ramasamy, P El-Maghrabi, MR Halada, G Miller, LM Rafailovich, M AF Ramasamy, Perumal El-Maghrabi, M. Raafat Halada, Gary Miller, Lisa M. Rafailovich, Miriam TI Examination of interactions of oppositely charged proteins in gels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GENE DELIVERY; SERUM-ALBUMIN; DNA; POLYPEPTIDES; BINDING; SPECTRA AB Understanding the interactions of proteins with one another serves as an important step for developing faster protein separation methods. To examine protein-protein interactions of oppositely charged proteins, fluorescently labeled albumin and poly-L-lysine were subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gels, in which the cationic albumin and the anionic poly-L-lysine were allowed to migrate toward each other and interact. Fluorescence microscopy was used to image fluorescently tagged proteins in the gel. The secondary structure of the proteins in solution was studied using conventional FTIR spectroscopy. Results showed that sharp interfaces were formed where FITC tagged albumin met poly-L-lysine and that the interfaces did not migrate after they had been formed. The position of the interface in the gel was found to be linearly dependent upon the relative concentration of the proteins. The formation of the interface also depended upon the fluorescent tag attached to the protein. The size of the aggregates at the interface, the fluorescence intensity modifications, and the mobility of the interface for different pore sizes of the gel were investigated. It was observed that the interface was made up of aggregates of about 1 mu m in size. Using dynamic light scattering, it was observed that the size of the aggregates that formed due to interactions of oppositely charged proteins depended upon the fluorescent tags attached to the proteins. The addition of small amounts of poly-L-lysine to solutions containing FITC albumin decreased the zeta potential drastically. For this, we propose a model suggesting that adding small amounts of poly-L-lysine to solutions containing FITC -albumin favors the formation of macromolecular complexes having FITC albumin molecules on its surface. Although oppositely charged FITC tagged poly-L-lysine and FITC tagged albumin influence each other's migration velocities by forming aggregates, there were no observable secondary structural modifications when the proteins were mixed in solution. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ramasamy, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM miriam.rafailovich@sunysb.edu; popeye_iit@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 2021 EP 2029 DI 10.1021/la062365o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 133CW UT WOS:000243990200061 PM 17279690 ER PT J AU Jackson, BL Groves, JT AF Jackson, Bryan L. Groves, Jay T. TI Hybrid protein-lipid patterns from aluminum templates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITION ARRAYS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; BILAYERS; MEMBRANES; CONJUGATION; MOBILITY; BINDING; DNA; PH AB An aqueous aluminum liftoff process suitable for fabrication of hybrid patterns of protein and supported lipid membrane on silica surfaces is described. Patterned aluminum thin films, which can be produced by conventional optical or electron beam lithography, are employed as sacrificial protecting layers to define the geometry of the protein-lipid patterns. The aluminum is lifted off in a mildly basic aqueous solution, which preserves the integrity of bound protein layers. The newly exposed substrate can then be filled with supported membrane by exposure to an aqueous vesicle suspension. The final substrate consists of patterned protein and lipid membranes with spatial resolution determined by aluminum patterns, down to 200 nm line widths in this case. Inorganic surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while supported bilayers and protein patterns were characterized by epifluorescence microscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtgroves@lbl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-002027]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08295] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 2052 EP 2057 DI 10.1021/la062667q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 133CW UT WOS:000243990200065 PM 17279694 ER PT J AU Liu, JW Brown, AK Meng, XL Cropek, DM Istok, JD Watson, DB Lu, Y AF Liu, Juewen Brown, Andrea K. Meng, Xiangli Cropek, Donald M. Istok, Jonathan D. Watson, David B. Lu, Yi TI A catalytic beacon sensor for uranium with parts-per-trillion sensitivity and millionfold selectivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DNA; DNAzyme; fluorescence; deoxyribozyme; catalytic DNA ID FLUORESCENT DNAZYME BIOSENSORS; IN-VITRO SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MOLECULAR BEACONS; TRACE LEVELS; DNA ENZYMES; METAL-IONS; ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Here, we report a catalytic beacon sensor for uranyl (UO22+) based on an in vitro-selected UO22+-specific DNAzyme. The sensor consists of a DNA enzyme strand with a 3' quencher and a DNA substrate with a ribonucleotide adenosine (rA) in the middle and a fluorophore and a cluencher at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. The of UO22+ presence causes catalytic cleavage of the DNA substrate strand at the rA position and release of the fluorophore and thus dramatic increase of fluorescence intensity. The sensor has a detection limit of 11 parts per trillion (45 pM), a dynamic range up to 400 nM, and selectivity of > 1-million-fold over other metal ions. The most interfering metal ion, Th(IV), interacts with the fluorescein fluorophore, causing slightly enhanced fluorescence intensity, with an apparent dissociation constant of approximate to 230 mu M. This sensor rivals the most sensitive analytical instruments for uranium detection, and its application in detecting uranium in contaminated soil samples is also demonstrated. This work shows that simple, cost-effective, and portable metal sensors can be obtained with similar sensitivity and selectivity as much more expensive and sophisticated analytical instruments. Such a sensor will play an important role in environmental remediation of radionuclides such as uranium. C1 Univ Illinois, Chem & Life Sci Labs, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. Oregon State Univ, Civil Construct & Environm Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chem & Life Sci Labs, Box 8-6,MC 712,600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yi-lu@uiuc.edu RI Lu, Yi/B-5461-2010; Liu, Juewen/A-2701-2014; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Lu, Yi/0000-0003-1221-6709; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES014125, R41 ES014125, R42 ES014125] NR 47 TC 245 Z9 251 U1 22 U2 101 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 7 BP 2056 EP 2061 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607875104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 139NJ UT WOS:000244438500007 PM 17284609 ER PT J AU Finney, L Mandava, S Ursos, L Zhang, W Rodi, D Vogt, S Legnini, D Maser, J Ikpatt, F Olopade, OI Glesne, D AF Finney, Lydia Mandava, Suneeta Ursos, Lyann Zhang, Wen Rodi, Diane Vogt, Stefan Legnini, Daniel Maser, Jorg Ikpatt, Francis Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. Glesne, David TI X-ray fluorescence microscopy reveals large-scale relocalization and extracellular translocation of cellular copper during angiogenesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE copper chelation; human microvascular endothelial cells; infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; MORPHOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION; CANCER; TETRATHIOMOLYBDATE; COMPLEXES; HEPARIN; BINDING; SYSTEM AB Although copper has been reported to influence numerous proteins known to be important for angiogenesis, the enhanced sensitivity of this developmental process to copper bioavailability has remained an enigma, because copper metalloproteins are prevalent and essential throughout all cells. Recent developments in x-ray optics at third-gene ration synchrotron sources have provided a resource for highly sensitive visualization and quantitation of metalloproteins in biological samples. Here, we report the application of x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to in vitro models of angiogenesis and neurogenesis, revealing a surprisingly dramatic spatial relocalization specific to capillary formation of 80-90% of endogenous cellular copper stores from intracellular compartments to the tips of nascent endothelial cell filopodia and across the cell membrane. Although copper chelation had no effect on process formation, an almost complete ablation of network formation was observed. XFM of highly vascularized ductal carcinomas showed copper clustering in putative neoangiogenic areas. This use of XFM for the study of a dynamic developmental process not only sheds light on the copper requirement for endothelial tube formation but highlights the value of synchrotron-based facilities in biological research. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Hematol Oncol Sect, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60615 USA. RP Glesne, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dgiesne@anl.gov RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 34 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 7 BP 2247 EP 2252 DI 10.1073/pnas.0607238104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 139NJ UT WOS:000244438500039 PM 17283338 ER PT J AU Walter, JM Greenfield, D Bustamante, C Liphardt, J AF Walter, Jessica M. Greenfield, Derek Bustamante, Carlos Liphardt, Jan TI Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE light-driven proton pumps; oceanic bacteria ID FLAGELLAR MOTOR; OCEAN; SEA; PHOTOTROPHY; GENES; FORCE; SAR11 AB Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a light-powered proton pump identified by community sequencing of ocean samples. Previous studies have established the ecological distribution and enzymatic activity of PR, but its role in powering cells and participation in ocean energy fluxes remains unclear. Here, we show that when cellular respiration is inhibited by depleting oxygen or by the respiratory poison azide, Escherichia coli cells expressing PR become light-powered. Illumination of these cells with light coinciding with PR's absorption spectrum creates a proton motive force (pmf) that turns the flagellar motor, yielding cells that swim when illuminated with green light. By measuring the pmf of individual illuminated cells, we quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents, estimate the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of PR (10(3) photons per second/nm(2)), and show that light-driven pumping by PR can fully replace respiration as a cellular energy source in some environmental conditions. Moreover, sunlight-illuminated PR+ cells are less sensitive to azide than PR- cells, consistent with PR+ cells possessing an alternative means of maintaining cellular pmf and, thus, viability. Proteorhodopsin allows Escherichia coli cells to withstand environmental respiration challenges by harvesting light energy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liphardt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liphardt@physics.berkeley.edu RI Liphardt, Jan/A-5906-2012; OI Liphardt, Jan/0000-0003-2835-5025 NR 31 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 7 BP 2408 EP 2412 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611035104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 139NJ UT WOS:000244438500066 PM 17277079 ER PT J AU Archibald, R Datskos, P Devault, G Lamberti, V Lavrik, N Noid, D Sepaniak, M Dutta, P AF Archibald, Rick Datskos, Panos Devault, Gerald Lamberti, Vincent Lavrik, Nickolay Noid, Don Sepaniak, Michael Dutta, Pampa TI Independent component analysis of nanomechanical responses of cantilever arrays SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE independent component analysis; functionalized cantilever arrays; neural networks; nanomechanical sensors ID SENSOR ARRAY; MICROCANTILEVERS; SYSTEM; NOSE AB The ability to detect and identify chemical and biological elements in air or liquid environments is of far reaching importance. Performing this task using technology that minimally impacts the perceived environment is the ultimate goal. The development of functionalized cantilever arrays with nanomechanical sensing is an important step towards this goal. This report couples the feature extraction abilities of independent component analysis (ICA) and the classification techniques of neural networks to analyze the signals produced by microcantilever-array-based nanomechanical sensors. The unique capabilities of this analysis unleash the potential of this sensing technology to accurately identify chemical mixtures and concentrations. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the knowledge of how the sensor array reacts to individual analytes in isolation is sufficient information to decode mixtures of analytes-a substantial benefit, significantly increasing the analytical utility of these sensing devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Archibald, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM archibaldrk@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011; Archibald, Rick/I-6238-2016 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634; Archibald, Rick/0000-0002-4538-9780 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 584 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 133NX UT WOS:000244020700015 PM 17386591 ER PT J AU Garces, JE Bozzolo, G Hofman, G Rest, J AF Garces, Jorge E. Bozzolo, Guillermo Hofman, Gerard Rest, Jeffrey TI Role of Si on the Al behavior in the reaction layer of Al/UMo diffusion couples SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION BEHAVIOR; DISPERSION FUEL; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ALLOY; ALUMINUM AB The basic experimental features characterizing the Al-Si/U-Mo interface are identified in this atomistic modeling effort, such as the formation of interfacial compounds, Si depletion in the Al matrix near the interface, reduced Al diffusion in the UMo solid solution, and the interaction between Mo and Si which inhibits Al and Si diffusion to the UMo bulk. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Garces, JE (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM guillermobozzolo@oai.org NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 AR 074104 DI 10.1063/1.2535592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UO UT WOS:000244249800092 ER PT J AU Hua, J Xiao, ZL Rosenmann, D Beloborodov, I Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Hua, J. Xiao, Z. L. Rosenmann, D. Beloborodov, I. Welp, U. Kwok, W. K. Crabtree, G. W. TI Resistance anomaly in disordered superconducting films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; THIN-FILMS; ARRAYS; TRANSITION; CURRENTS; LATTICE; METALS AB The authors report on a resistance anomaly in disordered superconducting films containing arrays of irregularly distributed nanoscale holes. At high driving currents, peaks appear in the resistance as a function of temperature, with peak values up to 2% above the classic normal-state resistance. The authors attribute the observed resistance anomaly to dissipation-induced granularity which enhances the contributions from fluctuation-induced reduction of the density of states of the quasiparticles. The granular feature of a disordered superconducting film originates from the inhomogeneous temperature distribution caused by the variation of the local dissipation and/or heat transfer. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Hua, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zxiao@niu.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 AR 072507 DI 10.1063/1.2680068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UO UT WOS:000244249800046 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Bei, H Liu, CT George, EP AF Liu, Y. Bei, H. Liu, C. T. George, E. P. TI Cooling-rate induced softening in a Zr50Cu50 bulk metallic glass SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLOW; RELAXATION; LIQUIDS AB Contrary to the cooling-rate induced hardening observed in crystalline metals, the authors report here an unexpected surface softening in rapidly solidified Zr50Cu50 bulk metallic glass. A soft layer similar to 500 mu m thick was detected near the surface with both hardness and elastic modulus increasing from the surface to the interior. To understand the reason for this, a correlation between cooling rate and defect concentration was derived. Defect concentration was found to increase as the cooling rate increased, suggesting that surface softening may be the result of freezing-in of excess defects, induced by a faster cooling rate near the surface compared to the interior. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. EM yonliu11@yahoo.com.cn RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 17 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 AR 071909 DI 10.1063/1.2678909 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UO UT WOS:000244249800023 ER PT J AU Pabst, GW Martin, LW Chu, YH Ramesh, R AF Pabst, Gary W. Martin, Lane W. Chu, Ying-Hao Ramesh, R. TI Leakage mechanisms in BiFeO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; CAPACITORS AB The authors report results of transport studies on high quality, fully epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition on SrRuO3/DyScO3 (110) substrates. Ferroelectric tests were conducted using symmetric and asymmetric device structures with either SrRuO3 or Pt top electrodes and SrRuO3 bottom electrodes. Comparison between these structures demonstrates the influence of electrode selection on the dominant transport mechanism. Analysis of film electrical response suggests Poole-Frenkel emission as the limiting leakage current mechanism in the symmetric structure. Temperature dependent measurements yield trap ionization energies of similar to 0.65-0.8 eV. No clear dominant leakage mechanism was observed for the asymmetric structure. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwmartin@berkeley.edu RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011 OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513 NR 23 TC 284 Z9 294 U1 21 U2 142 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 7 AR 072902 DI 10.1063/1.2535663 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UO UT WOS:000244249800049 ER PT J AU Shuford, KL Gray, SK Ratner, MA Schatz, GC AF Shuford, Kevin L. Gray, Stephen K. Ratner, Mark A. Schatz, George C. TI Substrate effects on surface plasmons in single nanoholes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; MODE WAVE-GUIDES; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; FLUORESCENCE; SCATTERING; FILM AB Light transmission and electric field enhancement are calculated for a cylindrical aperture in a silver slab resting on a glass substrate. We find that these properties are influenced significantly by the presence of the substrate. The results suggest that variations in the local dielectric alter the properties of localized surface plasmons that drive the field enhancement and transmission. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Shuford, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shufordkl@ornl.gov RI Mote, Rakesh/A-9534-2009; Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 435 IS 1-3 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.12.062 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 137KY UT WOS:000244292700026 ER PT J AU Grinstein, B Cirigliano, V Isidori, G Wise, MB AF Grinstein, Benjamin Cirigliano, Vincenzo Isidori, Gino Wise, Mark B. TI Grand unification and the principle of minimal flavor violation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID SU(5); WEAK AB Minimal Flavor Violation is an attractive approach to suppress unacceptably large flavor changing neutral currents from beyond the standard model physics at the TeV scale. It can be used in theories with low energy supersymmetry, multi Higgs doublet theories and other extensions of the minimal standard model. We show how minimal flavor violation can be implemented in Grand Unified theories. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Grinstein, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bgrinstein@ucsd.edu RI Grinstein, Benjamin/H-5777-2015; OI Grinstein, Benjamin/0000-0003-2447-4756; Cirigliano, Vincenzo/0000-0002-9056-754X NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 763 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.11.005 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000243912400002 ER PT J AU Cirigliano, V Isidori, G Porretti, V AF Cirigliano, Vincenzo Isidori, Gino Porretti, Valentina TI CP violation and leptogenesis in models with minimal lepton flavour violation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; RESONANT LEPTOGENESIS; SEESAW MODEL; BARYOGENESIS; ASYMMETRY; DECAYS; MASSES AB We investigate the viability of leptogenesis in models with three heavy right-handed neutrinos, where the charged-lepton and the neutrino Yukawa couplings are the only irreducible sources of lepton-flavour symmetry breaking (minimal lepton flavour violation hypothesis). We show that in this framework a specific type of resonant leptogenesis can be successfully accomplished, whose distinctive feature is the raise of the baryon asymmetry with the mass scale of right-handed neutrinos for M(nu)greater than or similar to 10(11) GeV. For M(nu) around and below this scale, the baryon asymmetry tends to be below the experimental range in most of the parameter space of these models (in the limit of one effective light Higgs boson or two Higgs doublets and tan beta=O(l)). By means of a general effective field theory approach, we analyse the impact of the CP violating phases responsible for leptogenesis on the low-energy FCNC observables and derive bounds on the scale of flavour violating new physics interactions. As a result of the high value of the scale of total lepton-number violation, in this class of models the mu -> e gamma decay is expected to be close to the present exclusion limit (under the additional assumption of new particles carrying lepton flavour at the TeV scale). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Isidori, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Via E Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EM isidori@lnf.infn.it OI Cirigliano, Vincenzo/0000-0002-9056-754X NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 763 IS 1-2 BP 228 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.11.015 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000243912400011 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Minor, A Schneider, J Ma, E Boyce, B Muhistein, C AF Zhang, Xinghang Minor, Andrew Schneider, Judy Ma, Evan Boyce, Brad Muhistein, Christopher TI Proceedings of the TMS Symposium - Mechanical behaviour of thin films and small structures - San Francisco, California, February 13-17, 2005 - Preface SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhangx@tamu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 6 BP 3151 EP 3151 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.011 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140HZ UT WOS:000244496800001 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Swadener, JG Lakes, RS AF Wang, Yun-Che Swadener, John G. Lakes, Roderic S. TI Anomalies in stiffness and damping of a 2D discrete viscoelastic system due to negative stiffness components SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures held at the 2005TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE negative stiffness; viscoelasticity; Lyapunov stability ID POISSONS RATIO; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; PHASE; STABILITY; INCLUSIONS; ELEMENTS; FILMS AB The recent development of using negative stiffness inclusions to achieve extreme overall stiffness and mechanical damping of composite materials reveals a new avenue for constructing high performance materials. One of the negative stiffness sources can be obtained from phase transforming materials in the vicinity of their phase transition, as suggested by the Landau theory. To understand the underlying mechanism from a microscopic viewpoint, we theoretically analyze a 2D, nested triangular lattice cell with pre-chosen elements containing negative stiffness to demonstrate anomalies in overall stiffness and damping. Combining with current knowledge from continuum models, based on the composite theory, such as the Voigt, Reuss, and Hashin-Shtrikman model, we further explore the stability of the system with Lyapunov's indirect stability theorem. The evolution of the microstructure in terms of the discrete system is discussed. A potential application of the results presented here is to develop special thin films with unusual in-plane mechanical properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Engn Mech Program, Dept Biomed Engn,Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yunche@lanl.gov RI Wang, Yunche/A-4869-2010; OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 6 BP 3171 EP 3178 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.031 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140HZ UT WOS:000244496800005 ER PT J AU Jin, M Minor, AM Morris, JW AF Jin, M. Minor, A. M. Morris, J. W., Jr. TI Strain-induced coarsening in nano-grained films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures held at the 2005TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE TEM; nanoindentation; nano-grained microstructure; deformation mechanisms ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The potential use of nanostructured materials in structural applications is severely restricted by their low ductility, which due to a limited capacity for work-hardening. Since nanogram size eliminates the dislocation-dislocation interactions that ordinarily control work-hardening, new hardening mechanisms must be identified and exploited if this problem is to be overcome. One possible approach to controlling work hardening is to exploit strain-induced reconfiguration or coarsening of the grains themselves. In the present work, we discuss recent observations of mechanically induced grain coarsening during the nanoindentation of micro-grained and nanograined aluminum. These phenomena are studied directly through in situ nanoindentation in an electron microscope. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwmorris@berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 6 BP 3202 EP 3207 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.052 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140HZ UT WOS:000244496800010 ER PT J AU Mara, NA Tamayo, T Sergueeva, AV Zhang, X Misra, A Mukherjee, AK AF Mara, N. A. Tamayo, T. Sergueeva, A. V. Zhang, X. Misra, A. Mukherjee, A. K. TI The effects of decreasing layer thickness on the high temperature mechanical behavior of Cu/Nb nanoscale multilayers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures held at the 2005TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE copper; niobium; multilayers; nanostructures ID FILMS; CREEP; HARDNESS AB The microstructure and high temperature mechanical behavior of textured, polycrystalline Cu-Nb nanolayered composites prepared by magnetron sputtering were evaluated. Layer thicknesses of 75, 60, and 40 nm were tested in an effort to investigate the high temperature mechanical properties of freestanding thin film multilayers. Effects of decreasing layer thickness on high temperature properties show a dependence of strength and ductility on layer thickness and test temperature. Fracture surface analysis, along with strain rate jump test results, show boundary sliding as a probable deformation mechanism under certain conditions. The role of elevated-temperature deformation mechanisms such as interlayer and grain boundary sliding are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukherjee, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akmukherjee@ucdavis.edu RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Mara, Nathan/J-4509-2014; OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Mara, Nathan/0000-0002-9135-4693 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 6 BP 3241 EP 3245 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.036 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140HZ UT WOS:000244496800013 ER PT J AU Alsem, DH Stach, EA Dugger, MT Enachescu, M Ritchie, RO AF Alsem, D. H. Stach, E. A. Dugger, M. T. Enachescu, M. Ritchie, R. O. TI An electron microscopy study of wear in polysilicon microelectromechanical systems in ambient air SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Thin Films and Small Structures held at the 2005TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE silicon; MEMS; wear; electron microscopy ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; FRICTION; FAILURE; DEVICES; LAYER; MEMS AB Wear is a critical factor in determining the durability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). While the reliability of polysilicon MEMS has received extensive attention, the mechanisms responsible for this failure mode at the microscale have yet to be conclusively determined. We have used on-chip polycrystalline silicon side-wall friction MEMS specimens to study active mechanisms during sliding wear in ambient air. Worn parts were examined by analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy, while local temperature changes were monitored using advanced infrared microscopy. Observations show that small amorphous debris particles (similar to 50-100 nm) are removed by fracture through the silicon grains (similar to 500 nm) and are oxidized during this process. Agglomeration of such debris particles into larger clusters also occurs. Some of these debris particles/clusters create plowing tracks on the beam surface. A nano-crystalline surface layer (similar to 20-200 nm), with higher oxygen content, forms during wear at and below regions of the worn surface; its formation is likely aided by high local stresses. No evidence of dislocation plasticity or of extreme local temperature increases was found, ruling out the possibility of high temperature-assisted wear mechanisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alsem, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhalsem@lbl.gov RI Enachescu, Marius/C-4963-2011; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 12 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 6 BP 3259 EP 3266 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.038 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140HZ UT WOS:000244496800016 ER PT J AU Catanesi, MG Muciaccia, MT Radicioni, E Simone, S Edgecock, R Ellis, M Robbins, S Soler, FJP Gossling, C Mass, M Bunyatov, S Chukanov, A Klimov, O Krasin, I Krasnoperov, A Kustov, D Popov, B Serdiouk, V Tereshchenko, V Carassiti, V Di Capua, E Evangelisti, F Vidal-Sitjes, G Artamonov, A Arce, P Brocard, R Decreuse, G Friend, B Giani, S Gilardoni, S Gorbunov, P Grant, A Grossheim, A Gruber, P Ivanchenko, V Legrand, JC Kayis-Topaksu, A Panman, J Papadopoulos, I Pasternak, J Tcherniaev, E Tsukerman, I van der Vlugt, R Veenhof, R Wiebusch, C Zucchelli, P Blondel, A Borghi, S Campanelli, M Cervera-Villanueva, A Morone, MC Prior, G Schroeter, R Kato, I Gastaldi, U Mills, GB Graulich, JS Gregoire, G Bonesini, M Chignoli, F Ferri, F Paleari, F Kirsanov, M Postoev, V Bagulya, A Grichine, V Polukhina, N Palladino, V Coney, L Schmitz, D Barr, G De Santo, A Pattison, C Zuber, K Barichello, G Bobisut, F Gibin, D Guglielmi, A Laveder, M Menegolli, A Mezzetto, M Pepato, A Dumarchez, J Troquereau, S Vannucci, F Dore, U Iaciofano, A Lobello, M Marinilli, F Orestano, D Panayotov, D Pasquali, M Pastore, F Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Booth, C Buttar, C Hodgson, P Howlett, L Nicholson, R Bogomilov, M Burin, K Chizhov, M Kolev, D Petev, P Rusinov, I Tsenov, R Piperov, S Temnikov, P Apollonio, M Chimenti, P Giannini, G Santin, G Burguet-Castell, J Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Novella, P Sorel, M Tornero, A AF Catanesi, M. G. Muciaccia, M. T. Radicioni, E. Simone, S. Edgecock, R. Ellis, M. Robbins, S. Soler, F. J. P. Goessling, C. Mass, M. Bunyatov, S. Chukanov, A. Klimov, O. Krasin, I. Krasnoperov, A. Kustov, D. Popov, B. Serdiouk, V. Tereshchenko, V. Carassiti, V. Di Capua, E. Evangelisti, F. Vidal-Sitjes, G. Artamonov, A. Arce, P. Brocard, R. Decreuse, G. Friend, B. Giani, S. Gilardoni, S. Gorbunov, P. Grant, A. Grossheim, A. Gruber, P. Ivanchenko, V. Legrand, J. -C. Kayis-Topaksu, A. Panman, J. Papadopoulos, I. Pasternak, J. Tcherniaev, E. Tsukerman, I. van der Vlugt, R. Veenhof, R. Wiebusch, C. Zucchelli, P. Blondel, A. Borghi, S. Campanelli, M. Cervera-Villanueva, A. Morone, M. C. Prior, G. Schroeter, R. Kato, I. Gastaldi, U. Mills, G. B. Graulich, J. S. Gregoire, G. Bonesini, M. Chignoli, F. Ferri, F. Paleari, F. Kirsanov, M. Postoev, V. Bagulya, A. Grichine, V. Polukhina, N. Palladino, V. Coney, L. Schmitz, D. Barr, G. De Santo, A. Pattison, C. Zuber, K. Barichello, G. Bobisut, F. Gibin, D. Guglielmi, A. Laveder, M. Menegolli, A. Mezzetto, M. Pepato, A. Dumarchez, J. Troquereau, S. Vannucci, F. Dore, U. Iaciofano, A. Lobello, M. Marinilli, F. Orestano, D. Panayotov, D. Pasquali, M. Pastore, F. Tonazzo, A. Tortora, L. Booth, C. Buttar, C. Hodgson, P. Howlett, L. Nicholson, R. Bogomilov, M. Burin, K. Chizhov, M. Kolev, D. Petev, P. Rusinov, I. Tsenov, R. Piperov, S. Temnikov, P. Apollonio, M. Chimenti, P. Giannini, G. Santin, G. Burguet-Castell, J. Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. Novella, P. Sorel, M. Tornero, A. TI The HARP detector at the CERN PS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE particle detectors ID ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO FLUX; OF-FLIGHT SYSTEM; CHORUS EXPERIMENT; NOMAD EXPERIMENT; TRIGGER SYSTEM; TOOLKIT; CONSTRUCTION; CALORIMETER; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION AB HARP is a high-statistics, large solid angle experiment to measure hadron production using proton and pion beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c impinging on many different solid and liquid targets from low to high Z. The experiment, located in the T9 beam of the CERN PS, took data in 2001 and 2002. For the measurement of momenta of produced particles and for the identification of particle types, the experiment includes a large-angle spectrometer, based on a Time Projection Chamber and a system of Resistive Plate Chambers, and a forward spectrometer equipped with a set of large drift chambers, a threshold Cherenkov detector, a time-of-flight wall and an electromagnetic calorimeter. The large angle system uses a solenoidal magnet, while the forward spectrometer is based on a dipole magnet. Redundancy in particle identification has been sought, to enable the cross-calibration of efficiencies and to obtain a few percent overall accuracy in the cross-section measurements. Detector construction, operation and initial physics performances are reported. In addition, the full chain for data recording and analysis, from trigger to the software framework, is described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Sezione INFN, I-70121 Bari, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Univ Ferrara, Sezione INFN, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lab Nazl Legnaro, INFN, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. UCL, Inst Phys Nucl, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Milan, Sezione INFN, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Nucl Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, FIAN, PN Lebedev Inst Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, LPNHE, Naples, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy. Univ Rome 3, Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sofia, St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucle Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Trieste, Sezione INFN, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. RP Booth, C (reprint author), Univ Bari, Sezione INFN, I-70121 Bari, Italy. EM C.Booth@Sheffield.ac.uk RI Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; Graulich, Jean-Sebastien/B-4806-2009; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Chimenti, Pietro/F-9898-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Prior, Gersende/I-8191-2013; Bagulya, Alexander/D-4273-2014; Novella, Pau/K-2845-2014; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014; Grichine, Vladimir/M-8526-2015; Polukhina, Natalia/E-1610-2014; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Soler, Paul/E-8464-2011; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/G-3453-2016 OI Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Simone, Saverio/0000-0003-3631-8398; Prior, Gersende/0000-0002-6058-1420; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Bonesini, Maurizio/0000-0001-5119-1896; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Chimenti, Pietro/0000-0002-9755-5066; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Novella, Pau/0000-0002-0923-3172; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Soler, Paul/0000-0002-4893-3729; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635 NR 61 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 3 BP 527 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.08.132 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141KA UT WOS:000244576000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Campisi, I Chu, P Galarnbos, J Henderson, SD AF Zhang, Y. Campisi, I. Chu, P. Galarnbos, J. Henderson, S. D. TI Determination of field amplitude and synchronous phase using the beam-induced signal in an unpowered superconducting cavity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE SC linac; beam loading; synchronous phase; cavity pickup probe calibration AB At the Spallation Neutron Source superconducting linear accelerator, RF fields excited by a pulsed, high-intensity drifting beam in an unpowered superconducting cavity are measured with the cavity control circuit, in order to determine the synchronous phase and to calibrate the pickup probe of the cavity. Measurement errors arising from noise and from the excitation of other pass-band modes in the cavity are analyzed. The phase change due to beam acceleration as well as due to cavity detuning is computed with a model which is described in this paper. Simulation results show excellent agreement with measurements performed in drifting beam experiments. The measured cavity synchronous phase and accelerating gradient determined from the drifting beam measurements are in good agreement with those obtained from a time-of-flight based technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM zhangyn@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 3 BP 574 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.397 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141KA UT WOS:000244576000004 ER PT J AU Wang, L Raubenheimer, TO Stupakov, G AF Wang, L. Raubenheimer, T. O. Stupakov, G. TI Suppression of secondary emission in a magnetic field using triangular and rectangular surfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE electron cloud instability; secondary electron yield; magnetic field; Monte Carlo; grooved surface; sawtooth surface; isosceles triangular surface; rectangular surface ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; THIN-FILM; SIMULATION; YIELD AB The effect of surface roughness on the secondary electron emission from a sawtooth and isosceles triangular surface as well as a rectangular surface in a magnetic field under electron bombardment is investigated using a Monte-Carlo method. In all cases, some of the secondary electrons emitted from the surface return to the surface within their first few gyrations, resulting in a low effective secondary electron yield. Either sawtooth or isosceles triangle surface can significantly reduce the secondary emission yield in a magnetic field below the multipacting threshold with a weak dependence on the size of the surface and magnetic field. Rectangular surfaces can also reduce SEY below 1.0 but have a large sensitivity to the size of the grooves and the magnetic field. The impedance as well as other implementations of the grooved surfaces are also discussed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS66, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM Wanglf@slac.Stanford.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 3 BP 588 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.039 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141KA UT WOS:000244576000006 ER PT J AU Ito, TM Carr, R Filippone, BW Martin, JW Plaster, B Rybka, G Yuan, J AF Ito, T. M. Carr, R. Filippone, B. W. Martin, J. W. Plaster, B. Rybka, G. Yuan, J. TI A multiwire proportional chamber for precision studies of neutron beta decay angular correlations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron beta decay; multiwire proportional chamber; low energy electron detection ID MWPCS AB A new multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) was designed and constructed for precision studies of neutron P decay angular correlations. Its design has several novel features, including the use of low pressure neopentane as the MWPC gas and an entrance window made of thin Mylar sheet reinforced with Kevlar fibers. In the initial off-line performance tests, the gas gain of neopentane and the position resolution were Studied. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ito, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ito@lanl.gov RI Yuan, Junhua/C-7923-2009 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 3 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.026 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141KA UT WOS:000244576000016 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA Cui, Y Li, L James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Carini, G. A. Cui, Y. Li, L. James, R. B. TI Cumulative effects of Te precipitates in CdZnTe radiation detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe detectors; Te precipitates; electron diffusion ID SEMIINSULATING CDZNTE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH AB High-quality radiation detector-grade CdZnTe material is free from large-scale defects, such as grain boundaries, twins, and large Te or Cd inclusions (> 50 mu m), although it usually Contains high concentrations of uniformly distributed Te inclusions and precipitates. typically of similar to 20-mu m-diameter size or smaller. We address the effects of the small-size Te precipitates on charge collection in CZT detectors, the significance of which is not yet well characterized. The strong correlation that we earlier found between the high-resolution X-ray maps and IR images proved that even small Te precipitates call trap substantial fractions of charge from the electron cloud. In this work, we modeled the transport or an electron cloud across idealized CZT devices containing Te precipitates to demonstrate that their cumulative effect can explain the degradation of energy resolution and the detection efficiency losses observed in actual CZT devices. Due to lack of experimental data oil how the Te precipitates interact with an electron cloud. we developed a simplified (phenomenological) model based oil the geometrical aspects of the problem. Despite its simplicity, the model correctly reproduced many experimental facts and gave quantitative predictions oil the extent to which the presence of Te precipitates and inclusions can be tolerated. The broadening of the electron clond due to repulsion and diffusion is at the core of the problem., making even low concentrations of small precipitates important in the device's performance. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 3 BP 687 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.11.023 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141KA UT WOS:000244576000017 ER PT J AU Johnston, DE Sheldon, ES Tasitsiomi, A Frieman, JA Wechsler, RH Mckay, TA AF Johnston, David E. Sheldon, Erin S. Tasitsiomi, Argyro Frieman, Joshua A. Wechsler, Risa H. McKay, Timothy A. TI Cross-correlation lensing: Determining galaxy and cluster mass profiles from statistical weak-lensing measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; COLD DARK MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; DISSIPATIONLESS SIMULATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; HALO MASSES; UNIVERSE; RECONSTRUCTION AB We present a new nonparametric method for determining mean 3D density and mass profiles from weak-lensing measurements around stacked samples of galaxies or clusters, that is, from measurement of the galaxy-shear or cluster-shear correlation functions. Since the correlation function is statistically isotropic, this method evades problems, such as projection of large-scale structure along the line of sight or halo asphericity, that complicate attempts to infer masses from weak-lensing measurements of individual objects. We demonstrate the utility of this method in measuring halo profiles, galaxy-mass and cluster-mass cross-correlation functions, and cluster virial masses. We test this method on an N-body simulation and show that it correctly and accurately recovers the 3D density and mass profiles of halos. We find no evidence of problems due to amass sheet degeneracy in the simulation. Cross-correlation lensing provides a powerful method for calibrating the mass-observable relation for use in measurement of the cluster mass function in large surveys. It can also be used on large scales to measure and remove the halo bias and thereby provide a direct measurement of Omega(m)sigma(8). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Johnston, DE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM davej@astro.caltech.edu RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Wechsler, Risa/0000-0003-2229-011X NR 92 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1086/510060 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600002 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, AP Kahn, SM Paerels, F den Herder, JW Kaastra, J de Vries, C AF Rasmussen, Andrew P. Kahn, Steven M. Paerels, Frits Willem den Herder, Jan Kaastra, Jelle de Vries, Cor TI On the putative detection of z > 0 X-ray absorption features in the spectrum of Mrk 421 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis; techniques : spectroscopic; telescopes; X-rays : diffuse background ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST; XMM-NEWTON; CHANDRA DETECTION; LOW-REDSHIFT; MARKARIAN-421; PKS-2155-304; CONTINUUM; QUASARS AB In a series of papers, Nicastro et al. have reported the detection of z > 0 O VII absorption features in the spectrum of Mrk 421 obtained with the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS). We evaluate this result in the context of a high-quality spectrum of the same source obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on XMM-Newton. The data comprise over 955 ks of usable exposure time and more than 2.6 x 10(4) counts per 50 m angstrom at 21.6 angstrom. We concentrate on the spectrally clean region (21.3 < lambda < 22.5), where sharp features due to the astrophysically abundant O VII may reveal an intervening, warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). We do not confirm detection of any of the intervening systems claimed to date. Rather, we detect only three unsurprising, astrophysically expected features down to the log(N(i)) similar to 14.6 (3 sigma) sensitivity level. Each of the two purported WHIM features is rejected with a statistical confidence that exceeds that reported for its initial detection. While we cannot rule out the existence of fainter, WHIM related features in these spectra, we suggest that previous discovery claims were premature. A more recent paper by Williams et al. claims to have demonstrated that the RGS data we analyze here do not have the resolution or statistical quality required to confirm or deny the LETGS detections. We show that our analysis resolves the issues encountered by Williams et al. and recovers the full resolution and statistical quality of the RGS data. We highlight the differences between our analysis and those published by Williams et al. as this may explain our disparate conclusions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. SRON, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Rasmussen, AP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM arasmus@slac.stanford.edu NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1086/509865 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600010 ER PT J AU Wetzel, AR Cohn, JD White, M Holz, DE Warren, MS AF Wetzel, Andrew R. Cohn, J. D. White, Martin Holz, Daniel E. Warren, Michael S. TI The clustering of massive halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : numerical ID COLD DARK-MATTER; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; GALAXY FORMATION; MERGER RATES; DEPENDENCE; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; BIAS; SIMULATIONS AB The clustering properties of dark matter halos are a firm prediction of modern theories of structure formation. We use two large-volume, high-resolution N-body simulations to study how the correlation function of massive dark matter halos depends on their mass, assembly history, and recent merger activity. We find that halos with the lowest concentrations are currently more clustered than those of higher concentration, the size of the effect increasing with halo mass; this agrees with trends found in studies of lower mass halos. The clustering dependence on other characterizations of the full mass accretion history appears weaker than the effect with concentration. Using the integrated correlation function, marked correlation functions, and a power-law fit to the correlation function, we find evidence that halos that have recently undergone a major merger or a large mass gain have slightly enhanced clustering relative to a randomly chosen population with the same mass distribution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wetzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015; OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070; Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904; Wetzel, Andrew/0000-0003-0603-8942 NR 56 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1086/510444 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600011 ER PT J AU Casanova, S Dingus, BL Zhang, B AF Casanova, S. Dingus, B. L. Zhang, Bing TI Contribution of GRB emission to the GeV extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray flux SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; BURST AFTERGLOWS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COMPTON EMISSION; LONG-DURATION; JET STRUCTURE; COSMIC-RAYS; GEV-TEV; SPECTRA AB TeV gamma rays emitted by gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are converted into electron-positron pairs via interactions with the extragalactic infrared radiation fields. In turn, the pairs produced, whose trajectories are randomized by magnetic fields, will inverse Compton scatter off the cosmic microwave background photons. The beamed TeV gamma-ray flux from GRBs is thus transformed into a GeV isotropic gamma-ray flux, which contributes to the total extragalactic gamma-ray background emission. Assuming a model for the extragalactic radiation fields, the GRB redshift distribution, and the GRB luminosity function, we evaluate the contribution of the GRB prompt and scattered emissions to the measured extragalactic gamma-ray flux. To estimate this contribution we optimistically require that the energy flux at TeVenergies is about 10 times stronger than the energy flux at MeV energies. The resulting gamma-ray diffuse background is only a small fraction of what is observed, allowing blazars and other sources to give the dominant contribution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Casanova, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; OI Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1086/510613 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600026 ER PT J AU Calder, AC Townsley, DM Seitenzahl, IR Peng, F Messer, OEB Vladimirova, N Brown, EF Truran, JW Lamb, DQ AF Calder, A. C. Townsley, D. M. Seitenzahl, I. R. Peng, F. Messer, O. E. B. Vladimirova, N. Brown, E. F. Truran, J. W. Lamb, D. Q. TI Capturing the fire: Flame energetics and neutronization for Type Ia supernova simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; CHANDRASEKHAR-MASS MODELS; DELAYED-DETONATION MODEL; EXPLOSION MODELS; NUCLEAR FLAMES; IONIC MIXTURES; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROPAGATION; HYDRODYNAMICS AB We develop and calibrate a realistic model flame for hydrodynamic simulations of deflagrations in white dwarf ( Type Ia) supernovae. Our flame model builds on the advection-diffusion-reaction model of Khokhlov and includes electron screening and Coulomb corrections to the equation of state in a self-consistent way. We calibrate this model flame - its energetics and timescales for energy release and neutronization - with self-heating reaction network calculations that include both these Coulomb effects and up-to-date weak interactions. The burned material evolves postflame due to both weak interactions and hydrodynamic changes in density and temperature. We develop a scheme to follow the evolution, including neutronization, of the NSE state subsequent to the passage of the flame front. As a result, our model flame is suitable for deflagration simulations over a wide range of initial central densities and can track the temperature and electron fraction of the burned material through the explosion and into the expansion of the ejecta. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Calder, AC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Astrophys Thermonucl Flashes, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Calder, Alan/E-5348-2011; Brown, Edward/F-1721-2011; Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Seitenzahl, Ivo/0000-0002-5044-2988; Brown, Edward/0000-0003-3806-5339 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 313 EP 332 DI 10.1086/510709 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600027 ER PT J AU Gal-Yam, A Leonard, DC Fox, DB Cenko, SB Soderberg, AM Moon, DS Sand, DJ Li, WD Filippenko, AV Aldering, G Copin, Y AF Gal-Yam, Avishay Leonard, D. C. Fox, D. B. Cenko, S. B. Soderberg, A. M. Moon, D. -S. Sand, D. J. Li, Weidong Filippenko, Alexei V. Aldering, G. Copin, Y. TI On the progenitor of SN 2005gl and the nature of Type IIn supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2005gl) ID GAMMA-RAY-BURST; RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR; SPACE-TELESCOPE IMAGES; IA SUPERNOVA; PLATEAU SUPERNOVA; LIGHT-CURVE; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE; IC SUPERNOVA-2004GT; STELLAR PHOTOMETRY; P SUPERNOVAE AB We present a study of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2005gl, in the relatively nearby ( d approximate to 66 Mpc) galaxy NGC 266. Photometry and spectroscopy of the SN indicate that it is a typical member of its class. Pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the location of the SN, along with a precise localization of this event using the laser guide star assisted adaptive optics (LGS-AO) system at Keck Observatory, are combined to identify a luminous (M(V) = - 10.3 mag) point source as the possible progenitor of SN 2005gl. If the source is indeed a single star, it was likely a member of the class of luminous blue variable stars (LBVs). This finding leads us to consider the possible general association of SNe IIn with LBV progenitors; it is indeed supported by observations of other SNe, and the known properties of LBV stars. For example, we argue that should the prototypical Galactic LBV eta Carina explode in a phase similar to its current state, it will likely produce a SN IIn. We discuss our findings in the context of current ideas about the evolution of massive stars and review the census of SNe with identified progenitors. The concept of the progenitor-SN map is introduced as a convenient means to discuss the present status and future prospects of direct searches for SN progenitors. We conclude that this field has matured considerably in recent years, and the transition from anecdotal information about rare single events to robust associations of progenitor classes with specific SN types has already begun. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Gal-Yam, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM avishay@astro.caltech.edu RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015; OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518; Gal-Yam, Avishay/0000-0002-3653-5598 NR 93 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 372 EP 381 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600031 ER PT J AU Ryutova, MP Hagenaar, H Title, A AF Ryutova, M. P. Hagenaar, H. Title, A. TI Anticorrelation between moving magnetic features and coronal loop formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID EMERGING FLUX; SUNSPOTS; MOAT AB We study a possible connection of moving magnetic features (MMFs) and the overlying atmosphere using several sets of multiwavelength observations of sunspot areas from the photosphere to the corona. We find that as a collective phenomenon, very intense MMF formation anticorrelates with the presence of large-scale "stable" coronal loops: such loops are rooted at the side of sunspots with no or few MMFs rather than at the side of the penumbra/moat highly populated by MMFs. Conjectures to help understand the observed correlation between the preferable site of coronal loops and the deficiency of MMFs are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Ryutova, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutova1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/512184 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SG UT WOS:000244032900012 ER PT J AU Koh, S Toney, MF Strasser, P AF Koh, Shirlaine Toney, Michael F. Strasser, Peter TI Activity-stability relationships of ordered and disordered alloy phases of Pt3Co electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Spring Meeting of the ISE CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP ISE DE metal alloys; fuel cell catalysis; oxygen reduction reaction; synthesis-property relationship; kinetic measurements ID ACID FUEL-CELLS; CO; CATALYSTS; PLATINUM; SURFACES; ELECTRODE; KINETICS; PEMFCS; PT3NI; DISK AB We report on synthesis-structure-activity-stability relationships Of Pt3CO nanoparticle electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We have synthesized Pt3Co alloy electrocatalysts using liquid impregnation techniques followed by reductive annealing at high and low temperatures. We have performed detailed structural X-ray diffraction (XRD)-based structural characterization (symmetry, lattice parameters and composition) of individual Pt-Co alloy phases before and, importantly, after electrochemical rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements. This enables us to directly evaluate the corrosion stability of various Pt-Co alloy phases under typical fuel cell cathode conditions. Pt3CO prepared at low annealing temperatures (600 degrees C) resulted in multiple phases including (i) a disordered face-centered cubic (fcc) Pt95CO5 phase and (ii) an ordered face-centered tetragonal (L1(0)) Pt50Co50 phase; high temperature annealing (950 C) resulted in a single ordered primitive cubic (Ll(2)) Pt3Co phase. The ordered alloy phases in both catalysts were not stable under electrochemical treatment: The ordered face-centered tetragonal (fct) phase showed corrosion and dissolution, while the ordered primitive cubic (Ll(2)) Pt3Co phase transformed into a disordered structure. The ordered primitive cubic structure exhibited higher resistance to sintering. Low annealing temperatures resulted in higher Pt surface-area specific activities for ORR. Kinetic Tafel analysis confirmed a general shift in the formation potential of oxygenated surface species, such as Pt-OH, for both alloy catalysts. Reduced OH coverage alone proved insufficient to account for the observed activity trends of the two alloy catalysts. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Strasser, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM pstrasser@uh.edu RI Strasser, Peter/A-1868-2012 NR 39 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 10 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2765 EP 2774 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.039 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 141BV UT WOS:000244552300005 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD Lehoucq, RB AF Bochev, Pavel B. Gunzburger, Max D. Lehoucq, Richard B. TI On stabilized finite element methods for the Stokes problem in the small time step limit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE stabilized finite element methods; unsteady Stokes equations; small time step limit; SVD; inf-sup ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FORMULATION; EQUATIONS; MULTISCALE AB Recent studies indicate that consistently stabilized methods for unsteady incompressible flows, obtained by a method of lines approach may experience difficulty when the time step is small relative to the spatial grid size. Using as a model problem the unsteady Stokes equations, we show that the semi-discrete pressure operator associated with such methods is not uniformly coercive. We prove that for sufficiently large (relative to the square of the spatial grid size) time steps, implicit time discretizations contribute terms that stabilize this operator. However, we also prove that if the time step is sufficiently small, then the fully discrete problem necessarily leads to unstable pressure approximations. The semi-discrete pressure operator studied in the paper also arises in pressure-projection methods, thereby making our results potentially useful in other settings. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu; rblehou@sandia.gov NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 53 IS 4 BP 573 EP 597 DI 10.1002/fld.1295 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 131GO UT WOS:000243857000003 ER PT J AU Plyasunov, S Arkin, AP AF Plyasunov, Sergey Arkin, Adam P. TI Efficient stochastic sensitivity analysis of discrete event systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE parameter sensitivity analysis; stochastic dynamics of reaction networks; Girsanov transformation ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SINGLE-CELL; SIMULATION; LAMBDA; NOISE AB Sensitivity analysis quantifies the dependence of a system's behavior on the parameters that could possibly affect the dynamics. Calculation of sensitivities of stochastic chemical systems using Kinetic Monte Carlo and finite-difference-based methods is not only computationally intensive, but direct calculation of sensitivities by finite-difference-based methods of parameter perturbations converges very poorly. In this paper we develop an approach to this issue using a method based on the Girsanov measure transformation for jump processes to smooth the estimate of the sensitivity coefficients and make this estimation more accurate. We demonstrate the method with simple examples and discuss its appropriate use. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div,EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Phys Biosci Div, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Bioengn, Phys Biosci Div,EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-0257, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM teleserg@uclink.berkeley.edu; aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 221 IS 2 BP 724 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.06.047 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 139WQ UT WOS:000244463800014 ER PT J AU Latini, M Schilling, O Don, WS AF Latini, Marco Schilling, Oleg Don, Wai Sun TI Effects of WENO flux reconstruction order and spatial resolution on reshocked two-dimensional Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) method; mixing properties; reshock; numerical dissipation ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GROWTH-RATE; TURBULENCE; FLOW; INTERFACE; TRANSITION AB Weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) simulations of the reshocked two-dimensional single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability using third-, fifth- and ninth-order spatial flux reconstruction and uniform grid resolutions corresponding to 128, 256 and 512 points per initial perturbation wavelength are presented. The dependence of the density, vorticity, simulated density Schlieren and baroclinic production fields, mixing layer width, circulation deposition, mixing profiles, production and mixing fractions, energy spectra, statistics, probability distribution functions, numerical turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy production/dissipation rates, numerical Reynolds numbers, and numerical viscosity on the order and resolution is investigated to long evolution times. The results are interpreted using the implicit numerical dissipation in the characteristic projection-based, finite-difference WENO method. It is shown that higher-order higher-resolution simulations have lower numerical dissipation. The sensitivity of the quantities considered to the order and resolution is further amplified following reshock, when the energy deposition by the second shock-interface interaction induces the formation of small-scale structures. Lower-order lower-resolution simulations preserve large-scale structures and flow symmetry to late times, while higher-order higher-resolution simulations exhibit fragmentation of the structures, symmetry breaking and increased mixing. Similar flow features are qualitatively and quantitatively captured by either approximately doubling the order or the resolution. Additionally, the computational scaling shows that increasing the order is more advantageous than increasing the resolution for the flow considered here. The present investigation suggests that the ninth-order WENO method is well-suited for the simulation and analysis of complex multi-scale flows and mixing generated by shock-induced hydrodynamic instabilities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Schilling, O (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mlatini@acm.caltech.edu; schilling1@llnl.gov; wsdon@cfm.brown.edu RI Don, Wai Sun/B-7194-2009; HKBU, Mathematics/B-5086-2009; OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 221 IS 2 BP 805 EP 836 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.06.051 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 139WQ UT WOS:000244463800019 ER PT J AU Kurokawa, H Yang, LM Jacobson, CP De Jonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Kurokawa, Hideto Yang, Liming Jacobson, Craig P. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. TI Y-doped SrTiO3 based sulfur tolerant anode for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cells; sulfur tolerant anode; Y-doped SrTiO3; catalyst infiltration ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; POTENTIAL ANODE; SOFC ANODE; TEMPERATURE; CATHODES; FABRICATION; OXIDATION; ELECTRODE; METHANE AB A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode with high sulfur tolerance was developed starting from a Y-doped SrTiO3 (SYTO)-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) porous electrode backbone, and infiltrated with nano-sized catalytic ceria and Ru. The size of the infiltrated particles on the SYTO-YSZ pore walls was 30-200 nm, and both infiltrated materials improved the performance of the SYTO-YSZ anode significantly. The infiltrated ceria covered most of the surface of the SYTO-YSZ pore walls, while Ru was dispersed as individual nano-particles. The performance and sulfur tolerance of a cathode supported cell with ceria- and Ru-infiltrated SYTO-YSZ anode was examined in humidified H, mixed with H2S. The anode showed high sulfur tolerance in 10-40 ppm H2S, and the cell exhibited a constant maximum power density 470mWcm(-2) at 10 ppm H,S, at 1073 K. At an applied current density 0.5 A cm(-2), the addition of 10ppm H2S to the H-2 fuel dropped the cell voltage slightly, from 0.79 to 0.78V, but completely recovered quickly after the H2S was stopped. The ceria- and Ru-infiltrated SYTO-YSZ anode showed much higher sulfur tolerance than conventional Ni-YSZ anodes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kurokawa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hkurokawa@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 5 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.11.048 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 138JS UT WOS:000244359500011 ER PT J AU Shim, J Striebel, KA AF Shim, Joongpyo Striebel, Kathryn A. TI Electrochemical characterization of thermally oxidized natural graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE natural graphite; anode; thermal oxidation; lithium-ion battery; cycleability; irreversible capacity ID PARTICLE-SIZE; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; OXIDATION; CARBON AB Natural graphite, which is used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, is thermally treated to improve its cycleability and reduce irreversible reactions with the electrolyte. Natural graphite is treated in air at 550 degrees C. The weight loss increases when the thermal oxidation time is increased. The BET surface area of the graphite decreases with increasing weight loss. The cycleability and efficiency of the thermally oxidized natural graphite improves significantly. Thermal oxidation decreases the irreversible capacity for side-reactions with the electrolyte on the first cycle. By contrast, it does not change the reversible capacity and rate capability. The improvement in the cycleability after thermal oxidation may be due to the removal of imperfect sites on the graphite. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kunsan Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Kunsan 573701, Chonbuk, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shim, J (reprint author), Kunsan Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Kunsan 573701, Chonbuk, South Korea. EM jpshim@kunsan.ac.kr NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.111 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 138JS UT WOS:000244359500055 ER PT J AU Li, XS Fryxell, GE Wang, CM Young, J AF Li, X. Shari Fryxell, Glen E. Wang, Chongmin Young, James TI Templating mesoporous hierarchies in silica thin films using the thermal degradation of cellulose nitrate SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous templating; cellulose nitrate; nitrocellulose; synthesis; sol-gel; hierarchical pore structure ID REVERSE MICELLES; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; RAPID EXPANSION; POROUS SILICA; LENGTH SCALES; NANOPARTICLES; POWDERS; PARTICLES; COMPOSITE; MECHANISM AB Materials containing a hierarchical pore structure (i.e. large pores leading to small pores) are highly desirable because they combine the advantages of high surface area with the rapid mass transport. Mesoporous SiO2 with hierarchical pore structure was prepared by a novel dual templating approach using a combination of cellulose nitrate and surfactants as the templates. Both ionic and non-ionic surfactants, or mixtures of surfactants, in conjunction with cellulose nitrate were used as the pore templates. Low angle XRD patterns show well-defined pore structures and BET shows surface areas from 500 to over 800 m(2)/g, with tunable bimodal or trimodal pore-size distributions from 18 angstrom to 0.3 mu m. The hierarchical pore structure can be controlled by manipulating the template composition. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 EI 1873-3093 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 3 BP 308 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.09.037 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 134TE UT WOS:000244106200010 ER PT J AU Tomasi, D Chang, L Caparelli, EC Ernst, T AF Tomasi, D. Chang, L. Caparelli, E. C. Ernst, T. TI Different activation patterns for working memory load and visual attention load SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fMRI; memory; attention; brain activation ID THALAMIC INTRALAMINAR NUCLEI; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; EPISODIC MEMORY; FUNCTIONAL MRI; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; BRAIN ACTIVATION; FMRI ACTIVATION; CEREBELLAR; RETRIEVAL AB Attention is a basic component of cognition, and is modulated by cognitive load. We aimed to map the common network that supports attentional load across different tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two healthy volunteers performed two sets of tasks with graded levels of cognitive load: verbal working memory (WM) and visual attention (VA) tasks. For both tasks, increased cognitive load (WM-load and VA-load) activated a common network comprising parietal and occipital cortices, thalamus, and the cerebellum, indicating that these brain regions are involved in higher level of attention. The fMRI signals in the prefrontal cortices increased with WM-load but not with VA-load, suggesting that executive function is involved for the more demanding WM tasks but not for the more difficult VA tasks. Conversely, VA tasks activated more strongly an occipitoparietal network comprising the postcentral (PostCG) and the superior occipital (SOG) gyri, suggesting complex visual processing in this network. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Tomasi, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tomasi@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR10710, M01 RR010710]; NIDA NIH HHS [K24 DA16170, K02 DA016991, K02 DA16991, K24 DA016170, R03 DA 017070-01, R03 DA017070, R03 DA017070-01] NR 58 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 1132 IS 1 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.030 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 135RJ UT WOS:000244170400018 PM 17169343 ER PT J AU Povirk, LF Zhou, T Zhou, RZ Cowan, MJ Yannone, SM AF Povirk, Lawrence F. Zhou, Tong Zhou, Ruizhe Cowan, Morton J. Yannone, Steven M. TI Processing of 3 '-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA double strand breaks by artemis nuclease SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; REPAIR; TERMINI; CELLS; NEOCARZINOSTATIN; ENDONUCLEASE; DEFICIENCY; MECHANISMS; BLEOMYCIN; RECOMBINATION AB The Artemis nuclease is required for V(D)J recombination and for repair of an as yet undefined subset of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks. To assess the possibility that Artemis acts on oxidatively modified double strand break termini, its activity toward model DNA substrates, bearing either 3'-hydroxyl or 3'-phosphoglycolate moieties, was examined. A 3'-phosphoglycolate had little effect on Artemis-mediated trimming of long 3' overhangs (>= 9 nucleotides), which were efficiently trimmed to 4-5 nucleotides. However, 3'-phosphoglycolates on overhangs of 4-5 bases promoted Artemis-mediated removal of a single 3'-terminal nucleotide, while at least 2 nucleotides were trimmed from identical hydroxyl-terminated substrates. Artemis also efficiently removed a single nucleotide from a phosphoglycolate-terminated 3-base 3' overhang, while leaving an analogous hydroxyl-terminated overhang largely intact. Such removal was completely dependent on DNA-dependent protein kinase and ATP and was largely dependent on Ku, which markedly stimulated Artemis activity toward all 3' overhangs. Together, these data suggest that efficient Artemis-mediated cleavage of 3' overhangs requires a minimum of 2 nucleotides, or a nucleotide plus a phosphoglycolate, 3' to the cleavage site, as well as 2 unpaired nucleotides 5' to the cleavage site. Shorter 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated overhangs and blunt ends were also processed by Artemis but much more slowly. Consistent with a role for Artemis in repair of terminally blocked double strand breaks in vivo, human cells lacking Artemis exhibited hypersensitivity to x-rays, bleomycin, and neocarzinostatin, which all induce 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated double strand breaks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Yannone, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SMYannone@lbl.gov RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40615]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58842]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28339] NR 27 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 6 BP 3547 EP 3558 DI 10.1074/jbc.M607745200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 140CW UT WOS:000244481900017 PM 17121861 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Dozal, LM Trumbore, SE Hanson, PJ AF Cisneros-Dozal, Luz Maria Trumbore, Susan E. Hanson, Paul J. TI Effect of moisture on leaf litter decomposition and its contribution to soil respiration in a temperate forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; ROOT RESPIRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; WATER AVAILABILITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESPIRED CO2; PINE FORESTS; OAK FOREST AB The degree to which increased soil respiration rates following wetting is caused by plant ( autotrophic) versus microbial ( heterotrophic) processes, is still largely uninvestigated. Incubation studies suggest microbial processes play a role but it remains unclear whether there is a stimulation of the microbial population as a whole or an increase in the importance of specific substrates that become available with wetting of the soil. We took advantage of an ongoing manipulation of leaf litter (14)C contents at the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to ( 1) determine the degree to which an increase in soil respiration rates that accompanied wetting of litter and soil, following a short period of drought, could be explained by heterotrophic contributions; and ( 2) investigate the potential causes of increased heterotrophic respiration in incubated litter and 0-5 cm mineral soil. The contribution of leaf litter decomposition increased from 6 +/- 3 mg C m(-2) hr(-1) during a transient drought, to 63 +/- 18 mg C m(-2) hr(-1) immediately after water addition, corresponding to an increase in the contribution to soil respiration from 5 +/- 2% to 37 +/- 8%. The increased relative contribution was sufficient to explain all of the observed increase in soil respiration for this one wetting event in the late growing season. Temperature (13 degrees C versus 25 degrees C) and moisture ( dry versus field capacity) conditions did not change the relative contributions of different decomposition substrates in incubations, suggesting that more slowly cycling C has at least the same sensitivity to decomposition as faster cycling organic C at the temperature and moisture conditions studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Cisneros-Dozal, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geochem & Geol Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cisnerosd@lanl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G1 AR G01013 DI 10.1029/2006JG000197 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 136DX UT WOS:000244203900001 ER PT J AU Rymer, AM Mauk, BH Hill, TW Paranicas, C Andre, N Sittler, EC Mitchell, DG Smith, HT Johnson, RE Coates, AJ Young, DT Bolton, SJ Thomsen, MF Dougherty, MK AF Rymer, A. M. Mauk, B. H. Hill, T. W. Paranicas, C. Andre, N. Sittler, E. C., Jr. Mitchell, D. G. Smith, H. T. Johnson, R. E. Coates, A. J. Young, D. T. Bolton, S. J. Thomsen, M. F. Dougherty, M. K. TI Electron sources in Saturn's magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; IO PLASMA TORUS; VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS; ENCELADUS; SPECTROMETER; MODEL; INSTABILITY; PLUME; ORBIT; DRIFT AB We investigate the sources of two different electron components in Saturn's inner magnetosphere (5 < L < 12 Rs) by performing phase space density (f(v)) analyses of electron measurements made by the Cassini CAPS instrument (1 eV to 28 keV). Because pitch angle distributions indicate that the traditional single particle invariants of gyration and bounce are not appropriate, we use a formulation of the isotropic invariant derived by Wolf (1983) and Schulz (1998) and show that it is similar in functional form to the first adiabatic invariant. Our f(v) analyses confirm that the cooler electrons (< 100 eV) have a source in the inner magnetosphere and are likely products of neutral ionization processes in Saturn's neutral cloud. The mystery is how the electrons are heated to energies comparable to the proton thermal energy ( which is approximately equal to the proton pickup energy), a process that reveals itself as a source of electrons at given invariant values in our f( v) analyses. We show that Coulomb collisions provide a viable mechanism to achieve the near equipartition of ion and electron energies in the time available before particles are lost from the region. We find that the source of the hotter electron component (> 100 eV) is Saturn's middle or outer magnetosphere, perhaps transported to the inner magnetosphere by radial diffusion regulated by interchange-like injections. Hot electrons undergo heavy losses inside L similar to 6 and the distance to which the hot electron component penetrates into the neutral cloud is energy-dependent, with the coolest fraction of the hot plasma penetrating to the lowest L-shells. This can arise through energy-dependent radial transport during the interchange process and/or loss through the planetary loss cone. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. European Space Agcy, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Space & Atmospher Phys, London, England. RP Rymer, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD USA. EM abigail.rymer@jhuapl.edu RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; Paranicas, Christopher/B-1470-2016; Smith, Howard/H-4662-2016; Mauk, Barry/E-8420-2017 OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Paranicas, Christopher/0000-0002-4391-8255; Smith, Howard/0000-0003-3537-3360; Mauk, Barry/0000-0001-9789-3797 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/D00084X/1] NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A2 AR A02201 DI 10.1029/2006JA012017 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 136EM UT WOS:000244205400002 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciljak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Cyr, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S Davies, T D'Onofrio, M Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR DiTuro, P Dorr, C Donati, S Donega, M Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Griffiths, M Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jensen, H Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Loverre, P Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Manca, G Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ranjan, N Rappoccio, S Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions B (B(s)(0)-> D(s)(-) pi(+) pi(+) pi(-))/B(B(0) -> D(-) pi(+) pi(+) pi(-)) and B(B(s)(0) -> D(s)(-) pi(+))/B(B(0)-> D(-) pi(+)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; DECAYS AB Using 355 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector in p (p) over bar at collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron, we study the fully reconstructed hadronic decays B((s))(0) -> D((s))(-)pi(+) and B((s))(0) -> D((s))(-) pi(+)pi(+)pi(-). We present the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B(s)(0) -> D(s)(-) pi(+)pi(+)pi(-))/B(B(0) -> D(s)(-) pi(+)pi(+)pi(-)) = 1.05 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.22(syst). We also update our measurement of B(B(s)(0) -> D(s)(-)pi(+))/B(B(0) -> D(-)pi(+)) to 1.13 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.23(syst), improving the statistical uncertainty by more than a factor of 2. We find B(B(s)(0) -> D(s)(-)pi(+)) = [3.8 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 1.3(syst)] x 10(-3) and B(B(s)(0) -> D(s)(-) pi(+)pi(+)pi(-)) = [8.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 3.2(syst)] x 10(-3). C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3,UMR7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013 OI Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.061802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400015 PM 17358931 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, CO Blyth, SL Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Castillo, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, HA Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Gans, J Ganti, MS Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Gorbunov, YG Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Guo, Y Gupta, N Gutierrez, TD Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Razin, SV Reinnarth, J Relyea, D Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schweda, K Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Sumbera, M Sun, Z Surrow, B Swanger, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van der Kolk, N van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yurevich, VI Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Adams, J. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Amonett, J. Anderson, B. D. Anderson, M. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Bekele, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Bezverkhny, B. I. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, C. O. Blyth, S-L. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M. Castillo, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, H. A. Christie, W. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Das, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, W. J. Dong, X. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Dutta Mazumdar, M. R. Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Filimonov, K. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Gans, J. Ganti, M. S. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gonzalez, J. E. Gorbunov, Y. G. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Guo, Y. Gupta, N. Gutierrez, T. D. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffmann, G. W. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. L. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jiang, H. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kramer, M. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C-H. Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Z. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Long, H. Longacre, R. S. Lopez-Noriega, M. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Magestro, D. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu. Meschanin, A. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mishra, D. K. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Molnar, L. Moore, C. F. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Nikitin, V. A. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Panitkin, S. Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Petrov, V. A. Phatak, S. C. Picha, R. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Rakness, G. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Razin, S. V. Reinnarth, J. Relyea, D. Retiere, F. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schweda, K. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sood, G. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Stolpovsky, A. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sugarbaker, E. Sumbera, M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Swanger, M. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van der Kolk, N. van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wood, J. Wu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I-K. Yurevich, V. I. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Scaling properties of hyperon production in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM-SIZE DEPENDENCE; PB-PB COLLISIONS; HADRON-PRODUCTION; STATISTICAL HADRONIZATION; STRANGENESS ENHANCEMENT; AU COLLISIONS; RAPIDITY AB We present the scaling properties of Lambda, Xi, and Omega in midrapidity Au+Au collisions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The yield of multistrange baryons per participant nucleon increases from peripheral to central collisions more rapidly than that of Lambda, indicating an increase of the strange-quark density of the matter produced. The strange phase-space occupancy factor gamma(s) approaches unity for the most central collisions. Moreover, the nuclear modification factors of p, Lambda, and Xi are consistent with each other for 2 < p(T) < 5 GeV/c in agreement with a scenario of hadron formation from constituent quark degrees of freedom. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, CCNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gutierrez, Thomas/0000-0002-0330-6414; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914 NR 33 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 062301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.062301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400018 PM 17358934 ER PT J AU Araujo, PT Doorn, SK Kilina, S Tretiak, S Einarsson, E Maruyama, S Chacham, H Pimenta, MA Jorio, A AF Araujo, Paulo T. Doorn, Stephen K. Kilina, Svetlana Tretiak, Sergei Einarsson, Erik Maruyama, Shigeo Chacham, Helio Pimenta, Marcos A. Jorio, Ado TI Third and fourth optical transitions in semiconducting carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; BEHAVIOR; ENERGIES AB We have studied the optical transition energies of single-wall carbon nanotubes over broad diameter (0.7-2.3 nm) and energy (1.26-2.71 eV) ranges, using their radial breathing mode Raman spectra. We establish the diameter and chiral angle dependence of the poorly studied third and fourth optical transitions in semiconducting tubes. Comparative analysis between the higher lying transitions and the first and second transitions show two different diameter scalings. Quantum mechanical calculations explain the result showing strongly bound excitons in the first and second transitions and a delocalized electron wave function in the third transition. C1 Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Mech Engn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Araujo, PT (reprint author), Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RI Einarsson, Erik/C-6138-2008; Pimenta, Marcos/F-2122-2010; Jorio, Ado/F-2141-2010; Maruyama, Shigeo/B-1848-2008; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Einarsson, Erik/0000-0002-3896-2673; Jorio, Ado/0000-0002-5978-2735; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 27 TC 215 Z9 215 U1 3 U2 63 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 067401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.067401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400067 PM 17358983 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, 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TI Search for lepton flavor violating decays tau(+/-)-> l(+/-)pi(0),l(+/-)eta,l(+/-)eta ' SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICS; HIGGS BOSONS; COLLISIONS; NEUTRINOS; DETECTOR; JETS AB A search for lepton flavor violating decays of the tau lepton to a lighter mass lepton and a pseudoscalar meson has been performed using 339 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data collected at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II storage ring. No evidence of a signal has been found, and upper limits on the branching fractions are set at the 10(-7) level. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012 OI Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 061803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.061803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400016 ER PT J AU Du, MH Feng, J Zhang, SB AF Du, Mao-Hua Feng, Jun Zhang, S. B. TI Photo-oxidation of polyhydroxyl molecules on TiO2 surfaces: From hole scavenging to light-induced self-assembly of TiO2-cyclodextrin wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYSIS; EFFICIENT AB First-principles calculations are carried out to study photo-oxidation of glucose, as a prototype of polyhydroxyl carbohydrates and alcohols, on TiO2 surfaces. We reveal the microscopic mechanisms for the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes at the TiO2-molecule interface as detailed from hole trapping, deprotonation, to the formation of an electron-hole recombination center. These revealed mechanisms further lead to the understanding of the light-induced self-assembly mechanism for TiO2-cyclodextrin nanowires. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Matheson Tri Gas, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 066102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.066102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400042 PM 17358958 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Neumayer, P Lee, RW Widmann, K Pollaine, SW Wallace, RJ Gregori, G Hoell, A Bornath, T Thiele, R Schwarz, V Kraeft, WD Redmer, R AF Glenzer, S. H. Landen, O. L. Neumayer, P. Lee, R. W. Widmann, K. Pollaine, S. W. Wallace, R. J. Gregori, G. Hoell, A. Bornath, T. Thiele, R. Schwarz, V. Kraeft, W. -D. Redmer, R. TI Observations of plasmons in warm dense matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; RAY THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER SCATTERING; PHYSICS BASIS AB We present the first collective x-ray scattering measurements of plasmons in solid-density plasmas. The forward scattering spectra of a laser-produced narrow-band x-ray line from isochorically heated beryllium show that the plasmon frequency is a sensitive measure of the electron density. Dynamic structure calculations that include collisions and detailed balance match the measured plasmon spectrum indicating that this technique will enable new applications to determine the equation of state and compressibility of dense matter. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, LRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Thiele, Robert/0000-0001-8350-9942 NR 39 TC 285 Z9 288 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.065002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400036 PM 17358952 ER PT J AU Graf, J Gweon, GH McElroy, K Zhou, SY Jozwiak, C Rotenberg, E Bill, A Sasagawa, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S Takagi, H Lee, DH Lanzara, A AF Graf, J. Gweon, G. -H. McElroy, K. Zhou, S. Y. Jozwiak, C. Rotenberg, E. Bill, A. Sasagawa, T. Eisaki, H. Uchida, S. Takagi, H. Lee, D. -H. Lanzara, A. TI Universal high energy anomaly in the angle-resolved photoemission spectra of high temperature superconductors: Possible evidence of spinon and holon branches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE; DISPERSIONS; GAP AB A universal high energy anomaly in the single particle spectral function is reported in three different families of high temperature superconductors by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. As we follow the dispersing peak of the spectral function from the Fermi energy to the valence band complex, we find dispersion anomalies marked by two distinctive high energy scales, E-1 approximate to 0.38 eV and E-2 approximate to 0.8 eV. E-1 marks the energy above which the dispersion splits into two branches. One is a continuation of the near parabolic dispersion, albeit with reduced spectral weight, and reaches the bottom of the band at the Gamma point at approximate to 0.5 eV. The other is given by a peak in the momentum space, nearly independent of energy between E-1 and E-2. Above E-2, a bandlike dispersion reemerges. We conjecture that these two energies mark the disintegration of the low-energy quasiparticles into a spinon and holon branch in the high T-c cuprates. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Graf, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; mcelroy, kyle/D-1816-2013; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 21 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 067004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.067004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400060 PM 17358976 ER PT J AU Holt, M Sutton, M Zschack, P Hong, H Chiang, TC AF Holt, M. Sutton, M. Zschack, P. Hong, H. Chiang, T. -C. TI Dynamic fluctuations and static speckle in critical x-ray scattering from SrTiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2 LENGTH SCALES; 110 DEGREES K; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; SURFACE; ORIGIN; MODES AB We report a study of critical x-ray scattering from SrTiO3 near the antiferrodistortive structural phase transition at T-C approximate to 105 K. A line shape analysis of the thermal diffuse scattering results in the most precise experimental determination to date of the critical exponent gamma. The microscopic mechanism behind the anomalous "central peak" critical scattering component is clarified here by the first-ever observation of a static coherent diffraction pattern (speckle pattern) within the anomalous critical scattering of SrTiO3. This observation allows us to directly attribute the origins of the central peak to Bragg diffraction from remnant static disorder above T-C. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Imaging Grp, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Holt, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Imaging Grp, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mvholt@aps.anl.gov RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.065501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400038 PM 17358954 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Kollmus, H Mahner, E Covo, MK Bellachioma, MC Bender, M Bieniosek, FM Hedlund, E Kramer, A Kwan, J Malyshev, OB Prost, L Seidl, PA Westenskow, G Westerberg, L AF Molvik, A. W. Kollmus, H. Mahner, E. Kireeff Covo, M. Bellachioma, M. C. Bender, M. Bieniosek, F. M. Hedlund, E. Kraemer, A. Kwan, J. Malyshev, O. B. Prost, L. Seidl, P. A. Westenskow, G. Westerberg, L. TI Heavy-ion-induced electronic desorption of gas from metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; DEPENDENCE; NITROGEN; EROSION; NEBULA; ICES AB During heavy-ion operation in several particle accelerators worldwide, dynamic pressure rises of orders of magnitude were triggered by lost beam ions that bombarded the vacuum chamber walls. This ion-induced molecular desorption, observed at CERN, GSI, and BNL, can seriously limit the ion beam lifetime and intensity of the accelerator. From dedicated test stand experiments we have discovered that heavy-ion-induced gas desorption scales with the electronic energy loss (dE(e)/dx) of the ions slowing down in matter; but it varies only little with the ion impact angle, unlike electronic sputtering. C1 Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Uppsala, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington, Cheshire, England. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Malyshev, Oleg/0000-0001-9345-3225 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 064801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.064801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400034 PM 17358950 ER PT J AU Quek, SY Neaton, JB Hybertsen, MS Kaxiras, E Louie, SG AF Quek, Su Ying Neaton, J. B. Hybertsen, Mark S. Kaxiras, Efthimios Louie, Steven G. TI Negative differential resistance in transport through organic molecules on silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-DIRECTED GROWTH; SI(001) SURFACE; BAND-GAPS; SEMICONDUCTORS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; CYCLOPENTENE; INSULATORS AB Recent scanning tunneling microscopy studies of individual organic molecules on Si(001) reported negative differential resistance (NDR) above a critical applied field, observations explained by a resonant tunneling model proposed prior to the experiments. Here we use both density functional theory and a many-electron GW self-energy approach to quantitatively assess the viability of this mechanism in hybrid junctions with organic molecules on Si. For cyclopentene on p-type Si(001), the frontier energy levels are calculated to be independent of applied electric fields, ruling out the proposed mechanism for NDR. Guidelines for achieving NDR are developed and illustrated with two related molecules, aminocyclopentene and pyrroline. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Quek, SY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JBNeaton@lbl.gov; kaxiras@physics.harvard.edu RI Quek, Su Ying/I-2934-2014; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 066807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.066807 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400055 PM 17358971 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Jennings, CA Rochau, GA Rosenthal, SE Sarkisov, GS Sasorov, PV Stygar, WA Bennett, LF Bliss, DE Chittenden, JP Cuneo, ME Haines, MG Leeper, RJ Mock, RC Nash, TJ Peterson, DL AF Sanford, T. W. L. Jennings, C. A. Rochau, G. A. Rosenthal, S. E. Sarkisov, G. S. Sasorov, P. V. Stygar, W. A. Bennett, L. F. Bliss, D. E. Chittenden, J. P. Cuneo, M. E. Haines, M. G. Leeper, R. J. Mock, R. C. Nash, T. J. Peterson, D. L. TI Wire initiation critical for radiation symmetry in z-pinch-driven dynamic hohlraums SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ICF EXPERIMENTS; VACUUM; POWER AB Axial symmetry in x-ray radiation of wire-array z pinches is important for the creation of dynamic hohlraums used to compress inertial-confinement-fusion capsules. We present the first evidence that this symmetry is directly correlated with the magnitude of the negative radial electric field along the wire surface. This field (in turn) is inferred to control the initial energy deposition into the wire cores, as well as any current shorting to the return conductor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London SW7 2BW, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 065003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.065003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400037 PM 17358953 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Eggert, JH Jankowski, A Celliers, PM Edwards, MJ Gupta, YM Asay, JR Collins, GW AF Smith, Raymond F. Eggert, Jon H. Jankowski, Alan Celliers, Peter M. Edwards, M. John Gupta, Yogendra M. Asay, James R. Collins, Gilbert W. TI Stiff response of aluminum under ultrafast shockless compression to 110 GPA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; WAVES; PRESSURE; SOLIDS AB A laser-produced x-ray drive was used to shocklessly compress solid aluminum to a peak longitudinal stress of 110 GPa within 10 ns. Interface velocities versus time for multiple sample thicknesses were measured and converted to stress density (P-x-rho) using an iterative Lagrangian analysis. These are the fastest shockless compression P-x(rho) results reported to date, and are stiffer than models that have been benchmarked against both static and shock-wave experiments. The present results suggest that at these short time scales there is a higher stress-dependent strength and a stiffer time-dependent inelastic response than had been expected. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011 NR 32 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 065701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.065701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400040 PM 17358956 ER PT J AU Zhang, PH Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Zhang, Peihong Louie, Steven G. Cohen, Marvin L. TI Electron-phonon renormalization in cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; INTERPLAY; ALLOYS AB Electron-phonon (e-ph) renormalization effects in a model cuprate system CaCuO2 are studied by employing density functional theory based methods. Whereas calculations based on the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) predicts negligible e-ph coupling effects of the half-breathing Cu-O bond stretching mode, the inclusion of a screened on-site Coulomb interaction (U) in the LSDA+U calculations greatly enhances the e-ph coupling strength of this mode. The full-breathing mode, on the other hand, shows a much weaker e-ph renormalization effect. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, PH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 AR 067005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.067005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 134XJ UT WOS:000244117400061 PM 17358977 ER PT J AU Whitesides, GM Crabtree, GW AF Whitesides, George M. Crabtree, George W. TI Don't forget long-term fundamental research in energy SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Achieving a fundamental understanding of the phenomena that will underpin both global stewardship and future technologies in energy calls for a thoughtful balance between large-scale immediate solutions using existing technology and the fundamental research needed to provide better solutions in the 50-year period. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whitesides, GM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5813 BP 796 EP 798 DI 10.1126/science.1140362 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134FN UT WOS:000244069000053 PM 17289985 ER PT J AU Himmel, ME Ding, SY Johnson, DK Adney, WS Nimlos, MR Brady, JW Foust, TD AF Himmel, Michael E. Ding, Shi-You Johnson, David K. Adney, William S. Nimlos, Mark R. Brady, John W. Foust, Thomas D. TI Biomass recalcitrance: Engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DILUTE-SULFURIC-ACID; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; CORN STOVER; CELL-WALL; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CELLULOSE; PRETREATMENT AB Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have been developed during the past 80 years that allow this conversion process to occur, and the clear objective now is to make this process cost-competitive in today's markets. Here, we consider the natural resistance of plant cell walls to microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, collectively known as "biomass recalcitrance." It is this property of plants that is largely responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion. To achieve sustainable energy production, it will be necessary to overcome the chemical and structural properties that have evolved in biomass to prevent its disassembly. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mike_himmel@nrel.gov RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011; Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782; NR 39 TC 1831 Z9 1924 U1 112 U2 915 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 9 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5813 BP 804 EP 807 DI 10.1126/science.1137016 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134FN UT WOS:000244069000056 PM 17289988 ER PT J AU Allesch, M Schwegler, E Galli, G AF Allesch, Markus Schwegler, Eric Galli, Giulia TI Structure of hydrophobic hydration of benzene and hexafluorobenzene from first principles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DIP INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MONTE-CARLO; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; WATER; SOLVATION AB We report on the aqueous hydration of benzene and hexafluorobenzene, as obtained by carrying out extensive (> 100 ps) first principles molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that benzene and hexafluorobenzene do not behave as ordinary hydrophobic solutes, but rather present two distinct regions, one equatorial and the other axial, that exhibit different solvation properties. While in both cases the equatorial regions behave as typical hydrophobic solutes, the solvation properties of the axial regions depend strongly on the nature of the pi-water interaction. In particular, pi-hydrogen and pi-lone pair interactions are found to dominate in benzene and hexafluorobenzene, respectively, which leads to substantially different orientations of water near the two solutes. We present atomic and electronic structure results (in terms of Maximally Localized Wannier Functions) providing a microscopic description of benzene- and hexafluorobenzene-water interfaces, as well as a comparative study of the two solutes. Our results point at the importance of an accurate description of interfacial water to characterize hydration properties of apolar molecules, as these are strongly influenced by subtle charge rearrangements and dipole moment redistributions in interfacial regions. C1 Graz Univ Technol, Dept Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schwegler, E (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Dept Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 75 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1081 EP 1089 DI 10.1021/jp065429c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 131SI UT WOS:000243889800019 PM 17266261 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, 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M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Assis Jesus, A. C. S. Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Blumenschein, U. Boehnlein, A. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. 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Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Strohmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Surnowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, A. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, A. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewiez, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA DO Collaboration TI Search for the pair production of scalar top quarks in the acoplanar charm jet final state in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY; COLLIDERS; PHYSICS AB A search for the pair production of scalar top quarks, (t) over tilde, has been performed in 360 pb(-1) of data from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, collected by the D phi detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The (t) over tilde decay mode considered is (t) over tilde -> c (chi) over tilde (0)(1), where (chi) over tilde (0)(1) is the lightest supersymmetric particle. The topology analyzed therefore consists of a pair of acoplanar heavy-flavor jets with missing transverse energy. The data and standard model expectation are in agreement, anda 95% C.L. exclusion domain in the (m((t) over tilde), m((chi) over tilde1)(0)) plane has been determined, extending the domain excluded by previous experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ Prague, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA Serv Phys Particles, Saclay, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst NIKHEF, FOM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegene, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Grivaz, JF (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM grivaz@lal.in2p3.fr RI Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015 OI Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 645 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.12.024 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 137SW UT WOS:000244313500004 ER PT J AU Plehn, T Rainwater, D Skands, P AF Plehn, T. Rainwater, D. Skands, P. TI Squark and gluino production with jets SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TO-BACK JETS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRON COLLIDERS; PARTON SHOWERS; QCD; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; COHERENT AB We present cross section predictions for squark and gluino production at the LHC, in association with up to two additional hard jets. These cross sections can be very large in comparison to the inclusive Born rates. Because hadron collider experiments utilize hard jets in the reconstruction of cascade decays or as a way to separate squark and gluino production, the understanding of these processes is crucial. We show to what degree hard jet radiation can be described by shower algorithms and point out how tuning these showers, for example to top quark pair production, could help reduce theoretical uncertainties for new physics searches at the LHC. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rain@pas.rochester.edu OI rainwater, david/0000-0002-3668-4331; Skands, Peter/0000-0003-0024-3822 NR 55 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 8 PY 2007 VL 645 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2006.12.009 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 137SW UT WOS:000244313500020 ER PT J AU Lawrence, DJ Puetter, RC Elphic, RC Feldman, WC Hagerty, JJ Prettyman, TH Spudis, PD AF Lawrence, D. J. Puetter, R. C. Elphic, R. C. Feldman, W. C. Hagerty, J. J. Prettyman, T. H. Spudis, P. D. TI Global spatial deconvolution of Lunar Prospector Th abundances SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; GAMMA-RAY; SURFACE; PIXON; MOON; IRON AB We have completed the first global spatial deconvolution analysis of planetary gamma-ray data for lunar Th abundances as measured by the Lunar Prospector Gamma-ray Spectrometer. We tested two different spatial deconvolution techniques - Jansson's method and the Pixon method - and determined that the Pixon method provides superior performance. The final deconvolved map results in a spatial resolution improvement of a factor of 1.5-2. The newly deconvolved data allow us to clearly delineate nearside Th enhancements and depressions, validate enhanced Th abundances associated with specific lunar red spots, and reveal new details of the Th distribution at the Aristarchus plateau. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, GRp ISR1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. PixonImaging LLC, San Diego, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, GRp ISR1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 AR L03201 DI 10.1029/2006GL028530 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136DA UT WOS:000244201600003 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Rohr, K Rawal, A Fang, XW AF Schmidt-Rohr, K. Rawal, A. Fang, X. -W. TI A new NMR method for determining the particle thickness in nanocomposites, using T-2,T-H-selective X{H-1} recoupling SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ECHO DOUBLE-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROTATING SOLIDS; COMPOSITE PULSES; POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; BONE; CLAY; OH AB A new nuclear magnetic resonance approach for characterizing the thickness of phosphate, silicate, carbonate, and other nanoparticles in organic-inorganic nanocomposites is presented. The particle thickness is probed using the strongly distant-dependent dipolar couplings between the abundant protons in the organic phase and X nuclei (P-31, Si-29, C-13, Al-27, Na-23, etc.) in the inorganic phase. This approach requires pulse sequences with heteronuclear dephasing only by the polymer or surface protons that experience strong homonuclear interactions, but not by dispersed OH or water protons in the inorganic phase, which have long transverse relaxation times T-2,T-H. This goal is achieved by heteronuclear recoupling with dephasing by strong homonuclear interactions of protons (HARDSHIP). The pulse sequence alternates heteronuclear recoupling for similar to 0.15 ms with periods of homonuclear dipolar dephasing that are flanked by canceling 90 degrees pulses. The heteronuclear evolution of the long-T-2,T-H protons is refocused within two recoupling periods, so that H-1 spin diffusion cannot significantly dephase these coherences. For the short-T-2,T-H protons of a relatively immobile organic matrix, the heteronuclear dephasing rate depends simply on the heteronuclear second moment. Homonuclear interactions do not affect the dephasing, even though no homonuclear decoupling is applied, because long-range H-1-X dipolar couplings approximately commute with short-range H-1-H-1 couplings, and heteronuclear recoupling periods are relatively short. This is shown in a detailed analysis based on interaction representations. The algorithm for simulating the dephasing data is described. The new method is demonstrated on a clay-polymer nanocomposite, diamond nanocrystals with protonated surfaces, and the bioapatite-collagen nanocomposite in bone, as well as pure clay and hydroxyapatite. The diameters of the nanoparticles in these materials range between 1 and 5 nm. Simulations show that spherical particles of up to 10 nm diameter can be characterized quite easily. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 5 AR 054701 DI 10.1063/1.2429069 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133WM UT WOS:000244044600031 PM 17302492 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Baumert, J Ocko, BM Kuzmenko, I Checco, A Tamam, L Ofer, E Gog, T Gang, O Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E. Baumert, J. Ocko, B. M. Kuzmenko, I. Checco, A. Tamam, L. Ofer, E. Gog, T. Gang, O. Deutsch, M. TI The surface structure of concentrated aqueous salt solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER-SURFACE; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; ION HYDRATION; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-MECHANISM; TENSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATIONS; POTENTIALS AB The surface-normal electron density profile rho(s)(z) of concentrated aqueous salt solutions of RbBr, CsCl, LiBr, RbCl, and SrCl2 was determined by x-ray reflectivity (XR). For all but RbBr and SrCl2 rho(s)(z) increases monotonically with depth z from rho(s)(z)=0 in the vapor (z < 0) to rho(s)(z)=rho(b) of the bulk (z > 0) over a width of a few angstroms. The width is commensurate with the expected interface broadening by thermally excited capillary waves. Anomalous (resonant) XR of RbBr reveals a depletion at the surface of Br- ions to a depth of similar to 10 angstrom. For SrCl2, the observed rho(s)(z)>rho(b) may imply a similar surface depletion of Cl- ions to a depth of a few angstorms. However, as the deviations of the XRs of RbBr and SrCl2 from those of the other solutions are small, the evidence for a different ion composition in the surface and the bulk is not strongly conclusive. Overall, these results contrast earlier theoretical and simulational results and nonstructural measurements, where significant surface layering of alternate, oppositely charged, ions is concluded. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Soft Condensed Matter & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sloutskin, E (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il NR 74 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 5 AR 054704 DI 10.1063/1.2431361 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133WM UT WOS:000244044600034 PM 17302495 ER PT J AU Hoche, D Shinn, M Kaspar, J Rapin, G Schaaf, P AF Hoeche, Daniel Shinn, Michelle Kaspar, Joerg Rapin, Gerd Schaaf, Peter TI Laser pulse structure dependent texture of FEL synthesized TiNx coatings SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; STRAIN-ENERGY; TITANIUM; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; CRYSTALS; KINETICS; GAS AB Titanium was laser nitrided by means of free electron laser ( FEL) irradiation in pure nitrogen atmosphere. The variation of macropulse frequency and duration of the FEL micropulse trains resulted in the formation of delta-TiNx coatings with different thicknesses and different micro- and macroscopic morphologies. The coatings revealed characteristic values for hardness, roughness and crystallographic texture, which originate from the growth mechanism, the solid - liquid interface energy and the strain. Further investigations showed that the dendritic growth begins at the surface and the alignment of the dendrites is normal to the surface. A correlation of the texture with the time structure of the laser pulses was found. Combined numerical simulations of temperature evolution and nitrogen diffusion were performed and the results were compared with the experimental findings. The simulations can explain the experimental results to a great extent. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Free Elect Laser Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Werkstoff & Strahltech, D-01277 Dresden, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Numer & Angewandte Math, D-37083 Gottingen, Germany. RP Hoche, D (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, Friedrich Hund Platz 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM pschaaf@uni-goettingen.de RI Hoche, Daniel/G-8556-2013; Schaaf, Peter/B-4934-2009 OI Hoche, Daniel/0000-0002-7719-6684; Schaaf, Peter/0000-0002-8802-6621 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 818 EP 825 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/3/019 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 131YD UT WOS:000243907700028 ER PT J AU Mazurkiewicz, K Haranczyk, M Gutowski, M Rak, J Radisic, D Eustis, SN Wang, D Bowen, KH AF Mazurkiewicz, Kamil Haranczyk, Maciej Gutowski, Maciej Rak, Janusz Radisic, Dunja Eustis, Soren N. Wang, Di Bowen, Kit H. TI Valence anions in complexes of adenine and 9-methyladenine with formic acid: Stabilization by intermolecular proton transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXCESS ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; DNA STRAND BREAKS; AB-INITIO; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RARE TAUTOMERS; RADICAL IONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB Photoelectron spectra of adenine-formic acid (AFA(-)) and 9-methyladenine-formic acid (MAFA(-)) anionic complexes have been recorded with 2.540 eV photons. These spectra reveal broad features with maxima at 1.5-1.4 eV that indicate formation of stable valence anions in the gas phase. The neutral and anionic complexes of adenine/9-methyladenine and formic acid were also studied computationally at the B3LYP, second-order Moller-Plesset, and coupled-cluster levels of theory with the 6-31++G** and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. The neutral complexes form cyclic hydrogen bonds, and the most stable dimers are bound by 17.7 and 16.0 kcal/mol for AFA and MAFA, respectively. The theoretical results indicate that the excess electron in both AFA(-) and MAFA(-) occupies a pi* orbital localized on adenine/9-methyladenine, and the adiabatic stability of the most stable anions amounts to 0.67 and 0.54 eV for AFA(-) and MAFA(-), respectively. The attachment of the excess electron to the complexes induces a barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) from the carboxylic group of formic acid to a N atom of adenine or 9-methyladenine. As a result, the most stable structures of the anionic complexes can be characterized as neutral radicals of hydrogenated adenine (9-methyladenine) solvated by a deprotonated formic acid. The BFPT to the N atoms of adenine may be biologically relevant because some of these sites are not involved in the Watson-Crick pairing scheme and are easily accessible in the cellular environment. We suggest that valence anions of purines might be as important as those of pyrimidines in the process of DNA damage by low-energy electrons. C1 Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Chem, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rak, J (reprint author), Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, Sobieskiego 18, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. EM janusz@raptor.chem.univ.gda.pl; kbowen@jhu.edu RI Eustis, Soren/F-1911-2011; Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 62 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1224 DI 10.1021/ja066229h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131AL UT WOS:000243840100039 PM 17263404 ER PT J AU Song, WJ Seo, MS George, SD Ohta, T Song, R Kang, MJ Tosha, T Kitagawa, T Solomon, EI Nam, W AF Song, Woon Ju Seo, Mi Sook George, Serena DeBeer Ohta, Takehiro Song, Rita Kang, Min-Jung Tosha, Takehiko Kitagawa, Teizo Solomon, Edward I. Nam, Wonwoo TI Synthesis, characterization, and reactivities of manganese(V)-oxo porphyrin complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; WATER-SOLUBLE METALLOPORPHYRINS; CYTOCHROME-P450 MODEL REACTIONS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS GENERATION; ISOTOPICALLY LABELED WATER; CATION-RADICAL COMPLEXES; OXO-HYDROXO TAUTOMERISM; COMPOUND-I FORMATION; OXOMANGANESE(V) PORPHYRIN; ATOM-TRANSFER AB The reactions of manganese(III) porphyrin complexes with terminal oxidants, such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid, iodosylarenes, and H2O2, produced high-valent manganese(V)-oxo porphyrins in the presence of base in organic solvents at room temperature. The manganese(V)-oxo porphyrins have been characterized with various spectroscopic techniques, including UV-vis, EPR, H-1 and F-19 NMR, resonance Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The combined spectroscopic results indicate that the manganese(V)-oxo porphyrins are diamagnetic low-spin (S = 0) species with a longer, weaker Mn-O bond than in previously reported Mn(V)-oxo complexes of non-porphyrin ligands. This is indicative of double-bond character between the manganese(V) ion and the oxygen atom and may be attributed to the presence of a trans axial ligand. The [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) species are stable in the presence of base at room temperature. The stability of the intermediates is dependent on base concentration. In the absence of base, (Porp)(MnO)-O-IV is generated instead of the [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) species. The stability of the [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) species also depends on the electronic nature of the porphyrin ligands: [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) complexes bearing electron-deficient porphyrin ligands are more stable than those bearing electron-rich porphyrins. Reactivity studies of manganese(V)-oxo porphyrins revealed that the intermediates are capable of oxygenating PPh3 and thioanisoles, but not olefins and alkanes at room temperature. These results indicate that the oxidizing power of [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) is low in the presence of base. However, when the [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V](+) complexes were associated with iodosylbenzene in the presence of olefins and alkanes, high yields of oxygenated products were obtained in the catalytic olefin epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation reactions. Mechanistic aspects, such as oxygen exchange between [(Porp)(MnO)-O-V16](+) and (H2O)-O-18, are also discussed. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem, Div Nano Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Ctr Biomimet Syst, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Natl Inst Nat Sci, Inst Integrat Biosci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448787, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Nam, W (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem, Div Nano Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. EM wwnam@ewha.ac.kr RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; OI Nam, Wonwoo/0000-0001-8592-4867 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-31]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM040392, R01 GM040392-21] NR 84 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 12 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 5 BP 1268 EP 1277 DI 10.1021/ja066460v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131AL UT WOS:000243840100045 PM 17263410 ER PT J AU Biener, J Baumann, TF Wang, YM Nelson, EJ Kucheyev, SO Hamza, AV Kemell, M Ritala, M Leskela, M AF Biener, Juergen Baumann, Theodore F. Wang, Yinmin Nelson, Erik J. Kucheyev, Sergei O. Hamza, Alex V. Kemell, Marianna Ritala, Mikko Leskela, Markku TI Ruthenium/aerogel nanocomposites via atomic layer deposition SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON AEROGELS; NANOPOROUS GOLD; SUPERCRITICAL DEPOSITION; AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; METAL; ROUTE; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRODES AB We present a general approach to prepare metal/aerogel nanocomposites via template directed atomic layer deposition ( ALD). In particular, we used a Ru ALD process consisting of alternating exposures to bis( cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium ( RuCp2) and air at 350 degrees C to deposit metallic Ru nanoparticles on the internal surfaces of carbon and silica aerogels. The technique does not affect the morphology of the aerogel template and offers excellent control over metal loading by simply adjusting the number of ALD cycles. We also discuss the limitations of our ALD approach and suggest ways to overcome these. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Biener, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biener2@llnl.gov RI Ritala, Mikko/N-7268-2013; Kemell, Marianna/C-1512-2014; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010; OI Ritala, Mikko/0000-0002-6210-2980; Kemell, Marianna/0000-0002-3583-2064; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034; Leskela, Markku/0000-0001-5830-2800 NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 AR 055303 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/5/055303 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 131FX UT WOS:000243854900006 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, S Lilach, Y Button, B Moskovits, M Kolmakov, A AF Dmitriev, Serghei Lilach, Yigal Button, Bradly Moskovits, Martin Kolmakov, Andrei TI Nanoengineered chemiresistors: the interplay between electron transport and chemisorption properties of morphologically encoded SnO2 nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTING OXIDE NANOBELTS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; GAS SENSORS; METAL-OXIDES; NANOSTRUCTURES; HYDROGEN; NANOSENSORS; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH; NO2 AB The transport properties and gas-sensing performance of chemiresistors based on quasi-1D, single-crystal, SnO2 nanostructures with deliberately synthesized ( encoded) segmented morphology are explored. Such nanostructures were obtained using programmable modulation of the gas supersaturation ratio during their growth. Using hydrogen and oxygen as model reducing and oxidizing gases, we show that the responsiveness of these structurally modulated nanowires to gases is improved over that of straight nanowires of the same average diameter. This is due to the presence of small-diameter segments, which dominate the nanostructure's transport properties and to the better tolerance of such nanostructures towards contact effects. The narrow segments approximate the excellent responsiveness of 'necks' between particles in traditional thin film gas sensors but with the significant advantage of greater morphological integrity and stability. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Dmitriev, S (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM akolmakov@physics.siu.edu RI Kolmakov, Andrei/A-9095-2011; Lilach, Yigal/D-4816-2009; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017; OI Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121; Button, Bradly/0000-0002-5510-8065 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 7 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 AR 055707 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/5/055707 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 131FX UT WOS:000243854900028 ER PT J AU Nyce, GW Hayes, JR Hamza, AV Satcher, JH AF Nyce, Gregory W. Hayes, Joel R. Hamza, Alex V. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. TI Synthesis and characterization of hierarchical porous gold materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; HOLLOW SPHERES; CORE-SHELL; NANOPARTICLES; SILICA; SURFACES; SIZE; PARTICLES; MONOLITHS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nyce, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 59 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.1021/cm062569q PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 131AH UT WOS:000243839600004 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Li, WG Jia, QX Akhadov, E AF Wang, Hsing-Lin Li, Wenguang Jia, Q. X. Akhadov, Elshan TI Tailoring conducting polymer chemistry for the chemical deposition of metal particles and clusters SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYANILINE FILMS; MILD-STEEL; PRECIPITATION; ACTUATORS; GOLD AB We report chemical deposition of metal particles and clusters with various sizes and morphologies on top of the polyaniline (PANI) thin films and porous asymmetry membranes. Immersing the PANI membrane into the PtCl42- gives rise to 3-5 nm Pt nanoparticles spread evenly on the membrane surface, while immersing undoped PANI membrane into AgNO3 aqueous solution leads to the formation of micrometer size Ag sheets with strong anisotropy. In contrast to the Ag deposited on the undoped PANI membrane, Ag metal deposited on the doped PANI membrane has a random morphology and shows no preferential growth along a specific crystallographic direction. The Au metal deposited on the undoped and doped PANI membranes exhibit morphological differences from a sheetlike structure to larger particles comprised of smaller Au particulates (rice-grain shape). Furthermore, by varying the nature of the dopant, we can achieve deposition of metal structures with fiber, sheet, cube, yarn-ball, and leaf-like morphologies. Our studies demonstrate that tunable metal size and morphology can be easily achieved through tailoring the surface chemistry of conducting polymer by varying the dopant, oxidation state (doped and undoped), and polymer chain orientation. Our future goal is to further enhance the control over metal structure and morphology using a simple chemical deposition method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CPCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CPCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hwang@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 31 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1021/cm0619508 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 131AH UT WOS:000243839600027 ER PT J AU Lukens, WW McKeown, DA Buechele, AC Muller, IS Shuh, DK Pegg, IL AF Lukens, Wayne W. McKeown, David A. Buechele, Andrew C. Muller, Isabelle S. Shuh, David K. Pegg, Ian L. TI Dissimilar behavior of technetium and rhenium in borosilicate waste glass as determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; SPECIATION; CATALYSTS; CHEMISTRY; SILICATE; XANES; MELTS; IRON AB Technetium-99 is an abundant, long-lived (tau(1/2) = 213 000 years) fission product that creates challenges for the safe, long-term disposal of nuclear waste. Although Tc-99 receives attention largely because of its high environmental mobility, it also causes problems during its incorporation into nuclear waste glass because of the volatility of Tc(VII) compounds. This volatility decreases the amount of Tc-99 stabilized in the waste glass and causes contamination of the waste glass melter and off-gas system. The approach to decreasing the volatility of Tc-99 that has received the most attention is the reduction of the volatile Tc(VII) species to less volatile Tc(IV) species in the glass melt. On engineering scale experiments, rhenium is often used as a non-radioactive surrogate for Tc-99 to avoid the radioactive contamination problems caused by volatile Tc-99 compounds. However, Re(VII) is more stable toward reduction than Tc(VII), so more reducing conditions would be required in the glass melt to produce Re(IV). To better understand the redox behavior of Tc and Re in nuclear waste glass, we prepared a series of glasses under different redox conditions. The speciation of Tc and Re in the resulting glasses was determined by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Surprisingly, Re and Tc do not behave similarly in the glass melt. Although Tc(0), Tc(IV), and Tc(VII) were observed in these samples, only Re(0) and Re(VII) were found. In no case was Re(IV) (or Re(VI)) observed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Actinide Chem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Lukens, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Actinide Chem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwlukens@lbl.gov NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1021/cm0622001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 131AH UT WOS:000243839600032 ER PT J AU Jin, GB Choi, ES Guertin, RP Brooks, JS Bray, TH Booth, CH Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Jin, Geng Bang Choi, Eun Sang Guertin, Robert P. Brooks, James S. Bray, Travis H. Booth, Corwin H. Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI Syntheses, structure, magnetism, and optical properties of the ordered mixed-lanthanide sulfides gamma-LnLn ' S-3 (Ln = La, Ce; Ln ' = Er, Tm, Yb) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7; POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; RARE-EARTH SELENIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; YTTERBIUM SULFIDE; SCANDIUM SULFIDE; BAND-GAPS AB gamma-LnLn'S-3 (Ln = La, Ce; Ln' = Er, Tm, Yb) have been prepared as dark red to black single crystals by the reaction of the respective lanthanides with sulfur in a Sb2S3 flux at 1000 degrees C. This isotypic series of compounds adopts a layered structure that consists of the smaller lanthanides (Er, Tm, and Yb) bound by sulfide in six- and seven-coordinate environments that are connected together by the larger lanthanides (La and Ce) in eight- and nine-coordinate environments. The layers can be broken down into three distinct one-dimensional substructures containing three crystallographically unique Ln' centers. The first of these is constructed from one-dimensional chains of edge-sharing [Ln'S-7] monocapped trigonal prisms that are joined to equivalent chains via edge sharing to yield ribbons. There are parallel chains of [Ln'S-6] distorted octahedra that are linked to the first ribbons through corner sharing. These latter units also share corners with a one-dimensional ribbon composed of parallel chains of [Ln'S-6] polyhedra that edge-share both in the direction of chain propagation and with adjacent identical chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie-Weiss behavior from 2 to 300 K with antiferromagnetic coupling and no evidence for magnetic ordering. The theta(p) values range from -0.4 to -37.5 K, and spin-frustration may be indicated for the Yb-containing compounds. All compounds show magnetic moments substantially reduced from those calculated for the free ions. The optical band gaps for gamma-LaLn'S-3 (Ln' = Er, Tm, Yb) are approximately 1.6 eV, whereas gamma-CeLn'S-3 (Ln' = Er, Tm, Yb) are approximately 1.3 eV. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, EC Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1021/cm062349c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 131AH UT WOS:000243839600033 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Si, WD Woodward, PM Sutter, E Park, S Vogt, T AF Kim, Young-Il Si, Weidong Woodward, Patrick M. Sutter, Eli Park, Sangmoon Vogt, Thomas TI Epitaxial thin-film deposition and dielectric properties of the perovskite oxynitride BaTaO(2)N SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE-COEFFICIENT; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CONSTANT; SRTIO3; OXIDES; FERROELECTRICITY; FREQUENCY; CERAMICS AB Pulsed-laser deposition was employed to grow epitaxial thin films of the oxynitride perovskite BaTaO(2)N on a conducting SrRuO(3) buffer layer deposited on a 100-cut SrTiO(3) single-crystal substrate. Phase purity and epitaxy were optimized at a substrate temperature of 760 degrees C in a mixed gas atmosphere of 100 mTorr N(2)/O(2) (similar to 20:1). The dielectric permittivity, kappa, of the BaTaO(2)N film was large, exhibiting a slight frequency dependence ranging from about 200 to 240 over the frequency range 1-100 kHz. Furthermore, over the temperature range 4-300 K the permittivity showed minimal variation as a function of temperature. The temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant, tau(kappa), is estimated to be in the range of -50 to -100 ppm/K. The coexistence of high dielectric permittivity and weak temperature dependence is an unusual combination in a single-phase material. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ S Carolina, Nano Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Woodward, PM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM woodward@chemistry.ohio-state.edu RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Kim, Young-il/I-9322-2014 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kim, Young-il/0000-0003-2755-9587 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1021/cm062480k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 131AH UT WOS:000243839600040 ER PT J AU Lo, CT Lee, B Winans, RE Thiyagarajan, P AF Lo, Chieh-Tsung Lee, Byeongdu Winans, Randall E. Thiyagarajan, P. TI Phase behavior of nanoparticle/diblock copolymer complex in a selective solvent SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; SEPARATED DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; VARYING SELECTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Solvents used for controlling the self-assembly of polymer nanocomposites have a strong influence on the order-disorder and order-order transition temperatures. We have investigated the phase behavior of complexes composed of poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) and thiol-terminated PS stabilized Au nanoparticles in toluene-d (a good solvent for PS) by using small-angle neutron scattering. We observe that the morphologies of the neat and nanoparticle-containing polymer solutions strongly depend on the concentration of nanoparticles and temperature. Comparison of the phase diagrams of the neat and nanoparticle-containing polymer solutions as a function of temperature clearly shows dramatic shifts in the order-disorder and order-order transition temperatures. This dramatic effect can be understood by a model wherein the added nanoparticles that sequester in the preferred PS domains increase the interfacial curvature, leading to the observed changes in the nanostructure of the complex. Some effects are similar to those of the selective solvent such as toluene on the nanostructure of PS-PVP. Knowledge gained from these studies on the effects of nanoparticle concentration and temperature on the phase behavior of the polymer nanocomposites will be valuable for tailoring the physical properties of novel nanocomposites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intens Pulse Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thiyagarajan, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intens Pulse Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thiyaga@anl.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1021/ma061950t PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 131AI UT WOS:000243839700032 ER PT J AU Allen, EE Tyson, GW Whitaker, RJ Detter, JC Richardson, PM Banfield, JF AF Allen, Eric E. Tyson, Gene W. Whitaker, Rachel J. Detter, John C. Richardson, Paul M. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Genome dynamics in a natural archaeal population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE archaea; Ferroplasma; population genomics; recombination ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC ELEMENTS; SP-NOV.; EVOLUTION; BACTERIA; RECOMBINATION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; SPECIATION AB Evolutionary processes that give rise to, and limit, diversification within strain populations can be deduced from the form and distribution of genomic heterogeneity. The extent of genomic change that distinguishes the acidophilic archaeon Ferroplasma acidarmanus fer1 from an environmental population of the same species from the same site, fer1 (env), was determined by comparing the 1.94-megabase (Mb) genome sequence of the isolate with that reconstructed from 8 Mb of environmental sequence data. The fer1(env) composite sequence sampled approximate to 92% of the isolate genome. Environmental sequence data were also analyzed to reveal genomic heterogeneity within the coexisting, coevolving fer1(env) population. Analyses revealed that transposase movement and the insertion and loss of blocks of novel genes of probable phage origin occur rapidly enough to give rise to heterogeneity in gene content within the local population. Because the environmental DNA was derived from many closely related individuals, it was possible to quantify gene sequence variability within the population. All but a few gene variants show evidence of strong purifying selection. Based on the small number of distinct sequence types and their distribution, we infer that the population is undergoing frequent genetic recombination, resulting in a mosaic genome pool that is shaped by selection. The larger genetic potential of the population relative to individuals within it and the combinatorial process that results in many closely related genome types may provide the basis for adaptation to environmental fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jill@eps.berkeley.edu RI Tyson, Gene/C-6558-2013 NR 48 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 6 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 6 BP 1883 EP 1888 DI 10.1073/pnas.0604851104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 135BD UT WOS:000244127900029 PM 17267615 ER PT J AU He, JB Tangirala, R Emrick, T Russell, TP Boker, A Li, XF Wang, J AF He, Jinbo Tangirala, Ravisubhash Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas P. Boeker, Alexander Li, Xuefa Wang, Jin TI Self-assembly of nanoparticle-copolymer mixtures: A kinetic point of view SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MICELLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; NANOCRYSTALS; SCATTERING; ARRAYS AB The prediction of synergistic effects between two self-organizing systems is tested. In situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (see figure) is used during thermal annealing of a nanoparticle-copolymer mixture, and shows that the orientation of the microdomains begins at the free surface and propagates in the film towards the substrate. This synergistic interaction is shown to apply to both cylindrical and lamellar block-copolymer morphologies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Phys Chem 2, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM russell@mail.pse.umass.edu; alexander.boeker@uni-bayreuth.de RI Boker, Alexander/C-2055-2009; He, Jinbo/B-1445-2010 OI Boker, Alexander/0000-0002-5760-6631; NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 381 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200602094 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136JG UT WOS:000244217800009 ER PT J AU Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM Fischer, DA Lin, EK Heeney, M McCulloch, I Toney, MF AF Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. Fischer, Daniel A. Lin, Eric K. Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain Toney, Michael F. TI Significant dependence of morphology and charge carrier mobility on substrate surface chemistry in high performance polythiophene semiconductor films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMERS AB The authors report a significant dependence of the morphology and charge carrier mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT) films on the substrate surface chemistry upon heating into its liquid crystal phase. In contrast with films on bare silicon oxide surfaces, pBTTT films on oxide functionalized with octyltrichlorosilane exhibit substantial increases in the lateral dimensions of molecular terraces from nanometers to micrometers, increased orientational order, and higher charge carrier mobility. The large-scale crystallinity of this polymer plays an important role in the high carrier mobility observed in devices, but renders it more sensitive to substrate surface chemistry than other conjugated polymers. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Merck Chem, Southampton S016 7QD, Hants, England. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.kline@nist.gov; deand@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 NR 14 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062117 DI 10.1063/1.2472533 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300056 ER PT J AU Kuepper, K Bischoff, L Akhmadaliev, C Fassbender, J Stoll, H Chou, KW Puzic, A Fauth, K Dolgos, D Schutz, G Van Waeyenberge, B Tyliszczak, T Neudecker, I Woltersdorf, G Back, CH AF Kuepper, K. Bischoff, L. Akhmadaliev, Ch. Fassbender, J. Stoll, H. Chou, K. W. Puzic, A. Fauth, K. Dolgos, D. Schuetz, G. Van Waeyenberge, B. Tyliszczak, T. Neudecker, I. Woltersdorf, G. Back, C. H. TI Vortex dynamics in Permalloy disks with artificial defects: Suppression of the gyrotropic mode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; REVERSAL; FIELD AB The dynamics of magnetic vortices in thin Permalloy disks having artificial defects in the form of small holes at different locations within the disk has been investigated by means of frequency-domain spatially resolved ferromagnetic resonance. It is found that the vortex can be effectively captured by such a defect. Consequently the commonly observed gyrotropic vortex motion in an applied microwave field of 1 mT is suppressed. However, if in addition a static magnetic field of at least 4.3 mT is applied, the vortex core is nucleated from the artificial defect and a modified gyrotropic motion starts again. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. RP Kuepper, K (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, Postfach 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM k.kuepper@fzd.de RI Fassbender, Juergen/A-8664-2008; Back, Christian/A-8969-2012; Woltersdorf, Georg/C-7431-2014; Kupper, Karsten/G-1397-2016; Fauth, Kai/A-1503-2009 OI Fassbender, Juergen/0000-0003-3893-9630; Back, Christian/0000-0003-3840-0993; Woltersdorf, Georg/0000-0001-9299-8880; Fauth, Kai/0000-0001-6621-8860 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062506 DI 10.1063/1.2437710 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300065 ER PT J AU Martin, LW Zhan, Q Suzuki, Y Ramesh, R Chi, MF Browning, N Mizoguchi, T Kreisel, J AF Martin, Lane W. Zhan, Qian Suzuki, Yuri Ramesh, R. Chi, Miaofang Browning, Nigel Mizoguchi, Teruyasu Kreisel, Jens TI Growth and structure of PbVO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC FERROELECTRICS; PEROVSKITE AB Multifunctional materials promise to provide the foundation for a new class of devices in which functional properties are coupled to one another. Examples include magnetoelectric materials in which magnetic and ferroelectric properties are coupled. Here the authors report the successful growth of single phase, fully epitaxial thin films of the multifunctional material, PbVO3, using pulsed laser deposition. This growth offers an alternative means for the production of PbVO3 outside of high-temperature and high-pressure techniques through growth of epitaxial thin films on various substrates. The structure of this highly distorted perovskite is examined using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Grenoble Inst Technol, Lab Mat & Genie Phys, CNRS, MINATEC, F-38016 Grenoble 9, France. RP Martin, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hearst Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwmartin@berkeley.edu RI Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/B-8044-2008; Kreisel, Jens/E-1939-2011; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; OI Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/0000-0003-3712-7307; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062903 DI 10.1063/1.2435944 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300072 ER PT J AU Negres, RA Burke, MW Sutton, SB DeMange, P Feit, MD Demos, SG AF Negres, R. A. Burke, M. W. Sutton, S. B. DeMange, P. Feit, M. D. Demos, S. G. TI Evaluation of UV absorption coefficient in laser-modified fused silica SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN; VITREOUS SILICA; PULSES; LUMINESCENCE; GLASS AB Laser-induced damage in transparent dielectrics leads to the formation of laser-modified material as a result of exposure to extreme localized temperatures and pressures. In this work, an infrared thermal imaging system in combination with a fluorescence microscope is used to map the dynamics of the local surface temperature and fluorescence intensity under cw, UV excitation of laser-modified fused silica within a damage site. The energy deposited via linear absorption mechanisms and the absorption coefficient of the modified material are estimated based on a thermal diffusion model. In addition, irreversible changes in the absorption following extended laser exposure were observed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Negres, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM negres2@llnl.gov RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 061115 DI 10.1063/1.2472775 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300015 ER PT J AU Tan, PH Xu, ZY Luo, XD Ge, WK Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Tan, P. H. Xu, Z. Y. Luo, X. D. Ge, W. K. Zhang, Y. Mascarenhas, A. Xin, H. P. Tu, C. W. TI Unusual carrier thermalization in a dilute GaAs1-xNx alloy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE AB Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the E-0, E-0+Delta(0), and E+ bands in an x=0.62% GaAs1-xNx alloy were investigated in detail, including their peak position, linewidth, and line shape dependences on the excitation energy, excitation power, and temperature, using micro-PL. The hot electrons within the E+ band are found to exhibit highly unusual thermalization, which results in a large blueshift in its PL peak energy by >2k(B)T, suggesting peculiar density of states and carrier dynamics of the E+ band. C1 Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tan, PH (reprint author), Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM pt290@cam.ac.uk; yong_zhang@nrel.gov RI TAN, Ping-Heng/D-1137-2009 OI TAN, Ping-Heng/0000-0001-6575-1516 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 061905 DI 10.1063/1.2454552 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300022 ER PT J AU Tanner, CM Sawkar-Mathur, M Lu, J Blom, HO Toney, MF Chang, JP AF Tanner, Carey M. Sawkar-Mathur, Monica Lu, Jun Blom, Hans-Olof Toney, Michael F. Chang, Jane P. TI Structural properties of epitaxial gamma-Al2O3(111) thin films on 4H-SiC(0001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY; KINETICS; GROWTH; AL2O3 AB Al2O3 thin films were grown on 4H-SiC (0001) by thermal atomic layer deposition and were crystallized to the gamma-Al2O3 phase by rapid thermal annealing in N-2 at 1100 degrees C. The films were found to be chemically stable during processing based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The change in film structure was initially confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. As shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, the abrupt interface of the as-deposited films with the 4H-SiC substrate was preserved during crystallization, indicating no interfacial reaction. Selected area electron diffraction and synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction established an epitaxial relationship of gamma-Al2O3 (111) parallel to 4H-SiC (0001) and in-plane orientation of gamma-Al2O3 (1 (1) over bar0) parallel to 4H-SiC (11 (2) over bar0). No other alumina phases or orientations were observed and no in-plane misorientation was observed in the 27 angstrom Al2O3 films. The full width at half maximum of the gamma-Al2O3 (222) rocking curve is 0.056 degrees, indicating a lack of mosaic spread and a high-quality crystalline film. Twinning around the gamma-Al2O3 [111] axis was the only defect observed in these films. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tanner, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jpchang@ucla.edu RI Lu, Jun/K-3321-2015; OI Lu, Jun/0000-0003-2754-6962; Blom, Hans-Olof/0000-0002-4831-5939 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 061916 DI 10.1063/1.2435978 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300033 ER PT J AU Yang, B Wadsworth, J Nieh, TG AF Yang, Bing Wadsworth, Jeffrey Nieh, Tai-Gang TI Thermal activation in Au-based bulk metallic glass characterized by high-temperature nanoindentation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HOMOGENEOUS FLOW; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE AB High-temperature nanoindentation experiments have been conducted on a Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 bulk metallic glass from 30 to 140 degrees C, utilizing loading rates ranging from 0.1 to 100 mN/s. Generally, the hardness decreased with increasing temperature. An inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous flow transition was clearly observed when the test temperature approached the glass transition temperature. Analyses of the pop-in pattern and hardness variation showed that the inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous transition temperature was loading-rate dependent. Using a free-volume model, the authors deduced the size of the basic flow units and the activation energy for the homogeneous flow. In addition, the strain rate dependency of the transition temperature was predicted. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bing.yang@shell.com; tnich@utk.edu RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 6 AR 061911 DI 10.1063/1.2459383 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135OG UT WOS:000244162300028 ER PT J AU Weir, JJ McDonough, JE Fortman, G Isrow, D Hoff, CD Scott, B Kubas, GJ AF Weir, John J. McDonough, James E. Fortman, George Isrow, Derek Hoff, Carl D. Scott, Brian Kubas, Gregory J. TI Synthesis, structure, and thermochemistry of the formation of the metal-metal bonded dimers [Mo(mu-TeAr)(CO)(3)((PP3)-P-i)](2) (Ar = phenyl, naphthyl) by phosphine elimination from Mo-center dot(TePh)(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE ADDITION; COMPLEXES; MECHANISMS; DISULFIDE; SULFUR AB The complexes ((TeAr)-Te-center dot)Mo(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2) (Ar = phenyl, naphthyl; Pr-i = isopropyl) slowly eliminate (PPr3)-Pr-i at room temperature in a toluene solution to quantitatively form the dinuclear complexes [Mo(mu-TeAr)(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)](2). The crystal structure of [Mo(mu-Te-naphthyl)(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)](2) is reported and has a Mo-Mo distance of 3.2130 angstrom. The enthalpy of dimerization has been measured and is used to estimate a Mo-Mo bond strength on the order of 30 kcal mol(-1). Kinetic studies show the rate of formation of the dimeric chalcogen bridged complex is best fit by a rate law first order in ((TeAr)-Te-center dot)Mo(CO)(3)(P(i)Pr3)(2) and inhibited by added (PPr3)-Pr-i. The reaction is proposed to occur by initial dissociation of a phosphine ligand and not by radical recombination of 2 mol of ((TeAr)-Te-center dot)Mo(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2). Reaction of ((TePh)-Te-center dot)Mo(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2), with L = pyridine (py) or CO, is rapid and quantitative at room temperature to form PhTeTePh and Mo(L)(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2), in keeping with thermochemical predictions. The rate of reaction of ((TeAr)-Te-center dot)W(CO)(3)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2) and CO is first-order in the metal complex and is proposed to proceed by the associative formation of the 19 e(-) radical complex ((TePh)-Te-center dot)W(CO)(4)((PPr3)-Pr-i)(2) which extrudes a (TePh)-Te-center dot radical. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan & Struct Chem Grp, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hoff, CD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM c.hoff@miami.edu; kubas@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.1021/ic061654x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 130HA UT WOS:000243789400010 PM 17257007 ER PT J AU Laughlin, LJ Eagle, AA George, GN Tiekink, ERT Young, CG AF Laughlin, Les J. Eagle, Aston A. George, Graham N. Tiekink, Edward R. T. Young, Charles G. TI Synthesis, characterization, and biomimetic chemistry of cis-oxosulfidomolybdenum(VI) complexes stabilized by an intramolecular Mo(O)=S center dot center dot center dot S interaction SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; CARBON-MONOXIDE DEHYDROGENASE; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEOPHILE TRANSFER-REACTIONS; SULFUR-SULFUR BONDS; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; X-RAY; ACTIVE-SITE; MOLYBDENUM HYDROXYLASES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The reactions of jade-green Tp*(MoO)-O-IV(S2PR2) [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; R = Et, Pr-i, Ph] with propylene sulfide produce ochre-red Tp*(MoOS)-O-VI{SP(S)R-2}. The complexes have been characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopy (IR, NMR, UV-vis, and X-ray absorption), and X-ray crystallography. The distorted-octahedral isopropyl and phenyl derivatives feature a tridentate fac-Tp* ligand, a terminal oxo ligand, and a unique five-membered Mo(=S){SP(=S)R-2 ring moiety formed by a weak, intramolecular, bonding interaction between the MoS1 and (uncoordinated) S3P moieties. The MoS1 [2.227(2) angstrom (R = Pr-i) and 2.200(2) angstrom (R = Ph)] and S1 center dot center dot center dot S3 distances [2.396(3) angstrom (R = Pr-i) and 2.383(2) angstrom (R = Ph)] are indicative of a pi-bonded MoS1 unit and a weak (bond order ca. 1/3) S1 center dot center dot center dot S3 interaction; the solid-state structures are maintained in solution according to S K-edge X-ray absorption data. The complexes react with excess cyanide to form thiocyanate and Tp*MoO(S2PR2), under anaerobic conditions, or Tp*MoO2(S2PR2), under aerobic conditions; the latter models the production of thiocyanate and desulfo molybdenum hydroxylases upon cyanolysis of molybdenum hydroxylases. The complexes react with triphenylphosphine to give Tp*MoO(S2PR2) and SPPh3, with cobaltocene or hydrosulfide ion to produce [Tp*(MoOS)-O-V(S2PR2)](-), and with ferrocenium salts to yield [Tp*(MoO)-O-V(S3PR2)](+); in the last two reactions, Mo(V) is produced by direct or induced internal redox reactions, respectively. The presence of the Mo(O)S center dot center dot center dot S interaction does not radically lengthen the MoS bond in the complexes or preclude them from reactions typical of unperturbed oxosulfidomolybdenum(VI) complexes. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Young, CG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM cgyoung@unimelb.edu.au RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 939 EP 948 DI 10.1021/ic061213d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 130HA UT WOS:000243789400041 PM 17257038 ER PT J AU Boukhalfa, H Reilly, SD Neu, MP AF Boukhalfa, Hakim Reilly, Sean D. Neu, Mary P. TI Complexation of Pu(IV) with the natural siderophore desferrioxamine B and the redox properties of Pu(IV)(siderophore) complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-IONS; PLUTONIUM; STABILITY; HYDROXAMATKOMPLEXE; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; CONSTANTS; MIGRATION; IRON(III); LIGANDS AB The bioavailability and mobility of Pu species can be profoundly affected by siderophores and other oxygen-rich organic ligands. Pu(IV)(siderophore) complexes are generally soluble and may constitute with other soluble organo-Pu(IV) complexes the main fraction of soluble Pu(IV) in the environment. In order to understand the impact of siderophores on the behavior of Pu species, it is important to characterize the formation and redox behavior of Pu(siderophore) complexes. In this work, desferrioxamine B (DFO-B) was investigated for its capacity to bind Pu(IV) as a model siderophore and the properties of the complexes formed were characterized by optical spectroscopy measurements. In a 1:1 Pu(IV)/DFO-B ratio, the complexes Pu(IV)(H2DFO-B)(4+), Pu(IV)(H1DFO-B)(3+), Pu(IV)(DFO-B)(2+), and Pu(IV)(DFO-B)(OH)(+) form with corresponding thermodynamic stability constants log beta(1,1,2) = 35.48, log beta(1,1,1) = 34.87, log beta(1,1,0) = 33.98, and log beta(1,1,-1) = 27.33, respectively. In the presence of excess DFO-B, the complex Pu(IV)H-2(DFO-B)(2)(2+) forms with the formation constant log beta(2,1,2) = 62.30. The redox potential of the complex Pu(IV)H-2(DFO-B)(2)(2+) was determined by cyclic voltammetry to be E-1/2 = -0.509 V, and the redox potential of the complex Pu(IV)(DFO-B)(2+) was estimated to be E-1/2 = -0.269 V. The redox properties of Pu(IV)(DFO-B)(2+) complexes indicate that Pu(III)(siderophore) complexes are more than 20 orders of magnitude less stable than their Pu(IV) analogues. This indicates that under reducing conditions, stable Pu(siderophore) complexes are unlikely to persist. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mneu@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1018 EP 1026 DI 10.1021/ic061544q PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 130HA UT WOS:000243789400049 PM 17257046 ER PT J AU Chen, HT O'Hara, JF Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Highstrete, C Lee, M Padilla, WJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong O'Hara, John F. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Highstrete, C. Lee, Mark Padilla, Willie J. TI Complementary planar terahertz metamaterials SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED BANDPASS-FILTERS; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFERENCE FILTERS; MESH; WAVES AB Planar electric split ring resonator (eSRR) metamaterials and their corresponding inverse structures are designed and characterized computationally and experimentally utilizing finite element modeling and THz time domain spectroscopy. A complementary response is observed in transmission. Specifically, for the eSRRs a decrease in transmission is observed at resonance whereas the inverse structures display an increase in transmission. The frequency dependent effective complex dielectric functions are extracted from the experimental data and, in combination with simulations to determine the surface current density and local electric field, provide considerable insight into the electromagnetic response of our planar metamaterials. These structures may find applications in the construction of various THz filters, transparent THz windows, or THz grid structures ideal for constructing THz switching/modulation devices. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009; Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571; Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 35 TC 187 Z9 191 U1 9 U2 58 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1084 EP 1095 DI 10.1364/OE.15.001084 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WS UT WOS:000244682200037 PM 19532336 ER PT J AU Yellampalle, B Kim, KY Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, B. Kim, K. Y. Rodriguez, G. Glownia, J. H. Taylor, A. J. TI Details of electro-optic terahertz detection with a chirped probe pulse SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB By revisiting the theory of terahertz pulse detection schemes employing a chirped optical probe pulse, we address and resolve a conflict that exists in literature. In this report, we show that the equation governing the detected field depends upon the experimental scheme, and in the limit of small bandwidth, that this expression differs from the conventionally used equation through a phase factor. We experimentally verify this equation using a spectral in-line interferometry approach. We also briefly discuss the implications of our new equations for single-shot terahertz retrieval schemes. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kishore@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1376 EP 1383 DI 10.1364/OE.15.001376 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WS UT WOS:000244682200070 PM 19532368 ER PT J AU Resch, W Hixson, KK Moore, RJ Lipton, MS Moss, B AF Resch, Wolfgang Hixson, Kim K. Moore, Ronald J. Lipton, Mary S. Moss, Bernard TI Protein composition of the vaccinia virus mature virion SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE vaccinia virus; poxvirus; mass spectrometry; proteomics ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; EARLY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CELL-CELL FUSION; DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION; VIRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; FORM IMMATURE VIRIONS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; Z-DNA-BINDING; MESSENGER-RNA AB The protein content of vaccinia virus mature virions, purified by rate zonal and isopycnic centrifugations and solubilized by SDS or a solution of urea and thiourea, was determined by the accurate mass and time tag technology which uses both tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to detect tryptic peptides separated by high-resolution liquid chromatography. Eighty vaccinia virus-encoded proteins representing 37% of the 218 genes annotated in the complete genome sequence were detected in at least three analyses. Ten proteins accounted for approximately 80% of the virion mass. Thirteen identified proteins were not previously reported as components of virions. On the other hand, 8 previously described virion proteins were not detected here, presumably due to technical reasons including small size and hydrophobicity. In addition to vaccinia virus-encoded proteins, 24 host proteins omitting isoforms were detected. The most abundant of these were cytoskeletal proteins, heat shock proteins and proteins involved in translation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Moss, B (reprint author), NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0445, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM bmoss@nih.gov NR 182 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2007 VL 358 IS 1 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.025 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 131LS UT WOS:000243871100023 PM 17005230 ER PT J AU Tselioudis, G Kollias, P AF Tselioudis, George Kollias, Pavlos TI Evaluation of ECMWF cloud type simulations at the ARM Southern Great Plains site using a new cloud type climatology SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; MODEL EVALUATION AB A new method to derive a cloud type climatology is applied to cloud observations over the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) site and to ECMWF model forecasts, in order to compare model and radar derived cloud type statistics and identify the major deficiencies in model cloud vertical distribution. The results indicate that cirrus and to a lesser extent middle level clouds are the major cloud types missing in the model simulations and that they are missing mostly as parts of multi-type rather than single-type structures. Boundary layer clouds are simulated at approximately the right amounts in the annual mean statistics, but this result comes from the model simulating too little boundary layer cloud in the winter and too much in the summer. Overall, the model forecasts miss about 11% of the total cloud amount, and most of the missing cloud occurs at time periods when multiple cloud types are present in the observations. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tselioudis, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gtselioudis@giss.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 AR L03803 DI 10.1029/2006GL027314 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133VE UT WOS:000244041200001 ER PT J AU Hewitson, KS Lienard, BMR McDonough, MA Clifton, IJ Butler, D Soares, AS Oldham, NJ McNeill, LA Schofield, CJ AF Hewitson, Kirsty S. Lienard, Benoit M. R. McDonough, Michael A. Clifton, Ian J. Butler, Danica Soares, Alexie S. Oldham, Neil J. McNeill, Luke A. Schofield, Christopher J. TI Structural and mechanistic studies on the inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor hydroxylases by tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEACETOXYCEPHALOSPORIN-C-SYNTHASE; MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX-III; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; PROLYL HYDROXYLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIF-ALPHA; SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE; HISTONE DEMETHYLATION; FUMARATE HYDRATASE; MOLECULAR GRAPHICS AB In humans both the levels and activity of the alpha-subunit of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-alpha) are regulated by its post-translation hydroxylation as catalyzed by iron-and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3 and factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), respectively). One consequence of hypoxia is the accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAIs). In vitro assays were used to assess non-2OG TCAIs as inhibitors of purified PHD2 and FIH. Under the assay conditions, no significant FIH inhibition was observed by the TCAIs or pyruvate, but fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate inhibited PHD2. Mass spectrometric analyses under nondenaturing conditions were used to investigate the binding of TCAIs to PHD2 and supported the solution studies. X-ray crystal structures of FIH in complex with Fe(II) and fumarate or succinate revealed similar binding modes for each in the 2OG co-substrate binding site. The in vitro results suggest that the cellular inhibition of PHD2, but probably not FIH, by fumarate and succinate may play a role in the Warburg effect providing that appropriate relative concentrations of the components are achieved under physiological conditions. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. ReOx Ltd, Magdalen Ctr, Oxford OX4 4GA, England. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schofield, CJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. EM kirsty.hewitson@reox.co.uk; christopher.schofield@chemistry.oxford.ac.uk RI McDonough, Michael/G-2744-2013; Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014; OI McDonough, Michael/0000-0003-4664-6942; Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503; Schofield, Christopher/0000-0002-0290-6565; Oldham, Neil/0000-0001-8024-4563 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/07683]; Wellcome Trust NR 66 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 5 BP 3293 EP 3301 DI 10.1074/jbc.M608337200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 130IS UT WOS:000243793900056 PM 17135241 ER PT J AU Pierce, KM Wright, BW Synovec, RE AF Pierce, Karisa M. Wright, Bob W. Synovec, Robert E. TI Unsupervised parameter optimization for automated retention time alignment of severely shifted gas chromatographic data using the piecewise alignment algorithm SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE unsupervised retention time alignment; gas chromatography; correlation coefficient; piecewise alignment ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; FEATURE-SELECTION; PEAK ALIGNMENT; PROFILES; GASOLINE; SET; GC AB Simulated chromatographic separations were used to study the performance of piecewise retention time alignment and to demonstrate automated unsupervised (without a training set) parameter optimization. The average correlation coefficient between the target chromatogram and all remaining chromatograms in the data set was used to optimize the alignment parameters. This approach frees the user from providing class information and makes the alignment algorithm applicable to classifying completely unknown data sets. The average peak in the raw simulated data set was shifted up to two peak-widths-at-base (average relative shift = 2.0) and after alignment the average relative shift was improved to 0.3. Piecewise alignment was applied to severely shifted GC separations of gasolines and reformate distillation fraction samples. The average relative shifts in the raw gasolines and reformates data were 4.7 and 1.5, respectively, but after alignment improved to 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. The effect of piecewise alignment on peak heights and peak areas is also reported. The average relative difference in peak height was -0.20%. The average absolute relative difference in area was 0.15%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 1141 IS 1 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.101 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131JC UT WOS:000243864100013 PM 17174960 ER PT J AU Bender, CM Brody, DC Chen, JH Furlan, E AF Bender, Carl M. Brody, Dorje C. Chen, Jun-Hua Furlan, Elisabetta TI PT-symmetric extension of the Korteweg-de Vries equation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID HERMITIAN HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES; QUANTUM-MECHANICS AB The Korteweg-de Vries equation u(t) + uu(x) + u(xxx) = 0 is PT symmetric (invariant under spacetime reflection). Therefore, it can be generalized and extended into the complex domain in such a way as to preserve the PT symmetry. The result is the family of complex nonlinear wave equations u(t) - iu(iu(x))(epsilon) + u(xxx) = 0, where epsilon is real. The features of these equations are discussed. Special attention is given to the epsilon = 3 equation, for which conservation laws are derived and solitary waves are investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Brody, Dorje/F-1591-2010 OI Brody, Dorje/0000-0002-9242-9554 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 5 BP F153 EP F160 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/5/F02 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 147EN UT WOS:000244986300002 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Chauveau, J Briand, H David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Barate, R. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Couderc, F. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Charles, E. Gill, M. S. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Wenzel, W. A. del Amo Sanchez, P. Barrett, M. Ford, K. E. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Morgan, S. E. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Peters, K. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Best, D. S. Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Mommsen, R. K. Roethel, W. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Wang, K. Zhang, L. Hadavand, H. K. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Nesom, G. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Spradlin, P. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Albert, J. Chen, E. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Ryd, A. Samuel, A. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Ruddick, W. O. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Grenier, P. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Capra, R. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Brandenburg, G. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Bhimji, W. Bowerman, D. A. Dauncey, P. D. Egede, U. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Panduro Vazquez, W. Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Le Diberder, F. Lepeltier, V. Lutz, A. M. Oyanguren, A. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Cheng, C. H. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. George, K. A. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Ricciardi, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. Naisbit, M. T. Williams, J. C. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Allmendinger, T. Benelli, G. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Rahimi, A. M. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Benayoun, M. Chauveau, J. Briand, H. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. John, M. J. J. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Roos, L. Therin, G. Gladney, L. Panetta, J. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Bucci, F. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Judd, D. Wagoner, D. E. Biesiada, J. Danielson, N. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Li Gioi, L. Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Tehrani, F. Safai Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. De Groot, N. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. Hamel de Monchenault, G. Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Cristinziani, M. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Weaver, M. Weinstein, A. J. R. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the CP asymmetry and branching fraction of B-0 ->rho K-0(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B DECAYS; PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the branching fraction and time-dependent CP asymmetry of B-0 -> POKO. The results are obtained from a data sample of 227 x 10(6) Y(4S) -> BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. From a time-dependent maximum likelihood fit yielding 111 +/- 19 signal events, we find B(B-0 -> rho K-0(0)) = (4.9 +/- 0.8 +/- 0.9) x 10(-6), where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. We report the measurement of the CP parameters S-rho 0KS0 = 0.20 +/- 0.52 +/- 0.24 and C-rho 0KS0 = 0.64 +/- 0.41 +/- 0.20. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. 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Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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CA BABAR Collaboration TI Vector-tensor and vector-vector decay amplitude analysis of B-0 ->phi K*0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; POLARIZATION; B->VV AB We perform an amplitude analysis of the decays B-0 -> phi K-2(*)(1430)(0), phi K-*(892)(0), and phi(K pi)(s-wave)(0) with a sample of about 384 x 10(6) BB pairs recorded with the BABAR detector. The fractions of longitudinal polarization f(L) of the vector-tensor and vector-vector decay modes are measured to be 0.853 +/- (+0.061)(-0.069) +/- 0.036 and 0.506 +/- 0.040 +/- 0.015, respectively. Overall, twelve parameters are measured for the vector-vector decay and seven parameters for the vector-tensor decay, including the branching fractions and parameters sensitive to CP violation. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Phys Expt, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. 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Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3,Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762 NR 35 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 051801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.051801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100017 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI 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Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Observation of B ->eta ' K-* and evidence for B+->eta ' p(+) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QCD FACTORIZATION; DECAY AB We present an observation of B -> eta'K*. The data sample corresponds to 232 x 10(6) BB pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We measure the branching fractions (in units of 10(-6)) B(B-0 -> eta'K-*0) = 3.8 +/- 1.1 +/- 0.5 and B(B+ -> eta'K*+) = 4.9(-1.7)(+1.9) +/- 0.8, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. A simultaneous fit results in the observation of B -> eta'K-* with B(B -> eta'K-*) = 4.1(-0.9)(+1.0) +/- 0.5. We also search for B -> eta'rho and eta'f(0)(980)(f(0) -> pi(+) pi(-)) with results and 90% confidence level upper limits B(B+ -> eta'rho(+)) = 8.7(-2.8-1.3)(+3.1+2.3) (< 14), B(B0 -> eta'rho(0)) < 3.7, and B(B-0 -> eta'f(0)(980)(f(0) -> pi(+) pi(-))) < 1.5. Charge asymmetries in the channels with significant yields are consistent with zero. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 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Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 051802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.051802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100018 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JD Carrington, A Diener, P Rodiere, P Brison, JP Prozorov, R Olheiser, T Giannetta, RW AF Fletcher, J. D. Carrington, A. Diener, P. Rodiere, P. Brison, J. P. Prozorov, R. Olheiser, T. Giannetta, R. W. TI Penetration depth study of superconducting gap structure of 2H-NbSe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE; MODEL; HEAT AB We report measurements of the temperature dependence of both in-plane and out-of-plane penetration depths (lambda(a) and lambda(c) respectively) in 2H-NbSe2. Measurements were made with a radio-frequency tunnel diode oscillator circuit at temperatures down to 100 mK. Analysis of the anisotropic superfluid density shows that a reduced energy gap is located on one or more of the quasi-two-dimensional Nb Fermi surface sheets rather than on the Se sheet, in contrast with some previous reports. This result suggests that the gap structure is not simply related to the weak electron-phonon coupling on the Se sheet and is therefore important for microscopic models of anisotropic superconductivity in this compound. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. CNRS, CRTBT, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fletcher, JD (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; Fletcher, Jonathan/J-9023-2012 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; Fletcher, Jonathan/0000-0002-2386-9361 NR 18 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 057003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.057003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100060 PM 17358886 ER PT J AU Liu, D Guo, XF Evans, JW AF Liu, DaJiang Guo, Xiaofang Evans, J. W. TI Quadratic contact process: Phase separation with interface-orientation-dependent equistability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; REACTION MODELS; TRANSITIONS; SYSTEMS AB The quadratic contact process is implemented on a square lattice as a model with random adsorption and correlated desorption requiring empty pairs of diagonal neighbors. The model exhibits a discontinuous phase transition between an active state and an absorbing state, but equistability between these states depends on the orientation of the separating interface. Correspondingly, for a generalized class of models, we find phase coexistence over a finite region of their two-dimensional parameter space. This is in stark contrast to behavior in equilibrium systems. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 050601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.050601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100012 PM 17358838 ER PT J AU Mei, Q Benmore, CJ Weber, JKR AF Mei, Q. Benmore, C. J. Weber, J. K. R. TI Structure of liquid SiO2: A measurement by high-energy x-ray diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VITREOUS SILICA; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; GERMANIA AB The x-ray structure factor for liquid SiO2 has been measured by laser heating of an aerodynamically levitated droplet. The main structural changes of the melt compared to the room temperature glass are associated with an increase in the size of the SiO4 tetrahedra, indicating a small reduction in the average Si-O-Si bond torsion angle and an expansion of the network between 5 and 9 A. Strong directional bonds with little high temperature broadening and a high degree of intermediate range order are found to persist in the liquid state. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. RP Mei, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 057802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.057802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100075 PM 17358901 ER PT J AU Meunier, V Kalinin, SV Sumpter, BG AF Meunier, Vincent Kalinin, Sergei V. Sumpter, Bobby G. TI Nonvolatile memory elements based on the intercalation of organic molecules inside carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BASIS-SET; TRANSISTORS; DYNAMICS; METALS; DEVICE AB We propose a novel class of nonvolatile memory elements based on the modification of the transport properties of a conducting carbon nanotube by the presence of an encapsulated molecule. The guest molecule has two stable orientational positions relative to the nanotube that correspond to conducting and nonconducting states. The mechanism, governed by a local gating effect of the molecule on the electronic properties of the nanotube host, is studied using density functional theory. The mechanisms of reversible reading and writing of information are illustrated with a F(4)TCNQ molecule encapsulated inside a metallic carbon nanotube. Our results suggest that this new type of nonvolatile memory element is robust, fatigue-free, and can operate at room temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 056401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.056401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100051 PM 17358877 ER PT J AU Reimerdes, H Garofalo, AM Jackson, GL Okabayashi, M Strait, EJ Chu, MS In, Y La Haye, RJ Lanctot, MJ Liu, YQ Navratil, GA Solomon, WM Takahashi, H Groebner, RJ AF Reimerdes, H. Garofalo, A. M. Jackson, G. L. Okabayashi, M. Strait, E. J. Chu, M. S. In, Y. La Haye, R. J. Lanctot, M. J. Liu, Y. Q. Navratil, G. A. Solomon, W. M. Takahashi, H. Groebner, R. J. TI Reduced critical rotation for resistive-wall mode stabilization in a near-axisymmetric configuration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; PLASMA ROTATION; ERROR-FIELD; TOKAMAK AB Recent DIII-D experiments with reduced neutral beam torque and minimum nonaxisymmetric perturbations of the magnetic field show a significant reduction of the toroidal plasma rotation required for the stabilization of the resistive-wall mode (RWM) below the threshold values observed in experiments that apply nonaxisymmetric magnetic fields to slow the plasma rotation. A toroidal rotation frequency of less than 10 krad/s at the q = 2 surface (measured with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy using C VI) corresponding to 0.3% of the inverse of the toroidal Alfven time is sufficient to sustain the plasma pressure above the ideal MHD no-wall stability limit. The low-rotation threshold is found to be consistent with predictions by a kinetic model of RWM damping. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Reimerdes, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Lanctot, Matthew J/O-4979-2016; OI Lanctot, Matthew J/0000-0002-7396-3372; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 19 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 AR 055001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.055001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 142JR UT WOS:000244646100042 PM 17358868 ER PT J AU Martin, F Fernandez, J Havermeier, T Foucar, L Weber, T Kreidi, K Schoffler, M Schmidt, L Jahnke, T Jagutzki, O Czasch, A Benis, EP Osipov, T Landers, AL Belkacem, A Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Cocke, CL Dorner, R AF Martin, F. Fernandez, J. Havermeier, T. Foucar, L. Weber, Th. Kreidi, K. Schoeffler, M. Schmidt, L. Jahnke, T. Jagutzki, O. Czasch, A. Benis, E. P. Osipov, T. Landers, A. L. Belkacem, A. Prior, M. H. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Cocke, C. L. Doerner, R. TI Single photon-induced symmetry breaking of H-2 dissociation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDROGEN MOLECULE; B-SPLINES; PHOTOIONIZATION; STATES; LOCALIZATION; IONIZATION; ELECTRONS; REGION; D-2 AB H-2, the smallest and most abundant molecule in the universe, has a perfectly symmetric ground state. What does it take to break this symmetry? We found that the inversion symmetry can be broken by absorption of a linearly polarized photon, which itself has inversion symmetry. In particular, the emission of a photoelectron with subsequent dissociation of the remaining H-2(+) fragment shows no symmetry with respect to the ionic H+ and neutral H atomic fragments. This lack of symmetry results from the entanglement between symmetric and antisymmetric H-2(+) states that is caused by autoionization. The mechanisms behind this symmetry breaking are general for all molecules. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dorner, R (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM doerner@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Martin, Fernando/C-3972-2014; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Benis, Emmanouil/G-9543-2011; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013 OI Martin, Fernando/0000-0002-7529-925X; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Benis, Emmanouil/0000-0002-5564-153X; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704 NR 23 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5812 BP 629 EP 633 DI 10.1126/science.1136598 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131YR UT WOS:000243909400038 PM 17272717 ER PT J AU Fritz, DM Reis, DA Adams, B Akre, RA Arthur, J Blome, C Bucksbaum, PH Cavalieri, AL Engemann, S Fahy, S Falcone, RW Fuoss, PH Gaffney, KJ George, MJ Hajdu, J Hertlein, MP Hillyard, PB Hoegen, MHV Kammler, M Kaspar, J Kienberger, R Krejcik, P Lee, SH Lindenberg, AM McFarland, B Meyer, D Montagne, T Murray, ED Nelson, AJ Nicoul, M Pahl, R Rudati, J Schlarb, H Siddons, DP Sokolowski-Tinten, K Tschentscher, T von der Linde, D Hastings, JB AF Fritz, D. M. Reis, D. A. Adams, B. Akre, R. A. Arthur, J. Blome, C. Bucksbaum, P. H. Cavalieri, A. L. Engemann, S. Fahy, S. Falcone, R. W. Fuoss, P. H. Gaffney, K. J. George, M. J. Hajdu, J. Hertlein, M. P. Hillyard, P. B. Hoegen, M. Horn-von Kammler, M. Kaspar, J. Kienberger, R. Krejcik, P. Lee, S. H. Lindenberg, A. M. McFarland, B. Meyer, D. Montagne, T. Murray, E. D. Nelson, A. J. Nicoul, M. Pahl, R. Rudati, J. Schlarb, H. Siddons, D. P. Sokolowski-Tinten, K. Tschentscher, Th. von der Linde, D. Hastings, J. B. TI Ultrafast bond softening in bismuth: Mapping a solid's interatomic potential with X-rays SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PHONONS; DISPLACIVE EXCITATION; ANTIMONY; DYNAMICS; SILICON; PULSES; SB; BI AB Intense femtosecond laser excitation can produce transient states of matter that would otherwise be inaccessible to laboratory investigation. At high excitation densities, the interatomic forces that bind solids and determine many of their properties can be substantially altered. Here, we present the detailed mapping of the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth approaching a solid-solid phase transition. Our experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Appl Phys Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Tyndall Natl Inst, Cork, Ireland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Ctr Biomed, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Expt Phys, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Halbleitertechnol, Hannover, Germany. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Chicago, Conortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fritz, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dmfritz@slac.stanford.edu RI Murray, Eamonn/J-8476-2014; Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015 OI Murray, Eamonn/0000-0003-1526-663X; NR 23 TC 197 Z9 197 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 315 IS 5812 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1126/science.1135009 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131YR UT WOS:000243909400039 PM 17272718 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, AM Patamia, SE Gassend, B AF Jorgensen, A. M. Patamia, S. E. Gassend, B. TI Passive radiation shielding considerations for the proposed space elevator SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE space elevators; Van Allen radiation belts AB The Earth's natural van Allen radiation belts present a serious hazard to space travel in general, and to travel on the space elevator in particular. The average radiation level is sufficiently high that it can cause radiation sickness, and perhaps death, for humans spending more than a brief period of time in the belts without shielding. The exact dose and the level of the related hazard depends on the type or radiation, the intensity of the radiation, the length of exposure, and on any shielding introduced. For the space elevator the radiation concern is particularly critical since it passes through the most intense regions of the radiation belts. The only humans who have ever traveled through the radiation belts have been the Apollo astronauts. They received radiation doses up to approximately 1 rem over a time interval less than an hour. A vehicle climbing the space elevator travels approximately 200 times slower than the moon rockets did, which would result in an extremely high dose up to approximately 200 rem under similar conditions, in a timespan of a few days. Technological systems on the space elevator, which spend prolonged periods of time in the radiation belts, may also be affected by the high radiation levels. In this paper we will give an overview of the radiation belts in terms relevant to space elevator studies. We will then compute the expected radiation doses, and evaluate the required level of shielding. We concentrate on passive shielding using aluminum, but also look briefly at active shielding using magnetic fields. We also look at the effect of moving the space elevator anchor point and increasing the speed of the climber. Each of these mitigation mechanisms will result in a performance decrease, cost increase, and technical complications for the space elevator. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jorgensen, AM (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM andersmjorgensen@yahoo.com; patamia@gmail.com; gassend@alum.mit.edu RI Chang, Yanwei/D-8117-2013 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 3 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.07.014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 115PH UT WOS:000242745700006 ER PT J AU Strop, P Brzustowicz, MR Brunger, AT AF Strop, Pavel Brzustowicz, Michael R. Brunger, Axel T. TI Ab initio molecular-replacement phasing for symmetric helical membrane proteins SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE ALPHA-HELICES; DATA-BANK; MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNELS; ION-CHANNEL; MSCL; PHOSPHOLAMBAN; ORGANIZATION; PREDICTION; DOMAIN AB Obtaining phases for X-ray diffraction data can be a rate-limiting step in structure determination. Taking advantage of constraints specific to membrane proteins, an ab initio molecular-replacement method has been developed for phasing X-ray diffraction data for symmetric helical membrane proteins without prior knowledge of their structure or heavy-atom derivatives. The described method is based on generating all possible orientations of idealized transmembrane helices and using each model in a molecular-replacement search. The number of models is significantly reduced by taking advantage of geometrical and structural restraints specific to membrane proteins. The top molecular-replacement results are evaluated based on noncrystallographic symmetry (NCS) map correlation, OMIT map correlation and R-free value after refinement of a polyalanine model. The feasibility of this approach is illustrated by phasing the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) with only 4 angstrom diffraction data. No prior structural knowledge was used other than the number of transmembrane helices. The search produced the correct spatial organization and the position in the asymmetric unit of all transmembrane helices of MscL. The resulting electron-density maps were of sufficient quality to automatically build all helical segments of MscL including the cytoplasmic domain. The method does not require high-resolution diffraction data and can be used to obtain phases for symmetrical helical membrane proteins with one or two helices per monomer. C1 Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, James H Clark Ctr E300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, James H Clark Ctr E300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, James H Clark Ctr E300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, James H Clark Ctr E300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, James H Clark Ctr E300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, James H Clark Ctr E300, 318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brunger@slac.stanford.edu OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH63105, R01 MH063105, R37 MH063105] NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 63 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1107/S0907444906045793 PN 2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 126ET UT WOS:000243495700008 PM 17242512 ER PT J AU Choi, WB Li, L Luzin, V Neiser, R Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Sampath, S Gouldstone, A AF Choi, W. B. Li, L. Luzin, V. Neiser, R. Gnaupel-Herold, T. Prask, H. J. Sampath, S. Gouldstone, A. TI Integrated characterization of cold sprayed aluminum coatings SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE cohesion; ductility; brittle coatings ID RESIDUAL-STRESS; INDENTATION; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; CERAMICS; VELOCITY AB Cold spray (CS) technology is a recent development for producing dense, oxide-free metallic and cermet coatings with attributes not achievable by established atmospheric thermal spray (TS) techniques. Little or no thermal component (i.e. high temperature) is introduced in the CS process; deposit formation relies mainly on dynamic compaction as particles impact the substrate. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate the relationships between the microstructure, properties and residual stresses in CS Al coatings, combining indentation, dilatometry, resistivity measurements and neutron diffraction techniques. In addition, we provide mechanistic arguments for the evolution of such characteristics with post-deposit annealing. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia, Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Syst & Mat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gouldstone, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Mat Sci & Engn, Heavy Engn 130, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bubbleraft@gmail.com OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 28 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.006 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167EX UT WOS:000246435100009 ER PT J AU Nandan, R Roy, GG Lienert, TJ Debroy, T AF Nandan, R. Roy, G. G. Lienert, T. J. Debroy, T. TI Three-dimensional heat and material flow during friction stir welding of mild steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; numerical modeling; mild steel; plastic flow; heat transfer ID STAINLESS-STEEL; FLUID-FLOW; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PROCESS MODEL; PLASTIC-FLOW; CARBON-STEEL; TOOL; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION AB Three-dimensional viscoplastic flow and heat transfer during friction stir welding of mild steel were, investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy were solved in three dimensions using spatially variable thermo-physical properties and a methodology adapted from well-established previous work in fusion welding. Non-Newtonian viscosity for the metal flow was calculated considering temperature and strain rate dependent flow stress. The computed results showed significant viscoplastic flow near the tool surface, and convection was found to be the primary mechanism of heat transfer in this region. Also, the results demonstrated the strong three-dimensional nature of the transport of heat and mass, reaffirming the need for three-dimensional calculations. The streamlines of plastic flow indicated that material was transported mainly along the retreating side. The computed temperatures were in good agreement with the corresponding experimentally determined values. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Nandan, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rituraj@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 42 TC 202 Z9 222 U1 12 U2 105 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 883 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.009 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167EX UT WOS:000246435100012 ER PT J AU Van Siclen, CD AF Van Siclen, Clinton DeW. TI Spatial correlation of high-energy grain boundaries in two-dimensional simulated polycrystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary structure; grain boundary junctions; grain boundary energy; grain boundary engineering ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; TRIPLE JUNCTION; NETWORKS; DIMENSIONS; MAGNESIA; FRACTURE; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONNECTIVITY AB A polycrystal undergoes microstructural changes to reach a lower energy state. In particular, the system evolves so as to reduce the total grain boundary energy. A simple two-dimensional model of a polycrystal comprised of randomly oriented crystalline grains suggests that energy minimization reduces or eliminates any spatial correlation among high-energy grain boundaries. Thus grain boundary engineering not only reduces the density of high-energy boundaries, but also prevents their organization into a coarse, albeit discontinuous, network. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Siclen, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2351 N Blvd,Bldg 602, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM clinton.vansiclen@inl.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.047 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167EX UT WOS:000246435100021 ER PT J AU Li, SY Gazder, AA Beyerlein, IJ Davies, CHJ Pereloma, EV AF Li, Saiyi Gazder, Azdiar A. Beyerlein, Irene J. Davies, Christopher H. J. Pereloma, Elena V. TI Microstructure and texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel: Effects of die angle and processing route SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE equal channel angular extrusion; microstructure; texture; grain refinement; severe plastic deformation ID LOW-CARBON STEEL; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION TEXTURE; INITIAL TEXTURE; MODELING TEXTURE; FCC POLYCRYSTALS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; BCC MATERIALS; SIMPLE SHEAR AB Die angle (Phi) and processing route are two important factors that greatly impact microstructure and texture developments during equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). In this study, the microstructure and texture evolution in interstitial-free steel during ECAE using a Phi = 120 degrees die are investigated for up to four passes via three routes (A, B-C and C). Finite element simulations and polycrystal modeling using the Taylor and viscoplastic self-consistent models are conducted to help understand deformation behavior and texture formation. Transmission electron microscopy results reveal remarkable microstructural differences between various observation planes for each billet. The effects of Phi and processing route are discussed by comparing the current results with those for the same material processed via the same routes but using a Phi = 90 degrees die. The efficiency of grain refinement is found to be only mildly dependent on Phi and processing route. The textures can be completely characterized by predefined ideal fibers, regardless of processing route and pass number. With the exception of even-numbered passes in route C, textures developed after the same route and pass number, but different Phi can be approximately related by a rotation about the axis normal to the flow plane and the rotation angle is half of the Phi difference. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 S China Univ Technol, Coll Mech Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, SY (reprint author), S China Univ Technol, Coll Mech Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM saiyi@scut.edu.cn RI Davies, Chris/A-2391-2009; Li, Saiyi/J-3968-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Davies, Chris/0000-0001-8910-7426; NR 49 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.022 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167EX UT WOS:000246435100024 ER PT J AU Kadolkar, PB Watkins, TR De Hosson, JTM Kooi, BJ Dahotre, NB AF Kadolkar, P. B. Watkins, T. R. De Hosson, J. Th. M. Kooi, B. J. Dahotre, N. B. TI State of residual stress in laser-deposited ceramic composite coatings on aluminum alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE residual stresses; laser treatment; composites; coatings; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; AL-ALLOY; STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The nature and magnitude of the residual stresses within laser-deposited titanium carbide (TiC) coatings on 2024 and 6061 aluminum (Al) alloys were investigated. Macro- and micro-stresses within the coatings were determined using an X-ray diffraction method. Owing to increased debonding between the coating and the substrate, the macro-stresses were found to be compressive and to decrease in magnitude with increasing processing speed. The origin of the macro- and micro-stresses is discussed. To that end, transmission electron microscopy observations showed no evidence of plastic deformation within selected coatings. The micro-stresses in the TiC particulate and aluminum matrix phases within the coatings were found to be independent of the amount of debonding. This study could assist ill optimizing the processing parameters to fabricate composite coatings for specific applications. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Netherlands Inst Met Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, 1512 Middleway,326 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu RI De Hosson, Jeff/C-2169-2013; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; De Hosson, Jeff/0000-0002-2587-3233 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.07.049 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 141AJ UT WOS:000244548100008 ER PT J AU Hodge, AM Biener, J Hayes, JR Bythrow, PM Volkert, CA Hamza, AV AF Hodge, A. M. Biener, J. Hayes, J. R. Bythrow, P. M. Volkert, C. A. Hamza, A. V. TI Scaling equation for yield strength of nanoporous open-cell foams SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanoporous; foams; nanoindentation; dealloying ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM FOAMS; COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES; INDENTATION BEHAVIOR; ELASTIC-MODULUS; AU; GOLD; PLASTICITY; STRAIN; CREEP AB A comprehensive study on the relationship between yield strength, relative density and ligament sizes is presented for nanoporous An foams. Depth-sensing nanoindentation tests were performed on nanoporous foams ranging from 20% to 42% relative density with ligament sizes ranging from 10 to 900 nm. The Gibson and Ashby yield strength equation for open-cell macrocellular foams is modified in order to incorporate ligament size effects. This study demonstrates that, at the nanoscale, foam strength is governed by ligament size, in addition to relative density. Furthermore, we present the ligament length scale as a new parameter to tailor foam properties and achieve high strength at low densities. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Hodge, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, POB 808,L-352, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 4 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1343 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.038 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 141AJ UT WOS:000244548100020 ER PT J AU Choudhury, S Li, YL Krill, C Chen, LQ AF Choudhury, S. Li, Y. L. Krill, C., III Chen, L. Q. TI Effect of grain orientation and grain size on ferroelectric domain switching and evolution: Phase field simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ceramics; phase field models; grain boundaries; ferroelectricity ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; TITANATE CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALS; FILMS AB Phase field simulations were conducted in order to understand the effect of grain orientation, grain boundary and grain size on ferroelectric domain switching, stress distribution and evolution behavior under an applied electric field. Tetragonal ferroelectric domains were considered. Hysteresis loops were obtained for a single crystal, a bi-crystal and a polycrystal and the differences in their coercive fields were examined. It was found that the magnitude of the coercive field was closely related to the domain structures at the maximum electric field. Nucleation of new domains at a grain boundary led to local high stress. The effect of a reduced ferroelectric transition temperature at the grain boundary on the polarization distribution, domain structure and switching was studied. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Ulm, Div Mat, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. RP Choudhury, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxc398@psu.edu RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1415 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.048 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 141AJ UT WOS:000244548100027 ER PT J AU Lykken, JD AF Lykken, Joseph D. TI The standard model: Alchemy and astrology SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Physics at LHC Conference CY JUL 03-08, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Inst Nucl Phys Polish Acad Sci, AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Polish Acad Arts Sci, Univ Florida, CERN, DAPHNIA CEA, Polish Minist Educ & Sci, Charles Univ, Czech Tech Univ AB A brief unconventional review of Standard Model physics, containing no plots. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lykken, JD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 327 EP 338 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 144GF UT WOS:000244783800007 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M. Bromhal, Grant S. Smith, Duane H. TI Crossover from capillary fingering to compact invasion for two-phase drainage with stable viscosity ratios SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Pore-Scale Modelling CY 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC DE pore-level model; immiscible drainage; interfacial position and width; relative permeabilities; saturation and fractional flow profiles ID 2-DIMENSIONAL POROUS-MEDIA; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; FRACTAL DIMENSION; VISCOUS FINGERS; FLOW; PERCOLATION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; INTERFACES AB Motivated by a wide range of applications from enhanced oil recovery to carbon dioxide sequestration, we have developed a two-dimensional, pore-level model of immiscible drainage, incorporating viscous, capillary, and gravitational effects. This model has been validated quantitatively, in the very different limits of zero viscosity ratio and zero capillary number; flow patterns from modeling agree well with experiment. For a range of stable viscosity ratios (mu(injected)/mu(displaced) >= 1). we have increased the capillary number, N(c), and studied the way in which the flows deviate from capillary fingering (the fractal flow of invasion percolation) and become compact for realistic capillary numbers. Results exhibiting this crossover from capillary fingering to compact invasion are presented for the average position of the injected fluid, the fluid fluid interface, the saturation and fractional flow profiles, and the relative permeabilities. The agreement between our results and earlier theoretical predictions [Blunt M, King MJ, Scher H. Simulation and theory of two-phase flow in porous media. Phys Rev A 1992;46:7680-99; Lenormand R. Flow through porous media: limits of fractal patterns. Proc Roy Soc A 1989;423:159-68; Wilkinson D. Percolation effects in immiscible displacement. Phys Rev A 1986;34:1380-90; Xu B, Yortsos YC, Salin D. Invasion Percolation with viscous forces. Phys Rev E 1998;57:739-51] supports the validity of these general theoretical arguments;, which were independent of the details of the porous media in both two and three dimensions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM MFerer@wvu.edu NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 SI SI BP 284 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.016 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 127XQ UT WOS:000243620000010 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Imre, D AF Zelenyuk, Alla Imre, Dan TI On the effect of particle alignment in the DMA SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; COMBINED MOBILITY; MORPHOLOGY; AEROSOLS; SPHERES; SIZE; MASS AB The Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is designed to measure particle mobility diameter, which for spherical particles is equal to particle volume equivalent diameter. In contrast, the mobility diameter of aspherical particles is a function of the particle shape and orientation. The magnitude of the DMA electric fields is such that it can cause aspherical particles to align preferentially in a specific orientation. The same electric field and the sheath flow rate (q(sh)) define the particle mobility diameter. But, the fact that particle orientation depends on the electric field makes the dynamic shape factor and hence the mobility diameter depend On qsh. Here, we describe an operating procedure that relies on a tandem DMA system, in which the second DMA is operated at a number Of qsh to obtain information about particle shape by measuring the effect of particle alignment on the particle mobility diameter. We show how the relationship between the mobility diameter and qsh can even be used to physically separate particles according to their shapes. In addition we explore the use of simultaneous measurements of particle alignment and particle vacuum aerodynamic diameters to gain further information on particle shape and account for particle alignment in the calculations of dynamic shape factor. We first test this approach on doublets and compact triplets of PSL spheres, for which the orientation dependent dynamic shape factors are known. We then investigate applications on a number of polydisperse particle systems of various shapes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Imre Consulting, Washington, DC USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1080/02786820601118380 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140TJ UT WOS:000244529300002 ER PT J AU Kuzmanoski, M Box, MA Box, GP Schmid, B Wang, J Russell, PB Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH AF Kuzmanoski, M. Box, M. A. Box, G. P. Schmid, B. Wang, J. Russell, P. B. Jonsson, H. H. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Aerosol properties computed from aircraft-based observations during the ACE-Asia campaign: 1. Aerosol size distributions retrieved from optical thickness measurements SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOWER TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AIRBORNE IN-SITU; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR; EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS; COLUMN CLOSURE; PARTICLE-SIZE; UNITED-STATES; MINERAL DUST; INVERSION AB In this article, aerosol size distributions retrieved from aerosol layer optical thickness spectra, derived from the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) measurements during the ACE-Asia campaign, are presented. Focusing on distinct aerosol layers (with different particle characteristics) observed in four vertical profiles, we compare the results of two different retrieval methods: constrained linear inversion and a nonlinear least squares method. While the former does not use any assumption about the analytical form of the size distribution, the latter was used to retrieve parameters of a bimodal lognormal size distribution. Furthermore, comparison of the retrieved size distributions with those measured in-situ, aboard the same aircraft on which the sunphotometer was flown, was carried out. Results of the two retrieval methods showed good agreement in the radius ranges from similar to 0.1 mu m to similar to 1.2-2.0 mu m, close to the range of retrievable size distributions from the AATS-14 measurements. In this radius interval, shapes of retrieved and measured size distributions were similar, in accord with close wavelength dependencies of the corresponding optical thicknesses. Additionally, the effect of a size-resolved refractive index on the retrieved size spectra was investigated in selected cases. Retrieval using a constant refractive index pertaining to particle sizes within the range of retrievable size distributions resulted in a size distribution very close to the one retrieved using a size-resolved refractive index. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Marina, CA USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuzmanoski, M (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM mkuzm@phys.unsw.edu.au RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 202 EP 216 DI 10.1080/02786820601126789 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140TJ UT WOS:000244529300008 ER PT J AU Chen, DR Li, WL Cheng, MD AF Chen, Da-Ren Li, Weiling Cheng, Meng-Dawn TI Development of a multiple-stage differential mobility analyzer (MDMA) SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-RANGE; DMA; NANOPARTICLES; LENGTH; IONS AB A new DMA column has been designed with the capability of simultaneously extracting monodisperse particles of different sizes in multiple stages. We call this design a multistage DMA, or MDMA. A prototype MDMA has been constructed and experimentally evaluated in this study. The new column enables the fast measurement of particles in a wide size range, while preserving the powerful particle classification function of a DMA. The prototype MDMA has three sampling stages, capable of classifying monodisperse particles of three different sizes simultaneously. The scanning voltage operation of a DMA can be applied to this new column. Each stage of MDMA column covers a fraction of the entire particle size range to be measured. The covered size fractions of two adjacent stages of the MDMA are designed somewhat overlapped. The arrangement leads to the reduction of scanning voltage range and thus the cycling time of the measurement. The modular sampling stage design of the MDMA allows the flexible configuration of desired particle classification lengths and variable number of stages in the MDMA. The design of our MDMA also permits operation at high sheath flow, enabling high-resolution particle size measurement and/or reduction of the lower sizing limit. Using the tandem DMA technique, the performance of the MDMA, i.e., sizing accuracy, resolution, and transmission efficiency, was evaluated at different ratios of aerosol and sheath flowrates. Two aerosol sampling schemes were investigated. One was to extract aerosol flows at an evenly partitioned flowrate at each stage, and the other was to extract aerosol at a rate the same as the polydisperse aerosol flowrate at each stage. We detail the prototype design of the MDMA and the evaluation result on the transfer functions of the MDMA at different particle sizes and operational conditions. C1 Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, DR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Environm Engn Sci Program, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM chen@me.wustl.edu RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1080/02786820601134551 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140TJ UT WOS:000244529300009 ER PT J AU Reinis, M Weiser, B Kuiken, C Dong, T Lang, D Nachman, S Zhang, YH Rowland-Jones, S Burger, H AF Reinis, Milan Weiser, Barbara Kuiken, Carla Dong, Tao Lang, Dorothy Nachman, Sharon Zhang, Yonghong Rowland-Jones, Sarah Burger, Harold TI Genomic analysis of HIV type 1 strains derived from a mother and child pair of long-term nonprogressors SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE PROGRESSION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; ADAPTATION; EXTENSION; SEQUENCE; LEVEL AB To investigate the viral features of long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection and the selection of viral genomes, we studied serial complete HIV-1 sequences obtained from a mother - child pair, both long-term nonprogressors. Analysis of four genomic sequences demonstrated that all viral genes were intact, lacking major deletions or premature stop codons to easily explain the slow disease progression. These data suggest that viral attenuation, if present, was caused by subtle sequence variations or virus - host interactions. Serial sequences from an HIV-1-infected mother - child pair afforded us the opportunity to examine the immune selection of HIV-1 sequences years after transmission between individuals. We demonstrated that the daughter's strains were most likely subjected to immunoselection or immunoediting according to the presence of novel MHC class I alleles that differed between mother and daughter. An analysis of nef-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in the child, whose HIV-1 nef sequence differed from the maternal nef, supported this interpretation. This study highlights the potential of full genome analysis in the investigation of pathogenesis and immune selection during HIV-1 evolution. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Mol Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC Human Immunol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Burger, H (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM Burger@wadsworth.org RI Reinis, Milan/G-3524-2014 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW 000233, D43 TW000233-06, D43 TW000233]; Medical Research Council [G0600520, MC_U137884180]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 42555] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.0180 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 147VJ UT WOS:000245030500015 PM 17331038 ER PT J AU Young, AS Chang, SM Sharitz, RR AF Young, Amy S. Chang, Shu-Mei Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Reproductive ecology of a federally endangered legume, Baptisia arachnifera, and its more widespread congener, B-lanceolata (Fabaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Baptisia; Fabaceae; heat-stimulated germination; predispersal seed predation; rare-common comparison; reproductive ecology; southeastern USA ID GEOGRAPHICALLY-WIDESPREAD; SEED-GERMINATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; RECOVERY PLANS; SPECIES RARITY; LONGLEAF PINE; ENDEMIC PLANT; LIFE-HISTORY; LAND-USE; RARE AB Comparisons between rare species and their more common congener species can provide valuable information for conservation. Reproductive traits have previously been shown to be critical for reproductive success and persistence of rare species. In this study, we compared floral, seedpod, and seed traits of two Baptisia species (one endangered and one common) to assess differences in reproduction between species and among populations. Because heat can trigger germination in hard-seeded legumes, we also exposed Baptisia seeds to a range of high temperatures (60-100 degrees C) and determined seed viability. The rare Baptisia arachnifera had significantly greater pod damage by insects and produced significantly fewer, yet heavier, seeds than B. lanceolata. While B. arachnifera seeds were seldom viable at temperatures above 80 degrees C, approximately 40% of B. lanceolata seeds maintained viability up to 100 degrees C. Our various seed trait measurements suggest that B. arachnifera may be a poorer colonizer than the more widespread B. lanceolata. Additionally, B. arachnifera's reduced tolerance for high temperatures may have implications for appropriate fire management regimes for this endangered species. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Sharitz, RR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sharitz@srel.edu NR 75 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 94 IS 2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.2.228 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 136RM UT WOS:000244241800010 PM 21642225 ER PT J AU Lopano, CL Heaney, PJ Post, JE Hanson, J Komarneni, S AF Lopano, Christina L. Heaney, Peter J. Post, Jeffrey E. Hanson, Jonathan Komarneni, Sridiiar TI Time-resolved structural analysis of K- and Ba-exchange reactions with synthetic Na-birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE birnessite; cation exchange; synchrotron; X-ray diffraction; Mn-oxide ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; ION-EXCHANGE; MANGANESE; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; MANGANATES; TODOROKITE; PARAMETERS; MAGNESIUM AB Time-resolved Rietveld refinements using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) have documented real-time changes in unit-cell parameters in response to cation substitution in synthetic Na-birnessite. Potassium- and Ba-birnessite, like Na-birnessite, were found to have triclinic symmetry. Rietveld analyses of the XRD patterns for K- and Ba-exchanged birnessite revealed decreases in the a, c, and P unit-cell parameters, with a decrease of 1.7 and 0.5%, respectively, in unit-cell volume relative to Na-birnessite. Fourier electron difference syntheses revealed that the changes in the configuration of the interlayer species, and the charge, size, and hydration of the substituting cations, serve as the primary controls on changes in unit-cell parameters. Split electron density maxima with centers at (0 0 0.5) were present for Na, K, and Ba end-members; however, with increased substitution of K+ for Na+ the axis connecting the split-site maxima rotated from an orientation parallel to the b-axis to along the a-axis. Substitution of Ba2+ for Na+ did not result in rotation, but splitting of the interlayer site was more pronounced. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian NMNH, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lopano, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM clopano@geosc.psu.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 23 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2-3 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2242 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 138SM UT WOS:000244382600014 ER PT J AU Loo, RRO Loo, JA AF Loo, Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo, Joseph A. TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry of hydrophobic proteins in mixtures using formic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, and sorbitol SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHOLE BACTERIAL-CELLS; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; MALDI-MS ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DESORPTION IONIZATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS AB Three MALDI-MS sample/matrix preparation approaches were evaluated for their ability to enhance hydrophobic protein detection from complex mixtures: (1) formic acid-based formulations, (2) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) surfactant addition, and (3) sorbitol addition. While MALDI-MS of Escherichia coli cells desorbed from a standard sinapinic acid matrix displayed 94 (M + H)(+) ions, 119 were observed from a formic acid-based matrix with no more than 10 common to both. Formic acid matrix revealed many lipoproteins and an 8282 m/z ion proposed to be the abundant, water-insoluble ATPase proteolipid. Among the formic acid-based cocktails examined, the slowest rate of serine/threonine formylation was found for 50% H2O/33% 2-propanol/17% formic acid. Faster formylation was observed from cocktails containing more formic acid and from mixtures including CH3CN. Sinapinic, ferulic, DHB, 4-hydroxybenzylidene malononitrile, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole matrixes performed well in formic acid formulations. Dramatic differences in mixture spectra were also observed from PFOA/sinapinic acid, at detergent concentrations exceeding the critical micelle concentration, although these matrix cocktails proved difficult to crystallize. E. coli ions observed from these matrix conditions are listed in Tables S-1 and S-3 (Supporting Information). Similar complementarity was observed for M. acetivorans whole-cell mixtures. Including sorbitol in the sinapinic acid matrix was found to promote homogeneous crystallization and to enhance medium and higher m/z ion detection from dilute E. coli cellular mixtures. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Loo, RRO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rloo@mednet.ucla.edu NR 102 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1125 DI 10.1021/ac061916c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 131AK UT WOS:000243839900039 PM 17263344 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Collier, SL Symons, NP Aldridge, DF Marlin, DH AF Wilson, D. Keith Ostashev, Vladimir E. Collier, Sandra L. Symons, Neill P. Aldridge, David F. Marlin, David H. TI Time-domain calculations of sound interactions with outdoor ground surfaces SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE outdoor sound propagation; noise barriers; turbulence ID POROUS-MEDIA; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; FLOW RESISTIVITY; PROPAGATION; IMPEDANCE; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; MODELS; BOUNDARY AB A time-domain formulation for sound propagation in rigid-frame porous media, including waveform attenuation and dispersion, is developed. The new formulation is based on inversion of the relaxation functions from a previous model [Wilson DK, Ostashev VE, Collier SL. J Acoust Soc Am 2004; 116:1889-92], thereby casting the convolution integrals in a form amenable to numerical implementation. Numerical techniques are developed that accurately implement the relaxational equations and transparently reduce to previous results in low- and high-frequency limits. The techniques are demonstrated on calculations of outdoor sound propagation involving hills, barriers, and ground surfaces with various material properties. We also compare the relaxation formulation to a widely applied phenomenological model developed by Zwikker and Kosten. The two models can be made equivalent if the resistance constant, structure constant, and compression modulus in the ZK model are allowed to be weakly frequency dependent. But if the ZK parameters are taken to be constant, as is typically the case, the relaxation model provides more accurate calculations of attenuation by acoustically soft porous materials such as snow, gravel, and forest litter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,C1,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,C1,EE, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM d.keith.wilson@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 173 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2005.10.004 PG 28 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 131GD UT WOS:000243855700003 ER PT J AU Brown, GS Betty, RG Brockmann, JE Lucero, DA Souza, CA Walsh, KS Boucher, RM Tezak, M Wilson, MC Rudolph, T AF Brown, Gary S. Betty, Rita G. Brockmann, John E. Lucero, Daniel A. Souza, Caroline A. Walsh, Kathryn S. Boucher, Raymond M. Tezak, Mathew Wilson, Mollye C. Rudolph, Todd TI Evaluation of a wipe surface sample method for collection of Bacillus spores from nonporous surfaces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; ANTHRACIS; STRAINS AB Polyester-rayon blend wipes were evaluated for efficiency of extraction and recovery of powdered Bacillus atrophaeus spores from stainless steel and painted wallboard surfaces. Method limits of detection were also estimated for both surfaces. The observed mean efficiency of polyester-rayon blend wipe recovery from stainless steel was 0.35 with a standard deviation of 0.12, and for painted wallboard it was 0.29 with a standard deviation of 0.15. Evaluation of a sonication extraction method for the polyester-rayon blend wipes produced a mean extraction efficiency of 0.93 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.09. Wipe recovery quantitative limits of detection were estimated at 90 CFU per unit of stainless steel sample area and 105 CFU per unit of painted wallboard sample area. The method recovery efficiency and limits of detection established in this work provide useful guidance for the planning of incident response environmental sampling following the release of a biological agent such as Bacillus anthracis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Orion Int Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Amer Staff Augmentat Providers, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tact Staffing Resources, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, GS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gbrown@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.1128/AEM.01082-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800006 PM 17122390 ER PT J AU Tang, YJJ Hwang, JS Wemmer, DE Keasling, JD AF Tang, Yinjie J. Hwang, Judy S. Wemmer, David E. Keasling, Jay D. TI Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 fluxome under various oxygen conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REACTION STEPS; CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CR(VI) REDUCTION; AMINO-ACIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; CHROMIUM; GLUCOSE; GROWTH AB The central metabolic fluxes of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were examined under carbon-limited (aerobic) and oxygen-limited (microaerobic) chemostat conditions, using C-13-labeled lactate as the sole carbon source. The carbon labeling patterns of key amino acids in biomass were probed using both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Based on the genome annotation, a metabolic pathway model was constructed to quantify the central metabolic flux distributions. The model showed that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the major carbon metabolism route under both conditions. The Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways were utilized primarily for biomass synthesis (with a flux below 5% of the lactate uptake rate). The anaplerotic reactions (pyruvate to malate and oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate) and the glyoxylate shunt were active. Under carbon-limited conditions, a substantial amount (We of the lactate uptake rate) of carbon entered the highly reversible serine metabolic pathway. Under microaerobic conditions, fluxes through the TCA cycle decreased and acetate production increased compared to what was found for carbon-limited conditions, and the flux from glyoxylate to glycine (serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase) became measurable. Although the flux distributions under aerobic, microaerobic, and shake flask culture conditions were different, the relative flux ratios for some central metabolic reactions did not differ significantly (in particular, between the shake flask and aerobic-chemostat groups). Hence, the central metabolism of S. oneidensis appears to be robust to environmental changes. Our study also demonstrates the merit of coupling GC-MS with C-13 NMR for metabolic flux analysis to reduce the use of C-13-labeled substrates and to obtain more-accurate flux values. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Phys Biosci Div, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Synth Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 43 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 718 EP 729 DI 10.1128/AEM.01532-06 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800008 PM 17098921 ER PT J AU Glasauer, S Langley, S Boyanov, A Lai, B Kemner, K Beveridge, TJ AF Glasauer, S. Langley, S. Boyanov, A. Lai, B. Kemner, K. Beveridge, T. J. TI Mixed-valence cytoplasmic iron granules are linked to anaerobic respiration SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING BACTERIUM; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; MAGNETITE; REDUCTION; CARBONATE AB Intracellular granules containing ferric and ferrous iron formed in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 during dissimilatory reduction of solid-phase ferric iron. It is the first in situ detection at high resolution (150 nm) of a mixed-valence metal particle residing within a prokaryotic cell. The relationship of the internal particles to Fe(III) reduction may indicate a respiratory role. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Land Resource Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Glasauer, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Land Resource Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM glassauer@auguelph.ca RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 993 EP 996 DI 10.1128/AEM.01492-06 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 136ZY UT WOS:000244263800040 PM 17142380 ER PT J AU Yang, L Donahoe, RJ AF Yang, Li Donahoe, Rona J. TI The form, distribution and mobility of arsenic in soils contaminated by arsenic trioxide, at sites in southeast USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; ENVIRONMENT; SPECIATION; OXYHYDROXIDES; FERRIHYDRITE; DESORPTION; COMBUSTION; MECHANISMS AB Soils from many industrial sites in southeastern USA are contaminated with As because of the application of herbicide containing AS203. Among those contaminated sites, two industrial sites, FW and BH, which are currently active and of most serious environmental concerns, were selected to characterize the occurrence of As in the contaminated soils and to evaluate its environmental leachability. The soils are both sandy loams with varying mineralogical and organic matter contents. Microwave-assisted acid digestion (EPA method 3051) of the contaminated soils indicated As levels of up to 325 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg (dry weight basis) for FW and BH soils, respectively. However, bulk X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis failed to find any detectable As-bearing phases in either of the studied soil samples. Most of the soil As was observed by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), to be disseminated on the surfaces of fine-grained soil particles in close association with Al and Fe. A few As-bearing particles were detected in BH soil using electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Synchrotron microXRD and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analyses indicated that these As-rich particles were possibly phaunouxite, a mineral similar to calcium arsenate, which could have been formed by natural weathering after the application of AS-O-2(3). However, the scarcity of those particles eliminated them from playing any important role in As sequestration. Synthetic acid rain sequential batch leaching experiments showed distinct As leaching behaviors of the two studied soil samples: BH soil, which has the higher As content, showed a slow, steady release of As, while FW soil, with a lower As content, showed a much quicker release and lower overall retention of As upon leaching. Sequential chemical extraction experiments were carried out using a simplified 4-step sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP) previously developed to characterize the fractionation of As and better understand the different leaching behaviors of the two studied soils. It was shown that only about 50% of the total extractable As was removed by the first two extraction steps, which represented the most weakly bonded and readily available As for environmental leaching. Compared with the sequential leaching experiments, it was further indicated that only half of the As associated with phases extracted by the second SCEP step was mobilized by SPLP leaching. Although microwave-assisted acid digestion results showed similar Al and Fe contents in both soils, the sequential chemical extraction experiments indicated that BH soil has a much higher content of amorphous Al and Fe phases and that a comparably higher portion of soil As was associated with those materials. The experimental results suggest that remediation efforts for the contaminated sites can be directed towards enhancing the formation of more stable As-bearing compounds in the soils to reduce the environmental leachability of As. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LYang@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 320 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.11.005 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 144RI UT WOS:000244813300005 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Carlson, E Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Zogg, Robert Carlson, Eric Roth, Kurt Brodrick, James TI Using molten-carbonate fuel cells for distributed generation SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. Boston Power, Westborough, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 62 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 136PI UT WOS:000244236200012 ER PT J AU Garg, A Stubbs, CW Challis, P Wood-Vasey, WM Blondin, S Huber, ME Cook, K Nikolaev, S Rest, A Smith, RC Olsen, K Suntzeff, NB Aguilera, C Prieto, JL Becker, A Miceli, A Miknaitis, G Clocchiatti, A Minniti, D Morelli, L Welch, DL AF Garg, Arti Stubbs, Christopher W. Challis, Peter Wood-Vasey, W. Michael Blondin, Stephane Huber, Mark E. Cook, Kem Nikolaev, Sergei Rest, Armin Smith, R. Chris Olsen, Knut Suntzeff, Nicholas B. Aguilera, Claudio Prieto, Jose Luis Becker, Andrew Miceli, Antonino Miknaitis, Gajus Clocchiatti, Alejandro Minniti, Dante Morelli, Lorenzo Welch, Douglas L. TI Light curves of type Ia supernovae from near the time of explosion SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Magellanic Clouds; supernovae : general; surveys ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; K-CORRECTIONS; B-BAND; EXTINCTION; PROJECT; SPECTROGRAPH; TELESCOPE AB We present a set of 11 Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) light curves with dense, premaximum sampling. These supernovae (SNe), in galaxies behind the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), were discovered by the SuperMACHO survey. The SNe span a redshift range of z = 0.11 - 0.35. Our light curves contain some of the earliest premaximum observations of SNe Ia to date. We also give a functional model that describes the SN Ia light-curve shape (in our VR band). Our function uses the "expanding fireball" model of Goldhaber et al. to describe the rising light curve immediately after explosion but constrains it to smoothly join the remainder of the light curve. We fit this model to a composite observed VR-band light curve of three SNe between redshifts of 0.135 and 0.165. These SNe have not been K-corrected or adjusted to account for reddening. In this redshift range, the observed VR band most closely matches the rest-frame V band. Using the best fit to our functional description of the light curve, we find the time between explosion and observed VR-band maximum to be 17.6 +/- 1.3(stat) +/- 0.07(sys) rest-frame days for a SN Ia with a VR-band Delta m(-10) of 0.52 mag. For the redshifts sampled, the observed VR-band time of maximum brightness should be the same as the rest-frame V-band maximum to within 1.1 rest-frame days. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Garg, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM artigarg@fas.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 38 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 403 EP 419 DI 10.1086/510118 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129LC UT WOS:000243730000006 ER PT J AU Giveon, U Richter, MJ Becker, RH White, RL AF Giveon, U. Richter, M. J. Becker, R. H. White, R. L. TI High-resolution mid-infrared imaging of radio ultracompact H-II regions SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust; extinction; Galaxy : general; H (II) regions; infrared : ISM ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; COMPACT HII-REGIONS; GALACTIC RING SURVEY; METHANOL MASERS; INNER GALAXY; MILKY-WAY; MASSIVE STARS; IRAS SOURCES; 5 GHZ; EMISSION AB We present data from mid-infrared Keck Telescope imaging of 18 radio-selected ultracompact H II region candidates at diffraction-limited resolution. The goal of these observations is to determine the sizes, luminosities, and morphologies of the mid-infrared-emitting dust surrounding the stellar sources. All 18 sources were imaged at 11.7 and 17.65 mu m, and 10 of them were also imaged at 24.5 mu m. All the sources were resolved. We have generated dust temperature and optical depth maps and combined them with radial velocity measurements and radio data (1.4 and 5 GHz) to constrain the properties of these star-forming regions. Half of our objects are excited by B-type stars, and all our objects have derived types that are later than an O6 star. We find a significant correlation between infrared and radio flux densities and a weaker one between infrared diameters and the central source ionizing photon rates. This latter correlation suggests that the more compact sources result from later spectral types rather than young age. Our new data may suggest a revision to the infrared color selection criteria of ultracompact H II regions at resolutions less than or similar to 1". These 18 sources are part of a sample of 687 sources dominated by ultracompact H II regions selected by matching radio and infrared maps of the first Galactic quadrant by Giveon and coworkers. The new mid-infrared images constitute a significant improvement in resolving substructure at these wavelengths. If applied to all of this sample, our analysis will improve our understanding of embedded star formation in the Galaxy. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Giveon, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM giveon@physics.ucdavis.edu; richter@physics.ucdavis.edu; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org; rlw@stsci.edu RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 133 IS 2 BP 639 EP 655 DI 10.1086/510069 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129LC UT WOS:000243730000028 ER PT J AU Labiano, A Barthel, PD O'Dea, CP de Vries, WH Perez, I Baum, SA AF Labiano, A. Barthel, P. D. O'Dea, C. P. de Vries, W. H. Perez, I. Baum, S. A. TI GPS radio sources: new optical observations and an updated master list SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : quasars : emission lines; galaxies : general ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; GHZ-PEAKED-SPECTRUM; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-FREQUENCY PEAKERS; NARROW-LINE REGION; NRAO PMN SURVEYS; SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; SOURCE EVOLUTION; SOURCE CATALOG; HOST GALAXIES AB Aims. We identify optical counterparts, address uncertain identifications and measure previously unknown redshifts of the host galaxies of candidate GPS radio sources, and study their stellar populations. Methods. Long slit spectroscopy and deep optical imaging in the B, V and R bands, obtained with the Very Large Telescope. Results. We obtain new redshifts for B0316+161, B0407-658, B0904+039, B1433-040, and identify the optical counterparts of B0008-421 and B0742+103. We confirm the previous identification for B0316+161, B0407-658, B0554-026, and B0904+039, and find that the previous identification for B0914+114 is incorrect. Using updated published radio spectral information, we classify as non GPS the following sources: B0407-658, B0437-454, B1648+015. The optical colors of typical GPS sources are consistent with single instantaneous burst stellar population models but do not yield useful information on age or metallicity. A new master list of GPS sources is presented. C1 Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Labiano, A (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. EM labiano@damir.iem.csic.es NR 66 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 463 IS 1 BP 97 EP U10 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066183 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 132KO UT WOS:000243941900008 ER PT J AU Hilker, M Baumgardt, H Infante, L Drinkwater, M Evstigneeva, E Gregg, M AF Hilker, M. Baumgardt, H. Infante, L. Drinkwater, M. Evstigneeva, E. Gregg, M. TI Dynamical masses of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in Fornax SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : Fornax cluster; galaxies : star clusters; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEM; VIRGO-CLUSTER; STAR-CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPIRAL GALAXIES AB Aims. We determine masses and mass-to-light ratios of five ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) and one dwarf elliptical nucleus in the Fornax cluster from high resolution spectroscopy. We examine whether they are consistent with pure stellar populations or whether dark matter is needed to explain their masses. Methods. Velocity dispersions were derived from selected wavelength regions using a direct-fitting method. To estimate the masses of the UCDs a new modelling program has been developed that allows a choice of different representations of the surface brightness profile (i.e. Nuker, Sersic or King laws) and corrects the observed velocity dispersions for observational parameters (i.e. seeing, slit size). The derived dynamical masses are compared to those expected from stellar population models. Results. The observed velocity dispersions range between 22 and 30 km s(-1). The resulting masses are between 1.8 and 9.5 x 10(7) M-circle dot. These, as well as the central and global projected velocity dispersions, were derived from the generalized King model which turned out to give the most stable results. The masses of two UCDs, that are best fitted by a two-component profile, were derived from a combined King+Sersic model. The mass-to-light ratios of the Fornax UCDs range between 3 and 5 (M/L-V)(circle dot). The M/L-V ratio of the dwarf elliptical nucleus is 2.5. These values are compatible with predictions from stellar population models. Within 1-2 half-mass radii dark matter is not dominating UCDs and the nucleus. An increasing dark matter contribution towards larger radii can not be ruled out with the present data. The M/L-V ratios of some UCDs suggest they have intermediate age stellar populations. Conclusions. We show that the mass-to-light ratios of UCDs in Fornax are consistent with those expected for pure stellar populations. Thus UCDs seem to be the result of cluster formation processes within galaxies rather than being compact dark matter dominated substructures themselves. Whether UCDs gained their mass in super-star cluster complexes of mergers or in nuclear star cluster formation processes remains an open question. It appears, however, clear that star clusters more massive than about 5 x 10(6) M-circle dot exhibit a more complex formation history than the less massive "ordinary" globular clusters. C1 Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hilker, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Auf Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM mhilker@eso.org RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; Baumgardt, Holger/A-5444-2012 OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; NR 54 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 463 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066429 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 132KO UT WOS:000243941900010 ER PT J AU Einasto, J Einasto, M Saar, E Tago, E Liivamagi, LJ Joeveer, M Suhhonenko, I Hutsi, G Jaaniste, J Heinamaki, P Muller, V Knebe, A Tucker, D AF Einasto, J. Einasto, M. Saar, E. Tago, E. Liivamagi, L. J. Joeveer, M. Suhhonenko, I. Hutsi, G. Jaaniste, J. Heinamaki, P. Mueller, V. Knebe, A. Tucker, D. TI Superclusters of galaxies from the 2dF redshift survey - II. Comparison with simulations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : large-scale structure of Universe; galaxies : clusters : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; VOID NETWORK; COSMIC WEB; SHAPLEY SUPERCLUSTER; CATALOG; UNIVERSE; SDSS; SHAPES AB Aims. We investigate properties of superclusters of galaxies found in of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, and compare them with properties of superclusters from the Millennium Simulation. Methods. We study the dependence of various characteristics of superclusters on their distance from the observer, on their total luminosity, and on their multiplicity. The multiplicity is defined by the number of Density Field (DF) clusters in superclusters. Using the multiplicity we divide superclusters into four richness classes: poor, medium, rich and extremely rich. Results. We show that superclusters are asymmetrical and have a multi-branching filamentary structure, with the degree of asymmetry and filamentarity being higher for the more luminous and richer superclusters. The comparison of real superclusters with Millennium superclusters shows that most properties of simulated superclusters agree very well with real data, the main differences being in the luminosity and multiplicity distributions. C1 Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Estonian Univ Life Sci, Tartu, Estonia. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Einasto, J (reprint author), Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. EM einasto@aai.ee RI Knebe, Alexander/N-1815-2014 OI Knebe, Alexander/0000-0003-4066-8307 NR 58 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 462 IS 2 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065501 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 128VH UT WOS:000243686600001 ER PT J AU Einasto, J Einasto, M Tago, E Saar, E Hutsi, G Joeveer, M Liivamagi, LJ Suhhonenko, I Jaaniste, J Heinamaki, P Muller, V Knebe, A Tucker, D AF Einasto, J. Einasto, M. Tago, E. Saar, E. Hutsi, G. Joeveer, M. Liivamagi, L. J. Suhhonenko, I. Jaaniste, J. Heinamaki, P. Mueller, V. Knebe, A. Tucker, D. TI Superclusters of galaxies from the 2dF redshift survey - I. The catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe; galaxies : clusters : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; VOID NETWORK; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RICH CLUSTERS; LOOSE GROUPS; SHAPLEY SUPERCLUSTER; COSMIC WEB; LAMBDA-CDM; MORPHOLOGY AB Aims. We use the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey data to compile catalogues of superclusters for the Northern and Southern regions of the 2dFGRS, altogether 543 superclusters at redshifts 0.009 <= z <= 0.2. Methods. We analyse methods of compiling supercluster catalogues and use results of the Millennium Simulation to investigate possible selection effects and errors. We find that the most effective method is the density field method using smoothing with an Epanechnikov kernel of radius 8 h(-1) Mpc. Results. We derive positions of the highest luminosity density peaks and find the most luminous cluster in the vicinity of the peak, this cluster is considered as the main cluster and its brightest galaxy the main galaxy of the supercluster. In catalogues we give equatorial coordinates and distances of superclusters as determined by positions of their main clusters. We also calculate the expected total luminosities of the superclusters. C1 Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Estonian Univ Life Sci, Tartu, Estonia. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Einasto, J (reprint author), Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. EM einasto@aai.ee RI Knebe, Alexander/N-1815-2014; OI Knebe, Alexander/0000-0003-4066-8307; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 52 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 462 IS 2 BP 811 EP 825 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065296 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 128VH UT WOS:000243686600044 ER PT J AU Kohler, K Gnedin, NY AF Kohler, Katharina Gnedin, Nickolay Y. TI Lyman limit systems in cosmological simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; large scale structure of universe; quasars : absorption lines ID HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS; LY-ALPHA FOREST; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; GALAXY FORMATION; LOCAL-SOURCES; REIONIZATION; ABSORBERS; EVOLUTION AB We used a cosmological simulation with self-consistent radiative transfer to investigate the physical nature of Lyman limit systems at z = 4. In agreement with previous studies, we find that most of the Lyman limit systems are ionized by the cosmological background, while higher column density systems seem to be illuminated by the local sources of radiation. In addition, we find that most of the Lyman limit systems in our simulations are located within the virial radii of galaxies with a wide range of masses and are physically associated with them ("bits and pieces'' of galaxy formation). While the finite resolution of our simulations cannot exclude an existence of a second population of self-shielded, neutral gas clouds located in low-mass dark matter halos ("minihalos''), our simulations are not consistent with minihalos dominating the total abundance of Lyman limit systems. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kohler, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kkohler@fnal.gov; gnedin@fnal.gov NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 2 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1086/510443 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JS UT WOS:000243726000001 ER PT J AU Leggett, SK Saumon, D Marley, MS Geballe, TR Golimowski, DA Stephens, D Fan, X AF Leggett, S. K. Saumon, D. Marley, M. S. Geballe, T. R. Golimowski, D. A. Stephens, D. Fan, X. TI 3.6-7.9 mu m photometry of L and T dwarfs and the prevalence of vertical mixing in their atmospheres SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH IRS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BROWN DWARF; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GIANT PLANETS; GLIESE 229B; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We present new L' (3.75 mu m) photometry of six L and T dwarfs, and M' (4.70 mu m) photometry of 10 L and T dwarfs, observed at the Gemini (North) Observatory, and new 3.55, 4.49, 5.73, and 7.87 mu m photometry of nine L and T dwarfs, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The sample includes unusually blue and red dwarfs selected from our near infrared studies. The data are combined with previously published L', M', and Spitzer photometry of L and T dwarfs, and trends of colors with spectral type and other colors are examined. Recent model atmospheres by Marley and Saumon are used to generate synthetic colors for ranges of effective temperature, gravity, grain sedimentation efficiency, metallicity, and vertical mixing efficiency. We explore how these parameters affect the mid-infrared colors of L and T dwarfs and find that the data are modeled satisfactorily only if substantial vertical mixing occurs in both L and T dwarf atmospheres. The location and range of the L and T dwarf sequences in IRAC color-color and color- magnitude diagrams is also only reproduced if this mixing occurs, with a range of efficiency described by K-zz similar to 10(2)-10(6) cm(2) s(-1). The colors of the unusually red dwarfs are best reproduced by nonequilibrium models with low sedimentation efficiency, i.e., thick cloud decks, and the colors of the unusually blue dwarfs by nonequilibrium models with high sedimentation efficiency, i.e., thin cloud decks. The K-L' and Spitzer [3:55] - [4:49] colors can be used as indicators of effective temperature for L and T dwarfs, but care must be taken to include gravity and metallicity effects for late-T dwarfs and vertical mixing for both late-L and T dwarfs. C1 Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Leggett, SK (reprint author), Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. EM sleggett@gemini.edu RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 59 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 2 BP 1079 EP 1094 DI 10.1086/510014 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JS UT WOS:000243726000034 ER PT J AU Chamulak, DA Brown, EF Timmes, FX AF Chamulak, David A. Brown, Edward F. Timmes, Francis X. TI The laminar flame speedup by Ne-22 enrichment in white dwarf supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae : general; white dwarfs ID IA-SUPERNOVAE; REACTION-RATES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS; PEAK LUMINOSITY; LIGHT CURVES; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROPAGATION; EXPLOSION; MODELS; CONSTRAINTS AB Carbon-oxygen white dwarfs Ne-22 contain formed from alpha-captures onto N-14 during core He burning in the progenitor star. In a white dwarf ( Type Ia) supernova, the abundance determines, in part, the neutron-to-Ne-22 proton ratio and hence the abundance of radioactive Ni-56 that powers the light curve. The Ne-22 abundance also changes the burning rate and hence the laminar flame speed. We tabulate the flame speedup for different initial C-12 and Ne-22 abundances and for a range of densities. This increase in the laminar flame speed - about 30% for a Ne-22 mass fraction of 6% - affects the deflagration just after ignition near the center of the white dwarf, where the laminar speed of the flame dominates over the buoyant rise, and in regions of lower density, similar to 10(7) g cm(-3), where a transition to distributed burning is conjectured to occur. The increase in flame speed will decrease the density of any transition to distributed burning. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chamulak, DA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chamulak@pa.msu.edu; ebrown@pa.msu.edu; timmes@lanl.gov RI Brown, Edward/F-1721-2011 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/511856 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129JT UT WOS:000243726100008 ER PT J AU Chen, H Gu, MF Behar, E Brown, GV Kahn, SM Beiersdorfer, P AF Chen, H. Gu, M. F. Behar, E. Brown, G. V. Kahn, S. M. Beiersdorfer, P. TI Laboratory measurements of high-n iron L-shell X-ray lines SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; X-rays : general ID BEAM ION-TRAP; FE-XXII; EMISSION; SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; CHANDRA AB We present a comprehensive wavelength survey of Fe L-shell X-ray lines between 7 and 11 angstrom measured using flat crystal spectrometers and the EBIT-I and EBIT-II electron beam ion traps at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This survey includes all significant emission lines produced by over 200 n --> 2 transitions in Fe XVIII-XXIV, with n = 4-10. The identification and assignment of transitions are made with the help of detailed theoretical modeling using the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 319 EP 336 DI 10.1086/510124 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SI UT WOS:000244033100008 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ AF Bissell, M. J. TI Modelling molecular mechanisms of breast cancer and invasion: lessons from the normal gland SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BJ Centenary Symposium on Literature, Legacy, Life - Biochemistry for the 21st Century CY JUL 24, 2006 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Biochem Journal, Portland Press Ltd, GE Healthcare, Biotechnol & Biol Sci Res Council, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Alexis Biochem & Axxora Platform, DiscoveRx, Stratagene, Monsanto, European Mol Biol Org DE breast cancer; cell branching; cell culture model; beta 1 integrin; mammary gland acinus; matrix metalloproteinase ID BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; MAMMARY EPITHELIUM; IN-VIVO; CULTURES; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; CELLS; MORPHOGENESIS; ARCHITECTURE; PHENOTYPE AB The interplay between genes and environment is complex particularly when it comes to cancer. Studies on breast cancer cells have shown that environmental influences dominate over genotype in their effect on phenotype, and can cause cancerous cells to revert to a non-malignant phenotype, while remaining genotypically malignant. Using breast tissue in three-dimensional cell culture has proved a better model than traditional two-dimensional cell culture in that different cell types can be seen to behave differently to the same pro-apoptotic signal, with normal cells surviving. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA064786-13, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-04A1, R01 CA064786-05, R01 CA064786-06, R01 CA064786-06S1, R01 CA064786-07, R01 CA064786-07S1, R01 CA064786-08, R01 CA064786-08S1, R01 CA064786-09, R01 CA064786-09S1, R01 CA064786-10, R01 CA064786-10S1, R01 CA064786-11, R01 CA064786-11S1, R01 CA064786-12, R13 CA098946, R13 CA098946-01, R13 CA113258, R13 CA113258-01, R37 CA064786, R37 CA064786-14, U54 CA126552, U54 CA126552-01, U54 CA126552-010001, U54 CA126552-02, U54 CA126552-020001, U54 CA126552-02S1, U54 CA126552-03, U54 CA126552-030001, U54 CA126552-04, U54 CA126552-040001]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR019664, P41 RR019664-058286, P41 RR019664-05S17685] NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 BP 18 EP 22 PN 1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136IJ UT WOS:000244215500004 PM 17212581 ER PT J AU Xiao, TZ Dunn, EA Yannone, SM Cowan, MJ AF Xiao, T. Z. Dunn, E. A. Yannone, S. M. Cowan, M. J. TI A novel RAG-1 null mutant displays segregation of dna cleavage into transposition activity in three children with T-B-NK plus SCID SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Tandem BMT Meeting 2007 CY FEB 08-12, 2007 CL Keystone, CO SP Amer Soc Blood & Marrow Transplantat, Ctr Int Blood & Marrow Transplantat Res, Pfizer Inc C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Childrens Hosp, Pediat Bone Marrow Transplant Div, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Biol Mol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 SU 2 MA 184 BP 68 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.188 PG 1 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 133QU UT WOS:000244028300185 ER PT J AU Hoskinson, RL Karlen, DL Birrell, SJ Radtke, CW Wilhelm, WW AF Hoskinson, Reed L. Karlen, Douglas L. Birrell, Stuart J. Radtke, Corey W. Wilhelm, W. W. TI Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Zea mays; crop residue; bioenergy; ethanol; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSE); thermochemical conversion ID CROP RESIDUES; SOIL-EROSION; WHEAT-STRAW; GRAIN-YIELD; TILLAGE; BIOMASS; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; MINNESOTA; ETHANOL AB Crop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha(-1) dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mgha(-1)) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha(-1) of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top + bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macronutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha(-1) or $11.27 Mg(-1). Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insufficient soil cover, while also producing a problematic feedstock. These preliminary results indicate harvesting stover (including the cobs) at a height of approximately 40cm would be best for farmers and ethanol producers because of faster harvest speed and higher quality ethanol feedstock. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rhoskinson@cableone.net; karlen@nstl.gov; sbirrell@iastate.edu; corey.radtke@inl.gov; wwilhelm1@unl.edu NR 36 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.07.006 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 135RN UT WOS:000244170800003 ER PT J AU Hanna, ML Tarasow, TM Perkins, J AF Hanna, M. Leslie Tarasow, Theodore M. Perkins, Julie TI Mechanistic differences between in vitro assays for hydrazone-based small molecule inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor SO BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthrax lethal factor; inhibitor; hydrazone ID TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; FACTOR PROTEASE; KINASE-KINASE; IDENTIFICATION; RECEPTOR; THERAPY; CYCLASE; CLEAVES AB A systematically generated series of hydrazones were analyzed as potential inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor. The hydrazones were screened using one UV-based and two fluorescence-based in vitro assays. The study identified several inhibitors with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and importantly, significant differences in the types of inhibition were observed with the different assays. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Perkins, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM perkins14@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0045-2068 J9 BIOORG CHEM JI Bioorganic Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.07.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 138QW UT WOS:000244378300005 PM 16949126 ER PT J AU Tari, LW Hoffman, ID Bensen, DC Hunter, MJ Nix, J Nelson, KJ McRee, DE Swanson, RV AF Tari, Leslie W. Hoffman, Isaac D. Bensen, Daniel C. Hunter, Michael J. Nix, Jay Nelson, Kirk J. McRee, Duncan E. Swanson, Ronald V. TI Structural basis for the inhibition of Aurora A kinase by a novel class of high affinity disubstituted pyrimidine inhibitors SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aurora; AIK; kinase; 2,4 disubstituted pyrimidine ID SELECTIVE INHIBITORS; POTENT; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DISCOVERY; COMPLEX; VX-680; CANCER; FAMILY; SAR AB The 2.25 angstrom crystal structure of a complex of Aurora A kinase (AIKA) with cyclopropanecarboxylic acid-(3-(4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-phenyl)-amide 1 is described here. The inhibitor binding mode is novel, with the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid moiety directed towards the solvent exposed region of the ATP-binding pocket, and several induced structural changes in the active-site compared with other published AIK structures. This structure provides context for the available SAR data on this compound class, and could be exploited for the design of analogs with increased affinity and selectivity for AIK. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ActiveSight, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Swanson, RV (reprint author), ActiveSight, 4045 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM rswanson@active-sight.com OI Swanson, Ronald/0000-0002-6486-2676 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 3 BP 688 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.086 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 135RM UT WOS:000244170700023 PM 17157005 ER PT J AU Cellmer, T Douma, R Huebner, A Prausnitz, J Blanch, H AF Cellmer, Troy Douma, Rutger Huebner, Ansgar Prausnitz, John Blanch, Harvev TI Kinetic studies of protein L aggregation and disaggregation SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE protein aggregation; aggregation kinetics; amyloid; fibrils ID MISFOLDING DISEASES; IN-VITRO; NUCLEATION; POLYMERIZATION; DETERMINANTS; TOXICITY; FIBRILS; STATES; RATES AB We have investigated the aggregation of protein L in 25% (vol/vol) TFE and 10 mM HCl. Under both conditions, aggregates adopt a fibrillar structure and bind dyes Congo Red and Thioflavin T consistent with the presence of amyloid fibrils. The kinetics of aggregation in 25% TFE suggest a linear-elongation mechanism with critical nucleus size of either two or three monomers. Aggregation kinetics in 10 mM HCl show a prolonged lag phase prior to a rapid increase in aggregation. The lag phase is time-dependent, but the time dependence can be eliminated by the addition of pre-formed seeds. Disaggregation studies show that for aggregates formed in TFE, aggregate stability is a strong function of aggregate age. For example, after 200 min of aggregation, 40% of the aggregation reaction is irreversible, while after 3 days over 60% is irreversible. When the final concentration of the denaturant, TFE, is reduced from 5% to 0, the amount of reversible aggregation doubles. Disaggregation studies of aggregates formed in TFE and 10 mM HCl reveal a complicated effect of pH on aggregate stability. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM blanch@berkeley.edu RI huebner, ansgar/A-2985-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM070919-01A2, R01 GM070919] NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 125 IS 2-3 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.09.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 136JX UT WOS:000244219500015 PM 17055144 ER PT J AU Rubenstein, R Gray, PC Cleland, TJ Piltch, MS Hlavacek, WS Roberts, RM Ambrosiano, J Kim, JI AF Rubenstein, R. Gray, P. C. Cleland, T. J. Piltch, M. S. Hlavacek, W. S. Roberts, R. M. Ambrosiano, J. Kim, J. -I TI Dynamics of the nucleated polymerization model of prion replication SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nucleated polymerization; model system; prion replication; TSE; PrP aggregation; protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) AB The disease process for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), in one way or another, involves the conversion of a predominantly alpha-helical normal host-coded prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormally folded (predominantly beta sheet) protease resistant isoform (PrPSc). Several alternative mechanisms have been proposed for this auto-catalytic process. Here the dynamical behavior of one of these models, the nucleated polymerization model, is studied by Monte Carlo discrete-event simulation of the explicit conversion reactions. These simulations demonstrate the characteristic dynamical behavior of this model for prion replication. Using estimates for the reaction rates and concentrations, time courses are estimated for concentration of PrPSc, PrPSc aggregates, and PrPC as well as size distributions for the aggregates. The implications of these dynamics on protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New York State Inst Basic Res, Staten Isl, NY USA. RP Rubenstein, R (reprint author), SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. EM richard.rubenstein@downstate.edu; pcgray@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18754] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 125 IS 2-3 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.09.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 136JX UT WOS:000244219500016 PM 17084016 ER PT J AU Topham, CM Smith, JC AF Topham, Christopher M. Smith, Jeremy C. TI Orientation preferences of backbone secondary amide functional groups in peptide nucleic acid complexes: Quantum chemical calculations reveal an intrinsic preference of cationic D-amino acid-based chiral PNA analogues for the P-form SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; THYMINE-SUBSTITUTED POLYAMIDE; CENTER-DOT-DNA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRIPLE-HELIX; DUPLEX DNA; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING-AFFINITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB Geometric descriptions of nonideal interresidue hydrogen bonding and backbone-base water bridging in the minor groove are established in terms of polyamide backbone carbonyl group orientation from analyses of residue junction conformers in experimentally determined peptide nucleic acid (PNA) complexes. Two types of interresidue hydrogen bonding are identified in PNA conformers in heteroduplexes with nucleic acids that adopt A-like basepair stacking. Quantum chemical calculations on the binding of a water molecule to an O2 base atom in glycine-based PNA thymine dimers indicate that junctions modeled with P-form backbone conformations are lower in energy than a dimer comprising the predominant conformation observed in A-like helices. It is further shown in model systems that PNA analogs based on D-lysine are better able to preorganize in a conformation exclusive to P-form helices than is glycine-based PNA. An intrinsic preference for this conformation is also exhibited by positively charged chiral PNA dimers carrying 3-amino-D-alanine or 4-aza-D-leucine residue units that provide for additional rigidity by side-chain hydrogen bonding to the backbone carbonyl oxygen. Structural modi. cations stabilizing P-form helices may obviate the need for large heterocycles to target DNA pyrimidine bases via PNA center dot DNA-PNA triplex formation. Quantum chemical modeling methods are used to propose candidate PNA Hoogsteen strand designs. C1 CNRS, Inst Pharmacol & Biol Struct, UMR 5089, Toulouse, France. Univ Heidelberg, IWR, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Topham, CM (reprint author), Novaleads, Ctr Bioinformat Haute Garonne, CEEI Theogone, 10 Ave Europe, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. EM christopher.topham@novaleads.com RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 85 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 769 EP 786 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.079723 PG 18 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 124VB UT WOS:000243397000005 PM 17071666 ER PT J AU Varma, S Jakobsson, E AF Varma, Sameer Jakobsson, Eric TI The cPLA(2) C2 alpha domain in solution: Structure and dynamics of its Ca2+-activated and cation-free states SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); KINASE-C-ALPHA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINDING DOMAIN; LIQUID WATER; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYNAPTOTAGMIN I; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CA2+ IONS AB Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) is involved in several signal transduction pathways where it catalyses release of arachidonic acid from intracellular lipid membranes. Its membrane insertion is facilitated by its independently folding C2 alpha domain, which is activated by the binding of two intracellular Ca2+ ions. However, the details of its membrane-insertion mechanism, including its Ca2+-activation mechanism, are not understood. There are several unresolved issues, including the following. There are two experimentally resolved structures of the Ca2+-activated state of its isolated C2 alpha domain, one determined using x-ray crystallography and the other determined using NMR spectroscopy, which differ from each other significantly in the spatial region that inserts into the membrane. This by itself adds to ambiguities associated with investigations targeting its mechanism of membrane insertion. Furthermore, there is no experimentally determined structure of its cation-free state, which hinders investigations associated with its cation-activation mechanism. In this work, we generate several unrestrained molecular dynamics trajectories of its isolated C2 alpha domain in solution (equivalent to similar to 60 ns) and investigate these issues. Our main results are as follows: a), the Ca2+ coordination scheme of the domain is consistent with the x-ray structure and with previous mutagenesis studies; b), the helical segment of the Ca2+-binding loop, CBL-I, undergoes nanosecond timescale flexing (but not an unwinding), as can be inferred from physiological temperature NMR data and in contrast to low temperature x-ray data; and c), removal of the two activating Ca2+ ions from their binding pockets does not alter the backbone structure of the domain, a result consistent with electron paramagnetic resonance data. C1 Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jakobsson, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jake@ncsa.uiuc.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [2PN2EY016570-02, PN2 EY016570]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM R01-054651] NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 92 IS 3 BP 966 EP 976 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.091850 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 124VB UT WOS:000243397000023 PM 17085504 ER PT J AU Viamajala, S Smith, WA Sam, RK Apel, WA Petersen, JN Neal, AL Roberto, FF Newby, DT Peyton, BM AF Viamajala, Sridhar Smith, William A. Sam, Rajesh K. Apel, William A. Petersen, James N. Neal, Andrew L. Roberto, F. F. Newby, D. T. Peyton, Brent M. TI Isolation and characterization of Cr(VI) reducing Cellulomonas spp. from subsurface soils: Implications for long-term chromate reduction SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cr(VI) reducing bacteria; bioremediation; Cr(VI) reduction; Cellulomonas ID HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM REDUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FE(III); WATER; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; MEMBRANE AB Microbial enrichments from Cr(VI) contaminated and uncontaminated US Department of Energy Hanford Site sediments produced Cr(VI) reducing consortia when grown in the presence of Cr(VI) with acetate, D-Xylose or glycerol as a carbon and energy source. Eight of the nine isolates from the consortia were Gram positive and four of these were identified by 16S rRNA sequence homology and membrane fatty acid composition as belonging to the genus Cellulomonas. Two strains, ES6 and WS01, were further examined for their ability to reduce Cr(VI) under growth and non-growth conditions. During fermentative growth on D-Xylose, ES6 and WS01 decreased aqueous Cr(VI) concentrations from 0.04 mM Cr(VI) to below the detection limit (0.002 mM Cr(VI)) in less than three days and retained their ability to reduce Cr(VI) even after four months of incubation. Washed ES6 and WS01 cells also reduced Cr(VI) under non-growth conditions for over four months, both with and without the presence of an exogenous electron donor. K-edge XANES spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(Ill). The ability to reduce Cr(VI) after growth had stopped and in the absence of an external electron donor, suggests that stimulation of these types of organisms may lead to effective long-term, in situ passive reactive barriers for Cr(VI) removal. Our results indicate that Cr(VI) reduction by indigenous Cellulomonas spp. may be a potential method of in situ bioremediation of Cr(VI) contaminated sediment and groundwater. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeyton@coe.montana.edu RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.023 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 101AD UT WOS:000241710400020 PM 16644211 ER PT J AU Teuscher, C AF Teuscher, Christof TI From membranes to systems: Self-configuration and self-replication in membrane systems SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Information Processing in Cells and Tissues CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2005 CL St Williams Coll, York, ENGLAND SP Univ York, Dept Elect HO St Williams Coll DE membrane system; artificial chemistry; rewriting system; unconventional hardware; cell ID ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRIES AB Membrane systems are purely abstract computational models afar inspired by biological cells, their membranes, and their biochemistry. The inherently parallel nature of membrane systems makes them obviously highly inefficient to execute on a sequential von Neumann computer architecture and in addition, programming a membrane system is often a painstakingly difficult undertaking. The main goal of this paper is to provide some key elements for bringing membrane systems from the abstract model closer to a genuine, novel, and unconventional in silico computer architecture. In particular, we will address the mechanisms of self-configuration and self-replication on a macroscopic level and will discuss some general issues related to genuine hardware realizations on the microscopic level. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, CCS-1,MS-B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM christof@teuscher.ch NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-2647 EI 1872-8324 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PD FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.002 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 135BJ UT WOS:000244128500002 PM 17034934 ER PT J AU Kim, MI Kim, J Lee, J Jia, H Bin Na, H Youn, JK Kwak, JH Dohnalkova, A Grate, JW Wang, P Hyeon, T Park, HG Chang, HN AF Kim, Moon Il Kim, Jungbae Lee, Jinwoo Jia, Hongfei Bin Na, Hyon Youn, Jong Kyu Kwak, Ja Hun Dohnalkova, Alice Grate, Jay W. Wang, Ping Hyeon, Taeghwan Park, Hyun Gyu Chang, Ho Nam TI Crosslinked enzyme aggregates in hierarchically-ordered mesoporous silica: A simple and effective method for enzyme stabilization SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CLEAs (crosslinked enzyme aggregates); alpha-chymotrypsin; Mucor javanicus lipase; enzyme immobilization; HMMS (hierarchically-ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica) ID CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; IMMOBILIZATION; PROTEINS; ACYLASE; ENCAPSULATION; BIOCATALYSIS; CHYMOTRYPSIN; CRYSTALS; SUPPORT; FOAMS AB alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) and lipase (LP) were immobilized in hierarchically-ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (HMMS) in a simple but effective way for the enzyme stabilization, which was achieved by the enzyme adsorption followed by glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. This resulted in the formation of nanometer scale crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) entrapped in the mesocellular pores of HMMS (37 nm), which did not leach out of HMMS through narrow mesoporous channels (13 nm). CLEA of alpha-chymotrypsin (CLEA-CT) in HMMS showed a high enzyme loading capacity and significantly increased enzyme stability. No activity decrease of CLEA-CT was observed for 2 weeks under even rigorously shaking condition, while adsorbed CT in HMMS and free CT showed a rapid inactivation due to the enzyme leaching and presumably autolysis, respectively. With the CLEA-CT in HMMS, however, there was no tryptic digestion observed suggesting that the CLEA-CT is not susceptible to autolysis. Moreover, CLEA of lipase (CLEA-LP) in HMMS retained 30% specific activity of free lipase with greatly enhanced stability. This work demonstrates that HMMS can be efficiently employed as host materials for enzyme immobilization leading to highly enhanced stability of the immobilized enzymes with high enzyme loading and activity. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Park, HG (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM hgpark@kaist.ac.kr RI PARK, HYUN GYU/C-1597-2011; Chang, HN/B-9351-2011; Hyeon, Taeghwan/J-5315-2012; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016; Lee, Junyoung/D-5463-2012; OI Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446; Lee, Junyoung/0000-0001-6689-2759; Kim, Moon Il/0000-0003-1844-0939; Na, Hyon Bin/0000-0001-5574-9957 NR 38 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 96 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1002/bit.21107 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 125NP UT WOS:000243449100002 PM 16986168 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Vogelmann, AM Austin, RT Barnard, JC Cady-Pereira, K Chiu, JC Clough, SA Flynn, C Khaiyer, MM Liljegren, J Johnson, K Lin, B Long, C Marshak, A Matrosov, SY McFarlane, SA Miller, M Min, Q Minnis, F O'Hirok, W Wang, Z Wiscombe, W AF Turner, D. D. Vogelmann, A. M. Austin, R. T. Barnard, J. C. Cady-Pereira, K. Chiu, J. C. Clough, S. A. Flynn, C. Khaiyer, M. M. Liljegren, J. Johnson, K. Lin, B. Long, C. Marshak, A. Matrosov, S. Y. McFarlane, S. A. Miller, M. Min, Q. Minnis, F. O'Hirok, W. Wang, Z. Wiscombe, W. TI Thin liquid water clouds - Their importance and our challenge SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING LIDAR; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; RETRIEVALS; RADAR; SURFACE; MODELS AB Many of the clouds important to the Earth's energy balance, from the Tropics to the Arctic, contain small amounts of liquid water. Longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes are very sensitive to small perturbations of the cloud liquid water path (LWP), when the LWP is small (i.e., < 100 g m(-2); clouds with LWP less than this threshold will be referred to as "thin"). Thus, the radiative properties of these thin liquid water clouds must be well understood to capture them correctly in climate models. We review the importance of these thin clouds to the Earth's energy balance, and explain the difficulties in observing them. In particular, because these clouds are thin,, potentially mixed phase, and often broken (i.e., have large 3D variability), it is challenging to retrieve their microphysical properties accurately. We describe a retrieval algorithm intercomparison that was conducted to evaluate the issues involved. The intercomparison used data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and included 18 different algorithms to evaluate their retrieved LWP, optical depth, and effective radii. Surprisingly, evaluation of the simplest case, a single-layer meteorological, and transport and dispersion, modeling systems. Based on the experience gained in this project, it will be more straightforward to develop similar systems to protect other high-profile facilities against the accidental or intentional release of hazardous material into the atmosphere. (Page 167) overcast stratocumulus, revealed that huge discrepancies exist among the various techniques, even among different algorithms that are in the same general classification. This suggests that, despite considerable advances that have occurred in the field, much more work must be done, and we discuss potential avenues for future research. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. AS&M, Hampton, VA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dturner@ssec.wisc.edu RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 NR 56 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-177 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145RG UT WOS:000244881600017 ER PT J AU Comstock, JM d'Entremont, R DeSlover, D Mace, GG Matrosov, SY McFarlane, SA Minnis, P Mitchell, D Sassen, K Shupe, MD Turner, DD Wang, Z AF Comstock, Jennifer M. d'Entremont, Robert DeSlover, Daniel Mace, Gerald G. Matrosov, Sergey Y. McFarlane, Sally A. Minnis, Patrick Mitchell, David Sassen, Kenneth Shupe, Matthew D. Turner, David D. Wang, Zhien TI An intercomparison of microphysical retrieval algorithms for upper-tropospheric ice clouds SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; VISIBLE OPTICAL DEPTH; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WATER-CONTENT; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; MILLIMETER RADAR; INFRARED RADIOMETER; COMBINED LIDAR AB The large horizontal extent, with its location in the cold upper troposphere, and ice composition make cirrus clouds important modulators of the Earth's radiation budget and climate. Cirrus cloud microphysical properties are difficult to measure and model because they are inhomogeneous in nature and their ice crystal size distribution and habit are not well characterized. Accurate retrievals of cloud properties are crucial for improving the representation of cloud-scale processes in large-scale models and for accurately predicting the Earth's future climate. A number of passive and active remote sensing retrieval algorithms exist for estimating the microphysical properties of upper-tropospheric clouds. We believe significant progress has been made in the evolution of these retrieval algorithms in the last decade; however, there is room for improvement. Members of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Cloud Properties Working Group are involved in an intercomparison of optical depth (tau) and ice water path in ice clouds retrieved using ground-based instruments. The goals of this intercomparison are to evaluate the accuracy of state-of-the-art algorithms, quantify the uncertainties, and make recommendations for their improvement. Currently, there are significant discrepancies among the algorithms for ice clouds with very small optical depths (tau < 0.3) and those with 1 < tau < 5. The good news is that for thin clouds (0.3 < tau < 1), the algorithms tend to converge. In this first stage of the intercomparison, we present results from a representative case study, compare the retrieved cloud properties with aircraft and satellite measurements, and perform a radiative closure experiment to begin gauging the accuracy of these retrieval algorithms. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Comstock, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jennifer.comstock@pnl.gov RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-191 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145RG UT WOS:000244881600018 ER PT J AU Verlinde, J Harrington, JY McFarquhar, GM Yannuzzi, VT Avramov, A Greenberg, S Johnson, N Zhang, G Poellot, MR Mather, JH Turner, DD Eloranta, EW Zak, BD Prenni, AJ Daniel, JS Kok, GL Tobin, DC Holz, R Sassen, K Spangenberg, D Minnis, P Tooman, TP Ivey, MD Richardson, SJ Bahrmann, CP Shupe, M DeMott, PJ Heymsfield, AJ Schofield, R AF Verlinde, J. Harrington, J. Y. McFarquhar, G. M. Yannuzzi, V. T. Avramov, A. Greenberg, S. Johnson, N. Zhang, G. Poellot, M. R. Mather, J. H. Turner, D. D. Eloranta, E. W. Zak, B. D. Prenni, A. J. Daniel, J. S. Kok, G. L. Tobin, D. C. Holz, R. Sassen, K. Spangenberg, D. Minnis, P. Tooman, T. P. Ivey, M. D. Richardson, S. J. Bahrmann, C. P. Shupe, M. DeMott, P. J. Heymsfield, A. J. Schofield, R. TI The mixed-phase Arctic cloud experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; RADIATION PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; STRATUS CLOUDS; DOPPLER RADAR; RECENT TRENDS; ICE CRYSTALS; BEAUFORT SEA AB The Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) was conducted from 27 September through 22 October 2004 over the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ACRF) on the North Slope of Alaska. The primary objectives were to collect a dataset suitable to study interactions between microphysics, dynamics, and radiative transfer in mixed-phase Arctic clouds, and to develop/evaluate cloud property retrievals from surface- and satellite-based remote sensing instruments. Observations taken during the 1977/98 Surface Heat and Energy Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) experiment revealed that Arctic clouds frequently consist of one (or more) liquid layers precipitating ice. M-PACE sought to investigate the physical processes of these clouds by utilizing two aircraft (an in situ aircraft to characterize the microphysical properties of the clouds and a remote sensing aircraft to constraint the upwelling radiation) over the ACRF site on the North Slope of Alaska. The measurements successfully documented the microphysical structure of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, with multiple in situ profiles collected in both single- and multilayer clouds over two ground-based remote sensing sites. Liquid was found in clouds with cloud-top temperatures as cold as -30 degrees C, with the, coldest cloud-top temperature warmer than -40 degrees C sampled by the aircraft. Remote sensing instruments suggest that ice was present in low concentrations, mostly concentrated in precipitation shafts, although there are indications of light ice precipitation present below the optically thick single-layer clouds. The prevalence of liquid down to these low temperatures potentially could be explained by the relatively low measured ice nuclei concentrations. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Measurement Techol Inc, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Verlinde, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM verlinde@meteo.psu.edu RI Schofield, Robyn/A-4062-2010; Prenni, Anthony/A-6820-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Johnson, Nathaniel/L-8045-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Schofield, Robyn/0000-0002-4230-717X; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Johnson, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4906-178X; NR 49 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 88 IS 2 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-205 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145RG UT WOS:000244881600019 ER PT J AU Silver, PG Daley, TM Niu, FL Majer, EL AF Silver, Paul G. Daley, Thomas M. Niu, Fenglin Majer, Ernest L. TI Active source monitoring of cross-well seismic travel time for stress-induced changes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CORRELATION INTERPOLATION; DELAY ESTIMATION; FRACTURED ROCK; ECHO SIGNALS; WAVE SPEEDS; VELOCITY; CRACKS; SLIP; MICROEARTHQUAKES AB We have conducted a series of cross-well experiments to continuously measure in situ temporal variations in seismic velocity at two test sites: building 64 (1364) and Richmond Field Station (RFS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. A piezoelectric source was used to generate highly repeatable signals, and a string of 24 hydrophones was used to record the signals. The B64 experiment was conducted utilizing two boreholes 17 m deep and 3 m apart for similar to 160 h. At RFS, we collected a 36-day continuous record in a cross-borehole facility using two 70-m-deep holes separated by 30 m. With signal enhancement techniques we were able to achieve a precision of similar to 6.0 nsec and similar to 10 nsec in delay-time estimation from stacking of 1-hr records during the similar to 7- and similar to 35-day observation periods at the B64 and RFS sites, which correspond to 3 and 0.5 ppm of their travel times, respectively. Delay time measured at B64 has a variation of similar to 2 mu sec in the 160-hr period and shows a strong and positive correlation with the barometric pressure change at the site. At RFS, after removal of a linear trend, we find a delay-time variation of similar to 2.5 mu sec, which exhibits a significant negative correlation with barometric pressure. We attribute the observed correlations to stress sensitivity of seismic velocity known from laboratory studies. The positive and negative sign observed in the correlation is likely related to the expected near- and far-field effects of this stress ;dependence in a poroelastic medium. The stress sensitivity is estimated to be similar to 10(-6)/Pa and similar to 10(-7)/Pa at the B64 and RFS site, respectively. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Silver, PG (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM niu@rice.edu RI Niu, Fenglin/A-2548-2011; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SI S BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1785/0120060120 PN B PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136BP UT WOS:000244197900021 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Adams, HD Bailey, JD Kolb, TE AF McDowell, Nate G. Adams, Henry D. Bailey, John D. Kolb, Thomas E. TI The role of stand density on growth efficiency, leaf area index, and resin flow in southwestern ponderosa pine forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CONTORTA VAR LATIFOLIA; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; SAPWOOD AREA; NORTHERN ARIZONA; DOUGLAS-FIR; TREE VIGOR; STEMWOOD PRODUCTION; WATER RELATIONS; BEETLE ATTACK AB We examined the response of growth efficiency (GE), leaf area index (LAI), and resin flow (RF) to stand density manipulations in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) forests of northern Arizona, USA. The study used a 40 year stand density experiment including seven replicated basal area (BA) treatments ranging from 7 to 45 m(2)center dot ha(-1) Results were extended to the larger region using published and unpublished datasets on ponderosa pine RF. GE was quantified using basal area increment (BAI), stemwood production (NPPs), or volume increment (VI) per leaf area (A(1)) or sapwood area (As). GE per A(1) was positively correlated with BA, regardless of numerator (BAI/A(1), NPPs/A(1), and VI/A(1); r(2) = 0.84, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively). GE per A, exhibited variable responses to BA. Understory LAI increased with decreasing BA; however, total (understory Plus overstory) LAI was not correlated with BA, GE, or RF. Opposite of the original research on this subject, resin flow was negatively related to GE per A(1) because A(1)/A(s) ratios decline with increasing BA. BAI, and to a lesser degree BA, predicted RF better than growth efficiency, suggesting that the simplest measurement with the fewest assumptions (BAI) is also the best approach for predicting RF. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov RI Adams, Henry/A-8742-2010 OI Adams, Henry/0000-0002-6403-5304 NR 76 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1139/X06-233 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 187TK UT WOS:000247871200013 ER PT J AU Mao, JH Wu, D Perez-Losada, J Jiang, T Li, Q Neve, RM Gray, JW Cai, WW Balmain, A AF Mao, Jian-Hua Wu, Di Perez-Losada, Jesus Jiang, Tao Li, Qian Neve, Richard M. Gray, Joe W. Cai, Wei-Wen Balmain, Allan TI Crosstalk between Aurora-A and p53: Frequent deletion or downregulation of Aurora-A in tumors from p53 null mice SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA; CANCER CELL-LINES; CENTROSOME AMPLIFICATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; P53-DEFICIENT MICE; LUNG-CANCER; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; KINASE; BREAST; GEFITINIB AB The Aurora-A kinase gene is amplified in a subset of human tumors and in radiation-induced lymphomas from P53 heterozygous mice. Normal tissues from p53(-/-) mice have increased Aurora-A protein levels, but lymphomas from these mice exhibit heterozygous deletions of Aurora-A and/or reduced protein expression. A similar correlation between low p53 levels and Aurora-A gene deletions and expression is found in human breast cancer cell lines. In vitro studies using mouse embryo fibroblasts demonstrate that inhibition of Aurora-A can have either positive or negative effects on cell growth as a function of p53 status. These data have implications for the design of approaches to targeted cancer therapy involving the crosstalk between Aurora-A kinase and p53 pathways. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Canc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balmain, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Canc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM abalmain@cc.ucsf.edu RI 2007, Secribsal/A-1556-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA112970, U01 CA084244, U54 CA112970-05, U01 CA84244] NR 48 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.025 PG 13 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 139DN UT WOS:000244412600009 PM 17292827 ER PT J AU Ngo, Q Cassell, AM Radmilovic, V Li, J Krishnan, S Meyyappan, M Yang, CY AF Ngo, Quoc Cassell, Alan M. Radmilovic, Velimir Li, Jun Krishnan, S. Meyyappan, M. Yang, Cary. Y. TI Palladium catalyzed formation of carbon nanofibers by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECT APPLICATIONS; NANOTUBES; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; SEEDS AB A dc plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process is used to obtain vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from palladium catalysts using an ammonia-acetylene process gas mixture. Transmission electron microscopy is used to elucidate the microstructure of the as-grown fibers revealing different growth anomalies such as a new secondary growth phenomenon which we term hybrid tip growth. Also included in our analysis are conventional tip growth derived structures. In a few instances, the conventional tip growth derived structures possess elongated catalyst particles that impart small cone angles to the carbon nanofiber microstructure. Detailed microchemical analysis reveals that hybrid tip grown CNFs using thick Pd films are partially filled with Pd. Analysis of these growth phenomenon and implications for potential use as on-chip interconnects are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Ctr Nanostruct, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cassell, AM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, M-S 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM acassell@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Li, Jun/H-7771-2013 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-3689-8946 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 424 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.019 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 137CO UT WOS:000244270600027 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Mattigod, SV Arey, BW Wood, MI Forrester, SW AF Wellman, Dawn M. Mattigod, Shas V. Arey, Bruce W. Wood, Marcus I. Forrester, Steven W. TI Experimental limitations regarding the formation and characterization of uranium-mineral phases in concrete waste forms SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE waste management; radioactive waste; concrete; Portland cement; uranium ID METAL-HYDROXIDES; SORPTION COMPLEXES; CEMENT; U(VI); SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORT; CORROSION; SILICATE; CALCITE AB Predicting the fate of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) requires understanding radionuclide-waste form interactions. Concrete encasement is one method being considered for containment of LLW. The formation of uranium-mineral phases has been investigated in simulated concrete pore fluids and waste forms. X-Ray diffraction analyses of uranium precipitates from concrete pore fluids suggest uranium salts and -silicates are solubility-limiting phases. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopic analyses of uranium-spiked concrete suggest that under conditions both under-saturated and over-saturated with respect to the formation of uranium phases, uranyl-oxyhydroxide phases precipitate within the initial two weeks. Uranyl-silicate phases form after approximately one month and uranyl-phosphate phases provide a significant contribution to uranium retention in concrete waste forms after two months. This investigation demonstrates the importance of 1) studying the interaction of uranium in the complete matrix (i.e., concrete matrix versus pore fluids) and 2) formation of uranium-mineral phases on the retention of uranium within concrete waste forms. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Fluor Hanford, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-81, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov NR 51 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.004 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 141MS UT WOS:000244583500005 ER PT J AU Brooks, KP Hu, JL Zhu, HY Kee, RJ AF Brooks, Kriston P. Hu, Jianli Zhu, Huayang Kee, Robert J. TI Methanation of carbon dioxide by hydrogen reduction using the Sabatier process in microchannel reactors SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sabatier process; CO2 reductions Ru-TiO2 catalyst; microchannel reactor ID RUTHENIUM CATALYST; CO2 METHANATION; CHEMISTRY; MONOLITH; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB This paper describes the development of a microchannel-based Sabatier reactor for applications such as propellant production on Mars or space habitat air revitalization. Microchannel designs offer advantages for a compact reactor with excellent thermal control. This paper discusses the development of a Ru-TiO2-based catalyst using powdered form and its application and testing in a microchannel reactor. The resultant catalyst and microchannel reactor demonstrates good conversion, selectivity, and longevity in a compact device. A chemically reacting flow model is used to assist experimental interpretation and to Suggest microchannel design approaches. A kinetic rate expression for the global Sabatier reaction is developed and validated using computational models to interpret packed-bed experiments with catalysts in powder form. The resulting global reaction is then incorporated into a reactive plug-flow model that represents a microchannel reactor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhu, HY (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM hzhu@mines.edu NR 28 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.11.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 130QK UT WOS:000243813900023 ER PT J AU Soong, Y Irdi, GA McLendon, TR Hedges, SW Griffith, C Romanov, V Haljasmaa, I AF Soong, Yee Irdi, Gino A. McLendon, Thomas R. Hedges, Sheila W. Griffith, Craig Romanov, Vyacheslav Haljasmaa, Igor TI Triboelectrostatic separation of fly ash with different charging materials SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combustion; fly ash; separation techniques ID CARBON AB A combination of mechanical sieving and triboelectrostatic separation were used to separate fly ash. The results indicate that a simple separation of unburned carbon from fly ash is achievable at particle sizes of 74 and 44 microns. Subsequently, triboelectrostatic separations were conducted via a louvered plate separator. The results show that the final carbon content in the products, which can be as low as 1.5 % or as high as 60 % with different mineral components, can be further adjusted with the combination of sieving, louvered plate separator with a tribocharger made of different materials (copper and Teflon), and the location on the louvered plate where the fly ash particles were collected. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Soong, Y (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM soong@netl.doe.gov RI Romanov, Vyacheslav/C-6467-2008 OI Romanov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8850-3539 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0930-7516 J9 CHEM ENG TECHNOL JI Chem. Eng. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1002/ceat.200600289 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 137MD UT WOS:000244295800008 ER PT J AU Avashia, SB Riggins, WS Lindley, C Hoffmaster, A Drumgoole, R Nekomoto, T Jackson, PJ Hill, KK Williams, K Lehman, L Libal, MC Wilkins, PP Alexander, J Tvaryanas, A Betz, T AF Avashia, Swati B. Riggins, W. S. Lindley, Connie Hoffmaster, Alex Drumgoole, Rahsaan Nekomoto, Trudi Jackson, Paul J. Hill, Karen K. Williams, Karen Lehman, Lulu Libal, Melissa C. Wilkins, Patricia P. Alexander, James Tvaryanas, Anthony Betz, Tom TI Fatal pneumonia among metalworkers due to inhalation exposure to Bacillus cereus containing Bacillus anthracis toxin genes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Bacillus cereus pneumonia is unusual in nonimmunocompromised hosts. We describe fatal cases in 2 metalworkers and the associated investigation. Anthrax toxin genes were identified in B. cereus isolates from both patients using polymerase chain reaction. Finding anthrax toxin genes in non Bacillus anthracis isolates has, to our knowledge, only been reported once previously. C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Canyon, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Avashia, SB (reprint author), 2001st St, Austin, TX 78722 USA. EM sbavashia@sbcglobal.net NR 10 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 414 EP 416 DI 10.1086/510429 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100023 PM 17205450 ER PT J AU Amantini, G Frank, JH Smooke, MD Gomez, A AF Amantini, G. Frank, J. H. Smooke, M. D. Gomez, A. TI Computational and experimental study of steady axisymmetric non-premixed methane counterflow flames SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE counterflow; diffusion; flames; vorticity-velocity formulation ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; COMBUSTION GASES; JET; EXTINCTION; TRANSITION AB We investigated computationally and experimentally the structure of steady axisymmetric, laminar methane/enriched-air diffusion flames. Experimentally, we imaged simultaneously single-photon OH LIF and two-photon CO LIF, which also yielded the forward reaction rate (RR) of the reaction CO + OH -> CO2 + H. In addition, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity in the proximity of the fuel and oxidizer nozzles, providing detailed boundary conditions for the simulations. Computationally, we solved implicitly the steady state equations in a modified vorticity-velocity formulation on a non-staggered, non-uniform grid. We compared the results along the axis of symmetry from the two-dimensional simulations with those from the one-dimensional model, and showed consistency between them. The comparison between the experimental and computational data yielded excellent agreement for all measured quantities. The field of these two-dimensional flames can be roughly partitioned into two regions: the region between the two reactant nozzles, in which viscous and diffusive effects are confined to the mixing layer and to the nozzle walls, where separation occurs; and a radial development region, which is initially confined by recirculation zones near the burner flanges. Buoyancy is virtually irrelevant in the first region at all but the smallest, and practically irrelevant, strain rates. Buoyancy, on the other hand, does play a role in the growth of the recirculation zones, and in determining the flame location in the outermost region. C1 Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gomez, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM alessandro.gomez@yale.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 47 EP 72 DI 10.1080/13647830600792370 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 133GO UT WOS:000244001600003 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Najm, HN Lefantzi, S Ray, J Frenklach, M Valorani, M Goussis, DA AF Lee, J. C. Najm, H. N. Lefantzi, S. Ray, J. Frenklach, M. Valorani, M. Goussis, D. A. TI A CSP and tabulation-based adaptive chemistry model SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE CSP; chemical kinetics reduction; slow manifold projection method; stiff ODE integration ID CHEMICAL-KINETICS; REACTING FLOWS; STRAIN-RATE; PRISM; IMPLEMENTATION; CONSTRUCTION; COMBUSTION; REDUCTION; ALGORITHM; MANIFOLDS AB We demonstrate the feasibility of a new strategy for the construction of an adaptive chemistry model that is based on an explicit integrator stabilized by an approximation of the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP)-slow-manifold projector. We examine the effectiveness and accuracy of this technique first using a model problem with variable stiffness. We assess the effect of using an approximation of the CSP-slow-manifold by either reusing the CSP vectors calculated in previous steps or from a pre-built tabulation. We find that while accuracy is preserved, the associated CPU cost was reduced substantially by this method. We used two ignition simulations - hydrogen-air and heptane-air mixtures - to demonstrate the feasibility of using the new method to handle realistic kinetic mechanisms. We test the effect of utilizing an approximation of the CSP-slow-manifold and find that its use preserves the order of the explicit integrator, produces no degradation in accuracy, and results in a scheme that is competitive with traditional implicit integration. Further analysis on the performance data demonstrates that the tabulation of the CSP-slow-manifold provides an increasing level of efficiency as the size of the mechanism increases. From the software engineering perspective, all the machinery developed is Common Component Architecture compliant, giving the software a distinct advantage in the ease of maintainability and flexibility in its utilization. Extension of this algorithm is underway to implement an automated tabulation of the CSP-slow-manifold for a detailed chemical kinetic system either off-line, or on-line with a reactive flow simulation code. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Meccan & Aeronaut, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM leejc@utrc.utc.com OI VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 73 EP 102 DI 10.1080/13647830600763595 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 133GO UT WOS:000244001600004 ER PT J AU Hook, SE Skillman, AD Small, JA Schultz, IR AF Hook, Sharon E. Skillman, Ann D. Small, Jack A. Schultz, Irvin R. TI Temporal changes in gene expression in rainbow trout exposed to ethynyl estradiol SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA HO Univ Georgia DE ethynyl estradiol ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARRAY TECHNOLOGY; MICROARRAY DATA; FATHEAD MINNOW; FISH; 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; ECOTOXICOLOGY; VITELLOGENIN; NONYLPHENOL AB We examined changes in the genomic response during continuous exposure to the xenoestrogen ethynyl estradiol. Isogenic rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to nominal concentrations of 100 ng/L ethynyl estradiol (EE2) for a period of 3 weeks. At fixed time points within the exposure, fish were euthanized, livers harvested and RNA extracted. Fluorescently labeled cDNA were generated and hybridized against a commercially available Salmonid array (GRASP project, University of Victoria, Canada) spotted with 16,000 cDNAs. The slides were scanned to measure abundance of a given transcript in each sample relative to controls. Data were analyzed via Geriespring (Silicon Genetics) to identify a list of up and down regulated genes, and to determine gene clustering patterns that can be used as "expression signatures". Gene ontology was determined using the annotation available from the GRASP website. Our analysis indicates each exposure time period generated specific gene expression profiles. Changes in gene expression were best understood by grouping genes by their gene expression profiles rather than examining fold change at a particular time point. Many of the genes commonly used as biomarkers of exposure to xenoestrogens were not induced initially and did not have gene expression profiles typical of the majority of genes with altered expression. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Marine Res Operat, Sequim, WA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hook, SE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Marine Res Operat, Sequim, WA USA. EM Sharon.Hook@pnl.gov RI Hook, Sharon/D-9067-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 R01 ES012446-03, R01 ES012446] NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1 SI SI BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.10.011 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 146AR UT WOS:000244907400009 PM 17215170 ER PT J AU Schultz, IR Reed, S Pratt, A Skillman, AD AF Schultz, I. R. Reed, S. Pratt, A. Skillman, A. D. TI Quantitative oral dosing of water soluble and lipophilic contaminants in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA HO Univ Georgia DE toxicokinetic modeling; interspecies extrapolation; human health; halogenated acetic acids; stereospecificity ID GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE ZETA; SMALL FISH MODELS; B6C3F1 MICE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DRINKING-WATER; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; TOXICOKINETICS; METABOLISM; RAT; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Quantitative oral dosing in fish can be challenging, particularly with water soluble contaminants, which can leach into the aquarium water prior to ingestion. We applied a method of bioencapsulation using newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) nauplii to study the toxicokinetics of five chlorinated and brominated halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), which are drinking water disinfection by-products. These results are compared to those obtained in a previous study using a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-47), a highly lipophilic chemical. The HAAs and PBDE-47 were bioencapsulated using freshly hatched A. franciscana nauplii after incubation in concentrated solutions of the study chemicals for 18 h. Aliquots of the brine shrimp were quantitatively removed for chemical analysis and fed to individual fish that were able to consume 400-500 nauplii in less than 5 min. At select times after feeding, fish were euthanized and the HAA or PBDE-47 content determined. The absorption of HAAs was quantitatively similar to previous studies in rodents: rapid absorption with peak body levels occurring within 1-2 h, then rapidly declining with elimination half-life of 0.3-3 h depending on HAA. PBDE-47 was more slowly absorbed with peak levels occurring by 18 h and very slowly eliminated with an elimination half-life of 281 h. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Battelle PND MSL, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_schultz@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1 SI SI BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.09.006 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 146AR UT WOS:000244907400010 PM 17188578 ER PT J AU Tsyusko, O Yi, Y Coughlin, D Main, D Podolsky, R Hinton, TG Glenn, TC AF Tsyusko, O. Yi, Y. Coughlin, D. Main, D. Podolsky, R. Hinton, T. G. Glenn, T. C. TI Radiation-induced untargeted germline mutations in Japanese medaka SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Univ Georgia, Athens, GA HO Univ Georgia DE fitness; germline mutations; Japanese medaka; microsatellites; Oryzias latipes; radiation; spermatogonia; untargeted mutations; variation ID MOUSE MINISATELLITE LOCUS; MICROSATELLITE DNA LOCI; IONIZING-RADIATION; HERITABLE MUTATIONS; MALE-MICE; TRANSGENERATIONAL MUTATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; CELL MUTAGENESIS; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; MISMATCH REPAIR AB Radiation has been shown to increase mutation frequencies at tandem repeat loci by indirect interactions of radiation with DNA. We studied germline mutations in chronically exposed Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using microsatellite loci. After screening 26 randomly selected loci among unirradiated parents and their 200 offspring, we selected seven highly mutable loci (0.5-1.0 x 10(-2) mutants per locus per gamete) and two bonus loci for further study. To determine if radiation exposure increases mutation frequencies in these loci, medaka were chronically irradiated from subadults through maturation at relatively low dose rates of 68 mGy/d. Total doses for males and females were 10.4 and 3 Gy, respectively. The mean number of mutations for the offspring of exposed families (0.149 +/- 0.044) was significantly higher (P = 0.018) than for control families (0.080 +/- 0.028), indicating induction of germline mutations from chronic irradiation. This increase in the microsatellite mutation rate is greater than expected from direct interaction of radiation with DNA, suggesting indirect, untargeted mechanism(s) for mutations. This study identified microsatellite loci with a high mutational background in medaka, variation among loci and families as important variables, and demonstrated the usefulness of this fish model for studying radiation-induced germline mutations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Ctr Biotechnol & Genom Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Tsyusko, O (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM tsyusko@srel.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; OI Tsyusko, Olga/0000-0001-8196-1062 NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 145 IS 1 SI SI BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.010 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 146AR UT WOS:000244907400012 PM 17045552 ER PT J AU Agca, Y Bauer, BA Johnson, DK Critser, JK Riley, LK AF Agca, Yuksel Bauer, Beth A. Johnson, Dabney K. Critser, John K. Riley, Lela K. TI Detection of mouse parvovirus in Mus musculus gametes, embryos, and ovarian tissues by polymerase chain reaction assay SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; RODENT PARVOVIRUSES; VIRUS; MICE; SEMEN; PCR; TRANSPLANTATION; HIV-1; CRYOPRESERVATION AB We used primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine the presence of mouse parvovirus (MPV) in mouse sperm, oocytes, preimplantation embryos, and ovarian tissues collected from MPV-infected mice. The primary PCR assay detected MPV in 56% of the sperm samples. MPV was not eliminated by passing sperm samples through a Percoll gradient. After Percoll treatment, MPV was still present in 50% of the samples according to primary PCR assay. Oocyte samples that did not undergo extensive washing procedures had detectable MPV in 7% of the samples based on the primary PCR assay, but nested PCR assay detected higher (28%) infection rate. However, MPV was not detected in oocytes that underwent extensive washing procedures, as assessed by either primary or nested PCR assay. Although primary PCR did not detect MPV in embryos, a nested PCR assay determined that 50% of the embryos were positive for the virus. In addition, ovarian tissues were collected from 3 different mouse colonies with enzootic MPV infection. Ovarian tissue collected from 129CT, 101/R1, and Sencar mice had high incidence (38%, 63%, and 65%, respectively) of MPV infection on the basis of nested PCR amplification. These results demonstrate that mouse gametes, embryos, and ovarian tissues may be contaminated with MPV and therefore caution is necessary when infected germplasm is used for assisted reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer, establishing embryonic stem cell lines, in vitro fertilization, ovary transplantation, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Res Anim Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agca, Y (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. EM agcay@missouri.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [U42 RR14821, R24 RR15377] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 140KZ UT WOS:000244505300006 PM 17348291 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Luttrell, CR AF Hsueh, C. H. Luttrell, C. R. TI Recent advances in modeling stress distributions in multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE layered structures; modelling; strength; finite element analysis ID DENTAL CERAMICS; STRENGTH; FRACTURE AB Although biaxial flexure tests have been used extensively to measure the strength of brittle materials, the tests and analyses have been limited to materials of uniform properties. Despite the increasing applications of multilayered structures, characterization of their strengths using biaxial flexure tests has been difficult because the analytical description of the strength-fracture load relation for multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests is unavailable. The newly derived closed-form solutions for the elastic stress distributions in multilayered discs subjected to ring-on-ring tests are summarized here. These solutions are obtained by (i) finding the correlation between monolayered and multilayered discs subjected to biaxial bending moment and (ii) conversion from the existing solutions for monolayers. Using this methodology, the closed-form solutions for multilayers subjected to other biaxial flexure tests can also be obtained. Finite element results for ring-on-rings tests performed on (i) porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs and (ii) solid oxide fuel cells trilayered discs are also presented to validate the closed-form solutions. The closed-form solutions hence provide a basis for evaluating biaxial strength of multilayers using biaxial flexure tests. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 67 IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.08.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 130TD UT WOS:000243821000016 ER PT J AU Afanasev, A Chudakov, E Ilyichev, A Zykunov, V AF Afanasev, Andrei Chudakov, Eugene Ilyichev, Alexander Zykunov, Vladimir TI MERADGEN 1.0: Monte Carlo generator for the simulation of radiative events in parity conserving doubly-polarized Moller scattering SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE radiative corrections; Monte Carlo method; Moller scattering AB The Monte Carlo generator MERADGEN 1.0 for the simulation of radiative events in parity conserving doubly-polarized Moller scattering has been developed. Analytical integration wherever it is possible provides rather fast and accurate generation. Some numerical tests and histograms are presented. C1 Belarusian State Univ, Natl Sci & Educ Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Minsk 220040, Byelarus. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Gomel State Univ, Gomel 246746, Byelarus. RP Ilyichev, A (reprint author), Belarusian State Univ, Natl Sci & Educ Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Minsk 220040, Byelarus. EM ily@hep.by; zykunov@sunse.jinr.ru OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 3 BP 218 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.10.002 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 138CF UT WOS:000244339700006 ER PT J AU Michel, N AF Michel, N. TI Precise Coulomb wave functions for a wide range of complex l, eta and z SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Coulomb; complex analysis; numerical integration; resonances; Regge poles ID CONTINUED-FRACTION; ENERGIES; ORDER AB A new algorithm to calculate Coulomb wave functions with all of its arguments complex is proposed. For that purpose, standard methods such as continued fractions and power/asymptotic series are combined with direct integrations of the Schrodinger equation in order to provide very stable calculations, even for large values of vertical bar eta vertical bar or vertical bar J(l)vertical bar Moreover, a simple analytic continuation for R(z) < 0 is introduced, so that this zone of the complex z-plane does not pose any problem. This code is particularly well suited for low-energy calculations and the calculation of resonances with extremely small widths. Numerical instabilities appear, however, when both vertical bar eta vertical bar and vertical bar J(l)vertical bar are large and vertical bar R(l)vertical bar comparable or smaller than vertical bar J(l)vertical bar. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Michel, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nmichel@utk.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 176 IS 3 BP 232 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.10.004 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 138CF UT WOS:000244339700007 ER PT J AU Garimella, R Kucharik, M Shashkov, M AF Garimella, Rao Kucharik, Milan Shashkov, Mikhail TI An efficient linearity and bound preserving conservative interpolation (remapping) on polyhedral meshes SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN METHODS; COMPUTING-METHOD; REPAIR PARADIGM; FLOW SPEEDS; ARBITRARY; GRIDS; HYDROCODES; ACCURATE AB An accurate conservative interpolation (remapping) algorithm is an essential component of most Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods. In this paper, we describe an efficient linearity and bound preserving method for polyhedral meshes. The algorithm is based on reconstruction, approximate integration and conservative redistribution. We validate our method with a suite of numerical examples, analyzing the results from the viewpoint of accuracy and order of convergence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shashkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM shashkov@lanl.gov OI Garimella, Rao/0000-0002-3812-2105 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 2 BP 224 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.01.014 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 116FH UT WOS:000242787400003 ER PT J AU Stuart, BL Parham, JF AF Stuart, Bryan L. Parham, James F. TI Recent hybrid origin of three rare Chinese turtles SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE geoemydidae; hybridization; conservation; nuclear DNA ID OCADIA TESTUDINES; HAINAN ISLAND; CUORA; DNA; BATAGURINAE; PHYLOGENY AB Three rare geoemydid turtles described from Chinese trade specimens in the early 1990s, Ocadia glyphistoma, O. philippeni, and Sacalia pseudocellata, are suspected to be hybrids because they are known only from their original descriptions and because they have morphologies intermediate between other, better-known species. We cloned the alleles of a bi-parentally inherited nuclear intron from samples of these three species. The two aligned parental alleles of O. glyphistoma, O. philippeni, and S. pseudocellata have 5-11.5 times more heterozygous positions than do 13 other geoemydid species. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the two alleles from each turtle are strongly paraphyletic, but correctly match sequences of other species that were hypothesized from morphology to be their parental species. We conclude that these rare turtles represent recent hybrids rather than valid species. Specifically, "O. glyphistoma" is a hybrid of Mauremys sinensis and M.cf. annamensis, "O. philippeni" is a hybrid of M. sinensis and Cuora trifasciata, and "S. pseudocellata" is a hybrid of C. trifasciata and S. quadriocellata. Conservation resources are better directed toward finding and protecting populations of other rare Southeast Asian turtles that do represent distinct evolutionary lineages. C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stuart, BL (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM bstuart@fieldmuseum.org NR 27 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9159-0 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 121WG UT WOS:000243187100015 ER PT J AU Waters, T Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Waters, Tom Wang, Xue-Bin Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Electrospray ionization photoelectron spectroscopy: Probing the electronic structure of inorganic metal complexes in the gas-phase SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE photoelectron spectroscopy; electrospray; electronic structure; iron-sulfur; metal halide; dithiolene ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS; INTRINSIC REDOX PROPERTIES; CUBANE 4FE-4S CLUSTER; SPIN D5 COMPLEXES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; REDUCTION POTENTIALS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; TRANSFER REACTIVITY AB The coupling of electrospray to photoelectron spectroscopy has allowed a number of negatively charged solution phase transition-metal complexes to be transferred to the gas-phase and studied by photoelectron spectroscopy for the first time. Experiments have been performed on a range of species, including classic square-planar and octahedral transition-metal halide complexes, metal-metal bonded species, transition-metal bis(dithiolene) centers and a variety of mononuclear and polynuclear iron-sulfur clusters that are related to important bioinorganic centers. The studies have provided detailed information about the electronic structure and molecular orbital energy levels of these species, allowing for direct comparison with theoretical calculations, and providing insight into their intrinsic redox properties in the absence of solvation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 120 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3-4 BP 474 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.010 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 142EA UT WOS:000244630900011 ER PT J AU Butler, JM George, MW Schoonover, JR Dattelbaum, DM Meyer, TJ AF Butler, Jennifer M. George, Michael W. Schoonover, Jon R. Dattelbaum, Dand M. Meyer, Thomas J. TI Application of transient infrared and near infrared spectroscopy to transition metal complex excited states and intermediates SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE time-resolved infrared spectroscopy; TRIR; excited states; infrared; transition metal complexes ID TIME-RESOLVED IR; INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHROMOPHORE-QUENCHER COMPLEXES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CHARGE-TRANSFER ABSORPTION; TRANSFER RATE CONSTANTS; TRIS-CHELATE COMPLEXES; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; RESONANCE RAMAN; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 AB Transient infrared spectroscopy (or time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, TRIR) on the nanosecond and faster timescales has continued to evolve as a routine and, sometimes, definitive tool both for elucidation of electronic and molecular structures in metal complex excited-states. This review examines examples from the literature since 1998 and discusses experimental methods for performing transient infrared experiments and recent novel applications of TRIR to the excited states of transition metal complexes. While the interrogation of "reporter" ligands such as v(CO) and v(CN) modes in metal carbonyl and cyanide complexes and v(C=O) ligand modes, has grown extensively toward the identification of excited states and important features of their bonding, there have been many exciting extensions of the transient infrared technique in recent years. TRIR has been increasingly applied to many types of excited states, resulting in a well-established methodology for assigning excited-state identities. The usefulness of this method has been demonstrated in the unraveling of the sometimes complicated photophysical behavior associated with the complex interplay of multiple excited states, such as closely-spaced MLCT, intra-(IL) and interligand, and dd (ligand-field (LF)) excited states. In recent years, efforts to relate ground-to-excited state vibrational band shifts with other excited state properties (such as the ground-toexcited state energy gap), and medium effects have brought new insights to the understanding of electronic structure in excited states. Application of electronic structure calculations, such as density functional theory approaches, has proven to be a very powerful tool when combined with TRIR in this regard. Relatively new developments, such as non-linear 2D infrared (T2D-IR) spectroscopy, spectroscopic extension into the near infrared, and time-resolved dynamic imaging methods offer exciting possibilities for future applications, and have already presented new capabilities for providing additional insight into the excited states of transition metal complexes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Dattelbaum, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM danadat@lanl.gov NR 167 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3-4 BP 492 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.12.002 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 142EA UT WOS:000244630900012 ER PT J AU Ju, YL Dodd, J Galea, R Leltchouk, M Willis, W Jia, LX Rehak, P Tcherniatine, V AF Ju, Y. L. Dodd, J. Galea, R. Leltchouk, M. Willis, W. Jia, L. X. Rehak, P. Tcherniatine, V. TI Cryogenic design and operation of liquid helium in an electron bubble chamber towards low energy solar neutrino detectors SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE liquid helium; cryostat; instrumentation; electron bubble chamber ID GEM; PERFORMANCE; TPC AB We are developing a new cryogenic neutrino detector: electron bubble chamber, using liquid helium as the detecting medium, for the detection of low energy p-p reaction neutrinos (<420 keV), from the Sun. The program focuses in particular on the interactions of neutrinos scattering off atomic electrons in the detecting medium of liquid helium, resulting in recoil electrons which can be measured. We designed and constructed a small test chamber with 1.5 L active volume to start the detector R&D, and performed experimental proofs of the operation principle. The test chamber is a stainless steel cylinder equipped with five optical windows and ten high voltage cables. To shield the liquid helium chamber against the external heat loads, the chamber is made of double-walled jacket cooled by a pumped helium bath and is built into a LN2/LHe cryostat, equipped with 80 K and 4 K radiation shields. A needle valve for vapor helium cooling was used to provide a 1.7-4.5 K low temperature environments. The cryogenic test chamber has been successfully operated to test the performance of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMS) in He and He + H-2 at temperatures in the range of 3-293 K. This paper will give an introduction on the cryogenic solar neutrino detector using electron bubbles in liquid helium, then present the cryogenic design and operation of liquid helium in the small test chamber. The general principles of a full-scale electron bubble detector for the detection of low energy solar neutrinos are also proposed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. RP Ju, YL (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM yju@sjtu.edu.cn NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2006.08.008 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 155IN UT WOS:000245571200002 ER PT J AU Friddle, RW Sulchek, TA Albrecht, H De Nardo, SJ Noy, A AF Friddle, Raymond W. Sulchek, Todd A. Albrecht, Huguette De Nardo, Sally J. Noy, Aleksandr TI Counting and breaking individual biological bonds: Force spectroscopy of tethered ligand-receptor pairs SO CURRENT NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; ADHESION; STRENGTH; MICROSCOPY; FRAGMENTS; DIABODIES; DESIGN; LENGTH AB Force spectroscopy provides a direct approach for probing biological interactions at the single-molecule level. Tethered systems, in which flexible polymer linkers connect the interacting molecules to the surfaces of the atomic force microscope probe and sample, provide a particularly attractive platform for studying such interactions. We will review the basic physical principles of force spectroscopy measurements in these systems, and show that mechanical properties of the tether linkages allow independent determination of the bond rupture forces and the number of ruptured bonds. Forces measured in these systems obey the predictions of a Markovian model for the strength of multiple parallel bonds. Finally, we discuss the use of the dynamic force spectra of single and multiple protein-ligand bonds for determination of kinetic parameters for multivalent interactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, UC Davis Canc Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4137 J9 CURR NANOSCI JI Curr. Nanosci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.2174/157341307779940607 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 130PB UT WOS:000243810400005 ER PT J AU Thomas, PD Mi, HY Lewis, S AF Thomas, Paul D. Mi, Huaiyu Lewis, Suzanna TI Ontology annotation: mapping genomic regions to biological function SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MODEL ORGANISM DATABASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE GENOME; GENE ONTOLOGY; BIOMEDICAL LITERATURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN FAMILIES; GUIDE SNORNAS; RESOURCE; PATHWAYS; PANTHER AB With numerous whole genomes now in hand, and experimental data about genes and biological pathways on the increase, a systems approach to biological research is becoming essential. Ontologies provide a formal representation of knowledge that is amenable to computational as well as human analysis, an obvious underpinning of systems biology. Mapping function to gene products in the genome consists of two, somewhat intertwined enterprises: ontology building and ontology annotation. Ontology building is the formal representation of a domain of knowledge; ontology annotation is association of specific genomic regions (which we refer to simply as 'genes', including genes and their regulatory elements and products such as proteins and functional RNAs) to parts of the ontology. We consider two complementary representations of gene function: the Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway ontologies. GO represents function from the gene's eye view, in relation to a large and growing context of biological knowledge at all levels. Pathway ontologies represent function from the point of view of biochemical reactions and interactions, which are ordered into networks and causal cascades. The more mature GO provides an example of ontology annotation: how conclusions from the scientific literature and from evolutionary relationships are converted into formal statements about gene function. Annotations are made using a variety of different types of evidence, which can be used to estimate the relative reliability of different annotations. C1 SRI Int, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Syst Biol Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Bioinformat & Ontol Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, PD (reprint author), SRI Int, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary Syst Biol Grp, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM paul.thomas@sri.com OI Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X NR 52 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.039 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 144PE UT WOS:000244807600002 PM 17208035 ER PT J AU Dyer, RB AF Dyer, R. Brian TI Ultrafast and downhill protein folding SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID 3-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; VILLIN HEADPIECE SUBDOMAIN; B-DOMAIN; TRANSITION-STATE; SPEED LIMIT; TRP-CAGE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE-JUMP; DENATURED STATE AB Ultrafast folding proteins have served an important role in benchmarking molecular dynamics simulations and testing protein folding theories. These proteins are simple enough and fold fast enough that realistic simulations are possible, which facilitates the direct comparison of absolute folding rates and folding mechanisms with those observed experimentally. Such comparisons have achieved remarkable success, but have also revealed the shortcomings that remain in experiment, theory and simulation alike. Some ultrafast folding proteins may fold without encountering an activation barrier (downhill folding), allowing the exploration of the molecular timescale of folding and the roughness of the energy landscape. The biological significance of ultrafast folding remains uncertain, but its practical significance is crucial to progress in understanding how proteins fold. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dyer, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bdyer@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 53640] NR 62 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 13 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.01.001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 144QZ UT WOS:000244812400006 PM 17223539 ER PT J AU MacRae, IJ Doudna, JA AF MacRae, Ian J. Doudna, Jennifer A. TI Ribonuclease revisited: structural insights into ribonuclease III family enzymes SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNAS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; PAZ DOMAIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS/; MICROPROCESSOR COMPLEX; ENDORIBONUCLEASE-III; DROSHA-DGCR8 COMPLEX; PRIMARY MICRORNAS AB Ribonuclease III (RNase III) enzymes occur ubiquitously in biology and are responsible for processing RNA precursors into functional RNAs that participate in protein synthesis, RNA interference and a range of other cellular activities. Members of the RNase III enzyme family, including Escherichia coli RNase III, Rnt1, Dicer and Drosha, share the ability to recognize and cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), typically at specific positions or sequences. Recent biochemical and structural data have shed new light on how RNase III enzymes catalyze dsRNA hydrolysis and how substrate specificity is achieved. A major theme emerging from these studies is that accessory domains present in different RNase III enzymes are the key determinants of substrate selectivity, which in turn dictates the specialized biological function of each type of RNase III protein. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu NR 62 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 14 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.12.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 144QZ UT WOS:000244812400018 PM 17194582 ER PT J AU Talmage, SS Watson, AP Hauschild, V Munro, NB King, J AF Talmage, S. S. Watson, A. P. Hauschild, V. Munro, N. B. King, J. TI Chemical warfare agent degradation and decontamination SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE SARIN; CATALYZED-HYDROLYSIS; VX; DETOXIFICATION; TOXICITY AB The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWA) from structures, environmental media. and even personnel has become an area of particular interest in recent),cars due to increased homeland security concerns. In addition to terrorist attacks. scenarios such as accidental releases of CWA from U.S. stockpile sites or from historic, buried munitions are also subjects for response planning. To facilitate rapid identification of practical and effective decontamination approaches. this paper reviews pathways of CWA degradation by natural means as well as those resulting from deliberately applied Solutions and technologies: these pathways and technologies are compared and contrasted. We then review various technologies, both traditional and recent, with some emphasis on decontamination materials used for surfaces that are difficult to clean. Discussion is limited to the major threat CWA, namely sulfur mustard (HD), bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide), VX (O-ethyl S-[2-diisopropylaminoethyl] methylphosphonothioate), and the G-series nerve agents. The principal G-agents are GA (tabun, ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), GB (sarin, isopropyl methylphosplionofluoridate). and GD (soman. pinacolyl methylphosplionofluoridate). The chemical decontamination pathways of each agent are outlined, with some discussion of intermediate and Final degradation product toxicity. In all cases, and regardless of the CWA degradation pathway chosen for decontamination. it will be necessary to collect and analyze pertinent environmental samples during the treatment phase to confirm attainment of clearance levels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Talmage, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM talmagess@ornl.gov NR 64 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 55 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 11 IS 3 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.2174/138527207779940892 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 129OR UT WOS:000243739300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Holland, D Woodford, JB Zinovev, A Gee, IA Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Johnson, Jacqueline A. Holland, Diane Woodford, John B. Zinovev, Alexander Gee, Ian A. Eryilmaz, Osman L. Erdemir, Ali TI Top-surface characterization of a near frictionless carbon film SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon; surface characterization; tribology; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID SUPERLOW-FRICTION; DIAMOND; XPS; MICROSTRUCTURES AB A detailed study of the top surface (similar to 2 nm) of a near frictionless carbon film has revealed new information with respect to the sp(3) fraction. Previous work on near frictionless carbon films made at Argonne had shown a large fraction of sp(2)-hybridized carbon in the bulk of the film. However, in this study of the surface, the majority of the carbon was found to be sp(3). In addition we compared and contrasted the behavior of the films after mechanical abrasion and Ar+ etching. The study also revealed that oxygen on untreated samples was rapidly reduced by etching or heating or mechanical abrasions this finding was corroborated by an angle-resolved study, where different depths of the sample were probed. It was also found that the traction of sp(3) carbon decreased linearly with depth, falling in one film from similar to 90% sp(3) to similar to 80% sp(3) in the top 2 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Dic, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sheffield Hallam Univ, Mat & Engn Res Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Dic, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.05.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 140NP UT WOS:000244512500005 ER PT J AU Zhou, B Prorok, BC Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, O AF Zhou, B. Prorok, B. C. Erdemir, A. Eryilmaz, O. TI Fabrication issues in constructing freestanding membranes of near-frictionless carbon and diamond-like films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE near-frictionless carbon; DLC; micromachining; membrane ID SUPERLOW-FRICTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THIN-FILMS; SOURCE GAS; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; WEAR PERFORMANCE; COATINGS; PLASMAS; DEPOSITION AB The near-frictionless carbon (NFC) film developed at Argonne National Laboratory has excellent mechanical and tribological properties, such as the super low friction coefficient of 0.001 and the wear rates of 10(-11)-10(-10) mm(3)/N m. In this study, microfabrication procedures are developed to fashion the NEC thin films into freestanding structures which are necessary for many MEMS sensor devices. The entire microfabrication process is outlined in detail for use by other researchers. The NFC membranes were characterized with optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy both before and after the fabrication process to observe any structural changes. Several surface and bulk micromachining issues, such as reactive ion notching effect and NEC film releasing, were studied and mitigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prorok, BC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM prokrok@auburn.edu RI Prorok, Barton/A-7404-2010 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.06.021 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 140NP UT WOS:000244512500027 ER PT J AU Shilo, NA Lozhkin, AV Anderson, PM Brown, TA Pakhomov, AY Solomatkina, TB AF Shilo, N. A. Lozhkin, A. V. Anderson, P. M. Brown, T. A. Pakhomov, A. Yu. Solomatkina, T. B. TI Glacial refugium of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel in northeastern Siberia SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117901, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, NE Integrated Res Inst, Far E Div, Magadan 685000, Russia. Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shilo, NA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Leninskii Pr 13, Moscow 117901, Russia. EM lozhkin@neisri.ru; pata@u.washington.edu; tabrown@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 412 IS 1 BP 122 EP 124 DI 10.1134/S1028334X0701028X PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155IB UT WOS:000245570000028 ER PT J AU Freitas, W Xu, W Huang, ZY Vieira, JCM AF Freitas, Walmir Xu, Wilsun Huang, Zhenyu Vieira, Jose C. M. TI Characteristics of vector surge relays for distributed synchronous generator protection SO ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE distributed generation; islanding detection; synchronous generators; vector surge relays; vector shift relays AB This work presents a detailed investigation on the performance characteristics of vector surge relays used to detect islanding of distributed synchronous generators. A detection time versus active power imbalance curve is proposed to evaluate the relay performance. Computer simulations are used to obtain the performance curves. The concept of critical active power imbalance is introduced based on these curves. Main factors affecting the performance of the relays are analyzed. The factors investigated are voltage-dependent loads, load power factor, inertia constant of the generator, generator excitation system control mode, feeder length and R/X ratio as well as multi-distributed generators. The results are a useful guideline to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-island schemes based on vector surge relays for distributed generation applications. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Elect Energy Syst, BR-13083852 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Freitas, W (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Elect Energy Syst, BR-13083852 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM walmir@dsee.fee.unicamp.br RI Freitas, Walmir/A-2516-2008; Vieira, Jose Carlos/B-9752-2012 OI Freitas, Walmir/0000-0002-2042-6741; Vieira, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-0732-9453 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7796 J9 ELECTR POW SYST RES JI Electr. Power Syst. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.epsr.2006.02.011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 094FQ UT WOS:000241225500009 ER PT J AU Park, SH Kang, SH Johnson, CS Amine, K Thackeray, MM AF Park, S. -H. Kang, S. -H. Johnson, C. S. Amine, K. Thackeray, M. M. TI Lithium-manganese-nickel-oxide electrodes with integrated layered-spinel structures for lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium battery; electrode; lithium-manganese-nickel-oxide; structure ID SITU X-RAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; ION BATTERIES; CELLS; TRANSITION; CAPACITY; MN AB A series of lithium-manganese-nickel-oxide compositions that can be represented in three-component notation, xLi[Mn-1.5 Ni-0.5]O-4 center dot(1-x){Li2MnO3 center dot Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O-2}, in which a spinel component, Li[Mn1.5Ni0.5]O-4, and two layered components, Li2MnO3 and Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)02, are structurally integrated in a highly complex manner, have been evaluated as electrodes in lithium cells for x=1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and 0. In this series of compounds, which is defined by the Li[Mn1.5Ni0.5]O-4-{Li2MnO3 center dot Li(Mn0.5Ni(0.5))O-2} tie-line in the Li[Mn1.5Ni0.5]O-4-Li2MnO3-Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O-2 phase diagram, the Mn:Ni ratio in the spinel and the combined layered Li2MnO3Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O-2 components is always 3:1. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the end members and the electrochemical profiles of cells with these electrodes are consistent with those expected for the spinel Li[Mn1.5Ni0.5]O-4 (x=1) and for 'composite' Li2MnO3. Li(Mn0.5Ni0.5)O-2 layered electrode structures (x=0). Electrodes with intermediate values of x exhibit both spinel and layered character and yield extremely high capacities, reaching more than 250 mA h/g with good cycling stability between 2.0 V and 4.95 V vs. Li degrees at a current rate of 0.1 mA/cm(2). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kangs@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 23 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 13 U2 130 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.09.014 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 141OH UT WOS:000244587800015 ER PT J AU Gray, JJ Orme, CA AF Gray, J. J. Orme, C. A. TI Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the passive films of alloy 22 in low pH nitrate and chloride environments SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE corrosion; alloy 22; EIS; passive film; nitrates; chlorides ID STAINLESS-STEELS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; CORROSION PROPERTIES; NITRIC-ACID; NACL BRINE; BEHAVIOR; BREAKDOWN; TITANIUM; METALS AB Utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we characterize the passive film properties of alloy 22 during immersion in low pH nitrate and chloride solutions. In pure HCl, the passive film grows thinner with increasing acid concentration. In contrast, in HNO3, the passive film corrosion protection properties are enhanced, which leads to low corrosion rates, even at pH < -0.5. The combined influence of both HCl and HNO3 in contact simultaneously with the alloy 22 surface shows multiple phases in the passive film properties depending on the pH. EIS results show that the passive film changes either thickness and/or composition as the system is driven chemically through different corrosion states, including: active. passive, active/passive and transpassive. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gray, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjgray@llnl.gov; orme1@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2370 EP 2375 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.043 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 138DU UT WOS:000244344100004 ER PT J AU Secanell, M Carnes, B Suleman, A Djilali, N AF Secanell, M. Carnes, B. Suleman, A. Djilali, N. TI Numerical optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PEM fuel cell; catalyst layer; sensitivity analysis; optimization; finite elements ID CATALYST LAYER; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; TRANSPORT; GEOMETRY; MODEL AB A fuel cell gradient-based optimization framework based on adaptive mesh refinement and analytical sensitivities is presented. The proposed approach allows for efficient and reliable multivariable optimization of fuel cell designs. A two-dimensional single-phase cathode electrode model that accounts for voltage losses across the electrolyte and solid phases and water and oxygen concentrations is implemented using an adaptive finite element formulation. Using this model, a multivariable optimization problem is formulated in order to maximize the current density at a given electrode voltage with respect to electrode composition parameters, and the optimization problem is solved using a gradient-based optimization algorithm. In order to solve the optimization problem effectively using gradient-based optimization algorithms, the analytical sensitivity equations of the model with respect to the design variables are obtained. This approach reduces the necessary computational time to obtain the gradients and improves significantly their accuracy when compared to gradients obtained using numerical sensitivities. Optimization results show a substantial increase in the fuel cell performance achieved by increasing platinum loading and reaching a Nation mass fraction around 20-30 wt.% in the catalyst layer. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Victoria, Inst Integrated Energy Syst, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Victoria, Dept Mech Engn, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Djilali, N (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Inst Integrated Energy Syst, POB 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM secanell@uvic.ca; ndjilali@uvic.ca RI Djilali, Ned/B-1232-2010; OI Djilali, Ned/0000-0002-9047-0289; Suleman, Afzal/0000-0001-8936-7340 NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 52 IS 7 BP 2668 EP 2682 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.09.049 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 138DU UT WOS:000244344100042 ER PT J AU Sezgen, O Goldman, CA Krishnarao, P AF Sezgen, Osman Goldman, C. A. Krishnarao, P. TI Option value of electricity demand response SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE demand response; option valuation; dynamic pricing; load management; customer valuation methods ID MARKETS; SERVICE AB As electricity markets deregulate and energy tariffs increasingly expose customers to commodity price volatility, it is difficult for energy consumers to assess the economic value of investments in technologies that manage electricity demand in response to changing energy prices. The key uncertainties in evaluating the economics of demand-response technologies are the level and volatility of future wholesale energy prices. In this paper, we demonstrate that financial engineering methodologies originally developed for pricing equity and commodity derivatives (e.g., futures, swaps, options) can be used to estimate the value of demand-response technologies. We adapt models used to value energy options and assets to value three common demand-response strategies: load curtailment, load shifting or displacement, and short-term fuel substitution-specifically, distributed generation. These option models represent an improvement to traditional discounted cash flow methods for assessing the relative merits of demand-side technology investments in restructured electricity markets. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Citigrp Energy Inc, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Goldman, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cagoldman@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.024 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 112BX UT WOS:000242501300003 ER PT J AU Difiglio, C AF Difiglio, Carmen TI Introduction: Technology modelling of climate policies (the ACROPOLIS project) SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Difiglio, C (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM carmen.difiglio@hq.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 761 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.03.001 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135RF UT WOS:000244170000001 ER PT J AU Kydes, AS AF Kydes, Andy S. TI Impacts of a renewable portfolio generation standard on US energy markets SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE renewable portfolio standard; intermittent generation technologies; technology learning AB This paper analyzes the impacts of imposing a Federal 20 percent non-hydropower renewable generation portfolio standard (RPS) on US energy markets by 2020. The US currently has no RPS requirement although some state RPS regulations have been adopted but not uniformly enforced (see http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/rps/index.html for a recent summary on RPSs in the US). The renewable portfolio standard (RPS) requires that 20 percent of the power sold must come from qualifying renewable facilities. The analysis of the 20 percent RPS was developed by using the December 2001 version of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the assumptions and results of the Annual Energy Outlook 2002 (AEO2002) reference case. 2 A policy that requires a 20 percent non-hydro-electric RPS by 2020 appears to be effective in promoting the adoption of renewable generation technologies while also reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides by 6 percent, mercury by 4 percent and carbon dioxide by about 16.5 percent relative to the reference case in 2020. Electricity prices are expected to rise about 3 percent while the cost to the electric power industry could rise between 35 and 60 billion dollars (in year 2000 dollars in net present value terms). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Energy Informat Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Kydes, AS (reprint author), US DOE, Energy Informat Adm, Washington, DC USA. EM akydes@eia.doe.gov NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.03.002 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135RF UT WOS:000244170000006 ER PT J AU Spreng, D Marland, G Weinberg, AM AF Spreng, Daniel Marland, Gregg Weinberg, Alvin M. TI CO2 capture and storage: Another Faustian Bargain? SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Faustian Bargain; CO2 capture and storage; philosophy of science AB A quarter-century ago, one of us termed the use of nuclear energy a Faustian Bargain. In this paper, we discuss what a Faustian Bargain means, how the expression has been used in characterizing other technologies, and in what measure CO2 capture and storage is a Faustian Bargain. If we are about to enter into another Faustian Bargain, we should understand the contract. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zurich, CEPE, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spreng, D (reprint author), Univ Zurich, CEPE, Zurichbergstr 18, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. EM dspreng@ethz.ch NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 850 EP 854 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.009 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135RF UT WOS:000244170000010 ER PT J AU Lin, J AF Lin, Jiang TI Energy conservation investments: A comparison between China and the US SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE energy conservation; energy investment; China AB Growth in energy consumption in China has soared from 2001 to 2004, driven largely by a booming economy and heavy investment in infrastructure and housing. In response, China has poured billions of dollars of investment in building power plants-at a rate of one large power plant (1000 MW) per week. In fact, China in 2004 has added the entire generating capacity of California or Spain in a single year. In contrast, investment in energy conservation projects has weakened considerably in recent years. This paper examines trends in energy efficiency investments in China and the US. The comparison highlights the potential of energy conservation investments in addressing China's current energy crisis as well as the inadequacy of such investments in China. Finally, the paper outlines a few scenarios for appropriate levels of investments in energy efficiency in China in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM J_lin@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 916 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.024 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135RF UT WOS:000244170000016 ER PT J AU Williams, RC Phan, AV Tippur, HV Kaplan, T Gray, LJ AF Williams, R. C. Phan, A. -V. Tippur, H. V. Kaplan, T. Gray, L. J. TI SGBEM analysis of crack-particle(s) interactions due to elastic constants mismatch SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE quasi-static crack growth; crack-inclusion(s) interaction; symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; CRACK-PARTICLE INTERACTION; HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS; CIRCULAR INCLUSION; COMPOSITE; DENSITY; BEM AB The effects of elastic constants mismatch on the interaction between a propagating crack and single or multiple inclusions in brittle matrix materials are investigated using numerical simulations. The simulations employ a quasi-static crack-growth prediction tool based upon the symmetric-Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) for multiregions, a modified quarter-point crack-tip element, the displacement correlation technique for evaluating stress intensity factors (SIFs), and the maximum principal stress criterion for crack-growth direction. It is shown that, even with this simple method for calculating SIF, the crack-growth prediction tool is both highly accurate and computationally effective. This is evidenced by results for the case of a single inclusion in an infinite plate, where the SGBEM results for the SIFs show excellent agreement with known analytical solutions. The simulation results for crack growth and stress intensity behaviors in particulate media are very stable. The crack-tip shielding and amplification behaviors, as seen in similar studies using other numerical approaches, can be clearly observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM vphan@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 74 IS 3 BP 314 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.06.004 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 128GW UT WOS:000243647200002 ER PT J AU Vannini, C Pockl, M Petroni, G Wu, QLL Lang, E Stackebrandt, E Schrallhammer, M Richardson, PM Hahn, MW AF Vannini, Claudia Poeckl, Matthias Petroni, Giulio Wu, Qinglong L. Lang, Elke Stackebrandt, Erko Schrallhammer, Martina Richardson, Paul M. Hahn, Martin W. TI Endosymbiosis in statu nascendi: close phylogenetic relationship between obligately endosymbiotic and obligately free-living Polynucleobacter strains (Betaproteobacteria) SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; EUPLOTES-AEDICULATUS; GENE-SEQUENCES; SP-NOV; DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS; BETA-PROTEOBACTERIA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; WATER BACTERIA; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Bacterial strains affiliated to the phylogenetically shallow subcluster C (PnecC) of the Polynucleobacter cluster, which is characterized by a minimal 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of approximately 98.5%, have been reported to occur as obligate endosymbionts of ciliates (Euplotes spp.), as well as to occur as free-living cells in the pelagic zone of freshwater habitats. We investigated if these two groups of closely related bacteria represent strains fundamentally differing in lifestyle, or if they simply represent different stages of a facultative endosymbiotic lifestyle. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S ITS sequences of five endosymbiont strains from two different Euplotes species and 40 pure culture strains demonstrated host-species-specific clustering of the endosymbiont sequences within the PnecC subcluster. The sequences of the endosymbionts showed characteristics indicating an obligate endosymbiotic lifestyle. Cultivation experiments revealed fundamental differences in physiological adaptations, and determination of the genome sizes indicated a slight size reduction in endosymbiotic strains. We conclude that the two groups of PnecC bacteria represent obligately free-living and obligately endosymbiotic strains, respectively, and do not represent different stages of the same complex life cycle. These closely related strains occupy completely separated ecological niches. To our best knowledge, this is the closest phylogenetic relationship between obligate endosymbionts and obligately free-living bacteria ever revealed. C1 Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. Univ Pisa, Protistol & Zool Unit, Dept Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. DSMZ GmbH, German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Cultures, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Stuttgart, Dept Zool, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Hahn, MW (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Mondseestr 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. EM martin.hahn@oeaw.ac.at RI Petroni, Giulio/B-6086-2008; Hahn, Martin/B-9998-2008; Wu, Qinglong/B-7625-2011; OI Petroni, Giulio/0000-0001-9572-9897; Hahn, Martin/0000-0003-0501-2556; VANNINI, CLAUDIA/0000-0002-6195-695X NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01144.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 124OF UT WOS:000243376800007 PM 17222133 ER PT J AU Mcnab, WW Singleton, MJ Moran, JE Esser, BK AF McNab, Walt W., Jr. Singleton, Michael J. Moran, Jean E. Esser, Brad K. TI Assessing the impact of animal waste lagoon seepage on the geochemistry of an underling shallow aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; GROUNDWATER; CHEMISTRY; POREWATER; BALANCE; QUALITY; BENEATH; LOSSES; MANURE; EXPORT AB Evidence of seepage from animal waste holding lagoons at a dairy facility in the San Joaquin Valley of California is assessed in the context of a process geochemical model that addresses reactions associated with the formation of the lagoon water as well as reactions occurring upon the mixture of lagoon water with underlying aquifer material. Comparison of model results with observed concentrations of NH4+, K+, PO43-, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, CI-, and dissolved Ar in lagoon water samples and groundwater samples suggests three key geochemical processes: (i) off-gassing of significant quantities of CO2 and CH4 during mineralization of manure in the lagoon water, (ii) ion exchange reactions that remove K+ and NH4+ from seepage water as it migrates into the underlying anaerobic aquifer material, and (iii) mineral precipitation reactions involving phosphate and carbonate minerals in the lagoon water in response to an increase in pH as well as in the underlying aquifer from elevated Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels generated by ion exchange. Substantial off-gassing from the lagoons is further indicated by dissolved argon concentrations in lagoon water samples that are below atmospheric equilibrium. As such, Ar may serve as a unique tracer for lagoon water seepage since under-saturated Ar concentrations in groundwater are unlikely to be influenced by any processes other than mechanical mixing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mcnab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, POB 808,L-530, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mcnab1@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1021/es061490j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800023 PM 17328179 ER PT J AU Singleton, MJ Esser, BK Moran, JE Hudson, GB Mcnab, WW Harter, T AF Singleton, M. J. Esser, B. K. Moran, J. E. Hudson, G. B. McNab, W. W. Harter, T. TI Saturated zone denitrification: Potential for natural attenuation of nitrate contamination in shallow groundwater under dairy operations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GASES; EXCESS AIR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; OUTWASH AQUIFER; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; POROUS-MEDIA; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; OXYGEN AB We present results from field studies at two central California dairies that demonstrate the prevalence of saturated-zone denitrification in shallow groundwater with H-3/ He-3 apparent ages of < 35 years. Concentrated animal feeding operations are suspected to be major contributors of nitrate to groundwater, but saturated zone denitrification could mitigate their impact to groundwater quality. Denitrification is identified and quantified using N and 0 stable isotope compositions of nitrate coupled with measurements of excess N-2 and residual NO3- concentrations. Nitrate in dairy groundwater from this study has delta N-15 values (4.3-61 parts per thousand), and delta O-18 values (-4.5-24.5 parts per thousand) that plot with delta O-18/delta N-15 slopes of 0.47-0.66, consistent with denitrification. Noble gas mass spectrometry is used to quantify recharge temperature and excess air content. Dissolved N-2 is found at concentrations well above those expected for equilibrium with air or incorporation of excess air, consistent with reduction of nitrate to N-2. Fractionation factors for nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate appear to be highly variable at a dairy site where denitrification is found in a laterally extensive anoxic zone 5 m below the water table, and at a second dairy site where denitrification occurs near the water table and is strongly influenced by localized lagoon seepage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Singleton, MJ (reprint author), POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM singleton20@llnl.gov RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.1021/es061253g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800024 PM 17328180 ER PT J AU Cole, SK Cooper, WJ Fox, RV Gardinali, PR Mezyk, SP Mincher, BJ O'Shea, KE AF Cole, S. Kirkham Cooper, William J. Fox, Robert V. Gardinali, Piero R. Mezyk, Stephen P. Mincher, Bruce J. O'Shea, Kevin E. TI Free radical chemistry of disinfection byproducts. 2. Rate constants and degradation mechanisms of trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; DRINKING-WATER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXYL RADICALS; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; CENTER-DOT; CL2; PEROXYNITRITE AB Absolute rate constants for the free-radical-induced degradation of trichloronitromethane (TCNM, chloropicrin) were determined using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy. Rate constants for hydroxyl radical, (OH)-O-., and hydrated electron, e(aq)(-), reactions were (4.97 +/- 0.28) x 10(7) M-1 s(-1) and (2.13 +/- 0.03) x 10(10) M-1 s(-1), respectively. It appears that the 'OH adds to the nitro-group, while the e(aq)- reacts via dissociative electron attachment to give two carbon centered radicals. The mechanisms of these free radical reactions with TCNM were investigated, using Co-60 gamma irradiation at various absorbed doses, measuring the disappearance of TCNM and the appearance of the product nitrate and chloride ions. The rate constants and mechanistic data were combined in a kinetic computer model that was used to describe the major free radical pathways for the destruction of TCNM in solution. These data are applicable to other advanced oxidation/reduction processes. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Urban Water Res Ctr, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Radiat Phys Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cooper, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Urban Water Res Ctr, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM wcooper@uci.edu RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 74 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1021/es061410b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800039 PM 17328195 ER PT J AU McKillop, JH Martin-Comin, J Knapp, FF Britten, AJ AF McKillop, J. H. Martin-Comin, J. Knapp, F. F., Jr. Britten, A. J. TI Highlights of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece, 30 September to 4 October 2006 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Review DE nuclear medicine; diagnosis; therapy; radiochemistry; physics AB The 2006 EANM Congress, held in Athens, Greece, was once again a major event in the nuclear medicine scientific and educational calendar. The scientific programme, which included the second biennial ISRTRD meeting, confirmed the major developments taking place in (1) the diagnostic and prognostic uses of nuclear medicine imaging (both in PET and in single-photon studies), (2) radionuclide therapies, (3) radiochemistry and radiopharmacy, and (4) physics. This paper outlines the major findings in each of these areas. C1 Univ Glasgow, Sch Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Hosp Univ Bellvitge, IDIBELL, S Med Nucl, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Dept Med Phys, London, England. RP McKillop, JH (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM j.mckillop@clinmed.gla.ac.uk NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 274 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s00259-006-0327-8 PG 20 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 128BU UT WOS:000243631700016 PM 17216470 ER PT J AU Froberg, M Kleja, DB Hagedorn, F AF Froberg, M. Kleja, D. Berggren Hagedorn, F. TI The contribution of fresh litter to dissolved organic carbon leached from a coniferous forest floor SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; MATTER; SOILS; WATER; FLUXES; LEACHATES; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; TRACER AB The relative contributions of litter and humified organic matter as the source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from organic layers of forest soils are poorly understood. In the present investigation, C-13 labelled spruce litter was used to study the role of recent litter in the leaching of DOC from a coniferous forest floor in southern Sweden, while litterbags were used to quantify the total loss of C from the labelled litter. The labelled litter applied on bare lysimeters released considerable amounts of DOC during the first weeks, but the concentration of DOC originating from labelled litter decreased gradually from 176 mg litre(-1) during the first sampling period in May to 5 mg litre(-1) in the last sampling period in October. Only a moderate flush of DOC from the labelled litter occurred under the Oe and Oa horizons, with concentrations of 20 and 6 mg litre(-1) from labelled litter, equal to 19 and 9% of the total DOC flux, respectively, during the first sampling period. Total flux of DOC from labelled litter from May to September was 16 g m(-2), whereas only 2.2 and 0.9 g m(-2) were captured under the Oe and Oa horizons, respectively. The almost complete loss of new DOC implies that DOC leached from the Oe and Oa horizons consists not of recent litter-derived carbon, but of DOC produced in these two horizons themselves. Water-extractable organic carbon from labelled litter left in litterbags in the field for 4 months consisted of about one-third native carbon from external sources at the experimental site and two-thirds of the labelled litter. In contrast, the C-13 content of the bulk litter from the litterbags was not changed by the incubation in the field. We suggest that the soluble native carbon in water extracts originated from throughfall DOC that had been assimilated by microorganisms in the litterbags. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Froberg, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM froebergmj@ornl.gov RI Froberg, Mats/E-8741-2012 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00812.x PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132KE UT WOS:000243940900012 ER PT J AU Sibirtsev, A Haidenbauer, J Krewald, S Meissner, UG Thomas, AW AF Sibirtsev, A. Haidenbauer, J. Krewald, S. Meissner, U. -G. Thomas, A. W. TI K(K)over-bar photoproduction from protons SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON-NUCLEON COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; THETA(+) PRODUCTION; MESON PRODUCTION; MEV-C; K-P; EXCHANGE; SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB We study the contribution of the Drell mechanism driven by K+ and K- exchange to the reaction gamma N K (K) over barN. Our calculation implements the full KN and KN reaction amplitudes in the form of partial- wave amplitudes taken from a meson-exchange model (KN) and a partial-wave analysis ((K) over barN), respectively. Comparing our results to data of the LAMP2 Collaboration we observe that the Drell mechanism alone cannot describe the large Lambda(1520) photoproduction rate observed experimentally. We argue that the discrepancy could be due to significant contributions from K* meson exchange with subsequent excitation of the Delta(1520)-resonance. After adding such contributions to our model a good agreement of the LAMP2 experiment is achieved. When applying the same model to the recent SAPHIR data we find an excellent description of the K+ p spectrum and find indications for a hyperon resonance with M (R) = 1617MeV and Gamma(R) = 117MeV in the K- p mass distribution. C1 Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Stralen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys Theorie, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Sibirtsev, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Stralen & Kernphys Theorie, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM j.haidenbauer@fz-juelich.de RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Krewald, Siegfried/0000-0002-8596-8429 NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 31 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1140/epja/i2006-10216-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 137PY UT WOS:000244305700012 ER PT J AU Lindenbaum, SJ Longacre, S AF Lindenbaum, S. J. Longacre, S. TI Parton bubble model for two-particle angular correlations at RHIC/LHC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS AB In an earlier publication we developed a bubble model, based on our evolution of the original ideas of van Hove which we concurred with over two decades ago; namely, that if a quark-gluon plasma is produced in a high energy heavy ion collider, then some of its hadronization products could be emitted from small bubbles localized in phase space containing plasma. In this paper we refined the model to become a parton bubble model in which each localized bubble contains initially 3-4 partons which are almost entirely gluons forming a gluon hot spot. We greatly expanded the transverse momentum interval investigated and thus are able to treat recombination effects within each bubble. We again utilize two-particle correlations as a sensitive method for detecting the average bubble substructure. In this manuscript we make many predictions for angular correlations detectable at RHIC, which will be later modified to LHC conditions. A quantitative test of the multi-bubble substructure assumed in the model was made by comparing with precision STAR Collaboration correlation analyses. Good quantitative agreement was obtained. Some early available low precision correlation analyses is qualitatively explained. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Lindenbaum, SJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lindenbaum@bnl.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 767 EP 782 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0131-4 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 147DE UT WOS:000244982800014 ER PT J AU Zanotti, JM Bellissent-Funel, MC Kolesnikov, AI AF Zanotti, J. -M. Bellissent-Funel, M. C. Kolesnikov, A. I. TI Phase transitions of interfacial water at 165 and 240 K. Connections to bulk water physics and protein dynamics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Dynamics in Confinement CY MAR 23-26, 2006 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP Inst Laue Langevin & Forschungszentrum Julich, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATION; PARVALBUMIN; MOTIONS; BINDING; LIQUID AB We are considering water adsorbed as a monolayer on Vycor, a porous silica glass. The interfacial water molecules interact with the substrate through hydrogen bonding with the numerous silanol (Si-OH) groups present all over the surface. This special form of water exhibits peculiar dynamical properties. A combined calorimetric, diffraction, high resolution quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering study shows that interfacial water experiences a glass transition at 165 K and a liquid-liquid transition at 240 K from a low-density to a high density-liquid. We show that this unusual behaviour, compared to the bulk, is due to a strong weakening of the hydrogen-bond strength, possibly due to the reduced number of hydrogen-bonds engaged by water molecules when they are in an interfacial two dimensional situation. The connections of these findings to the physics of bulk water and protein dynamics are discussed. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zanotti, JM (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Zanotti, Jean-Marc/C-3188-2008; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Zanotti, Jean-Marc/0000-0001-6474-3944; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 141 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00045-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 153XS UT WOS:000245472000039 ER PT J AU Kamath, SY Arlen, MJ Hamilton, WA Dadmun, MD AF Kamath, S. Y. Arlen, M. J. Hamilton, W. A. Dadmun, M. D. TI The dynamics of copolymers in homopolymer matrices SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Dynamics in Confinement CY MAR 23-26, 2006 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP Inst Laue Langevin & Forschungszentrum Julich, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil ID ISOPRENE TETRABLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER BLENDS; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATION MODEL AB The ability of a polymer chain to relax when it is deformed, and the ease to which this relaxation occurs, dramatically influences the macroscopic properties of the polymeric material. However, the local segmental relaxation processes in multi-component polymer systems are not well understood. The impact of the dynamics of one component on the dynamics of the other is not simply proportional to the relative amounts of each component, as one might expect. This paper discusses recent results using neutron techniques and Monte Carlo simulation that monitor the dynamic properties of a copolymer in a homopolymer matrix. In particular, the results indicate that altering either copolymer sequence distribution or copolymer composition will dramatically impact the dynamics of the copolymer that is surrounded by homopolymers. These results provide important fundamental information on the coupling of the dynamics of two components in a multi-component polymer system. This data also offer insight into the local segmental relaxation processes in multi-component polymer systems, which are not well understood and yet influence the ultimate properties of these mixtures. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kamath, SY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 141 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00047-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 153XS UT WOS:000245472000041 ER PT J AU de Boer, MP AF de Boer, M. P. TI Capillary adhesion between elastically hard rough surfaces SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; roughness; capillarity; contact mechanics; elasticity; plasticity; vapor partial pressure; relative humidity ID CONTACT; FORCES; MODEL; CONDENSATION; SILICON; WATER; MICROCANTILEVERS; STICTION; PRESSURE; HUMIDITY AB The adhesion versus vapor pressure (p/p(s)) trend between two elastically hard rough surfaces is modeled and compared with experimental results. The experimental samples were hydrophilic surface-micromachined cantilevers, in which the nanometer-scale surface roughness is on the order of the Kelvin radius. The experimental results indicated that adhesion increases exponentially from p/p(s)=0.3 to 0.95, with values from 1 mJ/m(2) to 50 mJ/m(2). Using the Kelvin equation to determine the force-displacement curves, the mechanics of a wetted rough interface are treated in two ways. First, the characteristics of a surface with rigid asperities of uniform height are derived. At low p/p(s), menisci surrounding individual asperities do not interact. Beyond a transition value, [p/ps] (tr), a given meniscus grows beyond the asperity it is associated with, and liquid fills the interface. Capillary adhesion in each realm is found according to the integrated work of adhesion. Second, a more general approach allowing an arbitrary height distribution of Hertzian asperities subject to capillary forces is justified and developed. To compare with experimental results, a Gaussian height distribution is first assumed but significantly underestimates the measured adhesion. This is because equilibrium is found far into the Gaussian tail, where asperities likely do not exist. It is shown that by bounding the tail to more likely limits, the measured adhesion trend is more closely followed but is still not satisfactorily matched by the model. The uniform summit height model fits the data very well with a single free parameter. These results can be rationalized if the upper and lower surfaces are geometrically correlated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Devics & Reliabil Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Devics & Reliabil Phys Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mpdebo@sandia.gov RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s11340-006-0631-z PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 135XH UT WOS:000244186700016 ER PT J AU Grillet, AM Brooks, CF Ash, BJ Emerson, JA AF Grillet, Anne M. Brooks, Carlton F. Ash, Benjamin J. Emerson, John A. TI Fluorescence imaging of multi-component wetting SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BINARY POLYMER MIXTURES; SURFACE PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; METHYL-ETHER); POLYSTYRENE; MICROSCOPY AB Fluorescence imaging methods are explored as tools to study multi-component wetting of liquids. A novel approach was employed using polymer labeled with contrasting fluorescent dyes, which allow optical recognition and also caused differences in surface tension between blend components. Total internal reflection-fluorescence microscopy probes a thin surface layer to the order of 100 nm to investigate the structure of the spreading drop next to the substrate. Dye segregation out of solution and phase separation of polymer blends were observed. Confocal microscopy can visualize the larger three-dimensional structure of sessile drops. Component segregation was observed and quantified using relative fluorescence intensities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grillet, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amgrill@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s00348-006-0231-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 131XK UT WOS:000243905500004 ER PT J AU Ding, SJ Oian, WJ Smith, RD AF Ding, Shi-Jian Oian, Wei-Jun Smith, Richard D. TI Quantitative proteomic approaches for studying phosphotyrosine signaling SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE cell signaling; immunoprecipitation; mass spectrometry; proteomics; stable isotope labeling; tyrosine phosphorylation ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION STATE; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHOSPHOPROTEOME ANALYSIS; ACTIVATED PLATELETS; CELL-CULTURE; HUMAN GENOME; TAG APPROACH AB Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for controlling many aspects of cellular processes, as well as aspects of human health and diseases. Compared with phosphoserine and phosphothreonine, phosphotyrosine signaling is more tightly regulated, but often more challenging to characterize, due to significantly lower levels of tyrosine phosphorylation (i.e., a relative abundance of 1800:200:1 was estimated for phosphoserine/phosphothreonine/phosphotyrosine in vertebrate cells). In this review, we outline recent advances in analytical methodologies for enrichment, identification and accurate quantitation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and peptides. Advances in antibody-based technologies, capillary liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and various stable isotope labeling strategies are discussed, as well as non-mass spectrometry-based methods, such as those using protein/peptide arrays. As a result of these advances, powerful tools now have the power to crack signal transduction codes at the system level, and provide a basis for discovering novel drug targets for human diseases. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shi-jian.ding@pnl.gov; weijun.qian@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 73 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1586/14789450.4.1.13 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 139ID UT WOS:000244424600008 PM 17288512 ER PT J AU Lobell, DB AF Lobell, David B. TI The cost of uncertainty for nitrogen fertilizer management: A sensitivity analysis SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fertilizer management; nitrogen; soil variability; climate variability; uncertainty; simulation ID IRRIGATED RICE SYSTEMS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; USE EFFICIENCY; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GRAIN PRODUCTION; CROP PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE AB Uncertainties in soil nitrogen (N) supply and crop N demand present a challenge to farmers deciding on N fertilizer rates. While field studies have documented the improvements in N use efficiency possible with site-specific N management approaches that address these uncertainties, a general understanding of the importance of uncertainty across a wide range of cropping systems is yet to emerge. Here a general model of N rate decision-making is presented which computes the optimal N rate that maximizes expected profit given uncertainties in N supply and demand. The cost of uncertainty is measured as the difference in N rate when soil N supply and crop N demand are unknown versus known perfectly. Eliminating uncertainty in soil N supply (but not crop demand) would reduce average N rates by -5-15% in typical irrigated rice systems, 10-30% in wheat, and 20-40% in maize. Perfect knowledge of potential crop N demand (but not soil supply) would reduce rates by -3-10% in all systems. Simultaneous knowledge of both factors reduced N rates by significantly more than the sum of their individual effects, reflecting important interactions between supply and demand uncertainties. This indicates that the value of information for one factor is inversely related to the level of uncertainty in the other. Studies that separately consider information on soil N supply or crop N demand may therefore underestimate the total benefit of management approaches that address both these uncertainties. Site-specific N management could lead to substantial reductions of N rates without yield loss in a wide range of cropping systems, thereby improving profitability and environmental quality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lobell, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Box 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dlobell@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2-3 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.07.007 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 128IP UT WOS:000243651700009 ER PT J AU Williams, MC AF Williams, M. C. TI Solid oxide fuel cells: Fundamentals to systems SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International German Hydrogen Energy Congress CY 2006 CL Essen, GERMANY DE fuel cell; reforming; SOFC; stack AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), in partnership with private industry, educational institutions and national laboratories, is leading the development and demonstration of high efficiency solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and fuel cell-turbine (FCT) hybrid power generation systems for distributed generation (DG) markets. The DOE FE DG program has three aspects: the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA), Fuel Cell Coal Based Systems for central power, and the High Temperature Electrochemistry Center (HiTEC). NETL is partnering with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in developing new directions in research under SECA for the development and commercialization of modular, low cost, and fuel flexible SOFC systems. The SECA initiative, through advanced materials, processing, and system integration research and development (R&D), will bring SOFC system cost to $400 per kilowatt (M by 2010 for stationary and auxiliary power unit (APU) markets. The SECA program is currently structured to include six competing industry teams supported by a crosscutting core technology program (CTP). DOE is ultimately concerned with coal-based central power plants. Advanced aspects of solid oxide technology are part of HiTEC R&D. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Markcwilliams1@verizon.net NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1002/fuce.200500219 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 144KK UT WOS:000244794700011 ER PT J AU Mase, A Kogi, Y Hojo, H Yoshikawa, M Itakura, A Cho, T Tokuzawa, T Kawahata, I Nagayama, Y Oyama, N Luhmann, NC Park, HK Mazzucato, E AF Mase, A. Kogi, Y. Hojo, H. Yoshikawa, M. Itakura, A. Cho, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kawahata, K. Nagayama, Y. Oyama, N. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Park, H. K. Mazzucato, E. TI Progress in microwave diagnostics and physics issues in magnetically confined plasmas SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN ID ZONAL FLOWS; REFLECTOMETRY AB Microwave/millimeter-wave techniques such as interferometry, reflectometry, scattering, and radiometry have been powerful tools for diagnosing magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas. Important plasma parameters were measured to clarify the physics issues such as stability, wave phenomena, and fluctuation-induced transport. Recent advances in microwave and millimeter-wave technology together with computer technology have enabled the development of new generation of diagnostics for visualization of 2D and 3D structures of plasmas. Microwave/Millimeter-wave imaging is expected to be one of the most promising diagnostic methods for this purpose. We report here on the recent progress in microwave diagnostics and the results obtained in magnetically confined plasmas. C1 Kyushu Univ, Art Sci & Technol Ctr Cooperat Res, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Plasma Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka Ku, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mase, A (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Art Sci & Technol Ctr Cooperat Res, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. RI Kawahata, Ichiro/A-6443-2017 OI Kawahata, Ichiro/0000-0002-5916-7847 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2T BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 153JI UT WOS:000245428500012 ER PT J AU Post, RF AF Post, Richard F. TI The kinetic stabilizer axisymmetric tandem mirror: A review of approaches to its implementation SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement CY JUL 17-21, 2006 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN AB An axisymmetric tandem mirror system should possess many advantages over conventional tandem-mirror systems. The Kinetic Stabilizer Tandem Mirror (k-S T-M) represents one possible way to MHD-stabilize such systems. However, to design such systems requires the simultaneous satisfaction of MHD stabilization conditions and the constraints of technological feasibility and acceptable power demands This paper reviews the basic requirements for a K-S T-M and discusses various technological approaches for meeting those requirements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Post, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM post3@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2T BP 112 EP 117 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 153JI UT WOS:000245428500028 ER PT J AU Reiman, A Hirshman, S Hudson, S Monticello, D Rutherford, P Boozer, A Brooks, A Hatcher, R Ku, L Lazarus, EA Neilson, H Strickler, D White, R Zarnstorff, M AF Reiman, A. Hirshman, S. Hudson, S. Monticello, D. Rutherford, P. Boozer, A. Brooks, A. Hatcher, R. Ku, L. Lazarus, E. A. Neilson, H. Strickler, D. White, R. Zarnstorff, M. TI Equilibrium and flux surface issues in the design of NCSX SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator; MHD; equilibrium ID STELLARATOR EQUILIBRIA; MAGNETIC ISLANDS; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; TEARING MODES; FIELDS; CODE; CONFIGURATIONS; STABILITY AB Equilibrium issues encountered in the design of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) are discussed, focusing particularly on equilibrium magnetic islands. Significant improvements have been made to the VMEC equilibrium code to deal with numerical challenges at the low aspect ratios characterizing the NCSX design. Modifications to the PIES code have increased its speed, allowing routine evaluation of flux surfaces for candidate configurations. An optimizer has been built around the PIES code for healing magnetic islands, modifying the coil shapes to suppress resonant components of the magnetic field while preserving desired physics and engineering properties. The modified coils produce improved flux surface quality for a range of configurations. Neoclassical effects, which are not included in the PIES calculations, are estimated using a cylindrical model and are found to further reduce island widths significantly. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Reiman, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM reiman@pppl.gov RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 145 EP 165 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400001 ER PT J AU Mikkelsen, DR Maassberg, H Zarnstorff, MC Beidler, CD Houlberg, WA Kernbichler, W Mynick, H Spong, DA Strand, P Tribaldos, V AF Mikkelsen, D. R. Maassberg, H. Zarnstorff, M. C. Beidler, C. D. Houlberg, W. A. Kernbichler, W. Mynick, H. Spong, D. A. Strand, P. Tribaldos, V. TI Assessment of transport in NCSX SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator; transport; quasi-axisymmetric ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; INTERNATIONAL-STELLARATOR-DATABASE; CURRENT-FREE PLASMAS; BEAM-HEATED PLASMAS; TJ-II STELLARATOR; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; H-MODE; CHS HELIOTRON/TORSATRON AB We explore whether the energy confinement and planned heating in the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) are sufficient to test magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability limits, and whether the configuration is sufficiently quasi-axisymmetric to reduce the neoclassical ripple transport to low levels, thereby allowing tokamak-like transport. A zero-dimensional model with fixed profile shapes is related to global energy confinement scalings for stellarators and, tokamaks, neoclassical transport properties are assessed with the DKES, NEO, and NCLASS codes, and a power balance code is used to predict temperature profiles. Reaching the NCSX goal of = 4% at low collisionality will require HISS-95 = 3, which is higher than the best achieved in present stellarators. However, this level of confinement is actually similar to 10% lower than that predicted by the ITER-97P tokamak L-mode scaling. By operating near the stellarator density limit, the required HISS-95 is reduced by 35%. The high degree of quasi-axisymmetry of the configuration and the self-consistent "ambipolar" electric field reduce the neoclassical ripple transport to a small fraction of the neoclassical axisymmetric transport. A combination of neoclassical and anomalous transport models produces pressure profile shapes that are within the range of those used to study the MHD stability of NCSX. We find that = 4% plasmas are "neoclassically accessible" and are compatible with large levels of anomalous transport in the plasma periphery. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Mikkelsen, DR (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmikkelsen@pppl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; TRIBALDOS, VICTOR/K-4299-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; TRIBALDOS, VICTOR/0000-0002-8683-9338 NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 166 EP 180 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400002 ER PT J AU Pomphrey, N Boozer, A Brooks, A Hatcher, R Hirshman, SP Hudson, S Ku, LP Lazarus, EA Mynick, H Monticello, D Redi, M Reiman, A Zarnstorff, MC Zatz, I AF Pomphrey, N. Boozer, A. Brooks, A. Hatcher, R. Hirshman, S. P. Hudson, S. Ku, L. P. Lazarus, E. A. Mynick, H. Monticello, D. Redi, M. Reiman, A. Zarnstorff, M. C. Zatz, I. TI NCSX magnetic configuration flexibility and robustness SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator; design; flexibility ID STELLARATOR; EQUILIBRIA AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) will study the physics of low-aspect. ratio, high-beta, quasi-axisymmetric stellarators. To achieve the scientific goals of the NCSX mission, the device must be capable of supporting a wide range of variations in plasma configuration about a reference baseline equilibrium. We demonstrate the flexibility of NCSX coils to support such configuration variations and demonstrate the robustness of performance of NCSX plasmas about reference design values of the plasma current I-p, beta, and profile shapes. The robustness and flexibility calculations make use of free-boundary plasma equilibrium constructions using a combination of nonaxisymmetric modular coils and axisymmetric toroidal and poloidal field coils. The primary computational tool for the studies is STELLOPT, a free-boundary optimization code that varies coil currents to target configurations with specific physics properties. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pomphrey, N (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM pomphrey@pppl.gov RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010; Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 181 EP 202 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400003 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Spong, D Majeski, R Zarnstorff, M AF Kugel, H. W. Spong, D. Majeski, R. Zarnstorff, M. TI NCSX plasma heating methods SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator; neutral beams; radio frequency heating ID CURRENT DRIVE; STELLARATOR AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) has been designed to accommodate a variety of heating systems; including ohmic heating, neutral beam injection, and radio frequency (rf). Neutral beams will provide one of the primary heating methods for NCSX. In addition to plasma heating, neutral beams are also expected to provide a means for external control over the level of toroidal plasma rotation velocity and its profile. The experimental plan requires 3 MW of 50-keV balanced neutral beam tangential injection with pulse lengths of 500 ms for initial experiments, to be upgradeable to pulse lengths of 1.5 s. Subsequent upgrades will add 3 MW of neutral beam injection (NBI). This paper discusses the NCSX NBI. requirements and design issues and shows how these are provided by the candidate PBX-M NBI system. In addition, estimations are given for beam heating efficiencies, scaling of heating efficiency with machine size and magnetic field level, parameter studies of the optimum beam injection tangency radius and toroidal injection location, and loss patterns of beam ions on the vacuum chamber wall to assist placement of wall armor and for minimizing the generation of impurities by the energetic beam ions. Finally; subsequent upgrades could add an additional 6 MW of rf heating by mode conversion ion Bernstein wave (MCIBW) heating, and if desired as possible future upgrades, the design also will accommodate high-harmonic fast-wave and electron cyclotron heating. The initial MCIBW heating technique and the design of the rf system lend themselves to current drive, so if current drive became desirable for any reason, only minor modifications to the heating system described here would be needed. The rf system will also be capable of localized ion heating (bulk or tail), and possibly IBW-generated sheared flows. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 203 EP 217 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400004 ER PT J AU Fu, GY Isaev, M Ku, LP Mikhailov, M Redi, MH Sanchez, R Subbotin, A Cooper, WA Hirshman, SP Monticello, DA Reiman, A Zarnstorff, M AF Fu, G. Y. Isaev, M. Ku, L. P. Mikhailov, M. Redi, M. H. Sanchez, R. Subbotin, A. Cooper, W. A. Hirshman, S. P. Monticello, D. A. Reiman, A. Zarnstorff, M. TI Ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability of the NCSX SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability; stellarators; quasi-axisymmetric stellarators ID MHD INSTABILITIES; STELLARATORS; TOKAMAK; PHYSICS; EQUILIBRIA; MODES AB The ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is extensively analyzed using the most advanced three-dimensional MHD codes. It is shown that the NCSX is stable to finite-n MHD modes, including the vertical mode, external kink modes and ballooning modes. However, high-n external kink modes that peak near the plasma edge are found to be weakly unstable. A global calculation shows that finite-n ballooning modes are significantly more stable than the local infinite-n modes. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. EURATOM, EPFL, CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fu, GY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM fu@pppl.gov RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; Isaev, Maxim/A-7910-2012 OI Isaev, Maxim/0000-0002-8492-0650 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 218 EP 231 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400005 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, ED Zarnstorff, MC Lazarus, EA AF Fredrickson, E. D. Zarnstorff, M. C. Lazarus, E. A. TI Tearing mode stability of model plasmas in NCSX SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NCSX; neoclassical tearing modes; stellarators ID NONLINEAR GROWTH; STELLARATOR; SIMULATION; COMPUTATION; ISLANDS AB Predictive simulations of target plasmas for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) were performed as part of the design effort. The resistive stability of these simulated target plasmas was studied using a quasi-cylindrical Delta' stability code, as has been done with some success for W7-AS plasmas. The plasmas were found to be classically unstable to an m = 2, n = 1 tearing mode during the start-up, but the 2/1 saturated island size in the target equilibrium was small, < 2%. Inclusion of neoclassical effects resulted in negligible island sizes throughout. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM efredrickson@pppl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400006 ER PT J AU Mioduszewski, PK Owen, LW Spong, DA Fenstermacher, ME Koniges, AE Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV AF Mioduszewski, P. K. Owen, L. W. Spong, D. A. Fenstermacher, M. E. Koniges, A. E. Rognlien, T. D. Umansky, M. V. TI Power and particle handling and wall conditioning in NCSX SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarators; power handling; particle control ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIII-D; EDGE PLASMAS; FLUID CODE; DIVERTOR; LITHIUM; BORONIZATION; EQUILIBRIA; TRANSPORT; SOL AB Plasma boundary control in stellarators has been shown to be very effective in improving plasma performance and, accordingly, is an important element from the very beginning of the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) design. Studies of the magnetic field topology outside the last closed magnetic surface (LCMS) indicate the possibility of many toroidal revolutions of field lines launched within a couple of centimeters of the LCMS. Field line connection lengths, typically in the order of 100 m, should be sufficient to allow for the necessary separation of divertor and separatrix temperatures. In the top and bottom of the bean-shaped cross section (toroidal angle phi = 0), afield expansion of > 5 is observed, which will help to spread out the heat flux on limiters and divertor plates. Plasma facing components (PFCs) will be developed systematically according to our respective understanding of the NCSX boundary; the phased PFC development will start out with a set of limiters and has the eventual goal to develop a divertor with all the benefits of impurity and neutrals control. Neutrals calculations have been started to investigate the effect of neutrals penetration at various plasma cross sections, especially at the location of phi = 0 deg. Advanced wall conditioning techniques, as employed in other major fusion devices, will be incorporated in the NCSX operation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mioduszewski, PK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 4008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM owenlw@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 238 EP 260 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 139HH UT WOS:000244422400007 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA Loots, GG Nobrega, MA Ovcharenko, I AF Pennacchio, Len A. Loots, Gabriela G. Nobrega, Marcelo A. Ovcharenko, Ivan TI Predicting tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; TROPONIN-C GENE; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; NONCODING SEQUENCES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EXPRESSION; MULTIPLE; PROMOTER; BROWSER AB Determining how transcriptional regulatory signals are encoded in vertebrate genomes is essential for understanding the origins of multicellular complexity; yet the genetic code of vertebrate gene regulation remains poorly understood. In an attempt to elucidate this code, we synergistically combined genome-wide gene-expression profiling, vertebrate genome comparisons, and transcription factor binding-site analysis to define sequence signatures characteristic of candidate tissue-specific enhancers in the human genome. We applied this strategy to microarray-based gene expression profiles from 79 human tissues and identified 7187 candidate enhancers that defined their flanking gene expression, the majority of which were located outside of known promoters. We cross-validated this method for its ability to de novo predict tissue-specific gene expression and confirmed its reliability in 57 of the 79 available human tissues, with an average precision in enhancer recognition ranging from 32% to 63% and a sensitivity of 47%. We used the sequence signatures identified by this approach to successfully assign tissue-specific predictions to similar to 328,000 human-mouse conserved noncoding elements in the human genome. By overlapping these genome-wide predictions with a data set of enhancers validated in vivo, in transgenic mice, we were able to confirm our results with a 28% sensitivity and 50% precision. These results indicate the power of combining complementary genomic data sets as an initial computational foray into a global view of tissue-specific gene regulation in vertebrates. C1 Joint Genome Inst, US Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Biosci & Biotechnol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ovcharenko, I (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, US Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM ovcharenko1@llnl.gov FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG003988, R01 HG003963, R01 HG003963-01A2, R01 HG003988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066681, HL066681] NR 50 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1101/gr.5972507 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132KR UT WOS:000243942200009 PM 17210927 ER PT J AU Kim, JD Hinz, AK Choo, JH Stubbs, L Kim, J AF Kim, Jeong Do Hinz, Angela K. Choo, Jung Ha Stubbs, Lisa Kim, Joomyeong TI YY1 as a controlling factor for the Peg3 and Gnas imprinted domains SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE genomic imprinting; ICRs; YY1 ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR YY1; GENE-EXPRESSION; METHYLATION; MECHANISMS; CTCF; PROTEIN; LOCUS; YIN-YANG-1; MAMMALS; ENZYMES AB Imprinting'control regions (ICRs) often harbor tandem arrays of transcription factor binding sites, as demonstrated by the identification of multiple YY1 binding sites within the ICRs of Peg3, Nespas, and Xist/Tsix domains. In the current study, we have sought to characterize possible roles for YY1 in transcriptional control and epigenetic modification of these imprinted domains. RNA interference-based knockdown experiments in Neuro2A cells resulted in overall transcriptional up-regulation of most of the imprinted genes within the Peg3 domain and also, concomitantly, caused significant loss in the DNA methylation of the Peg3 differentially methylated region. A similar overall and coordinated expression change was also observed for the imprinted genes of the Gnas domain: up-regulation of Nespas and down-regulation of Nesp and GnasV1. YY1 knockdown also resulted in changes in the expression levels of Xist and Snrpn. These results support the idea that YY1 plays a major role, as a trans factor, in the control of these imprinted dornains. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Biomol Multi Scale Syst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Biomol Multi Scale Syst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jkim@lsu.edu OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066225] NR 26 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2 BP 262 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.09.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127RP UT WOS:000243604300010 PM 17067777 ER PT J AU Osoegawa, K Vessere, GM Shu, CL Hoskins, RA Abad, JP de Pablos, B Villasante, A de Jong, PJ AF Osoegawa, Kazutoyo Vessere, Gery M. Shu, Chung Li Hoskins, Roger A. Abad, Jose P. de Pablos, Beatriz Villasante, Alfredo de Jong, Pieter J. TI BAC clones generated from sheared DNA SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome; BAC; sheared DNA; cloning; vector; adaptor; telomere; ceutromere; heterochromatin ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARIES; 1.688 SATELLITE DNA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENOME SEQUENCE; PHYSICAL MAP; Y-CHROMOSOME; RAT GENOME; HET-A; TELOMERES; REGIONS AB BAC libraries generated from restriction -digested genomic DNA display representational bias and lack some sequences. To facilitate completion of genome projects, procedures have been developed to create BACs from DNA physically sheared to create fragments extending up to 200 kb. The DNA fragments were repaired to create blunt ends and ligated to a new BAC vector. This approach has been tested by generating BAC libraries from Drosophila DNAwith insert lengths between 50 and 150 kb. The libraries lack chimeric clone problems as detennined by mapping paired BAC-end sequences to the assembled fly genome sequence. The utility of "sheared" libraries was demonstrated by closure of a previous clone gap and by isolation of clones from telomeric regions, which were notably absent from previous Drosophila BAC libraries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UAM, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Osoegawa, K (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr, 747 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM kosoegawa@chori.org FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00750, P50 HG000750-07] NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.10.002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 127RP UT WOS:000243604300013 PM 17098394 ER PT J AU Wigginton, NS Rosso, KM Lower, BH Shi, L Hochella, MF AF Wigginton, Nicholas S. Rosso, Kevin M. Lower, Brian H. Shi, Liang Hochella, Michael F., Jr. TI Electron tunneling properties of outer-membrane decaheme cytochromes from Shewanella oneidensis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; HEMATITE SURFACES; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR MONOLAYERS; PLASTOCYANIN MUTANTS; AU(111) ELECTRODES AB We have characterized the outer-membrane decaheme cytochromes OmcA and MtrC from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 at the single-molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunneling spectroscopy (TS). These cytochrome proteins are of great interest because they are thought to mediate bacterial electron transfer reactions in anoxic waters that control the reductive dissolution of oxide minerals. In our study, to characterize the electron transfer properties of these proteins on a model surface, the purified cytochromes were chemically immobilized as molecular monolayers on Au(111) substrates via a recombinant tetra-cysteine sequence as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy images confirm the monolayer films were similar to 5-8 nm thick which is consistent with the apparent lateral dimensions of individual cytochrome molecules obtained with STM. Current-voltage TS of single cytochrome molecules revealed that OmcA and MtrC have different abilities to mediate tunneling current despite having otherwise very similar molecular and biochemical properties. These observations suggest that, based on their electron tunneling properties, the two cytochromes could have specific roles during bacterial metal reduction. Additionally, this study establishes single-molecule STM/TS as an effective means for revealing insights into biogeochemical redox processes in the environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Ctr NanoBio Earth, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wigginton, NS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Ctr NanoBio Earth, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wigginto@vt.edu RI Wigginton, Nicholas/F-1747-2011 OI Wigginton, Nicholas/0000-0001-9161-6131 NR 85 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.002 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 132LQ UT WOS:000243944700002 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Little, BJ Jones-Meehan, J Blom, DA Allard, LF AF Daulton, Tyrone L. Little, Brenda J. Jones-Meehan, Joanne Blom, Douglas A. Allard, Lawrence F. TI Microbial reduction of chromium from the hexavalent to divalent state SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SOLE ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; TRIVALENT CHROMIUM; CHROMATE REDUCTION; BACTERIAL-CELLS; TOXIC METALS; CR(VI); MANGANESE; MEMBRANE AB We demonstrate that Sheivanella oneidensis, a metal-reducing bacteria species with cytoplasmic-membrane-bound reductases and remarkably diverse respiratory capabilities, reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(II) in anaerobic cultures where chromate was the sole terminal electron acceptor. Individual cell microanalysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) demonstrates Cr(II) concentrated near the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting the terminal reduction pathway is intracellularly localized. Further, estimated cellular Cr(II) concentrations are relatively high at upwards of 0.03-0.09 g Cr/g bacterium. Accumulation of Cr(II) is observed in S. oneidensis cells prior to the formation of submicron-sized precipitates of insoluble Cr(III) on their surfaces. Furthermore, under anaerobic conditions, Cr(III) precipitates that encrust cells are shown to contain Cr(II) that is likely bound in the net negatively charged extracellular biopolymers which can permeate the surfaces of the precipitates. In otherwise nearly identical incubations, Cr(III) precipitate formation was observed in cultures maintained anaerobic with bubbled nitrogen but not in three replicate cultures in an anaerobic chamber. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM tdaulton@physics.wustl.edu NR 62 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 556 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 132LQ UT WOS:000243944700003 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Zhang, Z Park, C Sturchio, NC Hu, XM Higgins, SR AF Fenter, P. Zhang, Z. Park, C. Sturchio, N. C. Hu, X. M. Higgins, S. R. TI Structure and reactivity of the dolomite (104)-water interface: New insights into the dolomite problem SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; CALCITE 10(1)OVER-BAR4 SURFACES; OBSERVED IN-SITU; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER INTERFACE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING AB The structure and reactivity of the dolomite (104)-water interface was probed in situ with high resolution X-ray reflectivity and surface force microscopy at room temperature. Measurements in stoichiometric solutions alternating between saturated and supersaturated (log IAP/K = 2.3) conditions show that the dolomite surface termination readily changes in response to solution composition, but these changes are self-limiting and partially irreversible. The freshly cleaved dolomite (104) surface in contact with the saturated solution has a stoichiometric termination, a distinct surface hydration layer and small surface structural displacements, similar to those observed previously at the calcite-water interface. After reaction with supersaturated solutions dolomite is terminated by a two-layer thick Ca-rich film with substantial structural displacements of the cations. With subsequent exposure to a saturated solution this surface was transformed to an interfacial structure different from the freshly cleaved surface, having a reduced density of the outermost surface layer and a Ca-rich second layer. These results provide new insight into the lack of dolomite growth in modern carbonate environments (i.e., the "dolomite problem"), suggesting that this behavior is associated with a combination of thermodynamic and kinetic factors, including (1) growth of compositionally modified epitaxial CaxMg2-X(CO3)(2) layers having thicknesses limited by lattice strain, (2) slow incorporation of Mg during layer growth, and (3) partial irreversibility of surface reactions. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,CHM-200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 566 EP 579 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.10.006 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 132LQ UT WOS:000243944700004 ER PT J AU Reneau, SL Katzman, D Kuyumjian, GA Lavine, A Malmon, DV AF Reneau, Steven L. Katzman, Danny Kuyumjian, Gregory A. Lavine, Alexis Malmon, Daniel V. TI Sediment delivery after a wildfire SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment load; sedimentation rates; erosion rates; fires; cesium; New Mexico ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; DEBRIS-FLOW; FIRE AB We use a record of sedimentation in a small reservoir within the Cerro Grande burn area, New Mexico, to document postfire delivery of ash, other fine-grained sediment carried in suspension within floods, and coarse-grained sediment transported as bedload over a five-year period. Ash content of sediment layers is estimated using fallout Cs-137 as a tracer, and ash concentrations are shown to rapidly decrease through a series of moderate-intensity convective storms in the first rainy season after the fire. Over 90% of the ash was delivered to the reservoir in the first year, and ash concentrations in suspended sediment were negligible after the second year. Delivery of the remainder of the fine sediment also declined rapidly after the first year despite the occurrence of higher-intensity storms in the second year. Fine sediment loads after five years remained significantly above prefire averages. Deposition of coarse-grained sediment was irregular in time and was associated with transport by snowmelt runoff of sediment stored along the upstream channel during short-duration summer floods. Coarse sediment delivery in the first four years was strongly correlated with snowmelt volume, suggesting a transport-limited system with abundant available sediment. Transport rates of coarse sediment declined in the fifth year, consistent with a transition to a more stable channel as the accessible sediment supply was depleted and the channel bed coarsened. Maximum impacts from ash and other fine-grained sediment therefore occurred soon after the fire, whereas the downstream impacts from coarse-grained sediment were attenuated by the more gradual process of bedload sediment transport. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Water Stewardship Program, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Earth Surface Proc Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reneau, SL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Spatial Anal Grp, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 19 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1130/G23288A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 132NC UT WOS:000243948500015 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW AF Vasco, D. W. TI Invariance, groups, and non-uniqueness: the discrete case SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE inverse theory; non-linear inversion; traveltime tomography ID GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS; GROSS EARTH DATA; INACCURATE; INFERENCE; UNIQUENESS; RESERVOIR AB Lie group methods provide a valuable tool for examining invariance and non-uniqueness associated with geophysical inverse problems. The techniques are particularly well suited for the study of non-linear inverse problems. Using the infinitesimal generators of the group it is possible to move within the null space in an iterative fashion. The key computational step in determining the symmetry groups associated with an inverse problem is the singular value decomposition of a sparse matrix. I apply the methodology to the eikonal equation and examine the possible solutions associated with a crosswell tomographic experiment. Results from a synthetic test indicate that it is possible to vary the velocity model significantly and still fit the reference arrival times. The approach is also applied to data from crosswell surveys conducted before and after a CO2 injection at the Lost Hills field in California. The results highlight the fact that a fault cross-cutting the region between the wells may act as a conduit for the flow of water and CO2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 473 EP 490 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03161.x PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129UB UT WOS:000243754500002 ER PT J AU Hutchings, L Ioannidou, E Foxall, W Voulgaris, N Savy, J Kalogeras, I Scognamiglio, L Stavrakakis, G AF Hutchings, Lawrence Ioannidou, Eleni Foxall, William Voulgaris, Nicholas Savy, Jean Kalogeras, Ioannis Scognamiglio, Laura Stavrakakis, George TI A physically based strong ground-motion prediction methodology; application to PSHA and the 1999 M-w=6.0 Athens earthquake SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE computational PSHA; empirical Green's functions; quasi-dynamic; source models; strong ground-motion prediction; 1999 Athens earthquake ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; SAN-FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE; TIME HISTORIES; MODELS; SIMULATION; FIELD; ACCELERATION; CALIFORNIA; SPECTRA; FAULT AB We present a physically based methodology to predict the range of ground-motion hazard for earthquakes along specific faults or within specific source volumes, and we demonstrate how to incorporate this methodology into probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA). By 'physically based,' we refer to ground-motion syntheses derived from physics and an understanding of the earthquake process. This approach replaces the aleatory uncertainty that current PSHA studies estimate by regression of empirical parameters with epistemic uncertainty that is expressed by the variability in the physical parameters of the earthquake rupture. Epistemic uncertainty can be reduced by further research. We modelled wave propagation with empirical Green's functions. We applied our methodology to the 1999 September 7 M-w = 6.0 Athens earthquake for frequencies between 1 and 20 Hz. We developed constraints on rupture parameters based on prior knowledge of the earthquake rupture process and on sources within the region, and computed a sufficient number of scenario earthquakes to span the full variability of ground motion possible for a magnitude Mw = 6.0 earthquake with our approach. We found that: (1) our distribution of synthesized ground motions spans what actually occurred and that the distribution is realistically narrow; (2) one of our source models generates records that match observed time histories well; (3) certain combinations of rupture parameters produced 'extreme,' but not unrealistic ground motions at some stations; (4) the best-fitting rupture models occur in the vicinity of 38.05 degrees N, 23.60 degrees W with a centre of rupture near a 12-km depth and have nearly unilateral rupture toward the areas of high damage, which is consistent with independent investigations. We synthesized ground motion in the areas of high damage where strong motion records were not recorded from this earthquake. We also developed a demonstration PSHA for a single magnitude earthquake and for a single source region near Athens. We assumed an average return period of 1000 yr for this magnitude earthquake and synthesized 500 earthquakes distributed throughout the source zone, thereby having simulated a sample catalogue of ground motion for a period of 500 000 yr. We then used the synthesized ground motions rather than traditional attenuation relations for the PSHA. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hazards Mitigat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Geophys Geotherm, GR-15783 Athens, Greece. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Geodynam, Athens, Greece. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Rome, Italy. RP Hutchings, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hazards Mitigat Ctr, POB 808,L-201, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hutchings2@llnl.gov RI KALOGERAS, IOANNIS/F-3919-2012; Scognamiglio, Laura/F-4656-2014 OI Scognamiglio, Laura/0000-0002-5437-5276 NR 81 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 168 IS 2 BP 659 EP 680 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03178.x PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 129UB UT WOS:000243754500016 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE Tosha, T Aoyagi, R Yamamoto, K Benson, SM AF Lewicki, J. L. Hilley, G. E. Tosha, T. Aoyagi, R. Yamamoto, K. Benson, S. M. TI Dynamic coupling of volcanic CO2 flow and wind at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMATIC CO2; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MASAYA VOLCANO; SOIL; EMISSIONS; NICARAGUA; RESERVOIR; UNREST AB We investigate spatio-temporal relationships between soil CO2 flux (F-CO2), meteorological variables, and topography over a ten-day period (09/12/2006 to 09/21/ 2006) at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, CA. Total CO2 discharge varied from 16 to 52 t d(-1), suggesting a decline in CO2 emissions over decadal timescales. We observed systematic changes in F-CO2 in space and time in association with a weather front with relatively high wind speeds from the west and low atmospheric pressures. The largest F-CO2 changes were observed in relatively high elevation areas. The variations in F-CO2 may be due to dynamic coupling of wind-driven airflow through the subsurface and flow of source CO2 at depth. Our results highlight the influence of weather fronts on volcanic gas flow in the near-surface environment and how this influence can vary spatially within a study area. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Georesources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Mizuho Informat & Res Inst, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1010054, Japan. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jllewicki@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 AR L03401 DI 10.1029/2006GL028848 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133VC UT WOS:000244041000004 ER PT J AU Spanswick, E Donovan, E Friedel, R Korth, A AF Spanswick, E. Donovan, E. Friedel, R. Korth, A. TI Ground based identification of dispersionless electron injections SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using data from an array of ground-based single beam riometers and the CRRES Medium Energy B (MEB) particle detector we examine the signature of dispersionless electron injections. We find that it is possible to distinguish a dispersionless electron injection by it's integrated (> 30 keV) flux signature at in situ satellites with a simple rise time criteria. If the total electron flux > 30 keV exhibits a dramatic rise within 3 minutes then the signature is guaranteed to correspond to a dispersionless injection. Since the Kennel-Petschek limit for strong pitch angle scattering is almost certainly met during substorm injections and riometers respond to the > 30 keV energy range, this translates to an equivalent criteria for riometer absorption. We present results obtained using our selection criteria for the ground-based identification of dispersionless electron injections including MLT dependence and initial spatial extent of the electron injection region. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Spanswick, E (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM emma@phys.ucalgary.ca; eric@phys.ucalgary.ca RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 AR L03101 DI 10.1029/2006GL028329 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 133VC UT WOS:000244041000002 ER PT J AU Lippmann, MJ Dickson, MHM AF Lippmann, Marcelo J. Dickson, Mary Helen (Marnell) TI Untitled SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Lippmann, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjlippmann@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2006.12.002 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 155EZ UT WOS:000245562000001 ER PT J AU Fluegel, A AF Fluegel, Alexander TI Glass viscosity calculation based on a global statistical modelling approach SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass CY JUN 12-14, 2006 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID LIME-SILICA GLASS; POTASSIUM GALLIOSILICATE GLASSES; MIXED ALKALI GLASSES; FORMING MELTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CONTAINER GLASS; METASTABLE IMMISCIBILITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ISOCHOMAL WORKABILITY AB A viscosity model for predicting the complete viscosity curve of glass was developed using a global statistical approach and more than 2200 composition-viscosity data for silicate glasses collected from over 50 years of scientific literature, including soda-lime-silica container and float glasses, TV panel glasses, borosilicate fibre wool and E type glasses, low expansion borosilicate glasses, glasses for nuclear waste vitrification, lead crystal glasses, binary alkali silicates, and various other compositions. It is shown that, within a measurement series from a specific laboratory, the reported viscosity values are commonly overestimated at higher temperatures due to evaporation losses during the measurement and glass preparation; this includes data presented by Lakatos et al (1972) and the recent 'High temperature glass melt property database for process modelling' by published by Seward et al (2005). Similarly, in the glass transition range many experimental data reported for borosilicate glasses are too high due to phase separation effects. The global model developed here corrects those errors. ne model standard error was 9-17 degrees C, with R-2=0. 985-0-989. The prediction confidence interval in mass production largely depends on the glass composition of interest, the composition uncertainty, and the viscosity level. The mixed alkali effect for the viscosity is derived from nonlinear alkali-silica interactions in binary systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fluegel, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fluegel@gmx.com NR 183 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0017-1050 J9 GLASS TECHNOL-PART A JI Glass Technol.-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 13 EP 30 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 165HS UT WOS:000246295600003 ER PT J AU Culp, T AF Culp, Todd TI A prediction of accelerator-produced activation products SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; operational safety; radiation protection; accelerators AB Tire operational radiation protection issues associated with the Z-Machine accelerator located at Sandia National Laboratories are large: a variety of materials can be placed into tire machine; these materials can be subjected to a variety of nuclear reactions, producing a variety of activation products. Without Pill understanding of the most likely contaminants, a realistic identification of the radiological hazards and appropriate controls is not possible. This paper presents a process developed to provide a realistic prediction of tire accelerator-produced radionuclides of interest. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Culp, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM taculp@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 92 IS 2 SU S BP S57 EP S65 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000253937.78314.e6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JV UT WOS:000243510100010 PM 17228190 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JL O'Neal, DL Hogan, RE AF Lloyd, Jimmy L. O'Neal, Dennis L. Hogan, Roy E. TI Numerical simulation simplifications for coupled natural convection and radiation in small enclosures with a cylindrical obstruction SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RADIATION; SQUARE AB A finite control volume numerical model was used to estimate the relative magnitude of natural convection and radiation in small enclosures with a cylindrical obstruction. The enclosure had a height of 2.54 cm, widths between 5.08 cm and 10.16 cm, depth of 5.08 cm, and obstruction diameters between 0.51 cm and 1.52 cm. Temperatures ranging from 310 K to 1275 K were placed on the right boundary. These temperatures represented heating from a pool fuel fire. Simulations were run for an hour to determine the temperature response inside the enclosure and obstruction. Another simulation was run where the right boundary temperature was stepped by 40 K/min to represent a transient temperature ramp up from a fire. When two conditions are met, natural convection can be ignored, and only enclosure radiation is necessary for reaching a solution within 10% of results when all heat transfer modes are included. These conditions are when the right boundary temperatures are continuously above 800 K or when the temperature change was 40 K/min or more. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Solar Thermal Test Facil, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & Radiat Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lloyd, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Natl Solar Thermal Test Facil, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jllloyd@sandia.gov OI O'Neal, Dennis/0000-0001-9969-6658 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0145-7632 J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG JI Heat Transf. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1080/01457630601023476 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 135TO UT WOS:000244176600007 ER PT J AU Petrenko, T Sturhahn, W Neese, F AF Petrenko, Taras Sturhahn, Wolfgang Neese, Frank TI First-principles calculation of nuclear resonance vibrational spectra SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE first-principles calculation; nuclear resonance vibrational spectra; partial vibrational density of states ID GAMMA-RAYS; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PORPHYRINS; ABSORPTION; IRON AB We present a 'first-principles' methodology for the calculation of the parameters that are required for the simulation of nuclear resonance vibrational spectra (NRVS) of molecular systems. Formulae are given for the intensities of vibrational transitions corresponding to the so-called single- and double-phonon contributions to the NRVS signal. The method is also valid for those vibrations that are not in the high-frequency/low-temperature limit. We have rigorously treated the issue of orientational averaging of the Lamb-Mossbauer factor and the effect of the neglect of its anisotropy on the calculated NRVS pattern. Normal mode composition factors are determined in a compact form as appropriate components of an orthogonal matrix that diagonalizes the Hessian matrix. The method is illustrated by simulating the NRVS spectra and the partial vibrational density of states of [FeO(H(2)O)5](2+) on the basis of vibrational frequencies and normal mode composition factors obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. C1 [Petrenko, Taras; Neese, Frank] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Sturhahn, Wolfgang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Neese, F (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Wegelerstr 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM neese@thch.uni-bonn.de RI Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014 OI Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9600-5 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 315WN UT WOS:000256911000022 ER PT J AU Uwakweh, ONC Liu, CT AF Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Liu, C. T. TI Mossbauer spectroscopic study of a low temperature magnetic transition in ordered Fe-doped NiAl SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Mossbauer spectroscopy; Fe-doped nickel aluminides based on NiAl; magnetic transition; site occupancy preference ID BETA-PHASE; AL ALLOYS; CO; ADDITIONS; IRON; ALUMINIDES; SYSTEM; ATOMS; MODEL AB Mossbauer spectroscopic (MS) measurements at ambient and cryogenic temperatures on powdered Fe-doped NiAl materials (Ni-40Al-9Fe and Ni-50Al-9Fe) exhibited paramagnetic behavior down to 17 K, with one Fe-site in the hosts. At 4.2 K, Ni-40Al-9Fe (Al deficient) remained paramagnetic, while Ni-50Al-9Fe (Ni deficient) displayed a magnetic transition, resolved in terms of one Fe environment. The internal magnetic field of the magnetically split site of Ni-50Al-9Fe was 185 +/- 8 kOe determined from a field distribution model. This shows that electronic and magnetic interactions in ordered Fe-doped NiAl depend on Fe site preference tendencies. The single Fe site observed at 4.2 K for the Ni-deficient alloy shows that its Fe distribution or site occupancy is not random but ordered. The interactions leading to the development of internal magnetic field in the Ni-deficient ordered alloy is temperature dependent being absent above 17 K based on MS measurements from ambient to 4.2 K. C1 [Uwakweh, Oswald N. C.] Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Liu, C. T.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville Met & Ceram Div, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uwakweh, ONC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Dept Engn Sci & Mat, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 175 IS 1-3 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9601-4 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 315WN UT WOS:000256911000023 ER PT J AU Close, S Brown, P Campbell-Brown, M Oppenheim, M Colestock, P AF Close, S. Brown, P. Campbell-Brown, M. Oppenheim, M. Colestock, P. TI Meteor head echo radar data: Mass-velocity selection effects SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE meteors; radio observations ID 430 MHZ RADAR; ARECIBO; DUST; FLUX; DECELERATION; ATMOSPHERE; JICAMARCA; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB High-power, large-aperture (HPLA) radars detect the plasma that forms in the vicinity of a meteoroid and moves approximately at its velocity; reflections from these plasmas are called head echoes. For over a decade, HPLA radars have been detecting head echoes with peak velocity distributions > 50 km/s. These results have created some controversy within the field of meteor physics because previous data, including spacecraft impact cratering studies, optical and specular meteor data, indicate that the peak of the velocity distribution to a set limiting mass should be < 20 km/s [Love, S.G., Brownlee, D.E., 1993. Science 262, 550-553]. Thus the question of whether HPLA radars are preferentially detecting high-velocity meteors arises. In this paper we attempt to address this question by examining both modeled and measured head echo data using the ALTAIR radar, collected during the Leonid 1998 and 1999 showers. These data comprise meteors originating primarily from the North Apex sporadic meteor source. First, we use our scattering theory to convert measured radar-cross-section (RCS) to electron line density and mass, as well as to convert modeled electron line density and mass to RCS. We subsequently compare the dependence between mass, velocity, mean-free-path, RCS and line density using both the measured and modeled data by performing a multiple, linear regression fit. We find a strong correlation between derived mass and velocity and show that line density is approximately proportional to mass times velocity(3.1). Next, we determine the cumulative mass index using subsets of our data and use this mass index, along with the results of our regression fit, to weight the velocity distribution. Our results show that while there does indeed exist a bias in the measured head echo velocity distribution, it is smaller than those calculated using traditional specular trail data due to the different scattering mechanism, and also includes a bias against the low-mass, very high-velocity meteoroids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Close, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sigrid@lanl.gov OI Oppenheim, Meers/0000-0002-8581-6177 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2007 VL 186 IS 2 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.007 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134KF UT WOS:000244081200018 ER PT J AU Polpitiya, AD Dayawansa, WP Martin, CF Ghosh, BK AF Polpitiya, Ashoka D. Dayawansa, Wijesuriya P. Martin, Clyde F. Ghosh, Bijoy K. TI Geometry and control of human eye movements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE eye movements; geodesics; Hill model; Listing's law; simple mechanical control systems ID LISTINGS LAW; 3 DIMENSIONS; MECHANICS; MUSCLE; ROTATIONS; PULLEYS AB In this paper, we study the human oculomotor system as a simple mechanical control system. It is a well known physiological fact that all eye movements obey Listing's lawn which states that eye orientations form a subset consisting of rotation matrices for which the axes are orthogonal to the normal gaze direction. First, we discuss the geometry of this restricted configuration space (referred to as the Listing space). Then we formulate the system as a simple mechanical control system with a holonomic constraint. We propose a realistic model with musculotendon complexes and address the question of controlling the gaze. As an example, an optimal energy control problem is formulated and numerically solved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Polpitiya, AD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ashoka.polpitiya@pnl.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD FEB PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1109/TAC.2006.887902 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 139ZG UT WOS:000244471000002 ER PT J AU Rose, CR Chandrasekar, V AF Rose, C. R. Chandrasekar, V. TI Systems engineering analysis of a TRMM PR-like rainfall retrieval algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE drop size distribution (DSD) retrieval; retrieval algorithms; sensitivity analysis; spaceborne retrieval; systems engineering; Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) ID GLOBAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; PRECIPITATION RADAR; INDEXES; MODELS AB Systems engineering constitutes a group of processes and methods to design and implement a system for optimal performance given limited time, technology, or resources. As with any system, it is important to understand which subcomponents are most important and which are less important so that appropriate resource allocations may be made. An example of a complex system is the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Its subsystems include the satellite vehicle, the precipitation radar (YR), the ground validation system, and the retrieval algorithms. Each of these subsystems contributes to the overall success of the mission. Sensitivity analysis (SA) is a method whereby the output response from a model can be linked back to the variability in the input parameters. This paper describes a method of performing SA on a TRMM PR-like (TL) rainfall retrieval algorithm (based on the TRMM 2A25 algorithm) to better describe how the uncertainty in the model output can be apportioned to the uncertainty in the input factors and gain greater understanding as to the relative importance of each factor. For example, assuming a model with several input factors, if one factor is found to be the dominating cause of model error, and the others contribute relatively little, then resources can be devoted to improving the accuracy of one factor, thereby improving the overall model accuracy. This paper is based on global SA using a variance decomposition technique. Analyses are done and results are presented for factor importance for cases over both ocean and land. Results for the simple TL algorithm considered in this paper show that at low rain rate, the a and b coefficients in the R = aZ(e)(b) relationship contribute the greatest amount to the output variance. At higher rain rates, above about 8 mm/h, the error from Delta sigma degrees is the greatest contributor to error in algorithm output. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rose, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crose@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.886191 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 131GU UT WOS:000243857700015 ER PT J AU Ullisch, MG Moses, WW AF Ullisch, M. G. Moses, W. W. TI Multi-CFD timing estimators for PET block detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE constant fraction discriminator (CFD); PET; time of flight; timing resolution ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; CONSTANT-FRACTION DISCRIMINATOR; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PULSE HEIGHT TRIGGER; PHOTOMULTIPLIER SYSTEMS; RESOLUTION; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; SCINTILLATOR AB In a conventional PET system with block detectors, a timing estimator is created by generating the analog sum of the signals from the four photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in a module and discriminating the sum with a single constant fraction discrumnator (CFD). The differences in the propagation time between the PMTs in the module can potentially degrade the timing resolution of the module. While this degradation is probably too small to affect performance in conventional PET imaging, it may impact the timing inaccuracy for time-of-flight PET systems (which have higher timing resolution requirements). Using a separate CFD for each PMT might allow for propagation time differences to be compensated through calibration and correction in software. In this paper we investigate and quantify the timing resolution achievable when the signal from each of the 4 PMTs is digitized by a separate CFD. Several methods are explored for both obtaining values for the propagation time differences between the PMTs and combining the four arrival times to form a single timing estimator. We find that the propagation time correction offsets are best derived through an exhaustive search, and that the "weighted average" method provides the best timing estimator. Using these methods, the timing resolution achieved with 4 CFDs (1052 82 ps) is equivalent to the timing resolution with the conventiona single CFD setup (1064 216 ps). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ullisch, MG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marcus@ullisch.de; wwmoses@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.889171 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 137SE UT WOS:000244311600008 ER PT J AU Habte, F Olcott, PD Levin, CS Foudray, AM AF Habte, Frezghi Olcott, Peter D. Levin, Craig S. Foudray, Angela M. TI Prototype parallel readout system for position sensitive PMT based gamma ray imaging systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAMAC; data acquisition; digital-readout; gamma camera; lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO); position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) ID FLAT-PANEL PMT; CHARGE-DIVISION; PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES; CAMERA; SCINTILLATOR; ELECTRONICS; DETECTOR; PET AB A parallel prototype readout system that allows digitization and acquisition of 64 or more anode signals from a position sensitive photomultiplier tub e (PSPMT) was developed for a miniature hand-held gamma camera. This acquisition system was developed to study the benefits of a digital readout system compared to charge multiplexed techniques such as resistive division. The system was developed using CAMAC instrumentation standard and controlled via a Macintosh Computer. Four 16-channel charge-to-digital conversion (QDC) CAMAC modules were used to digitize individual anode signals from the PSPMT. To maximize the data transfer rate, a list processor module was also added in the system. For acquisition and processing of the digitized data, we used Kmax software from SPARROW. The system provided 99.9% spatial linearity when inter-anode gain correction was applied to list-mode data. Much improved scintillation crystal separation in a flood histogram with 16:1 peak to valley ratio,.and higher edge sensitivity was obtained compared to resistive charge multiplexing readout. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Phys Dept, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. RP Habte, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fhabte@ornl.gov; pdo@stanford.edu; cslevin@stanford.edu; afoudray@stanford.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.889157 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 137SE UT WOS:000244311600009 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Wielopolski, L Tan, H Fallu-Labruyere, A Hennig, W Warburton, WK AF Mitra, S. Wielopolski, L. Tan, H. Fallu-Labruyere, A. Hennig, W. Warburton, W. K. TI Concurrent measurement of individual gamma-ray spectra during and between fast neutron pulses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon; digital multi-channel analyzer; fast neutrons; pulsed spectroscopy; soil ID SCATTERING AB A fast commercial digital multi-channel analyzer (DMCA) with a 40 MHz sampling frequency, was modified for concurrent acquisition during the same data collection run, of two separate gamma-ray spectra induced during and between fast neutron pulses. The DMCA was programmed to monitor the incoming and observed count rates, and the resulting real times and dead times separately for each spectrum. We report here the performance of the DMCA in terms of it's monitoring capabilities for each channel when using a pulsed 14 MeV neutron generator. The losses in the incoming and observed count rates were modeled based on the basic dead time parameter of the system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. XIA LLC, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM smitra@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.889165 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 137SF UT WOS:000244311800003 ER PT J AU Klimenko, AV Priedhorsky, WC Borozdin, KN Morris, CL Schultz, LJ Green, AJ AF Klimenko, A. V. Priedhorsky, W. C. Borozdin, K. N. Morris, C. L. Schultz, L. J. Green, A. J. TI Exploring signatures of different physical processes for fusion with scattering Muon tomography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cosmic ray flux attenuation; electromagnetic showers; muon tomography; muonic x-rays AB The success of scattering muon tomography has prompted us to explore cosmic ray flux attenuation, electro-magnetic shower induction, and muonic X-ray emission as additional means for the non-destructive assay of small and medium size objects. We report on the value of the signatures of these processes as an adjunct to multiple scattering muon tomography. We discuss our experiments and the Monte-Carlo calculations of these processes, the type of information that can be drawn from their signatures, the cost and the value of this information. We discuss the general requirements for detector systems to make use of cosmic ray flux attenuation, induction of electro-magnetic showers, and muonic X-rays in muon tomography. We find that the attenuation of the cosmic ray flux allows for the inference of the density distribution for objects of automobile size and smaller with exposure times of order a few minutes. Our preliminary experiments and calculations have shown that using muonic X-rays to identify composition is exceedingly difficult, requiring months of exposure. Our experiments are not yet sensitive enough to detect muonic. x-rays at the rates expected from previous accelerator experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimenko, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138; Klimenko, Alexei/0000-0003-4255-9374; Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1109/TNS.2006.889169 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 137SF UT WOS:000244311800010 ER PT J AU Coleman, PL Apruzese, JP Velikovich, AL Thornhill, JW Davis, J Coverdale, CA Levine, JS Failor, B Sze, H Banister, J AF Coleman, Philip L. Apruzese, J. P. Velikovich, Alexander L. Thornhill, J. Ward Davis, Jack Coverdale, Christine A. Levine, Jerrold S. Failor, B. Sze, H. Banister, J. TI Measurement of the similar to 0.1-to > 10-keV energy distribution for an argon Z-pinch at the 15-MA level SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray diagnostics; X-ray spectra; Z-pinches ID PLASMAS; RADIATION; DIAGNOSTICS; ARRAY; MA AB We report an approximate energy distribution (coarse spectrum) over the range -0.1 to > 10 keV for the X-ray output of an argon Z-pinch. The tests, conducted at similar to 15-MA peak current, utilized an 8-cm diameter double-shell nozzle. Sze et al. (2001) have previously described the performance of this Z-pinch with emphasis on the K-shell line emission at similar to 3 keV. Additional measurements that address the non-K-line output of the Z-pinches are presented here. On the one hand, > 4-keV photons due to the free-bound continuum constitute a significant fraction, almost 30%, of the nominal K-shell emission. On the other hand, the sub-3-keV L-shell lines and continuum show distinctive time histories and significant yields. These nonresonance-line emissions are important for a more complete understanding of the implosion physics, for proper analysis of diagnostic responses, and for their effects upon objects exposed to the Z-pinch's radiation. C1 Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. L3 Commun Pulsed Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Coleman, PL (reprint author), Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. EM coleman@aasc.net RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.889273 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 136IT UT WOS:000244216500005 ER PT J AU Huang, ZY Cui, Y Xu, W AF Huang, Zhenyu Cui, Yu Xu, Wilsun TI Application of modal sensitivity for power system harmonic resonance analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE eigenvalue sensitivity; harmonic resonance; harmonics; modal analysis; power quality ID NETWORKS; SIMULATION AB Harmonic resonance is closely related to the singularity of a network admittance matrix. The smallest eigenvalue of the matrix defines the mode of harmonic resonance. This paper applies this eigenvalue theory and proposes a method to determine which network components have significant contributions to a harmonic resonance phenomenon. The basic idea is to calculate the sensitivities of a resonance mode to the parameters of network components. The sensitivity results are then ranked to quantify the impact of each component. In this paper, the eigen-sensitivity theory as applied to harmonic resonance mode analysis is presented. Case studies are used to verify the theory. A practical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method. In addition, this paper further conducts extensive comparative analysis on three types of network-oriented modal analysis techniques. The results have clarified the similarities and differences among the techniques. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; yucui@ece.ualberta.ca; wxu@ece.ualberta.ca NR 14 TC 16 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 222 EP 231 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.883678 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 132AO UT WOS:000243914400025 ER PT J AU Uwakweh, ONC Liu, CT AF Uwakweh, Oswald N. C. Liu, C. T. TI Mossbauer effect measurement evidence for magnetic transition in ordered Fe-doped NiAl SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE nickel aluminides, based on NiAl; magnetic properties; site occupancy; phase stability, prediction; spectroscopic methods, various ID ADDITIONS; ATOMS; CO AB Mossbauer effect measurements at room and cryogenic temperatures on powdered Fe-doped NiAl materials (designated as Ni-40Al-9Fe and Ni-50Al-9Fe) show that both were paramagnetic down to 17 K, displaying one Fe site in the host. At 4.2 K, Ni-40Al-9Fe remained paramagnetic, while Ni-50Al-9Fe showed a magnetic transition, with a clearly resolved Fe environment. The determined internal magnetic field was 185 +/- 8 kOe in comparison to 330 kOe for alpha-Fe (bcc) reference at room temperature. This shows that development and evolution of electronic and magnetic interactions associated with the dopant Fe in the ordered NiAl depend on its site preference tendencies. The temperature dependence of magnetic state of the dopant Fe, in conjunction with its site preference tendencies from Mossbauer effect measurements, confirms the effectiveness of this technique in the study of the hardening/softening behaviors of Fe-doped NiAl. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Gen Engn Dept, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uwakweh, ONC (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Coll Engn, Gen Engn Dept, POB 9044, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM uwakweh@ece.uprm.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.03.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OJ UT WOS:000243666900002 ER PT J AU Wu, D Baker, I Munroe, PR George, EP AF Wu, D. Baker, I. Munroe, P. R. George, E. P. TI The yield strength anomaly of single-slip-oriented Fe-Al single crystals SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron aluminides, based on FeAl; crystallography; yield stress; work-hardening ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRAIN-RATE; FRACTURE; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; FE-40AL; FE-45AL; BORON; MODEL AB Many features of the well-documented yield strength anomaly in B2-structured Fe-Al alloys have been successfully described or predicted by the vacancy-hardening model [George EP, Baker I. Philos Mag 1998;A77: 737]. Interestingly, the model does not predict any orientation dependence for the yield anomaly. Here, we examine this by measuring the yield stress of three different single-slip-oriented Fe-43Al single crystals as a function of temperature. It was found that the critical resolved shear stress of all the alloys decreased rapidly with temperature from 77 K to similar to 300 K, showed a plateau from 300 K to 723 K, increased to a peak at 873 K, and then decreased again with further increase in temperature. While neither the low-temperature strength (< 300 K) nor the temperature of the yield stress peak depended on the orientation (in agreement with the vacancy-hardening model), the yield stress in the plateau region around room temperature did. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ New S Wales, Electron Microscope Unit, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, I (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ian.baker@dartmouth.edu RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Munroe, Paul/I-9313-2016 OI Munroe, Paul/0000-0002-5091-2513 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.03.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 128OJ UT WOS:000243666900003 ER PT J AU Huang, ZY Bao, LX Xu, WS AF Huang, Zhenyu Bao, Lixin Xu, Wilsun TI A method to measure QV curves and its applications in power systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE voltage stability; QV curve; reactive power control ID VOLTAGE COLLAPSE AB The QV curve method has been adopted by many utilities because of its advantages on convergence and direct relationship with reactive compensation. QV curves, however, are traditionally obtained by a series of off-line power flow solutions, and their applications are limited to off-line voltage stability analysis. This paper proposes a measurement-based QV curve method, which can measure on-line part of the QV curve in the vicinity of the operating point employing some adjustable parameters (e.g. AVR settings) and a special compensation method to implement the measurement procedure. Theoretical analysis and simulation results on the real life BC Hydro system show that the proposed method works well and good consistency between the QV curves by the measurement procedure and the traditional method is achieved. Two application examples of the proposed method are also presented. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 British Columbia Transmiss Corp, Performance Planning, Vancouver, BC V7X 1V5, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RP Bao, LX (reprint author), British Columbia Transmiss Corp, Performance Planning, Suite 1100,4 Bentall Ctr,1055 Dunsmuir St,POB 492, Vancouver, BC V7X 1V5, Canada. EM lixin.bao@bctc.com NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-0615 J9 INT J ELEC POWER JI Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.06.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 129DJ UT WOS:000243708300007 ER PT J AU Botterud, A Korpas, M AF Botterud, Audun Korpas, Magnus TI A stochastic dynamic model for optimal timing of investments in new generation capacity in restructured power systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE power system restructuring; power generation investments; stochastic dynamic optimisation; real options; capacity payments ID VALUATION; OPTIONS AB In this paper we formulate the power generation investment problem for a decentralised and profit-maximising investor operating in a restructured and competitive power system. In particular, we look at how uncertainty influences the optimal timing of investments in new power generation capacity. A real options approach is used to take long-term uncertainty in load growth, and its influence on future electricity prices, into account in the investment optimisation. In order to value the operational flexibility of a new power plant we use an electricity price model, where the spot price is a function of load level and installed generation capacity, in addition to short-term uncertainties and temporal fluctuations in the market. The investor's income from a capacity payment, which also can depend on the system's total capacity balance, can also be represented. Hence, with the optimisation model we can analyse power plant profitability and optimal timing of new investments under different market designs. In a case study from the Nordic electricity market we analyse the effect of uncertainty on optimal investment timing. We also examine how a fixed or variable capacity payment would influence the investment decision, and discuss the system consequences of the resulting investment strategies. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SINTEF Energy Res, Energy Syst Dept, Trondheim, Norway. RP Botterud, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abotterud@anl.gov; magnus.korpas@sintef.no NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-0615 J9 INT J ELEC POWER JI Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.06.006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 129DJ UT WOS:000243708300009 ER PT J AU Bunting, BG Wildman, CB Szybist, JP Lewis, S Storey, J AF Bunting, B. G. Wildman, C. B. Szybist, J. P. Lewis, S. Storey, J. TI Fuel chemistry and cetane effects on diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition performance, combustion, and emissions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE homogeneous charge compression ignition; cetane number; combustion; diesel fuel ID CONTROLLABLE EGR; HCCI COMBUSTION AB The effects of cetane number (CN) on homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) performance and emissions were investigated in a single-cylinder engine with port fuel injection, using intake air temperature for control. Commercial fuels and blends of the diesel secondary reference fuels were evaluated, covering a CN range from 19 to 76. Sweeps of intake air temperature showed that low-CN fuels needed higher intake temperatures than high-CN fuels to achieve ignition. As a function of intake air temperature, each fuel passed through a point of maximum indicated mean effective pressure (i.m.e.p.). High-CN fuels required a combustion phasing approximately 10 crank angle degrees (CAD) earlier than the lowest CN fuels in order to prevent misfire. The high-CN fuels exhibited a strong low-temperature heat release (LTHR) event, while no LTHR was detected for fuels with CN <= 34. All of the fuels yielded comparable NO, emissions (< 6 ppm at 3.5 bar i.m.e.p.) at their respective maximum i.m.e.p. timing. Low-CN fuels were prone to excessive pressure rise rates and NO, emissions at advanced phasing, while high-CN fuels were prone to excessive CO emissions at retarded phasing. These results suggest that the products of LTHR, which are high in CO, are more sensitive to the quenching effects of cylinder expansion. Engine speed was found to suppress LTHR since higher engine speed reduces the time allowed for the LTHR reactions. In addition to measurements of standard gaseous emissions, additional sampling and analysis techniques were used to identify and measure the individual exhaust HC species including an array of oxygenated compounds. In addition to high concentrations of formaldehyde and other low molecular weight carbonyls, results showed an abundance of organic acids, ranging from formic to nonanoic acid. Concentrations of high molecular weight partially oxidized species were highest for the high-CN fuels at retarded phasing, and are believed to be a direct product of LTHR. C1 [Bunting, B. G.; Wildman, C. B.; Szybist, J. P.; Lewis, S.; Storey, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Szybist, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM szybistjp@ornl.gov FU DOE's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicles Technology 13 FX This work was performed at Oak Ridge National 12 Laboratory at the Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center. The work is supported by DOE's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicles Technology 13 under the fuels subprogramme. Steve Goguen and Kevin Stork are DOE's programme managers for this research. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1243/14680874JER01306 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 374OG UT WOS:000261053000003 ER PT J AU Singh, S Reitz, RD Musculus, MPB Lachaux, T AF Singh, S. Reitz, R. D. Musculus, M. P. B. Lachaux, T. TI Validation of engine combustion models against detailed in-cylinder optical diagnostics data for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OH planar laser-induced fluorescence; soot laser-induced incandescence; laser diagnostics; representative interactive flamelet (RIF); CHEMKIN; characteristic time combustion (CTC); combustion model ID KINETICS AB Three different approaches for modelling in-cylinder compression-ignition engine processes for partially premixed combustion modes are compared with experimentally observed cylinder pressure and in-cylinder images of liquid-and vapour-fuel penetration, ignition, combustion, and soot formation in an optically accessible heavy-duty direct injection engine. A multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model for engine combustion, KIVA-3V, served as a common platform into which three different combustion submodels were integrated: (1) characteristic time combustion (KIVA-CTC); (2) representative interactive flamelet (KIVA-RIF); and (3) direct integration using detailed chemistry (KIVA-CHEMKIN). Three different engine operating strategies with significant premixing of fuel and air prior to ignition were investigated: low-temperature combustion achieved by charge dilution, with fuel injection either (1) early, or (2) late in the engine cycle, and (3) long ignition delay, high-temperature combustion (i.e. no charge dilution) with fuel injection near top dead centre of the piston stroke. Comparison of simulated cylinder pressure and heat-release rates with the experimental results shows that all the combustion submodels predict the cylinder pressures and heat-release rates reasonably well, but predictions of in-cylinder phenomena were significantly different among the submodels. The KIVA-CHEMKIN submodel predictions agree best with experimental observations of the location of ignition sites and the spatial distribution of soot and OH. The KIVA-RIF model, which uses global quantities to account for turbulence-chemistry interactions, under-predicts the flame lift-off, while ignition sites and species distributions are broader than observed experimentally. The KIVA-CTC submodel greatly over-predicts the spatial extent and total amount of in-cylinder soot. C1 [Singh, S.; Reitz, R. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Musculus, M. P. B.; Lachaux, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, 1500 Engn Dr,Room 1011, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM singh002@erc.wisc.edu FU DOE's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; Caterpillar Inc; [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX The experiments were performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multi-programme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. Financial Support was provided by the DOE's Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, managed by Kevin Stork and Gurpreet Singh. Additional financial support for the modelling activities at the University of Wisconsin was provided by Caterpillar Inc. The authors also thank David Cicone of Sandia National Laboratories for his assistance in maintaining the optical-access research engine used in these experiments. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 97 EP 126 DI 10.1243/14680874JER02406 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 374OG UT WOS:000261053000009 ER PT J AU Sun, X Stephens, EV Khaleel, MA AF Sun, Xin Stephens, Elizabeth V. Khaleel, Moe A. TI Fatigue behaviors of self-piercing rivets joining similar and dissimilar sheet metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE self-piercing rivet; joint fatigue strength; piercing direction; similar metals joint; dissimilar metals joint; head side material; tail side material ID JOINTS; CONTACT AB This paper summarizes the fatigue test results of self-piercing rivet (SPR) joints between similar and dissimilar sheet metals. The influences of material grades, material thickness, piercing direction and the use of structural adhesive on the rivet samples' fatigue behaviors were investigated. Fatigue test results indicate that SPR joints have superior fatigue strength than resistance spot weld (RSW) joints for the same material combinations. The application of structural adhesive also significantly enhances the fatigue strength of the joint samples; this is particularly true for the lap-shear loading configuration. In addition, different piercing directions for SPR joints have a noticeable effect on the static and fatigue strength of the joints. The joint fatigue results presented in this paper offer design engineers the durability data for SPR joints with various material combinations under different loading conditions. Moreover, it provides manufacturing engineers with some insights on the effects of different manufacturing parameters on the strength and durability of these joints. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6-08,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 370 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.054 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 122QL UT WOS:000243241400016 ER PT J AU Wu, LG Lu, XH Kulp, KS Knize, MG Berman, ESF Nelson, EJ Felton, JS Wu, KJJ AF Wu, Ligang Lu, Xiaochen Kulp, Kristen S. Knize, Mark G. Berman, Elena S. F. Nelson, Erik J. Felton, James S. Wu, Kuang Jen J. TI Imaging and differentiation of mouse embryo tissues by ToF-SIMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ToF-SIMS; mouse embryo; paraffin-embedded; image PCA ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADSORBED PROTEIN FILMS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIAL; CHOLESTEROL; CANCER; CELLS; GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; INSTRUMENTATION; PHOSPHOCHOLINE AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) equipped with a gold ion gun was used to image mouse embryo sections and differentiate tissue types (brain, spinal cord, skull, rib, heart and liver). Embryos were paraffin-embedded and then deparaffinized. The robustness and repeatability of the method was determined by analyzing ten tissue slices from three different embryos over a period of several weeks. Using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the spectral data generated by ToF-SIMS, histopathologically identified tissue types of the mouse embryos can be differentiated based on the characteristic differences in their mass spectra. These results demonstrate the ability of ToF-SIMS to determine subtle chemical differences even in fixed histological specimens. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wu, KJJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wu17@llnl.gov RI yu, yu/C-7781-2009; Wu, Ligang/C-7770-2009 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 260 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.09.029 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 129QH UT WOS:000243743500008 ER PT J AU Ng, JST Chen, PS AF Ng, Johnny S. T. Chen, Pisin TI Prospects of high energy laboratory astrophysics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of the 4th Laser-Beam Interactions Workshop/7th Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop CY DEC 12-16, 2005 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE laboratory astrophysics; cosmic accelerator; ultra high energy cosmic rays ID COSMIC-RAY; AIR; FLUORESCENCE AB Ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) have been observed but their sources and production mechanisms are yet to be understood. We envision a laboratory astrophysics program that will contribute to the understanding of cosmic accelerators with efforts to: 1) test and calibrate UHECR observational techniques, and 2) elucidate the underlying physics of cosmic acceleration through laboratory experiments and computer simulations. Innovative experiments belonging to the first category have already been done at the SLAC FFTB. Results on air fluorescence yields from the FLASH experiment are reviewed. Proposed future accelerator facilities can provided unprecedented high-energy-densities in a regime relevant to cosmic acceleration studies and accessible in a terrestrial environment for the first time. We review recent simulation studies of non-linear plasma dynamics that could give rise to cosmic acceleration, and discuss prospects for experimental investigation of the underlying mechanisms. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ng, JST (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jng@SLAC.Stanford.edu; chen@SLAC.Stanford.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1142/S0217979207042082 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 234JF UT WOS:000251156700007 ER PT J AU Gai, W Conde, ME Gao, F Jing, C Konecny, R Liu, W Power, JC Wang, H Yusof, Z AF Gai, W. Conde, M. E. Gao, F. Jing, C. Konecny, R. Liu, W. Power, J. C. Wang, H. Yusof, Z. TI Recent structure based high gradient wakefield experiments at argonne SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of the 4th Laser-Beam Interactions Workshop/7th Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop CY DEC 12-16, 2005 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE wakefield; acceleration; dielectric AB Dielectric structures promise to support high field, especially for short wakefield pulses produced by a high charged electron beam traveling in a dielectric tube. To push the gradient higher, we have tested two structures using recent upgraded Argonne wakefield accelerator facility that capable of producing up to 100 nC charge and bunch length of < 13ps (FWHM). Here we report on the experiment results that more than 80 nC beam passes through a Id GHz dielectric loaded wakefield structure that produced an accelerating field of similar to 45 MV/m. The two structures consist of a cylindrical ceramic tube (cordierite) with a dielectric constant of 5, inner and outer radii of 5 mm and 7.49 mm, respectively, and with length of 102 min and 23 min long. We present measurements made with single electron bunches and also with two bunches separated by 1.5 ns. As a next step in these experiments, another structure, with an output coupler, has been designed and is presently being fabricated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wg@hep.anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1142/S0217979207042148 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 234JF UT WOS:000251156700013 ER PT J AU Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Kusche, K Pavlishin, IV Pogorelsky, IV Siddons, DP Yakimenko, V Omori, T Urakawa, J Yokoya, K Hirose, T Cline, D Zhou, F AF Kumita, Tetsuro Kamiya, Yoshio Babzien, Marcus Ben-Zvi, Ilan Kusche, Karl Pavlishin, Igor V. Pogorelsky, Igor V. Siddons, David P. Yakimenko, Vitaly Omori, Tsunehiko Urakawa, Junji Yokoya, Kaoru Hirose, Tachishige Cline, David Zhou, Feng TI Observation of nonlinear Thomson scattering at BNL-ATF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of the 4th Laser-Beam Interactions Workshop/7th Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop CY DEC 12-16, 2005 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE nonlinear Thomson scattering; inverse Compton scattering; laser synchrotron source ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; GENERATION; BEAMS AB Measurement of X-rays produced in nonlinear Thomson scattering of high power laser and electron beams is a good test of electrodynamics in the high field region. We performed an experiment of head-on collision between sub-terawatt CO2 laser and 60-MeV electron beams at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Accelerator Test Facility. Angular distributions of X-rays produced in Thomson scattering were measured and contribution of the second order nonlinear interaction was observed by comparing the distributions with Monte Carlo simulations based on the semi-classical theory of photon-electron interactions. C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kumita, T (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. EM kumita@phys.metro-u.ac.jp RI urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014 OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1142/S0217979207042264 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 234JF UT WOS:000251156700025 ER PT J AU Bolton, PR AF Bolton, Paul R. TI Noninvasive laser probing of ultrashort single electron bunches for accelerator and light source development SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Symposium of the 4th Laser-Beam Interactions Workshop/7th Laser and Plasma Accelerators Workshop CY DEC 12-16, 2005 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE accelerator diagnostics; electro-optics; laser-induced reflectance ID TERAHERTZ PULSES; SHOT MEASUREMENT; BEAM; RADIATION; INTENSE AB Companion development of ultrafast electron beam diagnostics capable of noninvasively resolving single bunch detail is essential for the development of high energy, high brightness accelerator facilities and associated beam-based light source applications. Existing conventional accelerators can exhibit timing-jitter down to the 100 femtosecond level which exceeds their single bunch duration capability. At the other extreme, in relatively jitterless environments, laser-plasma wakefield accelerators (LWFA) can generate single electron bunches of duration estimated to be of order 10 femtoseconds making this setting a valuable testbed for development of broadband electron bunch diagnostics. Characteristics of electro-optic schemes and laser-induced reflectance are discussed with emphasis on temporal resolution. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bolton, PR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PO Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM bolton@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1142/S0217979207042331 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 234JF UT WOS:000251156700032 ER PT J AU Staszczak, A Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Staszczak, A. Dobaczewski, J. Nazarewicz, W. TI Pairing properties of superheavy nuclei SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR BASIS; FOCK-BOGOLYUBOV EQUATIONS; MEAN-FIELD MODELS; ELEMENTS; STATE AB Pairing properties of even-even superheavy N=184 isotones are studied within the Skyrme-Haxtree-Fock+BCS approach. In the particle-hole channel we take the Skyrme energy density functional SLy4, while in the particle-particle channel we employ the seniority pairing force and zero-range delta-interactions with different forms of density dependence. We conclude that the calculated static fission trajectories weakly depend on the specific form of the delta-pairing interaction. We also investigate the impact of triaxiality on the inner fission barrier and find a rather strong Z dependence of the effect. C1 Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Staszczak, A (reprint author), Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Pl M Curie Sklodowskiej 1, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 310 EP 319 DI 10.1142/S0218301307005740 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 231NJ UT WOS:000250955000010 ER PT J AU Baran, A Staszczak, A Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Baran, A. Staszczak, A. Dobaczewski, J. Nazarewicz, W. TI Collective inertia and fission barriers within the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR BASIS; EQUATIONS; NUCLEI AB Spontaneous fission barriers, quadrupole inertia tensor, and zero-point quadrupole correlation energy are calculated for Fm-252,Fm-256,Fm-258 in the framework of the self-consistent Skyrme-Haxtree-Fock+BCS theory. Two ways of computing collective inertia are employed: the Gaussian Overlap Approximation to the Generator Coordinate Method and cranking ansatz. The Skyrme results are compared with those of the Gogny-HartreeFock-Bogolyubov model. C1 Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Baran, A (reprint author), Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, Radziszewskiego 10, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1142/S0218301307005879 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 231NJ UT WOS:000250955000023 ER PT J AU Bhusarapu, S Cassanello, M Al-Dahhan, MH Dudukovic, MP Trujillo, S O'Hern, TJ AF Bhusarapu, Satish Cassanello, Miryan Al-Dahhan, Muthanna H. Dudukovic, Milorad P. Trujillo, Steven O'Hern, Timothy J. TI Dynamical features of the solid motion in gas-solid risers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE gas-solid risers; circulating fluidized beds; solids dynamics; CARPT ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; FLUIDIZED-BEDS; FLOW STRUCTURE; REGIMES; ATTRACTORS; TRANSPORT AB The trajectories of a solid tracer with the same characteristics as the circulating solids in the risers of two pilot-scale circulating fluidized beds (CFBs), obtained by the computer automated radioactive particle tracking (CARPT) technique, are examined in detail to get further insights into the complex solids dynamics of these systems. The analysis uses tools from the theory of non-linear dynamics and symbolic dynamics. Distinct features of the solids dynamics within the fast fluidization and the dilute phase transport flow regimes are highlighted and related to the operating conditions. The possibility of downflow cluster existence within the central region of the riser is particularly examined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ind, PINMATE, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chem React Engn Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cassanello, M (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ind, PINMATE, Ciudad Univ,Int Guiraldes 2620, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM miryan@di.fcen.uba.ar NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD FEB PY 2007 VL 33 IS 2 BP 164 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2006.08.006 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 139CJ UT WOS:000244409400004 ER PT J AU Goldstein, N AF Goldstein, Noah TI Coupled spatiotemporal simulation modelling explorations of co-evolving systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coupled spatial modelling; GIS; urban growth; wildfires ID URBAN-GROWTH; INTEGRATION; FRAMEWORK; GIS AB Dynamic spatiotemporal simulation modelling is a powerful method of using real spatial data and created algorithms to simulate 'could be worlds.' The coupling of two dynamic models then affords the creation of a co-evolutionary modelling system. When applied to human and natural systems, the new meta- or coupled model can be used to test different scenario sets of possible planning and behavioural outcomes. Scenarios can include sustainable development, and the exploration of non-sustainable trajectories. This paper presents the Vesta model, a coupled Urban Growth and Wildfire Risk model. The linkages between human and natural systems are explored in the Vesta model, showing differential degrees of interaction. In the Vesta model, the developing city interacts with wildfires and wildfire policy. The wildfire risk component of the coupled model interacts with vegetation dynamics in its own system, as well as with urban encroachment and urban growth policies. The Vesta model is demonstrated on a synthetic dataset and on real data from the Santa Barbara, California region, where urbanization and wildfire can be viewed as conflicting processes. The challenges to coupling dynamic spatial models are explored, as well as the potential benefit of this approach to sustainable development. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Goldstein, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Appl Stat & Econ Grp, Syst & Decis Sci Sect, 7000 E Ave,L-644, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM goldstein8@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAPIENS PUBLISHING PI DUMFRIESSHIRE PA DUNCOW, KIRKMAHOE, DUMFRIESSHIRE, DG1 1TA, ENGLAND SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 14 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157MI UT WOS:000245723500005 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Romanek, CS Wiegel, J AF Lee, Yong-Jin Romanek, Christopher S. Wiegel, Juergen TI Clostridium aciditolerans sp nov., an acid-tolerant spore-forming anaerobic bacterium from constructed wetland sediment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCATOLOGENES STRAIN SL1; PHYLOGENETIC TREES AB An obligately anaerobic, spore-forming, moderately acid-tolerant bacterium, strain JW/YJL-B3 was isolated from a sediment sample from a constructed wetland system receiving acid sulfate water. Based on 1 6S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate belonged to the Firmicutes branch with Clostridium drakei SL1(T) (96.2 % gene sequence similarity) as its closest relative. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 30.8 mol% (HPLC). Cells were straight to curved rods, 0.5-1.0 mu m in diameter and 3.0-9.0 mu m in length. The temperature range for growth was 20-45 degrees C, with an optimum around 35 degrees C. Growth was not detected below 18 degrees C or above 47 degrees C. The pH range for growth was broad, pH(25 degrees C) 3.8-8.9, with an optimum at 7.0-7.5. However at pH 4.5, the strain grew at 52 % of the optimal growth rate. The salinity range was 0- 1.5 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JW/YJL-B3 T utilized beef extract, Casamino acids, peptone, tryptone, arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose, xylose, pyruvate, glutamate and inulin as a carbon and energy source. There were no indications of growth under aerobic or autotrophic conditions. The isolate produced acetate, butyrate and ethanol as fermentation end products from glucose. Based on these characteristics and other physiological properties, the isolate is placed into the novel taxon, Clostridium aciditolerans sp. nov., with strain JW/YJL-B3(T) (=DSM 17425(T) = ATCC BAA-1220(T)) as the type strain. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Wiegel, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwiegel@uga.edu OI Wiegel, Juergen/0000-0002-6343-6464 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64583-0 PN 2 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 141KL UT WOS:000244577200022 PM 17267970 ER PT J AU Walker, DG Allison, SW AF Walker, D. Greg Allison, Stephen W. TI Transient measurements using thermographic phosphors SO ISA TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE thermographic phosphor; transient temperature measurement ID THERMOMETRY AB The decay of thermographic phosphors has been used to measure temperature in a wide variety of applications. Because measurements of a single temperature are obtained from intensity decay in time, the use of phosphors is predicated on the fact that the temperature does not change during the decay. This may not be valid in some engineering applications. A new model for phosphor data reduction designed to recover transient effects is presented. A heated wire experiment is used to determine the efficacy of the approach. Results for a particular microsecond phosphor indicate that transients can be resolved, but not to a great deal of accuracy. Nevertheless, the steady model predicted temperatures that were 10 degrees C off compared to the transient model during high heating. (c) 2006, ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Walker, D. Greg] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Allison, Stephen W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Walker, DG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM greg.walker@vanderbilt.edu RI Walker, Don/B-3718-2012; OI Walker, Don/0000-0002-6061-048X; Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0019-0578 J9 ISA T JI ISA Trans. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.isatra.2006.03.001 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 269PP UT WOS:000253661700003 PM 17240375 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, J AF Wadsworth, Jeffrey TI The evolution of technology for structural materials over the last 50 years SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOLYBDENUM; PROGRESS; ALLOY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wadsworthj@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD FEB PY 2007 VL 59 IS 2 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0021-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 137FS UT WOS:000244279000005 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus TI Simulation of small-angle scattering curves by numerical Fourier transformation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; NAFION; MEMBRANES AB A simple numerical approach for calculating the q-dependence of the scattering intensity in small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) is discussed. For a user-defined scattering density on a lattice, the scattering intensity I(q) (q is the modulus of the scattering vector) is calculated by three-dimensional (or two-dimensional) numerical Fourier transformation and spherical summation in q space, with a simple smoothing algorithm. An exact and simple correction for continuous rather than discrete (lattice-point) scattering density is described. Applications to relatively densely packed particles in solids (e.g. nanocomposites) are shown, where correlation effects make single-particle (pure form-factor) calculations invalid. The algorithm can be applied to particles of any shape that can be defined on the chosen cubic lattice and with any size distribution, while those features pose difficulties to a traditional treatment in terms of form and structure factors. For particles of identical but potentially complex shapes, numerical calculation of the form factor is described. Long parallel rods and platelets of various cross-section shapes are particularly convenient to treat, since the calculation is reduced to two dimensions. The method is used to demonstrate that the scattering intensity from 'randomly' parallel-packed long cylinders is not described by simple 1/q and 1/q(4) power laws, but at cylinder volume fractions of more than similar to 25% includes a correlation peak. The simulations highlight that the traditional evaluation of the peak position overestimates the cylinder thickness by a factor of similar to 1.5. It is also shown that a mix of various relatively densely packed long boards can produce I(q) similar or equal to 1/q, usually observed for rod-shaped particles, without a correlation peak. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1107/S002188980604550X PN 1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 126FP UT WOS:000243498100004 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ AF Kramer, M. J. TI A strategy for rapid analysis of the variations in the reduced distribution function of liquid metals and metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; PHASE-TRANSITION; FREE-VOLUME; IN-SITU; MELTS; LEVITATION; ANISOTROPY AB Pulsed neutron sources and third-generation synchrotron sources provide sufficiently high flux to acquire high wave momentum diffraction patterns suitable for pair distribution function (PDF) analysis in a matter of minutes to seconds, and even less. This allows for sequential data acquisition of a sample subjected to thermal, mechanical and even magnetic forces. Understanding the dynamics of the material's response to external stimuli will require new ways of analyzing the massive amounts of data collected during these time-resolved studies. The change in the PDF can be quickly evaluated using only the change in the measured intensities from an arbitrary initial state. With appropriate scaling factor, these can provide a quantitative measure of how the pairwise correlations change with external stimuli. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 225 Wilhlem Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1107/S0021889806042944 PN 1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 126FP UT WOS:000243498100011 ER PT J AU Von Dreele, RB AF Von Dreele, Robert B. TI Multipattern Rietveld refinement of protein powder data: an approach to higher resolution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; DIFFRACTION PATTERN; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; CRYSTALS; BINDING; NUMBER; REFLECTIONS; ANGSTROM; MODEL AB By using combinations of multiple protein powder diffraction patterns obtained from an image plate to a d-spacing of 2 angstrom, which differ by solvent-induced and radiation-damage-induced lattice strains, the powder overlap problem is partially resolved in a stereochemically restrained Rietveld refinement. The results for hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) include, for the first time with powder data, placement of a substantial number of water molecules and structural results that approach the quality normally obtained by single-crystal methods. This study explores the lattice strains induced by changes in salt concentration, changes in solvent pH and the effect of low-dose radiation damage. For HEWL, lattice strains are not monotonic, so that with increasing NaCl concentration (0.25-1.25 M) the a axis increases by similar to 0.5%, while the c axis decreases by similar to 1.5%, and this variation is pH dependent. Low-dose radiation damage similarly induces non-monotonic lattice strains, similar but smaller than those arising from increased salt concentration. The effect of using these powder data in a combined Rietveld analysis is effectively to deconvolute the overlapping reflections by differing shifts in their relative positions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Von Dreele, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vondreele@anl.gov NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1107/S0021889806045493 PN 1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 126FP UT WOS:000243498100018 ER PT J AU Finger, LW Kroeker, M Toby, BH AF Finger, Larry W. Kroeker, Martin Toby, Brian H. TI DRAWxtl, an open-source computer program to produce crystal structure drawings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB The computer program DRAWxtl produces crystal structure drawings in the form of an interactive screen representation, as well as VRML files for use on web pages and in classroom teaching, and creates input files for the popular Persistence of Vision Raytracer (POV-Ray) rendering program for publication-quality graphics, including generation of stereo pairs. DRAWxtl output produces the standard kinds of graphical representations: spheres, ellipsoids, bonds and polyhedra of any complexity. In addition, it can draw arrows to represent magnetic moments, show capped cones to indicate the location of lone-pair electrons and display Fourier contours in three dimensions. A unique feature of this program is the ability to plot incommensurately modulated and composite structures. This open-source program can be used with operating systems as diverse as Windows (9X, NT, 2000 and XP), Mac OS X, Linux and most other varieties of Unix. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finger, LW (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM larry.finger@lwfinger.net RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1107/S0021889806051557 PN 1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 126FP UT WOS:000243498100025 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Kurtz, CA Locke, DR Parise, JB Hriljac, JA AF Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Kurtz, Charles A. Locke, Darren R. Parise, John B. Hriljac, Joseph A. TI Hydrostatic low-range pressure applications of the Paris-Edinburgh cell utilizing polymer gaskets for diffuse X-ray scattering measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NEUTRON AB The use of a polymeric Torlon (polyamide-imide) gasket material in a Paris Edinburgh pressure cell for in situ high-pressure X-ray scattering measurements is demonstrated. The relatively low bulk modulus of the gasket allows for fine control of the sample pressure over the range 0.01-0.42 GPa. The quality of the data obtained in this way is suitable for Bragg and pair distribution function analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Chapman, KW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chapmank@aps.anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 40 BP 196 EP 198 DI 10.1107/S0021889806047923 PN 1 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 126FP UT WOS:000243498100027 ER PT J AU Baer, MR Hall, CA Gustavsen, RL Hooks, DE Sheffield, SA AF Baer, M. R. Hall, C. A. Gustavsen, R. L. Hooks, D. E. Sheffield, S. A. TI Isentropic loading experiments of a plastic bonded explosive and constituents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS; Z-ACCELERATOR; MESOSCALE AB The plastic bonded explosive PBX 9501 and its constituents [cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) crystals, nitroplasticized Estane (R) 5703 and a fine-crystallite HMX laden binder mixture] were subjected to a ramped quasi-isentropic compression load using the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories to determine equation of state and constitutive property data. Various sample thicknesses of these materials were subjected to an identical ramp loading history up to 4.5 GPa over 350 ns and particle velocities were measured using a velocity interferometry technique to assess material response. Upon defining appropriate constitutive relationships for the individual constituents, a topologically disordered model of the composite material was numerically simulated and details of the mesoscale simulation indicate that much of the plastic deformation first occurs locally at the large HMX crystal contacts points and subsequently by the deformation of the interstitial fine-crystallite/binder material. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baer, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbaer@sandia.gov OI Gustavsen, Richard/0000-0002-2281-2742 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 034906 DI 10.1063/1.2399881 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100161 ER PT J AU Bhandari, A Sheldon, BW Hearne, SJ AF Bhandari, Abhinav Sheldon, Brian W. Hearne, Sean J. TI Competition between tensile and compressive stress creation during constrained thin film island coalescence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC STRESS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INTERNAL-STRESS; SILVER FILMS; GROWTH; MECHANISMS; CURVATURE; SUBSTRATE; EVOLUTION; DIAMOND AB Various analytical models have been proposed to predict the tensile stress created when discrete islands contact during a Volmer-Weber thin film growth. Past efforts to experimentally validate these models have been hindered by the stochastic nucleation of islands, which results in coalescence over a large distribution of times and length scales. To avoid this we systematically varied island geometries using electrodeposition of Ni islands on lithographically patterned conductive substrates (Au film on Si), which allowed for independent control of island size and growth rate. Using this technique, we previously demonstrated that most of the coalescence stress occurred after the initial contact of the neighboring islands, reaching a steady state when the film surface became nearly planar. In this work, we expand on these initial results to examine the kinetics of the coalescence process and to systematically evaluate the stress transition from discrete islands to a planar film. The steady state stress in planar films increased with growth rate, but asymptotically approached a limiting value for higher growth rates that depended on the island size. We attribute this to the competition between the kinetically limited compressive stress generation and tensile coalescence stress processes. The interaction of these mechanisms is consistent with both the observed transient stress evolution during the initial stages of island coalescence and the steady state stress evolution later in the process. The instantaneous stress at both the initial contact and at longer times decreased with increasing island size, as predicted in the literature. However, the existing models predict significantly larger grain size effects than those observed in these experiments. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sheldon, BW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM brian_sheldon@brown.edu NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033528 DI 10.1063/1.2432376 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100069 ER PT J AU Campbell, GH Archbold, GC Hurricane, OA Miller, PL AF Campbell, Geoffrey H. Archbold, Gregory C. Hurricane, Omar A. Miller, Paul L. TI Fragmentation in biaxial tension SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; EXPANDING RING; FAILURE; METALS; SHELLS; MODEL AB We have carried out an experiment that places a ductile stainless steel in a state of biaxial tension at a high rate of strain. The loading of the ductile metal spherical cap is performed by the detonation of a high-explosive layer with a conforming geometry to expand the metal radially outwards. Simulations of the loading and expansion of the metal predict strain rates that compare well with experimental observations. A high percentage of the high explosives loaded material was recovered through a soft capture process, and characterization of the recovered fragments provided high- quality data, including uniform strain prior to failure and fragment size. These data were used with a modified fragmentation model to determine a fragmentation energy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ghcampbell@llnl.gov RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Miller, Paul/E-6880-2013 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033540 DI 10.1063/1.2437117 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100081 ER PT J AU Gillispie, MA van Hest, MFAM Dabney, MS Perkins, JD Ginley, DS AF Gillispie, Meagen A. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Dabney, Matthew S. Perkins, John D. Ginley, David S. TI rf magnetron sputter deposition of transparent conducting Nb-doped TiO2 films on SrTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; ANATASE TIO2; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB rf magnetron sputtering, an established and scalable large area deposition process, is used to deposit Nb:TiO2 and Ta:TiO2 films onto (100) SrTiO3 substrates at temperatures T-S ranging from room temperature to 400 degrees C. Optical, electrical, and structural properties similar to those reported for pulsed laser deposition grown films were obtained. In particular, the most conducting Ti0.85Nb0.15O2 films, grown at T-S approximate to 375 degrees C, are epitaxially oriented anatase films with conductivity of 3000 S cm(-1), carrier concentration of 2.4 x 1021 cm(-3), Hall mobility of 7.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), and optical transparency T > 80% from 400 to 900 nm. The conductivity is strongly correlated with the intensity of the anatase (004) x-ray diffraction peak. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gillispie, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM maikel_van_hest@nrel.gov NR 22 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033125 DI 10.1063/1.2434005 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100025 ER PT J AU Millett, JCF Gray, GT Bourne, NK AF Millett, J. C. F. Gray, G. T., III Bourne, N. K. TI Measurement of the shear strength of pure tungsten during one-dimensional shock loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATERAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS; POLYCRYSTALLINE TUNGSTEN; SILICON-CARBIDE; DELAYED FAILURE; LOADED TUNGSTEN; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; GAUGES; TARGETS; WAVES AB The behavior of a pure tungsten under conditions of one-dimensional shock loading has been monitored using Manganin stress gauges, in longitudinal and lateral orientations. The shock induced equation of state, in terms of stress and particle velocity (from the longitudinal gauges), shows that the Hugoniot of this pure material agrees with the results of previous workers, both in pure tungsten and tungsten alloys. Lateral stress traces show an increase in stress (and hence decrease in shear strength) behind the shock front, in a manner similar to that observed in a tungsten heavy alloy and pure tantalum. It has been proposed that this is due to the high Peierl's stress initially restricting dislocation generation, followed by a later increased in dislocation density. However, the brittle manner in which tungsten fails under shock loading indicates that other mechanisms are in operation. It has been suggested that the shock front nucleates cracking, which progressively grows behind it, which in combination with the proposed dislocation mechanisms reduces shear strength. Finally, we show that the variation of shear strength with shock stress is in agreement with a number of other workers until a stress level of similar to 10 GPa, where it is significantly higher. We have suggested that this is due to the higher strength of pure tungsten compared to the liquid phase sintered materials studied previously. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Millett, JCF (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM jeremy.millett@awe.co.uk RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033520 DI 10.1063/1.2427096 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100061 ER PT J AU Selling, J Birowosuto, MD Dorenbos, P Schweizer, S AF Selling, J. Birowosuto, M. D. Dorenbos, P. Schweizer, S. TI Europium-doped barium halide scintillators for x-ray and gamma-ray detections SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL AB Single crystals of undoped or europium-doped barium chloride, bromide, and iodide were investigated under x-ray and gamma-ray excitations. The Eu2+-related x-ray excited luminescence found in the Eu-doped barium halides occurs at 402, 404, and 425 nm for the chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively. BaCl2:Eu2+ shows the best scintillation properties of the systems investigated. The light yield is about 20 000 +/- 2000 photons per MeV of absorbed gamma-ray energy, the energy resolution for the 662 keV photopeak is 8.8%+/- 0.9%, and the scintillation decay time is 390 +/- 40 ns. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schweizer, S (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. EM stefan.schweizer@uni-paderborn.de RI Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang/F-1853-2010 OI Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang/0000-0002-9997-6841 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 034901 DI 10.1063/1.2432306 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100156 ER PT J AU Yan, BJ Jiang, CS Teplin, CW Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM Yang, J Guha, S AF Yan, Baojie Jiang, C. -S. Teplin, C. W. Moutinho, H. R. Al-Jassim, M. M. Yang, Jeffrey Guha, Subhendu TI Local current flow in amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase silicon solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; HYDROGEN DILUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; FILMS; SI AB Local current flow in amorphous and nanocrystalline mixed-phase n-i-p silicon solar cells is measured using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and correlated to the material structure from Raman measurement. The C-AFM images show that the current is very low over the entire surface of the fully amorphous region. High current spikes are observed in the mixed-phase region, where the current spike corresponds to aggregations of nanocrystallites. The size of the nanocrystalline aggregations is on the order of a half micrometer in diameter. The density of the current spike increases from the mixed phase to the heavily nanocrystalline regions. A thick amorphous silicon buffer layer inserted between the p and i layers significantly reduced the magnitude of the current spike. The C-AFM measurements suggest that the mixed-phase cells can be considered as a two-phase parallel-connected diode structure, consistent with our previously proposed model. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 United Solar Ovan LLC, Troy, MI 48084 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, BJ (reprint author), United Solar Ovan LLC, 1100 W Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. EM byan@uni-solar.com RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033712 DI 10.1063/1.2435077 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100093 ER PT J AU Zhou, GW Eastman, JA Birtcher, RC Baldo, PM Pearson, JE Thompson, LJ Wang, L Yang, JC AF Zhou, G. -W. Eastman, J. A. Birtcher, R. C. Baldo, P. M. Pearson, J. E. Thompson, L. J. Wang, L. Yang, J. C. TI Composition effects on the early-stage oxidation kinetics of (001) Cu-Au alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SITU UHV-TEM; SURFACE SEGREGATION; THIN-FILMS; OXYGEN; CU(001); TEMPERATURE; CU(110); GROWTH; COPPER; ORDER AB An in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of the nucleation and growth of oxide islands during the early-stage oxidation of (001) Cu1-xAux alloys (x <= 38 at. %) was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of alloying on oxide island nucleation behavior and growth kinetics. The kinetic data reveal that Au enhances the nucleation density of oxide islands and suppresses their growth rate. Our results provide insight into reasons for the decreased passivation properties of Cu when alloyed with Au. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Eastman, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jeastman@anl.gov RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 AR 033521 DI 10.1063/1.2433714 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136UR UT WOS:000244250100062 ER PT J AU Jordanova, VK AF Jordanova, Vania K. TI Modeling geomagnetic storm dynamics: New results and challenges SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Huntsville Workshop on Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL DE ring current; plasma waves; proton arcs; radiation belts; numerical modeling ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; RICE CONVECTION MODEL; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RING CURRENT; MAIN-PHASE; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; PROTON; ACCELERATION; DIFFUSION AB Theoretical approaches to quantitatively model the dynamics of energetic ions and electrons in the coupled inner magnetosphere and the challenges they pose are briefly reviewed. Recent studies have shown the importance of high-resolution convection electric field models for reproducing ring current injection and morphology, and the necessity of development of models that calculate self-consistently the inner magnetospheric electric and magnetic fields. In situ observations have indicated that besides radial diffusion, local acceleration processes may contribute as well to the transport and energization of radiation belt particles, thus demonstrating the need of including self-consistent treatment of transport and wave instabilities in models. We present results from our physics-based model recently extended to relativistic energies, which solves the kinetic equation for H+, O+, and He+ ions and electrons, and simulates the global distribution and variability of these populations during geomagnetic storms. The model is coupled with a time-dependent plasmasphere model and includes time-varying plasma inflow from the magnetotail, both convective and diffusive transport, and losses due to collisions, dayside outflow, and self-consistent wave-particle interactions. The model reproduces well ring current buildup during the rapid main phase of the 21 October 2001 large geomagnetic storm with Dst = - 187 nT, but underestimates the second Dst = - 165 nT minimum on 23 October. New results from this coupled ring current-radiation belt model demonstrate that strong electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) and whistler mode waves may be excited by the anisotropic ring current populations during storm time. Our simulations of ring current dynamics during a detached proton auroral arc event observed with the instruments on IMAGE satellite show that pitch angle scattering by the EMIC waves causes significant proton precipitation into the atmosphere in the postnoon sector, in good agreement with observations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Jordanova, VK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vania@lanl.gov OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.016 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141CC UT WOS:000244553100008 ER PT J AU Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Ridley, AJ Thomsen, MF Henderson, MG Brandt, PC Mitchell, DG AF Liemohn, M. W. Kozyra, J. U. Ridley, A. J. Thomsen, M. F. Henderson, M. G. Brandt, P. C. Mitchell, D. G. TI Modeling the ring current response to a sawtooth oscillation event SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Huntsville Workshop on Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL DE ring current; geomagnetic storms; substorms; magnetosphere ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; ION COMPOSITION; IMAGE MISSION; DST INDEX; ENERGY; SUBSTORMS; DYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; POTENTIALS AB Inner magnetospheric modeling results for a global sawtooth oscillation event (that of April 18, 2002) are presented. Comparisons are made against Dst(*) and energetic neutral atom images of the hot ions in the inner magnetosphere to elucidate the ring current response. Several interesting findings emerge from the analysis. The model cannot reproduce the depth of the Dst(*) perturbation, but the ENA comparisons are quite good. Several explanations for this discrepancy are postulated. This study highlights the challenge presented to modelers by the phenomena known as global sawtooth oscillations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Liemohn, MW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci Lab, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM liemohn@umich.edu RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306 NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.07.016 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141CC UT WOS:000244553100009 ER PT J AU Hill, KK Smith, TJ Helma, CH Ticknor, LO Foley, BT Svensson, RT Brown, JL Johnson, EA Smith, LA Okinaka, RT Jackson, PJ Marks, JD AF Hill, K. K. Smith, T. J. Helma, C. H. Ticknor, L. O. Foley, B. T. Svensson, R. T. Brown, J. L. Johnson, E. A. Smith, L. A. Okinaka, R. T. Jackson, P. J. Marks, J. D. TI Genetic diversity among botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridial strains SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; INFANT BOTULISM; B NEUROTOXIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BUTYRICUM STRAINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; A STRAINS; TOXIN; COMPLEX; INTERRELATIONSHIPS AB Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation for many diverse anaerobic spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria that have the common property of producing botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). The BoNTs are exoneurotoxins that can cause severe paralysis and death in humans and other animal species. A collection of 174 C botulinum strains was examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BoNT genes to examine the genetic diversity within this species. This collection contained representatives of each of the seven different serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A to BoNT/G). Analysis of the16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed previous identifications of at least four distinct genomic backgrounds (groups I to IV), each of which has independently acquired one or more BoNT genes through horizontal gene transfer. AFLP analysis provided higher resolution and could be used to further subdivide the four groups into subgroups. Sequencing of the BoNT genes from multiple strains of serotypes A, B, and E confirmed significant sequence variation within each serotype. Four distinct lineages within each of the BoNT A and B serotypes and five distinct lineages of serotype E strains were identified. The nucleotide sequences of the seven toxin genes of the serotypes were compared and showed various degrees of interrelatedness and recombination, as was previously noted for the nontoxic nonhemagglutinin gene, which is linked to the BoNT gene. These analyses contribute to the understanding of the evolution and phylogeny within this species and assist in the development of improved diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment of botulism. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Med Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Inst Food Res, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Marks, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, Rm 3C-38,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM marksj@anesthesia.ucsf.edu OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Ticknor, Lawrence/0000-0002-7967-7908 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056493] NR 49 TC 225 Z9 229 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 189 IS 3 BP 818 EP 832 DI 10.1128/JB.01180-06 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134VJ UT WOS:000244112100016 PM 17114256 ER PT J AU Tang, YJ Meadows, AL Kirby, J Keasling, JD AF Tang, Yinjie J. Meadows, Adam L. Kirby, James Keasling, Jay D. TI Anaerobic central metabolic pathways in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reinterpreted in the light of isotopic metabolite Labeling SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; AMINO-ACIDS; GEOBACTER-METALLIREDUCENS; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; REDUCING BACTERIUM; CR(VI) REDUCTION; FATTY-ACIDS; GROWTH AB It has been proposed that during growth under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 uses the serine-isocitrate lyase pathway common to many methylotrophic anaerobes, in which formaldehyde produced from pyruvate is condensed with glycine to form serine. The serine is then transformed through hydroxypyruvate and glycerate to enter central metabolism at phosphoglycerate. To examine its use of the serine-isocitrate lyase pathway under anaerobic conditions, we grew S. oneidensis MR-1 on [1-C-13] lactate as the sole carbon source, with either trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) or fumarate as an electron acceptor. Analysis of cellular metabolites indicated that a large percentage (> 70%) of lactate was partially oxidized to either acetate or pyruvate. The C-13 isotope distributions in amino acids and other key metabolites indicate that under anaerobic conditions, although glyoxylate synthesized from the isocitrate lyase reaction can be converted to glycine, a complete serine-isocitrate pathway is not present and serine/glycine is, in fact, oxidized via a highly reversible degradation pathway. The labeling data also suggest significant activity in the anapleurotic (malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) reactions. Although the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is often observed to be incomplete in many other anaerobes (absence of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity), isotopic labeling supports the existence of a complete TCA cycle in S. oneidensis MR-1 under certain anaerobic conditions, e.g., TMAO-reducing conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biomed Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Synthet Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, 717 Potter St,Bldg 977,Mail Code 3224, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 189 IS 3 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1128/JB.00926-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134VJ UT WOS:000244112100024 PM 17114268 ER PT J AU Tang, Y Pingitore, F Mukhopadhyay, A Phan, R Hazen, TC Keasling, JD AF Tang, Yinjie Pingitore, Francesco Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila Phan, Richard Hazen, Terry C. Keasling, Jay D. TI Pathway confirmation and flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPOMER MAPPING MATRICES; SULFIDE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; CENTRAL CARBON METABOLISM; CITRIC-ACID CYCLE; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CITRATE SYNTHASE; MERCURY METHYLATION; HYDROGEN AB Flux distribution in central metabolic pathways of Desuffiovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough was examined using C-13 tracer experiments. Consistent with the current genome annotation and independent evidence from enzyme activity assays, the isotopomer results from both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) indicate the lack of an oxidatively functional tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and an incomplete pentose phosphate pathway. Results from this study suggest that fluxes through both pathways are limited to biosynthesis. The data also indicate that > 80% of the lactate was converted to acetate and that the reactions involved are the primary route of energy production [NAD(P)H and ATP production]. Independently of the TCA cycle, direct cleavage of acetyl coenzyme A to CO and 5,10-methyl tetrahydrofuran also leads to production of NADH and ATP. Although the genome annotation implicates a ferredoxin-dependent oxoglutarate synthase, isotopic evidence does not support flux through this reaction in either the oxidative or the reductive mode; therefore, the TCA cycle is incomplete. FT-ICR MS was used to locate the labeled carbon distribution in aspartate and glutamate and confirmed the presence of an atypical enzyme for citrate formation suggested in previous reports [the citrate synthesized by this enzyme is the isotopic antipode of the citrate synthesized by the (S)-citrate synthase]. These findings enable a better understanding of the relation between genome annotation and actual metabolic pathways in D. vulgaris and also demonstrate that FT-ICR MS is a powerful tool for isotopomer analysis, overcoming the problems with both GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Berkeley Ctr Synth Biol, 717 Potter St, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 57 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 189 IS 3 BP 940 EP 949 DI 10.1128/JB.00948-06 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134VJ UT WOS:000244112100029 PM 17114264 ER PT J AU Maeder, DL Anderson, I Brettin, TS Bruce, DC Gilna, P Han, CS Lapidus, A Metcalf, WW Saunders, E Tapia, R Sowers, KR AF Maeder, Dennis L. Anderson, Iain Brettin, Thomas S. Bruce, David C. Gilna, Paul Han, Cliff S. Lapidus, Alla Metcalf, William W. Saunders, Elizabeth Tapia, Roxanne Sowers, Kevin R. TI The Methanosarcina barkeri genome: Comparative analysis with Methanosarcina acetivorans and Methanosarcina mazei reveals extensive rearrangement within methanosarcinal genomes (vol 188, pg 7922, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Columbus Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Chem & Life Sci Lab B103, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Maeder, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Columbus Ctr, Suite 236,701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RI Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 189 IS 4 BP 1488 EP 1488 DI 10.1128/JB.01858-06 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 137FY UT WOS:000244279600037 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, JV Saraiva, LM Abreu, IA Teixeira, M Cabelli, DE AF Rodrigues, Joao V. Saraiva, Ligia M. Abreu, Isabel A. Teixeira, Miguel Cabelli, Diane E. TI Superoxide reduction by Archaeoglobus fulgidus desulfoferrodoxin: comparison with neelaredoxin SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Archaeoglobus; desulfoferrodoxin; neelaredoxin; superoxide; rubredoxin ID NONHEME IRON PROTEIN; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; OXYGEN DETOXIFICATION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; RUBREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASE; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; MECHANISM; DISMUTASE AB Superoxide reductases (SORs) are non-heme iron-containing enzymes that remove superoxide by reducing it to hydrogen peroxide. The active center of SORs consists of a ferrous ion coordinated by four histidines and one cysteine in a square-pyramidal geometry. In the 2Fe-SOR, a distinct family of SORs, there is an additional desulforedoxin-like site that does not appear to be involved in SOR activity. Our previous studies on recombinant Archaeoglobus fulgidus neelaredoxin (1Fe-SOR) have shown that the reaction with superoxide involves the formation of a transient ferric form that, upon protonation, decays to yield an Fe3+-OH species, followed by binding of glutamate to the ferric ion via replacement of hydroxide (Rodrigues et al. in Biochemistry 45:9266-9278, 2006). Here, we report the characterization of recombinant desulfoferrodoxin from the same organism, which is a member of the 2Fe-SOR family, and show that the steps involved in the superoxide reduction are similar in both families of SOR. The electron donation to the SOR from its redox partner, rubredoxin, is also presented here. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Teixeira, M (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Av Republ EAN, P-2784505 Oeiras, Portugal. EM miguel@itqb.unl.pt RI Rodrigues, Joao/B-4235-2008; Saraiva, Ligia/H-8537-2012; Teixeira, Miguel/A-9098-2011; Abreu, Isabel/I-5081-2013; Rodrigues, Joao/B-4877-2016 OI Rodrigues, Joao/0000-0002-5605-656X; Saraiva, Ligia/0000-0002-0675-129X; Teixeira, Miguel/0000-0003-4124-6237; Abreu, Isabel/0000-0002-5566-2146; Rodrigues, Joao/0000-0002-5605-656X NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00775-006-0182-x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 131XN UT WOS:000243905800010 PM 17066300 ER PT J AU Liao, J Yang, L Grashow, J Sacks, MS AF Liao, Jun Yang, Lin Grashow, Jonathan Sacks, Michael S. TI The relation between collagen fibril kinematics and mechanical properties in the mitral valve anterior leaflet SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE collogen fibril kinematics; biaxial viscoelastic properties; collagen D-period; mitral valve leaflets; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CONNECTIVE TISSUES; STRESS-RELAXATION; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TENDON COLLAGEN; BIAXIAL STRETCH; STRAIN; CREEP; LIGAMENT AB We have recently demonstrated that the mitral valve anterior leaflet (MVAL) exhibited minimal hysteresis, no strain rate sensitivity, stress relaxation but not creep (Grashow et al., 2006, Ann Biomed Eng., 34(2), pp. 315-325; Grashow et al., 2006, Ann Biomed. Eng., 34(10), pp. 1509-1518). However the underlying structural basis for this unique quasi-elastic mechanical behavior is presently unknown. As collagen is the major structural component of the MVAL, we investigated the relation between collagen fibril kinematics (rotation and stretch) and tissue-level mechanical properties in the MVAL under biaxial loading using small angle X-ray scattering. A novel device was developed and utilized to perform simultaneous measurements of tissue level forces and strain under a planar biaxial loading state. Collagen fibril D-period strain (epsilon(D)) and the fibrillar angular distribution were measured under equibiaxial tension, creep, and stress relaxation to a peak tension of 90 N/m. Results indicated that, under equibiaxial tension, collagen fibril, straining did not initiate until the end of the nonlinear region of the tissue-level stress-strain curve. At higher tissue tension levels, epsilon(D) increased linearly with increasing tension. Changes in the angular distribution of the collagen fibrils mainly occurred in the tissue toe region. Using epsilon(D), the tangent modulus of collagen fibrils was estimated to be 95.5 +/- 25.5 MPa, which was similar to 27 times higher than the tissue tensile tangent modulus of. 3.58 +/- 1.83 MPa. In creep tests performed at 90 N/m equibiaxial tension for 60 min, both tissue strain and epsilon(D) remained constant with no observable changes over the test length. In contrast, in stress relaxation tests performed for 90 min epsilon(D) was found to rapidly decrease in the first 10 min followed by a slower decay rate for the remainder of the test. Using a single exponential model, the time constant for the reduction in collagen fibril strain was 8.3 min, which was smaller than the tissue-level stress relaxation time constants of 22.0 and 16.9 min in the circumferential and radial directions, respectively Moreover there was no change in the fibril angular distribution under both creep and stress relaxation over the test period. Our results suggest that (1) the MVAL collagen fibrils do not exhibit intrinsic viscoelastic behavior, (2) tissue relaxation results from the removal of stress from the fibrils, possibly by a slipping mechanism modulated by non-collagenous components (e.g. proteoglycans), and (3) the lack of creep but the occurrence of stress relaxation suggests a "load-locking" behavior under maintained loading conditions. These unique mechanical characteristics are likely necessary for normal valvular function. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Engineered Tissue Mech Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Engineered Tissue Mech Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Regenerat Med, Engineered Tissue Mech Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sacks, MS (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Engineered Tissue Mech Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM msacks@pitt.edu RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL052009] NR 52 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1115/1.2401186 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 130CZ UT WOS:000243778300010 PM 17227101 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Bissell, MJ AF Kenny, Paraic A. Bissell, Mina J. TI Targeting TACE-dependent EGFR ligand shedding in breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CELL LUNG-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; CONVERTING-ENZYME; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DISTINCT ROLES; IN-VIVO; AMPHIREGULIN; GEFITINIB AB The ability to proliferate independently of signals from other cell types is a fundamental characteristic of tumor cells. Using a 3D culture model of human breast cancer progression, we have delineated a protease-dependent autocrine loop that provides an oncogenic stimulus in the absence of proto-oncogene mutation. Targeting this protease, TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE; also referred to as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17]), with small molecular inhibitors or siRNAs reverted the malignant phenotype in a breast cancer cell line by preventing mobilization of 2 crucial growth factors, TGF-alpha. and amphiregulin. We show that TACE-dependent ligand shedding was prevalent in a series of additional breast cancer cell lines and, in all cases examined, was amenable to inhibition. Using existing patient outcome data, we demonstrated a strong correlation between TACE and TGFA expression in human breast cancers that was predictive of poor prognosis. Tumors resulting from inappropriate activation of the EGFR were common in multiple tissues and were, for the most part, refractory to current targeted therapies. The data presented here delineate the molecular mechanism by which constitutive EGFR activity may be achieved in tumor progression without mutation of the EGFR itself or downstream pathway components and suggest that this important oncogenic pathway might usefully be targeted upstream of the receptor. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kenny, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS977-225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [2 R01 CA064786-09, R01 CA064786, BC012005] NR 43 TC 168 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 117 IS 2 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1172/JCI29518 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 133ZD UT WOS:000244051500013 PM 17218988 ER PT J AU Faiz, M Mekki, A Mun, BS Hussain, Z AF Faiz, M. Mekki, A. Mun, B. S. Hussain, Z. TI Investigation of vanadium-sodium silicate glasses using XANES spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE XANES; vanadium-sodium silicate glasses; VL2,3 edges; OK edge ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; 3D TRANSITION-METALS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; VALENCE STATES; SPECTRA; OXIDES; PHASE; EDGES AB X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy has been used to investigate the electronic and atomic structure of (V2O5)(x)(Na2O)(0.30)(SiO2)(0.70-x)(x < 0.1) glasses obtained by melt-quench technique. The results show no sign of metallic clustering of V atoms, but mixed oxidation states (+4 and +5) of V and strong V3d-O2p hybridization in the glasses. Detailed analysis has revealed that the glass samples contain about 15% V4+ and 85% V5+ and the ligand-field splitting is about 1.6 ev (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 KFUPM, Dept Phys, Surface Sci Lab, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faiz, M (reprint author), KFUPM, Dept Phys, Surface Sci Lab, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. EM mmfaiz@kfupm.edu.sa RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 154 IS 3 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.11.006 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 148IJ UT WOS:000245067700004 ER PT J AU Petrova, AE Bauer, ED Krasnorussky, VN Stishov, SM AF Petrova, A. E. Bauer, E. D. Krasnorussky, V. N. Stishov, S. M. TI Anomalous behavior of the electrical resistivity of MnSi near the ferromagnetic phase transition SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; HELIMAGNETS; METAL AB The results of measuring the electrical resistivity of a MnSi single crystal near the ferromagnetic phase transition at atmospheric and high pressures are reported. In contrast to the previous works, compressed helium is used as a pressure-transferring medium. It is shown that the temperature derivative of the electrical resistivity has the form of sharp maximum on the phase-transition line over the entire its length. Moreover, the observed maxima have a fine structure exhibiting a pronounced shoulder at temperatures slightly higher (by approximately 0.5 K) than the peak temperature, which indicates the existence of nontrivial fluctuations in the paramagnetic phase of MnSi. This feature disappears at a pressure of about 0.35 GPa, which corresponds to the tricritical-point coordinate. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrova, AE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 104 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1134/S1063776107010050 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 137RS UT WOS:000244310300005 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Leakey, ADB Heady, LE Gibon, Y Stitt, M Schurr, U AF Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Rogers, Alistair Leakey, Andrew D. B. Heady, Lindsey E. Gibon, Yves Stitt, Mark Schurr, Ulrich TI Does elevated atmospheric [CO(2)] alter diurnal C uptake and the balance of C and N metabolites in growing and fully expanded soybean leaves? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE amino acids; elevated [CO(2)]; FACE; Glycine max; hexose; starch; sucrose; ureide ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; UREIDE DEGRADATION; TOBACCO PLANTS; LEAF POSITION; N-2 FIXATION; WHOLE-PLANT; AMINO-ACIDS; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FACE AB Increases in growth at elevated [CO(2)] may be constrained by a plant's ability to assimilate the nutrients needed for new tissue in sufficient quantity to match the increase in carbon fixation and/or the ability to transport those nutrients and carbon in sufficient quantity to growing organs and tissues. Analysis of metabolites provides an indication of shifts in carbon and nitrogen partitioning due to rising atmospheric [CO(2)] and can help identify where bottlenecks in carbon utilization occur. In this study, the carbon and nitrogen balance was investigated in growing and fully expanded soybean leaves exposed to elevated [CO(2)] in a free air CO(2) enrichment experiment. Diurnal photosynthesis and diurnal profiles of carbon and nitrogen metabolites were measured during two different crop growth stages. Diurnal carbon gain was increased by c. 20% in elevated [CO(2)] in fully expanded leaves, which led to significant increases in leaf hexose, sucrose, and starch contents. However, there was no detectable difference in nitrogen-rich amino acids and ureides in mature leaves. By contrast to mature leaves, developing leaves had high concentrations of ureides and amino acids relative to low concentrations of carbohydrates. Developing leaves at elevated [CO(2)] had smaller pools of ureides compared with developing leaves at ambient [CO(2)], which suggests N assimilation in young leaves was improved by elevated [CO(2)]. This work shows that elevated [CO(2)] alters the balance of carbon and nitrogen pools in both mature and growing soybean leaves, which could have down-stream impacts on growth and productivity. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Juelich Res Ctr, ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Ainsworth, EA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ainswort@uiuc.edu RI Gibon, Yves/B-9919-2011; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 49 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 41 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 58 IS 3 BP 579 EP 591 DI 10.1093/jxb/erl233 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 139JP UT WOS:000244428400019 PM 17158509 ER PT J AU Burdman, G Chacko, Z Goh, HS Harnik, R AF Burdman, Gustavo Chacko, Z. Goh, Hock-Seng Harnik, Roni TI Folded supersymmetry and the LEP paradox SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE beyond standard model; supersymmetry phenomenology; field theories in higher dimensions ID NEUTRON-ANTINEUTRON OSCILLATIONS; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; LARGE-N LIMIT; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; TECHNICOLOR THEORIES; STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE-THEORIES; HIGGS AB We present a new class of models that stabilize the weak scale against radiative corrections up to scales of order 5 TeV without large corrections to precision electroweak observables. In these 'folded supersymmetric' theories the one loop quadratic divergences of the Standard Model Higgs field are cancelled by opposite spin partners, but the gauge quantum numbers of these new particles are in general different from those of the conventional superpartners. This class of models is built around the correspondence that exists in the large N limit between the correlation functions of supersymmetric theories and those of their non-supersymmetric orbifold daughters. By identifying the mechanism which underlies the cancellation of one loop quadratic divergences in these theories, we are able to construct simple extensions of the Standard Model which are radiatively stable at one loop. Ultraviolet completions of these theories can be obtained by imposing suitable boundary conditions on an appropriate supersymmetric higher dimensional theory compactified down to four dimensions. We construct a specific model based on these ideas which stabilizes the weak scale up to about 20 TeV and where the states which cancel the top loop are scalars not charged under Standard Model color. Its collider signatures are distinct from conventional supersymmetric theories and include characteristic events with hard leptons and missing energy. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, R Matao 187, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM burdman@if.usp.br; zchacko@physics.arizona.edu; hsgoh@physics.arizona.edu; roni@slac.stanford.edu RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 72 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 IS 2 AR 009 PG 35 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 148MG UT WOS:000245078200009 ER PT J AU Kayaba, Y Aoki, S Fukugita, M Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Ukawa, A Yoshie, T AF Kayaba, Yasuhisa Aoki, Sinya Fukugita, Masataka Iwasaki, Yoichi Kanaya, Kazuyuki Kuramashi, Yoshinobu Okawa, Masanori Ukawa, Akira Yoshie, Tomoteru TI First nonperturbative test of a relativistic heavy quark action in quenched lattice QCD SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lattice QCD; heavy quark physics; lattice gauge field theories; lattice quantum field theory ID IMPROVEMENT COEFFICIENTS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; PERTURBATIVE DETERMINATION; O(A) IMPROVEMENT AB We perform a numerical test of a relativistic heavy quark(RHQ) action, recently proposed by Tsukuba group, in quenched lattice QCD at a similar or equal to 0.1 fm. With the use of the improvement parameters previously determined at one-loop level for the RHQ action, we investigate a restoration of rotational symmetry for heavy-heavy and heavy-light meson systems around the charm quark mass. We focused on two quantities, the meson dispersion relation and the pseudo-scalar meson decay constants. It is shown that the RHQ action significantly reduces the discretization errors due to the charm quark mass. We also calculate the S-state hyperfine splittings for the charmonium and charmed-strange mesons and the D-s meson decay constant. The remaining discretization errors in the physical quantities are discussed. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Kayaba, Y (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM kayaba@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; saoki@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; ukugita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; iwasaki@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; kanaya@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; kuramasi@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; okawa@sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; ukawa@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; yoshie@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 IS 2 AR 019 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 148MG UT WOS:000245078200019 ER PT J AU LeMone, MA Chen, F Alfieri, JG Tewari, M Geerts, B Miao, Q Grossman, RL Coulter, RL AF LeMone, Margaret A. Chen, Fei Alfieri, Joseph G. Tewari, Mukul Geerts, Bart Miao, Qun Grossman, Robert L. Coulter, Richard L. TI Influence of land cover and soil moisture on the horizontal distribution of sensible and latent heat fluxes in southeast Kansas during IHOP_2002 and CASES-97 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE-SURFACE EXCHANGE; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VERTICAL VELOCITY; FAIR-WEATHER; AIRCRAFT; HETEROGENEITY; FIFE; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY; RADAR AB Analyses of daytime fair-weather aircraft and surface-flux tower data from the May-June 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) and the April-May 1997 Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study (CASES-97) are used to document the role of vegetation, soil moisture, and terrain in determining the horizontal variability of latent heat LE and sensible heat H along a 46-km flight track in southeast Kansas. Combining the two field experiments clearly reveals the strong influence of vegetation cover, with H maxima over sparse/dormant vegetation, and H minima over green vegetation; and, to a lesser extent, LE maxima over green vegetation, and LE minima over sparse/dormant vegetation. If the small number of cases is producing the correct trend, other effects of vegetation and the impact of soil moisture emerge through examining the slope Delta xyLE/Delta H-xy for the best-fit straight line for plots of time-averaged LE as a function of time-averaged H over the area. Based on the surface energy balance, H + LE = R-net - G(sfc), where Rnet is the net radiation and Gsfc is the flux into the soil; R-net - G(sfc) similar to constant over the area implies an approximately -1 slope. Right after rainfall, H and LE vary too little horizontally to define a slope. After sufficient drying to produce enough horizontal variation to define a slope, a steep (similar to -2) slope emerges. The slope becomes shallower and better defined with time as H and LE horizontal variability increases. Similarly, the slope becomes more negative with moister soils. In addition, the slope can change with time of day due to phase differences in H and LE. These trends are based on land surface model (LSM) runs and observations collected under nearly clear skies; the vegetation is unstressed for the days examined. LSM runs suggest terrain may also play a role, but observational support is weak. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Foothills Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP LeMone, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Foothills Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM lemone@ucar.edu RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 NR 40 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 8 IS 1 BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1175/JHM554.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 142EL UT WOS:000244632100005 ER PT J AU Vasinonta, A Beuth, JL Griffith, M AF Vasinonta, Aditad Beuth, Jack L. Griffith, Michelle TI Process maps for predicting residual stress and melt pool size in the laser-based fabrication of thin-walled structures SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION; DIRECT METAL-DEPOSITION; SURFACE AB Thermomechanical models are presented for the building of thin-walled structures by laser-based solid freeform fabrication (SFF) processes. Thermal simulations are used to develop quasi-non-dimensional plots (termed process maps) that quantify the effects of changes in wall height, laser power, deposition speed, and part preheating on thermal gradients, with the goal of limiting residual stresses in manufactured components. Mechanical simulations are used to demonstrate the link between thermal gradients and maximum final residual stresses. The approach taken is analogous to that taken in previous research by the authors in developing process maps for melt pool length, for maintaining an optimal melt pool size during component fabrication. Process maps are tailored for application to the laser engineered net shaping process; however the general approach, insights, and conclusions are applicable to most SFF processes involving a moving heat source, and to other laser-based fusion processes. Results from the residual stress simulations identify two mechanisms for reducing residual stresses and quantify maximum stress reductions achievable through manipulation of all process variables. Results from thermal gradient and melt pool length process maps are used to identify a manufacturing strategy for obtaining a consistent melt pool size while limiting residual stress in a thin-walled part. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Proc Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vasinonta, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM beuth@andrew.cmu.edu NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 57 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1115/1.2335852 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 139YD UT WOS:000244467900011 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Wu, ZX AF Sabau, Adrian S. Wu, Zhuoxi TI Evaluation of a heat flux sensor for spray cooling for the die casting processes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE die casting; die lubrication; heat flux sensor; heat flux measurement; spray cooling; heat transfer AB During the die casting process, lubricants are sprayed in order to cool the dies and facilitate the ejection of the casting. In this paper, a new technique for measuring the heat flux during lubricant application is evaluated. Data from experiments conducted using water spray are first presented. Water spray experiments were conducted for different initial plate temperatures. Measurements were conducted for the application of two different lubricants, of dilution ratios of 1/15 and 1/50 of lubricant in water. The measurement uncertainties were documented. The results show that the surface temperature decreases initially very fast. Numerical simulation results confirmed that the abrupt temperature drop is not an artifact but illustrates the thermal shock experienced by the dies during the initial stages of lubricant application. The lubricant experiments show that the sensor can be successfully used for testing die lubricants with typical dilution ratios encountered in the die casting process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Bldg 4508,MS 6083,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 312 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.07.039 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 118CG UT WOS:000242919000047 ER PT J AU Meyer, LW Herzig, N Halle, T Hahn, F Krueger, L Staudhammer, KP AF Meyer, L. W. Herzig, N. Halle, T. Hahn, F. Krueger, L. Staudhammer, K. P. TI A basic approach for strain rate dependent energy conversion including heat transfer effects: An experimental and numerical study SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy conversion; mechanical behavior; simulation ID PLASTIC WORK; STORED ENERGY; COLD WORK; RATE DEFORMATION; METALS; PARTITION; FRACTION; MODEL AB Within this study the mechanical behavior of 1045 steel is characterized under compressive loading and at strain rates ranging from 10(-3) to 10(3) s(-1). To describe the measured behavior a new basic approach including rate dependent energy conversion under consideration of heat transfer effects is developed. Common phenomenological and semi-empiric constitutive relations are modified. A comparison of modelled and measured data shows a good agreement between measured and modelled values as well as between modified and non-modified constitutive relations. By applying this method isothermal flow curves of 1045 steel can be developed easily and show a good agreement with measured ones. The model of Zerilli-Armstrong seems to be the best approximation for this assignment. Implementing of the modified constitutive relations into FE-Software Deform2D allows to consider temperature effects by thermal decoupled simulations. A comparison of both sequentially coupled and decoupled calculations yield to identical results, whereby, by use of modified constitutive relations a reduction of computation time up to 20% is reached. The method is transferable to real fortriing processes with similar contact, loading and temperature conditions. Validation calculations on a simple forward extrusion process confirm these results and yield to a reduction of computation time up to 30%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. Nordmet GmbH, D-09235 Burkhardtsdorf, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herzig, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. EM norman.herzig@mb.tu-chemnitz.de RI Halle, Thorsten/E-6411-2010; OI Halle, Thorsten/0000-0001-6833-7281 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD FEB 2 PY 2007 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.07.040 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 118CG UT WOS:000242919000048 ER PT J AU Kurokawa, H Lau, GY Jacobson, CP De Jonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Kurokawa, Hideto Lau, Grace Y. Jacobson, Craig P. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. TI Water-based binder system for SOFC porous steel substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porous metal; 410L; stainless steel; binder system; SOFC ID INJECTION-MOLDED COMPACTS; OXIDE FUEL-CELL; STAINLESS-STEEL; POWDER; INTERCONNECTOR; CORROSION; HYDROGEN; ALLOY AB Porous stainless steel alloys are candidates for the support structure of thin-film solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures (873-1073 K). A difficulty is maintaining substrates at sufficient porosity during co-firing of the SOFC membranes. This problem depends significantly on the nature of the binder that is used to assist in initial processing. A water-based acrylic polymer suspension and polyethylene glycol (PEG) system was developed to obtain an appropriate mixture of acrylic/PEG/410L alloy suitable for co-firing with the electrode and electrolyte layers. The shrinkage and final density of samples decreased gradually with increasing acrylic or PEG content. Increasing the ratio of (acrylic + PEG)/metal alloy from 21 to 27 wt.% and decreasing the ratio of acrylic/(acrylic + PEG) from 19 to 10% decreased final alloy density drastically, from 77 to 50% for 410L powder with a particle size between 24 and 45 mu m after firing at 1573 K for 4 h. The amount of acrylic binder had a stronger effect on shrinkage than PEG. As expected, smaller alloy particles increased the final density of the porous alloy substrate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kurokawa, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 62R203,MSD,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HKurokawa@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.09.031 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 118CG UT WOS:000242919000070 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Liu, FX Liao, HH Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Liu, F. X. Liao, H. H. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI In situ thermographic observations on the compression behavior of a relaxed Zr-based bulk-metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STRAIN RATE DEFORMATION; SHEAR BANDS; SERRATED FLOW; PLASTIC-FLOW; RATE DEPENDENCE; DYNAMIC COMPRESSION; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOW; TEMPERATURE RISE AB Using an infrared camera, the plastic deformation of a relaxed Zr(52.5)Cu(17.9)Ni(14.6)Al(10.0)T(5.0) bulk-metallic glass in a moderately high strain rate compression was observed in situ. The specimen exhibits an inhomogeneous deformation, which is manifested by serrated plastic flow, shear banding, and obvious work softening. Shear-banding operations were observed throughout the plastic deformation. Shear-banding operations started before the nominal yielding; shear bands could not block each other, but their interaction seems to accelerate the plastic deformation. A significant increase in the specimen's temperature was observed due to shear banding. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0041 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 136GO UT WOS:000244210800015 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Ott, RT Sordelet, DJ AF Kramer, M. J. Ott, R. T. Sordelet, D. J. TI Anisotropic atomic structure in a homogeneously deformed metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXCESS FREE-VOLUME; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DEFORMATION AB The anisotropic atomic structure in a Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glass strained during uniaxial tensile creep at 598 K was studied at room temperature using high-energy x-ray diffraction. Changes in the atomic structure were examined by comparing the total scattering function [S(Q)] and the reduced pair distribution function [G(r)] of the creep to that of a companion specimen subjected to the same heat treatment only. Two-dimensional maps of the AS(Q) and its Fourier transformation demonstrate the distribution in the bond orientation anisotropy increases with increasing total strain. A fit of the reduced pair distribution function using a simplified two-component model suggests that the bond length changes in the deformed creep samples are not uniform. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0044 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 136GO UT WOS:000244210800017 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Egami, T AF Dmowski, Wojtek Egami, Takeshi TI Observation of structural anisotropy in metallic glasses induced by mechanical deformation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PLASTICITY AB We have investigated atomic structure of a Fe81B13Si4C2 metallic glass after mechanical creep deformation. We determined the structure function and pair density function resolved for azimuthal angle using x-ray scattering and a two-dimensional detector. The results are analyzed by the spherical harmonics expansion, and are compared to the often-used simple analysis of the anisotropic pair density function determined by measuring the structure function along two directions with respect to the stress. We observed uniaxial structural anisotropy in a sample deformed during creep experiment. The observed macroscopic shear strain is explained in terms of local bond anisotropy induced by deformation at elevated temperature. The bond anisotropy is a "memory" of this deformation after load was removed. We showed that use of sine-Fourier transformation to anisotropic glass results in systematic errors in the atomic pair distribution function. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0043 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 136GO UT WOS:000244210800020 ER PT J AU Fan, C Gao, YF Li, HQ Choo, H Liaw, PK Inoue, A Liu, CT AF Fan, Cang Gao, Y. F. Li, H. Q. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. Inoue, A. Liu, C. T. TI Mechanical behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass and its composite at cryogenic temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PLASTICITY; COMPOUND; STRENGTH; FLOW AB The mechanical behavior of Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and in situ Ta-particle-containing composites (BMGCs) was investigated at 77 K. Their strengths increased significantly whereas the plastic strains remained at comparable levels, when compared to that at 298 K. The interaction between shear bands and particles shows that shear extension in particles has limited penetration, and shear bands build Lip around particles. Pair distribution functions (PDFs), which carried Out at cryogenic and ambient temperatures on the as-cast Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses, were studied, and simulations with reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) were performed by combining icosahedral and Cubic Structures as the initial Structures. Based on the Studies of the pair distribution functions and the Reverse Monte Carlo simulations, the concept of free volume was defined-spaces between clusters with longer bond lengths of atom pairs; the structural model of BMGs was proposed-the strongly bonded Clusters correlated with each other and separated by free Volume. An attempt has been made to connect the relationship between amorphous structures and their mechanical properties. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Fan, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. EM cfan@utk.edu RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0054 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 136GO UT WOS:000244210800024 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Kim, CP Almer, JD Lienert, U Ustundag, E Johnson, WL AF Lee, S. Y. Kim, C. P. Almer, J. D. Lienert, U. Ustundag, E. Johnson, W. L. TI Pseudo-binary phase diagram for Zr-based in situ beta phase composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENDRITE DISPERSIONS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TUNGSTEN; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The pseudo-binary (quasi-equilibrium) phase diagram for Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with crystalline in situ precipitates (beta phase) has been constructed from high-temperature phase information and chemical composition analysis. The phase evolution was detected in situ by high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld analysis of the data for volume fraction estimation. The phase diagram delineates phase fields and allows the control of phase fractions. Combined with related previous work by the authors, this diagram offers a unique opportunity to control both the morphology and volume of the dendritic beta phase precipitates to enhance the properties of the composites. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sylee@iastate.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 22 IS 2 BP 538 EP 543 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0066 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 136GO UT WOS:000244210800036 ER PT J AU Munger, CT AF Munger, Charles Thomas TI Ideal basis sets for the Dirac Coulomb problem: Eigenvalue bounds and convergence proofs SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOM; 2-PHOTON DECAY-RATES; GREEN-FUNCTION; STURMIAN EXPANSION; FINITE BASIS; LI-LIKE; IONS; ENERGY; EQUATION; POLARIZABILITY AB Basis sets are developed for the Dirac Coulomb Hamiltonian for which the resulting numerical eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are proved mathematically to have all the following properties: to converge to the exact eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, with necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence being known; to have neither missing nor spurious states; to maintain the Coulomb symmetries between eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the opposite sign of the Dirac quantum number kappa; to have positive eigenvalues bounded from below by the corresponding exact eigenvalues; and to have negative eigenvalues bounded from above by -mc(2). All these properties are maintained using functions that may be analytic or nonanalytic (e.g., Slater functions or splines); that match the noninteger power dependence of the exact eigenfunctions at the origin, or that do not; or that extend to +infinity as do the exact eigenfunctions, or that vanish outside a cavity of large radius R (convergence then occurring after a second limit, R ->infinity). The same basis sets can be used without modification for potentials other than the Coulomb, such as the potential of a finite distribution of nuclear charge, or a screened Coulomb potential; the error in a numerical eigenvalue is shown to be second order in the departure of the potential from the Coulomb. In certain bases of Sturmian functions the numerical eigenvalues can be related to the zeros of the Pollaczek polynomials. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Munger, CT (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Sand Hill Rd,Mail Stop 59,Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM charles@slac.stanford.edu NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 AR 022301 DI 10.1063/1.2435595 PG 50 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 140UA UT WOS:000244531000004 ER PT J AU Elias, DA Yang, F Mottaz, HM Beliaev, AS Lipton, MS AF Elias, Dwayne A. Yang, Feng Mottaz, Heather M. Beliaev, Alexander S. Lipton, Mary S. TI Enrichment of functional redox reactive proteins and identification by mass spectrometry results in several terminal Fe(III)-reducing candidate proteins in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Shewanella; proteomics; metal-reduction; metal reductase ID URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; DESULFURICANS STRAIN G20; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; OUTER-MEMBRANE; CYTOCHROME C(3); LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; TIME INFORMATION AB Identification of the proteins directly involved in microbial metal-reduction is important to understanding the biochemistry involved in heavy metal-reduction/immobilization and the ultimate cleanup of DOE contaminated sites. Although previous strategies for the identification of these proteins have traditionally required laborious protein purification/characterization of metal-reducing capability, activity is often lost before the final purification step, thus creating a significant knowledge gap. In the current study, subcellular fractions of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were enriched for Fe(Ill)-NTA reducing proteins in a single step using several orthogonal column matrices. The protein content of eluted fractions that demonstrated activity was determined by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A comparison of the proteins identified from active fractions in all separations produced 30 proteins that may act as the terminal electron-accepting protein for Fe(III)-reduction. These include MtrA, MtrB, MtrC and OmcA as well as a number of other proteins not previously associated with Fe (I I I)-reduction. This is the first report of such an approach where the laborious procedures for protein purification are not required for identification of metal-reducing proteins. Such work provides the basis for a similar approach with other cultured organisms as well as analysis of sediment and groundwater samples from biostimulation efforts at contaminated sites. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Envrionm & Mol Sci Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Envrionm & Mol Sci Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Mary.Lipton@pnl.gov RI Elias, Dwayne/B-5190-2011; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016 OI Elias, Dwayne/0000-0002-4469-6391; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.023 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 138SK UT WOS:000244382400024 PM 17137661 ER PT J AU Dickrell, DJ Dugger, MT AF Dickrell, Daniel J., III Dugger, Michael T. TI Silicone oil contamination and electrical contact resistance degradation of low-force gold contacts SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE contact resistance; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); silicones; surface contamination AB Hot-switched low-force gold electrical contact testing was performed using a nanomechanical test apparatus to ascertain the sensitivity of simulated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) contact to silicone oil contamination. The observed cyclic contact resistance degradation was dependent on both closure rate and noncontact applied voltage. The decomposition of silicone oil from electrical arcing was hypothesized as the degradation mechanism. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickrell, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM djd3@ufl.edu NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.885984 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 139LW UT WOS:000244434300004 ER PT J AU Schmitt, A Fendt, M Zink, M Ebert, U Starke, M Berthold, M Herb, A Petroianu, G Falkai, P Henn, FA AF Schmitt, A. Fendt, M. Zink, M. Ebert, U. Starke, M. Berthold, M. Herb, A. Petroianu, G. Falkai, P. Henn, F. A. TI Altered NMDA receptor expression and behavior following postnatal hypoxia: potential relevance to schizophrenia SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; schizophrenia; startle response; NMDA receptor; gene expression; prepulse inhibition; obstetric complications ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE; PREPULSE INHIBITION; BINDING-SITES; MESSENGER-RNA; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB The present study investigated the effects of chronic, repeated hypoxia during a postnatal vulnerable period. Acoustic startle response in adult rats was measured along with NMDA receptor binding and mRNA expression of subunits at postnatal days (PND) 11 and 120. Rats at PND 120 exhibited a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response. In PND 11 rats, chronic hypoxia decreased NMDA receptor binding and increased transcript expression of NR1 subunit in frontal and temporal regions, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, while NR2A subunit expression was downregulated in hippocampal subregions. At PND 120, gene expression of NR1 was still increased in hippocampal, frontal and temporal subregions as well as nucleus accumbens. A prepulse inhibition deficit points to schizophrenia-like behavior in adult (PND 120) rats. Compensatory upregulation of NR1 expression may occur due to NMDA receptor hypofunction. We discuss this animal model to further analyze effects of hypoxia as a factor of obstetric complications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. C1 Cent Inst Mental Hlth, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Inst Zool, Fac Biol, Tubingen, Germany. Abbott GMBH & Co KG, Neurosci Res, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Clin Neurobiol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. Univ Gottingen, Dept Psychiat, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Basel, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. RP Schmitt, A (reprint author), Cent Inst Mental Hlth, POB 12 21 20, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany. EM schmitt@zi-mannheim.de RI Fendt, Markus/G-1888-2013; OI Fendt, Markus/0000-0002-3451-1226 NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s00702-006-0440-7 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 127WC UT WOS:000243616000012 PM 17053874 ER PT J AU Du, JC Corrales, LR AF Du, Jincheng Corrales, L. Rene TI Understanding lanthanum aluminate glass structure by correlating molecular dynamics simulation results with neutron and X-ray scattering data SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction/scattering; X-ray diffraction; molecular dynamics; rare-earths in glasses; medium-range order; short-range order ID PHASE AB In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to characterize the atomic-level structure of the lanthanum aluminate Glass (LAG) glass. Partial structure factors and pair distribution functions obtained from the simulated glass structure are used to determine the contributions of specific components of the glass to the various peaks of neutron and X-ray diffraction data. The distinct contributions of each of the atom pairs reveal the observed differences in the structure factors and total distribution functions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.06.025 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 130TK UT WOS:000243821700015 ER PT J AU Pareige, P Miller, MK Stoller, RE Hoelzer, DT Cadel, E Radiguet, B AF Pareige, P. Miller, M. K. Stoller, R. E. Hoelzer, D. T. Cadel, E. Radiguet, B. TI Stability of nanometer-sized oxide clusters in mechanically-alloyed steel under ion-induced displacement cascade damage conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTHENED FERRITIC STEELS; 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; MICROSTRUCTURE; TI AB Oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels are being considered for a number of advanced nuclear reactor applications because of their high strength and potential for high temperature application. Since these properties are attributed to the presence of a high density of very small (nanometer-sized) oxide clusters, there is interest in examining the radiation stability of such clusters. A novel experiment has been carried out to examine oxide nanocluster stability in a mechanically alloyed, oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel designated 12YWT. Pre-polished specimens were ion irradiated and the resulting microstructure was examined by atom probe tomography. After ion irradiation to similar to 0.7 dpa with 150 keV Fe ions at 300 degrees C, a high number density of similar to 4 nm-diameter nanoclusters was observed in the ferritic matrix. The nanoclusters are enriched in yttrium, titanium and oxygen, depleted in tungsten and chromium, and have a stoichiometry close to (Ti + Y):O. A similar cluster population was observed in the unirradiated materials, indicating that the ultrafine oxide nanoclusters are resistant to coarsening and dissolution under displacement cascade damage for the ion irradiation conditions used. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fac Sci, Equipe Rech Technol 1000, CNRS, UMR 6634,Grp Phys Mat, F-76801 St Etienne, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Sci & Technol Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pareige, P (reprint author), Fac Sci, Equipe Rech Technol 1000, CNRS, UMR 6634,Grp Phys Mat, Av Univ,BP12, F-76801 St Etienne, France. EM philippe.pareige@univ-rouen.fr RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; PAREIGE, Philippe/A-2588-2013; CADEL, Emmanuel/D-7037-2015; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016; OI CADEL, Emmanuel/0000-0002-0916-7021 NR 25 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 360 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.09.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 129OQ UT WOS:000243739200007 ER PT J AU Schiffer, WK Mirrione, MM Dewey, SL AF Schiffer, Wynne K. Mirrione, Martine M. Dewey, Stephen L. TI Optimizing experimental protocols for quantitative behavioral imaging with (IF)-I-18-FDG in rodents SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glucose metabolic rate; brain imaging; PET; behavior ID CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION; TIME-ACTIVITY CURVE; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; MICROPET R4; RAT-BRAIN; FDG-PET; METABOLIC-RATES; IMAGES; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE AB Small-animal PET provides the opportunity to image brain activation during behavioral tasks in animal models of human conditions. The present studies aimed to simplify behavioral imaging procedures without a loss of quantitation by using an intraperitoneal route of administration (no cannulation, no anesthesia) and using a standardized uptake value (SUV) to reduce scan duration. Methods: Sixteen animals with carotid artery cannulations were studied with F-18-FDG small-animal PET accompanied by serial arterial blood sampling. Ten of these animals were anesthetized and were inside the tomograph during F-18-FDG uptake, whereas 6 animals were awake in their home cages and scanned after 60 min of uptake. Of the 10 anesthetized animals, 6 received intraperitoneal F-18-FDG, whereas 4 received intravenous F-18-FDG, and all 6 awake animals received intraperitoneal F-18-FDG. Intravenously injected animals were positioned far enough inside the tomograph to obtain region-of-interest-based measures from the heart and the brain. In all animals, a full arterial input function and plasma glucose levels were obtained. To establish the optimal time during F-18-FDG uptake for blood sampling when using an SUV, a Patlak kinetic model was used to derive absolute rates of glucose metabolism and compared with SUVs calculated using different plasma points from the arterial input function. Results: A single plasma point taken at 60 min after injection for intraperitoneal injections or 45 min after injection for intravenous injections provides a sensitive index of glucose metabolic rate with the highest correlation with data obtained from a fully quantitative input function. Conclusion: These studies support an experimental protocol in which animals can receive the F-18-FDG tracer injection intraperitoneally, away from the small-animal tomograph and with minimal impact on behavior. Further, animals can occupy the tomograph bed for a 10- to 30-min scan with a consequent increase in animal throughput. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wynne@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA15041, DA15082, DA16025] NR 37 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 12 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 48 IS 2 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 134WR UT WOS:000244115600035 PM 17268026 ER PT J AU Nakamura, S Harada, H Raman, S Koehler, PE AF Nakamura, Shoji Harada, Hideo Raman, Subramanian Koehler, Paul E. TI Thermal neutron capture cross section of palladium-107 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prompt gamma ray; palladium-107; palladium-105; thermal neutron; capture cross section; gamma-ray spectroscopy ID FISSION-PRODUCT PD-107; GAMMA-RAYS AB Prompt gamma rays induced by thermal neutron capture on a Pd-107 sample were analyzed to obtain the thermal neutron capture cross section for this nuclide. Intensities of prompt gamma-ray transitions feeding the ground state were summed to determine a lower limit of 9.16 +/- 0.27 b for the thermal neutron capture cross section. There have been no experimental values for this cross section. Our measured value is five times larger than evaluations of this cross section, which are based on resonance parameter data. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Nakamura, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 2-4 Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM nakamura.shoji@jaea.go.jp OI Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.3327/jnst.44.103 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 155HJ UT WOS:000245568200001 ER PT J AU King, PE Yim, SC AF King, Paul E. Yim, Solomon C. TI Stochastic control of sensitive nonlinear motions of an ocean mooring system SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE nonlinear; stochastic; mooring system; control; iterated Kalman filter AB Complex sensitive motions have been observed in ocean mooring systems consisting of nonlinear mooring geometries. These physical systems can be modeled as a system Of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, taking into account geometric non-linearities in the restoring force, quadratic viscous drag, and harmonic excitation., This study examines the controllability of these systems utilizing an embedded approach to noise filtering and online controllers. The system is controlled using small perturbations about a selected unstable cycle and control is instigated for periodic cycles of varying periodicities. The controller when applied to the system with additive random noise in the excitation, has marginal success. However, the addition of an iterated Kalman filter applied to the system increases the regime under which the controller behaves under the influence of noise. Because the Kalman filter is applied about locally linear trajectories, the feedback of the nonlinearities through the filter has little effect on the overall filtering system. C1 Albany Res Ctr, US DOE, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn Program, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP King, PE (reprint author), Albany Res Ctr, US DOE, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM solomon.yim@oregonstate.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1115/1.2428323 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 143DJ UT WOS:000244699900004 ER PT J AU Chang, YA Schmid-Fetzer, R Turchi, PEA AF Chang, Y. Austin Schmid-Fetzer, Rainer Turchi, Patrice E. A. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Clausthal Univ Technol, Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chang, YA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s11669-006-9013-6 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 183AK UT WOS:000247544900001 ER PT J AU Gunaydin-Sen, O Achey, R Dalal, NS Stowe, A Autrey, T AF Gunaydin-Sen, O. Achey, R. Dalal, N. S. Stowe, A. Autrey, T. TI High resolution N-15 NMR of the 225 K phase transition of ammonia borane (NH3BH3): Mixed order-disorder and displacive behavior SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR COMPLEXES; ACID-BASE COMPLEXES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; N-H COMPOUNDS; SQUARIC ACID; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB We report high resolution N-15 NMR probing of the solid-solid phase transition of N-15-labeled ammonia borane (NH3BH3) at 225 K. Both the N-15 isotropic chemical shift (delta(iso)) and the spin-lattice relaxation rate (T-1(-1)) exhibited strong anomalies around 225 K. The analysis of T-1(-1) using the Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound model showed that the motional correlation time, tau, increased from about 1 to 100 ps and the corresponding Arrhenius activation energy increased from 6 to 14.5 kJ/mol on going through the transition toward lower temperatures. The temperature dependence of delta(iso) was interpreted by an extension of the Bayer model. The time scale of the underlying motion was found to be in a reasonable agreement with the T-1(-1) data. These results imply that the NH3 rotor motion plays a pivotal role in the transition mechanism and that the transition is of both order-disorder and displacive type. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dalal, NS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM dalal@chem.fsu.edu NR 51 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1021/jp0649347 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 129CK UT WOS:000243705800001 PM 17249810 ER PT J AU Melnikov, SM Yeow, EKL Uji-i, H Cotlet, M Mullen, K De Schryver, FC Enderlein, J Hofkens, J AF Melnikov, Sergey M. Yeow, Edwin K. L. Uji-i, Hiroshi Cotlet, Mircea Muellen, Klaus De Schryver, Frans C. Enderlein, Joerg Hofkens, Johan TI Origin of simultaneous donor-acceptor emission in single molecules of peryleneimide-terrylenediimide labeled polyphenylene dendrimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYCHROMATIC TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; IMMERSION MIRROR OBJECTIVE.; LIGHT-HARVESTING DENDRIMERS; POLY(ARYL ETHER) DENDRIMERS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MULTICHROMOPHORIC DENDRIMERS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DENDRITIC SYSTEM AB Forster type resonance energy transfer (FRET) in donor-acceptor peryleneimide-terrylenediimide dendrimers has been examined at the single molecule level. Very efficient energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor prevent the detection of donor emission before photobleaching of the acceptor. Indeed, in solution, on exciting the donor, only acceptor emission is detected. However, at the single molecule level, an important fraction of the investigated individual molecules (about 10-15%) show simultaneous emission from both donor and acceptor chromophores. The effect becomes apparent mostly after photobleaching of the majority of donors. Single molecule photon flux correlation measurements in combination with computer simulations and a variety of excitation conditions were used to determine the contribution of an exciton blockade to this two-color emission. Two-color defocused wide-field imaging showed that the two-color emission goes hand in hand with an unfavorable orientation between one of the donors and the acceptor chromophore. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Chem & Biol Chem, Singapore 637616, Singapore. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Biol Informat Proc 1, D-42425 Julich, Germany. RP Hofkens, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM Johan.Hofkens@chem.kuleuven.be RI Cotlet, Mircea/C-5004-2008; OI Hofkens, Johan/0000-0002-9101-0567 NR 86 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 708 EP 719 DI 10.1021/jp0655625 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 129CK UT WOS:000243705800005 PM 17249814 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Cabrera, M Sumpter, BG Sponer, JE Sponer, J Petit, L Wells, JC AF Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel Sumpter, Bobby G. Sponer, Judit E. Sponer, Jiri Petit, Leon Wells, Jack C. TI Theoretical study on the structure, stability, and electronic properties of the guanine-Zn-cytosine base pair in M-DNA SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DIVALENT METAL-IONS; GROUND-STATE; ENERGIES; MODEL; MOLECULES; MG2+ AB M-DNA is a type of metalated DNA that forms at high pH and in the presence of Zn, Ni, and Co, with the metals placed in between each base pair, as in G-Zn-C. Experiments have found that M-DNA could be a promising candidate for a variety of nanotechnological applications, as it is speculated that the metal d-states enhance the conductivity, but controversy still clouds these findings. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive ab initio study of eight G-Zn-C models in the gas phase to help discern the structure and electronic properties of Zn-DNA. Specifically, we study whether a model prefers to be planar and has electronic properties that correlate with Zn-DNA having a metallic-like conductivity. Out of all the studied models, there is only one which preserves its planarity upon full geometry optimization. Nevertheless, starting from this model, one can deduce a parallel Zn-DNA architecture only. This duplex would contain the imino proton, in contrast to what has been proposed experimentally. Among the nonplanar models, there is one that requires less than 8 kcal/mol to flatten (both in gas and solvent conditions), and we propose that it is a plausible model for building an antiparallel duplex. In this duplex, the imino proton would be replaced by Zn, in accordance with experimental models. Neither planar nor nonplanar models have electronic properties that correlate with Zn-DNA having a metallic-like conductivity due to Zn d-states. To understand whether density functional theory (DFT) can describe appropriately the electronic properties of M-DNAs, we have investigated the electronic properties of G-Co-C base pairs. We have found that when self-interaction corrections (SIC) are not included the HOMO state contains Co d-levels, whereas these levels are moved below the HOMO state when SIC are considered. This result indicates that caution should be exercised when studying the electronic properties of M-DNAs with functionals that do not account for strong electronic correlations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Biophys, CS-61625 Brno, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Fuentes-Cabrera, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fuentescabma@ornl.gov; judit@ncbr.chemi.muni.cz RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; Sponer, Jiri/D-9467-2012; Sponer, Judit/D-9918-2012; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 870 EP 879 DI 10.1021/jp066465e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 129CK UT WOS:000243705800022 PM 17249831 ER PT J AU Kuznicki, SM Anson, A Koenig, A Kuznicki, TM Haastrup, T Eyring, EM Hunter, D AF Kuznicki, Steven M. Anson, Alejandro Koenig, Andree Kuznicki, Tetyana M. Haastrup, Tony Eyring, Edward M. Hunter, Douglas TI Xenon adsorption on modified ETS-10 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGED Y-ZEOLITES; XE-129 NMR; SILVER; NITROGEN AB The interaction of xenon with silver ETS-10 is found to be unusually strong. Xenon adsorption was studied on Na-ETS-10 and its silver exchanged counterpart, Ag-ETS-10, by gas chromatography and gravimetric adsorption. High adsorption capacities were observed even at low pressure (6 wt % Xe at 0.5 Torr and 25 degrees C). High isosteric heats of adsorption for xenon on Ag-ETS-10 were observed, higher than on any other adsorbent reported to date. High selectivity of xenon over nitrogen and oxygen is also observed, especially at low xenon partial pressures. The great affinity of this adsorbent for xenon is attributed to the presence of silver nanoparticles, which grow on the surface of the molecular sieve after heat treatment of Ag exchanged material. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Kuznicki, SM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada. EM steve.kuznicki@ualberta.ca RI Anson-Casaos, Alejandro/N-2061-2014 OI Anson-Casaos, Alejandro/0000-0002-3134-8566 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1560 EP 1562 DI 10.1021/jp067630t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LW UT WOS:000245005500004 ER PT J AU Alapati, SV Johnson, JK Sholl, DS AF Alapati, Sudhakar V. Johnson, J. Karl Sholl, David S. TI Predicting reaction equilibria for destabilized metal hydride decomposition reactions for reversible hydrogen storage SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; H SYSTEM; LIBH4; MAGNESIUM; SURFACES; ALLOYS; AMIDE; LIH AB Reversible storage of hydrogen still remains one of the biggest challenges for widespread use of hydrogen as a fuel. Light metal hydrides have high hydrogen content but are typically too thermodynamically stable. Destabilization of metal hydrides is an effective way to improve their thermodynamics. First principles calculations have proven to be effective for screening potential destabilized reactions, but these calculations have previously been limited to examining approximations for reaction enthalpies. We have used density functional theory calculations to calculate the reaction free energy and van't Hoff plots for a variety of potential destabilized metal hydride reactions. Our calculations suggest a multistage approach for efficiently screening new classes of metal hydrides prior to experimental studies. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 47 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1584 EP 1591 DI 10.1021/jp065117+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LW UT WOS:000245005500008 ER PT J AU Haertling, CL Hanrahan, RJ Tesmer, JR AF Haertling, Carol L. Hanrahan, Robert J., Jr. Tesmer, Joseph R. TI Hydrolysis studies of polycrystalline lithium hydride SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID KINETICS AB Polycrystalline LiH was reacted with decarbonated H2O to determine reaction products, rates, mechanisms, and the effects of experimental parameters. Rutherford backscattering analyses for measurement of elemental concentrations showed that product O growth rates showed an initial rise and then increased linearly with H2O exposure time. Increasing H2O concentration increased O growth rate while both increasing, temperature and pressure decreased O growth rates. A thin-layer, diffusion-controlled reaction rate is suggested to explain the results, and a growth process for LiOH is illustrated. Micrographs of polycrystalline LiH show a two-phase bulk material and a surface hydrolysis layer with cracks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haertling, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chaert@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1716 EP 1724 DI 10.1021/jp0639896 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 147LW UT WOS:000245005500026 ER PT J AU Mei, Q Benmore, CJ Sampath, S Weber, JKR Leinenweber, K Amin, S Johnston, P Yarger, JL AF Mei, Q. Benmore, C. J. Sampath, S. Weber, J. K. R. Leinenweber, K. Amin, S. Johnston, Paul Yarger, J. L. TI The structure of permanently densified CaAl2O4 glass (vol 67, pg 2106, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. XFD Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Benmore, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM benmore@anl.gov RI Yarger, Jeff/L-8748-2014 OI Yarger, Jeff/0000-0002-7385-5400 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD FEB PY 2007 VL 68 IS 2 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.11.011 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 139BI UT WOS:000244406600032 ER PT J AU Blyth, SL Horner, MJ Awes, T Cormier, T Gray, H Klay, JL Klein, SR van Leeuwen, M Morsch, A Odyniec, G Pavlinov, A AF Blyth, S-L Horner, M. J. Awes, T. Cormier, T. Gray, H. Klay, J. L. Klein, S. R. van Leeuwen, M. Morsch, A. Odyniec, G. Pavlinov, A. TI A cone jet-finding algorithm for heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HADRON-COLLISIONS AB d Standard jet-finding techniques used in elementary particle collisions have not been successful in the high track density of heavy-ion collisions. This paper describes a modified cone-type jet-finding algorithm developed for the complex environment of heavy-ion collisions. The primary modification to the algorithm is the evaluation and subtraction of the large background energy, arising from uncorrelated soft hadrons, in each collision. A detailed analysis of the background energy and its event-by-event fluctuations has been performed on simulated data, and a method developed to estimate the background energy inside the jet cone from the measured energy outside the cone on an event-by-event basis. The algorithm has been tested using Monte Carlo simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at root s = 5.5 TeV for the ALICE detector at the LHC. The algorithm can reconstruct jets with a transverse energy of 50 GeV and above with an energy resolution of similar to 30%. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cape Town, CERN, Res Ctr, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Blyth, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Gray, Heather/0000-0002-5293-4716; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/2/008 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 138NQ UT WOS:000244369800010 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M AF Suzuki, Mahiko TI Partial waves of baryon-antibaryon in three-body B meson decay SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; DUALITY AB The conspicuous threshold enhancement has been observed in the baryon-antibaryon subchannels of many three- body B decay modes. By examining the partial waves of baryon-antibaryon, we first show for B-+/- -> ppK(+/-) that the pK(+/-) angular correlation rules out dominance of a single pp partial wave for the pp enhancement, for instance, the resonance hypothesis or the strong final-state interaction in a single channel. The measured pK(+/-) angular correlation turns out to be opposite to the theoretical expectation of a simple short-distance picture. We study the origin of this reversed angular correlation in the context of the pp partial waves and argue that NN bound states may be the cause of this sign reversal. Dependence of the angular correlation on the pp invariant mass is important for probing the underlying issue from the experimental side. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suzuki, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/2/009 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 138NQ UT WOS:000244369800011 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Simpson, DC Tolic, N Jaitly, N Mayampurath, AM Smith, RD Pasa-Tolic, L AF Sharma, Seema Simpson, David C. Tolic, Nikola Jaitly, Navdeep Mayampurath, Anoop M. Smith, Richard D. Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana TI Proteomic profiling of intact proteins using WAX-RPLC 2-D separations and FTICR mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE comparative proteomics; FTICR MS; intact proteins; post-translational modifications ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; TOP-DOWN PROTEOMICS; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; SEQUENCE DATABASES; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; ACCURATE MASS; IDENTIFICATION; BOTTOM AB We investigated the combination of weak anion exchange (WAX) fractionation and on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separation using a 12 T FTICR mass spectrometer for the detection of intact proteins from a Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 cell lysate. This work aimed at optimizing intact protein detection for profiling proteins at a level that incorporates their modification state. A total of 715 intact proteins were detected, and the combined results from the WAX fractions and the unfractionated cell lysate were aligned using LC-MS features to facilitate protein abundance measurements. Protein identifications and post-translational modifications were assigned for similar to 10% of the detected proteins by comparing intact protein mass measurements to proteins identified in peptide MS/MS analysis of an aliquot of the same fraction. Intact proteins were also detected for S. oneidensis lysates obtained from cells grown on C-13-, N-15-depleted media under aerobic and sub-oxic conditions. The strategy can be readily applied for measuring differential protein abundances and provides a platform for high-throughput selection of biologically relevant targets for further characterization. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pasa-Tolic, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ljiljana.pasatolic@pnl.gov RI Simpson, David/D-4677-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Simpson, David/0000-0002-1189-0833; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 18522] NR 41 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 602 EP 610 DI 10.1021/pr060354a PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 132FK UT WOS:000243927900016 PM 17269717 ER PT J AU Whiteaker, JR Zhang, HD Eng, JK Fang, RH Piening, BD Feng, LC Lorentzen, TD Schoenherr, RM Keane, JF Holzman, T Fitzgibbon, M Lin, CW Zhang, H Cooke, K Liu, T Camp, DG Anderson, L Watts, J Smith, RD McIntosh, MW Paulovich, AG AF Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Zhang, Heidi Eng, Jimmy K. Fang, Ruihua Piening, Brian D. Feng, Li-Chia Lorentzen, Travis D. Schoenherr, Regine M. Keane, John F. Holzman, Ted Fitzgibbon, Matthew Lin, ChenWei Zhang, Hui Cooke, Kelly Liu, Tao Camp, David G., II Anderson, Leigh Watts, Julian Smith, Richard D. McIntosh, Martin W. Paulovich, Amanda G. TI Head-to-head comparison of serum fractionation techniques SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biomarker; human serum; human plasma; fractionation; immunoaffinity depletion; LC/MS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; PROTEINS; MS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MS/MS; IDENTIFICATIONS; GLYCOSYLATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; EFFICIENCY AB Multiple approaches for simplifying the serum proteome have been described. These techniques are generally developed across different laboratories, samples, mass spectrometry platforms, and analysis tools. Hence, comparing the available schemes is impossible from the existing literature because of confounding variables. We describe a head-to-head comparison of several serum fractionation schemes, including N-linked glycopeptide enrichment, cysteinyl-peptide enrichment, magnetic bead separation (C3, C8, and WCX), size fractionation, protein A/G depletion, and immunoaffinity column depletion of abundant serum proteins. Each technique was compared to results obtained from unfractionated human serum. The results show immunoaffinity subtraction is the most effective means for simplifying the serum proteome while maintaining reasonable sample throughput. The reported dataset is publicly available and provides a standard against which emergent technologies can be compared and evaluated for their contribution to serum-based biomarker discovery. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MSIN, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Plasma Proteome Inst, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Paulovich, AG (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,LE-360,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM apaulovi@fhcrc.org RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017 OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737 NR 32 TC 115 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 828 EP 836 DI 10.1021/pr0604920 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 132FK UT WOS:000243927900038 PM 17269739 ER PT J AU Eeltink, S Hilder, EF Geiser, L Svec, F Frechet, JMJ Rozing, GP Schoenmakers, PJ Kok, WT AF Eeltink, Sebastiaan Hilder, Emily F. Geiser, Laurent Svec, Frantisek Frechet, Jean M. J. Rozing, Gerard P. Schoenmakers, Peter J. Kok, Wim Th. TI Controlling the surface chemistry and chromatography properties of methyacrylate-ester-based monolithic capillary colums via photografting SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capillary electrochromatography; monolithic columns; photografting; selectivity ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; STABLE FREE-RADICALS; STATIONARY PHASES; SEPARATION MEDIA; PROTEIN SEPARATION; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; FUNCTIONALIZATION; FABRICATION AB Preparation of monolithic capillary columns for separations in the CEC mode using UV-initiated polymerization of the plain monolith followed by functionalization of its pore surface by photografting has been studied. The first step enabled the preparation of generic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monoliths with optimized porous properties, controlled by the percentages of porogens 1-decanol and cyclohexanol in the polymerization mixture, irradiation time, and UV light intensity. Ionizable monomers [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride or 2-acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid were then photografted onto the monolithic matrix, allowing us to control the direction of the EOF in CEC. Different strategies were applied to control the grafting density and, thereby, the magnitude of the EOF. To control the hydrophobic properties, two approaches were tested: (i) cografting of a mixture of the ionizable and hydrophobic monomers and (ii) sequential grafting of the ionizable and hydrophobic monomers. Cografting resulted in similar retention but higher EOF. With sequential grafting, more than 50% increase in retention factors was obtained and a slight decrease in EOF was observed due to shielding of the ionizable moieties. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Polymer Anal Grp, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Chem, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, ACROSS, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Agilent Technol, Pharmaceut Solut, Life Sci & Chem Anal, Waldbronn, Germany. RP Kok, WT (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Polymer Anal Grp, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM wkok@science.uva.nl RI Hilder, Emily/A-1001-2009 OI Hilder, Emily/0000-0002-4444-7870 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-44885] NR 31 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1002/jssc.200600316 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 144AV UT WOS:000244768400016 PM 17396600 ER PT J AU Whittle, KR Lumpkin, GR Berry, FJ Oates, G Smith, KL Yudintsev, S Zaluzec, NJ AF Whittle, Karl R. Lumpkin, Gregory R. Berry, Frank J. Oates, Gordon Smith, Katherine L. Yudintsev, Sergey Zaluzec, Nestor J. TI The structure and ordering of zirconium and hafnium containing garnets studied by electron channelling, neutron diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mossbauer; garnet; kimzeyite; electron channelling ID CONTAINING SILICATE GARNETS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; KIMZEYITE AB Garnets, A(3)B(2)C(3)O(12), are an important group of minerals and have potential uses in the safe immobilisation of high-level nuclear waste. They have been found naturally to incorporate Zr, Ti and Fe, three elements of interest in the safe storage of nuclear waste. Kimzeyite, Ca-3(Zr,Ti)(2)(Si,Al,Fe)(3)O-12, is a naturally occurring garnet that contains Zr in a high percentage similar to 30 wt%. For such a material to be of potential immobilisation for nuclear waste the structure needs to be completely understood. Electron channelling studies have shown that the Zr/Ti cations are located on the Y-site, with the Al/Fe cations located on the Z-site. This work has investigated synthetic analogues of kimzeyite, Ca-3(Zr,Hf)(2)(Al,Fe,Si)(3)O-12, by neutron powder diffraction, using the C2 spectrometer at the Chalk River nuclear facility, coupled with Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy. Such work has allowed the structure of the synthetic material to be determined along with the distribution of cations across the X (CN = 8), Y (CN = 6), and Z (CN = 4) sites. Results have shown that it is possible to synthesise Ca-3(Zr,Hf)(2)(AI,Fe,Si)(3)O-12 with a range of Al/Fe ratios containing Zr and Hf. The Mbssbauer data has indicated the Fe is located on the Z site. The structural analyses show that the unit cell changes linearly as a function of composition, and analysis of the disorder indicates that the Zr, Elf reside on the Y site and the At, Fe, and Si reside on the Z site. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Open Univ, Dept Chem, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Mat, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits, Moscow 109017, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Whittle, KR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM k.r.whittle@shef.ac.uk RI Whittle, Karl/A-7404-2008; Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 OI Whittle, Karl/0000-0002-8000-0857; NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 180 IS 2 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.12.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 137GJ UT WOS:000244280700048 ER PT J AU Almer, JD Stock, SR AF Almer, J. D. Stock, S. R. TI Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-energy X-ray scattering; bone; synchrotron X-radiation; stress; strain; Young's modulus ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; CORTICAL BONE; COMPACT-BONE; RADIATION; FRACTURE; QUALITY; STRESS AB We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing Delta D/D equaled 4.2 x 10(-3). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Mail Code S215,303E Chicage Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-stock@northwestern.edu NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 157 IS 2 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.09.001 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 132OJ UT WOS:000243951800008 PM 17055741 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Ayala, A Black, KN Fulper, CR Graze, RR Minassian, F Murray, HB Natarajan, M Tennant, CJ Lawson, DR AF Cadle, Steven H. Ayala, Alberto Black, Kevin N. Fulper, Carl R. Graze, R. Rob Minassian, Fred Murray, Hannah B. Natarajan, Mani Tennant, Christopher J. Lawson, Douglas R. TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the Sixteenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council held its 16th workshop in March 2006, with 83 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, we summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, effects of fuels on emissions, emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. Fed Highway Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Caterpillar Inc, Mossville, IL USA. S Coast Air Qual Management Dist, Diamond Bar, CA USA. Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Marathon Petr LLC, Findlay, OH USA. Coordinating Res Council, Alpharetta, GA USA. Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM doug_lawson@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135DN UT WOS:000244134400001 PM 17355074 ER PT J AU Paravar, T Li, H Lee, D AF Paravar, Taraneh Li, Huiying Lee, Delphine TI Response to treatment in patients with vitiligo at a major academic center SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 02-06, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Gen & Prote, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 SU S BP AB169 EP AB169 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 132WE UT WOS:000243972801218 ER PT J AU Tandon, R Buchheit, TE AF Tandon, Rajan Buchheit, Thomas E. TI Use of cube-corner nano-indentation crack length measurements to estimate residual stresses over small spatial dimensions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FACTORS; RADIAL FRACTURE; TEMPERED GLASS; ACUTE PROBES; NANOINDENTATION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; SILICA AB Cube-corner indenters, by virtue of their acuity, possess a lowered threshold load for cracking. Shorter crack lengths allow the sampling of residual stresses in small spatial dimensions. We conducted cube-corner indentation on tempered and annealed glasses. Indentation crack geometry was found to be "quarter-penny." A stress-intensity factor for this geometry, and crack length decrements on tempered materials were used in a stress-intensity superposition to provide reasonable estimates of residual stress. Stresses similar to 100 MPa over a length scale of 10 mu m, and 30 MPa over 20 mu m were measured accurately, indicating that cube-corner indentation is a promising tool for materials characterization. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tandon, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtandon@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01389.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 129UD UT WOS:000243754700025 ER PT J AU Lentz, NB Houk, RS AF Lentz, N. B. Houk, R. S. TI Negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of ammonium-counter ion clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SALT CLUSTERS; FUNDAMENTALS; CHLORIDE; ANIONS AB Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to examine clusters of protonated amine salt solutions with chloride counter ions in the negative ion mode. These ions have the general formula [(RNH3)(x)Clx+1](-). Primary amines generate a wide cluster distribution with clusters up to 14 mer for methylamine hydrochloride clusters. Secondary and quaternary amines only generate the monomer ion under identical conditions. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of the cluster ions generates cluster ions of lower m/z with the next lower cluster being the most abundant. The product ions from MeNH3Cl2-, Me2NH2Cl2- and (MeNH3)(2)Cl-3(-) have low threshold appearance energies of 1.24 to 2.22 eV center-of-mass frame. Secondary amine monomer ions have lower threshold CID energies than primary amine monomer ions. The amine threshold CID energy decreases as the carbon chain length increases. As an electrospray solvent, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) promotes the formation of counter ions and clustering. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.028 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 134UJ UT WOS:000244109300015 ER PT J AU Su, H Wood, EF Mccabe, MF Su, Z AF Su, H. Wood, E. F. Mccabe, M. F. Su, Z. TI Evaluation of remotely sensed evapotranspiration over the CEOP EOP-1 reference sites SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; BALANCE SYSTEM SEBS; HEAT-FLUX; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; BOREAL FOREST; LAND-COVER; LEAF-AREA; MODIS; TEMPERATURE; SCALE AB In this paper, the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) data during an Enhanced Observing Period (EOP-1) is used to assess the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adaptability of SEBS to different climatic zones and land cover classifications at two different scales. The SEBS model was examined at the field (tower) scale based primarily on in-situ observations from CEOP sites. To examine a broader scale application, remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) from the MODIS sensor and surface meteorology from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were used for the required forcing datasets. Comparisons at tower scale show that the model predictions of the energy fluxes agree reasonably well with the observations. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the ET prediction based on MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) plus CEOP meteorological observations is about 61 W m(-2) at a grassland site (Cabauw) and a needle leaf forest site (BERMS). The RMSE of ET predication at a corn site (Bondville) is 96 W m(-2) and the corresponding percentage error is 28.9%. When GLDAS forcing was used instead of the CEOP tower observations, the RMSEs of ET prediction at Cabauw, BERMS and Bondville are increased to 82, 84 and 140 W m(-2) respectively. The negative bias of surface downward radiative forcing from GLDAS contributed much to the larger deviation of the ET prediction when compared to tower based values. The innovative aspects of our study in this paper are: a) No similar work on evaluating remote sensing based ET model under a diverse climate and land cover condition has been done before; b) ET modeling was assessed in different scales ranging from site scale to GLDAS grid cell; c) The framework of estimating the spatial distribution of ET combining satellite data and available ground meteorology is tested. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ITC, Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Su, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM hongbosu@princeton.edu RI Su, Hongbo/C-9490-2009; Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 NR 47 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 85A BP 439 EP 459 DI 10.2151/jmsj.85A.439 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163FM UT WOS:000246144200024 ER PT J AU Buechler, MA Leo, DJ AF Buechler, Miles A. Leo, Donald J. TI Characterization and variational modeling of ionic polymer transducers SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ELECTROMECHANICAL MODEL AB Ionomeric polymers are a promising class of intelligent material which exhibit electromechanical coupling similar to that of piezoelectric bimorphs. Ionomeric polymers are much more compliant than piezoelectric ceramics or polymers and have been shown to produce actuation strain on the order of 2% at operating voltages between I V and 3 V (Akle et al., 2004, Proceedings IMECE). Their high compliance is advantageous in low force sensing configurations because ionic polymers have a very little impact on the dynamics of the measured system. Here we present a variational approach to the dynamic modeling of structures which incorporate ionic polymer materials. To demonstrate the method a cantilever beam model is developed using this variational approach. The modeling approach requires a priori knowledge of three empirically determined material properties: elastic modulus, dielectric permittivity, and effective strain coefficient. Previous work by Newbury and Leo has demonstrated that these three parameters are strongly frequency dependent in the range between less than 1 Hz to frequencies greater than 1 kHz. Combining the frequency-dependent material parameters with the variational method produces a second-order matrix representation of the structure. The frequency dependence of the material parameters is incorporated using a complex-property approach similar to the techniques for modeling viscoelastic materials. A transducer is manufactured and the method of material characterization is applied to determine the material properties. Additional experiments are performed on this transducer and both the material and structural model are validated. Finally, the model is shown to predict sensing response very well in comparison to experimental results, which supports the use of an energy-based variational approach for modeling ionomeric polymer transducers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Engn Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Buechler, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Engn Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM buechler@lanl.gov; donleo@vt.edu NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 EI 1528-8927 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1115/1.2424973 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 132SM UT WOS:000243962500013 ER PT J AU Yu, XG Lichterfeld, M Chetty, S Williams, KL Mui, SK Miura, T Frahm, N Feeney, ME Tang, Y Pereyra, F LaBute, MX Pfafferott, K Leslie, A Crawford, H Allgaier, R Hildebrand, W Kaslow, R Brander, C Allen, TM Rosenberg, ES Kiepiela, P Vajpayee, M Goepfert, PA Altfeld, M Goulder, PJR Walker, BD AF Yu, Xu G. Lichterfeld, Mathias Chetty, Senica Williams, Katie L. Mui, Stanley K. Miura, Toshiyuki Frahm, Nicole Feeney, Margaret E. Tang, Yanhua Pereyra, Florencia LaBute, Montiago X. Pfafferott, Katja Leslie, Alisdair Crawford, Hayley Allgaier, Rachel Hildebrand, William Kaslow, Richard Brander, Christian Allen, Todd M. Rosenberg, Eric S. Kiepiela, Photini Vajpayee, Madhu Goepfert, Paul A. Altfeld, Marcus Goulder, Philip J. R. Walker, Bruce D. TI Mutually exclusive T-cell receptor induction and differential susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutational escape associated with a two-amino-acid difference between HLA class I subtypes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; HIV-1 INFECTION; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; SLOW PROGRESSORS; CTL ESCAPE; SELECTION; RECOGNITION; RESPONSES; EPITOPES AB The relative contributions of HLA alleles and T-cell receptors (TCRs) to the prevention of mutational viral escape are unclear. Here, we examined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses restricted by two closely related HLA class I alleles, B*5701 and B*5703, that differ by two amino acids but are both associated with a dominant response to the same HIV-1 Gag epitope KF11 (KAFSPEVIP MF). When this epitope is presented by HLA-13*5701, it induces a TCR repertoire that is highly conserved among individuals, cross-recognizes viral epitope variants, and is rarely associated with mutational escape. In contrast, KF11 presented by HIA-B*5703 induces an entirely different, more heterogeneous TCR beta-chain repertoire that fails to recognize specific KF11 escape variants which frequently arise in clade C-infected HLA-B*5703(+) individuals. These data show the influence of HLA allele subtypes on TCR selection and indicate that extensive TCR diversity is not a prerequisite to prevention of allowable viral mutations. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ KwaZulu Natal, HIV Pathogenesis Program, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, Durban, South Africa. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Paediat, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Walker, BD (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 149 13th St,Room 5212, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM bwalker@partners.org RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI060354]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD040533, U01 HD040474, U01 HD40533] NR 39 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1631 DI 10.1128/JVI.01580-06 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 136RI UT WOS:000244241400009 PM 17121793 ER PT J AU Glaudas, X Andrews, KM Willson, JD Gibbons, JW AF Glaudas, X. Andrews, K. M. Willson, J. D. Gibbons, J. W. TI Migration patterns in a population of cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) inhabiting an isolated wetland SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE snake; reptile; migration; activity; movement patterns; wetlands ID SNAKES THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; GARTER SNAKES; CAROLINA BAY; CONSERVATION; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS AB Few studies have examined the spatial and temporal migration patterns of snakes to and from active-season habitats. We conducted a year-long population-level analysis of cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus migration patterns by monitoring snakes entering and leaving a Carolina bay wetland that was encircled by a continuous terrestrial drift fence. Cottonmouths used the wetland during the active season and left the bay in the fall to overwinter in other habitats. Adults and juveniles did not differ in time of arrival at the bay but juveniles left the bay earlier than adults. Spatially, captures of adult cottonmouths entering and leaving the bay were distributed non-randomly, with capture peaks corresponding to the directions to the nearest permanent aquatic habitats. Juveniles' immigration patterns in the spring were biased in the same directions as those of the adults, but they left non-directionally in the fall. This suggests that neonates do not rely on adult scent trailing to locate hibernacula, and that in a region with moderate winter temperatures, suitable overwintering sites may not be a limited resource. Additionally, our study demonstrates that cottonmouths make extensive use of upland habitats and underscores the importance of both critical upland habitat and forested corridors between wetlands and hibernacula for the conservation of wetlands herpetofauna. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Glaudas, X (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM glaudasx@unlv.nevada.edu OI Glaudas, Xavier/0000-0002-1333-7791 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 271 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1489-7998.2006.00232.x PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 129UL UT WOS:000243755500001 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV Jelinsky, P Millaud, JE Arisaka, K Weiss, S AF Michalet, Xavier Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Vallerga, John V. Jelinsky, Patrick Millaud, Jacques E. Arisaka, Katsushi Weiss, Shimon TI Next-generation 3-D detector improves single-molecule imaging SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB A high-throughput three-dimensional detector combines the advantages of wide-field detectors and high-temporal-resolution point detectors, proving instrumental for single-molecule imaging and the study of biomolecular interactions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Michalet, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM michalet@chem.ucla.edu RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 97 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 139OT UT WOS:000244442300030 ER PT J AU Hutchens, SA Leon, RV O'Neill, HM Evans, BR AF Hutchens, S. A. Leon, R. V. O'Neill, H. M. Evans, B. R. TI Statistical analysis of optimal culture conditions for Gluconacetobacter hansenii cellulose production SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial cellulose; fractional factorial design; Gluconacetobacter hansenii; statistical analysis ID BACTERIAL CELLULOSE AB Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of different culture parameters on Gluconacetobacter hansenii (ATCC 10821) to determine which conditions provided optimum cellulose growth. Methods and Results: Five culture factors were investigated: carbon source, addition of ethanol, inoculation ratio, pH and temperature. JMP Software (SAS, Cary, NC, USA) was used to design this experiment using a fractional factorial design. After 22 days of static culture, the cellulose produced by the bacteria was harvested, purified and dried to compare the cellulose yields. The results were analysed by fitting the data to a first-order model with two-factor interactions. Conclusions: The study confirmed that carbon source, addition of ethanol, and temperature were significant factors in the production of cellulose of this G. hansenii strain. While pH alone does not significantly affect average cellulose production, cellulose yields are affected by pH interaction with the carbon source. Culturing the bacteria on glucose at pH 6.5 produces more cellulose than at pH 5.5, while using mannitol at pH 5.5 produces more cellulose than at pH 6.5. The bacteria produced the most cellulose when cultured on mannitol, at pH 5.5, without ethanol, at 20 degrees C. Inoculation ratio was not found to be a significant factor or involved in any significant two-factor interaction. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings give insight into the conditions necessary to maximize cellulose production from this G. hansenii strain. In addition, this work demonstrates how the fractional factorial design can be used to test a large number of factors using an abbreviated set of experiments. Fitting a statistical model determined the significant factors as well as the significant two-factor interactions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Stat Operat & Management Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Evans, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008 MS 6194, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM evansb@ornl.gov OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02055.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 128DA UT WOS:000243636200011 PM 17257257 ER PT J AU Rooney, WD Johnson, G Li, X Cohen, ER Kim, SG Ugurbil, K Springer, CS AF Rooney, William D. Johnson, Glyn Li, Xin Cohen, Eric R. Kim, Seong-Gi Ugurbil, Kamil Springer, Charles S., Jr. TI Magnetic field and tissue dependencies of human brain longitudinal (H2O)-H-1 relaxation in vivo SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE magnetic field; brain; tissue; relaxation; MRI ID WHITE MATTER; PROTON-EXCHANGE; TIMES; MRI; T-1; IRON; AGE; INVERSION; RESONANCE; HYDRATION AB Brain water proton ((H2O)-H-1)) longitudinal relaxation time constants (T-1) were obtained from three healthy individuals at magnetic field strengths (B-O) of 0.2 Tesla (T), 1.0T, 1.5T, 4.0T, and 7.0T. A 5-mm midventricular axial slice was sampled using a modified Look-Locker technique with 1.5 mm in-plane resolution, and 32 time points post-adiabatic inversion. The results confirmed that for most brain tissues, T, values increased by more than a factor of 3 between 0.2T and 7T, and over this range were well fitted by T-1 (s) = 0.583(B-0)(0.382), T-1(s) = 0.857(B-0)(0.376), and T-1(s) = 1.35(B-0)(0.340) for white matter (WM), internal GM, and blood (H2O)-H-1, respectively. The ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (H2O)-H-1 T-1 value did not change with B0, and its average value (standard deviation (SD)) across subjects and magnetic fields was 4.3 (+/- 0.2) s. The tissue 1/T-1 values at each field were well correlated with the macromolecular mass fraction, and to a lesser extent tissue iron content. The field-dependent increases in (H2O)-H-1 T-1 values more than offset the well-known decrease in typical MR1 contrast reagent (CR) relaxivity, and simulations predict that this leads to lower CR concentration detection thresholds with increased magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 57:308-318, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr L452, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NYU, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Magnet Resonance Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet, Tubingen, Germany. RP Rooney, WD (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr L452, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM rooneyw@ohsu.edu RI Kim, Seong-Gi/O-8480-2014; OI Kim, Seong-Gi/0000-0003-1960-4464; Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08079]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB 00331, EB 00422]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 40801] NR 47 TC 231 Z9 231 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 57 IS 2 BP 308 EP 318 DI 10.1002/mrm.21122 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 132MG UT WOS:000243946300010 PM 17260370 ER PT J AU Trimm, M AF Trimm, Marvin TI What have we done for the members lately? SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Trimm, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 730-A Room 102, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM marvin.trimm@srnl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 65 IS 2 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 132MB UT WOS:000243945800001 ER PT J AU Adams, TM Mickalonis, J AF Adams, Thad M. Mickalonis, John TI Hydrogen permeability of multiphase V-Ti-Ni metallic membranes SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE membrane; hydrogen permeation; alloys ID PERMEATION CHARACTERISTICS; ALLOYS; SEPARATION; VANADIUM AB Development of advanced hydrogen separation membranes in support of hydrogen production processes such as coal gasification and as front end gas purifiers for fuel cell based system is paramount to the successful implementation of a national hydrogen economy. Current generation metallic hydrogen separation membranes are based on Pd-alloys. Although the technology has proven to be successful, at issue is the high cost of palladium. Evaluation of non-noble metal based dense metallic separation membranes is currently receiving national and international attention. The focal point of the reported work was to evaluate a Group 5A-Ta, Nb, V-based alloy with respect to microstructural features and hydrogen permeability. Electrochemical hydrogen permeation testing of the V-Ti-Ni alloy is reported herein and compared to pure Pd measurements recorded as part of this same study. The V-Ti-Ni was demonstrated to have a steady-state hydrogen permeation rate an order of magnitude higher than the pure Pd material in testing conducted at 22 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Adams, TM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM thad.adams@sml.doe.gov NR 7 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.078 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121NJ UT WOS:000243164000047 ER PT J AU Xu, HB Meek, TT Han, QY AF Xu, Hanbing Meek, Thomas T. Han, Qingyou TI Effects of ultrasonic field and vacuum on degassing of molten aluminum alloy SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ultrasonic vibration; degassing; vacuum; aluminum alloy AB Ultrasonic degassing, an environmentally clean and cheap technique, is an efficient way of degassing in a static volume melt. Vacuum degassing has also been tested as a beneficial and clean method in producing high quality products. An experimental device which combines the vacuum degassing and ultrasonic degassing has been built. Parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the efficacy of the ultrasonic degassing of molten aluminum alloy under reduced pressure. The results indicate that a combination of these two techniques makes degassing more efficient. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, HB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xuh@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4-5 BP 1246 EP 1250 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.07.012 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 131BX UT WOS:000243844100078 ER PT J AU D'Helon, C Protopopescu, V Wells, JC Barhen, J AF D'Helon, C. Protopopescu, V. Wells, J. C. Barhen, J. TI GMG - A guaranteed global optimization algorithm: Application to remote sensing SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE global optimization; parameter identification; additional information; guaranteed global minimum; discrete search; remote sensing; monocular passive ranging ID INTERVAL-METHODS AB We investigate the role of additional information in reducing the computational complexity of the global optimization problem (GOP). Following this approach, we develop GMG-an algorithm for finding the Global Minimum with a Guarantee. The new algorithm breaks up an originally continuous GOP into a discrete (grid) search problem followed by a descent problem. The discrete search identifies the basin of attraction of the global minimum after which the actual location of the minimizer is found upon applying a descent algorithm. The algorithm is first applied to the golf-course problem, which serves as a litmus test for its performance in the presence of both complete and degraded additional information. GMG is further assessed on a set of standard benchmark functions. We then illustrate the performance of the validated algorithm on a simple realization of the monocular passive ranging (MPR) problem in remote sensing, which consists of identifying the range of an airborne target (missile, plane, etc.) from its observed radiance. This inverse problem is set as a GOP whereby the difference between the observed and model predicted radiances is minimized over the possible ranges and atmospheric conditions. We solve the GOP using GMG and report on the performance of the algorithm. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wells, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wellsjc@ornl.gov RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2006.06.005 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 127RD UT WOS:000243603100018 ER PT J AU Schraad, MW AF Schraad, M. W. TI The influence of dispersity in geometric structure on the stability of cellular solids SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE microstructures; finite strain; foam material; probability and statistics; stability and bifurcation ID MULTIAXIAL LOADS; COMPRESSIVE RESPONSE; PART II; NONPERIODIC MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPIC BIFURCATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FAILURE SURFACES; ALUMINUM FOAMS; HONEYCOMBS; DEFORMATION AB Geometric structures in cellular solids span the spectrum from perfectly periodic to strictly random. Depending on the degree of disorder at the cellular-scale, the corresponding continuum-scale mechanical response can admit instabilities or can remain stable for the entire range of compressive deformations. In the present work, the response of cellular materials to quasi-static uni-axial compression is investigated. The underlying geometric structures in these materials are allowed to range from highly ordered to highly disordered, and the corresponding transition from unstable to stable mechanical response is explored. A stochastic constitutive model is developed and used for this purpose. Model development begins with an established cellular-scale mechanical response description, but this cellular-scale model is generalized to accommodate finite strain. A continuum-scale constitutive model is established by averaging the cellular-scale model over an ensemble of foam cells, and stochastic variation in cellular-scale geometric structure and material properties is considered through the use of probability density functions for the associated model parameters. Results show that dispersity in geometric structure has little to no effect on the initial elastic properties of the cellular materials under investigation. For deformations occurring prior to any occurrence of instability, however, increasing dispersity is accompanied by decreasing stiffness, an increase in critical strain, and a decrease in the extent of localized deformation. Most notably, materials with the highest degrees of dispersity in their cellular structures exhibit mechanical response that remains stable for the entire range of compressive deformations, demonstrating a general stabilizing effect of dispersity in geometric structure on the continuum-scale mechanical response of cellular solids. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schraad, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schraad@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2006.04.004 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 099YV UT WOS:000241634800006 ER PT J AU Jaeger, J Sharp, DH Reinitz, J AF Jaeger, Johannes Sharp, David H. Reinitz, John TI Known maternal gradients are not sufficient for the establishment of gap domains in Drosophila melanogaster SO MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE segment determination; segmentation gene network; maternal morphogen gradient; gap gene; gene regulation; gene circuit; nonlinear dynamics; simulated annealing; network inference ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; SEGMENTATION GENE; BICOID PROTEIN; BODY PATTERN; IN-SITU; REGULATORY INTERACTIONS; POSITIONAL INFORMATION; SPATIAL REGULATION; POSTERIOR REGION; MESSENGER-RNA AB Gap genes are among the first transcriptional targets of maternal morphogen gradients in the early Drosophila embryo. However, it remains unclear whether these gradients are indeed sufficient to establish the boundaries of localized gap gene expression patterns. In this study, we address this question using gap gene circuits, which are data-driven mathematical tools for extracting regulatory information from quantitative wild-type gene expression data. We present new, quantitative data on the mRNA expression patterns for the gap genes Kruppel (Kr), knirps (kni) and giant (gt) during the early blastoderm stage of Drosophila development. This data set shows significant differences in timing of gap gene expression compared to previous observations, and reveals that early gap gene expression is highly variable in both space and time. Gene circuit models fit to this data set were used for a detailed regulatory analysis of early gap gene expression. Our analysis shows that the proper balance of maternal repression and activation is essential for the correct positioning of gap domains, and that such balance can only be achieved for early expression of kni. In contrast, our results suggest that early expression of gt requires local neutralization of repressive input in the anterior region of the embryo, and that known maternal gradients are completely insufficient to position the boundaries of the early central Kr domain, or in fact any Kr-like domain in the central region of the blastoderm embryo. Based on this, we propose that unknown additional regulators must be involved in early gap gene regulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Dev Genet, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chief Sci Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinitz, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM reinitz@odd.bio.sunysb.edu OI Jaeger, Johannes/0000-0002-2568-2103 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR007801-16, R01 RR007801] NR 96 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4773 J9 MECH DEVELOP JI Mech. Dev. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 108 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.mod.2006.11.001 PG 21 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 140XI UT WOS:000244539700002 PM 17196796 ER PT J AU Wen, ZF Pelc, NJ Nelson, WR Fahrig, R AF Wen, Zhifei Pelc, Norbert J. Nelson, Walter R. Fahrig, Rebecca TI Study of increased radiation when an x-ray tube is placed in a strong magnetic field SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE increased radiation; backscattered electrons; x-ray tube; magnetic field; XMR ID SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; SPECTRA AB When a fixed anode x-ray tube is placed in a magnetic field (B) that is parallel to the anode-cathode axis, the x-ray exposure increases with increasing B. It was hypothesized that the increase was caused by backscattered electrons which were constrained by B and reaccelerated by the electric field onto the x-ray tube target. We performed computer simulations and physical experiments to study the behavior of the backscattered electrons in a magnetic field, and their effects on the radiation output, x-ray spectrum, and off-focal radiation. A Monte Carlo program (EGS4) was used to generate the combined energy and angular distribution of the backscattered electrons. The electron trajectories were traced and their landing locations back on the anode were calculated. Radiation emission from each point was modeled with published data (IPEM Report 78), and thus the exposure rate and x-ray spectrum with the contribution of backscattered electrons could be predicted. The point spread function for a pencil beam of electrons was generated and then convolved with the density map of primary electrons incident on the anode as simulated with a finite element program (Opera-3d, Vector Fields, UK). The total spatial distribution of x-ray emission could then be calculated. Simulations showed that for an x-ray tube working at 65 kV, about 54% of the electrons incident on the target were backscattered. In a magnetic field of 0.5 T, although the exposure would be increased by 33%, only a small fraction of the backscattered electrons landed within the focal spot area. The x-ray spectrum was slightly shifted to lower energies and the half value layer (HVL) was reduced by about 6%. Measurements of the exposure rate, half value layer and focal spot distribution were acquired as functions of B. Good agreement was observed between experimental data and simulation results. The wide spatial distribution of secondary x-ray emission can degrade the MTF of the x-ray system at low spatial frequencies for B <= 0.5 T. (c) 2007 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Radiat Phys Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wen, ZF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR09784]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000198] NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 408 EP 418 DI 10.1118/1.2404618 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 139HZ UT WOS:000244424200005 PM 17388157 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Ugurlu, O Jiang, C Gleeson, B Chumbley, LS AF Kim, Yoon-Jun Ugurlu, Ozan Jiang, Chao Gleeson, Brian Chumbley, L. Scott TI Microstructural evolution of secondary phases in the cast duplex stainless steels CD3MN and CD3MWCuN SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIGMA; PRECIPITATION; SUBSTITUTION; AUSTENITE AB The isothermal formation behavior of secondary phases in two types of duplex stainless steels (DSS), CD3MN and CD3MWCuN, was characterized. Samples were heat treated from 1 minute to 30 days at temperatures from 700 degrees C to 900 degrees C. Small carbide (M23C6) and nitride (Cr2N) precipitates, together with the intermetallic phases sigma and chi, were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Based on SEM analysis, time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves for the sigma and chi phases were determined by measuring their volume fractions from backscattered electron micrographs of heat-treated and quenched sample cross sections. Resulting TTT curves showed that the maximum formation temperature for chi is lower than that for sigma, while the time to reach 1 vol pct formation is much less for sigma than it is for chi. The thermodynamic driving forces associated with the sigma and chi formation were assessed using Thermo-Calc. C1 Hyundai Kia Motors, Seoul, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Hyundai Kia Motors, Seoul, South Korea. EM chumbley@iastate.edu RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011; Jiang, Chao/D-1957-2017 OI Jiang, Chao/0000-0003-0610-6327 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38A IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9049-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 157EX UT WOS:000245702500001 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Krenn, CR Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Moore, Kevin T. Krenn, Christopher R. Wall, Mark A. Schwartz, Adam J. TI Orientation relationship, habit plane, twin relationship, interfacial structure, and plastic deformation resulting from the delta ->alpha ' isothermal martensitic is transformation in Pu-Ga alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; PLUTONIUM ALLOYS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DELTA->ALPHA; STABILITY; DEFECTS; ENERGY; CERIUM AB The orientation relationship, habit plane, parent-product interface at the atomic level, twin relationship, and plastic deformation resulting from the delta -> alpha' isothermal martensitic transformation in Pu-Ga alloys are examined using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and finite element calculations. The delta -> alpha' transformation exhibits a similar to 20 vol pct collapse when the fcc delta phase transforms to the monoclinic alpha' phase, which results in unique and intriguing crystallography and morphology. Here, we show that the orientation relationship is very close to that previously reported by Zocco et al. (1990), but has small rotational misalignments between the two phases both parallel and perpendicular to the [110](delta) vertical bar vertical bar [100]alpha', direction. The amount of plastic deformation is exceedingly large due to the similar to 20 Vol pct collapse, and TEM is used to quantify the difference in dislocation density between untransformed delta matrix and regions of delta adjacent to the transformed alpha'. The twins contained in alpha' plates are shown to have a (205)(alpha) orientation as the lattice invariant deformation and are found to be composed of two alternating variants that share a common < 020 > (alpha)' direction, but differ by a 60 deg rotation about < 020 > (alpha)'. A combination of electron diffraction and optical microscopy has been employed to examine the macroscopic habit plane, and the analysis suggests that a large fraction of the observed habit planes are on or near {111}(delta). Finally, high resolution TEM reveals that the interface is faceted on {111}(delta) exhibiting a series of terrace and ledges. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moore78@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38A IS 2 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9055-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 157EX UT WOS:000245702500002 ER PT J AU Lamb, J Arjunan, V Deodeshmukh, V Chandra, D Daemen, J Rebak, RB AF Lamb, Joshua Arjunan, Venugopal Deodeshmukh, Vinay Chandra, Dhanesh Daemen, Jaak Rebak, Raul B. TI Hydrogen diffusion and trapping effects in low and medium carbon steels for subsurface reinforcement in the proposed Yucca Mountain repository SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INCLUSIONS; CORROSION; CRACKING AB The electrochemical hydrogen permeation method was used to investigate hydrogen transport, trapping characteristics of low (0.08 pct C) and medium carbon (0.44 pct C) steels proposed for the Yucca Mountain (YM) repository environment. The presence of relatively high amounts of C, Mn, and S increased the density of trapping sites in medium carbon steel. The measured diffusivity of medium carbon steel was lower than that of the low carbon steel due to increased trapping of hydrogen at irreversible sites in the medium carbon steel. Hydrogen concentration values obtained for low carbon steels in YM ground water electrolytes indicate that increased ionic concentration decreases the uptake of hydrogen. The decrease in hydrogen permeation were due the formation of CaCO3 corrosion products on the surface of steels. C1 Univ Nevada, Coll Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Min Engn, Mackay Sch Mines, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lamb, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Coll Engn, Mail Stop 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu OI Rebak, Raul/0000-0002-8070-4475 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38A IS 2 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9022-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 157EX UT WOS:000245702500015 ER PT J AU Suzuki, A Saddock, ND Riester, L Lara-Curzio, E Jones, JW Pollock, TM AF Suzuki, A. Saddock, N. D. Riester, L. Lara-Curzio, E. Jones, J. W. Pollock, T. M. TI Effect of Sr additions on the microstructure and strength of a Mg-Al-Ca ternary alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-CALCIUM; RICH REGION; MAGNESIUM; SYSTEM; CREEP; EARTH AB The effect of Sr additions on the microstructure and strength of a Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy was investigated by replacing Ca with Sr. In the as-cast alloys, the major intermetallic compound observed at the alpha-Mg dendrite cell boundary region changes from the Al-rich (Mg, Al)(2)Ca phase to the Mg-rich Mg17Sr2 phase with increasing Sr content. This results in an increased Al solute content in the alpha-Mg phase in the high-Sr containing alloys. More than 1 wt pct of Sr enhances the solid-solution strength of the alpha-Mg phase, resulting in the increased compression strength of the alloys. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM akanes@umich.edu NR 30 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 38A IS 2 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9031-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 157EX UT WOS:000245702500023 ER PT J AU Kearsley, AT Graham, GA Burchell, MJ Cole, MJ Dai, ZR Teslich, N Bradley, JP Chater, R Wozniakiewicz, PA Spratt, J Jones, G AF Kearsley, Anton T. Graham, Giles A. Burchell, Mark J. Cole, Michael J. Dai, Zu Rong Teslich, Nicholas Bradley, John P. Chater, Richard Wozniakiewicz, Penelope A. Spratt, John Jones, Gary TI Analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laboratory impacts on Stardust aluminum foils: Interpreting impact crater morphology and the composition of impact residues SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS; DUST; TARGETS; DEBRIS; EARTH AB The known encounter velocity (6.1 kms(-1)) and particle incidence angle (perpendicular) between the Starchist spacecraft and the dust emanating from the nucleus of comet Wild-2 fall within a range that allows simulation in laboratory light-gas gun (LGG) experiments designed to validate analytical methods for the interpretation of dust impacts on the aluminum foil components of the Stardust collector. Buckshot of a wide size, shape, and density range of mineral, glass, polymer, and metal grains, have been fired to impact perpendicularly on samples of Stardust Al 1100 foil, tightly wrapped onto aluminum alloy plate as an analogue of foil on the spacecraft collector. We have not yet been able to produce laboratory impacts by projectiles with weak and porous aggregate structure, as may occur in some cometary dust grains. In this report we present information on crater gross morphology and its dependence on particle size and density, the pre-existing major- and trace-element composition of the foil, geometrical issues for energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the impact residues in scanning electron microscopes, and the modification of dust chemical composition during creation of impact craters as revealed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Together, these observations help to underpin the interpretation of size, density, and composition for particles impacted on the Stardust aluminum foils. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, London SW7 5BD, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Kearsley, AT (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 191 EP 210 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134TH UT WOS:000244106500004 ER PT J AU ReVelle, DO Edwards, WN AF ReVelle, D. O. Edwards, W. N. TI Stardust - An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB On January 15, 2006, Stardust, a man-made space capsule, plummeted to Earth for a soft landing after spending seven years in space. Since the expected initial speed of the body was about 12.9 km/s, a four-element ground-based infirasound array was deployed to Wendover, Nevada, USA, to measure the hypersonic booms from the re-entry. At a distance of -33 km from the nominal trajectory, we easily recorded the weak acoustic arrivals and their continued rumbling after the main hypersonic boom arrival. In this paper, we report on subsequent analyses of these data, including an assessment of the expected entry characteristics (dynamics, energetics, ablation and panchromatic luminosity, etc.) on the basis of a bolide/meteor/fireball entry model that was specifically adapted for modeling a re-entering man-made object. Throughout the infrasonic data analyses, we compared our results for Stardust to those previously obtained for Genesis. From the associated entry parameters, we were also able to compute the kinetic energy density conservation properties for the propagating line source blast wave and compared the inviscid theoretical predictions against observed ground-based infrasound amplitude and wave period data as a function of range. Finally, we made a top-down bottom-up assessment of the line source wave normals propagating downward into the complex temperature/sound speed and horizontal wind speed environment during January 15, 2006. This assessment proved to be generally consistent with the signal processing analysis and with the observed time delay between the known Stardust entry and the time of observations of infrasound signals, and so forth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM revelle@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 271 EP 299 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 134TH UT WOS:000244106500009 ER PT J AU Bhushan, A Yemane, D Trudell, D Overton, EB Goettert, J AF Bhushan, Abhinav Yemane, Dawit Trudell, Dan Overton, Edward B. Goettert, Jost TI Fabrication of micro-gas chromatograph columns for fast chromatography SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Micro Structure Technology CY JUN 10-13, 2005 CL Gyenogju, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Korean Soc Medh Engineers ID HEIGHT EQUIVALENT; THEORETICAL PLATE; AIR AB Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widespread techniques used in laboratories as a way to separate and analyze complex mixtures of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. The main advantage of miniaturization of these systems is the increased performance due to the reduced time for analysis and reduced fabrication cost of the complex pneumatic flow system. In this paper advanced design ideas and fabrication processes to facilitate integration of the sample concentrator and the column will be presented. Using the LIGA process, 0.5- and 2-m-long, 50-mu m-wide, and up to 600-mu m-high aspect ratio metal GC separation columns with on-chip integrated sample injection and detection were fabricated. Initial experiments of coating these high aspect ratio columns show promising results when compared to simple tubular columns. C1 Louisiana State Univ, CAMD, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Bhushan, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, CAMD, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM abhush1@lsu.edu NR 15 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00542-006-0210-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 119XT UT WOS:000243048500026 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Jones, SB Sharp, MA Darakjy, S Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Jones, Sarah B. Sharp, Marilyn A. Darakjy, Salima Jones, Bruce H. TI The validity of self-reported physical fitness test scores SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 01-04, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Coll Sports Med ID ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE; EXERCISE; WEIGHT; HEIGHT; HEALTH; MEN AB Epidemiological studies often have to rely on a participant's self-reporting of information. The validity of the self-report instrument is an important consideration in any study. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of self-reported Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores. The APFT is administered to all soldiers in the U.S. Army twice a year and consists of the maximum number of push-ups completed in 2 minutes, the maximum number of sit-ups completed in 2 minutes, and a 2-mile run for time. Army mechanics responded to a questionnaire in March and June 2004 asking them to report the exact scores of each event on their most recent APFT. Actual APFT scores were obtained from the soldier's military unit. The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) of actual and self-reported numbers of push-ups was 61 +/- 14 and 65 +/- 13, respectively. The mean +/- SD of actual and self-reported numbers of sit-ups were 66 +/- 10 and 68 +/- 10, respectively. The mean +/- SD of actual and self-reported run times (minutes) were 14.8 +/- 1.4 and 14.6 +/- 1.4, respectively. Correlations between actual and self-reported push-ups, sit-ups, and run were 0.83, 0.71, and 0.85, respectively. On average, soldiers tended to slightly over-report performance on all APFT events and individual self-reported scores could vary widely from actual scores based on Bland-Altman plots. Despite this, the close correlations between the actual and self-reported scores suggest that self-reported values are adequate for most epidemiological military studies involving larger sample sizes. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600001 ER PT J AU Abad, PC Lewis, J Mian, IS Knowles, DW Sturgis, J Badve, S Xie, J Lelievre, SA AF Abad, Patricia C. Lewis, Jason Mian, I. Saira Knowles, David W. Sturgis, Jennifer Badve, Sunil Xie, Jun Lelievre, Sophie A. TI NuMA influences higher order chromatin organization in human mammary epithelium SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MATRIX; MITOTIC SPINDLE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TISSUE PHENOTYPE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GROWTH ARREST; PROTEIN; DOMAIN AB The coiled-coil protein NuMA is an important contributor to mitotic spindle formation and stabilization. A potential role for NuMA in nuclear organization or gene regulation is suggested by the observations that its pattern of nuclear distribution depends upon cell phenotype and that it interacts and/or colocalizes with transcription factors. To date, the precise contribution of NuMA to nuclear function remains unclear. Previously, we observed that antibody-induced alteration of NuMA distribution in growth-arrested and differentiated mammary epithelial structures (acini) in three-dimensional culture triggers the loss of acinar differentiation. Here, we show that in mammary epithelial cells, NuMA is present in both the nuclear matrix and chromatin compartments. Expression of a portion of the C terminus of NuMA that shares sequence similarity with the chromatin regulator HPC2 is sufficient to inhibit acinar differentiation and results in the redistribution of NuMA, chromatin markers acetyl-H4 and H4K20m, and regions of deoxyribonuclease I-sensitive chromatin compared with control cells. Short-term alteration of NuMA distribution with anti-NuMA C-terminus antibodies in live acinar cells indicates that changes in NuMA and chromatin organization precede loss of acinar differentiation. These findings suggest that NuMA has a role in mammary epithelial differentiation by influencing the organization of chromatin. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Basic Med Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Ctr Canc, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lelievre, SA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Basic Med Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lelievre@purdue.edu NR 62 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD FEB PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1091/mbc.E06-06-0551 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 132AJ UT WOS:000243913800002 PM 17108325 ER PT J AU Jones, M Metzger, WK McDonald, TJ Engtrakul, C Ellingson, RJ Rumbles, G Heben, MJ AF Jones, Marcus Metzger, Wyatt K. McDonald, Timothy J. Engtrakul, Chaiwat Ellingson, Randy J. Rumbles, Garry Heben, Michael J. TI Extrinsic and intrinsic effects on the excited-state kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; FLUORESCENCE; ENERGIES AB We characterized the photoluminescence (PL) decay of 15 different, solubilized single-walled carbon nanotubes with tube diameters that ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 nm using time-correlated single photon counting. Each nanotube species was excited resonantly at the second excited state, E-2, and PL was detected at the lowest energy exciton emission, E-1. In a 10 ns window, the PL decays were described well by a biexponential fitting function with two characteristic time constants, suggesting that at least two kinetically distinct relaxation processes were observed. The dominant decay component increased from 60 to 200 ps with increasing tube diameter, while the lesser component, which contributed up to 8% of the total decay, increased from 200 ps to 4.8 ns. The observation of the second, longer decay time component is examined in terms of two possible models: an extrinsic behavior that implicates sample inhomogeneity and an intrinsic process associated with interconversion between kinetically distinct bright and dark exciton states. A common conclusion from both models is that nonradiative decay controls the PL decay by a process that is diameter dependent. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rumbles, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM garry_rumbles@nrel.gov; michael_heben@nrel.gov RI Jones, Marcus/B-3291-2008; Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011; Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013; OI Jones, Marcus/0000-0001-9912-1168; Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1021/nl0622808 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136EX UT WOS:000244206500015 PM 17243749 ER PT J AU Gur, I Fromer, NA Chen, CP Kanaras, AG Alivisatos, AP AF Gur, Ilan Fromer, Neil A. Chen, Chih-Ping Kanaras, Antonios G. Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Hybrid solar cells with prescribed nanoscale morphologies based on hyperbranched semiconductor nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; CHARGE SEPARATION; COMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NETWORKS; DEVICES AB In recent years, the search to develop large-area solar cells at low cost has led to research on photovoltaic (PV) systems based on nanocomposites containing conjugated polymers. These composite films can be synthesized and processed at lower costs and with greater versatility than the solid state inorganic semiconductors that comprise today's solar cells. However, the best nanocomposite solar cells are based on a complex architecture, consisting of a fine blend of interpenetrating and percolating donor and acceptor materials. Cell performance is strongly dependent on blend morphology, and solution-based fabrication techniques often result in uncontrolled and irreproducible blends, whose composite morphologies are difficult to characterize accurately. Here we incorporate three-dimensional hyperbranched colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals in solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells, yielding reproducible and controlled nanoscale morphology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ind Technol Res Inst, Mat & Chem Res Labs, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kanaras, Antonios/A-4898-2010; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Chen, ChihPing/D-1416-2014; OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Chen, ChihPing/0000-0002-0281-7554; Kanaras, Antonios/0000-0002-9847-6706 NR 27 TC 387 Z9 391 U1 7 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1021/nl062660t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136EX UT WOS:000244206500035 PM 17298008 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS Zhang, JZ Clausen, B Shen, TD Gray, GT Wang, LP AF Zhao, Yusheng Zhang, Jianzhong Clausen, Bjorn Shen, T. D. Gray, George T., III Wang, Liping TI Thermomechanics of nanocrystalline nickel under high pressure-temperature conditions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; CONTRAST AB We present a comparative study of thermomechanical properties of nano-polycrystalline nickel (nano-Ni) and micrometer-polycrystalline nickel (micron-Ni) by in situ high pressure-temperature (P-T) diffraction experiments. The yield strength of 2.35 GPa for the nano-Ni measured under high-pressure triaxial compression is more than three times that of the micron-Ni value. Contrary to tensile experiments of uniaxial loading, we observe significant work-hardening for the nano-Ni in high-pressure plastic deformation stage, whereas the micron-Ni experiences minor high-pressure work-softening and considerable energy dissipation into heat. The significantly reduced energy dissipation for the nano-Ni during the loading-unloading cycle indicates that the nanostructured materials can endure much greater mechanical fatigue in cyclic loadings. The nano-Ni exhibits steady grain growth during bulk plastic deformation at high-pressure loading, and drastic stress reduction and grain growth occur during the high P-T cycle. Our experiments utilized novel approaches to comparatively study micro- and nanostructured materials revealing recoverability of elastic/plastic deformations, strain corrections by diffraction elasticity ratio, and identifying dominances of stress relaxation, grain growth, and intrinsic residual stresses. The results should be of considerable interest to the fields of materials science, condensed matter, and computational physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Stony Brook, COMPRES, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhao@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 7 IS 2 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1021/nl062685s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 136EX UT WOS:000244206500038 PM 17298011 ER PT J AU Kim, W Wang, R Majumdar, A AF Kim, Woochul Wang, Robert Majumdar, Arun TI Nanostructuring expands thermal limits SO NANO TODAY LA English DT Review ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE; WALL CARBON NANOTUBE; BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; PARTICULATE MEDIA; CRYSTAL DYNAMICS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; HEAT-FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE AB Scientists and engineers can exploit nanostructures to manipulate thermal transport in solids. This is possible because the dominant heat carriers in nonmetals - crystal vibrations (or phonons) - have characteristic lengths in the nanometer range. We review research where this approach is used and propose future research directions. For instance, concepts such as phonon filtering, correlated scattering, and waveguiding could expand the extremes of thermal transport in both the insulating and conducting limits. This will have major implications on energy conservation and conversion, information technology, and thermal management systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu RI Wang, Robert/A-5801-2013 NR 69 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1748-0132 J9 NANO TODAY JI Nano Today PD FEB PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S1748-0132(07)70018-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 139UP UT WOS:000244458400018 ER PT J AU Giri, S Trewyn, BG Lin, VSY AF Giri, Supratim Trewyn, Brian G. Lin, Victor S. Y. TI Mesoporous silica nanomaterial-based biotechnological and biomedical delivery systems SO NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Nanomedicine held at the 233rd National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY SEP, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE biocompatibilily; controlled release; drug delivery; gene transfer; MCM-41; mesoporous silica nanoparticle; stimuli-responsive; transmembrane ID RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; CONTROLLED DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SOL-GEL; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; INVIVO DATA; NANOPARTICLES; LIPOSOMES AB This review details the recent advancements in the design of mesoporous silica nanomaterials for controlled release drug, gene and neurotransmitter delivery applications. The high surface area (>900 m(2)/g), tunable pore diameter (2-20 nm) and uniform mesoporous structure (hexagonal channels or cubic pores) of the mesoporous silicas offer a unique advantage for loading and releasing large quantities of biomedical agents. Recent breakthroughs in controlling the particle size and shape of these materials have greatly improved the biocompatibility and the cellular uptake efficiency. The strategy of using various removable capping moieties, such as photo- or redox-responsive organic groups, inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers and polymers, to encapsulate guest biomolecules inside the porous matrices further enables the utilization of these surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanomaterials for stimuli-responsive controlled release in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the reviewed studies, many new and exciting applications of these novel materials will soon be realized. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, VSY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vsylin@iastate.edu NR 55 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 50 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1743-5889 J9 NANOMEDICINE-UK JI Nanomedicine PD FEB PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.2217/17435889.2.1.99 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 138GC UT WOS:000244350100015 PM 17716196 ER PT J AU Rahn, T AF Rahn, Thom TI Hydrology - Tropical rain recycling SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER-VAPOR; DEUTERIUM; CLOUDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rahn, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM trahn@lanl.gov RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; OI Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7127 BP 495 EP 496 DI 10.1038/445495a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131KI UT WOS:000243867300027 PM 17268458 ER PT J AU Tombola, F Pathak, MM Gorostiza, P Isacoff, EY AF Tombola, Francesco Pathak, Medha M. Gorostiza, Pau Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI The twisted ion-permeation pathway of a resting voltage-sensing domain SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FOCUSED ELECTRIC-FIELD; SHAKER K+ CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; TRANSMEMBRANE MOVEMENT; SENSOR; PORE; DISPLACEMENT; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; MODELS AB Proteins containing voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) translate changes in membrane potential into changes in ion permeability or enzymatic activity(1-3). In channels, voltage change triggers a switch in conformation of the VSD, which drives gating in a separate pore domain, or, in channels lacking a pore domain, directly gates an ion pathway within the VSD4,5. Neither mechanism is well understood(6). In the Shaker potassium channel, mutation of the first arginine residue of the S4 helix to a smaller uncharged residue makes the VSD permeable to ions ('omega current') in the resting conformation ('S4 down')(7). Here we perform a structure-guided perturbation analysis of the omega conductance to map its VSD permeation pathway. We find that there are four omega pores per channel, which is consistent with one conduction path per VSD. Permeating ions from the extracellular medium enter the VSD at its peripheral junction with the pore domain, and then plunge into the core of the VSD in a curved conduction pathway. Our results provide a model of the resting conformation of the VSD. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu RI Tombola, Francesco/C-7311-2011; Gorostiza, Pau/Q-2544-2015 OI Gorostiza, Pau/0000-0002-7268-5577 NR 25 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 445 IS 7127 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1038/nature05396 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 131KI UT WOS:000243867300045 PM 17187057 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ Talapin, DV Shevchenko, EV Kagan, CR Murray, CB AF Urban, Jeffrey J. Talapin, Dmitri V. Shevchenko, Elena V. Kagan, Cherie R. Murray, Christopher B. TI Synergismin binary nanocrystal superlattices leads to enhanced p-type conductivity in self-assembled PbTe/Ag-2 Te thin films SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SILICON; TRANSPORT; TELLURIDE; CRYSTALS; DEVICES; DIAMOND; SILVER; MERIT AB The ordered cocrystallization of nanoparticles into binary superlattices enables close contact of nanocrystals with distinct physical properties, providing a route to 'metamaterials' design. Here we present the first electronic measurements of multicomponent nanocrystal solids composed of PbTe and Ag2Te, demonstrating synergistic effects leading to enhanced p-type conductivity. First, syntheses of size-tuneable PbTe and Ag2Te nanocrystals are presented, along with deposition as thin-film nanocrystal solids, whose electronic transport properties are characterized. Next, assembly of PbTe and Ag2Te nanocrystals into AB binary nanocrystal superlattices is demonstrated. Furthermore, binary composites of varying PbTe-Ag2Te stoichiometry (1: 1 and 5: 1) are prepared and electronically characterized. These composites show strongly enhanced ( conductance similar to 100-fold increased in 1: 1 composites over the sum of individual conductances of single-component PbTe and Ag2Te films) p-type electronic conductivity. This observation, consistent with the role of Ag2Te as a p-type dopant in bulk PbTe, demonstrates that nanocrystals can behave as dopants in nanostructured assemblies. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Nanoscale Mat & Devices Grp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Nanoscale Mat & Devices Grp, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM urban@post.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 326 Z9 328 U1 19 U2 221 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1038/nmat1826 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 132KN UT WOS:000243941800017 PM 17237786 ER PT J AU de Leon, MJ Mosconi, L Logan, J AF de Leon, Mony J. Mosconi, Lisa Logan, Jean TI Seeing what Alzheimer saw SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; DISEASE; BRAIN; DIAGNOSIS; DECLINE; TAU; PET AB The ability to visualize brain pathology in living individuals with Alzheimer disease could change how the disease is diagnosed and drugs to treat it tested. A recently developed positron emission tomography tracer helps to image fibrillar amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangles and brings us closer to this goal. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA. Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP de Leon, MJ (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, 560 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM mony.deleon@med.nyu.edu OI de Leon, Mony/0000-0003-2245-4380 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1038/nm0207-129 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 133RW UT WOS:000244031700018 PM 17290268 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Newcorn, J Fowler, JS Telang, F Solanto, MV Logan, J Wong, C Ma, YM Swanson, JM Schulz, K Pradhan, K AF Volkow, Nora D. Wang, Gene-Jack Newcorn, Jeffrey Fowler, Joanna S. Telang, Frank Solanto, Mary V. Logan, Jean Wong, Christopher Ma, Yeming Swanson, James M. Schulz, Kurt Pradhan, Kith TI Brain dopamine transporter levels in treatment and drug naive adults with ADHD SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE PET; saliency; caudate; hypothalamus; nucleus accumbens; noradrenergic; stimulants ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BASAL GANGLIA; METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; COCAINE BINDING; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; BLOOD-FLOW; IN-VIVO; CHILDREN AB Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in children, yet data are sparse on its pathophysiology. Particularly relevant are the dopamine transporters since these are the main targets of stimulant medications used for ADHD treatment. Though some imaging studies have shown increases in dopamine transporters in ADHD others have not and their role in the neurobiology of ADHD remains unclear. Here we investigate dopamine transporters in ADHD subjects with control of potentially confounding factors (previous medication and/or drug histories, comorbidity) and their association with clinical symptoms. Positron emission tomography and [C-11]cocaine were used to measure dopamine transporters in 20 never medicated adults with ADHD and 25 controls. Dopamine transporters were lower in left caudate (13%, p < 0.05) and in left nucleus accumbens (p < 0.005) in ADHD subjects than in controls. In putamen dopamine transporters did not differ between groups but were associated with scores of inattention (Conners Adult Attention Rating Scale) both in ADHD subjects (p < 0.005) and in controls (p < 0.005). Thus, for a given transporter level the scores for inattention were on average five times greater in ADHD subjects than in controls. These results do not corroborate increases in dopamine transporters in ADHD subjects and show that in some they are reduced. It also provides evidence that dopamine transporter levels modulate attention but suggest that additional pathology (e.g., prefrontal or cingulostriatal pathways, noradrenergic neurotransmission) is necessary to account for the large differences in inattention observed between controls and ADHD subjects. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274,MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov OI Solanto, Mary/0000-0002-3153-9610; Newcorn, Jeffrey /0000-0001-8993-9337; Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIMH NIH HHS [MH66961-02] NR 67 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1182 EP 1190 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.10.014 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 129VR UT WOS:000243758700028 PM 17126039 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG AF Kondev, F. G. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=201 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; ALPHA-DECAY PROPERTIES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; POLONIUM ISOTOPES; CONVERSION ELECTRON; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ASTATINE ISOTOPES; GAMMA-RAYS; DIRECTIONAL CORRELATIONS AB Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all nuclei within the A=201 mass chain are presented. This work supercedes the earlier full evaluation by M. Schmorak (1986Se31) published in Nuclear Data Shevis 49, 7:13 (1986) and the update by S. Rab (1994Ra12), published in Nuclear Date Sheets 71, 121 (1994). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 151 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD FEB PY 2007 VL 108 IS 2 BP 365 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.01.004 PG 88 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 142LR UT WOS:000244651900002 ER PT J AU Samulyak, R Lu, TS Parks, P AF Samulyak, Roman Lu, Tianshi Parks, Paul TI A magnetohydrodynamic simulation of pellet ablation in the electrostatic approximation SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE TRACKING; ATOMIC PROCESSES; HYDROGEN PELLET; TOKAMAK; CLOUD; FLOW; PLASMA; FIELD AB A magnetohydrodynamic numerical model for hydrogenic pellet ablation in the electrostatic approximation has been developed based on the method of front tracking. The main features of the model are the explicit tracking of interfaces that separate the solid pellet from the ablated gas and the cold, dense and weakly ionized ablation cloud from the highly conducting fusion plasma, a surface ablation model, a kinetic model for the electron heat flux and an equation of state accounting for atomic processes in the ablation cloud. The interaction of the pellet ablation flow with the magnetic field including the J x B Lorentz force is studied here systematically for the first time. The model has also been validated through the comparison with the semi-analytic Transonic Flow model and previous purely hydrodynamic simulations. Contrary to prevailing expectations, the ablation rate is reduced only slightly when the geometry is changed from spherically symmetric to axially symmetric, in the case of purely hydrodynamic models. However, in the magnetohydrodynamic simulations the J x B force funnels the flow into an extended plasma shield, which intercepts the incident plasma heat flux and reduces the ablation rate, depending on the rise time of heat flux seen by the pellet. Shorter 'warm-up' times lead to narrower ablation channels, stronger shielding and reduced ablation rates. This new feature implies that pellets traversing strong plasma gradients, as in the edge pedestal region of the ITER plasma, could have significantly lower ablation rates if injected at higher velocity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Samulyak, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/2/005 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 149XC UT WOS:000245179200005 ER PT J AU Corre, Y Gunn, J Pegourie, B Guirlet, R De Michelis, C Giannellal, R Ghendrih, P Hogan, J Monier-Garbet, P Azeroual, A Escarguel, A Gauthier, E AF Corre, Y. Gunn, J. Pegourie, B. Guirlet, R. De Michelis, C. Giannellal, R. Ghendrih, P. Hogan, J. Monier-Garbet, P. Azeroual, A. Escarguel, A. Gauthier, E. TI Plasnna flow and carbon production and circulation with the ergodic divertor of Tore Supra SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D-ALPHA LINE; PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; IMPURITIES; RADIATION; OPERATION; BOUNDARY; TOKAMAKS AB This paper presents a detailed study of carbon production and transport from the ergodic divertor (ED) target plates to the plasma core in the Tore Supra tokamak. Adapted experimental and numerical modelling techniques have been used to describe each of the main phenomena in play. Edge electron density and temperature are measured with Langmuir probes. The C II, C III and H-alpha emission is measured with optical fibres and cameras. The background plasma flow is calculated consistently with the observed recycling pattern by the neutral transport code EDCOLL for the two magnetic connection schemes of interest (short or long connection lengths). 3D Monte-Carlo modelling of carbon near the neutralizer plate (BBQ code) shows that the transport of carbon ions is governed by the friction force in addition to the electric field. Finally, a simplified 3D test particle model is used to estimate the core penetration fraction of carbon. A high value is found for the carbon screening efficiency (fraction of particles that does not penetrate in the plasma core), in the range 95-97% depending on the edge plasma conditions. This value, combined with the calculated carbon influxes, yields the first quantitative estimate of the carbon core contamination during ED operation. The paper shows that the screening of carbon and core contamination are mainly dependent on the carbon source (partially controlled with the ED) and the plasma flow distribution in the laminar region (magnetic topology and particle drifts). C1 CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA Fus Controlee, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Corre, Y (reprint author), CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA Fus Controlee, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RI GAUTHIER, Eric/E-1076-2011 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2007 VL 47 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/2/006 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 149XC UT WOS:000245179200006 ER PT J AU Woody, C Vaska, P Schlyer, D Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S Park, SJ Stoll, S Purschke, M Southekal, S Kriplani, A Krishnamoorthy, S Maramraju, S Lee, D Schiffer, W Dewey, S Neill, J Kandasamy, A O'Connor, P Radeka, V Fontaine, R Lecomte, R AF Woody, C. Vaska, P. Schlyer, D. Pratte, J. -F. Junnarkar, S. Park, S. -J Stoll, S. Purschke, M. Southekal, S. Kriplani, A. Krishnamoorthy, S. Maramraju, S. Lee, D. Schiffer, W. Dewey, S. Neill, J. Kandasamy, A. O'Connor, P. Radeka, V. Fontaine, R. Lecomte, R. TI Initial studies using the RatCAP conscious animal PET tomograph SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone, Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE RatCAP; PET; awake animal; conscious animal ID BRAIN AB The RatCAP is a small, head-mounted PET tomograph designed to image the brain of a conscious rat without the use of anesthesia. The detector is a complete, high-performance 3D tomograph consisting of a 3.8 cm inside-diameter ring containing 12 block detectors, each of which is comprised of a 4 x 8 array of 2.2 x 2.2 x 5 mm(3) LSO crystals readout with a matching APD array and custom ASIC, and has a 1.8cm axial field of view. Construction of the first working prototype detector has been completed and its performance characteristics have been measured. The results show an intrinsic spatial resolution of 2.1 mm, a time resolution of similar to 14 ns FWHM, and a sensitivity of 0.7% at an energy threshold of 150keV. First preliminary images have been obtained using F-18-FDG and C-11-methamphetamine, which show comparable image quality to those obtained from a commercial MicroPET R4 scanner. Initial studies have also been carried out to study stress levels in rats wearing the RatCAP. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Long Isl Univ, Brookville, NY USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov; Rejean.Fontaine@Usherbrooke.ca; Roger.Lecomte@usherbrooke.ca RI Southekal, Sudeepti/E-6100-2015; OI Southekal, Sudeepti/0000-0002-5540-5000; LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.019 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100005 ER PT J AU Loudos, G Majewski, S Wojcik, R Weisenberger, A Sakellios, N Nikita, K Uzunoglu, N Bouziotis, P Varvarigou, A AF Loudos, George Majewski, Stan Wojcik, Randy Weisenberger, Andrew Sakellios, Nicolas Nikita, Konstantina Uzunoglu, Nikolaos Bouziotis, Penelope Varvarigou, Alexandra TI Performance evaluation of a mouse-sized camera for dynamic studies in small animals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone, Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE small animal imaging; dynamic studies; mouse-sized camera; PSPMTs; radiopharmaceuticals evaluation ID RESOLUTION; TOMOGRAPHY AB A mouse sized camera has been built in terms of collaboration between the presenting institutions. The system is used for the performance of dynamic studies in small animals, in order to evaluate novel radiopharmaceuticals. The active area of the detector is approximately 48 x 96 mm allowing depiction of the entire mouse in a single view. The system is based on two flat-panel Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT), a pixellated NaI(Tl) scintillator and a copper-beryllium (CuBe) parallel-hole collimator. In this work, the evaluation results of the system are presented, using phantoms and small animals injected with conventional radiophrmaceuticals. Average resolution was similar to 1.6 mm on the collimator surface and increased to similar to 4.1 mm in 12cm distance from the detector. The average energy resolution was measured and found to be similar to 15.6% for Tc(99m). Results from imaging thin capillaries demonstrated system's high resolution and sensitivity in activity variations was shown. Initial dynamic studies have been carried out in small animals injected with Tc(99m)-DTPA and Tc(99m)-MDP. The results show system's ability to perform kinetic imaging in small animals. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, NIMgrp, Biomed Simulat & Imaging Applicat Lab, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Zografos 15780, Greece. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Zografos 15780, Greece. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Radioisotopes Radiodiagnost Prod, Athens 15310, Greece. RP Loudos, G (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, NIMgrp, Biomed Simulat & Imaging Applicat Lab, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Iroon Polytech 9, Zografos 15780, Greece. EM gloudos@central.ntua.gr NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.026 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100012 ER PT J AU Cusanno, F Cisbani, E Colilli, S Fratoni, R Garibaldi, F Giuliani, F Gricia, M Lucentini, M Magliozzi, ML Santarivenere, F Torrioli, S Cinti, MN Pani, R Pellegrini, R Simonetti, G Schillaci, O Del Vecchio, S Salvatore, M Majewski, S De Vincentis, G Scopinaro, F AF Cusanno, F. Cisbani, E. Colilli, S. Fratoni, R. Garibaldi, F. Giuliani, F. Gricia, M. Lucentini, M. Magliozzi, M. L. Santarivenere, F. Torrioli, S. Cinti, M. N. Pani, R. Pellegrini, R. Simonetti, G. Schillaci, O. Del Vecchio, S. Salvatore, M. Majewski, S. De Vincentis, G. Scopinaro, F. TI Molecular breast imaging: First results from Italian-National-Institute-of-Health clinical trials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone, Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE breast cancer; high resolution molecular imaghing; radionuclides ID COMPACT GAMMA CAMERAS; SCINTILLATION CAMERA; OPTIMIZATION AB Dedicated high resolution detectors are needed for detection of small tumors by molecular imaging with radionuclides. Absorptive collimation are typically used for imaging single photon emitters, but it results in a strong reduction in efficiency. Systems based on electronic collimation offer higher efficiency but they are complex and expensive. In case of scintimammography, dual-head detectors increase sensitivity and cancel out the dependence of the lesion depth. In the system presented here, pixellated scintillator arrays (NaI:Tl) were coupled to arrays of PSPMT's, HPK H8500 Flat Panel. A dual-head detector having field of view of 100 x 100 min(2) and 150 x 200 mm(2) were designed and built. The electronic system allows readout of all the anode pad signals. First clinical trials, performed in the framework of the Scintimarnmography project of Italian National Institute of Health and University of Tor Vergata in Rome, and University of Naples, are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp San, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. CNR, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Cusanno, F (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM francesco.cusanno@iss.infn.it RI Pellegrini, Rosanna/I-4021-2012; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Pellegrini, Rosanna/0000-0002-4082-5272; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Maria Nerina, Cinti/0000-0002-4876-4558; DEL VECCHIO, Silvana/0000-0002-5466-1213; SCHILLACI, ORAZIO/0000-0002-6176-2805; Scopinaro, Francesco/0000-0003-1924-3005; De Vincentis, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4690-1528 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.033 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100019 ER PT J AU Woody, C Schlyer, D Vaska, P Tomasi, D Solis-Najera, S Rooney, W Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S Stoll, S Master, Z Purschke, M Park, SJ Southekal, S Kriplani, A Krishnamoorthy, S Maramraju, S O'Connor, P Radeka, V AF Woody, C. Schlyer, D. Vaska, P. Tomasi, D. Solis-Najera, S. Rooney, W. Pratte, J. -F. Junnarkar, S. Stoll, S. Master, Z. Purschke, M. Park, S. -J Southekal, S. Kriplani, A. Krishnamoorthy, S. Maramraju, S. O'Connor, P. Radeka, V. TI Preliminary studies of a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner based on the RatCAP small animal tomograph SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone,Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE PET; PET/MRI; simultaneous PET/MRI; RatCAP ID DETECTOR AB We are developing a scanner that will allow simultaneous acquisition of high resolution anatomical data using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative physiological data using positron emission tomography (PET). The approach is based on the technology used for the RatCAP conscious small animal PET tomograph which utilizes block detectors consisting of pixelated arrays of LSO crystals read out with matching arrays of avalanche photodiodes and a custom-designed ASIC. The version of this detector used for simultaneous PET/MRI imaging will be constructed out of all nonmagnetic materials and will be situated inside the MRI field. We have demonstrated that the PET detector and its electronics can be operated inside the MRI, and have obtained MRI images with various detector components located inside the MRI field. The MRI images show minimal distortion in this configuration even where some components still contain traces of certain magnetic materials. We plan to improve on the image quality in the future using completely non-magnetic components and by tuning the MRI pulse sequences. The combined result will be a highly compact, low mass PET scanner that can operate inside an MRI magnet without distorting the MRI image, and can be retrofitted into existing MRI instruments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 9 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.039 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100025 ER PT J AU Cisbani, E Cusanno, F Garibaldi, F Magliozzi, ML Majewski, S Torrioli, S Tsui, BMW AF Cisbani, E. Cusanno, F. Garibaldi, F. Magliozzi, M. L. Majewski, S. Torrioli, S. Tsui, B. M. W. TI Molecular imaging with radionuclides, a powerful technique for studying biological processes in vivo SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone,Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE molecular imaging; SPECT; gamma camera; atherosclerosis; stem cells AB Our team is carrying on a systematic study devoted to the design of a SPECT detector with submillimeter resolution and adequate sensitivity (1 cps/kBq). Such system will be used for functional imaging of biological processes at molecular level in small animal. The system requirements have been defined by two relevant applications: study of atherosclerotic plaques characterization and stem cells diffusion and homing. In order to minimize costs and implementation time, the gamma detector will be based-as much as possible-on conventional components: scintillator crystal and position sensitive PhotoMultipliers read by individual channel electronics. A coded aperture collimator should be adapted to maximize the efficiency. The optimal selection of the detector components is investigated by systematic use of Monte-Carlo simulations (and laboratory validation tests); and finally preliminary results are presented and discussed here. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Cisbani, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM cisbani@iss.infn.it RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011 OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.054 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100040 ER PT J AU Maramraju, S Stoll, S Woody, C Schlyer, D Schiffer, W Lee, D Dewey, S Vaska, P AF Maramraju, S. Stoll, S. Woody, C. Schlyer, D. Schiffer, W. Lee, D. Dewey, S. Vaska, P. TI A LSO beta microprobe for measuring input functions for quantitative small animal PET SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Molecular Imaging Technology CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP Univ Mediterranean, CERN, Govt City Marseilles, Bouches du Rhone,Gen Council Bouches, CISBIO, SCIONIX DE microprobe; LSO; input function; small animal PET ID VIVO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS; INTRACEREBRAL RADIOSENSITIVE PROBE; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS AB A miniature scintillation microprobe has been developed to measure the input function in live rodents for use in longitudinal, quantitative PET studies. The probe consists of a small lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal measuring typically 0.34.5 mm diameter x 0.5-2 mm in length that is used to directly detect positrons in the blood or tissue. The probe has a sensitivity of 10-30 Hz/mu Ci/cm(3) and is primarily sensitive to short-range positrons emitted by labeled radiotracers in the blood. The sensitivity to gamma-ray background can be minimized using a variable threshold in the readout to discriminate between positrons and gamma's. The probe was implanted in one of the tail veins of a Sprague-Dawley rat and the input function was measured for the injection of 0.8 mCi of FDG in the other tail vein. The probe exhibits a fast time response that is able to quickly and accurately measure the concentration of F-18 circulating in the bloodstream. Additional tests were also carried out to study the probe's sensitivity to gamma-ray background. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 571 IS 1-2 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.121 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 141SN UT WOS:000244599100099 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zu, XT Xiao, HY Gao, F Heinisch, HL Kurtz, RJ Wang, ZG Liu, KZ AF Yang, L. Zu, X. T. Xiao, H. Y. Gao, F. Heinisch, H. L. Kurtz, R. J. Wang, Z. G. Liu, K. Z. TI Stability of helium clusters during displacement cascades SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE alpha-Fe; displacement cascade; He-vacancy cluster; molecular dynamics ID VACANCY CLUSTERS; STAINLESS-STEEL; ALPHA-IRON; FE; SIMULATION; METALS; MD AB The interactions of displacement cascades with helium-vacancy clusters in alpha-Fe are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Initial He-vacancy clusters consist of 20 vacancies with a helium-to-vacancy ratio ranged from 0.2 to 3 and primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy, E-p, varies from 2 keV to 10 keV. The results show that the effect of displacement cascades on a helium-vacancy cluster strongly depends on the helium-to-vacancy ratio and PKA energy. For the same PKA energy, the size of helium-vacancy clusters increases with the He/V ratio, but for the same ratio, the cluster size changes more significantly with increasing PKA energy. It has been observed that the He-vacancy clusters (He-V) can be dissolved for the He/V ratio less than 1, but they are able to renucleate during the thermal spike phase, forming small He-V nuclei. For the He/V ratio larger than 1, the He-V clusters are very stable for the energies considered and they can absorb a number of vacancies produced by displacement cascades, forming larger He-V clusters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. China W Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Informat, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. China Acad Engn Phys, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM yanglilkd@yahoo.com.cn; xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.064 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700014 ER PT J AU Foiles, SM AF Foiles, Stephen M. TI Detailed characterization of defect production in molecular dynamics simulations of cascades in Si SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE molecular dynamics; cascades; silicon; point defects; amorphous ID SILICON; DAMAGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; APPROXIMATION; METALS; MODEL AB Numerous molecular dynamics simulation studies of radiation cascades in Si have elucidated many of the general features of the initial defect production. However, the resulting defect structures have been analyzed with techniques that are not sensitive to changes in the local bonding topology. Here the results of analyzing the ring content in Si cascades, in addition to more traditional defect characterization such as Wigner-Seitz cell analysis, will be presented for recoil energies ranging from 25 eV up to 25 keV. The ring content of local amorphous regions in the cascades will be compared to the ring content in simulations of bulk amorphous Si. The number of atoms in the amorphous regions and the number of point defects as a function of recoil energy are determined. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM foiles@sandia.gov OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.013 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700021 ER PT J AU Hjalmarson, HP Pease, RL Van Ginhoven, RM Schultz, PA Modine, NA AF Hjalmarson, H. P. Pease, R. L. Van Ginhoven, R. M. Schultz, P. A. Modine, N. A. TI Electrical effects of transient neutron irradiation of silicon devices SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE silicon; silicon dioxide; neutron irradiation; ionizing radiation; diodes; interstitials; vacancies; interface traps ID INTERSTITIAL MIGRATION; DIFFUSION; RADIATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; RECOMBINATION; MECHANISM; DEFECTS; MODEL AB The key effects of combined transient neutron and ionizing radiation on silicon diodes and bipolar junctions transistors are described. The results show that interstitial defect reactions dominate the annealing effects in the first stage of annealing for certain devices. Furthermore, the results show that oxide trapped charge can influence the effects of bulk silicon displacement damage for particular devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Hjalmarson, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS1322,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hphjalm@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.123 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700024 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Devanathan, R. Gao, F. Weber, W. J. TI Atomistic modeling of amorphous silicon carbide using a bond-order potential SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE SiC; amorphous; molecular dynamics; short-range order; chemical disorder ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL ORDER; AMORPHIZATION; SIMULATION; ALLOYS; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB Molecular dynamics simulations were performed with a Brenner-type bond-order potential to study the melting of silicon carbide (SiC), the structure of amorphous SiC produced by quenching from the melt, and the evolution of the amorphous state after isochronal annealing at elevated temperatures. The simulations reveal that SiC melts above 3700 K with an enthalpy of fusion of about 0.6 eV/atom. The density of the quenched liquid is about 2820 kg/m(3), in excellent agreement with the experimental value for SiC amorphized by neutron irradiation. In addition to the loss of long-range order, the quenched liquid shows short-range disorder as measured by the C homo-nuclear bond ratio. Upon annealing, there is partial recovery of short-range order. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamentale Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamentale Sci Directorate, MS K8-93,POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.045 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700027 ER PT J AU Gao, F Zhang, Y Devanathan, R Posselt, M Weber, WJ AF Gao, F. Zhang, Y. Devanathan, R. Posselt, M. Weber, W. J. TI Atomistic simulations of epitaxial recrystallization in 4H-SiC along the [0001] direction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE defects; epitaxial recrystallization; computer simulations; silicon carbide ID DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB Molecular dynamics methods have been employed to study epitaxial recrystallization and the amorphous-to-crystalline (a-c) transition in 4H-SiC along the [0001] direction, with simulation times of up to a few hundred nanoseconds and at temperatures of 1500 and 2000 K. The results are compared with those simulated previously along the [(1) over bar2 (1) over bar0] and [(1) over bar 010] directions to investigate the anisotropies of recrystallization processes. The recovery of bond defects at the interfaces is an important process driving the initial epitaxial recrystallization of the amorphous layers. The amorphous layers with the a-c interface normal along the [0001] direction can be completely recrystallized at 2000 K, but the recrystallized region contains dislocation loops. The temperature required for complete recrystallization is in good agreement with those observed experimentally. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.016 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700028 ER PT J AU Rushton, MJD Stanek, CR Cleave, AR Uberuaga, BP Sickafus, KE Grimes, RW AF Rushton, M. J. D. Stanek, Christopher R. Cleave, Antony R. Uberuaga, Blas P. Sickafus, Kurt E. Grimes, Robin W. TI Simulation of defects and defect processes in fluorite and fluorite related oxides: Implications for radiation tolerance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE radiation damage; defects; computer simulation; fluorite; pyrochlore ID A(2)B(2)O(7) PYROCHLORES; WASTE FORM; OXYGEN-ION; DISORDER; MIGRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; GADOLINIUM; PLUTONIUM; DYNAMICS; GD2TI2O7 AB Atomic scale computer simulation is used to study four defect related processes across a broad range of A(2)(3+)B(2)(4+)O(7) composition that exhibit pyrochlore or the parent fluorite structures. The first set of results concern the energy for a local disorder process, through which the compositional ranges of stability of the structures are discussed. Second, the propensity of a given composition to exhibit either trivalent excess or tetravalent excess non-stoichiometry is considered. Third, the volume expansion upon transformation from pyrochlore to fluorite or pyrochlore to amorphous is presented. Lastly, the activation energy for oxygen ion migration is determined and the migration mechanisms considered. All these processes have a bearing on the propensity of a composition to resist radiation induced amorphisation. By considering the relative energies and volume changes as a function of composition these simulations identify regions of compositional significance. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. EM r.grimes@imperial.ac.uk RI Rushton, Michael/C-9437-2012 OI Rushton, Michael/0000-0001-7650-4377 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.018 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700031 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Durham, P Du, J Corrales, LR Bringa, EM AF Devanathan, R. Durham, P. Du, J. Corrales, L. R. Bringa, E. M. TI Molecular dynamics simulation of amorphization in forsterite by cosmic rays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE cosmic ray interactions; interstellar dust; amorphization; silicate; forsterite; molecular dynamics simulation ID TRACK AB We have examined cosmic ray interactions with silicate dust grains by simulating a thermal spike in a 1.25 million atom forsterite (Mg2SiO4) crystal with periodic boundaries. Spikes were generated by giving a kinetic energy of I or 2 eV to every atom within a cylinder of radius 1.73 mn along the [001] direction. An amorphous track of radius similar to 3 nm was produced for the 2 eV/atom case, but practically no amorphization was produced for I eV/atom because of effective dynamic annealing. Chemical segregation was not observed in the track. These results agree with recent experimental studies of ion irradiation effects in silicates, and indicate that cosmic rays can cause the amorphization of interstellar dust. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011; Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.021 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700034 ER PT J AU Du, JC Corrales, LR AF Du, Jincheng Corrales, L. Rene TI Erbium implantation in silica studied by molecular dynamics simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE ion implantation; molecular dynamics simulation; erbium doped silica; optical materials; displacement cascade ID DEFECT PRODUCTION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; COLLISION CASCADES; DAMAGE; GLASS AB Defect formation induced by erbium implantation in silica glass and cristobalite was studied using molecular dynamics simulations employing a partial charge model in combination with the ZBL potential. The results show that the number of displaced atoms generated at the same PKA energy is similar in silica and cristobalite but the number of coordination defects created is much lower in the cristobalite than in silica glass. In both cases, the erbium ion is able to create an optimal coordination environment at the end of the collision cascade. Subsequent thermal annealing causes the relaxation of the silicon oxygen network structure along with a reduction of silicon and oxygen defects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lrcorral@email.arizona.edu RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.065 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700035 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Hjalmarson, HP AF Van Ginhoven, R. M. Hjalmarson, H. P. TI Atomistic simulation of Si/SiO2 interfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE silicon dioxide; DFT; silicon; interface; amorphous silica ID SI(100)-SIO2 INTERFACE; SIO2/SI INTERFACE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Atomistic models of the S(100)/SiO2 interface were generated using a classical reactive force field, and subsequently optimized using density functional theory. The interfaces consist of amorphous oxide bound to crystalline silicon substrate. Each system has a sub-oxide layer of partially oxidized silicon atoms at the interface, and a distribution of oxygen-deficient centers in the oxide. Both periodic and slab configurations are considered. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Van Ginhoven, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmvangi@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.022 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700036 ER PT J AU Du, JC Corrales, LR Tsemekhman, K Bylaska, EJ AF Du, Jincheng Corrales, L. Rene Tsemekhman, Kiril Bylaska, Eric J. TI Electron, hole and exciton self-trapping in germanium doped silica glass from DFT calculations with self-interaction correction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE germanium doped silica glass; ultraviolet radiation effect; self-trapped exciton; electronic structure; density functional theory; hybrid functional ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; EXACT-EXCHANGE; OPTICAL FIBER; ALPHA-QUARTZ; CENTERS; CRYSTALLINE; SYSTEMS AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to understand the refractive index change in germanium doped silica glasses for the trapped states of electronic excitations induced by UV irradiation. Local structure relaxation and excess electron density distribution were calculated upon self-trapping of an excess electron, hole, and exciton in germanium doped silica glass. The results show that both the trapped exciton and excess electron are highly localized on germanium ion and, to some extent, on its oxygen neighbors. Exciton self-trapping is found to lead to the formation of a Ge E' center and a non-bridging hole center. Electron trapping changes the GeO4 tetrahedron structure into trigonal bi-pyramid with the majority of the excess electron density located along the equatorial line. The self-trapped hole is localized on bridging oxygen ions that are not coordinated to germanium atoms that lead to elongation of the Si-O bonds and change of the Si-O-Si bond angles. We carried out a comparative study of standard DFT versus DFT with a hybrid PBE0 exchange and correlation functional. The results show that the two methods give qualitatively similar relaxed structure and charge distribution for electron and exciton trapping in germanium doped silica glass; however, only the PBE0 functional produces the self-trapped hole. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jd9xc@virginia.edu; Ircorral@ernail.arizona.edu RI Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.066 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700037 ER PT J AU Stuart, SJ Krstic, PS Embry, TA Reinhold, CO AF Stuart, Steven J. Krstic, Predrag S. Embry, T. A. Reinhold, Carlos O. TI Methane production by deuterium impact at carbon surfaces SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE chemical sputtering; hydrogenated amorphous carbon; bond-order potential; surface modification ID CHEMICAL EROSION; ATJ GRAPHITE; ENERGY; HYDROCARBONS; BOMBARDMENT; FILMS; IONS AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed of the sputtering of both deuterated amorphous carbon and graphite surfaces by D-2 molecules at impact energies ranging from 7.5 to 30 eV/D. These simulations were done under conditions that replicate, as closely as possible, prior experimental investigations of D-2(+) impacts on ATJ graphite. The substrate structure is heavily modified by cumulative impacts, and the sputtering yields change with increasing fluence. For the graphite sample, the surface continues to evolve up to the highest fluences studied, 3.8 x 10(20) D/m(2). For the deuterated amorphous carbon surface, however, the sample reaches a steady state at fluences of less than 1 x 10(20) D/m(2), at which point the structure and sputtering yields change slowly, aside from statistical fluctuations. The structure of this ensemble of steady-state surfaces is examined in detail, and is highly supersaturated with deuterium, with an enrichment in sp(3) carbon. The yields of the hydrocarbons sputtered from this set of surfaces show good agreement with experiment, and are significantly larger than those from the unmodified, bulk-like amorphous carbon surface, where atomic and radical species dominate. These simulations indicate that it is both feasible and necessary to perform sputtering simulations on surfaces that have been dynamically created by impacts, if meaningful comparison with experiment is desired. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stuart, SJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, 369 Hunter Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ss@clemson.edu; krsticp@ornl.gov; reinhold@ornl.gov RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012; OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.078 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700039 ER PT J AU Gao, F Campbell, LW Devanathan, R Xie, YL Zhang, Y Peurrung, AJ Weber, WJ AF Gao, F. Campbell, L. W. Devanathan, R. Xie, Y. L. Zhang, Y. Peurrung, A. J. Weber, W. J. TI Gamma-ray interaction in Ge: A Monte Carlo simulation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 18-23, 2006 CL Richland, WA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cray Inc, IBM DE Monte Carlo; computer simulation; fano factor; germanium; electron cascade ID ELECTRON-HOLE PAIR; FANO FACTOR; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SILICON; DETECTORS; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; EFFICIENCY; GERMANIUM AB The interactions of X-ray and gamma-ray photons with materials are of fundamental interest to many fields. The interactions of these primary photons with atoms result in the creation of fast electrons. The subsequent electron-solid interactions involve the partitioning of energy loss into different quantum mechanical processes that are important to determining the mean energy required to create an electron-hole pair, W, and the intrinsic variance (or Fano factor, F) for radiation detectors. In the present work, a Monte Carlo method previously developed has been employed to simulate the interaction of photons with Ge over the energy range from 50 eV to similar to 2 MeV and the subsequent electron cascades. Various quantum mechanical processes for energy loss of fast electrons, which control the broadening of variance, are investigated in detail. At energies lower than 1 keV, W generally decreases with increasing photon energy from 2.95 to 2.75 eV in Ge, whereas it has a constant value of 2.64 eV for higher energies. Also, the function, F, decreases with increasing photon energy. Above the L shell edge, F has a value of 0.11 that is smaller than that in Si (0.14). However, F exhibits a sawtooth variation, and discontinuities at the shell edges that follow the photoelectric cross sections. These results are in good agreement with experimental measurements. The simulated distribution indicates that the interband transition and plasmon excitation are the most important mechanisms of electron-hole pair creation in Ge, while core shell ionization appears to be significant only at high energies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Xie, Yulong/O-9322-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Xie, Yulong/0000-0001-5579-482X NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 1 SI SI BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.031 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 152BW UT WOS:000245336700055 ER PT J AU Vermeulen, C Steyn, GF Nortier, FM Szelecsenyi, F Kovacs, Z Qaim, SM AF Vermeulen, C. Steyn, G. F. Nortier, F. M. Szelecsenyi, F. Kovacs, Z. Qaim, S. M. TI Production of Ce-139 by proton-induced reactions on Pr-141 and La-nat SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE excitation functions; cross sections; radiolanthanides; Ce-139 ID NUCLEAR-DATA RELEVANT; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS AB Excitation functions and production rates are presented for various Ce radionuclides formed in the bombardment of Pr-141 and La-nat with protons. Measurements were performed for Pr-141 + p up to 100 MeV and for La-nat + p up to 20 MeV. The possibility is investigated to utilize tandem targetry for the production of no-carrier-added Ce-139 of high radionuclidic purity, having a Pr target in the higher energy slot followed by a La target in a lower energy slot. The results of this work are also compared with previous literature experimental data, where available, as well as with predictions by means of the geometry-dependent hybrid (GDH) model as implemented in the code ALICE-IPPE. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, Radionuclide Prod Grp, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotopes & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ATOMKI, Inst Nucl Res, Cyclotron Dept, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nukl Chem, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Vermeulen, C (reprint author), iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, Radionuclide Prod Grp, Old Faure Rd,POB 722, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. EM Etienne@tlabs.ac.za RI Vermeulen, Christiaan/C-5059-2013 OI Vermeulen, Christiaan/0000-0002-6723-8983 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 2 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.12.145 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154FI UT WOS:000245491900007 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liang, JF Beene, JR AF Liu, Y. Liang, J. F. Beene, J. R. TI A high efficiency RF quadrupole ion beam cooler for negative ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE buffer gas cooling; radiofrequency quadrupole; ion guide; negative ion beam ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETER; RADIO-FREQUENCY; SIMULATION; SIMION AB A gas-tilled RF quadrupole ion beam cooler has been significantly improved for cooling negative ion beams. Electron detachment plays a significant role in determining the transmission of negative ions. It has been suggested that collisions with the residual buffer gas in the deceleration and injection region of the ion beam cooler, where the ions still possess relatively large energies, could result in substantial losses in negative ions due to electron detachment. The ion beam cooler is modified to improve the pumping conductance in the quadrupole entrance region for effectively removing the buffer gas and minimizing the residual gas escaping to the deceleration and injection region. This significantly reduces the collisions encountered by the ions before they are retarded to energies below the threshold for electron detachment. Overall transmission efficiencies of more than 50% have been obtained with the modified cooler for some negative ions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuy@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2007 VL 255 IS 2 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.128 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 154FI UT WOS:000245491900018 ER PT J AU Kil, KE Ding, YS Lin, KS Alexoff, D Kim, SW Shea, C Xu, Y Muench, L Fowler, JS AF Kil, Kun-Eek Ding, Yu-Shin Lin, Kuo-Shyan Alexoff, David Kim, Sung Won Shea, Colleen Xu, Youwen Muench, Lisa Fowler, Joanna S. TI Synthesis and positron emission tomography studies of carbon-11-labeled imatinib (Gleevec) SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imatinib (Gleevec); PET; carbon-11; drug pharmacokinetics ID GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS; CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; PHENYLAMINO-PYRIMIDINE PAP; KINASE INHIBITOR STI571; ABL-POSITIVE CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE; C-KIT; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; THERAPEUTIC AGENT AB Introduction: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is a well known drug for treating chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. its active ingredient, imatinib ([4-[(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl)methyl]-N-[4-methyl-3-[[4-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]phenyl]benzamide), blocks the activity of several tyrosine kinases. Here we labeled imatinib with carbon-11 as a tool for determining the drug distribution and pharmacokinetics of imatinib, and we carried out positron emission tomography (PET) studies in baboons. Methods: [N-C-11-methyl]limatinib was synthesized from [C-11]methyl iodide and norimatinib was synthesized by the demethylation of imatinib (isolated from Gleevec tablets) according to a patent procedure [Collins JM, Klecker RW Jr, Anderson LW. Imaging of drug accumulation as a guide to antitumor therapy. US Patent 20030198594AI, 2003]. Norimatinib was also synthesized from the corresponding amine and acid. PET studies were carried out in three baboons to measure pharmacokinetics in the brain and peripheral organs and to determine the effect of a therapeutic dose of imatinib. Log D and plasma protein binding were also measured. Results: [N-C-11-methyl]imatinib uptake in the brain is negligible (consistent with P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux); it peaks and clears rapidly from the heart, lungs and spleen. Peak uptake and clearance occur more slowly in the liver and kidneys, followed by accumulation in the gallbladder and urinary bladder. Pretreatment with imatinib did not change uptake in the heart, lungs, kidneys and spleen, and increased uptake in the liver and gallbladder. Conclusions: [N-C-11-methyl]imatinib has potential for assessing the regional distribution and kinetics of imatinib in the human body to determine whether the drug targets tumors and to identify other organs to which the drug or its labeled metabolites distribute. Paired with tracers such as 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)FDG) and 3'-deoxy-3'-[F-18]fluorothymidine ((FLT)-F-18), [N-C-11-methyl]imatinib may be a useful radiotracer for planning chemotherapy, for monitoring response to treatment and for assessing the role of drug pharmacokinetics in drug resistance. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fowler@bnl.gov OI Lin, Kuo-Shyan/0000-0002-0739-0780 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA020001, K05DA020001, K05 DA020001-03] NR 54 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.11.004 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 142MW UT WOS:000244655000003 PM 17307123 ER PT J AU Nayak, TK Norenberg, JP Anderson, TL Prossnitz, ER Stabin, MG Atcher, RW AF Nayak, Tapan K. Norenberg, Jeffrey P. Anderson, Tamara L. Prossnitz, Eric R. Stabin, Michael G. Atcher, Robert W. TI Somatostatin-receptor-targeted alpha-emitting Bi-213 is therapeutically more effective than beta-emitting Lu-177 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE somatostatin receptors; peptide-receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy; alpha-particle therapy; relative biological effectiveness; DOTATOC ID HIGH-LET RADIATIONS; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; PARTICLE EMITTERS; IN-VITRO; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CELLULAR RADIOBIOLOGY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ANIMAL-MODEL; HEAVY-IONS; CANCER AB Introduction: Advance clinical cancer therapy studies of patients treated with somatostatin receptor (sstr)-targeted [DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]octreotide (DOTATOC) labeled with low-linear-energy-transfer (LET) beta(-)-emitters have shown overall response rates in the range of 15-33%. In order to improve outcomes, we sought to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of sstr-targeted high-LET alpha-emitting Bi-213 to that of low-LET emitting Lu-177 by determining relative biological effectiveness (RBE) using the external gamma-beam of Cs-137 as reference radiation. Methods: Sstr-expressing human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Capan-2 cells and A549 control cells were used for this study. The effects of different radiation doses of Bi-213 and Lu-177 labeled to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid and sstr-targeted DOTATOC were investigated with a clonogenic cell survival assay. Apoptosis was measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS 10 x kit. Results: Using equimolar DOTATOC treatment with concurrent irradiation with a Cs-137 source as reference radiation, the calculated RBE of [Bi-213]DOTATOC was 3.4, as compared to 1.0 for [Lu-177]DOTATOC. As measured in terms of absorbance units, [Bi-213]DOTATOC caused a 2.3-fold-greater release of apoptosis-specific mononucleosomes and oligonucleosomes than [Lu-177]DOTATOC at the final treatment time of 96 h (P <.001) in sstr-expressing Capan-2 cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, at the same absorbed dose, [Bi-213]DOTATOC is therapeutically more effective in decreasing survival than is [Lu-177]DOTATOC in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells due to its comparatively higher RBE. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Radiopharmaceut Sci Program, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Norenberg, JP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Radiopharmaceut Sci Program, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jpnoren@unm.edu RI Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; OI Atcher, Robert/0000-0003-4656-2247; Nayak, Tapan/0000-0002-3706-6092; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.11.006 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 142MW UT WOS:000244655000006 PM 17307126 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Thomas, A. W. Young, R. D. TI Recent developments concerning the role of strangeness in the nucleon SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID FORM-FACTOR AB The contributions of strange quarks to the electric and magnetic form factors of the nucleon provide unique insights into the nature of nonperturbative QCD. We present recent results on both the theoretical understanding and the experimental determination of the contribution of strangeness to the low momentum form factors. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 1C EP 8C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.042 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500002 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W. TI Structure functions at low Q(2): higher twist's and target mass effects SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; RESONANCES; NEUTRON; SUM AB We review the physics of structure functions at. low Q(2), focusing oil the phenomenon of quark-hadron duality and the resonance-scaling transition, both phenomenologically and in the context of quark models. We also present a new implementation of target mass corrections to nucleon structure functions which, unlike existing treatments, has the correct kinematic threshold behavior at finite Q(2) in the x -> 1 limit. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 126C EP 133C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.008 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500020 ER PT J AU Bosted, PE AF Bosted, P. E. TI Factorization and transverse momentum in SIDIS at JLab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DRELL-YAN; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PION AB Data for pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets factorization tests ill the kinematic region Q(2) > 1 GeV2, 0.15 < x < 0.45, W > 2 GeV M-x > 1.5 GeV, and 0.3 < z < 0.6, for both spin-averaged and spin-dependent. scattering The pi(+)/pi(-) ratio of polarized SIDIS is found to exhibit a surprisingly large P-t dependence. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bosted, PE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 142C EP 149C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.009 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500022 ER PT J AU Gelis, F Venugopalan, R AF Gelis, Francois Venugopalan, Raju TI Particle production and AGK cancellations in the Color Class Condensate framework SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; GLASS CONDENSATE; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; EVOLUTION AB In this talk, we discuss some general properties of particle production in a field theory coupled to strong time dependent sources, and techniques to compute the spectrum of the produced particles in such theories. We also discuss the application of these results to the description of hadron or heavy ion collisions in the Color Glass Condensate framework. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, Serv Phys Theor, URA 2306,DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, Serv Phys Theor, URA 2306,DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM francois.gelis@cea.fr; raju@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 297C EP 304C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.062 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500042 ER PT J AU Baier, R Romatschke, P Wiedemann, UA AF Baier, Rudolf Romatschke, Paul Wiedemann, Urs Achim TI Transverse flow in relativistic viscous hydrodynamics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID SOFTEST POINT AB Hydrodynamic model simulations of Au-Au collisions at RHIC have indicated recently, that with improved simulations in the coming years, it may be feasible to quantify the viscosity of the matter produced in heavy ion collisions. To this end, a consistent fluid dynamic description of viscous effects is clearly needed. Here, we report and extend on recent work in this direction [1]. In particular, we observe that a recently used, approximate form of the 2nd order Israel-Stewart viscous hydrodynamic equations of motion cannot account consistently for the transverse flow fields, which are expected to develop in heavy ion collisions. We identify the appropriate equations of motion. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baier, R (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 313C EP 318C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.016 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500044 ER PT J AU Leitch, MJ AF Leitch, M. J. TI Quarkonia production in pp, p(d)A and AA collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics CY MAY 22-26, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY DE quarkonia; gluon saturation; quark gluon plasma ID J/PSI SUPPRESSION; GLUON DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEI; POLARIZATION; DEPENDENCE; DECAYS AB Quarkonia (J/psi, psi', Upsilon) production provides a sensitive probe of gluon distributions and their modification in nuclei; and is a leading probe of the hots dense (deconfined) matter created in high-energy collisions of heavy ions. I will discuss our current understanding of the modification of gluon distributions in nuclei and other cold-nuclear-matter effects in the context of recent p-p and p(d)-A quarkonia measurements. Then I will review the latest results for nucleus-nucleus collisions from RHIC, and together with the baseline results from d-A and p-p collisions, discuss several alternative explanations for the observed suppressions and future prospects for distinguishing these different pictures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Leitch, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25 MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM leitch@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 782 BP 319C EP 326C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.035 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 139IM UT WOS:000244425500045 ER PT J AU De Fazio, F Feldmann, T Hurth, T AF De Fazio, F. Feldmann, T. Hurth, T. TI Light-cone sum rules: A SCET-based formulation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th High-Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum ChromoDynamics CY JUL 02-09, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Montpellier Reg, Montpellier Town & Dist, Univ Montpellier II ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; MESON FORM-FACTORS; FACTORIZATION; SYMMETRY; DECAYS AB We describe the construction of light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) for exclusive B-meson decays into light energetic hadrons from correlation functions within soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). As an example, we consider the SCET sum rule for the B -> pi transition form factor at large recoil, including radiative corrections from hard-collinear loop diagrams at first order in the strong coupling constant. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. CERN, Dept Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP De Fazio, F (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. OI De Fazio, Fulvia/0000-0003-0695-2566 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 164 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.11.057 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 137QD UT WOS:000244306200041 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Gonzalez-Aller, A Warsa, JS AF Morel, Jim E. Gonzalez-Aller, Alejandro Warsa, James S. TI A lumped linear-discontinuous spatial discretization scheme for triangular-mesh S-n calculations in r-z geometry SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications CY SEP 12-15, 2005 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Amer Nucl Soc, French Local Sec, French Nucl Energy Soc, Commiss Energie Atom, French Natl Util, AREVA/FRAMATOME-ANP, European Nucl Soc, ANS, Math & Computat, ANS, Reactor Phys, ANS, Radiat Protect & Shielding, ANS, Mat Sci & Technol, European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res Div, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev/Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Korea Atomic Energy Res Inst, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Korean Nucl Soc, Canadian Nucl Soc, H&S Adv Comp Technol Inc AB A lumped linear-discontinuous spatial finite element discretization of the S-n equations in r-z geometry on triangular meshes is derived and computationally tested. An asymptotic analysis indicates that the scheme preserves the thick diffusion limit and behaves well with unresolved boundary layers. Computational results are presented that indicate the scheme is second-order accurate in the transport regime and that confirm the main predictions of the asymptotic diffusion-limit analysis. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. No New Mexico Coll, Espanola, NM 87532 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@ne.tamu.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 155 IS 2 BP 168 EP 178 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 133AE UT WOS:000243983200003 ER PT J AU McClarren, RG Holloway, JP Brunner, TA Mehlhorn, TA AF McClarren, Ryan G. Holloway, James Paul Brunner, Thomas A. Mehlhorn, Thomas A. TI A quasilinear implicit Riemann solver for the time-dependent P-n equations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications CY SEP 12-15, 2005 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Amer Nucl Soc, French Local Sec, French Nucl Energy Soc, Commiss Energie Atomic, French Natl Util, AREVA/FRAMATOME-ANP, European Nucl Soc, ANS, Math & Computat, ANS, Reactor Phys, ANS, Radiat Protect & Shielding, ANS, Mat Sci & Technol, European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res Div, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev/Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Korea Atomic Energy Res Inst, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Korean Nucl Soc, Canadian Nucl Soc, H&S Adv Comp Technol Inc ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT AB An implicit Riemann solver for the one- and two-dimensional time-dependent spherical harmonics approximation (P-n) to the linear transport equation is presented. This spatial discretization scheme is based on cell-averaged quantities and uses a monotonicity-preserving high resolution method to achieve second-order accuracy (away from extreme points in the solution). Such a spatial scheme requires a nonlinear method of reconstructing the slope within a spatial cell. We have devised a means of creating an implicit (in time) method without the necessity of a nonlinear solver. This is done by computing a time step using a first-order scheme and then, based on that solution, reconstructing the slope in each cell, an implementation that we justify by analyzing the model equation for the method This quasilinear approach produces smaller errors in less time than both a first-order scheme and a method that solves the full nonlinear system using a Newton-Krylov method. C1 Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McClarren, RG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rmcclarr@umich.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 155 IS 2 BP 290 EP 299 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 133AE UT WOS:000243983200012 ER PT J AU Favorite, JA AF Favorite, Jeffrey A. TI Variational estimates of neutron-induced gamma line leakages and ratios for internal interface perturbations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Mathematics and Computation, Supercomputing, Reactor Physics and Nuclear and Biological Applications CY SEP 12-15, 2005 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Amer Nucl Soc, French Local Sec, French Nucl Energy Soc, Commiss Energie Atom, French Natl Util, AREVA/FRAMATOME-ANP, European Nucl Soc, ANS, Math & Computat, ANS, Reactor Phys, ANS, Radiat Protect & Shielding, ANS, Mat Sci & Technol, European Commiss, Directorate Gen Res Div, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev/Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atomic Energy Agcy, Korea Atomic Energy Res Inst, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Korean Nucl Soc, Canadian Nucl Soc, H&S Adv Comp Technol Inc AB Standard variational estimates for perturbations in inhomogeneous transport problems were applied to internal-interface perturbations in coupled neutron-photon problems. Absolute gamma-ray line leakages and ratios of line leakages were the quantities of interest. Gamma-ray spectroscopy using the deterministic multigroup discrete-ordinates code PARTISN was accomplished with a 130-group neutron library and a 120-group photon library with narrow bins centered around gamma lines of interest. Perturbed integrals were evaluated using a volume and a surface formulation, and issues involving negative fluxes (required in the adjoint calculation for line ratios) were addressed. Numerical test problems used a Cf-252 source surrounded by a material containing nitrogen and hydrogen; the thickness of this material was perturbed +/- 86%. The ratios of the 1.8848-, 2.2246-, and 5.2692-MeV thermal neutron capture lines were very well estimated using the variational estimates, even for macroscopic-size perturbations of internal interface locations; the volume-integral formulation for the perturbed integrals was generally more accurate than the surface-integral formulation for estimating ratios. For estimating absolute leakages, the Roussopolos functional in the surface-integral formulation was clearly superior when the gamma-producing shell was thickened, but it produced negative estimates when the shell was thinned. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Primary Design & Assessment Grp X 4, Appl Phys Div X, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Favorite, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Primary Design & Assessment Grp X 4, Appl Phys Div X, MS T082, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fave@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 155 IS 2 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 133AE UT WOS:000243983200015 ER PT J AU Chikazawa, Y Okano, Y Konomura, M Sawa, N Shimakawa, Y Tanaka, T AF Chikazawa, Yoshitaka Okano, Yasushi Konomura, Mamoru Sawa, Naoki Shimakawa, Yoshio Tanaka, Toshihiko TI A compact loop-type fast reactor without refueling for a remote area power source SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fast reactor; metal fuel; long-life core ID FLUX TEST FACILITY; PASSIVE SAFETY AB A small reactor has the potential to be utilized as a power source to meet diverse social needs and reduce capital risks. In remote areas, populations tend to be small, and an economic power grid may not be available. In such situations, a small power source with a capacity of less than 50 MW(electric) without refueling is attractive since the costs for fuel transfer to such a site are expensive. In the present study, a metal fuel core with a lifetime of 30 yr and a simple reactor plant design has been proposed. The local burnup reactivity change in every core region is minimized by adjusting the zirconium content and the smear density of the three-core region to achieve a 550 degrees C core outlet temperature. At the end of the cycle, the burnup reactivity is evaluated to be 1.1% of (dk/kk'), achieving a 30-yr core life. The reactor vessel is dramatically simplified by eliminating a fuel-handling system. The number of main cooling loops is reduced to one by installing dual electromagnetic pumps in the primary sodium circuit. The nuclear steam supply system mass, at 309 tonnes, shows that the present loop-type concept can more dramatically reduce material mass than that of the previous pool-type concept of 484 tonnes. The rough estimation of the electricity cost shows that this concept will be competitive for remote sites. Transient analyses show that a self-actuated shutdown system enhances the passive safety features, thus ensuring reactor integrity in anticipated transient without scram events. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. Adv Reactor Technol Co Ltd, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1080075, Japan. Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Co Ltd, Nishi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2208401, Japan. Japan Atom Power Co Ltd, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. RP Chikazawa, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ychikazawa@ne.anl.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 157 IS 2 BP 120 EP 131 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 128FP UT WOS:000243643900002 ER PT J AU Charlton, WS Lebouf, RF Gariazzo, C Ford, DG Beard, C Landsberger, S Whitaker, M AF Charlton, William S. Lebouf, Ryan F. Gariazzo, Claudio Ford, D. Grant Beard, Carl Landsberger, Sheldon Whitaker, Michael TI Proliferation resistance assessment methodology for nuclear fuel cycles SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proliferation resistance; fuel cycles; nuclear security ID RISKS AB A methodology, based on the multiattribute utility analysis, for the assessment of diverse fuel cycles for proliferation resistance was developed. This methodology is intended to allow for the assessment of the effectiveness of safeguards implementation at facilities within a large-scale fuel cycle and allow for the ability to choose technologies based in part on their effectiveness to deter the proliferation of nuclear materials. Fuel cycle facilities under consideration include nuclear reactors, reprocessing facilities, fuel storage facilities, enrichment plants, fuel fabrication plants, uranium conversion plants, and uranium mining and milling operations. The method uses a series of attributes (for example, Department of Energy attractiveness level, weight fraction of even Pu isotopes, measurement uncertainty, etc.) to determine a proliferation resistance measure for each step in a process flow sheet. Each of the attributes has a weighting that determines its importance in the overall assessment. Each attribute also has an associated utility function derived from both expert knowledge and physical characteristics that relates changes in the value of the attribute to its overall effect on the proliferation resistance measure. A method for aggregating proliferation resistance values for each process in a flow sheet into an overall nuclear security measure for the complete cycle was also developed. This method is focused on preventing host nation diversion; however, a similar technique could be used to analyze the risk due to theft by an insider or outsider. This methodology has been applied successfully for example fuel cycles to demonstrate its viability as an assessment methodology and its capability in discriminating diverse fuel cycle options. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. BWXT Pantex, Technol Dev & Deployment Appl Technol Div, Amarillo, TX USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Charlton, WS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wcharlton@tamu.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 157 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 128FP UT WOS:000243643900004 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Howe, KJ Mar, AK Letellier, BC Jones, RC AF Ghosh, Ashok K. Howe, Kerry J. Maji, Arup K. Letellier, Bruce C. Jones, Russell C. TI Head loss characteristics of a fibrous bed in a PWR chemical environment SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE head loss; chemical environment; fibrous bed AB This paper examines the generation and effect of secondary materials created by chemical reactions between dislodged fiberglass insulation debris and simulated cooling system water that would be present within the containment of a pressurized water reactor following a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). Corrosion and subsequent precipitation of metals (aluminum, iron, zinc, and calcium) pose an important safety concern because the surface area of exposed metal inside containment represents a large potential source term of chemical debris products that may be capable of blocking the recirculation sump. The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (ACRS) cited the presence of gelatinous material recovered from the Three Mile Island containment pool after its 1979 accident and noted that the formation of adverse chemical products had not been previously examined under Generic Safety Issue 191 (GSI-191) research program. Based on small-scale tests, the following key issues related to corrosion and precipitation were investigated: 1. Do credible corrosion mechanisms exist for leaching metal ions from bulk solid surfaces, and if so, what are the typical reaction rate constants? 2. Can corrosion products accumulate in the containment pool water to the extent that they might precipitate as new chemical species at pH and temperature levels that are relevant to the LOCA accident sequence? 3. How do chemical precipitants affect the head loss across an existing fibrous debris bed? Findings from these tests confirmed that corrosion of metal can occur and that artificially induced metallic precipitants can cause substantial additional head loss. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM ashok@nmt.edu RI Howe, Kerry/B-3355-2009 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 157 IS 2 BP 196 EP 207 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 128FP UT WOS:000243643900007 ER PT J AU Ro, HS Zhang, L Majdalawieh, A Kim, SW Wu, X Lyons, PJ Webber, C Ma, H Reidy, SP Boudreau, A Miller, JR Mitchell, P McLeod, RS AF Ro, Hyo-Sung Zhang, Lei Majdalawieh, Amin Kim, Sung-Woo Wu, Xue Lyons, Peter J. Webber, Chris Ma, Hong Reidy, Shannon P. Boudreau, Aaron Miller, Jessica R. Mitchell, Patricia McLeod, Roger S. TI Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 modulates adiposity and energy homeostasis SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adipose tissue; energy balance; mouse models; phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten; mitogen-activated protein kinase ID CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE PROTEIN; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; TARGETED DISRUPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTORS; RECEPTOR GENE; C/EBP-ALPHA; PPAR-GAMMA AB Objective: To determine whether adipocyte enhancer binding protein (AEBP) 1, a transcriptional repressor that is down-regulated during adipogenesis, functions as a critical regulator of adipose tissue homeostasis through modulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) tumor suppressor activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Research Methods and Procedures: We examined whether AEBP1 physically interacts with PTEN in 3T3-L1 cells by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. We generated AEBP1-null mice and examined the physiological role of AEBP1 as a key modulator of in vivo adiposity. Using adipose tissue from wild-type and AEBP1-null animals, we examined whether AEBP1 affects PTEN protein level. Results: AEBP1 interacts with PTEN, and deficiency of AEBP1 increases adipose tissue PTEN mass. AEBP1-null mice have reduced adipose tissue mass and enhanced apoptosis with suppressed survival signal. Primary pre-adipocytes from AEBP1-null adipose tissues exhibit lower basal MAPK activity with defective proliferative potential. AEBP1-null mice are also resistant to diet-induced obesity, suggesting a regulatory role for AEBP1 in energy homeostasis. Discussion: Our results suggest that AEBP1 negatively regulates adipose tissue PTEN levels, in conjunction with its role in proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes, as a key functional role in modulation of in vivo adiposity. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ro, HS (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tupper Med Bldg,1850 College St, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada. EM hsro@dal.ca RI McLeod, Roger/F-8014-2015 OI McLeod, Roger/0000-0002-6740-5569 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1930-7381 EI 1930-739X J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.569 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OB UT WOS:000249605600004 PM 17299101 ER PT J AU van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Toth, C Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, Cs. Geddes, C. G. R. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. TI Single-shot spatiotemporal measurements of high-field terahertz pulses SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB The electric field profiles of broad-bandwidth coherent terahertz (THz) pulses, emitted by laser-wakefieldaccelerated electron bunches, are studied. The near- single-cycle THz pulses are measured with two singleshot techniques in the temporal and spatial domains. Spectra of 0-6 THz and peak fields up to similar or equal to 0.4 W cm(-1) are observed. The measured field substructure demonstrates the manifestation of spatiotemporal coupling at focus, which affects the interpretation of THz radiation as a bunch diagnostic and in highfield pump-probe experiments. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Tilborg, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JvanTilborg@lbl.gov OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000313 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 137FR UT WOS:000244278900037 PM 17215956 ER PT J AU Lee, CR Bottone, FG Krahn, JM Li, LP Mohrenweiser, HW Cook, ME Petrovich, RM Bell, DA Eling, TE Zeldin, DC AF Lee, Craig R. Bottone, Frank G., Jr. Krahn, Joseph M. Li, Leping Mohrenweiser, Harvey W. Cook, Molly E. Petrovich, Robert M. Bell, Douglas A. Eling, Thomas E. Zeldin, Darryl C. TI Identification and functional characterization of polymorphisms in human cyclooxygenase-1 (PTGS1) SO PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE COX-1; cyclooxygenase-1; polymorphism; PTGS1 ID ENDOPEROXIDE-H SYNTHASE-1; SELECTIVE-INHIBITION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ACTIVE-SITE; PROSTAGLANDIN; GENE AB Objective Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1, PTGS1) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which is subsequently metabolized to various biologically active prostaglandins. We sought to identify and characterize the functional relevance of genetic polymorphisms in PTGS1. Methods Sequence variations in human PTGS1 were identified by resequencing 92 healthy individuals (24 African, 24 Asian, 24 European/Caucasian, and 20 anonymous). Using site-directed mutagenesis and a baculovirus/insect cell expression system, recombinant wild-type COX-1 and the R8W, P17L, R53H, R78W, K185T, G230S, L237M, and V481I variant proteins were expressed. COX-1 metabolic activity was evaluated in vitro using an oxygen consumption assay under basal conditions and in the presence of indomethacin. Results Forty-five variants were identified, including seven nonsynonymous polymorphisms encoding amino acid substitutions in the COX-1 protein. The R53H (35 +/- 5%), R78W (36 +/- 4%), K185T (59 +/- 6%), G230S (57 +/- 4%), and L237M (51 +/- 3%) variant proteins had significantly lower metabolic activity relative to wild-type (100 +/- 7%), while no significant differences were observed with the R8W (104 +/- 10%), P17L (113 +/- 7%), and V481I (121 +/- 10%) variants. Inhibition studies with indomethacin demonstrated that the P17L and G230S variants had significantly lower IC50 values compared to wild-type, suggesting these variants significantly increase COX-1 sensitivity to indomethacin inhibition. Consistent with the metabolic activity data, protein modeling suggested the G230S variant may disrupt the active conformation of COX-1. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that several genetic variants in human COX-1 significantly alter basal COX-1-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and indomethacin-mediated inhibition of COX-1 activity in vitro. Future studies characterizing the functional impact of these variants in vivo are warranted. C1 NIEHS, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Ctr Res Occupat Toxicol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Zeldin, DC (reprint author), NIEHS, Div Intramural Res, NIH, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM zeldin@niehs.nih.gov OI Lee, Craig/0000-0003-3595-5301 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES025043-08]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES012856, F32 ES012856-02, F32 ES012856-01, F32 ES012856, F32 ES012856-03] NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1744-6872 J9 PHARMACOGENET GENOM JI Pharmacogenet. Genomics PD FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 145 EP 160 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 139WR UT WOS:000244463900006 PM 17301694 ER PT J AU Mercier, JA Schowengerdt, RA Storey, JC Smith, JL AF Mercier, Jeffrey A. Schowengerdt, Robert A. Storey, James C. Smith, Jody L. TI Geometric correction and digital elevation extraction using multiple MTI datasets SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are traditionally acquired from a stereo pair of aerial photographs sequentially captured by an airborne metric camera. Standard DEM extraction techniques can be naturally extended to satellite imagery, but the particular characteristics of satellite imaging can cause difficulties. The spacecraft ephemeris with respect to the ground site during image collects is the most important factor in the elevation extraction process. When the angle of separation between the stereo images is small, the extraction process typically produces measurements with low accuracy, while a large angle of separation can cause an excessive number of erroneous points in the DEM from occlusion of ground areas. The use of three or more images registered to the same ground area can potentially reduce these problems and improve the accuracy of the extracted DEM. The pointing capability of some sensors, such as the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), allows for multiple collects of the same area from different perspectives. This functionality of mu makes it a good candidate for the implementation of a DEM extraction algorithm using multiple images for improved accuracy. Evaluation of this capability and development of algorithms to geometrically model the MTI sensor and extract DEMs from multi-look MTI imagery are described in this paper. An RMS elevation error of 6.3-meters is achieved using 11 ground test points, while the MTI band has a 5-meter ground sample distance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, EROS Data Ctr SAIC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Mercier, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jamerci@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 132EE UT WOS:000243924300005 ER PT J AU Blankenship, R Swingley, W Hohmann-Marriott, M Raymond, J AF Blankenship, R. Swingley, W. Hohmann-Marriott, M. Raymond, J. TI The evolutionary transition from anoxygenic to oxygenic photosynthesis SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000012 ER PT J AU Ponomarenko, N Poluektov, O Li, L Bylina, E Ismagilov, R Norris, J AF Ponomarenko, N. Poluektov, O. Li, L. Bylina, E. Ismagilov, R. Norris, J., Jr. TI Structural aspects of interactions between the primary donor and cytochrome in heterodimer mutant reaction centers of Blastochloris viridis SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS213 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000038 ER PT J AU Poluektov, O Utschig, L Paschenko, S Lakshmu, K Tiede, D AF Poluektov, O. Utschig, L. Paschenko, S. Lakshmu, K. Tiede, D. TI Time-resolved high-field EPR spectroscopy of natural photosynthesis: Photoinduced electron transfer pathways in photosystem I. SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS247 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000072 ER PT J AU Yano, J Kem, J Latimer, M Sauer, K Pushkar, Y Messinger, J Zouni, A Yachandra, V AF Yano, J. Kem, J. Latimer, M. Sauer, K. Pushkar, Y. Messinger, J. Zouni, A. Yachandra, V. TI Structure of the photosynthetic Mn4Ca cluster using x-ray spectroscopy SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ, Berlin, Germany. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS41 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000159 ER PT J AU Yano, J Kern, J Latimer, M Sauer, K Pushkar, Y Messinger, J Zouni, A Yachandra, V AF Yano, J. Kern, J. Latimer, M. Sauer, K. Pushkar, Y. Messinger, J. Zouni, A. Yachandra, V. TI Structure of the photosynthetic Mn4Ca cluster using X-ray spectroscopy SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Kern, Jan/G-2586-2013 OI Kern, Jan/0000-0002-7272-1603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS48 BP 174 EP 175 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000166 ER PT J AU Yachandra, V Yano, J Pushkar, Y Sauer, K Messinger, J Glatzel, P Bergmann, U Yachandra, V AF Yachandra, V. Yano, J. Pushkar, Y. Sauer, K. Messinger, J. Glatzel, P. Bergmann, U. Yachandra, V. TI Electronic structure and oxidation state changes in the Mn4Ca cluster of photosystem II SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA USA. RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS49 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000167 ER PT J AU Lakshmi, K Poluektov, O Lee, S Chand, S Wagner, A AF Lakshmi, K. Poluektov, O. Lee, S. Chand, S. Wagner, A. TI Snapshots of biological proton-coupled electron transfer: Tyrosine intermediates in photosystem II SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS416 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000174 ER PT J AU Pushkar, Y Yano, J Boussac, A Bergmann, U Sauer, K Yachandra, V AF Pushkar, Y. Yano, J. Boussac, A. Bergmann, U. Sauer, K. Yachandra, V. TI Structural changes in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II upon S-2 to S-3 transition SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID MN4CA CLUSTER C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, CEA, iBiTec S, SB2SM,URA 2096, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS418 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000176 ER PT J AU Broser, M Kern, J Zimmermann, K Yano, J Yachandra, V Loll, B Biesiadka, J Saenger, W Zouni, A AF Broser, M. Kern, J. Zimmermann, K. Yano, J. Yachandra, V. Loll, B. Biesiadka, J. Saenger, W. Zouni, A. TI Photosystem II - details of cofactor-protein interactions in the light of the 3.0 angstrom resolution crystal structure SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tech Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RI Kern, Jan/G-2586-2013 OI Kern, Jan/0000-0002-7272-1603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS422 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000179 ER PT J AU Merchant, S Prochnik, S Karpowicz, S Rokhsar, D Grossman, A AF Merchant, S. Prochnik, S. Karpowicz, S. Rokhsar, D. Grossman, A. TI Establishing potential chloroplast function through phylogenomics SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Inst, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB-MAR PY 2007 VL 91 IS 2-3 MA PS1813 BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 191RZ UT WOS:000248151000528 ER PT J AU Basagaoglu, H Meakin, P Succi, S Rotondi, R AF Basagaoglu, H. Meakin, P. Succi, S. Rotondi, R. TI Density fluctuations in lattice-Boltzmann simulations of multiphase fluids in a closed system SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multiphase flow; lattice-Boltzmann; density fluctuations ID EQUATION; MODEL AB A two-dimensional single component two-phase lattice Boltzmann model was used to simulate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a closed system. Spatiotemporally variable densities were generated by gravity acting on the fluid density. The density fluctuations were triggered by rapid changes in the fluid velocity induced by changes in the interface geometry and impact of the dense fluid on the rigid lower boundary of the computational domain. The ratio of the maximum density fluctuations to the maximum fluid velocity increased more rapidly at low velocities than at high velocities. The ratio of the maximum density fluctuations in the dense phase to its maximum velocity was on the order of the inverse of the sound speed. The solution became unstable when the density-based maximum local Knudsen number exceeded 0.13. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. CNR, IAC, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Basagaoglu, H (reprint author), SW Res Inst, CNWRA, Div Geosci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM hbasagaoglu@cnwra.swri.edu RI Succi, Sauro/E-4606-2015 OI Succi, Sauro/0000-0002-3070-3079 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.08.002 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127XZ UT WOS:000243621000019 ER PT J AU Cartea, A Del-Castillo-Negrete, D AF Cartea, Alvaro del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego TI Fractional diffusion models of option prices in markets with jumps SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fractional-Black-Scholes; Levy-stable processes; FMLS; KoBoL; CGMY; fractional calculus; Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative; barrier options; down-and-out; up-and-out; double knock-out ID LEVY PROCESSES; STOCHASTIC-PROCESS; CONVERGENCE; DYNAMICS AB Most of the recent literature dealing with the modeling of financial assets assumes that the underlying dynamics of equity prices follow a jump process or a Levy process. This is done to incorporate rare or extreme events not captured by Gaussian models. Of those financial models proposed, the most interesting include the CGMY, KoBoL and FMLS. All of these capture some of the most important characteristics of the dynamics of stock prices. In this article we show that for these particular Levy processes, the prices of financial derivatives, such as European-style options, satisfy a fractional partial differential equation (FPDE). As an application, we use numerical techniques to price exotic options, in particular barrier options, by solving the corresponding FPDEs derived. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, London, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cartea, A (reprint author), Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, London, England. EM a.cartea@bbk.ac.uk; delcastillod@ornl.gov OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 34 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 374 IS 2 BP 749 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2006.08.071 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 127XZ UT WOS:000243621000024 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Fontes, CJ Csanak, G Collins, LA AF Colgan, J. Fontes, C. J. Csanak, G. Collins, L. A. TI Finite-temperature random-phase approximation for spectroscopic properties of neon plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE-ATOM; ARBITRARY TEMPERATURE; MATTER DENSITY; HOT; PHOTOABSORPTION; SCATTERING; MODEL; HE AB A finite-temperature random-phase approximation (FTRPA) is applied to calculate oscillator strengths for excitations in hot and dense plasmas. Application of the FTRPA provides a convenient, self-consistent method with which to explore coupled-channel effects of excited electrons in a dense plasma. We present FTRPA calculations that include coupled-channel effects. The inclusion of these effects is shown to cause significant differences in the oscillator strength for a prototypical case of P-1 excitation in neon when compared with single-channel and with average-atom calculations. Trends as a function of temperature and density are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.024701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300154 ER PT J AU Covington, AM Duvvuri, SS Emmons, ED Kraus, RG Williams, WW Thompson, JS Calabrese, D Carpenter, DL Collier, RD Kvale, TJ Davis, VT AF Covington, A. M. Duvvuri, Srividya S. Emmons, E. D. Kraus, R. G. Williams, W. W. Thompson, J. S. Calabrese, D. Carpenter, D. L. Collier, R. D. Kvale, T. J. Davis, V. T. TI Measurements of partial cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions for the photodetachment of Fe- and Cu- at visible photon wavelengths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; INTENSITIES; DETACHMENT; DYNAMICS; SINGLE; STATES; AG AB Photodetachment cross sections and the angular distributions of photoelectrons produced by the single-photon detachment of the transition metal negative ions Fe- and Cu- have been measured at four discrete photon wavelengths ranging from 457.9 to 647.1 nm (2.71-1.92 eV) using a crossed-beams laser photodetachment electron spectrometry (LPES) apparatus. Photodetachment cross sections were determined by comparing the photoelectron yields from the photodetachment of Fe- to those of Cu- and C-, which have known absolute photodetachment cross sections. Using the measured photodetachment cross sections, radiative electron attachment cross sections were calculated using the principle of detailed balance. Angular distributions were determined by measurements of laboratory frame, angle-, and energy-resolved photoelectrons as a function of the angle between the linear laser polarization vector and the momentum vector of the collected photoelectrons. Values of the asymmetry parameter have been determined by nonlinear least-squares fits to these angular distributions. The measured asymmetry parameters are compared to predictions of photodetachment models including Cooper and Zare's dipole approximation theory [J. Cooper and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 942 (1968)], and the angular momentum transfer theory developed by Fano and Dill [Phys. Rev. A 6, 185 (1972)]. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facil, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sierra Coll, Dept Phys, Rocklin, CA 95677 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Western Nevada Commun Coll, Dept Phys, Carson City, NV 89703 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Test Support Div, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Covington, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM aaron@physics.unr.edu OI Thompson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9699-5767; Calabrese, Dominic/0000-0003-3933-0739 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 022711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.022711 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300079 ER PT J AU Cucchietti, FM Damski, B Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH AF Cucchietti, Fernando M. Damski, Bogdan Dziarmaga, Jacek Zurek, Wojciech H. TI Dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model: Transition from a Mott insulator to a superfluid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; STRING FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; PHASE-TRANSITION; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ATOMS; HE-3 AB We study the dynamics of phase transitions in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. To drive the system from a Mott insulator to a superfluid phase, we change the tunneling frequency at a finite rate. We investigate the buildup of correlations during fast and slow transitions using variational wave functions, dynamical Bogoliubov theory, Kibble-Zurek mechanism, and numerical simulations. We show that time-dependent correlations satisfy characteristic scaling relations that can be measured in optical lattices filled with cold atoms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Ctr Complex Syst, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Cucchietti, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013; Cucchietti, Fernando/C-7765-2016 OI Cucchietti, Fernando/0000-0002-9027-1263 NR 39 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 023603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.023603 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300108 ER PT J AU Humble, TS Grice, WP AF Humble, Travis S. Grice, Warren P. TI Spectral effects in quantum teleportation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; PHOTON PAIRS; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; INFORMATION; DISTINGUISHABILITY; INTERFERENCE; OPTICS; QUBITS; PUMP AB We use a multimode description of polarization-encoded qubits to analyze the quantum teleportation protocol. Specifically, we investigate how the teleportation fidelity depends on the spectral correlations inherent to polarization-entangled photons generated by type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion. We find that the maximal obtainable fidelity depends on the spectral entanglement carried by the joint probability amplitude, a result which we quantify for the case of a joint spectrum approximated by a correlated Gaussian function. We contrast these results with a similar analysis of the visibility obtained in a polarization-correlation experiment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Humble, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM humblets@ornl.gov; gricewp@ornl.gov RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; OI Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 022307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.022307 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300028 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, MP Acosta, VM Rochester, SM Budker, D Pustelny, S Yashchuk, VV AF Ledbetter, M. P. Acosta, V. M. Rochester, S. M. Budker, D. Pustelny, S. Yashchuk, V. V. TI Detection of radio-frequency magnetic fields using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; RESONANCE AB We describe a room-temperature alkali-metal atomic magnetometer for detection of small, high-frequency magnetic fields. The magnetometer operates by detecting optical rotation due to the precession of an aligned ground state in the presence of a small oscillating magnetic field. The resonance frequency of the magnetometer can be adjusted to any desired value by tuning the bias magnetic field. Based on experimentally measured signal-to-noise ratio, we demonstrate a sensitivity of 100 pG/root Hz (rms) in a 3.5-cm-diameter paraffin coated cell. Assuming detection at the photon shot-noise limit, we project a sensitivity as low as 25 pG root Hz (rms). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Centrum Badan Magnetooptycznych, Inst Fizyki M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ledbetter, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ledbetter@berkeley.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI Acosta, Victor/G-8176-2011; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016; OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814; Acosta, Victor/0000-0003-0058-9954 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 023405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.023405 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300097 ER PT J AU Mustecaplioglu, OE Zhang, WX You, L AF Mustecaplioglu, O. E. Zhang, Wenxian You, L. TI Quantum dynamics of a spin-1 condensate in a double-well potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; COHERENT STATES; RESONANT LIGHT; ATOMIC STATES; FLUCTUATIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; OSCILLATIONS; GASES; PHASE AB We study quantum dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate of spin-1 atoms inside a double-well potential. Under the single spatial mode approximation for condensate wave functions localized within each of the two wells, we examine quantum entanglement and pseudo-spin-squeezing properties in both the Rabi and Josephson regimes. Quantum fluctuations is found to be more stable leading to robust multipartite entanglement in the lower end of the Josephson regime, or the mean field self-trapped region. Substantial multipartite entanglement is witnessed not only due to pseudo-spin-squeezing by the axis-twisting interaction but also from redistribution of mode-entangled atoms between the wells by the tunneling coupling. C1 Koc Univ, Dept Phys, TR-34450 Istanbul, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mustecaplioglu, OE (reprint author), Koc Univ, Dept Phys, TR-34450 Istanbul, Turkey. RI Zhang, Wenxian/A-4274-2010; Mustecaplioglu, Ozgur/F-4001-2012 NR 92 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 023605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.023605 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300110 ER PT J AU Rosenberry, MA Reyes, JP Tupa, D Gay, TJ AF Rosenberry, M. A. Reyes, J. P. Tupa, D. Gay, T. J. TI Radiation trapping in rubidium optical pumping at low buffer-gas pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL VAPOR; HIGH-DENSITY RB; RELAXATION; LASER; POLARIZATION; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; HE-3; MOLECULES; LINES AB We have made a systematic study of rubidium optical pumping in a simple cylindrical cell geometry with a high-power 10 W diode laser array, low magnetic fields, and buffer-gas pressures of less than 50 torr. We have determined rubidium polarizations experimentally for H-2, N-2, He, and Ar buffer gases, with Rb number densities from 10(12) to 10(13) cm(-3). Comparison to a relatively simple optical pumping model allows us to extract useful information about radiation trapping and quenching effects. C1 Siena Coll, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosenberry, MA (reprint author), Siena Coll, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. OI Tupa, Dale/0000-0002-6265-5016 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 023401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.023401 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 140UN UT WOS:000244532300093 ER PT J AU Anghel, DV Kuhn, T Galperin, YM Manninen, M AF Anghel, D. V. Kuehn, T. Galperin, Y. M. Manninen, M. TI Interaction of two-level systems in amorphous materials with arbitrary phonon fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; 1 K; GLASSES; HEAT; MEMBRANES; SOLIDS; GAS AB To describe the interaction of the two-level systems (TLSs) of an amorphous solid with arbitrary strain fields, we introduce a generalization of the standard interaction Hamiltonian. In this model, the interaction strength depends on the orientation of the TLS with respect to the strain field through a 6x6 symmetric tensor of deformation potential parameters [R]. Taking into account the isotropy of the amorphous solid, we deduce that [R] has only two independent parameters. We show how these two parameters can be calculated from experimental data, and we prove that for any amorphous bulk material, the average coupling of TLSs with longitudinal phonons is always stronger than the average coupling with transversal phonons (in standard notations, gamma >gamma(t)). C1 Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Nanosci Ctr, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-1048 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, N-1048 Oslo, Norway. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Anghel, DV (reprint author), Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn Horia Hulubei, St Atomistilor 407,POB MG-6, Bucharest, Romania. RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008; Anghel, Dragos-Victor/A-3940-2008; OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902; Anghel, Dragos-Victor/0000-0003-4809-0482 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064202 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000025 ER PT J AU Belesi, M Zong, X Borsa, F Milios, CJ Perlepes, SP AF Belesi, M. Zong, X. Borsa, F. Milios, C. J. Perlepes, S. P. TI Proton NMR study in hexanuclear manganese single-molecule magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; CLUSTER AB We report a detailed proton NMR study, as a function of temperature and external magnetic field, of two hexanuclear manganese magnetic molecule clusters with chemical formula [Mn6O2(O2CMe)(2)(salox)(6)(EtOH)(4)]center dot 4EtOH (in short Mn-6 acetate) and [Mn6O2(O2CPh)(2)(salox)(6)(EtOH)(4)]center dot 4EtOH (henceforth Mn-6 benzoate). Both clusters are characterized by a ferrimagnetic ground state with total spin S-T=4 and a large uniaxial anisotropy, which gives rise to an effective energy barrier for the relaxation of the magnetization of the order of U-eff similar to 28 K. The main characteristics of the H-1 NMR spectra (measured between 1.5 K and room temperature for different fields) are explained in terms of the dipolar hyperfine interaction of the proton nuclei with the adjacent magnetic ions. At low temperatures (T < 3.5 K), the spectra broaden significantly and become structured due to the slowing down of the local fluctuating fields at the proton sites, caused by the gradual freezing of the Mn3+ moments into the S-T=4 collective ground state. The spin dynamics of the exchange coupled magnetic ions was also probed by proton spin-spin relaxation rate T-2(-1) and spin-lattice relaxation rate T-1(-1) measurements. On decreasing the temperature, a gradual enhancement of both relaxation rates is observed, followed by a significant decrease of the signal intensity (wipe-out effect). The low frequency regime of the spin fluctuations as probed by T-1(-1), can be described and analyzed in terms of a single characteristic correlation frequency omega(c)(T), which is interpreted as the lifetime broadening of the discrete magnetic energy levels due to spin-phonon interactions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Unita CNISM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Patras, Dept Chem, Patras 26500, Greece. RP Belesi, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Belesi, Maria Eleni/A-5717-2009; Zong, Xiaopeng/F-1529-2011; OI Milios, Constantinos/0000-0002-1970-6295 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064414 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000051 ER PT J AU Beloborodov, IS Glatz, A Vinokur, VM AF Beloborodov, I. S. Glatz, A. Vinokur, V. M. TI Transport properties of semiconducting nanocrystal arrays at low temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC CHARGE; CONDUCTIVITY AB We study the electron transport in semiconducting nanocrystal arrays at temperatures T < E-c, where E-c is the charging energy for a single grain. In this temperature range, the electron transport is dominated by cotunneling processes. We discuss both elastic and inelastic cotunneling and show that for semiconducting nanocrystal arrays, the inelastic contribution is strongly suppressed at low temperatures. We also compare our results with available experimental data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Beloborodov, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 052302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.052302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600006 ER PT J AU Burch, KS Dordevic, SV Mena, FP Kuzmenko, AB van der Marel, D Sarrao, JL Jeffries, JR Bauer, ED Maple, MB Basov, DN AF Burch, K. S. Dordevic, S. V. Mena, F. P. Kuzmenko, A. B. van der Marel, D. Sarrao, J. L. Jeffries, J. R. Bauer, E. D. Maple, M. B. Basov, D. N. TI Optical signatures of momentum-dependent hybridization of the local moments and conduction electrons in Kondo lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; INDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; CERHIN5; CECOIN5; PRESSURE; UPD2AL3; STATES AB An analysis of the optical properties of heavy fermion compounds is reported. We focus on the 1-1-5 series, where strong deviations of the spectra are seen from the predictions of the periodic Anderson model. Specifically we demonstrate that the differences between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions can be explained by accounting for the momentum dependence of the hybridization between the local moments and the conducting carriers. Furthermore we find correlations between the hybridization strength on a particular band and some properties of the 1-1-5 compounds. These correlations suggest that the momentum dependence of the hybridization has to be taken into account, for an understanding of the electronic properties of these heavy fermion compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Burch, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kburch@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Mena, Fausto Patricio/H-8193-2013; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012; OI Mena, Fausto Patricio/0000-0001-8616-0854; van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847; Burch, Kenneth/0000-0002-7541-0245; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054523 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600093 ER PT J AU Chan, KT Sau, JD Zhang, PH Cohen, ML AF Chan, Kevin T. Sau, Jay D. Zhang, Peihong Cohen, Marvin L. TI Ab initio calculations of phonon splitting in antiferromagnetic ZnCr2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DISPERSIONS; INSULATORS; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; SPINEL; OXIDES; CATION AB The full zone-center optical phonon spectrum and the exchange coupling constant J of the uniform collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered phase of ZnCr2O4 are calculated within density functional theory using the local spin density approximation (LSDA), the LSDA plus Hubbard U (LSDA+U), and the spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation (sigma-GGA). The AFM ordering is found to induce splittings in the infrared-active phonon modes, confirming the importance of spin-phonon coupling in ZnCr2O4. The sigma-GGA and the LSDA+U give magnitudes of phonon frequencies close to experiment, while the LSDA frequencies are slightly softer. However, only the LSDA+U exchange constant and phonon splittings are consistent with experiment and previous calculations. A correspondence between the exchange constant and the splittings for the infrared-active phonon modes is found. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Chan, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054304 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600041 ER PT J AU Choi, WH Koh, H Rotenberg, E Yeom, HW AF Choi, W. H. Koh, H. Rotenberg, E. Yeom, H. W. TI Electronic structure of dense Pb overlayers on Si(111) investigated using angle-resolved photoemission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES; SILICON SURFACES; LOW-TEMPERATURES; PB/SI(111); GROWTH; PHASES; STM AB Dense Pb overlayers on Si(111) are important as the wetting layer for anomalous Pb island growth as well as for their own complex "devil's-staircase" phases. The electronic structures of dense Pb overlayers on Si(111) were investigated in detail by angle-resolved photoemission. Among the series of ordered phases found recently above one monolayer, the low-coverage root 7x root 3 and the high-coverage 14x root 3 phases are studied; they are well ordered and form reproducibly in large areas. The band dispersions and Fermi surfaces of the two-dimensional (2D) electronic states of these overlayers are mapped out. A number of metallic surface-state bands are identified for both phases with complex Fermi contours. The basic features of the observed Fermi contours can be explained by overlapping 2D free-electron-like Fermi circles. This analysis reveals that the 2D electrons near the Fermi level of the root 7x root 3 and 14x root 3 phases are mainly governed by strong 1x1 and root 3x root 3 potentials, respectively. The origins of the 2D electronic states and their apparent Fermi surface shapes are discussed based on recent structure models. C1 Yonsei Univ, Ctr Atom Wires & Layers, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yeom, HW (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Ctr Atom Wires & Layers, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM yeom@yonsei.ac.kr RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 075329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075329 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400083 ER PT J AU Fernando, GW Kocharian, AN Palandage, K Wang, T Davenport, JW AF Fernando, G. W. Kocharian, A. N. Palandage, K. Wang, Tun Davenport, J. W. TI Phase separation and electron pairing in repulsive Hubbard clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CORRELATED ELECTRONS; GROUND-STATE; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIAGONALIZATION; SUPPRESSION; BINDING; RINGS; HOLES AB Exact thermal studies of small (4-site and 8-site) Hubbard clusters with local electron repulsion yield intriguing insight into phase separation, charge-spin separation, pseudogaps, condensation, and, in particular, pairing fluctuations away from half-filling. These exact calculations, carried out in canonical and grand canonical ensembles, monitoring variations in temperature T and magnetic field h, show rich phase diagrams in a T-mu space consisting of pairing fluctuations and signatures of condensation. Corresponding electron pairing instabilities are seen when the on-site Coulomb interaction U is smaller than a critical value U-c(T) and they point to a possible electron pairing mechanism. The specific heat, magnetization, charge pairing, and spin pairing provide strong support for the existence of competing (paired and unpaired) phases near optimal doping in these clusters, and numerous similarities with experiments on high T-c superconductors are pointed out. In addition, these ideas may be linked to superconducting carbon nanotubes where a purely electronic mechanism could be responsible for superconductivity. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pierce Coll, Woodland Hills, CA 91371 USA. Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. RP Fernando, GW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, U-46, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 8 AR 085109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.085109 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140VC UT WOS:000244533800021 ER PT J AU Grenier, S Kiryukhin, V Cheong, SW Kim, BG Hill, JP Thomas, KJ Tonnerre, JM Joly, Y Staub, U Scagnoli, V AF Grenier, S. Kiryukhin, V. Cheong, S-W. Kim, B. G. Hill, J. P. Thomas, K. J. Tonnerre, J. M. Joly, Y. Staub, U. Scagnoli, V. TI Observation of orbital ordering and Jahn-Teller distortions supporting the Wigner-crystal model in highly doped Bi1-xCaxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BI-STRIPE; CHARGE; LAMNO3; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4; MANGANITES AB We report on the experimental characterization of orbital ordering and the associated lattice distortions in highly doped Bi1-xCaxMnO3. Resonant x-ray diffraction was used at the Mn L-edge for the direct observation of the ordered localized states, and at the Mn K-edge for the sensitivity to the distortions of the manganese-oxygen octahedra. The orbital ordering on Mn atoms was directly observed at x=0.69; the analysis and the numerical simulations of the K-edge spectra allow us to characterize the pattern of the distorted octahedra at x=4/5. These observations support the Wigner-crystal-type model at both dopings; the bi-stripe model is ruled out at x=0.69. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Grenier, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; scagnoli, valerio/C-6833-2008; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015 OI scagnoli, valerio/0000-0002-8116-8870; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375; NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 8 AR 085101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.085101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140VC UT WOS:000244533800013 ER PT J AU He, LX Zunger, A AF He, Lixin Zunger, Alex TI Electronic structures of (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot molecules made of dots with dissimilar sizes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; ISLANDS; PHASES AB Using single-particle pseudopotential and many-particle configuration interaction methods, we compare various physical quantities of (In,Ga)As/GaAS quantum dot molecules (QDM's) made of dissimilar dots (heteropolar QDM's) with QDM's made of identical dots (homopolar QDM's). The calculations show that the electronic structures of hetero-QDM's and homo-QDM's differ significantly at large interdot distance. In particular, (i) unlike those of homo-QDM's, the single-particle molecular orbitals of hetero-QDM's convert to dot-localized orbitals at large interdot distance. (ii) Consequently, in a hetero-QMD the bonding-antibonding splitting of molecular orbitals at large interdot distance is significantly larger than the electron hopping energy whereas for a homo-QDM, the bonding-antibonding splitting is very similar to the hopping energy. (iii) The asymmetry of the QDM increases significantly the double occupation for the two-electron ground states and therefore lowers the degree of entanglement of the two electrons. C1 Univ Sci & Technol China, Key Lab Quantum Informat, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP He, LX (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Key Lab Quantum Informat, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 075330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075330 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400084 ER PT J AU Heidrich-Meisner, F Sergienko, IA Feiguin, AE Dagotto, ER AF Heidrich-Meisner, F. Sergienko, I. A. Feiguin, A. E. Dagotto, E. R. TI Universal emergence of the one-third plateau in the magnetization process of frustrated quantum spin chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEXT-NEAREST-NEIGHBOR; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC HEISENBERG CHAIN; STATE PHASE-DIAGRAM; MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; DIMER GROUND-STATE; TRIANGULAR LATTICE; BOND-ALTERNATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SYSTEM SRCU2(BO3)(2); FIELD-THEORY AB We present a numerical study of the magnetization process of frustrated quantum spin-S chains with S=1,3/2,2 as well as the classical limit. Using the exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization techniques, we provide evidence that a plateau at one third of the saturation magnetization exists in the magnetization curve of frustrated spin-S chains with S > 1/2. Similar to the case of S=1/2, this plateau state breaks the translational symmetry of the Hamiltonian and realizes an up-up-down pattern in the spin component parallel to the external field. Our study further shows that this plateau exists both in the cases of an isotropic exchange and in the easy-axis regime for spin-S=1, 3/2, and 2, but is absent in classical frustrated spin chains with isotropic interactions. We discuss the magnetic phase diagram of frustrated spin-1 and spin-3/2 chains as well as other emergent features of the magnetization process such as kink singularities, jumps, and even-odd effects. A quantitative comparison of the one-third plateau in the easy-axis regime between spin-1 and spin-3/2 chains on the one hand and the classical frustrated chain on the other hand indicates that the critical frustration and the phase boundaries of this state rapidly approach the classical result as the spin S increases. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Micorsoft Project Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Heidrich-Meisner, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Heidrich-Meisner, Fabian/B-6228-2009 NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064413 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000050 ER PT J AU Hu, RW Lauritch-Kullas, K O'Brian, J Mitrovic, VF Petrovic, C AF Hu, Rongwei Lauritch-Kullas, K. O'Brian, J. Mitrovic, V. F. Petrovic, C. TI Anisotropy of electrical transport and superconductivity in metal chains of Nb2Se3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; BANDS; NB3X4 AB In this work we have shown bulk superconductivity and studied the anisotropy in both the normal and superconducting states in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor Nb2Se3. Electron-electron Umklapp scattering dominates electronic transport along the direction of Nb metal chains as well as perpendicular to it. The superconducting state is rather anisotropic with possible multiband features. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hu, RW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Hu, Rongwei/E-7128-2012 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064517 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000084 ER PT J AU Iddir, H Ogut, S Zapol, P Browning, ND AF Iddir, Hakim Ogut, Serdar Zapol, Peter Browning, Nigel D. TI Diffusion mechanisms of native point defects in rutile TiO2: Ab initio total-energy calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; TIO2(110); DENSITY; METALS; STATES; FILMS AB The structural energetics and diffusion mechanisms of the two most important point defects in rutile TiO2, the oxygen vacancy (V-O) and the titanium interstitial (Ti-I), are examined using the ab initio pseudopotential total-energy method. The two defects are found to be somewhat competitive in energy, with V-O being more favorable in a larger range of the stoichiometry. The Ti-I, on the other hand, is shown to be the major diffusive species, since its low migration barrier is significantly smaller (by similar to 1 eV) compared to that of V-O. The diffusion mechanisms of Ti-I parallel and perpendicular to the crystal c axis are found to be different with a surprisingly larger barrier along the more open [001] direction, which was originally thought to be the easier channel for Ti self-diffusion. These theoretical findings are in excellent quantitative agreement with existing experimental data. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iddir, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 29 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 073203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.073203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400008 ER PT J AU Ivashchenko, VI Turchi, PEA Shevchenko, VI AF Ivashchenko, V. I. Turchi, P. E. A. Shevchenko, V. I. TI Simulations of the mechanical properties of crystalline, nanocrystalline, and amorphous SiC and Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FILMS; HARDNESS; NANOINDENTATION; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE AB Molecular-dynamics simulations of crystalline (c), nanocrystalline (nc), and amorphous (a) silicon carbides and silicon were carried out to investigate their vibrational and mechanical properties. The atomic configurations, vibrational spectra, and stress-strain curves were calculated at room temperature. In the case of the nanocrystalline structures, these characteristics were analyzed as functions of grain size. Young's and bulk modul and yield and flow stresses were determined from uniaxial deformation of samples under periodic boundary constraints and from experiments on rod extension. For silicon carbides, Young's modulus and flow stress decrease in the sequence "c-nc-a," and with decreasing grain size, which is attributed to a weakening of the Si-C bonds in the amorphous matrix. The enhancement of the strength properties of the homopolar nc-Si structures is attributed to their deformation anisotropy. The calculated vibrational spectra and Young's moduli are in rather good agreement with the corresponding experimental characteristics. C1 NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ivashchenko, VI (reprint author), NAS Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, Krzhyzhanovsky Str 3, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 8 AR 085209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.085209 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140VC UT WOS:000244533800030 ER PT J AU Jelinek, B Houze, J Kim, S Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Kim, SG AF Jelinek, B. Houze, J. Kim, Sungho Horstemeyer, M. F. Baskes, M. I. Kim, Seong-Gon TI Modified embedded-atom method interatomic potentials for the Mg-Al alloy system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HCP METALS; ALUMINUM; SILICON; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SIMULATIONS; IMPURITIES; MAGNESIUM; HYDROGEN; PHASES AB We developed modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) interatomic potentials for the Mg-Al alloy system using a first-principles method based on density functional theory (DFT). The materials parameters, such as the cohesive energy, equilibrium atomic volume, and bulk modulus, were used to determine the MEAM parameters. Face-centered cubic, hexagonal close packed, and cubic rock salt structures were used as the reference structures for Al, Mg, and MgAl, respectively. The applicability of these MEAM potentials to atomistic simulations for investigating Mg-Al alloys was demonstrated by performing simulations on Mg and Al atoms in a variety of geometries. These MEAM potentials were used to calculate the adsorption energies of Al and Mg atoms on Al (111) and Mg (0001) surfaces. The formation energies and geometries of various point defects, such as vacancies, interstitial defects, and substitutional defects, were also calculated. We found that the MEAM potentials give a better overall agreement with DFT calculations and experiments when compared against the previously published MEAM potentials. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jelinek, B (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kimsg@hpc.msstate.edu RI Jelinek, Bohumir/C-4376-2008; OI Jelinek, Bohumir/0000-0002-2622-4235; Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054106 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600026 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG AF Kogan, V. G. TI Interaction of vortices in thin superconducting films and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; VORTEX; TEMPERATURE AB The precondition for the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in thin superconducting films, i.e., the logarithmic intervortex interaction, is satisfied at short distances relative to Lambda=2 lambda(2)/d, where lambda is the London penetration depth of the bulk material and d is the film thickness. For this reason, the search for the transition has been conducted in samples of the size L 0). Assuming the in-plane effective mass m(*) for Bi2201 to be comparable to three to four times the bare electron mass m(e) as found in La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) and YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) systems, we obtain n(s)similar to 0.15-0.2 per Cu for the x=0.4 Bi2201 system. This carrier density is much smaller than the Hall number n(Hall)similar to 10 per Cu obtained at T < 1.6 K in high magnetic fields (40-60 T) along the c axis applied to suppress superconductivity. The present results of the superfluid density (n(s)/m(*)) in Bi2201 are compared with those from other cuprate systems, including YBCO systems with very much reduced T-c < 20 K studied by microwave, H-c1, and inductance methods. Additional muon-spin-relaxation (mu SR) measurements have been performed on a single-crystal specimen of Bi2201 (x=0.4) in a high transverse magnetic field of 5 T parallel to the c axis, in order to search for the field-induced muon spin relaxation recently found in LSCO and some other high-temperature superconducting cuprate (HTSC) systems well above T-c. The nearly temperature-independent and very small relaxation rate observed in Bi2201 above T-c rules out a hypothesis that the field-induced relaxation is directly proportional to the magnitude of the Nernst coefficient, which is a measure of the strength of dynamic superconductivity. We also describe a procedure for angular averaging of sigma in mu SR measurements using ceramic specimens with modest alignment of c-axis orientations, together with the neutron-scattering results obtained for determining the orientation distribution of microcrystallites in the present ceramic specimens. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8P 4N3, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CRIEPI, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Uemura, YJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM tomo@lorentz.phys.columbia.edu RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173 NR 95 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054511 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600081 ER PT J AU Shen, KM Ronning, F Meevasana, W Lu, DH Ingle, NJC Baumberger, F Lee, WS Miller, LL Kohsaka, Y Azuma, M Takano, M Takagi, H Shen, ZX AF Shen, K. M. Ronning, F. Meevasana, W. Lu, D. H. Ingle, N. J. C. Baumberger, F. Lee, W. S. Miller, L. L. Kohsaka, Y. Azuma, M. Takano, M. Takagi, H. Shen, Z. -X. TI Angle-resolved photoemission studies of lattice polaron formation in the cuprate Ca2CuO2Cl2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LINE-SHAPES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SR2CUO2CL2; DISPERSION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; OXIDE AB To elucidate the nature of the single-particle excitations in the undoped parent cuprates, we have performed a detailed study of Ca2CuO2Cl2 using photoemission spectroscopy. The photoemission line shapes of the lower Hubbard band are found to be well-described by a polaron model. By comparing the line shape and temperature dependence of the lower Hubbard band with additional O 2p and Ca 3p states, we conclude that the dominant broadening mechanism arises from the interaction between the photohole and the lattice. The strength of this interaction was observed to be strongly anisotropic and may have important implications for the momentum dependence of the first doped hole states. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Shen, KM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Baumberger, Felix/A-5170-2008; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009 OI Baumberger, Felix/0000-0001-7104-7541; Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 075115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075115 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400044 ER PT J AU Smadici, S Abbamonte, P Taguchi, M Kohsaka, Y Sasagawa, T Azuma, M Takano, M Takagi, H AF Smadici, Serban Abbamonte, Peter Taguchi, Munetaka Kohsaka, Yuhki Sasagawa, Takao Azuma, Masaki Takano, Mikio Takagi, Hidenori TI Absence of long-ranged charge order in NaxCa2-xCuO2Cl2 (x=0.08) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; DOPED HOLES; CA2-XNAXCUO2CL2; LA1.48ND0.4SR0.12CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XSRXCUO4; STATES; LADDER AB Recent scanning-tunneling spectroscopy (STS) studies of the cupric oxychloride NaxCa2-xCuO2Cl2 (NCCOC) have uncovered a periodic 4ax4a density of states (DOS) modulation, termed a "checkerboard" [T. Hanaguri , Nature (London) 430, 1001 (2004)]. The periodicity of this phase is the same as that of the "stripe" charge order observed with neutron scattering in the very similar systems La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 (LNSCO) [J. M. Tranquada , Nature (London) 375, 561 (1995)] and La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 (LBCO) [M. Fujita , Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 167008 (2002)]. This raises the question of whether the stripes are, in fact, actually checkerboards. Unfortunately, NCCOC samples are very small and LBCO and LNSCO samples do not cleave, so neutron and STS measurements cannot be carried out on the same system. To determine the relationship between stripes and checkers, we used resonant soft-x-ray scattering, previously applied to LBCO [P. Abbamonte , Nat. Phys. 1, 155 (2005)], to study single crystals of NCCOC. No evidence was seen for a 4ax4a DOS modulation, indicating that the checkerboard effect is not directly related to the stripe modulation in LBCO. We place an upper bound on the product of the charge amplitude and the square of the in-plane correlation length of 2.3x10(3) hole A(2). Our measurements suggest that the checkers in NCCOC are either glassy or are nucleated by the surface, as suggested by Brown et al. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RIKEN, SPRING 8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778562, Japan. RP Smadici, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 075104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400033 ER PT J AU Unal, B Fournee, V Schnitzenbaumer, KJ Ghosh, C Jenks, CJ Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Evans, JW Thiel, PA AF Unal, B. Fournee, V. Schnitzenbaumer, K. J. Ghosh, C. Jenks, C. J. Ross, A. R. Lograsso, T. A. Evans, J. W. Thiel, P. A. TI Nucleation and growth of Ag islands on fivefold Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal surfaces: Dependence of island density on temperature and flux SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ION-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; DIFFUSION; PARAMETERS; TEMPLATES; MECHANISM; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the nucleation and growth of Ag islands on the fivefold surface of an icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal. Analysis of the data as a function of deposition temperature, from 127 K to 300 K, reveals that island density is constant, while at higher temperature it decreases. To model this behavior, we first show that the potential energy surface describing bonding of Ag at various locations on the surface is complex, with a few sites acting as traps for clusters of adatoms. We then develop a rate equation model which incorporates enhanced nucleation at trap sites relative to nucleation at regular sites on terraces. It recovers the temperature dependence of the island density, plus previous flux-scaling data. Our model suggests that the critical size for both types of nucleation sites is large-corresponding to stable clusters of at least 6 Ag atoms-and that binding between atoms at trap sites is significantly stronger than at free terrace sites. The data and the model, combined, provide guidance about the conditions of temperature and flux under which saturation of trap sites can be expected. This, in turn, provides a general indicator of the conditions that may favor localized pseudomorphic growth at low coverage, here and in other systems. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR 7584, LSG2M, F-54042 Nancy, France. RP Unal, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 064205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064205 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UU UT WOS:000244533000028 ER PT J AU Van Heumen, E Lortz, R Kuzmenko, AB Carbone, F Van der Marel, D Zhao, X Yu, G Cho, Y Barisic, N Greven, M Homes, CC Dordevic, SV AF van Heumen, E. Lortz, R. Kuzmenko, A. B. Carbone, F. van der Marel, D. Zhao, X. Yu, G. Cho, Y. Barisic, N. Greven, M. Homes, C. C. Dordevic, S. V. TI Optical and thermodynamic properties of the high-temperature superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C; HEAT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PSEUDOGAP; YBA2CU3O7 AB In- and out-of-plane optical spectra and specific heat measurements for the single layer cuprate superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta (Hg-1201) at optimal doping (T-c=97 K) are presented. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane superfluid density agree well with a recently proposed scaling relation rho(s)proportional to sigma T-dc(c). It is shown that there is a superconductivity induced increase of the in-plane low frequency spectral weight which follows the trend found in underdoped and optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) and optimally doped Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta (Bi-2223). We observe an increase of optical spectral weight which corresponds to a change in kinetic energy Delta W approximate to 0.5 meV/Cu which is more than enough to explain the condensation energy. The specific heat anomaly is 10 times smaller than in YBa2Cu3O6+delta (YBCO) and 3 times smaller than in Bi-2212. The shape of the anomaly is similar to the one observed in YBCO showing that the superconducting transition is governed by thermal fluctuations. C1 Univ Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Dept Phys Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Van Heumen, E (reprint author), Univ Geneva, 24 Quai E Ansermet, Geneva 4, Switzerland. RI Carbone, Fabrizio/A-2969-2012; Yu, Guichuan/K-4025-2014; Barisic, Neven/E-4246-2015; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012; OI van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847; Cho, Yong Chan/0000-0003-3976-8343 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054522 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600092 ER PT J AU Visani, C Pena, V Garcia-Barriocanal, J Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Santamaria, J Nemes, NM Garcia-Hernandez, M Martinez, JL Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A AF Visani, C. Pena, V. Garcia-Barriocanal, J. Arias, D. Sefrioui, Z. Leon, C. Santamaria, J. Nemes, N. M. Garcia-Hernandez, M. Martinez, J. L. Velthuis, S. G. E. te Hoffmann, A. TI Spin-dependent magnetoresistance of ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 trilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS; SUPERLATTICES; FERROMAGNET; MULTILAYERS; IMBALANCE; MAGNETISM AB We report on large magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet trilayer structures made of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and YBa2Cu3O7. We find that the shape and height of the magnetoresistance peaks are not modified when the relative orientation of current and magnetic field is changed from parallel to perpendicular. Furthermore, we find that the temperature shift of the resistance curves is independent of current and of the sweep rate of the magnetic field. These observations favor the view that the magnetoresistance phenomenon originates in the spin dependent transport of quasiparticles transmitted from the ferromagnetic electrodes into the superconductor, and rule out interpretations in terms of spontaneous vortices or anisotropic magnetoresistance of the ferromagnetic layers. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, ICMM, Canto Blanco 28049, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arias, D (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Nemes, Norbert Marcel/B-6275-2009; Martinez, Jose/B-5371-2013; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Nemes, Norbert Marcel/0000-0002-7856-3642; Martinez, Jose/0000-0001-9046-8237; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600071 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Hu, B Howe, J Li, AP Shen, J AF Wu, Yue Hu, Bin Howe, Jane Li, An-Ping Shen, Jian TI Spin injection from ferromagnetic Co nanoclusters into organic semiconducting polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; TRIPLET; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SINGLET AB We report a spin-polarized hole injection into organic semiconductor poly[2-methoxy-5-(2(')-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEHPPV) layer from cobalt (Co) nanoscale clusters based on electroluminescence (EL) studies at liquid nitrogen temperature. The magnetic field effect on EL intensity indicates that the spin injection essentially increases the singlet-to-triplet exciton ratio in organic semiconductors. The Co size-dependent EL shows that the spin-injection efficiency decreases rapidly when the Co clusters percolate to a continuous film. The thickness-dependent EL enhancement of magnetic field suggests that the diffusion length of spin-polarized holes is about 60 nm in the MEHPPV. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012; Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493; Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 7 AR 075413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075413 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UY UT WOS:000244533400099 ER PT J AU Zarestky, JL Moze, O Lynn, JW Chen, Y Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Zarestky, J. L. Moze, O. Lynn, J. W. Chen, Y. Lograsso, T. A. Schlagel, D. L. TI Spin-wave dispersion in magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys: Inelastic neutron scattering measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON-GALLIUM ALLOYS; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; SI ALLOYS; BCC FE; MAGNETOELASTICITY; MARTENSITE; CRYSTALS; POINT AB Fe-Ga alloys of appropriate Ga concentration and heat treatment show a very large enhancement in the tetragonal magnetostriction over that of pure alpha-Fe [lambda(100)(Fe-Ga)similar to 15 lambda(100)(Fe)]. In order to gain further understanding of the extraordinary magnetoelastic characteristics of this system, the spin dynamics of two of these alloys, Fe1-xGax (x=0.160 and 0.225), were studied using inelastic neutron scattering techniques. The correlation of the spin-wave dispersion curve with the lattice constant and atomic radii of solute is examined for this and other Fe alloys. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zarestky, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 052406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.052406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600012 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Masuda, T Dhalenne, G Revcolevschi, A Frost, C Perring, T AF Zheludev, A. Masuda, T. Dhalenne, G. Revcolevschi, A. Frost, C. Perring, T. TI Scaling of dynamic spin correlations in BaCu2(Si0.5Ge0.5)(2)O-7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; BACU2(SI1-XGEX)(2)O-7; BACU2SI2O7; CONTINUUM; SPECTRUM; KCUF3; PHASE AB The magnetic dynamic structure factor of the one-dimensional S=1/2 chain system BaCu2(Si0.5Ge0.5)(2)O-7 is studied in a wide range of energy transfers and temperatures. Contrary to previous erroneous reports [T. Masuda , Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 077206 (2004)], the scaling properties observed in the range 0.5-25 meV are found to be fully consistent with expectations for a Luttinger spin liquid. At higher energies, a breakdown of scaling laws is observed and attributed to lattice effects. The results are complementary to those found in literature for other S=1/2 chain compounds, such as KCuF3 and Cu benzoate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Yokohama City Univ, Int Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360027, Japan. Univ Paris 11, Lab Physicochim Etat Solide, F-91405 Orsay, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HFIR Ctr Neutron Scattering, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 5 AR 054409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.054409 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 140UQ UT WOS:000244532600053 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Al-Jamel, A Amirikas, R Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chiba, J Chi, CY Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A d'Enterria, D Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA duRietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Garpman, S Germain, M Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R Hayashi, N Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM He, X Hibino, M Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kaufman, M Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Le Bornec, Y Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Li, XH Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Parmar, A Pate, SF Pei, H Peitzmann, T Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Sahlmueller, B Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adler, S. S. Afanasiev, S. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N. N. Akiba, Y. Alexander, J. Al-Jamel, A. Amirikas, R. Aoki, K. Aphecetche, L. Armendariz, R. Aronson, S. H. Averbeck, R. Awes, T. C. Azmoun, R. Babintsev, V. Baldisseri, A. Barish, K. N. Barnes, P. D. Bassalleck, B. Bathe, S. Batsouli, S. Baublis, V. Bauer, F. Bazilevsky, A. Belikov, S. Berdnikov, Y. Bhagavatula, S. Bjorndal, M. T. Boissevain, J. G. Borel, H. Borenstein, S. Brooks, M. L. Brown, D. S. Bruner, N. Bucher, D. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Bunce, G. Burward-Hoy, J. M. Butsyk, S. Camard, X. Chai, J. -S. Chand, P. Chang, W. C. Chernichenko, S. Chiba, J. Chi, C. Y. Chiu, M. Choi, I. J. Choi, J. Choudhury, R. K. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Cobigo, Y. Cole, B. A. Comets, M. P. Constantin, P. Csanad, M. Csorgo, T. Cussonneau, J. P. Das, K. David, G. Deak, F. Delagrange, H. Denisov, A. d'Enterria, D. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E. J. Devismes, A. Dietzsch, O. Drachenberg, J. L. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Drees, K. A. duRietz, R. Durum, A. Dutta, D. Dzhordzhadze, V. Efremenko, Y. V. El Chenawi, K. Enokizono, A. En'yo, H. Espagnon, B. Esumi, S. Ewell, L. Fields, D. E. Finck, C. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S. L. Fox, B. D. Fraenkel, Z. Frantz, J. E. Franz, A. Frawley, A. D. Fukao, Y. Fung, S. -Y. Gadrat, S. Garpman, S. Germain, M. Ghosh, T. K. Glenn, A. Gogiberidze, G. Gonin, M. Gosset, J. Goto, Y. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Grau, N. Greene, S. V. Grosse Perdekamp, M. Guryn, W. Gustafsson, H. -A. Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J. S. Hamagaki, H. Hansen, A. G. Hartouni, E. P. Harvey, M. Hasuko, K. Hayano, R. Hayashi, N. Heffner, M. Hemmick, T. K. Heuser, J. M. He, X. Hibino, M. Hidas, P. Hiejima, H. Hill, J. C. Hobbs, R. Holzmann, W. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoover, A. Horaguchi, T. Ichihara, T. Ikonnikov, V. V. Imai, K. Inaba, M. Inuzuka, M. Isenhower, D. Isenhower, L. Ishihara, M. Issah, M. Isupov, A. Jacak, B. V. Jang, W. Y. Jeong, Y. Jia, J. Jinnouchi, O. Johnson, B. M. Johnson, S. C. Joo, K. S. Jouan, D. Kajihara, F. Kametani, S. Kamihara, N. Kaneta, M. Kang, J. H. Kapoor, S. S. Katou, K. Kaufman, M. Kawabata, T. Kazantsev, A. V. Kelly, S. Khachaturov, B. Khanzadeev, A. Kikuchi, J. Kim, D. H. Kim, D. J. Kim, D. W. Kim, E. Kim, G. -B. Kim, H. J. Kinney, E. Kiss, A. Kistenev, E. Kiyomichi, A. Kiyoyama, K. Klein-Boesing, C. Kobayashi, H. Kochenda, L. Kochetkov, V. Koehler, D. Kohama, T. Kohara, R. Komkov, B. Konno, M. Kopytine, M. Kotchetkov, D. Kozlov, A. Kroon, P. J. Kuberg, C. H. Kunde, G. J. Kurita, K. Kuroki, Y. Kweon, M. J. Kwon, Y. Kyle, G. S. Lacey, R. Ladygin, V. Lajoie, J. G. Lebedev, A. Le Bornec, Y. Leckey, S. Lee, D. M. Lee, S. Leitch, M. J. Leite, M. A. L. Lim, H. Litvinenko, A. Liu, M. X. Liu, Y. Li, X. H. Maguire, C. F. Makdisi, Y. I. Malakhov, A. Manko, V. I. Mao, Y. Martinez, G. Marx, M. D. Masui, H. Matathias, F. Matsumoto, T. McCain, M. C. McGaughey, P. L. Melnikov, E. Messer, F. Miake, Y. Milan, J. Miller, T. E. Milov, A. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, R. E. Mishra, G. C. Mitchell, J. T. Mohanty, A. K. Morrison, D. P. Moss, J. M. Muhlbacher, F. Mukhopadhyay, D. Muniruzzaman, M. Murata, J. Nagamiya, S. Nagle, J. L. Nakamura, T. Nandi, B. K. Nara, M. Newby, J. Nilsson, P. Nyanin, A. S. Nystrand, J. O'Brien, E. Ogilvie, C. A. Ohnishi, H. Ojha, I. D. Okada, H. Okada, K. Ono, M. Onuchin, V. Oskarsson, A. Otterlund, I. Oyama, K. Ozawa, K. Pal, D. Palounek, A. P. T. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, V. Park, J. Park, W. J. Parmar, A. Pate, S. F. Pei, H. Peitzmann, T. Penev, V. Peng, J. -C. Pereira, H. Peresedov, V. Pierson, A. Pinkenburg, C. Pisani, R. P. Plasil, F. Purschke, M. L. Purwar, A. K. Qualls, J. M. Rak, J. Ravinovich, I. Read, K. F. Reuter, M. Reygers, K. Riabov, V. Riabov, Y. Roche, G. Romana, A. Rosati, M. Rosendahl, S. S. E. Rosnet, P. Rykov, V. L. Ryu, S. S. Sadler, M. E. Sahlmueller, B. Saito, N. Sakaguchi, T. Sakai, M. Sakai, S. Samsonov, V. Sanfratello, L. Santo, R. Sato, H. D. Sato, S. Sawada, S. Schutz, Y. Semenov, V. Seto, R. Shaw, M. R. Shea, T. K. Shein, I. Shibata, T. -A. Shigaki, K. Shiina, T. Shimomura, M. Sickles, A. Silva, C. L. Silvermyr, D. Sim, K. S. Singh, C. P. Singh, V. Sivertz, M. Soldatov, A. Soltz, R. A. Sondheim, W. E. Sorensen, S. P. Sourikova, I. V. Staley, F. Stankus, P. W. Stenlund, E. Stepanov, M. Ster, A. Stoll, S. P. Sugitate, T. Sullivan, J. P. Takagi, S. Takagui, E. M. Taketani, A. Tamai, M. Tanaka, K. H. Tanaka, Y. Tanida, K. Tannenbaum, M. J. Taranenko, A. Tarjan, P. Tepe, J. D. Thomas, T. L. Togawa, M. Tojo, J. Torii, H. Towell, R. S. Tram, V. -N. Tserruya, I. Tsuchimoto, Y. Tsuruoka, H. Tuli, S. K. Tydesjo, H. Tyurin, N. Uam, T. J. van Hecke, H. W. Velkovska, J. Velkovsky, M. Veszpremi, V. Villatte, L. Vinogradov, A. A. Volkov, M. A. Vznuzdaev, E. Wang, X. R. Watanabe, Y. White, S. N. Willis, N. Wohn, F. K. Woody, C. L. Xie, W. Yang, Y. Yanovich, A. Yokkaichi, S. Young, G. R. Yushmanov, I. E. Zajc, W. A. Zhang, C. Zhou, S. Zhou, S. J. Zimanyi, J. Zolin, L. Zong, X. CA PHENIX Collaboration TI High transverse momentum eta meson production in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID TO-LEADING ORDER; PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION; HADRONIC-Z DECAYS; INCLUSIVE PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; E+ E-ANNIHILATION; AU-AU COLLISIONS; PP-COLLISIONS AB Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons in the range p(T)approximate to 2-12 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.35) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC in p+p,d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV. The eta mesons are reconstructed through their eta ->gamma gamma channel for the three colliding systems as well as through the eta ->pi(0)pi(+)pi(-) decay mode in p+p and d+Au collisions. The nuclear modification factor in d+Au collisions, R-dAu(p(T))approximate to 1.0-1.1, suggests at most only modest p(T) broadening ("Cronin enhancement"). In central Au+Au reactions, the eta yields are significantly suppressed, with R-AuAu(p(T))approximate to 0.2. The ratio of eta to pi(0) yields is approximately constant as a function of p(T) for the three colliding systems in agreement with the high-p(T) world average of R-eta/pi(0)approximate to 0.5 in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions for a wide range of center-of-mass energies (root sNN approximate to 3-1800 GeV) as well as, for high scaled momentum x(p), in e(+)e(-) annihilations at root s=91.2 GeV. These results are consistent with a scenario where high-p(T) eta production in nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is largely unaffected by initial-state effects but where light-quark mesons (pi(0),eta) are equally suppressed due to final-state interactions of the parent partons in the dense medium produced in Au+Au reactions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, RU-142281 Protvino, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA, KFKI,RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Leningrad, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul 151, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Sorensen, Soren /K-1195-2016; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Sorensen, Soren /0000-0002-5595-5643; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 NR 154 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024909 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.024909 PG 36 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 140VI UT WOS:000244534400045 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Hauer, M Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Seals, H Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Wenger, E Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyslouch, B AF Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Hauer, M. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Wenger, E. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyslouch, B. CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Identified hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=62.4 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PHOBOS; DETECTORS AB Transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 62.4 GeV have been measured by the PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The identification of particles relies on three different methods: low momentum particles stopping in the first detector layers; the specific energy loss (dE/dx) in the silicon spectrometer, and time-of-flight measurement. These methods cover the transverse momentum ranges 0.03-0.2, 0.2-1.0, and 0.5-3.0 GeV/c, respectively. Baryons are found to have substantially harder transverse momentum spectra than mesons. The p(T) region in which the proton to pion ratio reaches unity in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 62.4 GeV fits into a smooth trend as a function of collision energy. At low transverse mass, the spectra of various species exhibit a significant deviation from transverse mass scaling. The observed particle yields at very low p(T) are comparable to extrapolations from higher p(T) for kaons, protons and antiprotons. By comparing our results to Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, we conclude that the net proton yield at midrapidity is proportional to the number of participant nucleons in the collision. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024910 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.024910 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 140VI UT WOS:000244534400046 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA AF Bertulani, C. A. TI Excitation of soft dipole modes in electron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; 2-NEUTRON HALO NUCLEI; E1 STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; MULTIPOLE EXCITATIONS; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; LI-11; FRAGMENTATION; COLLISIONS AB The excitation of soft dipole modes in light nuclei via inelastic electron scattering is investigated. I show that, under the proposed conditions of the forthcoming electron-ion colliders, the scattering cross sections have a direct relation to the scattering by real photons. The advantages of electron scattering over other electromagnetic probes is explored. The response functions for direct breakup are studied with few-body models. The dependence on final-state interactions is discussed. A comparison between direct breakup and collective models is performed. The results of this investigation are important for the planned electron-ion colliders at the GSI and RIKEN facilities. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bertulanica@ornl.gov NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.024606 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 140VI UT WOS:000244534400029 ER PT J AU Kelly, JJ Gayou, O Roche, RE Chai, Z Jones, MK Sarty, AJ Frullani, S Aniol, K Beise, EJ Benmokhtar, F Bertozzi, W Boeglin, WU Botto, T Brash, EJ Breuer, H Brown, E Burtin, E Calarco, JR Cavata, C Chang, CC Chant, NS Chen, JP Coman, M Crovelli, D De Leo, R Dieterich, S Escoffier, S Fissum, KG Garde, V Garibaldi, F Georgakopoulos, S Gilad, S Gilman, R Glashausser, C Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Hotta, A Huber, GM Ibrahim, H Iodice, M de Jager, CW Jiang, X Klimenko, A Kozlov, A Kumbartzki, G Kuss, M Lagamba, L Laveissiere, G LeRose, JJ Lindgren, RA Liyange, N Lolos, GJ Lourie, RW Margaziotis, DJ Marie, F Markowitz, P McAleer, S Meekins, D Michaels, R Milbrath, BD Mitchell, J Nappa, J Neyret, D Perdrisat, CF Potokar, M Punjabi, VA Pussieux, T Ransome, RD Roos, PG Rvachev, M Saha, A Sirca, S Suleiman, R Strauch, S Templon, JA Todor, L Ulmer, PE Urciuoli, GM Weinstein, LB Wijsooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, B Zheng, X Zhu, L AF Kelly, J. J. Gayou, O. Roche, R. E. Chai, Z. Jones, M. K. Sarty, A. J. Frullani, S. Aniol, K. Beise, E. J. Benmokhtar, F. Bertozzi, W. Boeglin, W. U. Botto, T. Brash, E. J. Breuer, H. Brown, E. Burtin, E. Calarco, J. R. Cavata, C. Chang, C. C. Chant, N. S. Chen, J. -P. Coman, M. Crovelli, D. De Leo, R. Dieterich, S. Escoffier, S. Fissum, K. G. Garde, V. Garibaldi, F. Georgakopoulos, S. Gilad, S. Gilman, R. Glashausser, C. Hansen, J. -O. Higinbotham, D. W. Hotta, A. Huber, G. M. Ibrahim, H. Iodice, M. de Jager, C. W. Jiang, X. Klimenko, A. Kozlov, A. Kumbartzki, G. Kuss, M. Lagamba, L. Laveissiere, G. LeRose, J. J. Lindgren, R. A. Liyange, N. Lolos, G. J. Lourie, R. W. Margaziotis, D. J. Marie, F. Markowitz, P. McAleer, S. Meekins, D. Michaels, R. Milbrath, B. D. Mitchell, J. Nappa, J. Neyret, D. Perdrisat, C. F. Potokar, M. Punjabi, V. A. Pussieux, T. Ransome, R. D. Roos, P. G. Rvachev, M. Saha, A. Sirca, S. Suleiman, R. Strauch, S. Templon, J. A. Todor, L. Ulmer, P. E. Urciuoli, G. M. Weinstein, L. B. Wijsooriya, K. Wojtsekhowski, B. Zheng, X. Zhu, L. CA Jefferson Lab E901011 Hall A Collaboration TI Recoil polarization measurements for neutral pion electroproduction at Q(2)=1(GeV/c)(2) near the Delta resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; PI(0) ELECTROPRODUCTION; PROTON POLARIZATION; ROPER RESONANCE; JEFFERSON-LAB; QUARK MODELS; FORM-FACTORS; HALL-A; NUCLEON; REGION AB We measured angular distributions of differential cross section, beam analyzing power, and recoil polarization for neutral pion electroproduction at Q(2)=1.0 (GeV/c)(2) in 10 bins of 1.17 <= W <= 1.35 GeV across the Delta resonance. A total of 16 independent response functions were extracted, of which 12 were observed for the first time. Comparisons with recent model calculations show that response functions governed by real parts of interference products are determined relatively well near the physical mass, W=M-Delta approximate to 1.232 GeV, but the variation among models is large for response functions governed by imaginary parts, and for both types of response functions, the variation increases rapidly with W > M-Delta. We performed a multipole analysis that adjusts suitable subsets of center dot(pi)<= 2 amplitudes with higher partial waves constrained by baseline models. This analysis provides both real and imaginary parts. The fitted multipole amplitudes are nearly model independent-there is very little sensitivity to the choice of baseline model or truncation scheme. By contrast, truncation errors in the traditional Legendre analysis of N ->Delta quadrupole ratios are not negligible. Parabolic fits to the W dependence around M-Delta for the multiple analysis gives values for Re(S1+/M1+)=(-6.61 +/- 0.18)% and Re(E1+/M1+)=(-2.87 +/- 0.19)% for the p pi(0) channel at W=1.232 GeV and Q(2)=1.0 (GeV/c)(2) that are distinctly larger than those from the Legendre analysis of the same data. Similarly, the multipole analysis gives Re(S0+/M1+)=(+7.1 +/- 0.8)% at W=1.232 GeV, consistent with recent models, while the traditional Legendre analysis gives the opposite sign because its truncation errors are quite severe. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Inst Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Blaise Pascal Clermont Ferrand, Aubiere, France. CNRS, IN2P3 LPC 63, Aubiere, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Renaissance Technol Corp, Moscow 117333, Russia. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kelly, JJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Sarty, Adam/G-2948-2014; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; CAVATA, Christian/P-6496-2015 OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 025201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.025201 PG 33 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 140VI UT WOS:000244534400047 ER PT J AU Uretsky, JL AF Uretsky, Jack L. TI Dual interpretations of pion clouds in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; RHO-MESON; GAS; MATTER; SYMMETRY; MODEL; HOT AB A gauge theory of pions interacting with rho-mesons at elevated temperatures is used to calculate the pressure in a hot pion gas. No reference is made to the pion's status as a QCD Goldstone boson. The role of the pion is merely that of a carrier of an SU(2) symmetry, gauged to create a vector-meson interaction, the rho playing the role of the interacting vector particle. The results are in rough agreement with much more elaborate calculations, both of the purely hadronic variety, and those that invoke quark-gluon degrees of freedom. The quark-gluon and purely hadronic calculations seemingly lead to very similar predictions which are in accord with recent data from the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The results motivate the question as to whether the two descriptions are dual to each other in the sense of being alternate models, each sufficient to explain the observed data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Uretsky, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.75.024901 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 140VI UT WOS:000244534400037 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CDO Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gmyrek, B Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M McCarthy, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, K Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, C Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Agelou, M. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barnes, C. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Binder, M. Biscarat, C. Black, K. M. Blackler, I. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Blumenschein, U. Boehnlein, A. Boeriu, O. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Busato, E. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, F. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Coppage, D. Corcoran, M. Cousinou, M. -C. Cox, B. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Das, M. Davies, B. Davies, G. Davis, G. A. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Demine, P. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Doidge, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Edwards, T. Ellison, J. 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Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Measurement of the W boson helicity in top quark decays at D0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; PLUS JETS EVENTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; STANDARD-MODEL; POLARIZATION; B->S-GAMMA AB We present a measurement of the fraction f(+) of right-handed W bosons produced in top quark decays, based on a candidate sample of tt events in the l + jets and dilepton decay channels corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 370 pb(-1) collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp Collider at root s = 1.96 TeV. We reconstruct the decay angle theta* for each lepton. By comparing the cos theta* distribution from the data with that for the expected background and signal for various values of f(+) (where we assume that the fraction of longitudinally-polarized W bosons has the standard model value of 0.70), we find f(+) = 0.056 +/- 0.080 (stat) +/- 0.057 (syst) (f(+) < 0.23 at 95% C. L.), consistent with the standard model prediction of f(+) = 3.6 X 10(-4). C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. LAFEX, Ctr Brasiliero Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ York, Toronto, ON, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ Prague, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Corpusculaire, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, IN2P3 CNRS, Marseille, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3 CNRS, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, IN2P3 CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Amsterdam, FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Fatakia, Sarosh/0000-0003-0430-3191; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for exotic S =-2 baryons in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; PENTAQUARK SEARCHES; RESONANCE; MASS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CALORIMETER; THETA(+); DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB A search for a manifestly exotic S = -2 baryon state decaying to Xi(-) pi(-), and its neutral partner decaying to Xi(-) pi(+), has been performed using 220 pb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The Xi(-) trajectories were measured in a silicon tracker before their decay, resulting in a sample with low background and excellent position resolution. No evidence was found for S = -2 pentaquark candidates in the invariant mass range of 1600-2100 MeV/c(2). Upper limits on the product of pentaquark production cross section times its branching fraction to Xi(-) pi(+, -), relative to the cross section of the well-established Xi(1530) resonance, are presented for neutral and doubly negative candidates with p(T) > 2 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 1 as a function of pentaquark mass. At 1862 MeV/c(2), these upper limits for neutral and doubly negative final states were found to be 3.2% and 1.7% at the 90% confidence level, respectively. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 032003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.032003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800010 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Budroni, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Precision measurement of the top-quark mass from dilepton events at CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLLIDER DETECTOR; FERMILAB TEVATRON AB We report a measurement of the top-quark mass, M(t), in the dilepton decay channel of tt -> bl'(+) v(l')bl(l)(-v) using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) of pp collisions collected with the CDF II detector. We apply a method that convolutes a leading-order matrix element with detector resolution functions to form event-by-event likelihoods; we have enhanced the leading-order description to describe the effects of initial-state radiation. The joint likelihood is the product of the likelihoods from 78 candidate events in this sample, which yields a measurement of M(t) = 164.5 +/- 3.9 (stat.) +/- 3.9 (syst.) GeV/c(2), the most precise measurement of Mt in the dilepton channel. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Investigac Energet Medioambientales & Technol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ITEP, Moscow, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena & Schuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014 OI Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; Group, Robert/0000-0002-4097-5254; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Margaroli, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3869-0153; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 031105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.031105 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800005 ER PT J AU Aharony, O Silverstein, E AF Aharony, Ofer Silverstein, Eva TI Supercritical stability, transitions, and (pseudo)tachyons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRING THEORY; QUANTUM GEOMETRY; COSMOLOGY AB Highly supercritical strings (c > 15) with a timelike linear dilaton provide a large class of solutions to string theory, in which closed string tachyon condensation is under control (and follows the world sheet renormalization group flow). In this note we analyze the late-time stability of such backgrounds, including transitions between them. The large friction introduced by the rolling dilaton and the rapid decrease of the string coupling suppress the backreaction of naive instabilities. In particular, although the graviton, dilaton, and other light fields have negative effective mass squared in the linear dilaton background, the decaying string coupling ensures that their condensation does not cause large backreaction. Similarly, the copious particles produced in transitions between highly supercritical theories do not back-react significantly on the solution. We discuss these features also in a somewhat more general class of time-dependent backgrounds with stable late-time asymptotics. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Aharony, O (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 046003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.046003 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200091 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Hart, AJ Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Bard, DJ Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G 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Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D 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Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Mommsen, R. K. Roethel, W. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Wang, K. Zhang, L. Hadavand, H. K. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Nesom, G. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Spradlin, P. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Albert, J. Chen, E. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Ryd, A. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Ruddick, W. O. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. 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CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for the reactions e(+)e(-) -> mu(+)tau(-) and e(+)e(-)-> e(+)tau(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION; HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICS; Z-DECAYS; DETECTOR; COLLISIONS AB We report on a search for the lepton- flavor- violating processes e(+) e(-) -> mu(+) tau(-) and e(+) e(-) -> e(+) tau(-). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 211 fb(-1) recorded by the BABAR experiment at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 10.58 GeV. We find no evidence for a signal and set the 90% confidence level upper limits on the cross sections to be sigma (mu tau) < 3.8 fb and sigma(e tau) < 9.2 fb. The ratio of the cross sections with respect to the dimuon cross section are measured to be sigma (mu tau)/sigma (mu mu) < 3.4 X 10(-6) and sigma (e tau)/sigma (mu mu) < 8.2 X 10(-6). C1 Lab Phys Particles, IN2P3 CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 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Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Phys Particles, IN2P3 CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Grenier, P. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Capra, R. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Brandenburg, G. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Bhimji, W. Bowerman, D. A. Dauncey, P. D. Egede, U. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Vazquez, W. Panduro Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hocker, A. Le Diberder, F. Lepeltier, V. Lutz, A. M. Oyanguren, A. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Cheng, C. H. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. George, K. A. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Ricciardi, S. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. Naisbit, M. T. Williams, J. C. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Allmendinger, T. Benelli, G. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Rahimi, A. M. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Lu, M. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Benayoun, M. Chauveau, J. Briand, H. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. John, M. J. J. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Roos, L. Therin, G. Gladney, L. Panetta, J. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Bucci, F. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Judd, D. Wagoner, D. E. Biesiada, J. Danielson, N. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Tehrani, F. Safai Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. De Groot, N. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. Zito, M. Chen, X. R. Liu, H. Park, W. Purohit, M. V. Wilson, J. R. Allen, M. T. Aston, D. Bartoldus, R. Bechtle, P. Berger, N. Claus, R. Coleman, J. P. Convery, M. R. Cristinziani, M. Dingfelder, J. C. Dorfan, J. Dubois-Felsmann, G. P. Dujmic, D. Dunwoodie, W. Field, R. C. Glanzman, T. Gowdy, S. J. Graham, M. T. Halyo, V. Hast, C. Hryn'ova, T. Innes, W. R. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, P. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ozcan, V. E. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Bakel, N. van Weaver, M. Weinstein, A. J. R. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Roat, C. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Branching fraction measurement of (B)over-bar(0)-> D(*)+pi(-) and B--> D-(*)0 pi(-) and isospin analysis of (B)over-bar -> D-(*)pi decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-MESONS AB Using 65 X 10(6) Y (4S) -> BB events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+) e(-) storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we measure the color-favored branching fractions B(B-0 -> D+ pi(-)) = (2.55 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.16) X 10(-3), B(B-0 -> D*(+) pi(-)) = (2.79 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.17) X 10(-3), B(B- -> D-0 pi(-)) = (4.90 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.22) X 10(-3) and B(B- -> D*(0)pi(-)) = (5.52 +/- 0.17 +/- 0.42) X 10(-3), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. With these results and the current world average for the branching fraction for the color-suppressed decay B-0 -> D-(*()0)pi(0), the cosines of the strong phase difference delta between the I =1/2 and I = 3/2 isospin amplitudes are determined to be cos delta = 0.872(-0.007 - 0.029)(+0.008+0.031) for the B -> D pi process and cos delta = 0.924(-0.017 - 0.054)(+ 0.019 + 0.063) for the B -> D*pi process. Under the isospin symmetry, the results for cos delta suggest the presence of final-state interactions in the D pi system. C1 Lab Phys & Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Sapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Phys & Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Egede, Ulrik/0000-0001-5493-0762; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.031101 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800001 ER PT J AU Aubin, C Laiho, J Van de Water, RS AF Aubin, C. Laiho, Jack Van de Water, Ruth S. TI Kaon B-parameter in mixed action chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORIES; LATTICE QCD; FERMIONS; SYMMETRY; PHYSICS AB We calculate the kaon B-parameter, B-K, in chiral perturbation theory for a partially quenched, mixed-action theory with Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks and staggered sea quarks. We find that the resulting expression is similar to that in the continuum, and in fact has only two additional unknown parameters. At 1-loop order, taste-symmetry violations in the staggered sea sector only contribute to flavor-disconnected diagrams by generating an O(a(2)) shift to the masses of taste-singlet sea-sea mesons. Lattice discretization errors also give rise to an analytic term which shifts the tree-level value of B-K by an amount of O(a(2)). This term, however, is not strictly due to taste breaking, and is therefore also present in the expression for B-K for pure Ginsparg-Wilson lattice fermions. We also present a numerical study of the mixed B-K expression in order to demonstrate that both discretization errors and finite volume effects are small and under control on the MILC improved staggered lattices. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Aubin, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM caubin@phys.columbia.edu; jlaiho@fnal.gov; ruthv@fnal.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 034502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.034502 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800041 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Nomura, Y Rychkov, VS AF Barbieri, Riccardo Hall, Lawrence J. Nomura, Yasunori Rychkov, Vyacheslav S. TI Supersymmetry without a light Higgs boson SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MASS; MODEL; RENORMALIZATION; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; LEP AB Motivated by the absence, so far, of any direct signal of conventional low-energy supersymmetry, we explore the consequences of making the lightest Higgs boson in supersymmetry relatively heavy, up to about 300 GeV, in the most straightforward way, i.e. via the introduction of a chiral singlet S with a superpotential interaction with the Higgs doublets, lambda SH1H2. The coupling lambda dominates over all the other couplings and, to maintain the successful perturbative analysis of the electroweak precision tests, is only restricted to remain perturbative up to about 10 TeV. The general features of this "lambda SUSY" framework, which deviates significantly from the minimal supersymmetric standard model or the standard next to minimal supersymmetric standard model, are analyzed in different areas: electroweak precision tests, dark matter, naturalness bounds on superparticle masses, and LHC signals. There is a rich Higgs/Higgsino sector in the (200-700) GeV mass region, which may include LSP Higgsino dark matter. All other superpartners, apart from the top squarks, may naturally be heavier than 1-2 TeV. C1 Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barbieri, R (reprint author), Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 34 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 035007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.035007 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800053 ER PT J AU Chang, S Hall, L Weiner, N AF Chang, Spencer Hall, Lawrence Weiner, Neal TI Supersymmetric twin higgs mechanism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIERARCHY; BOUNDS AB We present a supersymmetric realization of the twin Higgs mechanism, which cancels off all contributions to the Higgs mass generated above a scale f. Radiative corrections induced by the top-quark sector lead to a breaking of the twin sector electroweak symmetry at a scale f similar to TeV. In our sector, below the scale f, these radiative corrections from the top quark are present but greatly weakened, naturally allowing a Z boson mass an order of magnitude below f, even with a top squark mass of order 1 TeV and a messenger scale near the Planck mass. A sufficient quartic interaction for our Higgs boson arises from the usual gauge contribution together with a radiative contribution from a heavy top squark. The mechanism requires the presence of an SU(2)-adjoint superfield, and can be simply unified. Naturalness in these theories is usually associated with light winos and sleptons, and is largely independent of the scale of the colored particles. The assumption of unification naturally predicts the existence of many exotic fields. The theory often has particles which may be stable on collider time scales, including an additional color octet superfield. In the limit that m(SUSY)> f, the mechanism yields a UV completion of the nonsupersymmetric twin Higgs, with the notable improvement of a tree-level quartic for the standard model Higgs. In this framework, a successful UV completion requires the existence of new charged fields well below the scale f. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Part Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, S (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Part Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM sc123@cosmo.nyu.edu; LJHall@lbl.gov; nw32@nyu.edu NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 035009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.035009 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800055 ER PT J AU Cheng, M Christ, NH Clark, MA van der Heide, J Jung, C Karsch, F Kaczmarek, O Laermann, E Mawhinney, RD Miao, C Petreczky, P Petrov, K Schmidt, C Soeldner, W Umeda, T AF Cheng, M. Christ, N. H. Clark, M. A. van der Heide, J. Jung, C. Karsch, F. Kaczmarek, O. Laermann, E. Mawhinney, R. D. Miao, C. Petreczky, P. Petrov, K. Schmidt, C. Soeldner, W. Umeda, T. TI Study of the finite temperature transition in 3-flavor QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL CRITICAL-POINT; LATTICE QCD; QUARK MASS; DEPENDENCE AB We study the finite temperature transition in QCD with three flavors of equal masses using the R and RHMC algorithms on lattices with temporal extent N-tau=4 and 6. For the transition temperature in the continuum limit we find r(0)T(c)=0.429(8) for the light pseudoscalar mass corresponding to the endpoint of the 1st order transition region. When comparing the results obtained with the R and RHMC algorithms for p4fat3 action we see no significant step-size errors down to a lightest pseudoscalar mass of m(ps)r(0)=0.4. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Cheng, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Kaczmarek, Olaf/E-9932-2011 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 034506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.034506 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800045 ER PT J AU Conley, J Wizansky, T AF Conley, John Wizansky, Tommer TI Microscopic primordial black holes and extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EARLY UNIVERSE; GAMMA-RAYS; MILLIMETER; COSMOLOGY AB We examine the production and evolution of microscopic black holes in the early universe in the large extra dimensions scenario. We demonstrate that, unlike in the standard four-dimensional cosmology, in large extra dimensions absorption of matter from the primordial plasma by the black holes is significant and can lead to rapid growth of the black hole mass density. This effect can be used to constrain the conditions present in the very early universe. We demonstrate that this constraint is applicable in regions of parameter space not excluded by existing bounds. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Conley, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 AR 044006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.044006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VQ UT WOS:000244535200044 ER PT J AU Fukushima, K Hidaka, Y AF Fukushima, Kenji Hidaka, Yoshimasa TI Model study of the sign problem in the mean-field approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; TEMPERATURE CONFINEMENT TRANSITIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY RESTORATION; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; QCD PHASE-DIAGRAM; POLYAKOV LOOP; MONTE-CARLO; DECONFINING PHASE; QUARK LIBERATION; ORDER PARAMETER AB We consider the sign problem of the fermion determinant at finite density. It is unavoidable not only in Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice but in the mean-field approximation as well. A simple model deriving from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in the double limit of large quark mass and large quark chemical potential exemplifies how the sign problem arises in the Polyakov loop dynamics at finite temperature and density. In the color SU(2) case our mean-field estimate is in excellent agreement with the lattice simulation. We combine the mean-field approximation with a simple phase reweighting technique to circumvent the complex action encountered in the color SU(3) case. We also investigate the mean-field free energy, from the saddle point of which we can estimate the expectation value of the Polyakov loop. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fukushima, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 102 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 036002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.036002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800059 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Zaharijas, G AF Hooper, Dan Zaharijas, Gabrijela TI Distinguishing supersymmetry from universal extra dimensions or little Higgs models with dark matter experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID NUCLEON CROSS-SECTION; GALACTIC-CENTER; GAMMA-RAYS; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; INDIRECT SEARCH; COSMIC-RAYS; PROPAGATION; PARTICLE; HALO AB There are compelling reasons to think that new physics will appear at or below the TeV scale. It is not known what form this new physics will take, however. Although The Large Hadron collider is very likely to discover new particles associated with the TeV scale, it may be difficult for it to determine the nature of those particles, whether superpartners, Kaluza-Klein modes or other states. In this article, we consider how direct and indirect dark matter detection experiments may provide information complementary to hadron colliders, which can be used to discriminate between supersymmetry, models with universal extra dimensions, and Little Higgs theories. We find that, in many scenarios, dark matter experiments can be effectively used to distinguish between these possibilities. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791 NR 120 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 035010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.035010 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 140VM UT WOS:000244534800056 ER EF