FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU van Wijk, JW Blackman, DK AF van Wijk, J. W. Blackman, D. K. TI Development of en echelon magmatic segments along oblique spreading ridges SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reykjanes Ridge; seafloor spreading; oblique extension; plate boundaries; segmentation; mid-ocean ridges; numerical models ID NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; MOHNS RIDGE; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SLOW; LITHOSPHERE; 72-DEGREES-N; DEFORMATION; EXTENSION; ACCRETION AB En echelon magmatic segments commonly develop along obliquely spreading oceanic ridges. To clarify some of the dynamic aspects of this plate boundary, we performed a series of thermo-mechanical numerical tests. When extension of oceanic lithosphere becomes oblique, deformation within the axial region localizes into distinct upwelling centers. Temperatures are elevated in the upwelling cells, which are shallow mantle features that form the new plate boundary. The predicted features are similar to the axial volcanic ridges documented at Mohns and Reykjanes Ridges, and we conclude that they become the new loci of extensional deformation, upwelling, and magmatic activity. These ridges, suborthogonal to the plate spreading direction, only develop when the axis rift zone is weak. The subsegment length and spacing depend primarily on obliquity and axial width. Predicted crustal thickness along the subsegmented axis varies discernibly; this might explain the morphology and satellite gravity of the flanks of oblique spreading ridges. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP van Wijk, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jolante@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1130/G23294A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 188CI UT WOS:000247895900006 ER PT J AU Pasyanos, ME Tkalcic, H Gok, R Al-Enezi, A Rodgers, AJ AF Pasyanos, Michael E. Tkalcic, Hrvoje Goek, Rengin Al-Enezi, Abdullah Rodgers, Arthur J. TI Seismic structure of Kuwait SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Arabian platform; event relocation; Kuwait; receiver functions; surface wave dispersion; velocity models ID TELESEISMIC RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; SURFACE-WAVE DISPERSION; NORTH-AFRICA; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; SURROUNDING REGIONS; GROUP VELOCITIES; JOINT INVERSION; ARABIAN SHIELD; PLATE MOTIONS; CONSTRAINTS AB We have used data from the Kuwait National Seismic Network (KNSN) to estimate the seismic structure of Kuwait using a limited amount of seismic data. First, we made surface wave dispersion measurements and calculated receiver functions from the relatively small amount of data available from the broad-band station, KBD. Models were derived from the joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and Rayleigh and Love fundamental mode surface wave group velocity dispersion. While both surface waves and receiver functions by themselves can be used to estimate lithospheric structure, we have successfully combined the two to reduce non-uniqueness in estimates based on the individual data sets. The resulting KUW1 model features a thick (8 km) sedimentary cover and crustal thickness of 45 km. Crustal velocities below the sedimentary cover are consistent with global averages for stable platforms. We infer upper-mantle velocities (7.84 km s(-1) P-wave velocity; 4.40 km s(-1) S-wave velocity) that are slightly lower than expected for a stable platform. In comparison with other crustal structure estimates for the Arabian platform to the west, the crust is thicker and the mantle is slower in Kuwait. This is consistent with the overall tectonic trends of the region that find increasing crustal thickness between the divergent plate boundary at the Red Sea and the convergent plate boundary at the Zagros Mts, as well as slow mantle velocities beneath this nearby orogenic zone. The resulting model fits the traveltimes of regional phases (Pn, Pg, Sn and Lg). Independent inversion of local earthquake traveltimes recorded by KNSN (allowing for event hypocentre relocation) results in a remarkably similar velocity structure, providing confidence that the joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave group velocities can impose accurate constraints on crustal structure for local event location and network operations. Relocation of events in Kuwait improves the clustering of events and results in shallower hypocentres. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Safat 13109, Kuwait. RP Pasyanos, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pasyanos1@llnl.gov RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Tkalcic, Hrvoje/E-8465-2013; Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 OI Tkalcic, Hrvoje/0000-0001-7072-490X; NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 170 IS 1 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03398.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 183XT UT WOS:000247606400022 ER PT J AU Ajo-Franklin, JB Minsley, BJ Daley, TM AF Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B. Minsley, Burke J. Daley, Thomas M. TI Applying compactness constraints to differential traveltime tomography SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; CARBONATE RESERVOIR; INVERSE PROBLEMS; 2-PHASE FLOW; L-CURVE; GRAVITY; MODEL; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; REGULARIZATION AB Tomographic imaging problems are typically ill-posed and often require the use of regularization techniques to guarantee a stable solution. Minimization of a weighted norm of model length is one commonly used secondary constraint. Tikhonov methods exploit low-order differential operators to select for solutions that are small, flat, or smooth in one or more dimensions. This class of regularizing functionals may not always be appropriate, particularly in cases where the anomaly being imaged is generated by a nonsmooth spatial process. Time-lapse imaging of flow-induced velocity anomalies is one such case; flow features are often characterized by spatial compactness or connectivity. By performing inversions on differenced arrival time data, the properties of the time-lapse feature can be directly constrained. We develop a differential traveltime tomography algorithm which selects for compact solutions, i.e., models with a minimum area of support, through application of model-space iteratively reweighted least squares. Our technique is on adaptation of minimum support regularization methods previously explored within the potential theory community. We compare our inversion algorithm to the results obtained by traditional Tikhonov regularization for two simple synthetic models: one including several sharp localized anomalies and a second with smoother features. We use a more complicated synthetic test case based on multiphase flow results to illustrate the efficacy of compactness constraints for contaminant infiltration imaging. We apply the algorithm to a CO2-sequestration-monitoring data set acquired at the Frio pilot site. We observe that in cases where the assumption of a localized anomaly is correct, the addition of compactness constraints improves image quality by reducing tomographic artifacts and spatial smearing of target features. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ajo-Franklin, JB (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jfrank@erl.mit.edu; minsley@mit.edu; tmdaley@lbl.gov RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/G-7169-2015; OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/0000-0002-6666-4702; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP R67 EP R75 DI 10.1190/1.2742496 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 194SV UT WOS:000248365000028 ER PT J AU Istok, JD Park, MM Peacock, AD Oostrom, M Wietsma, TW AF Istok, J. D. Park, M. M. Peacock, A. D. Oostrom, M. Wietsma, T. W. TI An experimental investigation of nitrogen gas produced during denitrification SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID TECHNETIUM; TRANSPORT; URANIUM AB In situ denitrification relies on indigenous microorganisms to reduce nitrate to N-2 gas. However, when initial nitrate concentrations are large, produced gas volumes also can be very large, potentially resulting in reduced water saturation and hydraulic conductivity in the treatment zone. In this study, we investigated the fate of N-2 and other gases produced during denitrification in a laboratory flow cell containing packed sediment. Denitrifying activity was stimulated by additions of nitrate and ethanol. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring nitrate, nitrite, and ethanol concentrations; gas saturations were measured during the experiment using a gamma imaging system. Biomass was measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis of sediment samples. Bioenergetic calculations calibrated to measured nitrate consumed and biomass produced predicted that 1.2 L N-2 gas/L water should have been produced following the addition of 100 mM nitrate. However, the maximum measured gas saturation was only 23%, indicating substantial gas loss from the sediment pack. Temporal gamma images and visual observations confirm that small gas bubbles formed in the sediment pack coalesced into larger bubbles and migrated upward through gas-filled channels to the sediment pack surface. Although gas saturations increased, there was no significant change in sediment pack hydraulic conductivity. These results suggest that in permeable reactive barriers used for in situ denitrification, gas production will not necessarily lead to unlimited gas accumulation in the pore space and that the effects of gas production on water saturation and hydraulic conductivity may be relatively minor. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Istok, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jack.istok@oregonstate.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00319.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 189IG UT WOS:000247982000010 PM 17600576 ER PT J AU Nichols, WE Wurstner, SK Eslinger, PW AF Nichols, William E. Wurstner, Signe K. Eslinger, Paul W. TI Vadose zone-attenuated artificial recharge for input to a ground water model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SITE AB Accurate representation of artificial recharge is requisite to calibration of a ground water model of an unconfined aquifer for a semiarid or and site with a vadose zone that imparts significant attenuation of liquid transmission and substantial anthropogenic liquid discharges. Under such circumstances, artificial recharge occurs in response to liquid disposal to the vadose zone in areas that are small relative to the ground water model domain. Natural recharge, in contrast, is spatially variable and occurs over the entire upper boundary of a typical unconfined ground water model. An improved technique for partitioning artificial recharge from simulated total recharge for inclusion in a ground water model is presented. The improved technique is applied using data from the semiarid Hanford Site. From 1944 until the late 1980s, when Hanford's mission was the production of nuclear materials, the quantities of liquid discharged from production facilities to the ground vastly exceeded natural recharge. Nearly all hydraulic head data available for use in calibrating a ground water model at this site were collected during this period or later, when the aquifer was under the diminishing influence of the massive water disposals. The vadose zone is typically 80 to 90 in thick at the Central Plateau where most production facilities were located at this semiarid site, and its attenuation of liquid transmission to the aquifer can be significant. The new technique is shown to improve the representation of artificial recharge and thereby contribute to improvement in the calibration of a site-wide ground water model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resource Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hlth Effects & Risk Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nichols, WE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resource Div, POB 999 MSIN K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM will.nichols@pnl.gov; signe.wurstner@pnl.gov; paul.w.eslinger@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 4 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00317.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 189IG UT WOS:000247982000014 PM 17600580 ER PT J AU Harper, FT Musolino, SV Wente, WB AF Harper, Frederick T., V Musolino, Stephen V. Wente, Williams B. TI Realistic radiological dispersal device hazard boundaries and ramifications for early consequence management decisions SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; emergencies; radiological; exposure; radiation; radiation protection ID INDOOR; PENETRATION; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; MODEL AB If dispersal occurs from an explosive radiological dispersal device, first responders need to know what actions they need to take to protect life and property. Many of the decisions required to minimize exposure will be made during the first hour. To help the first responder decide what countermeasures to employ, Sandia National Laboratories has established realistic hazard boundaries for acute and subacute effects relevant to radiological dispersal devices. These boundaries were derived from dispersal calculations based on the aerosolization behavior of devices tested in the Sandia Aerosolization Program. For 20 years, the Sandia Aerosolization Program has performed explosive and non-explosive aerosolization tests relevant to radiological dispersal devices. This paper discusses (1) the method and technical bases used to establish hazard boundaries and the appropriate actions that apply within those areas and (2) whether large-scale evacuations or sheltering in place are appropriate responses to a radiological dispersal device event. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, High Consequence Asessment & Technol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferation & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harper, FT (reprint author), PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ftharpe@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000264935.29396.6f PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 179DQ UT WOS:000247270100001 PM 17563488 ER PT J AU Whicker, JJ Pinder, JE Ibrahim, SA Stone, JM Breshears, DD Baker, KN AF Whicker, Jeffrey J. Pinder, John E., III Ibrahim, Shawki A. Stone, James M. Breshears, David D. Baker, Kristine N. TI Uranium partition coefficients (K-d) in forest surface soil reveal long equilibrium times and vary by site and soil size fraction SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE uranium; depleted uranium; dose assessment; risk analysis ID WIND EROSION; SEMIARID SHRUBLAND; REMEDIATION AB The environmental mobility of newly deposited radionuclides in surface soil is driven by complex biogeochemical relationships, which have significant impacts on transport pathways. The partition coefficient (Kd) is useful for characterizing the soil-solution exchange kinetics and is an important factor for predicting relative amounts of a radionuclide transported to groundwater compared to that remaining on soil surfaces and thus available for transport through erosion processes. Measurements of K-d for U-238 are particularly useful because of the extensive Use Of 238U in military applications and associated testing, such as done at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Site-specific measurements of K-d for 238U are needed because K-d is highly dependent on local soil conditions and also on the fine soil fraction because 238U concentrates onto smaller soil particles, such as clays and soil organic material, which are most susceptible to wind erosion and contribute to inhalation exposure in off-site populations. We measured Kd for uranium in soils from two neighboring semiarid forest sites at LANL using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-based protocol for both whole soil and the fine soil fraction (diameters <45 mu m). The 7-d K-d values, which are those specified in the EPA protocol, ranged from 276-508 mL g(-1) for whole soil and from 615-2249 mL g(-1) for the fine soil fraction. Unexpectedly, the 30-d Kd values, measured to test for soil-solution exchange equilibrium, were more than two times the 7-d values. Rates of adsorption of U-238 to soil from solution were derived using a 2-component (FAST and SLOW) exponential model. We found significant differences in Kd values among LANL sampling sites, between whole and fine soils, and between 7-d and 30-d K-d measurements. The significant variation in soil-solution exchange kinetics among the soils and soil sizes promotes the use of site-specific data for estimates of environmental transport rates and suggests possible differences in desorption rates from soil to solution (e.g., into groundwater or lung fluid). We also explore potential relationships between wind erosion, soil characteristics, and Kd values. Combined, our results highlight the need for a better mechanistic understanding of soil-solution partitioning kinetics for accurate risk assessment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiat Protect Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76109 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Planet Earth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Whicker, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiat Protect Div, Mail Stop G761, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jjwhicker@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 93 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000258924.55225.cd PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 179DQ UT WOS:000247270100004 PM 17563491 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Ribeiro, Ruy M. Perelson, Alan S. TI Triphasic decline of hepatitis C virus RNA during antiviral therapy SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; VIRAL KINETICS; PEGYLATED INTERFERON; LIVER-REGENERATION; INITIAL TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ALPHA THERAPY; INFECTION; DYNAMICS; COMBINATION AB When patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are placed on antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN)-alpha or IFN-alpha plus ribavirin (RBV), HCV RNA generally declines in a biphasic manner. However, a triphasic decline has been reported in a subset of patients. A triphasic decline consists of a first phase (1-2 days) with rapid virus load decline, followed by a "shoulder phase" (4-28 days) in which virus load decays slowly or remains constant, and a third phase of renewed viral decay. We show that by including the proliferation of both uninfected and infected cells, a viral kinetic model can account for a triphasic HCV RNA decay. The model predicts that a triphasic decline occurs only in patients in which a majority of hepatocytes are infected before therapy. The shoulder phase does not represent the intrinsic death rate of infected cells, but rather the third phase slope is close to the intrinsic death rate of infected cells when overall drug efficacy is close to 1. Conclusion: Triphasic responses can be predicted. from a generalization of existent viral kinetic models through the inclusion of homeostatic proliferation of hepatocytes. This generalized model can also explain the viral kinetics seen in flat partial responders. Finally, the enhanced third phase in patients treated with IFN-alpha in combination with RBV versus patients treated with IFN-alpha alone can be explained by a mutagenic effect of RBV against HCV. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret & Biophys Grp, MS-K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20-RR18754, RR06555] NR 24 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1002/hep.21657 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 184JJ UT WOS:000247637000005 PM 17596864 ER PT J AU Lok, AS Zoulim, F Locarnini, S Bartholomeusz, A Ghany, MG Pawlotsky, JM Liaw, YF Mizokami, M Kuiken, C AF Lok, Anna S. Zoulim, Fabien Locarnini, Stephen Bartholomeusz, Angeline Ghany, Marc G. Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel Liaw, Yun-Fan Mizokami, Masashi Kuiken, Carla CA Hepatitis B Drug Resistance Work TI Antiviral drug-resistant HBV: Standardization of nomenclature and assays and recommendations for management SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS; PROLONGED LAMIVUDINE THERAPY; LINE PROBE ASSAY; IN-VITRO; ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL; CROSS-RESISTANCE; ENTECAVIR RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE MUTATIONS; YMDD-MOTIF; WILD-TYPE AB Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in the past decade. Approved treatments for chronic hepatitis B include 2 formulations of interferon and 4 nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). Sustained viral suppression is rarely achieved after withdrawal of a 48-week course of NA therapy, necessitating long, and in many cases, indefinite treatment with increasing risk of development of drug resistance. Antiviral resistance and poor adherence are the most important factors in treatment failure of hepatitis B. Thus, there is a need to standardize nomenclature relating to hepatitis B antiviral resistance, and to define genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical resistance to NA therapy. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. INSERM, U271, F-69008 Lyon, France. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. Hospices Civils Lyon, Lyon, France. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NIH, NIDDK, Liver Dis Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Paris 12, Hop Henri Mondor, French Natl Reference Ctr Viral Hepatitis B,C & D, Dept Virol, F-94010 Creteil, France. Univ Paris 12, Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U841, F-94010 Creteil, France. Chang Gung Univ, Mem Hosp, Liver Res Unit, Taipei, Taiwan. Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Clin Mol Informat Med, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lok, AS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, 3912 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM aslok@umich.edu RI Liaw, Yun-Fan /B-4305-2009; Lok, Anna /B-8292-2009; OI Yang, Shuman/0000-0002-9638-0890 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI060449]; NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK57577] NR 81 TC 274 Z9 340 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0270-9139 EI 1527-3350 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1002/hep.21698 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 184JJ UT WOS:000247637000031 PM 17596850 ER PT J AU Leitner, D Todd, DS Galloway, ML Lyneis, CM AF Leitner, D. Todd, D. S. Galloway, M. L. Lyneis, C. M. TI Recent 28GHz results with VENUS SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE VENUS ECR ion source; superconducting ECR; uranium beams ID CHARGED ION-BEAMS AB The next generation, superconducting ECR ion source VENUS (Versatile ECR ion source for NUclear Science) has operated with 28GHz since 2004, and has produced world record ion beam intensities. The VENUS project is focused on two main objectives. First, for the 88-Inch Cyclotron, VENUS will serve as the third injector source boosting both the energy and intensity of beams available from the facility. Secondly, VENUS also serves as the prototype injector source for a high intensity heavy ion beam driver linac for a next generation radioactive ion beam facility, where the goal is to produce intense beams of medium to low charge states ions such as 240e mu A of Xe20+ or 250e mu A of U28+to34+. These high intensity ion beam requirements present a challenge for the beam transport system since the total currents extracted from the ECR ion source reach several mA. Therefore in parallel to ion beam developments, we are also enhancing our ion beam diagnostics devices and are conducting an extensive ion beam simulation effort to improve the understanding of the ion beam transport from the VENUS ECR ion source. The paper will give an overview of recent experiments with the VENUS ECR ion source. Since the last ECR ion source workshop in Berkeley in 2004, we have installed a new plasma chamber, which includes X-ray shielding. This enables us to operate the source reliably at high power 28GHz operation. With this new chamber several high intensity beams (such as 2.4mA of O6+, 600e mu A of O7+, 1mA of Ar9+, etc.) have-been produced. In addition, we have started the development of high intensity uranium beams. For example, 200e mu A of U33+ and U34+ have been produced so far. In respect to high charge state ions, 1e mu A of Ar18+, 133e mu A of Ar16+, and 4.9e mu A of U47+ have been measured. In addition, ion beam profile measurements are presented with, and without the sextupole magnetic field energized. These experimental results are being compared with simulations using the WARP code. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leitner, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dleitner@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200002 ER PT J AU Galloway, M Leitner, D Lyneis, CM Cornelius, W AF Galloway, M. Leitner, D. Lyneis, C. M. Cornelius, W. TI Recent beam developments with the LBNL 14GHz AECR-U ion source SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; high charge state; metallic ions; broadband microwave AB A radial sputter probe has been developed for the AECR-U as an additional method of producing metal ion beams. Negative voltage is applied to the probe to incite collisions with target atoms, thereby sputtering material into the plasma. The sputter probe is positioned through one of the 6 radial access slots between the permanent hexapole structure of the AECR-U. The probe position can be varied with respect to the inner edge of the hexapole magnet structure. Charge state distributions and peak beam intensities at bias voltages up to -5kV were obtained for gold samples at varying distances of the probe with respect to the plasma. For high charge states production the radial position with respect to the plasma was more sensitive than for the medium and lower charge states. For high charge state ion production the probe was optimized at a distance of 0.6cm inside the chamber wall (4.1cm from the center of the chamber). Stable beams with peak intensities of up to 28e mu A of AU(24+) and 1.42e mu A of Au41+ have been produced using the sputter probe technique. In addition, a solid state circuit under development by Scientific Solutions, Inc which provides a bandwidth up to 100MHz was used to drive the 14GHz klystron amplifier for the LBNL AECR-U ion source. Various broadband and discrete heating modes were tested and the results for high charge state ion production were compared with single frequency heating. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Sci Solut Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Galloway, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM MLGalloway@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200018 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Kawai, Y Alton, GD AF Liu, Y. Kawai, Y. Alton, G. D. TI Recent results with the 6GHz flat-b ECR ion source at ORNL-HRIBF SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; flat-B configuration; multi-charged ions; broadband microwave; emittance ID PERFORMANCES; VOLUME; FREQUENCY; DESIGN AB Experimental studies were conducted to characterize and improve the performance of the flat-B ECR ion source. The emittance of the source was investigated for the first time. The output beam currents of high-charge-states of Ar (q > 8) were nearly doubled by increasing the plasma electrode aperture from 4mm. to 6mm in diameter. To investigate possible enhancements with broadband microwave radiation, a "white" Gaussian noise generator was employed with a TWT amplifier to generate microwave radiation with a bandwidth of similar to 200MHz. The performance of the flat-B ECR ion source was found to be much better with narrow bandwidth radiation when the source was operated in the flat-B region. However, the ion beam intensities and charge state distributions were improved with the broadband radiation when the source was tuned off the flat-B region. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AccSys Technol, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuy@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200019 ER PT J AU Vondrasek, R Scott, R Pardo, R AF Vondrasek, R. Scott, R. Pardo, R. TI Solid material development with the Argonne National Laboratory ECR ion sources SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; sputter; induction oven AB Development work with solid materials at the Argonne National Laboratory ECR ion sources has been focused on two areas - introduction of materials with low vapour pressures, and increasing the beam intensities of heavy beams (i.e. - lead and uranium). An-induction oven, with a demonstrated operating temperature extending to 2000 degrees C, has been utilized to produce a Ti-50 beam with an intensity of 5.5e mu A (12+). In addition, a refinement of the sputter technique has been employed which has resulted in a 42% improvement in lead beam intensities. Details of the induction oven as well as the refined sputter technique will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vondrasek, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Vondrasek@ANL.GOV NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200024 ER PT J AU Scott, RH Asseev, VN Kulevoy, TV Ostroumov, PN Poklonskaya, EA Sengupta, M Vinogradov, NE AF Scott, R. H. Asseev, V. N. Kulevoy, T. V. Ostroumov, P. N. Poklonskaya, E. A. Sengupta, M. Vinogradov, N. E. TI Status of the 2Q-LEBT facility at ANL SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; multi charge LEBT ID ION-SOURCE AB The concept for a 2 charge state injector for a "RIA type" accelerator has been presented. Progress toward an operational prototype 2Q-LEBT system at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is under way. The existing BIE 100 all permanent magnet ECR has been placed on a high voltage platform capable of a combined > 100kV with q/m separation at ground level. Remote control of the devices on the platform has been implemented. Other components of the facility are currently being tested. The components of an achromatic bending system are currently being procured. This paper will present recent work at the facility as well as preliminary development of solid materials using the BIE 100. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia. St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Scott, RH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM scott@phy.anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200027 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Kawai, Y Liu, Y Tarvainen, O Suominen, P Koivisto, H AF Alton, G. D. Kawai, Y. Liu, Y. Tarvainen, O. Suominen, P. Koivisto, H. TI Enhancing the performances of conventional B-geometry ECR ion sources with broadband microwave radiation SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; ECR volume-effect; ECR zone size; broadband ECR plasma heating AB As clearly demonstrated at several laboratories, the performances of electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources can be enhanced by increasing the physical sizes (volumes) of embedded ECR zones. Enlarged ECR zones have been achieved by engineering the central magnetic field region of these sources so they are uniformly-distributed "volumes" in resonance with single-frequency rf power. Alternatively, the number of ECR surfaces in conventional minimum-B geometry sources can be increased by heating their plasmas with multiple, discrete frequency microwave radiation. Broadband rf power offers a simple, low cost and arguably mote effective means for increasing the physical sizes of the ECR zones within the latter source type. In this article, theoretical arguments are made in support of the volume effect and the charge-state enhancing effects of broadband microwave radiation (bandwidth: 200MHz) plasma heating are demonstrated by comparing the high-charge-states of Ar ion beams, produced by powering a conventional minimum-B geometry, 6.4GHz ECR ion source, equipped with a biased disk, with those produced by conventional bandwidth (bandwidth: similar to 1.5MHz) radiation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AccSys Technol, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla JYFL, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM altongd@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 128 EP 132 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200031 ER PT J AU Stockli, P AF Stockli, P. TI Measuring and analyzing transverse low-energy ion beam emittances SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ion beams; ion beam transport; ion beam emittance; ion beam diagnostics; emittance analysis ID GHOST SIGNALS; SCANNERS AB The transverse emittance of an ion beam describes its transverse size as the particles are transported from a source to a target. It allows for predicting beam losses in limiting apertures and the beam focus size at the target. Various definitions and issues are discussed. The most common and emerging measuring techniques are presented, including their advantages. Several methods of emittance data analysis, their accuracy and trustworthiness, are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stockli, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stockli@sns.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200044 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Bilheux, H AF Alton, G. D. Bilheux, H. TI Elementary theory for optimum extraction of space-charge-dominated ion beams from plasma boundaries SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE space-charge dominated beam extraction theory; ion beam extraction simulation; optimum perveance; optimum angular divergence ID CURRENTS; DIVERGENCE; SYSTEM AB The problem of extracting space-charge-limited ion beams from spherical emission boundaries is analyzed for simple, two electrode, parallel-plate and spherical sector electrode systems by application of Langmuir-Blodgett theory with account taken for the divergent lens effect caused by the aperture in the extraction electrode. Results derived from simulation studies for the three electrode system, designed for use with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ECR ion source, complement predictions made from elementary analytical theory with or without magnetic field in the extraction region of the source. Under minimum half-angular divergence (minimum emittance) conditions, the plasma emission boundary has an optimum curvature and the perveance, P, (i.e, current density, j(+) and extraction gap, d), has an optimum value for a given charge-state. From these studies, we find that the optimum perveance for any electrode system can be determined from the Child-Langmuir relation for the parallel-plate electrode system multiplied by a factor, F with value 0.49 <= F <= 1. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM altongd@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200048 ER PT J AU Pardo, RC Vondrasek, R Kulevoy, T Aseev, V Scott, R Suominen, P AF Pardo, R. C. Vondrasek, R. Kulevoy, T. Aseev, V. Scott, R. Suominen, P. TI An ECR charge breeder for the Cf-252 fission source project (CARIBU) at ATLAS SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE ECR ion source; charge breeder; fission fragments; radioactive ion beams AB A new radioactive beam facility for ATLAS, the Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU), is under construction. The facility will use fission fragments from a 1 Ci(252)Cf source; thermalized and collected into a low-energy beam by a helium gas catcher. In order to reaccelerate these beams, the existing ATLAS ECR-I ion source is being redesigned to function as a charge breeder source. The design and features of this charge breeder configuration is discussed and the project status described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Pardo, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pardo@phy.anl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200052 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW Gough, R Keller, R Ludewigt, BA Regis, M Wells, RP Vainionpaa, JH AF Kwan, J. W. Gough, R. Keller, R. Ludewigt, B. A. Regis, M. Wells, R. P. Vainionpaa, J. H. TI A 2.45GHz high current ion source for neutron production SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP DE microwave-driven; ECR ion source; proton; deuterium; beam ID MICROWAVE PROTON SOURCE AB A 2.45GHz microwave-driven ion source is being used to provide 40mA of deuterium ion beam (peak current) for an RFQ accelerator as part of a neutron source system. We have also designed a 60kV electrostatic LEBT using computer simulations. In our experiment, we measured the hydrogen and deuterium ion beam currents as functions of discharge power, gas flow, and magnetic field strength. The required beam current was obtained using less than 700W of net microwave power with a gas flow of less than 1.5sccm. From the rise time data, it was determined that in order to obtain a high percentage of atomic ions in the beam, the beam extraction should start after 1ms of switching on the microwave power. At steady state, the proton fraction was above 90%. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200056 ER PT J AU Lyneis, C Leitner, D AF Lyneis, C. Leitner, D. TI Concepts for a fourth generation ECR ion source SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources and Their Applications CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL IMP, Lanzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP PANTECHNIX, VARIAN Vaccum Prod, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Accelerator Assoc HO IMP C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lyneis, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS88R0192, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 SU 1 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 193LJ UT WOS:000248275200058 ER PT J AU Xu, P Chen, HB Zheng, SX Gao, F Gai, W Shi, JR Guan, X AF Xu Peng Chen Huai-Bi Zheng Shu-Xin Gao Feng Gai Wei Shi Jia-Ru Guan Xin TI Simulation and fabrication research on X-band photonic band gap accelerating structure SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article DE PBG accelerating structure; numerical simulation; coupler design; electroforming AB Numerical simulation of X-band metallic photonic. band gap (PBG) accelerating structure based on a 3D electro-magnetic program is presented. The design of 11.42GHz traveling-wave accelerator has been successfully completed, including the RF-coupler design. At last, the electroforming technique is investigated here, with mechanical tolerances given by simulation. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM xup@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn RI ZHENG, SHUXIN/I-3539-2016 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 7 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 183LV UT WOS:000247575200016 ER PT J AU Mihara, M Matsuta, K Nishimura, D Nagatomo, T Matsumiya, R Momota, S Ohtsubo, T Izumikawa, T Zhou, DM Zheng, YN Ogura, M Akai, H Komurasaki, J Fukuda, M Ishikawa, D Nojiri, Y Hirano, H Takahashi, S Watanabe, R Kubo, T Zhu, SY Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Sato, S Torikoshi, M Sumikama, T Minamisono, T Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Mihara, M. Matsuta, K. Nishimura, D. Nagatomo, T. Matsumiya, R. Momota, S. Ohtsubo, T. Izumikawa, T. Zhou, D. M. Zheng, Y. N. Ogura, M. Akai, H. Komurasaki, J. Fukuda, M. Ishikawa, D. Nojiri, Y. Hirano, H. Takahashi, S. Watanabe, R. Kubo, T. Zhu, S. Y. Kitagawa, A. Kanazawa, M. Sato, S. Torikoshi, M. Sumikama, T. Minamisono, T. Alonso, J. R. Krebs, G. F. Symons, T. J. M. TI Spin-lattice relaxation of Al-25 and P-28 in Pt SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Spin-lattice relaxation; beta-NMR; Impurity ID METALS AB The spin-lattice relaxation times T-1 for short-lived beta emitters Al-25(I = 5/2, T-1/ 2 = 7.2 s) and P-28(I = 3, T-1/2 = 270 ms) in Pt were measured by means of the beta-NMR technique. As a result, T-1[Al-25 in Pt] = (1.1(- 0.3)(+0.7)) s and T-1[P-28 in Pt] > 0.5 s were obtained at temperatures of 17 and 20 K, respectively. The Knight shifts were estimated from the Korringa relation, which were evaluated by comparing to the first principle calculations. C1 [Mihara, M.; Matsuta, K.; Nishimura, D.; Matsumiya, R.; Ogura, M.; Akai, H.; Komurasaki, J.; Fukuda, M.; Ishikawa, D.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Nagatomo, T.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Momota, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Ohtsubo, T.; Hirano, H.; Takahashi, S.; Watanabe, R.; Kubo, T.] Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Izumikawa, T.] Niigata Univ, Radioisotope Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. [Zhou, D. M.; Zheng, Y. N.; Zhu, S. Y.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Sato, S.; Torikoshi, M.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Sumikama, T.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Minamisono, T.] Fukui Univ Technol, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Alonso, J. R.; Krebs, G. F.; Symons, T. J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mihara, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM mihara@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9662-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QB UT WOS:000260280700015 ER PT J AU Fair, J Whitaker, S Pearson, B AF Fair, Jeanne Whitaker, Shayna Pearson, Brandon TI Sources of variation in haematocrit in birds SO IBIS LA English DT Review ID NESTLING AMERICAN KESTRELS; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY VALUES; REPRODUCING GREAT TITS; HEALTH STATE INDEXES; TAIL ORNAMENT SIZE; BODY CONDITION; HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES; BLUE TITS; PIED FLYCATCHERS AB The validity of the haematocrit or packed cell volume as an indicator of condition in wild birds has recently been questioned. We reviewed over 300 published papers on haematocrit values for wild birds. These studies show that changes in haematocrit could be caused by a number of different natural factors that include age, sex, geographical elevation, energy expenditure, parasitism, nutrition and genetics. Haematocrit also increased with age from hatching, due to increased erythropoiesis, so that adult birds generally have greater haematocrit values than nestlings or juveniles. Haematocrit values were either independent of elevation or increased with elevation. A meta-analysis of 36 studies showed no difference in haematocrit between the sexes. Relationships between haematocrit value and both energy expenditure and parasitic infection vary between studies. In temperate climates, haematocrit tended to be higher in winter than in summer, which may be due to dehydration or increased oxygen demand caused by thermogenesis, moult or acquisition of reproductive status. Our review indicates that the use of haematocrit as a sole indicator of condition or health could lead to incorrect conclusions if natural factors that can affect haematocrit are not taken into consideration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fair, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmfair@lanl.gov OI Pearson, Brandon/0000-0003-4807-137X NR 169 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 11 U2 66 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3 BP 535 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00680.x PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 186ZV UT WOS:000247818000010 ER PT J AU Macumber, DL Annaswamy, A Beal, DN Huyer, S AF Macumber, Daniel L. Annaswamy, Anuradha Beal, David N. Huyer, Stephen TI Noise control due to the stator wake blade interaction via tail articulation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE active control; biomimetics; blade tonal noise; laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements; particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements; tail articulation; wake deficit ID OSCILLATING FOILS; PROPULSION; NUMBER AB The biologically inspired method of tail articulation is investigated as a means of reducing tonal noise due to wake deficit blade interaction in underwater vehicles. Experiments are carried out in a water tunnel under typical operating conditions for underwater vehicles. Tail articulation is implemented using a life scale stator model with a hinged flapping tail operating both in free-stream velocities corresponding to Reynolds number in the range 75 000 < Re < 300 000 and at frequencies up to 30 Rz to investigate the range of Strouhal number 0.0 < St < 0.35. Velocity measurements of the active stator wake are carried out by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to investigate the effects of tail articulation on the stator wake. Time-averaged measurements of the stator wake by LDV show that St of the tail articulation has a dominant effect on the time mean stator drag. Instantaneous phase-averaged measurements of the stator wake by PIV show a transition in the unsteady stator wake as St is increased, from a deflected vortex sheet to a series of rolled up, discrete vortices. Measurements are made of the wake due to both sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal tail motion profiles, which show that significant wake alteration is achieved with tail articulation. A low-order model describing the creation and convection of vorticity by tail articulation is developed which describes wake phenomena observed in LDV and PIV measurements. Finally, a 3-D unsteady propeller simulation using both experimental wake velocity data by PIN and simulated wake velocity data generated with the reduced-order model are used. to predict the effect of sinusoidal tail articulation on radiated noise. Results using simulated data indicate that a significant noise alteration is achieved in all cases, and noise reduction of 5-8 dB is achieved in some cases. C1 [Macumber, Daniel L.; Annaswamy, Anuradha] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Beal, David N.; Huyer, Stephen] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Macumber, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Bldg Res Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aanna@mit.edu NR 33 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.896830 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 257QZ UT WOS:000252814900002 ER PT J AU Thomson, JD Smowton, PM Blood, P Klem, JF AF Thomson, John D. Smowton, Peter M. Blood, Peter Klem, John F. TI Optical gain and spontaneous emission in GaAsSb-InGaAs type-II "W" laser structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE nonradiative current; optical gain; segmented contact method; semiconductor laser; spontaneous emission; type-II quantum well (QW) ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M AB The modal gain, modal loss and spontaneous emission of a GaAsSb-based type-II quantum-well (QW) laser structure emitting at 1.3 mu m have been experimentally determined as a function of current injection and temperature. The system is able to provide a maximum of 900 cm(-1) of material gain from the n = 1 transition despite an electron-hole overlap of 32%, however, the gain from the n = 2 transition becomes dominant before this value can be achieved. The presence of the n = 2 transition has a detrimental effect on device performance, limiting the usable gain from the first transition and increasing the total radiative recombination current. Energy level calculations show that reducing the hole QW to 4 mn would increase the separation of the n = 1 and n = 2 transition by a further 45 meV, reducing the limiting effect of the n = 2 transition. Carrier distribution spectra show the carriers are in thermal equilibrium for the temperatures and injection currents studied. A low radiative efficiency for this structure is measured due to a very large nonradiative current. We believe a combination of different mechanisms contribute to the nonradiative current. C1 Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thomson, JD (reprint author), Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM thomsonjd@cardiff.ac.uk OI Smowton, Peter/0000-0002-9105-4842 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1109/JQE.2007.899499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 197NN UT WOS:000248562700012 ER PT J AU Gansen, EJ Rowe, MA Greene, MB Rosenberg, D Harvey, TE Su, MY Hadfield, RH Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Gansen, Eric J. Rowe, Mary A. Greene, Marion B. Rosenberg, Danna Harvey, Todd E. Su, Mark Y. Hadfield, Robert H. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. TI Operational analysis of a quantum dot optically gated field-effect transistor as a single-photon detector SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE field-effect transistor (FET); quantum dots (QDs); quantum optics; single-photon detector (SPD) ID NOISE; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRON; STORAGE; LAYER AB We report on the operation of a novel single-photon detector, where a layer of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is used as an optically addressable floating gate in a GaAs/Al0.2Ga0.8As delta-doped field-effect transistor. Photogenerated holes charge the QDs, and subsequently, change the amount of current flowing through the channel by screening the internal gate field. The photoconductive gain associated with this process makes the structure extremely sensitive to light of the appropriate wavelength. We investigate the charge storage and resulting persistent photoconductivity by performing time-resolved measurements of the channel current and of the photoluminescence emitted from the QDs under laser illumination. In addition, we characterize the response of the detector, and investigate sources of photogenerated signals by using the Poisson statistics of laser light. The device exhibits time-gated, single-shot, single-photon sensitivity at a temperature of 4 K. It also exhibits a linear response, and detects photons absorbed in its dedicated absorption layer with an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of up to (68 +/- 18)%. Given the noise of the detection system, the device is shown to operate with an IQE of (53 11) % and dark counts of 0.003 counts per shot for a particular discriminator level. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gansen, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gansen@boulder.nist.gov; mrowe@boulder.nist.gov; mgreene@boulder.nist.gov; rosenberg@lanl.gov; harvey@boulder.nist.gov; mark.su@oerlikon.com; r.h.hadfield@hw.ac.uk; nams@boulder.nist.gov; mirin@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 967 EP 977 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.902843 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 212KZ UT WOS:000249596500015 ER PT J AU Fore, S Laurence, TA Hollars, CW Huser, T AF Fore, Samantha Laurence, Ted A. Hollars, Christopher W. Huser, Thomas TI Counting constituents in molecular complexes by fluorescence photon antibunching SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Hanbury-Brown and Twiss; molecular complexes; photon antibunching; single molecule fluorescence; time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) ID SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER NANOSTRUCTURES; SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; DYE FLUORESCENCE; EMISSION; DNA; FLUCTUATIONS AB Modern single molecule fluorescence microscopy offers new, highly quantitative ways for studying the systems biology of cells while keeping the cells healthy and alive in their natural environment. In this context, a quantum optical technique, photon antibunching, has found a small niche in the continuously growing applications of single molecule techniques to characterize small molecular complexes. Here, we review some of the most recent applications of photon antibunching in biophotonics research, and we provide a guide for how to conduct photon antibunching experiments at the single molecule level by applying techniques borrowed from time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). We provide a number of new examples for applications of photon antibunching to the study of multichromophoric, molecules and small molecular complexes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, NSF CTr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Fore, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NSF CTr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM srfore@ucdavis.edu; laurence2@llnl.gov; chollars@mriresearch.org; trhuser@ucdavis.edu RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 996 EP 1005 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.903193 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 212KZ UT WOS:000249596500019 ER PT J AU Gopalsami, N Osorio, I Kulikov, S Buyko, S Martynov, A Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, Nachappa Osorio, Ivan Kulikov, Stanislav Buyko, Sergey Martynov, Andrey Raptis, Apostolos C. TI SAW microsensor brain implant for prediction and monitoring of seizures SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brain implant; epilepsy prediction; surface acoustic waves (SAWs); temperature monitoring ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; SENSORS AB An implantable surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor has been developed for early detection and monitoring of seizures based on local temperature changes in the brain's epileptogenic zones that occur prior to and during an epileptic event. Three SAW sensors were designed and fabricated: a 172 MHz filter, a 434 MHz filter, and a 434 MHz delay line. Their temperature sensitivities were tested by measuring the phase change between the input and output waveforms as a function of temperature. We achieved a phase sensitivity of 144 phase degrees per degrees C and a minimum detectable temperature of 5 mK for the 434-MHz, 10.2-mu s delay line. Based on the sensitivity tests, a prototype 434 MHz SAW sensor was fabricated to a size of 11 x 1 x 1.1 mm, which is commensurate with existing brain implantable probes. Because of possible damping of the surface waves by the surrounding tissue or fluid, a glass housing with dry air was built on the top of the SAW substrate. Test and reference sensors were used in the prototype system to minimize the effect of source instabilities and to amplify the temperature effect. The phase change between the output waveforms of the sensors was measured with phase detector electronics after they were converted to lower (10.7 MHz) frequencies by standard mixers. The complete prototype sensor was tested in a saline water bath and found to detect as low as 3 mK changes of temperature caused by the addition of hot water. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div 308, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Flint Hills Sci, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Biofil Ltd, Sci Res Biophys Lab, Sarov, Russia. Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov 607188, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div 308, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gopalsami@anl.gov; iosorio@kumc.edu; kulikov@otd13.vniief.ru; raptis@anl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7-8 BP 977 EP 982 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.895974 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194OQ UT WOS:000248354100002 ER PT J AU Manginell, RP Radhakrishnan, S Shariati, M Robinson, AL Ellison, JA Simonson, RJ AF Manginell, Ronald P. Radhakrishnan, Sekhar Shariati, Maryam Robinson, Alex L. Ellison, Jennifer A. Simonson, Robert Joseph TI Two-dimensional modeling and simulation of mass transport in microfabricated preconcentrators SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics (CFD); gas chromatography; gas sensing; microanalytical system; microfabricated preconcentrator (PC) AB The adsorption and desorption behavior of a planar microfabricated preconcentrator (PC) has been modeled and simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package CFDRC-ACE+(TM). By comparison with the results of a designed experiment, model parameters were determined. Assuming a first-order reaction for the adsorption of a light hydrocarbon chemical analyte onto the PC adsorbent and a unity-value sticking coefficient, a rate constant of 36500 s(-1) was obtained. This compares favorably with the value of 25300 s(-1) obtained by application of the Modified-Wheeler equation. The modeled rate constant depends on the concentration of adsorbent sites, estimated to be 6.94.10(-8) kmol/m(2) for the Carboxen 1000 adsorbent used. Using the integral method, desorption was found to be first order with an Arrhenius temperature dependence and an activation energy of 30.1 kJ/mol. Validation of this model is reported herein, including the use of Aris-Taylor dispersion to predict the influence of fluidics surrounding the PC. A maximum in desorption peak area with flow rate, predicted from a quadratic fit to the results of the designed experiment, was not observed in the 2-D simulation. Either approximations in the simulated model or the nonphysical nature of the quadratic fit art responsible. Despite the apparent simplicity of the model, the simulation is internally self consistent and capable of predicting performance of new device designs. To apply the method to other analytes and other adsorbent materials, only a limited number of comparisons to experiment are required to obtain the necessary rate constants. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Micr Analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US R&D Inc, ESI Grp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Manginell, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Micr Analyt Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rpmangi@sandia.gov; sra@esi-group-na.com; Maryam.Shariati@appliedbiosystetms.com; j0elli05@louisville.edu; rjsimon@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7-8 BP 1032 EP 1041 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.896572 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194OQ UT WOS:000248354100011 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, KB Rohde, SB AF Pfeifer, Kent B. Rohde, Steven B. TI Signal-to-noise and resolution enhancement in ion mobility spectrometry using correlation gating techniques: Barker codes SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Barker codes; correlation; ion mobility spectrometry (IMS); signal processing; transient chemistry ID PULSE-COMPRESSION AB Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) is a technology that is ideally suited for the detection of very low levels of analyte due to its extreme sensitivity and ability to speciate. Detection of common military and industrial explosives using IMS is an ideal application, since IMS can be tailored to be sensitive to compounds that form negative ions such as nitrate-laden explosives. However, realization of a miniaturized IMS-based detection system for explosives has been hampered by limitations in resolution of miniaturized IMS tubes and by the need to preconcentrate explosive samples and then rapidly desorb them creating a transient chemical concentration. We have demonstrated a new gating and data processing technique that takes advantage of pulse compression approaches developed for modern radar systems for decreasing granularity in target identification. We will show that closely spaced peaks can be isolated by adding discriminating codes to the gating signal. We will then employ matched filtering for the received ion current signal greatly improving instrument performance. This scheme is most advantageous to small geometry IMS drift cells that suffer from lack of resolution due to their small size but would improve sensitivity and peak location uncertainty in any geometry IMS tube. Specifically, we have demonstrated a 13 fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio and have effectively decreased the uncertainty in the location of the signal peak by a factor of 4.4 using a 13-bit Barker coding pattern to operate our IMS gating. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pfeifer, KB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kbpfeif@sandia.gov; sbrohde@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7-8 BP 1130 EP 1137 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.897961 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194OQ UT WOS:000248354100024 ER PT J AU Candy, JV AF Candy, James V. TI Bootstrap particle filtering SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE; STATE ESTIMATION; SPECIAL-ISSUE; TRACKING C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tsoftware@aol.com RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-5888 EI 1558-0792 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1109/MSP.2007.4286566 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 184LH UT WOS:000247642400010 ER PT J AU Torney, DC AF Torney, David C. TI Localization and observability of aircraft via Doppler shifts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The linear trajectory of an airplane with constant velocity is obtained from Doppler shifts at stationary sensors, each yielding a corresponding time of closest approach, closest distance, and speed [3, 8]. Based on these inferences and on the sensors' locations, three sensors yield two candidate trajectories, and four sensors yield one-provided that the locations span R-2 and R-3, respectively: constituting observability for the problem at hand. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1168 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4383606 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 237MF UT WOS:000251377400031 ER PT J AU Murphy, RC Kogge, PM AF Murphy, Richard C. Kogge, Peter M. TI On the memory access patterns of supercomputer applications: Benchmark selection and its implications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE performance analysis and design aids; measurement techniques; measurement; evaluation; modeling; simulation of multiple-processor systems AB This paper compares the System Performance Evaluation Cooperative (SPEC) Integer and Floating-Point suites to a set of real-world applications for high-performance computing at Sandia National Laboratories. These applications focus on the high-end scientific and engineering domains; however, the techniques presented in this paper are applicable to any application domain. The applications are compared in terms of three memory properties: 1) temporal locality (or reuse over time), 2) spatial locality (or the use of data " near" data that has already been accessed), and 3) data intensiveness (or the number of unique bytes the application accesses). The results show that real-world applications exhibit significantly less spatial locality, often exhibit less temporal locality, and have much larger data sets than the SPEC benchmark suite. They further quantitatively demonstrate the memory properties of real supercomputing applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Murphy, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Grp, POB 5800,MS-1319, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcmurph@sandia.gov; kogge@cse.nd.edu NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 56 IS 7 BP 937 EP 945 DI 10.1109/TC.2007.1039 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 170GS UT WOS:000246651400008 ER PT J AU Cimini, D Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Leuski, VY Lijegren, JC AF Cimini, Domenico Gasiewski, Albin J. Klein, Marian Leuski, Vladimir Ye Lijegren, James C. TI Ground-based millimeter- and submillimeter-wave observations of low vapor and liquid water contents SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE atmospheric measurements; microwave radiometry; remote sensing ID ARCTIC CLOUD; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVALS AB Ground-based observations at millimeter (mm) and submillimeter (submm) wavelengths were collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site at Barrow, AK, during the Arctic winter by a new 25-channel radiometer. A weighting function analysis is presented to demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of mm- and submm-wave (50-400 GHz) radiometers to low vapor and liquid water contents with respect to conventional instruments such as the ones operating at centimeter (cm) wavelengths (20-30 GHz). In addition, based on measurements, we carried out a quantitative analysis of mm-and suhmm-wavelength sensitivity, yielding improvement factors from 1.5 to 69 for precipitable water vapor (PWV) and 3 to 4 for liquid water path (LWP) when compared to 20-30 GHz radiometers. Furthermore, using a simulated data set, we evaluate the effect of hydrometeor scattering: Given the conditions occurring during the experiment, the scattering contribution is within the instrumental noise for most, but not all, of the considered channels. With the same data set, we demonstrate that in the dry conditions of the Arctic, a simple linear regression yields satisfactory results when applied on selected mm- and submm-wave channels. For a dual-channel combination, the expected accuracy is similar to 0.23 (0.007) mm for PWV (LWP), when using mm- and submm-wavelengths, whereas it is 0.37 (0.012) mm using cm-wave channels. When the retrieval is applied to real observations, the accuracy is found in agreement with theoretical expectations. C1 Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CNR, Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, IMAA, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Environm Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cimini, D (reprint author), Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2169 EP 2180 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.897450 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NE UT WOS:000247784600002 ER PT J AU Cadeddu, MP Lijegren, JC Pazmany, AL AF Cadeddu, Maria P. Lijegren, James C. Pazmany, Andrew L. TI Measurements and retrievals from a new 183-GHz water-vapor radiometer in the arctic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; remote sensing; watervapor retrieval; 183 GHz. ID CLOUD LIQUID; GHZ AB A new G-band (183.31-GHz) water-vapor radiometer, developed and built by ProSensing Inc., was deployed in Barrow, AK, in April 2005. The radiometer is part of a suite of instruments maintained by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. The instrument measures brightness temperatures from four double-sideband channels centered at +/- 1, +/- 3, +/- 7, and +/- 14 GHz from the 183.31-GHz water-vapor line. Atmospheric emission in this spectral region is primarily due to water vapor, with some influence from liquid water. In this paper, data collected in November 2005, December 2005, and January 2006 are analyzed. Measurements are compared with simulations obtained by using a radiative transfer model. We show that the measurements agree well with model simulations. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) are retrieved with a nonlinear physical algorithm, and results are compared with those from the colocated dual-channel microwave radiometer and radiosondes. Retrieval errors are estimated to be below 5% for PWV and of the order of 0.006 mm for LWP. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Cadeddu, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcadeddu@ani.gov; jcliljegren@anl.gov; pazmany@prosensing.com NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2207 EP 2215 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888970 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NE UT WOS:000247784600006 ER PT J AU Cadeddu, MP Payne, VH Clough, SA Cady-Pereira, K Lijegren, JC AF Cadeddu, Maria P. Payne, Vivienne H. Clough, S. A. Cady-Pereira, K. Lijegren, James C. TI Effect of the oxygen line-parameter modeling on temperature and humidity retrievals from ground-based microwave radiometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; oxygen absorption; temperature retrieval; water-vapor retrieval ID ABSORPTION MODELS; BAND AB The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program maintains a suite of instruments in various locations to provide continuous monitoring of atmospheric parameters. Temperature and humidity retrievals are two of the key parameters used by the climate-modeling community. Accuracy in the spectroscopy adopted by the various radiative transfer models is crucial for obtaining accurate retrievals. While the accuracy of the spectroscopic parameters used for water-vapor retrievals is satisfactory, temperature retrievals continue to be affected by uncertainties in oxygen line parameters leading to discrepancies between the modeled and observed brightness temperatures. In this paper, we compare the model calculations in the oxygen-band channels with the measurements collected by the ARM-operated 12-channel Microwave Radiometer Profiler (MWRP). The dataset used spans a wide range of atmospheric temperature conditions, with ground temperatures varying between -40 degrees C and +20 degrees C. Model calculations are performed by using line parameters from the high-resolution transmission molecular-absorption (HITRAN) database and from a set of newly published parameters. Our comparison shows that the newly published parameters agree more closely with the MWRP measurements and confirms the need to update the HITRAN database for the oxygen lines. We show the effect of line parameters on the retrievals of temperature, water vapor, and liquid water, and show that improved oxygen absorption is essential to reduce the clear-sky bias in the liquid-water path retrievals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Cadeddu, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcadeddu@anl.gov RI Payne, Vivienne/D-9713-2012 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2007 VL 45 IS 7 BP 2216 EP 2223 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.894063 PN 2 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 186NE UT WOS:000247784600007 ER PT J AU Feng, G Meyer, E Liu, YF AF Feng, Guang Meyer, Eric Liu, Yan-Fei TI A new digital control algorithm to achieve optimal dynamic performance in DC-to-DC converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE capacitor charge balance; digital control; load transient response; proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller; switching power supply AB In this paper, a new control algorithm is proposed to achieve optimal dynamic performance for de-to-dc converters under a load current change and for a given set of circuit parameters, such as the output inductor, output capacitor, switching frequency input voltage, and output voltage. Using the concept of capacitor charge balance, the proposed algorithm predicts the optimal transient response for a dc-to-dc converter during a large signal load current change. During steady state operation, conventional current mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is used. During large signal transient conditions, the new control algorithm takes over. The equations needed to calculate the transient time and the required duty cycle series are presented. By using the proposed algorithm, the optimal transient performance, including the smallest output voltage overshoot/undershoot and the shortest recovery time, is achieved. In addition, since the large signal dynamic response of the power converter is successfully predicted, the large signal stability is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces superior dynamic performance over a conventional current mode PID controller. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Queens Power Grp, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gfeng@aps.anl.gov; ece.meyer@ece.queensu.ca; yanfei.liu@queensu.ca NR 14 TC 119 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1498 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2007.900605 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 189IW UT WOS:000247983600042 ER PT J AU Yao, Y Edmunds, T Papageorgiou, D Alvarez, R AF Yao, Yiming Edmunds, Thomas Papageorgiou, Dimitri Alvarez, Rogelio TI Trilevel optimization in power network defense SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE homeland security; interdiction; multilevel optimization; network defense ID CONSTRAINT; ALGORITHM AB We present a trilevel optimization model of resource allocation in electric power network defense. This model identifies the most critical network components to defend against possible terrorist attacks. The goal of defense is to minimize the economic cost that the attacks may cause, subject to resource constraints. We describe a decomposition approach for finding an optimal solution to the trilevel model, which is based on iteratively solving smaller nested bilevel problems. Our testing results demonstrate the advantages of trilevel optimization over bilevel optimization in network defense. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yao, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM yao3@llnl.gov; edmunds2@llnl.gov; djpapag@mail.utexas.edu; realvare@nps.navy.mil NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6977 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 37 IS 4 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1109/TSMCC.2007.897487 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 184MC UT WOS:000247644800027 ER PT J AU Pugmire, D Monroe, L Davenport, CC DuBois, A DuBois, D Poole, S AF Pugmire, David Monroe, Laura Davenport, Carolyn Connor DuBois, Andrew DuBois, David Poole, Stephen TI NPU-based image compositing in a distributed visualization system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE hardware-assisted image compositing; high-performance computing; image compositing; Network Processing Unit; parallel rendering; PC clusters; visualization; volume rendering AB This paper describes the first use of a Network Processing Unit (NPU) to perform hardware-based image composition in a distributed rendering system. The image composition step is a notorious bottleneck in a clustered rendering system. Furthermore, image compositing algorithms do not necessarily scale as data size and number of nodes increase. Previous researchers have addressed the composition problem via software and/or custom-built hardware. We used the heterogeneous multicore computation architecture of the Intel IXP28XX NPU, a fully programmable commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology, to perform the image composition step. With this design, we have attained a nearly four-times performance increase over traditional software-based compositing methods, achieving sustained compositing rates of 22-28 fps on a 1, 024 x 1, 024 image. This system is fully scalable with a negligible penalty in frame rate, is entirely COTS, and is flexible with regard to operating system, rendering software, graphics cards, and node architecture. The NPU-based compositor has the additional advantage of being a modular compositing component that is eminently suitable for integration into existing distributed software visualization packages. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pugmire, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T080, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pugmire@lanl.gov; lmonroe@lanl.gov; cmcd@lanl.gov; ajd@lanl.gov; dhd@lanl.gov; spoole@ornl.gov RI Connor, Carolyn/F-1262-2011 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 798 EP 809 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.1026 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 175HZ UT WOS:000247006000014 PM 17495338 ER PT J AU Insley, JA Papka, ME Dong, SC Karniadakis, G Karonis, NT AF Insley, Joseph A. Papka, Michael E. Dong, Suchuan Karniadakis, George Karonis, Nicholas T. TI Runtime visualization of the human arterial tree SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE real-time visualization; flow visualization; computer graphics; graphics systems; distributed/network graphics; simulation and modeling; simulation output/analysis ID FLOW AB Large-scale simulation codes typically execute for extended periods of time and often on distributed computational resources. Because these simulations can run for hours, or even days, scientists like to get feedback about the state of the computation and the validity of its results as it runs. It is also important that these capabilities be made available with little impact on the performance and stability of the simulation. Visualizing and exploring data in the early stages of the simulation can help scientists identify problems early, potentially avoiding a situation where a simulation runs for several days, only to discover that an error with an input parameter caused both time and resources to be wasted. We describe an application that aids in the monitoring and analysis of a simulation of the human arterial tree. The application provides researchers with high-level feedback about the state of the ongoing simulation and enables them to investigate particular areas of interest in greater detail. The application also offers monitoring information about the amount of data produced and data transfer performance among the various components of the application. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Computat & Appl Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Insley, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM insley@ci.uchicago.edu; papka@ci.uchicago.edu; sdong@math.purdue.edu; gk@dam.brown.edu; karonis@niu.edu RI Dong, Suchuan/B-1529-2008; OI Dong, Suchuan/0000-0001-6778-0679 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 810 EP 821 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.1017 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 175HZ UT WOS:000247006000015 PM 17495339 ER PT J AU Beeman, JW Goyal, S Reichertz, LA Haller, EE AF Beeman, Jeffrey W. Goyal, Supriya Reichertz, Lothar A. Haller, Eugene E. TI Ion-implanted Ge: B far-infrared blocked-impurity-band detectors SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE germanium; blocked-impurity-band detector; far-infrared; photoconductor; ion-implantation ID GERMANIUM; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Ge blocked-impurity-band (BIB) photoconductors have the potential to replace stressed Ge:Ga photoconductors for far-infrared astronomical observations. A novel planar BIB device has been fabricated in which ion-implanted boron is used to form the blocking contact and absorbing layers of necessary purity and compensation. The effect of doping in the infrared active layer on the far-infrared photoconductive response has been studied, and the optimum doping concentration is found to be similar to 4 x 10(16)cm(-3). Devices doped near this concentration show good blocking characteristics with low dark currents. The spectral response extends to similar to 45 cm(-1), clearly showing the formation of an impurity band. Under low background testing conditions these devices attain a responsivity of 0.12 A/W and NEP of 5.23 x 10(15) W/Hz(1/2). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haller, EE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EEHaller@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.12.001 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 216LC UT WOS:000249878500008 ER PT J AU Popovic, A Semenova, O Richter, KW Krachler, R Bester, G Ipser, H AF Popovic, Arkadij Semenova, Olga Richter, Klaus W. Krachler, Regina Bester, Gabriel Ipser, Herbert TI Thermodynamics and nonstoichiometry in the D0(3) compound Ni3Sb SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE intermetallicsmmiscellaneous; thermodynamic and thermochemical properties; defects : point defects; defects : theory ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; NI-SB SYSTEMS; ATOMIC DEFECTS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; AB-INITIO; CO-SB; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; PHASE AB The thermodynamic activity of antimony was determined for nickel-antimony alloys in the composition range between 20 and 52 at% Sb by means of a Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometric (KEMS) method. The experimental data in the homogeneity range of the hexagonal gamma-NiSb phase (B8-type) were compared with the literature data obtained by a different method. For the activity values in the nonstoichiometric compound Ni3Sb (D0(3)-type), a statistical-thermodynamic model was applied which uses the energies of formation of the six different types of point defects, obtained from ab initio calculations, as parameters. According to these formation energies, the most prominent point defects in nonstoichiometric Ni3Sb are nickel vacancies. It was found that the inclusion of a full volume relaxation in the ab initio calculations improves the fit of the theoretical curve considerably. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Dept Inorgan Chem Mat Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Jozef Stefan Inst, SLO-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Vienna, Dept Inorgan Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Ipser, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Inorgan Chem Mat Chem, Wahringerstr 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM herbert.ipser@univie.ac.at RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Richter, Klaus/D-9869-2013; OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; Richter, Klaus/0000-0001-7128-6956 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.10.053 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 181CR UT WOS:000247415000005 ER PT J AU Braunstein, LA Wu, ZH Chen, YP Buldyrev, SV Kalisky, T Sreenivasan, S Cohen, R Lopez, E Havlin, S Stanley, HE AF Braunstein, Lidia A. Wu, Zhenhua Chen, Yiping Buldyrev, Sergey V. Kalisky, Tomer Sreenivasan, Sameet Cohen, Reuven Lopez, Eduardo Havlin, Shlomo Stanley, H. Eugene TI Optimal path and minimal spanning trees in random weighted networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE minimum spanning tree; percolation; scale-free; optimization ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; STRONG DISORDER; INVASION PERCOLATION; COMPLEX NETWORKS; DEGREE SEQUENCE; CRITICAL-POINT; RANDOM GRAPHS; TRANSITION; OPTIMIZATION; THRESHOLD AB We review results on the scaling of the optimal path length l(opt) in random networks with weighted links or nodes. We refer to such networks as "weighted" or "disordered" networks. The optimal path is the path with minimum sum of the weights. In strong disorder, where the maximal weight along the path dominates the sum, we find that l(opt) increases dramatically compared to the known small-world result for the minimum distance l(min) similar to log N, where N is the number of nodes. For Erdos-Renyi (ER) networks l(opt) similar to N-1/3, while for scale free (SF) networks, with degree distribution P(k) similar to k(-lambda), we find that l(opt) scales as N-(lambda 3)/(lambda/1) for 3 < lambda < 4 and as N-1/3 for 3 >= 4. Thus, for these networks, the small-world nature is destroyed. For 2 < lambda < 3 in contrary, our numerical results suggest that l(opt) scales as ln(lambda-1) 1 N, representing still a small world. We also find numerically that for weak disorder l(opt) similar to ln N for ER models as well as for SF networks. We also review the transition between the strong and weak disorder regimes in the scaling properties of l(opt) for ER and SF networks and for a general distribution of weights tau, P(tau). For a weight distribution of the form P(tau) = 1/(a tau) with (tau(min) < tau < tau(max)) and a = ln tau(max)/ tmin, we find that there is a crossover network size N* = N*( a) at which the transition occurs. For N << N* the scaling behavior of l(opt) is in the strong disorder regime, while for N << N* the scaling behavior is in the weak disorder regime. The value of N* can be determined from the expression l(infinity)(N*) = ap(c), where l(infinity) is the optimal path length in the limit of strong disorder, A = ap(c) -> infinity and pc is the percolation threshold of the network. We suggest that for any P(tau) the distribution of optimal path lengths has a universal form which is controlled by the scaling parameter Z = l(infinity)/A where A = p(c)tau(c)/integral(tau c)(0) tau P(tau) d tau plays the role of the disorder strength and tau(c) is defined by integral(tau c)(0) P(tau)d tau = p(c). In case P(tau) similar to 1/(at), the equation for A is reduced to A = ap(c). The relation for A is derived analytically and supported by numerical simulations for Erdos-Renyi and scale-free graphs. We also determine which form of P(tau) can lead to strong disorder A -> infinity. We then study the minimum spanning tree (MST), which is the subset of links of the network connecting all nodes of the network such that it minimizes the sum of their weights. We show that the minimum spanning tree (MST) in the strong disorder limit is composed of percolation clusters, which we regard as "super-nodes", interconnected by a scale-free tree. The MST is also considered to be the skeleton of the network where the main transport occurs. We furthermore show that the MST can be partitioned into two distinct components, having significantly different transport properties, characterized by centrality - number of times a node (or link) is used by transport paths. One component the superhighways, for which the nodes (or links) with high centrality dominate, corresponds to the largest cluster at the percolation threshold (incipient infinite ercolation cluster) which is a subset of the MST. The other component, roads, includes the remaining nodes, low centrality nodes dominate. We find also that the distribution of the centrality for the incipient infinite percolation cluster satisfies a power law, with an exponent smaller than that for the entire MST. We demonstrate the significance identifying the superhighways by showing that one can improve significantly the global transport by improving a very small fraction of the network, the superhighways. C1 [Braunstein, Lidia A.] Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Braunstein, Lidia A.; Wu, Zhenhua; Chen, Yiping; Buldyrev, Sergey V.; Sreenivasan, Sameet; Lopez, Eduardo; Havlin, Shlomo; Stanley, H. Eugene] Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Buldyrev, Sergey V.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Kalisky, Tomer; Cohen, Reuven; Havlin, Shlomo] Bar Ilan Univ, Minerva Ctr, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Cohen, Reuven] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lopez, Eduardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kalisky, Tomer; Cohen, Reuven; Havlin, Shlomo] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Braunstein, LA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Funes 3350, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina. EM lbrauns@mdp.edu.ar RI Cohen, Reuven/B-3875-2008; Buldyrev, Sergey/I-3933-2015 OI Cohen, Reuven/0000-0001-8788-2189; NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2215 EP 2255 DI 10.1142/S0218127407018361 PG 41 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246QL UT WOS:000252021900003 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Goh, KI Kahng, B Kim, D AF Lee, H. K. Goh, K. -I. Kahng, B. Kim, D. TI Internet data packet transport: From global topology to local queueing dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE scale-free network; internet traffic; queueing dynamics ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; CENTRALITY AB We study structural feature and evolution of the Internet at the autonomous systems level. Extracting relevant parameters for the growth dynamics of the Internet topology, we construct a toy model for the Internet evolution, which includes the ingredients of multiplicative stochastic evolution of nodes and edges and adaptive rewiring of edges. The model reproduces successfully structural features of the Internet at a fundamental level. We also introduce a quantity called the load as the capacity of node needed for handling the communication traffic and study its time-dependent behavior at the hubs across years. The load at hub increases with network size N as similar to N-1.8. Finally, we study data packet traffic in the microscopic scale. The average delay time of data packets in a queueing system is calculated, in particular, when the number of arrival channels is scale-free. We show that when the number of arriving data packets follows a power law distribution, similar to n(-lambda), the queue length distribution decays as n(1-lambda). and the average delay time at the hub diverges as similar to N(3-lambda)/(lambda-1) in the N -> infinity limit when 2 < lambda < 3. being the network degree exponent. C1 [Lee, H. K.] Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Goh, K. -I.; Kahng, B.] Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Goh, K. -I.; Kahng, B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kahng, B.; Kim, D.] Seoul Natl Univ NS50, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kahng, B.; Kim, D.] Seoul Natl Univ NS50, Ctr Theoret Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kahng, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Goh, K. -I.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130722, South Korea. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 EI 1793-6551 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 7 BP 2485 EP 2490 DI 10.1142/S0218127407018555 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246QL UT WOS:000252021900022 ER PT J AU Sohal, MS Viskanta, R Dombrovsky, LA Minkowycz, WJ Modest, MF Daun, KJ Sparrow, EM Taine, J Menguc, MP Ratzel, AC AF Sohal, Manohar S. Viskanta, Ray Dombrovsky, Leonid A. Minkowycz, W. J. Modest, Michael F. Daun, Kyle J. Sparrow, Ephraim M. Taine, Jean Menguc, M. Pinar Ratzel, Arthur C., III TI Professor John R. Howell on his 70th birthday SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117901, Russia. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ecole Cent Paris, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Minkowycz, WJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, MC 251,842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM wjm@uic.edu RI Menguc, Pinar/O-3114-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 50 IS 13-14 BP 2447 EP 2448 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.11.039 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 168QJ UT WOS:000246538800001 ER PT J AU Pike, W Gahegan, M AF Pike, William Gahegan, Mark TI Beyond ontologies: Toward situated representations of scientific knowledge SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE knowledge representation; situated cognition; concept maps; collaboration; web applications ID MANAGEMENT; WEB; COLLABORATION; CATEGORIES AB In information systems that support knowledge-discovery applications such as scientific exploration, reliance on highly structured ontologies as data-organization aids can be limiting. With current computational aids to science work, the human knowledge that creates meaning out of analyses is often only recorded when work reaches publication-or worse, left unrecorded altogether-for lack of an ontological model for scientific concepts that can capture knowledge as it is created and used. We argue for an approach to representing scientific concepts that reflects (1) the situated processes of science work, (2) the social construction of knowledge, and (3) the emergence and evolution of understanding over time. In this model, knowledge is the result of collaboration, negotiation, and manipulation by teams of researchers. Capturing the situations in which knowledge is created and used helps these collaborators discover areas of agreement and discord, while allowing individual inquirers to maintain different perspectives on the same information. The capture of provenance information allows historical trails of reasoning to be reconstructed, allowing end users to evaluate the utility and trustworthiness of knowledge representations. We present a proof-of-concept system, called Codex, based on this situated knowledge model. Codex supports visualization of knowledge structures through concept mapping, and enables inference across those structures. The proof-of-concept is deployed in the domain of geoscience to support distributed teams of learners and researchers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 GeoVISTA Ctr, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pike, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Informat Analyt Grp, MSIN K7-28,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.pike@pnl.gov; mng1@psu.edu RI Gahegan, Mark/C-9297-2009 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 7 BP 674 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.03.002 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 181HL UT WOS:000247427700009 ER PT J AU Heuze, FE Morris, JP AF Heuze, F. E. Morris, J. P. TI Insights into ground shock in jointed rocks and the response of structures there-in SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE jointed rock masses; ground shock propagation; dynamic loading of underground structures; three-dimensional discrete element simulations AB Ground shock in rock masses is created by dynamic events such as rock-bursts, coal bumps or man-made explosions. This article examines two aspects of the phenomenology: the propagation Of ground shock, and its effects on underground structures. Numerous experiments, at all scales, as well as numerical modeling clearly show that geologic discontinuities have a large influence on ground shock propagation through their actions Lis wave-guides or as decoupling features. Three-dimensional discrete element (DE'S numerical models provide additional insights into the dynamic response of underground structures as influenced by joint orientation, joint spacing, characteristics of the loading pulse (duration, peak velocity, peak displacement), and repeated loadings. It is also shown that in hard rocks the deformability of rock blocks has a negligible influence on tunnel dynamic structural response compared to that of the joint sets or bedding. When viewed together with pictures of underground failures, the 3-D DE models are shown to capture quite well the kinematics of jointed rocks, and their power is illustrated through a very large simulation of an underground facility under dynamic loading. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Heuze, FE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM heuze@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 5 BP 647 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.09.011 PG 30 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 159NI UT WOS:000245872400001 ER PT J AU Rocco, D Caverlee, J Liu, L Critchlow, T AF Rocco, Daniel Caverlee, James Liu, Ling Critchlow, Terence TI Service class driven dynamic data source discovery with DynaBot SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE deep Web; dynamic Web data; service discovery; Web crawling ID WEB AB Dynamic Web data sources on the Deep Web provide intuitive access to real-time information and large data repositories anywhere that Web access is available. Although recent studies suggest that the dynamic Web is larger and growing faster than static Web, dynamic content is often ignored by existing search engine indexers owing to technical challenges inherent in searching dynamic sources. To address these challenges, we present DynaBot, a service-centric crawler for discovering and clustering Deep Web sources. DynaBot has three unique characteristics. First, DynaBot utilizes a service class model implemented through the construction of service class descriptions (SCDs). Second, DynaBot employs a modular architecture for focused crawling of the Deep Web. Third, DynaBot incorporates algorithms for efficiently probing, discovering, and clustering Deep Web sources through SCD-based service analysis. Experimental results demonstrate DynaBot's effectiveness and suggest techniques for efficiently managing service discovery given the immense scale of the Deep Web. C1 Univ W Georgia, Dept Comp Sci, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BKC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rocco, D (reprint author), Univ W Georgia, Dept Comp Sci, 1601 Maple St, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING PI HERSHEY PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1240 USA SN 1545-7362 J9 INT J WEB SERV RES JI Int. J. Web. Serv. Res. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 26 EP 48 DI 10.4018/jwsr.2007070102 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 195SW UT WOS:000248433000003 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Yamauchi, T Shiraishi, K Hugenholtz, P Ohashi, A Harada, H Kamagata, Y Nakamura, K Sekiguchi, Y AF Yamada, Takeshi Yamauchi, Toshihiro Shiraishi, Koji Hugenholtz, Philip Ohashi, Akiyoshi Harada, Hideki Kamagata, Yoichi Nakamura, Kazunori Sekiguchi, Yuji TI Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE anaerobic filamentous bulking; upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB); KSB3; filamentous microbes; wastewater treatment ID GREEN NONSULFUR BACTERIA; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; UASB REACTORS; GEN. NOV.; PHYSIOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; ANAEROBIC TREATMENT; BLANKET REACTOR; DIVERSITY; LOCALIZATION AB A fatal bulking phenomenon was found to occur occasionally in the methanogenic granular sludge of a mesophilic ( 35 - 40 degrees C), full- scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket ( UASB) reactor treating organic wastewater discharged from a sugar manufacturing factory. A vast number of filamentous cells were observed in the bulking sludge that were morphologically distinct from the previously recognized anaerobic bulking agent Anaerolinea thermophila. 16S rRNA gene- based analyses of the microbial populations in the bulking sludge revealed that the dominant filamentous organisms were members of proposed candidate bacterial phylum, KSB3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) analysis of the healthy sludge granules showed that the KSB3 filaments were the dominant granule surface population suggesting that they are fundamental constituents of the sludge granules and that they occasionally overgrow in the reactor, possibly triggering the filamentous bulking. We surveyed 10 additional mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludges for the presence and diversity of KSB3 populations. Bacteria closely related to the characterized KSB3 filaments were present in two types of mesophilically grown UASB sludge granules treating actual wastewater discharged from sugar- processing industries. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Biol Resources & Funct, Biomeasurement Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. Nagaoka Univ Technol, Dept Environm Syst Engn, Nagaoka, Niigata 94021, Japan. Fujikasui Engn Co Ltd, Div Res & Dev, Tokyo, Japan. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Sekiguchi, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Biol Resources & Funct, Biomeasurement Res Grp, Cent 6,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. EM y.sekiguchi@aist.go.jp RI Yamada, Takeshi/G-2859-2010; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Ohashi, Akiyoshi/H-4744-2011; Harada, Hideki/F-1057-2014; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.28 PG 10 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 206XL UT WOS:000249216100008 PM 18043635 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Walleser, J Harringa, JL AF Anderson, I. E. Walleser, J. Harringa, J. L. TI Observations of nucleation catalysis effects during solidification of SnAgCuX solder joints SO JOM LA English DT Article ID SN-AG-CU; AG3SN PLATE FORMATION; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB While modification of a strong (high Cu) Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder alloy with a substitutional alloy addition (X= Co, Fe, Zn, and Ni) for Cu has been demonstrated to enhance solder joint strength and ductility after aging at 150 degrees C for 1,000 h, control of the as-solidified SAC+X solder joint microstructure is also needed to inhibit undercooling and nucleation of brittle pro-eutectic phases (e.g., A 93 Sn). Bulk undercooling measurements of SAC+X alloys and microstructural analysis of SAC+X solder joints were used to rank the effectiveness and consistency of low-level (X < 0.15 wt.%) substitutional additions to a base SAC composition, Sn-3.5Ag-0.95Cu (wt.%). This SAC composition was selected to favor thermodynamically the nucleation of pro-eutectic Cu 6 Sn 5 over that of Ag3Sn and the formation of an enhanced ternary eutectic fraction in the joint microstructure, while retaining a pasty range that is only 3 degrees C. Using differential scanning calorimetry with sample pans that serve as either inert (aluminum) or actively wetting (copper) substrates, reflow cycles were studied that simulated surface mount (1.5 degrees C/s) and ball-grid array (0.17 degrees CA) cooling rates. Of the SAC+X solders tested with copper pans, X = Zn appeared to be most effective and consistent, providing catalytic enhancement of the nucleation temperature for even the minimum concentration (0.05 wt.%) and lowest cooling rate. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andersoni@ameslab.gov NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 23 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JUL PY 2007 VL 59 IS 7 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0087-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 188CD UT WOS:000247895300007 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Park, HW Law, KH Farrar, CR AF Sohn, Hoon Park, Hyun Woo Law, Kincho H. Farrar, Charles R. TI Damage detection in composite plates by using an enhanced time reversal method SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LAMB WAVES; GENERATION AB A damage detection technique, which does not rely on any past baseline signals, is proposed to assess damage in composite plates by using an enhanced time reversal method. A time reversal concept of modern acoustics has been adapted to guided-wave propagation to improve the detectability of local defects in composite structures. In particular, wavelet-based signal processing techniques have been developed to enhance the time reversibility of Lamb waves in thin composite laminates. In the enhanced time reversal method, an input signal at an excitation point can be reconstructed if a response signal measured at another point is reemitted to the original excitation point after being reversed in a time domain. This time reversibility is based on linear reciprocity of elastic waves, and it is violated when nonlinearity is caused by a defect along a direct wave path. Examining the deviation of the reconstructed signal from the known initial input signal allows instantaneous identification of damage without requiring the baseline signal for comparison. The validity of the proposed method has been exemplified through experimental studies on a quasi-isotropic laminate with delamination. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Dong A Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Pusan, South Korea. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM hoonsohn@kaist.ac.kr; hwpark@dau.ac.kr; law@stanford.edu; farrar@lanl.gov RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 38 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 21 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:3(141) PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 188KA UT WOS:000247917600002 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JK Chan, ST AF Lundquist, Julie K. Chan, Stevens T. TI Consequences of urban stability conditions for computational fluid dynamics simulations of urban dispersion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW; TURBULENT AB The validity of omitting stability considerations when simulating transport and dispersion in the urban environment is explored using observations from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulations of that experiment. Four releases of sulfur hexafluoride, during two daytime and two nighttime intensive observing periods (IOPs), are simulated using the building-resolving computational fluid dynamics model called the Finite Element Model in 3-Dimensions and Massively Parallelized (FEM3MP) to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with two options of turbulence parameterizations. One option omits stability effects but has a superior turbulence parameterization using a nonlinear eddy viscosity (NEV) approach, and the other considers buoyancy effects with a simple linear eddy viscosity approach for turbulence parameterization. Model performance metrics are calculated by comparison with observed winds and tracer data in the downtown area and with observed winds and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) profiles at a location immediately downwind of the central business district in the area labeled as the urban shadow. Model predictions of winds, concentrations, profiles of wind speed, wind direction, and friction velocity are generally consistent with and compare reasonably well to the field observations. Simulations using the NEV turbulence parameterization generally exhibit better agreement with observations. To explore further the assumption of a neutrally stable atmosphere within the urban area, TKE budget profiles slightly downwind of the urban wake region in the urban shadow are examined. Dissipation and shear production are the largest terms that may be calculated directly. The advection of TKE is calculated as a residual; as would be expected downwind of an urban area, the advection of TKE produced within the urban area is a very large term. Buoyancy effects may be neglected in favor of advection, shear production, and dissipation. For three of the IOPs, buoyancy production may be neglected entirely; for one IOP, buoyancy production contributes approximately 25% of the total TKE at this location. For both nighttime releases, the contribution of buoyancy to the total TKE budget is always negligible though positive. Results from the simulations provide estimates of the average TKE values in the upwind, downtown, downtown shadow, and urban wake zones of the computational domain. These values suggest that building-induced turbulence can cause the average turbulence intensity in the urban area to increase by as much as 7 times average upwind values, explaining the minimal role of buoyant forcing in the downtown region. The downtown shadow exhibits an exponential decay in average TKE, whereas the distant downwind wake region approaches the average upwind values. For long-duration releases in downtown and downtown shadow areas, the assumption of neutral stability is valid because building-induced turbulence dominates the budget. However, farther downwind in the urban wake region, which is found to be approximately 1500 m beyond the perimeter of downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the levels of building-induced turbulence greatly subside, and therefore the assumption of neutral stability is less valid. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lundquist1@llnl.gov OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1080 EP 1097 DI 10.1175/jam2514.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198WB UT WOS:000248657100010 ER PT J AU Antipov, S Spentzouris, L Liu, WM Gai, W AF Antipov, Sergey Spentzouris, Linda Liu, Wanming Gai, Wei TI Numerical studies of International Linear Collider positron target and optical matching device field effects on beam SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB For an International Linear Collider (ILC) undulator-based positron source target configuration, a strong optical matching device (OMD) field is needed inside the target to increase the positron yield (by more than 40%) [Y. K. Batygin, Proceedings of the 2005 ALCPG and ILC Workshops, Snowmas, CO, 14-27 August 2005 (unpublished)] It is also required that the positron target be constantly rotated to reduce thermal and radiation damages. Eddy currents, produced by an OMD field in turn, interact with the magnetic field and produce a drag (stopping) force. This force not only produces heat in the disk but also creates a dipole deflecting field, which affects the beam. Therefore it is important to simulate such a system in detail to design the motor and cooling system and also a correction magnet system. In order to guide the ILC target design, an exact simulation of the spinning disk in a magnetic field is required. In this paper we present a simulation method implemented using COMSOL and compare it with the experimental results recently obtained at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Good agreement between the simulation and the experiment gives confidence in the validity of the method. We give detailed results on the proposed ILC target system, such as parametric studies for reduction of the power required to keep the target spinning. We present simulation results of the induced deflection field and of the reduction of the OMD field effect. C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antipov, S (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM antipov@anl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 014910 DI 10.1063/1.2752602 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300116 ER PT J AU Cui, YL Roy, UN Bai, LH Burger, A Qiu, SR Schaffers, K AF Cui, Yunlong Roy, Utpal N. Bai, Lihua Burger, Arnold Qiu, S. Roger Schaffers, Kathleen TI Characterization of bubble core and cloudiness in Yb3+: Sr-5(PO4)(3)F crystals using micro-Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLUORAPATITE; SPECTRA; LASER; VIBRATIONS; PHOSPHATE AB Ytterbium doped strontium fluoroapatite Yb3+:Sr-5(PO4)(3)F (Yb:S-FAP) crystals have been used in high average power laser systems as gain medium. Growth induced defects associated with the crystal often affect their performance. In order to improve the crystal quality and its optical applications, it is imperative to understand the nature of these defects. In this study, we utilize micro-Raman spectroscopy to characterize two common growth-induced defects: bubble core and cloudiness. We find the bubble core consist of voids and microcrystals of Yb:S-FAP. These microcrystals have very different orientation from that of the pure crystal outside the bubble core. In contrast to a previous report, neither Sr-3(PO4)(2) nor Yb2O3 are observed in the bubble core regions. On the other hand, the cloudy regions are made up of the host materials blended with a structural deformation along with impurities which include CaCO3, YbPO4, SrHPO4, and Sr2P2O7. The impurities are randomly distributed in the cloudy regions. This analysis is necessary for understanding and eliminating these growth defects in Yb:S-FAP crystals. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cui, YL (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM ycui@fisk.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 013505 DI 10.1063/1.2751485 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300021 ER PT J AU Eliseev, EA Kalinin, SV Jesse, S Bravina, SL Morozovska, AN AF Eliseev, Eugene A. Kalinin, Sergei V. Jesse, Stephen Bravina, Svetlana L. Morozovska, Anna N. TI Electromechanical detection in scanning probe microscopy: Tip models and materials contrast SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY; TITANATE THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; NANOSCALE; DOMAINS; INDENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last two decades was stimulated by the emergence of scanning probe microscopy techniques capable of accessing local material properties, including transport, mechanical, and electromechanical behaviors, on the nanoscale. Here, we analyze the general principles of electromechanical probing by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), a scanning probe technique applicable to a broad range of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials. The relationship between vertical and lateral PFM signals and material properties is derived analytically for two cases: transversally isotropic piezoelectric materials in the limit of weak elastic anisotropy, and anisotropic piezoelectric materials in the limit of weak elastic and dielectric anisotropies. The integral representations for PFM response for fully anisotropic material are also obtained. The image formation mechanism for conventional (e.g., sphere and cone) and multipole tips corresponding to emerging shielded and strip-line-type probes is analyzed. Possible applications for orientation imaging on the nanoscale and molecular resolution imaging are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Mat Sci Problems, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, V Lashkaryov Inst Semiconduct Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Eliseev, EA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Mat Sci Problems, 3 Krjijanovskogo, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM eliseev@i.com.ua; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 NR 44 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 014109 DI 10.1063/1.2749463 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300084 ER PT J AU Jones, F Leonard, F Talin, AA Bell, NS AF Jones, Frank Leonard, Francois Talin, A. Alec Bell, Nelson S. TI Electrical conduction and photoluminescence properties of solution-grown ZnO nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN-NANOWIRES; NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; DEGRADATION; FABRICATION; COLLOIDS; ARRAYS; GREEN; SIZE AB We report on the optical and electrical properties of zinc oxide nanorods synthesized in solution using Oswald ripening of ZnO nanodots with the addition of ethylenediamene growth directing agent. This method results in high quality, single crystalline ZnO nanorods that extend up to 3 mu m in length and have an average diameter of 25 +/- 7 nm, compared to similar to 75 nm diameter for similarly prepared nanorods but without the addition of the growth directing agent. Furthermore, we find that the higher aspect ratio nanorods exhibit strong size-dependent electrical characteristics, with a critical diameter of about 27 nm delimiting nonconductive and conductive behaviors. Theoretical calculations indicate that the origin of this size-dependent conductivity is the presence of surface states that deplete the carriers in the smaller diameter nanorods, and an estimate of the density of these states is provided. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jones, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 014305 DI 10.1063/1.2751116 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300093 ER PT J AU Li, WJ Kavanagh, KL Talin, AA Clift, WM Matzke, CM Hsu, JWP AF Li, W.-J. Kavanagh, K. L. Talin, A. A. Clift, W. M. Matzke, C. M. Hsu, J. W. P. TI Ballistic electron and photocurrent transport in Au-molecular layer-GaAs diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; EMISSION-MICROSCOPY; CHARGE; INTERFACE; JUNCTIONS; CONTACTS; SIO2; ALKANEDITHIOL; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a study on hot electron transport through Au/molecule/n-GaAs(001) diodes via ballistic electron emission microcopy (BEEM). The molecules in the structure form a monolayer of either octanedithiol [HS-(CH2)(8)-SH] or hexadecanethiol [HS-(CH2)(15)-CH3]. For the dithiol case, the presence of the molecular interlayer leads to undetectable BEEM transmission. Whereas a small photoinduced collector current is detected at random locations at a forward (reverse) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip voltage of -1.43 +/- 0.01 V (+1.50 +/- 0.02 V). In comparison, with monothiol diodes, or diodes where the molecules are sandwiched between two Au films (Au/molecule/Au/GaAs), the BEEM transmission remains a significant fraction of the reference diode signal (30%-80%) with a slight increase in the ballistic transport threshold voltage (-1.0 to -1.1 V) from that of the reference Au/GaAs diodes (-0.89 V). Auger depth profiling and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy show that Au-molecule intermixing occurs in Au/hexadecanethiol/GaAs but not in Au/octanedithiol/GaAs diodes. The suppression of BEEM signal and the detection of STM-induced photocurrent in the Au/octanedithiol/GaAs case are consistent with an insulating monolayer containing pinholes or recombination centers with densities of 1 every 25x25 nm(2) or similar to 2000 mu m(-2). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, WJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM kavanagh@sfu.ca RI Kavanagh, Karen/J-6914-2012; OI Kavanagh, Karen/0000-0002-3059-7528 NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 013703 DI 10.1063/1.2748865 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300050 ER PT J AU Zellner, MB Grover, M Hammerberg, JE Hixson, RS Iverson, AJ Macrum, GS Morley, KB Obst, AW Olson, RT Payton, JR Rigg, PA Routley, N Stevens, GD Turley, WD Veeser, L Buttler, WT AF Zellner, M. B. Grover, M. Hammerberg, J. E. Hixson, R. S. Iverson, A. J. Macrum, G. S. Morley, K. B. Obst, A. W. Olson, R. T. Payton, J. R. Rigg, P. A. Routley, N. Stevens, G. D. Turley, W. D. Veeser, L. Buttler, W. T. TI Effects of shock-breakout pressure on ejection of micron-scale material from shocked tin surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED POLYMORPHIC TRANSITION AB This effort investigates the relation between ejecta production and shock-breakout pressure (P-SB) for Sn shocked with a Taylor shockwave (unsupported) to pressures near the solid-on-release/partial melt-on-release phase transition region. The shockwaves were created by detonation of high explosive (HE) PBX-9501 on the front side of Sn coupons. Ejecta production at the backside or free side of the Sn coupons was characterized through use of piezoelectric pins, optical shadowgraphy, x-ray attenuation radiography, and optical-heterodyne velocimetry. Ejecta velocities, dynamic volume densities, and areal densities were then correlated with the shock-breakout pressure of Sn surfaces characterized by roughness average of R-a=16 mu in or R-a=32 mu in. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE DO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Special Technol Lab, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Natl Secur Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Zellner, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE DO, P-23,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mzellner@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 AR 013522 DI 10.1063/1.2752130 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 189WC UT WOS:000248018300038 ER PT J AU Kollias, P Clothiaux, EE Miller, MA Luke, EP Johnson, KL Moran, KP Widener, KB Albrecht, BA AF Kollias, Pavlos Clothiaux, Eugene E. Miller, Mark A. Luke, Edward P. Johnson, Karen L. Moran, Kenneth P. Widener, Kevin B. Albrecht, Bruce A. TI The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program cloud profiling radars: Second-generation sampling strategies, processing, and cloud data products SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL AIR VELOCITIES; DOPPLER RADAR; OBJECTIVE DETERMINATION; COMPLEMENTARY CODE; SPECTRA; RAIN; MIE AB The U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operates millimeter-wavelength cloud radars in several climatologically distinct regions. The digital signal processors for these radars were recently upgraded and allow for enhancements in the operational parameters running on them. Recent evaluations of millimeter-wavelength cloud radar signal processing performance relative to the range of cloud dynamical and microphysical conditions encountered at the ARM Program sites have indicated that improvements are necessary, including significant improvement in temporal resolution (i. e., less than 1 s for dwell and 2 s for dwell and processing), wider Nyquist velocities, operational dealiasing of the recorded spectra, removal of pulse compression while sampling the boundary layer, and continuous recording of Doppler spectra. A new set of millimeter- wavelength cloud radar operational modes that incorporate these enhancements is presented. A significant change in radar sampling is the introduction of an uneven mode sequence with 50% of the sampling time dedicated to the lower atmosphere, allowing for detailed characterization of boundary layer clouds. The changes in the operational modes have a substantial impact on the postprocessing algorithms that are used to extract cloud information from the radar data. New methods for postprocessing of recorded Doppler spectra are presented that result in more accurate identification of radar clutter (e. g., insects) and extraction of turbulence and microphysical information. Results of recent studies on the error characteristics of derived Doppler moments are included so that uncertainty estimates are now included with the moments. The microscale data product based on the increased temporal resolution of the millimeter- wavelength cloud radars is described. It contains the number of local maxima in each Doppler spectrum, the Doppler moments of the primary peak, uncertainty estimates for the Doppler moments of the primary peak, Doppler moment shape parameters (e. g., skewness and kurtosis), and clear- air clutter flags. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Miami Univ, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Kollias, P (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 805 Sherbrooke St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM pavlos.kollias@mcgill.ca NR 32 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1199 EP 1214 DI 10.1175/JTECH2033.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 197KE UT WOS:000248553100003 ER PT J AU Vrugt, JA van Belle, J Bouten, W AF Vrugt, Jasper A. van Belle, Jelmer Bouten, Willem TI Pareto front analysis of flight time and energy use in long-distance bird migration SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION MODELS; PASSERINE MIGRANT; AVIAN MIGRATION; WIND; ORIENTATION; MINIMIZATION; SIMULATION; PREDATION; DEPARTURE; RAIN AB Optimality models are frequently used in studies of long distance bird migration to help understand and predict migration routes, stopover strategies and fuelling behaviour in a spatially varying environment. These models typically evaluate bird behaviour by focusing on a single optimization currency, such as total migration time or energy-use, without explicitly considering trade-offs between the involved objectives. In this paper, we demonstrate that this classic single-objective approach downplays the importance of variability in bird behaviour. In the light of these considerations, we therefore propose to use a full multi-criteria optimization method to isolate the set of non-dominated, efficient or Pareto optimal solutions. Unlike single-objective optimization where there is only one combination of bird behaviour maximizing fitness, the Pareto solution set represents a range of optimal solutions to conflicting objectives. Our results demonstrate that this multi-objective approach provides important new ways of analyzing how environmental factors and behavioural constraints have driven the evolution of migratory behaviour. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Vrugt, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vrugt@lanl.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03909.x PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 183NZ UT WOS:000247580800005 ER PT J AU Lower, BH Shi, L Yongsunthon, R Droubay, TC McCready, DE Lower, SK AF Lower, Brian H. Shi, Liang Yongsunthon, Ruchirej Droubay, Timothy C. McCready, David E. Lower, Steven K. TI Specific bonds between an iron oxide surface and outer membrane cytochromes MtrC and OmcA from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE-MICROSCOPY; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; SINGLE PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; REDUCTION; ADHESION; RECOGNITION; BACTERIUM AB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is purported to express outer membrane cytochromes (e.g., MtrC and OmcA) that transfer electrons directly to Fe(111) in a mineral during anaerobic respiration. A prerequisite for this type of reaction would be the formation of a stable bond between a cytochrome and an iron oxide surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to detect whether a specific bond forms between a hematite (Fe2O3) thin film, created with oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, and recombinant MtrC or OmcA molecules coupled to gold substrates. Force spectra displayed a unique force signature indicative of a specific bond between each cytochrome and the hematite surface. The strength of the OmcA-hematite bond was approximately twice that of the MtrC-hematite bond, but direct binding to hematite was twice as favorable for MtrC. Reversible folding/unfolding reactions were observed for mechanically denatured MtrC molecules bound to hematite. The force measurements for the hematite-cytochrome pairs were compared to spectra collected for an iron oxide and S. oneidensis under anaerobic conditions. There is a strong correlation between the whole-cell and pure-protein force spectra, suggesting that the unique binding attributes of each cytochrome complement one another and allow both MtrC and OmcA to play a prominent role in the transfer of electrons to Fe(III) in minerals. Finally, by comparing the magnitudes of binding force for the whole-cell versus pure-protein data, we were able to estimate that a single bacterium of S. oneidensis (2 by 0.5 mu m) expresses similar to 10(4) cytochromes on its outer surface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Dynam & Simulat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio State Univ, Mendenhall Lab 275, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lower, BH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Dynam & Simulat Grp, POB 999,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.lower@pnl.gov RI Lower, Steven/A-2440-2008; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Lower, Steven/0000-0001-9796-0830; Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 52 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 189 IS 13 BP 4944 EP 4952 DI 10.1128/JB.01518-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 183ZY UT WOS:000247612100041 PM 17468239 ER PT J AU Kane, SR Chakicherla, AY Chain, PSG Schmidt, R Shin, MW Legler, TC Scow, KM Larimer, FW Lucas, SM Richardson, PM Hristova, KR AF Kane, Staci R. Chakicherla, Anu Y. Chain, Patrick S. G. Schmidt, Radomir Shin, Maria W. Legler, Tina C. Scow, Kate M. Larimer, Frank W. Lucas, Susan M. Richardson, Paul M. Hristova, Krassimira R. TI Whole-genome analysis of the methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading beta-proteobacterium Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 (vol 189, pg 1931, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Genome Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Joint Genome Inst Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Kane, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 189 IS 13 BP 4973 EP 4973 DI 10.1128/JB.00633-07 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 183ZY UT WOS:000247612100047 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Lechno-Yossef, S Gong, YM Fan, Q Wolk, P Xu, XD AF Wang, Yu Lechno-Yossef, Sigal Gong, Yangmin Fan, Qing Wolk, Peter Xu, Xudong TI Predicted glycosyl transferase genes located outside the HEP island are required for formation of heterocyst envelope polysaccharide in Anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PCC 7120; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION; NITROGENASE; MATURATION; MUTANTS; PATHWAY AB During maturation, heterocysts form an envelope layer of polysaccharide, called heterocyst envelope polysaccharide (HEP), whose synthesis depends on a cluster of genes, the HEP island, and on an additional, distant gene, hepB, or a gene immediately downstream from hepB. We show that HEP formation depends upon the predicted glycosyl transferase genes all4160 at a third locus and alr3699, which is adjacent to hepB and is cotranscribed with it. Mutations in the histidine kinase genes hepN and hepK appear to silence the promoter of hepB and incompletely down-regulate all4160. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM xux@ihb.ac.cn RI FAN, QING/G-6356-2012 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 189 IS 14 BP 5372 EP 5378 DI 10.1128/JB.00343-07 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 189WQ UT WOS:000248019700041 PM 17483218 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Little, W Schirmer, A Sheik, F Busa, B Judex, S AF Miller, Lisa M. Little, William Schirmer, Anne Sheik, Farhan Busa, Bhavin Judex, Stefan TI Accretion of bone quantity and quality in the developing mouse skeleton SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bone; mineralization; elastic modulus; infrared microspectroscopy; mu CT; nanoindentation ID COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; CORTICAL BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; C57BL/6J MICE; COMPACT-BONE; C57B1/6 MICE; MINERALIZATION AB In this work, we found that bone mineral formation proceeded very rapidly in mice by I day of age, where the degree of mineralization, the tissue mineral density, and the mineral crystallinity reached 36%, 51 %, and 87% of the adult values, respectively. However, even though significant mineralization had occurred, the elastic modulus of 1-day-old bone was only 14% of its adult value, indicating that the intrinsic stiffening of the bone lags considerably behind the initial mineral formation. Introduction: To meet the mechanical challenges during early development, the skeleton requires the rapid accretion of bone quality and bone quantity. Here, we describe early bone development in the mouse skeleton and test the hypothesis that specific compositional properties determine the stiffness of the tissue. Materials and Methods: Tibias of female BALB mice were harvested at eight time-points (n = 4 each) distributed between I and 40 days of age and subjected to morphometric ( mu CT), chemical (Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy), and mechanical (nanoindentation) analyses. Tibias of 450-day-old mice served as fullv mineralized control specimens. Results: Bone growth proceeded very rapidly; at 1 day of age, the degree of mineralization (phosphate/protein ratio), the density of mineralized bone (TMD), and mineral crystallinity had reached 36%, 51%, and 87% of the adult (450 days) values, respectively. Spatially, the variability in mineralization across the mid-diaphysis was very high for the early time-points and declined over time. In contrast to the notable changes in mineralization, carbonate substitution into the mineral lattice (carbon ate/phosphate ratio) and collagen cross-linking did not show any significant changes over this time period. Even though significant mineralization had occurred, the elastic modulus of I-day-old bone was only 14% of the adult value and increased to 89% (of its adult value) after 40 days. Between samples of different time-points, significant positive correlations were observed between the elastic modulus and TMD (r(2) = 0.84), phosphate/protein ratio (r(2) = 0.59), and crystallinity (r(2) = 0.23), whereas collagen cross-linking showed a small but significant negative correlation (r(2) = 0.15). Conclusions: These data indicate that specific chemical and morphometric properties modulate bone's stiffness during early growth. The intrinsic stiffening of the bone, however, lags considerably behind the initial mineral formation, emphasizing the importance of bone mineral quality for optimizing matrix integrity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, 75 Brookhaven Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov NR 46 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1037 EP 1045 DI 10.1359/JBMR.070402 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 181QQ UT WOS:000247451600010 PM 17402847 ER PT J AU Radisky, DC Kenny, PA Bissell, MJ AF Radisky, Derek C. Kenny, Paraic A. Bissell, Mina J. TI Fibrosis and cancer: Do myofibroblasts come also from epithelial cells via EMT? SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE epithelial-mesenchymal transition; matrix metalloproteinases; extracellular matrix; tumor microenvironment ID IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASE; BENIGN BREAST DISEASE; MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; BONE-MARROW; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TUMOR PROGRESSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TISSUE INHIBITOR AB Myofibroblasts produce and modify the extracellular matrix (ECM), secrete angiogenic and proinflammatory factors, and stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and invasion. Myofibroblasts are normally induced transiently during wound healing, but inappropriate induction of myofibroblasts causes organ fibrosis, which greatly enhances the risk of subsequent cancer development. As myofibroblasts are also found in the reactive tumor stroma, the processes involved in their development. and activation are an area of active investigation. Emerging evidence suggests that a major source of fibrosis- and tumor-associated myofibroblasts is through transdifferentiation from non-malignant epithelial or epithelial-derived carcinoma cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review will focus on the role of EMT in fibrosis, considered in the context of recent studies showing that exposure of epithelial cells to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can lead to increased levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that stimulate transdifferentiation to myofibroblast-like cells. As deregulated MMP expression and increased cellular ROS are characteristic of both fibrosis and malignancy, these studies suggest that increased MMP expression may stimulate fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and tumor progression by inducing a specialized EMT in which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into activated myofibroblasts. This connection provides a new perspective on the development of the fibrosis and tumor microenvironments. C1 Mayo Clin, Ctr Canc, Dept Canc Biol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Radisky, DC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Ctr Canc, Dept Canc Biol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. EM radisky.derek@mayo.edu; mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, CA64786, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-07, R37 CA064786] NR 94 TC 172 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 BP 830 EP 839 DI 10.1002/jcb.21186 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 185EQ UT WOS:000247694600004 PM 17211838 ER PT J AU Olson, RM Bentz, JL Kendall, RA Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS AF Olson, Ryan M. Bentz, Jonathan L. Kendall, Ricky A. Schmidt, Michael W. Gordon, Mark S. TI A novel approach to parallel coupled cluster calculations: Combining distributed and shared memory techniques for modern cluster based systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE THEORY; TENSOR CONTRACTION ENGINE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; BINDING-ENERGIES AB A parallel coupled cluster algorithm that combines distributed and shared memory techniques for the CCSD(T) method (singles + doubles with perturbative triples) is described. The implementation of the massively parallel CCSD(T) algorithm uses a hybrid molecular and "direct" atomic integral driven approach. Shared memory is used to minimize redundant replicated storage per compute process. The algorithm is targeted at modern cluster based architectures that are comprised of multiprocessor nodes connected by a dedicated communication network. Parallelism is achieved on two levels: parallelism within a compute node via shared memory parallel techniques and parallelism between nodes using distributed memory techniques. The new parallel implementation is designed to allow for the routine evaluation of mid- (500-750 basis function) to large-scale (750-1000 basis function) CCSD(T) energies. Sample calculations are performed on five low-lying isomers of water hexamer using the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 66 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1312 EP 1328 DI 10.1021/ct600366k PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 188BL UT WOS:000247893400009 ER PT J AU Nutt, DR Smith, JC AF Nutt, David R. Smith, Jeremy C. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of proteins: Can the explicit water model be varied? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER; FORCE-FIELD; N-METHYLACETAMIDE; FREE-ENERGY; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; SOLVATION; HYDRATION; POLAR; ACID; INTEGRATION AB In molecular mechanics simulations of biological systems, the solvation water is typically represented by a default water model which is an integral part of the force field. Indeed, protein nonbonding parameters are chosen in order to obtain a balance between water-water and protein-water interactions and hence a reliable description of protein solvation. However, less attention has been paid to the question of whether the water model provides a reliable description of the water properties under the chosen simulation conditions, for which more accurate water models often exist. Here we consider the case of the CHARMM protein force field, which was parametrized for use with a modified TIP3P model. Using quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical calculations, we investigate whether the CHARMM force field can be used with other water models: TIP4P and TIP5P. Solvation properties of N-methylacetamide (NMA), other small solute molecules, and a small protein are examined. The results indicate differences in binding energies and minimum energy geometries, especially for TIP5P, but the overall description of solvation is found to be similar for all models tested. The results provide an indication that molecular mechanics simulations with the CHARMM force field can be performed with water models other than TIP3P, thus enabling an improved description of the solvent water properties. C1 Univ Heidelberg, IWR, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutt, DR (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, IWR, Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM david.nutt@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1550 EP 1560 DI 10.1021/ct700053u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 188BL UT WOS:000247893400031 PM 26633225 ER PT J AU Soares, TA Osman, MA Straatsma, TP AF Soares, Thereza A. Osman, Mohamed A. Straatsma, T. P. TI Molecular dynamics of organophosphorous hydrolases bound to the nerve agent soman SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE ACTIVE-SITE; BINUCLEAR METAL CENTER; BACTERIAL PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; COORDINATION-NUMBER; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; BINDING SITE; ZINC-BINDING AB The organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) from Pseudomonas diminuta is capable of degrading extremely toxic organophosphorous compounds with a high catalytic turnover and broad substrate specificity. Although the natural substrate for OPH is unknown, its triple-mutant H254G/H257W/L303T exhibits a 3 order of magnitude increase in catalytic efficiency and modified stereospecificity toward the most toxic SpSc enantiomer of soman. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free-energy calculations have been undertaken for the wild-type and triple-mutant H254G/H257W/L303T enzymes bound to the SpSc-soman enantiomer. Comparison of the simulations indicates that substrate binding induces conformational changes of the loops near the active site. The coordination of the zinc cations in the active site of OPH differs between the free enzyme and the complexes. This suggests that the active site of OPH can accommodate several catalytically active coordination geometries, consistent with the fact that the enzymatic activity of the wild-type OPH can be enhanced by alterations to the metal content of the enzyme. It is also argued that the enhanced efficiency of the triple mutant is determined by enzyme-transition-state complementarity. These results provide a qualitative, molecular-level explanation for the 3 order of magnitude increase in catalytic efficiency of the triple-mutant toward SpSc-soman. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Straatsma, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999 MSIN K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tps@pnl.gov RI Soares, Thereza/G-1065-2010 OI Soares, Thereza/0000-0002-5891-6906 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1569 EP 1579 DI 10.1021/ct700024h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 188BL UT WOS:000247893400033 PM 26633227 ER PT J AU de Boer, MP de Boer, PCT AF de Boer, M. P. de Boer, P. C. T. TI Thermodynamics of capillary adhesion between rough surfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adhesion; thermodynamics; control volume; pendular ring; surface roughness; capillarity; energy balance; fracture mechanics ID SPHERICAL BODIES; LIQUID BRIDGES; ELASTIC SOLIDS; CONTACT; FORCES; CONDENSATION; SILICA; ENERGY; FILMS; WATER AB According to the Dupre equation, the work of adhesion is equal to the surface energy difference in the separated versus the joined materials minus an interfacial energy term. However, if a liquid is at the interface between two solid materials, evaporation or condensation takes place under equilibrium conditions. The resulting matter exchange is accompanied by beat flow, and can reduce or increase the work of adhesion. Accounting for the energies requires an open-system control volume analysis based on the first law of thermodynamics. Depending on whether evaporation or condensation occurs during separation, a work term that is negative or positive must be added to the surface energy term to calculate the work of adhesion. We develop and apply this energy balance to several different interface geometries and compare the work of adhesion to the surface energy created. The model geometries include a sphere on a flat with limiting approximations and also with an exact solution, a circular disc, and a combination of these representing a rough interface. For the sphere on a flat, the work of adhesion is one half the surface energy created if equilibrium is maintained during the pull-off process. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mpdebo@sandia.gov RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 64 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 311 IS 1 BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.051 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 174EY UT WOS:000246925700021 PM 17368659 ER PT J AU Hansen, G Zardecki, A AF Hansen, Glen Zardecki, Andrew TI Unstructured surface mesh adaptation using the Laplace-Beltrami target metric approach SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; Galerkin methods; surface mesh generation; surface mesh adaptation ID GRID GENERATION; QUASICONFORMAL MAPPINGS; RIEMANNIAN-MANIFOLDS; HARMONIC MAPS; 2 DIMENSIONS; GEOMETRY AB This paper develops a set of adaptive surface mesh equations by using a harmonic morphism, which is a special case of a harmonic map. These equations are applicable both to structured and unstructured surface meshes, provided that the underlying surface is given in a parametric form. By representing the target metric of the mesh as a sum of a coarse-grained component and a component quadratic in surface gradients, an improved surface mesh may be obtained. The weak form of the grid equations is solved using the finite element approximation, which reduces the grid equations to a nonlinear, algebraic set. Examples of structured and unstructured meshes are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hansen, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Multiphys Methods Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Glen.Hansen@inl.gov; azardecki@bellsouth.net OI Hansen, Glen/0000-0002-1786-9285 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 225 IS 1 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.11.033 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 201TA UT WOS:000248854300011 ER PT J AU Buckley, MR Murayama, H AF Buckley, Matthew R. Murayama, Hitoshi TI Quark mass uncertainties revive Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; axions ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; STRONG CP PROBLEM; INVISIBLE-AXION; PARTICLE PHYSICS; HARMLESS AXION; INVARIANCE; COSMOLOGY; CONSERVATION; INFLATION; NEUTRON AB The Kaplan-Manohar ambiguity in light quark masses allows for a larger uncertainty in the ratio of up to down quark masses than naive estimates from the chiral Lagrangian would indicate. We show that it allows for a relaxation of experimental bounds on the quantum chromodynamics axion; specifically Kim-Shifman -Vainshtein-Zakharov axions in the 2-3 mu eV mass range composing 100% of the galactic dark matter halo can evade the experimental limits placed by the ADMX collaboration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Buckley, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM buckleym@berkeley.edu; hitoshi@berkeley.edu RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; OI Buckley, Matthew/0000-0003-1109-3460 NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 IS 7 AR 012 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/07/012 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 203CX UT WOS:000248953800007 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Thompson, GA AF Hsueh, C. H. Thompson, G. A. TI Appraisal of formulas for stresses in bilayered dental ceramics subjected to biaxial moment loading SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE bilayer; dental ceramics; biaxial moment loading; formulas; modeling; finite element analysis ID LAMINATE VENEERING MATERIAL; FLEXURE TESTS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CEMENT LUTE; STRENGTH; PORCELAIN; FAILURE; DISKS; MODE AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare three existing sets of formulas predicting stresses in a thin circular plate subjected to biaxial moment loading, such that limitations for each set of formulas could be understood. These formulas include American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) formulas for monolayered plates, Roark's formulas for bilayered plates, and Hsueh et al.'s formulas for multilayered plates. Methods: The three sets of formulas were summarized and appraised. Biaxial moment loading is generally achieved using biaxial flexure tests, and the plate is placed on a support ring and loaded in the central region. While both ASTM and Hsueh et al.'s formulas predict stresses through the thickness of the plate, Roark's formulas predict stresses only on the top and the bottom surfaces of the plate. Also, a simply supported plate at its edge is considered in Roark's formulas. We modified Roark's formulas to include the overhang region of the plate to more closely simulate the actual loading configuration. Then, the accuracy of formulas was examined by comparing with finite element results of monolayered and bilayered plates subjected to ring-on-ring loading. Results: Monolayer is a special case of bilayer, and both monolayer and bilayer are special cases of multilayer. For monolayered plates, ASTM and Hsueh et al.'s formulas are identical, and both are in excellent agreement with finite element results. For bilayered plates, Hsueh et al.'s formulas are in excellent agreement with finite element results. For both monolayered and bilayered plates, Roark's formulas deviate from finite element results while the modified Roark's formulas are accurate. Conclusions: Roark's formulas for evaluating the biaxial strength of bilayered dental ceramics will result in errors in predicted stresses which depend on the size of the overhang region of the plate in the actual loading configuration. Also, Roark's formulas are limited to predicting stresses on the top and the bottom surfaces of the plate. On the other hand, Hsueh et al.'s formulas are for multilayered plates and predict stresses through the plate thickness. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA Dent & Trauma Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsuehc@ornl.gov RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 7 BP 600 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2007.04.004 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 190NX UT WOS:000248067000010 PM 17543439 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Kasinathan, D AF Singh, D. J. Kasinathan, D. TI Thermoelectric properties of NaxCoO2 and prospects for other oxide thermoelectrics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE NaxCoO2; ZnRh2O4; thermoelectric; band structure ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB We discuss the thermoelectric properties of NaxCoO2 using the electronic structure, as determined in first principles calculations, and Boltzmann kinetic transport theory. The Fermi energy lies near the top of a manifold of Co t(2g) bands. These t(2g) bands are separated by a large gap from the higher-lying e(g) states. Although the large crystal-field splitting implies substantial Co-O hybridization, the bands are narrow. Application of standard Boltzmann transport theory to such a narrow band structure yields high thermopowers in accord with experimental observations, even for high metallic carrier densities. The high thermopowers observed for NaxCoO2 can therefore be explained by standard band theory and do not rely on low dimensionality or correlation effects specific to Co. We also present results for the cubic spinel structure ZnRh2O4. Like NaxCoO2, this compound has very narrow valence bands. We find that if it could be doped with mobile carriers, it would also have a high thermopower, comparable with that of NaxCoO2. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Singhdj@ornl.gov RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Kasinathan, Deepa/M-8825-2015 OI Kasinathan, Deepa/0000-0002-9063-6867 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 26 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 36 IS 7 BP 736 EP 739 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0154-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 197RH UT WOS:000248573400008 ER PT J AU He, J Jin, R Chakoumakos, BC Gardner, JS Mandrus, D Tritt, TM AF He, J. Jin, R. Chakoumakos, B. C. Gardner, J. S. Mandrus, D. Tritt, Terry M. TI Crystal growth, structure, and stoichiometry of the superconducting pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; inclusion; stoichiometry; oxygen deficiency ID OXIDE CD2RE2O7 AB We report single-crystal growth of the superconducting pyrochlore Cd2Re2O7 using a vapor transport technique. Several parameters of the growth conditions, including hot-zone temperature and starting stoichiometry, were varied in order to control the formation of ReO2 inclusions, as confirmed by the electron microscopy, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Rietveld refinement of x-ray (neutron) powder diffraction was found to be consistent with a cubic structure Fd3m with lattice constant a = 10.2250 (10.2358) angstrom, and reduced coordinate of O1 = 0.3184 (0.3177) at 293 K (250 K). We also studied the oxygen stoichiometry by means of redox reactions, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and x-ray/neutron diffractions. Particularly, the neutron powder diffraction on the Cd-114-enriched specimens yielded an oxygen deficiency delta = 0.14 +/- 0.03 solely at the O2 site, which was consistent with the EMPA results. The EMPA indicated that the oxygen deficiency is homogeneous in the bulk and in a range of 0.01 +/- 0.18-0.23 +/- 0.19. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP He, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. EM jianhe@clemson.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 36 IS 7 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0087-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 197RH UT WOS:000248573400009 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ Shingledecker, JP Evans, ND Yamamoto, Y More, KL Trejo, R Lara-Curzio, E AF Maziasz, P. J. Shingledecker, J. P. Evans, N. D. Yamamoto, Y. More, K. L. Trejo, R. Lara-Curzio, E. TI Creep strength and microstructure of AL20-25+Nb alloy sheets and foils for advanced microturbine recuperators SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and ATI Allegheny Ludhall worked together on a collaborative program for about two years to produce a wide range of commercial sheets and foils of the new AL20-25 +Nb (TM) (AL20-25 +Nb) stainless alloy for advanced microturbine recuperator applications. There is a need for cost-effective sheets/foils with more performance and reliability at 650-750 degrees C than 347 stainless steel, particularly for 200-250 kW microturbines. Phase I of this collaborative program produced the sheets and foils needed for manufacturing brazed plated-fill air cells, while Phase 2 provided/foils for primary surface air cells, and did experiments on modified processing designed to change the microstructure of sheets and foils for improved creep-resistance. Phase I sheets and foils of AL20-25 +Nb have much more creep-resistance than 347 steel at 700-750 degrees C, and those foils are slightly stronger than HR120 and HR230. Results for Phase 2 showed nearly double the creep-rupture life of sheets at 750 degrees C/100 MPa, and similar improvements in foils. Creep data show that Phase 2 foils of AL20-25 +Nb alloy have creep resistance approaching that of alloy 625 foils. Testing at about 750 degrees C in flowing turbine exhaust gas for 500 h in the ORNL Recuperator Test Facility shows that foils of AL20-25+Nb alloy have oxidation-resistance similar to HR120 alloy, and lunch better than 347 steel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maziaszpj@ornl.gov RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3 BP 798 EP 805 DI 10.1115/1.2718569 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 194QJ UT WOS:000248358600022 ER PT J AU Spanos, PD Beer, M Red-Horse, J AF Spanos, Pol D. Beer, Michael Red-Horse, John TI Karhunen-loeve expansion of stochastic processes with a modified exponential covariance kernel SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB The spectral representation of stationary stochastic processes via the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) expansion is examined from a numerical efficiency perspective. Attention is focused on processes which have commonly been characterized by covariance kernels decaying exponentially versus the position/time delay variable. By introducing a slight modification in the mathematical description of this covariance kernel, the nondifferentiability at its peak is eliminated, whereas most of its advantageous properties are retained. It is shown that compared to the common exponential model, the requisite number of terms for representing the process in context with the modified kernel is significantly smaller. The effect is demonstrated by means of a specific numerical example. This is done by first determining the eigenfunctions/eigenvalues associated with the KL expansion for the modified kernel model, and by afterwards estimating the approximation errors corresponding to the two kernels considered for specific numerical values. Clearly, the enhanced computational efficiency of the KL expansion associated with the modified kernel can significantly expedite its incorporation in stochastic finite elements and other areas of stochastic mechanics. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spanos, PD (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Civil & Environm Engn, MS 321,POB 1892, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM spanos@rice.edu; cvebm@nus.edu.sg; jrredho@sandia.gov RI Rahman, S M Mizanoor/C-2226-2011; Ong, Chin Chin/C-2222-2011; Liao, Fang/E-6654-2011; shigang, zhou/E-6845-2011; hua, yi/E-6854-2011; Kyi, Yu Yu/E-6859-2011; Chow, Chai Khim/C-3379-2011 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:(773) PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198SS UT WOS:000248648400004 ER PT J AU Field, RV Grigoriu, M AF Field, R. V., Jr. Grigoriu, M. TI Model selection in applied science and engineering: A decision-theoretic approach SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY AB Mathematical models are developed and used to study the properties of complex systems in just about every area of applied science and engineering. Information on the system being modeled is, in general, incomplete, so that there may be two or more models consistent with the available information. The collection of these models is called the class of candidate models. A decision-theoretic method is developed for selecting the optimal member from the collection. The optimal model depends on the available information, the class of candidate models, and the model use. The candidate models may be deterministic or random. Classical methods for model selection, including the method of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, are briefly reviewed. These methods ignore model use and require data to be available. In addition, examples are used to show that classical methods for model selection can be unreliable in the sense that they can deliver unsatisfactory models when data is limited. The proposed decision-theoretic method for model selection does not have these limitations. The method accounts for model use via a utility function. This feature is especially important when modeling high-risk systems where the consequences of using an inappropriate model for the system can be disastrous. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rvfield@sandia.gov; mdgl2@comell.edu OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2007 VL 133 IS 7 BP 780 EP 791 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:(780) PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 198SS UT WOS:000248648400005 ER PT J AU Saito, H McKenna, SA AF Saito, Hirotaka McKenna, Sean A. TI Delineating high-density areas in spatial Poisson fields from striptransect sampling using indicator geostatistics: Application to unexploded ordnance removal SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE point count data; indicator ordinary kriging; low-pass filter; geophysical anomaly ID POINT-PROCESSES; FINITE DOMAIN; FEATURES AB An approach for delineating high anomaly density areas within a mixture of two or more spatial Poisson fields based on limited sample data collected along strip transects was developed. All sampled anomalies were transformed to anomaly count data and indicator kriging was used to estimate the probability of exceeding a threshold value derived from the cdf of the background homogeneous Poisson field. The threshold value was determined so that the delineation of high-density areas was optimized. Additionally, a low-pass filter was applied to the transect data to enhance such segmentation. Example calculations were completed using a controlled military model site, in which accurate delineation of clusters of unexploded ordnance (UXO) was required for site cleanup. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Saito, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM hirotaka.saito@ucr.edu; samcken@sandia.gov RI Saito, Hirotaka/C-1911-2013 OI Saito, Hirotaka/0000-0002-9458-008X NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 84 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.05.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 173YQ UT WOS:000246908800008 PM 16824672 ER PT J AU Bradman, A Whitaker, D Quiros, L Castorina, R Henn, BC Nishioka, M Morgan, J Barr, DB Harnly, M Brisbin, JA Sheldon, LS Mckone, TE Eskenazi, B AF Bradman, Asa Whitaker, Donald Quiros, Lesliam Castorina, Rosemary Henn, Birgit Claus Nishioka, Marcia Morgan, Jeffrey Barr, Dana B. Harnly, Martha Brisbin, Judith A. Sheldon, Linda S. Mckone, Thomas E. Eskenazi, Brenda TI Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the Salinas Valley, CA SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; children; exposure; agriculture; union suits ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; AGGREGATE EXPOSURES; NATIONAL CHILDRENS; WASHINGTON-STATE; HOUSEHOLD DUST; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB In support of planning efforts for the National Children's Study, we conducted a study to test field methods for characterizing pesticide exposures to 20 farmworker children aged 5-27 months old living in the Salinas Valley of Monterey County, California. We tested methods for collecting house dust, indoor and outdoor air, dislodgeable residues from surfaces and toys, residues on clothing (sock and union suits), food, as well as spot and overnight diaper urine samples. We measured 29 common agricultural and home use pesticides in multiple exposure media samples. A subset of organophosphorus (OP), organochlorine (OC) and pyrethroid pesticides were measured in food. We also analyzed urine samples for OP pesticide metabolites. Finally, we administered four field-based exposure assessment instruments: a questionnaire; food diary; home inspection; and a self-administered child activity timeline. Pesticides were detected more frequently in house dust, surface wipes, and clothing than other media, with chlorpyrifos, diazinon, chlorthal-dimethyl, and cis- and trans-permethrin detected in 90% to 100% of samples. Levels of four of these five pesticides were positively correlated among the house dust, sock, and union suit samples (Spearman's rho = 0.18-0.76). Pesticide loading on socks and union suits was higher for the group of 10 toddlers compared to the 10 younger crawling children. Several OP pesticides, as well as 4,4'- DDE, atrazine, and dieldrin were detected in the food samples. The child activity timeline, a novel, low-literacy instrument based on pictures, was successfully used by our participants. Future uses of these data include the development of pesticide exposure models and risk assessment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bradman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abradman@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /Q-4928-2016 OI Quiros-Alcala, Lesliam /0000-0002-6600-7227 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009605] NR 67 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 331 EP 349 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500507 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 192OL UT WOS:000248211400005 PM 16736054 ER PT J AU Strakey, PA Yip, MJ AF Strakey, P. A. Yip, M. J. TI Experimental and numerical investigation of a swirl stabilized premixed combustor under cold-flow conditions SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB Planar velocity measurements under cold-flow conditions in a swirl-stabilized dump combustor typical of land-based gas turbine combustors were carried out using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV). Axial, radial, and tangential velocity components were measured sequentially using two experimental col figurations. Mean and root-mean-squared velocity components are presented along with instantaneous realizations of the flowfield. A numerical study of the flow field using large-eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) techniques was conducted in an effort to help understand the complex hydrodynamics observed in the experiments. The agreement between the experimental data and LES simulation was good with both showing evidence of a precessing vortex core. The results of the RANS simulation were not as encouraging. The results provide a fundamental understanding of the complex flowfield associated with the relatively simple geometry and also serve as a baseline validation dataset for further numerical simulations of the current geometry. Validation of LES models in a highly swirled, nonreacting flowfield such as the work presented here is an essential step towards more accurate prediction in a reacting environment. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Strakey, PA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM peter.strakey@netl.doe.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 7 BP 942 EP 953 DI 10.1115/1.2743665 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 190PI UT WOS:000248070900015 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Markatou, M Zeremski, M Haller, I Ribeiro, RM Licholai, T Perelson, AS Talal, AH AF Dahari, Harel Markatou, Marianthi Zeremski, Marija Haller, Ivan Ribeiro, Ruy M. Licholai, Teresa Perelson, Alan S. Talal, Andrew H. TI Early ribavirin pharmacokinetics, HCV RNA and alanine aminotransferase kinetics in HIV/HCV co-infected patients during treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ribavirin; pharmacokinetics; hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection; hepatitis C virus; treatment outcome biomarkers ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; ALPHA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMBINATION THERAPY; PEGINTERFERON; ERYTHROCYTES; COINFECTION; DISPOSITION; PREDICTION; TRIAL AB Background/Aims: We evaluated whether early ribavirin pharmacokinetics differ comparing hepatitis C/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected sustained virological responders and nonresponders. Methods: Twenty-four treatment-naive coinfected patients received pegylated-interferon alfa-2b (12 kDa) (1.5 mu g/kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin (13.6 mg/kg/d) for up to 48 weeks. Serum HCV RNA, serum alanine aminotransferase, and plasma ribavirin levels were measured frequently during the first 16 days of therapy and monthly thereafter. Results: Six patients were sustained responders. During the first 4 weeks of treatment, median plasma ribavirin levels and area under the ribavirin curve were significantly lower (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively) in sustained responders compared with nonresponders. Compared to ribavirin levels at weeks 2 and 4, ribavirin levels in sustained responders continued to increase significantly until week 8 (p < 0.02). At week 4, hemoglobin declines were significantly (p = 0.002) greater in sustained responders than nonresponders. At week 1, serum HCV RNA levels and changes in alanine aminotransferase levels relative to baseline could identify likely responders better than plasma ribavirin levels. Conclusions: We conjecture that intracellular ribavirin accumulation may be enhanced early in treatment in coinfected sustained responders, although this hypothesis should be investigated further. At week 1, serum HCV RNA and changes in alanine amino transfe rase levels relative to baseline might identify likely responders. (c) 2007 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Ctr Study Hepatitis C, New York, NY 10021 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. RP Talal, AH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aht2002@med.cornell.edu OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00047, M01 RR000047, M01 RR000047-440637, P20 RR018754, R01 RR006555, RR06555, RR18754]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI065256] NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.01.027 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 185JG UT WOS:000247706700006 PM 17412448 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Wing, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Namsoo, T Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Adbullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Dossanov, A Drugakov, V Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Huttmann, A Kahle, B Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, R Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Notz, D Rinaldi, L Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohman, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J Forrest, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schoner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Brzozwska, B Ciborowski, J Grezelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yagues Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Goers, S. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H.-P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A.E. Paul, E. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Cottrell, A. Devenish, R. C. E. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Wing, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Namsoo, T. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Adbullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Dossanov, A. Drugakov, V. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Huettmann, A. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, R. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Notz, D. Rinaldi, L. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohman, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Ferrando, J. Forrest, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoener-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Brzozwska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grezelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA Zeus Collaboration TI Measurement of D mesons production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lepton-nucleon scattering ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; CROSS-SECTIONS; D-ASTERISK(+/-) PRODUCTION; O(ALPHA-S) CORRECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PARTICLE PHYSICS; EVENT GENERATOR; EP SCATTERING AB Charm production in deep inelastic scattering has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 82pb(-1). Charm has been tagged by reconstructing D*(+), D-0, D+ and D-s(+) (+c.c.) charm mesons. The charm hadrons were measured in the kinematic range p(T)(D*(+), D-0, D+) > 3GeV, p(T)(D-s(+)) > 2GeV and vertical bar eta(D)vertical bar < 1.6 for 1.5 < Q(2) < 1000GeV(2) and 0.02 < y < 0.7. The production cross sections were used to extract charm fragmentation ratios and the fraction of c quarks hadronising in to a particular charm meson in the kinematic range considered. The cross sections were compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD, and extrapolated to the full kinematic region in p(T)(D) and eta(D) in order to determine the open-charm contribution, F-2(c (c) over bar) ( x,Q(2)), to the proton structure function F-2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Solid State Phys Lab, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Hudson, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Athens, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Kek Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Daegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, Louvain, Belgium. Warsaw Univ, Inst Exptl Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Inst Theoret & Exptl Med, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520 NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 IS 7 AR 074 PG 38 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 200RS UT WOS:000248781100015 ER PT J AU Freitas, A Skands, P Spira, M Zerwas, PM AF Freitas, Ayres Skands, Peter Spira, Michael Zerwas, Peter M. TI Examining the identity of Yukawa with gauge couplings in supersymmetric QCD at LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry phenomenology; supersymmetric standard model; beyond standard mode ID HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; LINEAR COLLIDERS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; SLEPTON PRODUCTION; STANDARD MODEL; CROSS-SECTION; E(+)E(-); SYSTEM; MSSM; ILC AB The identity of the quark-squark-gluino Yukawa coupling with the corresponding quark-quark-gluon QCD coupling in supersymmetric theories can be examined experimentally at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC).Extending earlier investigations of like-sign di-lepton final states, we include jets in the analysis of the minimal supersymmetric standard model,adding squark-gluino and gluino-pair production to squark-pair production. Moreover we expand the method towards model-independent analyses which cover more general scenarios. In all cases, squark decays to light charginos and neutralinos persist to play a dominant role. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Deutsch Elektronensynchrotron DESY439, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Freitas, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM afreitas@physik.unizh.ch; skands@fnal.gov; michael.spira@psi.ch; zerwas@desy.de NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 IS 7 AR 025 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 200RS UT WOS:000248781100064 ER PT J AU Grozin, AG Huber, T Maitre, D AF Grozin, Andrey G. Huber, Tobias Maitre, Daniel TI On one master integral for three-loop on-shell HQET propagators diagrams with mass SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO computations; QCD; heavy quark physics ID INVERSE BINOMIAL SUMS; RENORMALIZATION; EXPANSION; VALUES AB An exact expression for the master integral I-2 [1] arising in three-loop on-shell HQET propagator diagrams with mass is derived and its analytical expansion in the dimensional regularization parameter epsilon is given. C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Grozin, AG (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. EM A.G.Grozin@inp.nsk.su; thuber@physik.rwth-aachen.de; maitreda@slac.stanford.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 IS 7 AR 033 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 200RS UT WOS:000248781100056 ER PT J AU Horava, P Keeler, CA AF Horava, Petr Keeler, Cynthia A. TI Noncritical M-theory in 2+1 dimensions as a nonrelativistic Fermi liquid SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE M-theory; superstrings and heterotic strings; matrix models; m(atrix) theories ID 2-DIMENSIONAL STRING THEORY; DEFORMED MATRIX MODEL; EXACT S-MATRIX; FIELD-THEORY; BLACK-HOLE; BOSONIZATION; GRAVITY AB We claim that the dynamics of noncritical string theories in tow dimensions is related to an underlying noncritical version of M-theory, which we define in terms of double-scaled nonrelativistic Fermi liquid in 2+1 dimensions. After reproducing Type 0A and 0B string theories as soloutions, we study the natural M-theory vacuum. The vacuum energy of this solution can be evaluated exactly, its form suggesting a duality to the Debye model of phonons in a melting solid, and a possible topological nature of the theory. The physical spacetime is emergent in this theory, only for states that admit a hydrodynamic description. Among the solutions of the hydrodynamic equations of motion for the Fermi surface, we find families describing the decay of one two-dimensional string theory into another via an intermediate M-theory phase. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Horava, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM horava@berkeley.edu; ckeeler@berkeley.edu NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 IS 7 AR 059 PG 43 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 200RS UT WOS:000248781100030 ER PT J AU Anderson, K Arabidze, G Blumenschein, U Da Silva, P Dotti, A Schlager, G Schlereth, J Solov'yanov, O Teuscher, R Vivarelli, I AF Anderson, K. Arabidze, G. Blumenschein, U. Da Silva, P. Dotti, A. Schlager, G. Schlereth, J. Solov'yanov, O. Teuscher, R. Vivarelli, I. TI A mobile data acquisition system SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE front-end electronics for detector readout; control and monitor systems online AB A mobile data aquisition (MobiDAQ) was developed for the ATLAS central hadronic calorimeter (TileCal). MobiDAQ has been designed in order to test the functionalities of the TileCal front-end electronics and to acquire calibration data before the final back-end electronics were built and tested. MobiDAQ was also used to record the first cosmic ray events acquired by an ATLAS subdetector in the underground experimental area. C1 [Dotti, A.; Vivarelli, I.] Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Anderson, K.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60627 USA. [Arabidze, G.] Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Blumenschein, U.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Fac Ciencies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Da Silva, P.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Schlager, G.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Schlereth, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Solov'yanov, O.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Fed, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Teuscher, R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Vivarelli, I (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Edificio C Polo Fibonacci Largo B Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM iacopo.vivarelli@pi.infn.it OI Vivarelli, Iacopo/0000-0003-0097-123X NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 2 AR P07002 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/2/07/P07002 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 269LZ UT WOS:000253651800003 ER PT J AU Liu, YT Das, S Olszewski, RE Carpenter, DA Culiat, CT Sundberg, JP Soteropoulos, P Liu, XC Doktycz, MJ Michaud, EJ Voy, BH AF Liu, Yutao Das, Suchita Olszewski, Robert E. Carpenter, Donald A. Culiat, Cymbeline T. Sundberg, John P. Soteropoulos, Patricia Liu, Xiaochen Doktycz, Mitchel J. Michaud, Edward J. Voy, Brynn H. TI The near-naked hairless (Hr(N)) mutation disrupts hair formation but is not due to a mutation in the hairless coding region SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COREPRESSOR; MARIE-UNNA HYPOTRICHOSIS; KERATIN GENE-EXPRESSION; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; FOLLICLE DIFFERENTIATION; DOWN-REGULATION; SKIN PHENOTYPE; NUDE-MICE; HR GENE; MOUSE AB Near-naked hairless (Hr(N)) is a semi-dominant, spontaneous mutation that was suggested by allelism testing to be allelic with mouse Hairless (Hr). HrN mice differ from other Hr mutants in that hair loss appears as the postnatal coat begins to emerge, rather than as an inability to regrow hair after the first catagen and that the mutation displays semi-dominant inheritance. We sequenced the Hr cDNA in Hr(N)/Hr(N) mice and characterized the pathological and molecular phenotypes to identify the basis for hair loss in this model. Hr(N)/Hr(N) mice exhibit dystrophic hairs that are unable to emerge consistently from the hair follicle, whereas Hr(N)/+ mice display a sparse coat of hair and a milder degree of follicular dystrophy than their homozygous littermates. DNA microarray analysis of cutaneous gene expression demonstrates that numerous genes are downregulated in HrN/HrN mice, primarily genes important for hair structure. By contrast, Hr expression is significantly increased. Sequencing the Hr-coding region, intron-exon boundaries, 5'- and 3'-untranslated region, and immediate upstream region did not reveal the underlying mutation. Therefore, HrN does not appear to be an allele of Hr but may result from a mutation in a closely linked gene or from a regulatory mutation in Hr. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Ctr Appl Genom, Newark, NJ USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Voy, BH (reprint author), POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM voybh@ornl.gov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00173] NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 127 IS 7 BP 1605 EP 1614 DI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700755 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 184YB UT WOS:000247677400015 PM 17330134 ER PT J AU Akimov, AV Yakovlev, DR Scherbakov, AV Merkulov, IA AF Akimov, Andrey V. Yakovlev, Dmitri R. Scherbakov, Alexey V. Merkulov, Igor A. TI Luminescence studies of spin dynamics in magnetic semiconductor nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic semiconductors; spin dynamics ID LATTICE-RELAXATION; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; QUANTUM-WELLS; FIELDS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CD1-XMNXTE; INJECTION; ALIGNMENT; POLARONS AB A review is given on the recent studies of spin dynamics in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells. The experiments are using time-resolved photo luminescence techniques to study: spin-lattice relaxation of magnetic Mn2+ ions; spin interaction between free carriers and magnetic ions; spin diffusion in the magnetic ion system. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Akimov, AV (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM Akimov.os@mail.ioffe.ru NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.08.057 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 154HG UT WOS:000245496900002 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Meng, WJ Sinclair, GB Lara-Curzio, E AF Jiang, J. Meng, W. J. Sinclair, G. B. Lara-Curzio, E. TI Further experiments and modeling for microscale compression molding of metals at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INSERTS; FABRICATION; CREEP; PB AB Replication of metallic high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMS) by compression molding has been demonstrated recently. Molding replication of metallic HARMS can potentially lead to low-cost fabrication of a wide variety of metal-based microdevices. Understanding the mechanics of metal micromolding is critical for assessing the capabilities and limitations of this replication technique. This paper presents results of instrumented micromolding of At. Measured molding response was rationalized with companion high-temperature tensile testing of At using a simple mechanics model of the micromolding process. The present results suggest that resisting pressure on the mold insert during micromolding is governed primarily by the yield stress of the molded metal at the molding temperature and a frictional traction on the sides of the insert. The influence of strain rate is also considered. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meng, WJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wmeng@me.lsu.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1839 EP 1848 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0252 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186QX UT WOS:000247794300011 ER PT J AU Mang, JT Hjelm, RP Son, SF Peterson, PD Jorgensen, BS AF Mang, Joseph T. Hjelm, Rex P. Son, Steven F. Peterson, Paul D. Jorgensen, Betty S. TI Characterization of components of nano-energetics by small-angle scattering techniques SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON-BLACK; SILICA; NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSIONS; COLLOIDS; POWDERS; SHEAR AB Small-angle scattering (SAS) and ultra small-angle scattering techniques, employing x-rays and neutrons, were used to characterize six different aluminum nanopowders and nanopowders composed of molybdenum trioxide and tungsten trioxide nanoparticles. Each material has different primary particle morphology and aggregate and agglomerate geometry, and each is important to the development of nano-energetic materials. The combination of small-angle and ultra small-angle techniques allowed a wide range of length scales to be probed, providing a more complete characterization of the materials. For the aluminum-based materials, differences in the scattering of x-rays and neutrons from aluminum and aluminum oxide provided sensitivity to the metal core and metal oxide shell structure of the primary nanoparticles. Small-angle scattering was able to discriminate between particle size and shape and agglomerate and aggregate geometry, allowing analysis of both aspects of the structure. Using the results of these analyses and guided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, physical models were developed, allowing for a quantitative determination of particle morphology, mean nanoparticle size, nanoparticle size distribution, surface layer thickness, and aggregate and agglomerate fractal dimension. Particle size distributions calculated using a maximum entropy algorithm or by assuming a log-normal particle size distribution function were comparable. Surface area and density determinations from the small-angle scattering measurements were comparable to those obtained from other, more commonly used analytical techniques: gas sorption using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and helium pycnometry. Particle size distribution functions derived from the SAS measurements agreed well with those obtained from SEM. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mang, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jtmang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1907 EP 1920 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0230 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186QX UT WOS:000247794300018 ER PT J AU Yin, M Chen, ZY Deegan, B O'Brien, S AF Yin, Ming Chen, Zhuoying Deegan, Brian O'Brien, Stephen TI Wustite nanocrystals: Synthesis, structure and superlattice formation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; STOICHIOMETRIC IRON MONOXIDE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; OXIDE NANOCRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTOR; REDUCTION; SYMMETRY AB Monodisperse ligand-capped cubic wustiteb FexO nanocrystals were prepared by a novel thermal decomposition method of iron (II) acetate in the presence of oleic acid as the surfactant. Controlled size distributions of cubic nanoparticles possessing the rock salt crystal structure were isolated in the range 10-18 nm. The influence of molar ratio of surfactant to precursor was investigated to understand size control and monodispersity. Using inexpensive, nontoxic metal salts as reactants, we were able to synthesize gram-scale quantities of relatively monodisperse nanocrystals in a single reaction, without further size selection, characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The procedure enables the collection of samples of uniform size as a function of time, thus permitting a preliminary solid-state kinetic analysis of the reaction as a function of increasing particle size. Following controlled evaporation from nonpolar solvents, self-assembly into two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional single-component superlattices, and binary superlattices with gold nanoparticles were observed and characterized. C1 Columbia Univ, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Brien, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM so188@columbia.edu RI bartelsdoe, ludwig/F-8008-2011; O'Brien, Stephen/D-7682-2013; Chen, Zhuoying/N-5201-2015 OI Chen, Zhuoying/0000-0002-2535-5962 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1987 EP 1995 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0247 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 186QX UT WOS:000247794300028 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Saw, CK Ferreira, JL Harper, JS Hayes, JP Pint, BA AF Jankowski, Alan F. Saw, Cheng K. Ferreira, James L. Harper, Jennifer S. Hayes, Jeffrey P. Pint, Bruce A. TI Morphology, microstructure, and residual stress in EBPVD erbia coatings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXIDE COATINGS; INSULATING COATINGS; THICK SUBSTRATE; YTTRIUM-OXIDE; FILMS; FABRICATION; BLANKETS; GAAS AB The electron-beam physical vapor deposition of erbium-oxide coatings onto sapphire wafers is investigated to evaluate processing effects on the residual stress state and microstructure. The erbium-oxide coatings are found to be in a compressive stress state. The crystallographic texture of the erbium-oxide coating is evaluated using X-ray diffraction along with an assessment of forming the cubic erbia phase as a function of substrate temperature. In addition to the cubic erbia phase, an orthorhombic phase is found at the lower deposition temperatures. A transition is found from a two-phase erbium-oxide coating to a single phase at deposition temperatures above 948 K. The variation in morphology with deposition temperature observed in fracture cross-sections is consistent with features of the classic zone growth models for vapor-deposited oxide coatings. For high-temperature applications, a deposition process temperature above 948 K is seen to produce a stoichiometric, fully dense, and equiaxed-polycrystalline coating of cubic erbia. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop L-352,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM alan.jankowski@ttu.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5722 EP 5727 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0658-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 188UA UT WOS:000247943600062 ER PT J AU Bender, CM Bender, MA AF Bender, Carl M. Bender, Michael A. TI Optimal shape of a blob SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the solution to the following optimization problem: What is the shape of the two-dimensional region that minimizes the average L-p distance between all pairs of points if the area of this region is held fixed? Variational techniques are used to show that the boundary curve of the optimal region satisfies a nonlinear integral equation. The special case p=2 is elementary and for this case the integral equation reduces to a differential equation whose solution is a circle. Two nontrivial special cases, p=1 and p=infinity, have already been examined in the literature. For these two cases the integral equation reduces to nonlinear second-order differential equations, one of which contains a quadratic nonlinearity and the other a cubic nonlinearity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Bender, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmb@wustl.edu; bender@cs.sunysb.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 AR 073518 DI 10.1063/1.2752008 PG 9 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 196MF UT WOS:000248486000039 ER PT J AU Barber, RL Ghantasala, MK Divan, R Mancini, DC Harvey, EC AF Barber, Richard L. Ghantasala, Muralidhar K. Divan, Ralu Mancini, Derrick C. Harvey, Erol C. TI Study of stress and adhesion strength in SU-8 resist layers on silicon substrate with different seed layers SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE SU-8; deep x-ray lithography (DXRL); adhesion strength; internal stresses; seed layers ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO; UV-PHOTORESIST; MEMS; OPTIMIZATION; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEMS; LIGA AB We present the details of our study on the internal stresses and adhesion strengths of SU-8 structures to different substrate seed layers. The effect of adhesion promoter -methacryloxy (propl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), and OmniCoat -and different seed layer combinations (Ti/Cu/Ti, Ti/Cu, Cr/Au, and Cr/Au/Cr) was examined for internal stress and adhesion strength in 650-mu m-thick SU-8 films. Increased stress and poor adhesion have led to the delamination of SU-8 in some cases. Adhesion and stress have proven to be the function of process parameters such as soft bake (time and temperature), exposure dose, post-exposure bake (time and temperature), and development time. We have found that a (100) silicon wafer containing a titanium-coppertitanium (Ti/Cu/Ti) seed layer with MPTS as the adhesion promoter yielded a thick SU-8 film with a lower value of stress and consequently better adhesion for processing in deep x-ray lithography (DXRL). A detailed correlation of the effects of adhesion and internal stress on the SU-8 film is discussed. An analysis of the possible chemical bonding interactions occurring between SU-8, and its adhesion promoter and/or substrate is also presented. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Swinburne Univ Technol, Ind Res Inst Swinburne, Fac Engn & Ind Sci, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ind Res Inst Swinburne, CRC Micro Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barber, RL (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ind Res Inst Swinburne, Fac Engn & Ind Sci, POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM m.ghantasala@wmich.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 6 IS 3 AR 033006 DI 10.1117/1.2778644 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 225WZ UT WOS:000250550200018 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Roh, Y Lauf, RJ Vali, H Yeary, LW Phelps, TJ AF Moon, Ji-Won Roh, Yul Lauf, Robert J. Vali, Hojatollah Yeary, Lucas W. Phelps, Tommy J. TI Microbial preparation of metal-substituted magnetite nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE metal-substituted magnetite; mixed-metal precursor; Shewanella sp strain PV-4; Thermoanaerobacter sp TOR-39 ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; MICROFLUIDIC APPLICATIONS; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM; DEEP SUBSURFACE; REDUCTION; IRON; HYPERTHERMIA AB A microbial process that exploits the ability of iron-reducing microorganisms to produce copious amounts of extra-cellular metal (M)-substituted magnetite nanoparticles using akaganeite and dopants of dissolved form has previously been reported. The objectives of this study were to develop methods for producing M-substituted magnetite nanoparticles with a high rate of metal substitution by biological processes and to identify factors affecting the production of nano-crystals. The thermophilic and psychrotolerant iron-reducing bacteria had the ability to form M-substituted magnetite nano-crystals (MyFe3-yO4) from a doped precursor, mixed-M iron oxyhydroxide, (MxFe1-xOOH, x <= 0.5, M is Mn, Zn, Ni, Co and Cr). Within the range of 0.01 <= x <= 0.3, using the mixed precursor material enabled the microbial synthesis of more heavily substituted magnetite compared to the previous method, in which the precursor was pure akaganeite and the dopants were present as soluble metal salts. The mixed precursor method was especially advantageous in the case of toxic metals such as Cr and Ni. Also this new method increased the production rate and magnetic properties of the product, while improving crystallinity, size control and scalability. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. McGill Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inorgan & Integrat Technol, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.012 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 191DG UT WOS:000248109500019 PM 17532071 ER PT J AU Betz, O Wegst, U Weide, D Heethoff, M Helfen, L Lee, WK Cloetens, P AF Betz, Oliver Wegst, Ulrike Weide, Daniela Heethoff, Michael Helfen, Lukas Lee, Wah-Keat Cloetens, Peter TI Imaging applications of synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast microtomography in biological morphology and biomaterials science. 1. General aspects of the technique and its advantages in the analysis of millimetre-sized arthropod structure SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Arthropoda; biomaterials science; chrysomelidae; Halticinae; Insecta; jumping; microtomography; morphology; Oribatida; synchrotron; tomography; X-ray ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; LONGISETOSUS ACARI; RADIATION; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; RECONSTRUCTION; FLUORESCENCE; ORIBATIDA; EVOLUTION AB Synchrotron-generated X-rays provide scientists with a multitude of investigative techniques well suited for the analysis of the composition and structure of all types of materials and specimens. Here, we describe the properties of synchrotron-generated X-rays and the advantages that they provide for qualitative morphological research of millimetre-sized biological organisms and biomaterials. Case studies of the anatomy of insect heads, of whole microarthropods and of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the cuticular tendons of jumping beetles, all performed at the beamline fl)19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). are presented to illustrate the techniques of phase-contrast tomography available for anatomical and structural investigations. Various sample preparation techniques are described and compared and experimental settings that we have found to be particularly successful are given. On comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the technique with traditional histological thin sectioning, we conclude that synchrotron radiation microtomography has a great potential in biological microanatomy. C1 Univ Tubingen, Zool Inst, Abt Evolutionsbiol Invertebraten, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Metallforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ISS ANKA, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Betz, O (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Zool Inst, Abt Evolutionsbiol Invertebraten, Auf Morgenstelle 28E, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM oliver.betz@uni-tuebingen.de NR 84 TC 131 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 51 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01785.x PG 21 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 195YM UT WOS:000248448400007 PM 17635659 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Miller, JH Gutowski, M AF Haranczyk, Maciej Miller, John H. Gutowski, Maciej TI Differences in electrostatic potential around DNA fragments containing adenine and 8-oxo-adenine An analysis based on regular cylindrical projection SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE oxidative DNA damage; 8-oxo-adenine; electrostatic potential ID DAMAGE; GLYCOSYLASE; DENSITY; CARCINOGENESIS; RECOGNITION; SIMILARITY; MECHANISM; EXCHANGE; CHARGES; CANCER AB Changes of electrostatic potential (EP) around the DNA molecule resulting from chemical modifications of nucleotides may play a role in enzymatic recognition of damaged sites. Effects of chemical modifications of nucleotides on the structure of DNA have been characterized through large scale density functional theory computations. Quantum mechanical structural optimizations of DNA fragments with three pairs of nucleotides and accompanying counteractions were performed with a B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and 6-3 1G(d,p) basis sets. The "intact" DNA fragment contained adenine in the middle layer, while the "damaged" fragment had the adenine replaced with 8-oxo-adenine. The electrostatic potential around these DNA fragments was projected on a cylindrical surface around the double helix. The two-dimensional maps of EP of the intact and damaged DNA fragments were analyzed to identify these modifications of EP that result from the occurrence of 8-oxo-adenine (8oA). It was found that distortions of a phosphate group neighboring 8oA and displacements of the accompanying countercation are clearly reflected in the EP maps. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM maharan@chem.univ.gda.pl; jhmiller@tricity.wsu.edu; m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2006.12.005 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 198RZ UT WOS:000248646500026 PM 17224288 ER PT J AU Liu, GL Rosa-Bauza, YT Salisbury, CM Craik, C Ellman, JA Chen, FQF Lee, LP AF Liu, Gang L. Rosa-Bauza, Yazmin T. Salisbury, Cleo M. Craik, Charles Ellman, Jonathan A. Chen, Fanqing Frank Lee, Luke P. TI Peptide-nanoparticle hybrid SERS probes for optical detection of protease activity SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); nanoprobe; protease; prostate cancer; prostate specific antigen (PSA); proteolytically active PSA ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER; PSA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBSTRATE; INHIBITOR; DISEASE; HK3 AB Real-time in situ detection of active proteases is crucial for early-stage cancer screening and cell signaling pathway study; however, it is difficult to achieve using fluorescence or radioactive probes at volumes below 1 nL. Here we demonstrated a hybrid optical probe by incorporating nanocrescent particle and peptides with artificial tag molecules. We performed a proof-of-concept study using prostate specific antigen (PSA), one of the most prominent prostate cancer markers, and a serine protease present in patients' seminal fluid and serum. The Raman spectral signal from the tag molecules is enhanced by the nanocrescent and the signal is monitored as the indicator for peptide cleavage in a femtoliter reaction volume, at levels close to a single proteolytically active PSA molecule. The high reaction specificity of the peptides on individual nanoparticles minimizes the false detection of other serine proteases and background Raman signal, which results in a high-fidelity and high-signal-to-noise-ratio cancer nanoprobe that can be easily incorporated into nano/microfluidic devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Biomol Nanotechnol Ctr, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lee, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA89520, R1CA95393, P01 CA72006] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2323 EP 2330 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.444 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 165ZY UT WOS:000246347700016 PM 17663247 ER PT J AU Yu, Z McKnight, TE Ericson, MN Melechko, AV Simpson, ML Morrison, B AF Yu, Zhe McKnight, Timothy E. Ericson, M. Nance Melechko, Anatoli V. Simpson, Michael L. Morrison, Barclay TI Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber array: A new type of microelectrode array for electrophysiological recording SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual National-Neurotrauma-Society Symposium CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Kansas City, MO SP Natl Neurotrauma Soc C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Yu, Zhe/K-6180-2013; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Yu, Zhe/0000-0002-1401-2294; Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 MA P22 BP 1235 EP 1235 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 186DV UT WOS:000247760200036 ER PT J AU Adeleye, A Shoshan, Y Trembovler, V Biegon, A Rotem, N Yaka, R Shohami, E AF Adeleye, Amos Shoshan, Yigal Trembovler, Victoria Biegon, Anat Rotem, Naama Yaka, Rami Shohami, Esther TI Late activation of nmda receptors improves recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual National-Neurotrauma-Society Symposium CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2007 CL Kansas City, MO SP Natl Neurotrauma Soc C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 MA P28 BP 1236 EP 1236 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 186DV UT WOS:000247760200041 ER PT J AU Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Peker, A Liaw, PK Horton, JA AF Morrison, M. L. Buchanan, R. A. Peker, A. Liaw, P. K. Horton, J. A. TI Electrochemical behavior of a Ti-based bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals; metallic glasses; alloys; biomaterials; corrosion; electrochemical properties; glasses; scanning electron microscopy ID ZR65AL7.5NI10CU17.5 AMORPHOUS ALLOY; PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SOLUTION; ANODIC POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; DENTAL CASTING ALLOYS; CELL-CULTURE MEDIUM; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; LOCALIZED CORROSION; TITANIUM; ION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB In this study, potentiodynamic experiments were conducted with a Ti-based BMG alloy with a nominal composition of Ti43.3Zr21.7Ni7.5Be27.5 [atomic percent (at.%)], commonly known as LM-010. Electrochemical characterization was performed in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte at 37 degrees C with a physiologically relevant dissolved oxygen content. This BMG exhibited passive behavior at the open-circuit potential with a low mean corrosion-penetration rate. A susceptibility to localized corrosion was observed but is not a concern at the open-circuit potentials. The resistance of the LM-010 alloy to localized corrosion was statistically equivalent to, or better than, all of the BMG materials and the 316L stainless steel for which direct statistical comparisons were possible. Microscopic examination revealed that the samples predominantly exhibited many scattered, small pits (diameter,<= 100 pm) in addition to several larger pits. Based upon the pit morphology and comparisons with the literature, it appears that localized corrosion initiated at clusters of inhomogeneities within the amorphous matrix. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Liquidmet Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morrison, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mark.morrison@smith-nephew.com RI BAI, JIE/D-7448-2016; OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 58 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 22-23 BP 2115 EP 2124 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.03.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 181RO UT WOS:000247454000002 ER PT J AU Senor, D AF Senor, David TI Proceedings of the Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held in conjunction with the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS) - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Senor, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.senor@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.022 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100001 ER PT J AU Higgs, JD Thompson, WT Lewis, BJ Vogel, SC AF Higgs, J. D. Thompson, W. T. Lewis, B. J. Vogel, S. C. TI Kinetics of precipitation of U4O9 from hyperstoichiometric UO2+x SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHASE DIAGRAM; SYSTEM; REFINEMENT; PRESSURES; OXIDATION; OXIDES; LIMITS AB For safe and reliable operation of fission reactors in space, the phase diagrams and reaction kinetics of systems used as nuclear fuels, such as U-O, U-N, U-C, are required. Diffraction allows identification of phases and their weight fractions as a function of temperature in situ, with a time resolution of the order of minutes. In this paper, we will provide results from a neutron diffraction experiment studying the U-O system. Using the neutron diffractometer HIPPO, the decomposition of UO2+x into UO2 and U4O9 as a function of temperature was investigated in situ. From the diffraction data, the participating phases could be identified as UO2+x UO2 and U4O8.94 and no stoichiometric U4O9 was found. Results of the experiment were used to improve existing thermodynamic models. The presented techniques (i.e., neutron diffraction and thermodynamic modeling) are also applicable to the other systems mentioned above. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr LANSCE, Manual Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, WT (reprint author), Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, POB 170000 STN FORCES, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. EM thompson-w@rmc.ca RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.054 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100002 ER PT J AU Wheeler, K Peralta, P Parra, M McClellan, K Dunwoody, J Egeland, G AF Wheeler, K. Peralta, P. Parra, M. McClellan, K. Dunwoody, J. Egeland, G. TI Effect of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrN as a surrogate for actinide nitride fuels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID INERT-MATRIX; MINOR ACTINIDES; TRANSMUTATION; FABRICATION; BEHAVIOR; AMERICIUM AB Pellets of sintered ZrN were studied to optimize the mechanical properties and microstructures needed in nitride fuel pellets, using ZrN as a surrogate for actinide nitrides and as potential component in low fertile and inert matrix fuels. Samples were prepared via sintering in either Ar or N-2 (with and without 6% H-2) and at 1300 degrees C or 1600 degrees C. A significant difference in the hardness was measured ranging from 1000 (Kg/mm(2)) in samples sintered at 1600 degrees C in argon to 100 (Kg/mm(2)) in samples sintered at 1300 degrees C in nitrogen. Samples with 6% hydrogen added to the sintering environment experienced a decrease in hardness, as well as an increase in intergranular cracking as compared to samples sintered without hydrogen, suggesting hydrogen embrittlement. Grain size was more uniform in samples sintered in pure Ar as compared to Ar-H-2, while the latter had a larger fraction of high angle grain boundaries than the former. Cracking around indents had a clear tendency to follow high angle boundaries, which were found to be intrinsically weak in ZrN. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wheeler, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kirkwheeter@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 306 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.023 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100003 ER PT J AU Haertling, C Hanrahan, RJ AF Haertling, C. Hanrahan, R. J., Jr. TI Literature review of thermal and radiation performance parameters for high-temperature, uranium dioxide fueled cermet materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM AB High-temperature fissile-fueled cermet literature was reviewed. Data are presented primarily for the W-UO2 as this was the system most frequently studied; other reviewed systems include cermets with Mo, Re, or alloys as a matrix. Failure mechanisms for the cermets are typically degradation of mechanical integrity and loss of fuel. Mechanical failure can occur through stresses produced from dissimilar expansion coefficients, voids created from diffusion of dissimilar materials or formation of metal hydride and subsequent volume expansion. Fuel loss failure can occur by high temperature surface vaporization or by vaporization after loss of mechanical integrity. Techniques found to aid in retaining fuel include the use of coatings around UO2 fuel particles, use of oxide stabilizers in the UO2, minimizing grain sizes in the metal matrix, minimizing impurities, controlling the cermet sintering atmosphere, and cladding around the cermet. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haertling, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chaert@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 317 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.024 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100004 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Busby, JT Zinkle, SJ AF Leonard, Keith J. Busby, Jeremy T. Zinkle, Steven J. TI Aging effects on microstructural and mechanical properties of select refractory metal alloys for space-reactor applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID MO-RE ALLOYS AB Refractory alloys based on niobium, tantalum and molybdenum are potential candidate materials for structural applications in proposed space nuclear reactors. Long-term microstructural stability is a requirement of these materials for their use in this type of creep dominated application. Early work on refractory metal alloys has shown aging embrittlement occurring for some niobium and tantalum-base alloys at temperatures near 40% of their melting temperatures in either the base metal or in weldments. Other work has suggested microstructural instabilities during long-term creep testing, leading to decreased creep performance. This paper examines the effect of aging 1100 h at 1098, 1248 and 1398 K on the microstructural and mechanical properties of two niobium (Nb-1Zr and FS-85), tantalum (T-111 and ASTAR-811C) and molybdenum (Mo-41Re and Mo-47.5Re) base alloys. Changes in material properties are examined through mechanical tensile testing coupled with electrical resistivity changes and microstructural examination through optical and electron microscopy analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leonardk@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 336 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.025 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100005 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Busby, JT Zinkle, SJ AF Leonard, Keith J. Busby, Jeremy T. Zinkle, Steven J. TI Microstructural and mechanical property changes in the Ta-base T-111 alloy following thermal aging SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID TANTALUM; ZIRCONIA; BEHAVIOR AB The microstructural changes occurring in the Ta-base T-111 (Ta-2W-2Hf) alloy during 1100 h thermal aging at 1098, 1248 and 1398 K under inert atmosphere and the influence on mechanical properties are reported. Electrical resistivity, hardness and tensile properties are compared between the as-annealed and aged conditions. Microstructural evaluations were performed by optical, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An increase in the amount of grain boundary precipitation with increasing aging temperature was found to decrease the electrical resistivity and material strength. Precipitation at the grain boundaries was found to be a mixture of monoclinic and cubic structures, suggesting the development of mixed Hf oxides, carbides and nitrides. Precipitate development caused pronounced embrittlement of the alloy following aging at 1398 K. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leonardk@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.026 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100006 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Busby, JT Zinkle, SJ AF Leonard, Keith J. Busby, Jeremy T. Zinkle, Steven J. TI Microstructural and mechanical property changes with aging of Mo-41Re and Mo-47.5Re alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID MO-RE ALLOYS; MOLYBDENUM-RHENIUM ALLOYS; TUNGSTEN; CRYSTALS AB The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-41Re and Mo-47.5Re alloys were investigated following 1100 h thermal aging at 1098, 1248 and 1398 K. The electrical resistivity, hardness and tensile properties of the alloys were measured both before and after aging, along with the alloy microstructures though investigation by optical and electron microscopy techniques. The Mo-41Re alloy retained a single-phase solid solution microstructure following 1100 h aging at all temperatures, exhibiting no signs of precipitation, despite measurable changes in resistivity and hardness in the 1098 K aged material. Annealing Mo-47.5Re for 1 h at 1773 K resulted in a two-phase alpha Mo + sigma structure, with subsequent aging at 1398 K producing a further precipitation of the sigma phase along the grain boundaries. This resulted in increases in resistivity, hardness and tensile strength with a corresponding reduction in ductility. Aging Mo-47.5Re at 1098 and 1248 K led to the development of the chi phase along grain boundaries, resulting in decreased resistivity and increased hardness and tensile strength while showing no loss in ductility relative to the as-annealed material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leonardk@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.027 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100007 ER PT J AU Busby, JT Leonard, KJ Zinkle, SJ AF Busby, J. T. Leonard, K. J. Zinkle, S. J. TI Radiation-damage in molybdenum-rhenium alloys for space reactor applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Space Reactor Fuels and Materials held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Mineral, Metals, & Mat Soc, TMS Refractory Metals & Mat Comm, ASM ID MO-RE ALLOYS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; TENSILE; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSMUTATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; SEGREGATION; FRACTURE; KINETICS; HFIR AB Various Mo-Re alloys are attractive candidates for use as fuel cladding and core structural materials in spacecraft reactor applications. Molybdenum alloys with rhenium contents of 41-47.5% (wt%), in particular, have good creep resistance and ductility in both base metal and weldments. However, irradiation-induced changes such as transmutation and radiation-induced segregation could lead to precipitation and, ultimately, radiation-induced embrittlement. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of Mo-41Re and Mo-47.5Re after irradiation at space reactor relevant temperatures. Tensile specimens of Mo-41Re and Mo-47.5Re alloys were irradiated to similar to 0.7 displacements per atom (dpa) at 1073, 1223, and 1373 K and similar to 1.4 dpa at 1073 K in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Following irradiation, the specimens were strained to failure at a rate of 1 x 10(-3) s(-1) in vacuum at the irradiation temperature. In addition, unirradiated specimens and specimens aged for 1100 h at each irradiation temperature were also tested. Fracture mode of the tensile specimens was determined. The tensile tests and fractography showed severe embrittlement and IG failure with increasing temperatures above 1100 K, even at the lowest fluence. This high temperature embrittlement is likely the result of irradiation-induced changes such as transmutation and radiation-induced segregation. These factors could lead to precipitation and, ultimately, radiation-induced embrittlement. The objective of this work is to examine the irradiation-induced degradation for these Mo-Re alloys under neutron irradiation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Busby, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM busbyjt@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 3 BP 388 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2007.03.028 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 191YO UT WOS:000248168100008 ER PT J AU Coates, SSA Lehnert, BE Sharma, S Kindell, SM Gary, RK AF Coates, Shannon S. A. Lehnert, Bruce E. Sharma, Sunil Kindell, Susan M. Gary, Ronald K. TI Beryllium induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HUMAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH ARREST; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; IN-VIVO; P53; TELOMERASE; P16(INK4A); ACCUMULATION AB After cells have completed a sufficient number of cell divisions, they exit the cell cycle and enter replicative senescence. Here, we report that beryllium causes proliferation arrest with premature expression of the principal markers of senescence. After young presenescent human fibroblasts were treated with 3 mu M BeSO4 for 24 h, p21 cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor mRNA increased by >200%. Longer periods of exposure caused mRNA and protein levels to increase for both p21 and p16( Ink4a), a senescence regulator that prevents pRb- mediated cell cycle progression. BeSO4 also caused dose- dependent induction of senescence- associated beta-galactosidase activity ( SA-beta-gal). Untreated cells had 48 relative fluorescence units ( RFU)/mu g/h of SA-beta-gal, whereas 3 mu M BeSO4 caused activity to increase to 84 RFU/mu g/ h. In chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, BeSO4 caused p53 protein to associate with its DNA binding site in the promoter region of the p21 gene, indicating that p53 transcriptional activity is responsible for the large increase in p21 mRNA elicited by beryllium. Forced expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT) rendered HFL- 1 cells incapable of normal replicative senescence. However, there was no difference in the responsiveness of normal HFL- 1 fibroblasts ( IC50 = 1.9 mu M) and hTERT- immortalized cells ( IC50 = 1.7 mu M) to BeSO4 in a 9-day proliferation assay. The effects of beryllium resemble those of histone deacetylase- inhibiting drugs, which also cause large increases in p21. However, beryllium produced no changes in histone acetylation, suggesting that Be2+ acts as a novel and potent pharmacological inducer of premature senescence. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Nevada Canc Inst, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Gary, RK (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ronald.gary@unlv.edu RI Gary, Ronald/A-8650-2008 OI Gary, Ronald/0000-0001-5079-1953 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR-016464] NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 322 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.118018 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 180FO UT WOS:000247348100009 PM 17395767 ER PT J AU Arrington, J Roberts, CD Zanotti, JM AF Arrington, J. Roberts, C. D. Zanotti, J. M. TI Nucleon electromagnetic form factors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; BARYON MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; INCORPORATING CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; LATTICE QCD; PROTON SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY AB Elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors have long provided vital information about the structure and composition of these most basic elements of nuclear physics. The form factors are a measurable and physical manifestation of the nature of the nucleons' constituents and the dynamics that binds them together. Accurate form factor data obtained in recent years using modern experimental facilities has spurred a significant reevaluation of the nucleon and pictures of its structure; e.g., the role of quark orbital angular momentum, the scale at which perturbative QCD effects should become evident, the strangeness content, and meson-cloud effects. We provide a succinct survey of the experimental studies and theoretical interpretation of nucleon electromagnetic form factors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Zanotti, James/H-8128-2012; OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Zanotti, James/0000-0002-3936-1597; Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 225 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S23 EP S51 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S03 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 177ZC UT WOS:000247190000026 ER PT J AU Lee, TSH Smith, LC AF Lee, T.-S. H. Smith, L. C. TI Study of nucleon resonances with electromagnetic interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT QUARK-MODEL; TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS; PI-N SCATTERING; MESON PRODUCTION; PHOTON ENERGIES; COUPLED-CHANNEL; CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; UNITARY AB Recent developments in using electromagnetic meson production reactions to study the structure of nucleon resonances are reviewed. Possible future works are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lee@phy.anl.gov NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S83 EP S106 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S05 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 177ZC UT WOS:000247190000028 ER PT J AU Reimer, PE AF Reimer, P. E. TI Exploring the partonic structure of hadrons through the Drell-Yan process SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; LIGHT-QUARK SEA; NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; SPIN PRODUCTION ASYMMETRIES; MASSIVE MUON PAIRS; FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DIMUON PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The Drell-Yan process is a standard tool for probing the partonic structure of hadrons. Since the process proceeds through a quark-antiquark annihilation, Drell-Yan scattering possesses a unique ability to selectively probe sea distributions. This review examines the application of Drell-Yan scattering to elucidating the flavour asymmetry of the nucleon's sea and nuclear modifications to the sea quark distributions in unpolarized scattering. Polarized beams and targets add an exciting new dimension to Drell-Yan scattering. In particular, the two initial-state hadrons give Drell-Yan sensitivity to chirally odd transversity distributions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM reimer@anl.gov RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 102 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S107 EP S125 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S06 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 177ZC UT WOS:000247190000029 ER PT J AU Roberts, C Swanson, E AF Roberts, Craig Swanson, Eric TI Focus section on hadronic physics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Roberts, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S01 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 177ZC UT WOS:000247190000024 ER PT J AU Vogelsang, W AF Vogelsang, W. TI The spin structure of the nucleon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DIRECT PHOTON PRODUCTION; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; POLARIZED QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; ANOMALOUS GLUON CONTRIBUTION; ANTIQUARK FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS AB We give an overview of some of the current activities and results in theory and experiment in QCD spin physics. We focus in particular on investigations of gluon polarization in the nucleon, and on single-transverse spin asymmetries. We highlight the spin physics program now underway at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vogelsang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wvogelsang@bnl.gov NR 188 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP S149 EP S171 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S08 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 177ZC UT WOS:000247190000031 ER PT J AU Smith, JS Borodin, O Smith, GD Kober, EM AF Smith, James S. Borodin, Oleg Smith, Grant D. Kober, Edward M. TI A molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemistry study of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-silica nanoparticle interactions SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulations; nanocomposite; poly(dimethylsiloxane); polysiloxanes; quantum chemistry; silica ID FILLED PDMS COMPOSITES; FUMED SILICA; SILOXANE ELASTOMERS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); FORCE-FIELD; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WATER SPECIATION; H-2 NMR; REINFORCEMENT AB We have conducted atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) melts in contact with bare silica and modified (with hydroxyl and trimethylsiloxy groups) silica surfaces using a quantum chemistry-based force field. MD simulations accurately predicted changes in PDMS dynamics with addition Of SiO(2) observed in quasielastic neutron scattering experiments. In MD simulations, the density of PDMS near the bare silica surface was found to be much greater and the dynamics of interfacial PDMS much slower than that observed for unperturbed PDMS melts due to strong Van der Waals dispersion forces between PDMS and the silica surface. The presence of hydroxyl and trimethylsiloxy groups on the silica surface resulted in a decrease in the density of interfacial PDMS and a speedup in polymer dynamics relative to those observed for PDMS near the bare silica surface due to increased separation between PDMS and the silica surface and a corresponding decrease in the strength of the dispersion attraction between the polymer and the surface. Despite the presence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions between small molecule models for hydroxylated silica and PDMS observed in our quantum chemistry studies, no significant hydrogen bonding was observed in the MD simulations of PDMS in contact with hydroxylated silica surfaces. Nevertheless, interactions between hydroxyl groups and PDMS oxygen atoms were found to play a role in determining structure and dynamics of interfacial PDMS for surfaces with low to moderate degrees of hydroxylation. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jsmith@cluster2.mse.utah.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 13 BP 1599 EP 1615 DI 10.1002/polb.21119 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 179ID UT WOS:000247282100010 ER PT J AU Walter, KC Pesiri, DR Wilson, DE AF Walter, Kevin C. Pesiri, David R. Wilson, Dennis E. TI Manufacturing and performance of nanometric Al/MoO3 energetic materials SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID THERMITES; NANO AB Nanometric powders of aluminum (Al) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) have been combined to create an inorganic energetic material. When optimized, the burn rate of these materials (similar to 400 m/s) exceeds that of conventional thermites (based on micron-sized powders), but is less than that of conventional explosives. Similar burn rates around 350 m/s are measured for these "superthermites" using n-Al powder in the size range between 30 and 90 nm in diameter (20-60 m(2)/g, 60-80 wt % Al) and an oxygen-to-fuel mass ratio of 1.4. The burn rate decreases when the surface area of the MoO3 is decreased from 64 to 40 m(2)/g, or when oxygen to fuel is changed from 1.2. Thus, for each average particle diameter, there is an optimum burn rate at an oxygen-to-fuel ratio that depends on the wt % Al present in the material and the particle size distribution of the powder. The burn rate is dependent on several materials and processing factors such as the quality of the nanometric ingredients, the processing method, and exposure to air and light, so the effect of aging and environmental exposure on the individual ingredients has been investigated. The results of this powder aging study suggests that the surface area of n-MoO3 can decrease twofold within 10-12 days, and the Al-metal content in n-Al can decrease as much as 50% over two years. Adequate handling and storage procedures must therefore be followed for the effective use of nanometric powders and their superthermite mixes. C1 Sci Appl & Res Associated Inc, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Energet Mat & Prod Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Walter, KC (reprint author), Sci Appl & Res Associated Inc, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 645 EP 650 DI 10.2514/1.25461 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000002 ER PT J AU Zhao, SJ Germann, TC Strachan, A AF Zhao, Shijin Germann, Timothy C. Strachan, Alejandro TI Molecular dynamics characterization of the response of Ni/Al nanolaminates under dynamic loading SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE INTERSTITIAL COMPOSITES; NANOENERGETIC MATERIALS; PROPAGATION; SIMULATIONS; FOILS AB We use a recently developed molecular dynamics method with an accurate, first-principles-based force field to study shock propagation in Ni/Al nanolaminates and the induced (highly exothermic) chemical reactions. We characterize both perfect nanolaminates and specimens containing small (4-nm diameter) voids. The new method enables the accurate description of both the nonequilibrium shock-loading process and the long time evolution of the shocked material, providing an atomic-level picture of the complex interplay between the mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes that govern the behavior of the metastable composites. We shock the nanolaminates in the direction normal to the Ni/Al interfaces, leading to multiple wave reflections, due to the elastic mismatch between Ni and A]; this leads to the Al layers having a higher temperature during the early stages of the process. In the perfect nanolaminates, the chemical reactions start at the interfaces closest to the impact plane and then propagate through the material. A rapid increase in the rate of chemical reactions (3Ni + Al -> N3Al) is observed following the melting of the Ni and Al layers. We estimate the propagation velocity of the chemical front to be about 200 m/s. The porous samples exhibit much faster energy-release rates, due to the mechanical intermixing of Al and Ni caused by shock-induced pore collapse and the higher shock temperatures. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Strachan, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 501 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM strachan@purdue.edu OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 693 EP 697 DI 10.2514/1.25727 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000008 ER PT J AU Sanders, VE Asay, BW Foley, TJ Tappan, BC Pacheco, AN Son, SF AF Sanders, V. Eric Asay, Blaine W. Foley, Timothy J. Tappan, Bryce C. Pacheco, Adam N. Son, Steven F. TI Reaction propagation of four nanoscale energetic composites (Al/MoO3, Al/WO3, Al/CuO, and Bi2O3) SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NANOPOWDERS; COMBUSTION; THERMITES; BEHAVIOR; OXIDES; NANO AB Nanoscale composite energetics (also known as metastable intermolecular composites) represent an exciting new class of energetic materials. Nanoscale thermites; are examples of these materials. The nanoscale thermites studied consist of a metal and metal oxide with particle sizes in the 30-200 nm range. They have potential for use in a wide range of applications. The modes of combustion and reaction behavior of these materials are not yet well understood. This investigation considers four different nanoaluminum/metal-oxide composites. The same nanoscale aluminum was used for each composite. The metal oxides used were molybdenum oxide (MoO3), tungsten oxide (WO3), copper oxide (CuO), and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). The reaction performance was quantified by the pressure output and propagation velocity using unconfined (or open burn) and confined (burn tube) experiments. We examine the optimization of each composite in terms of pressure output and propagaton speed (or burn rate) for the open burn experiment. We find that there is a correlation between the maximum pressure output and optimum propagation speed (or burn rate). Equilibrium calculations are used to interpret these results. We find that the propagation speed depends on the gas production and also on the thermodynamic state of the products. This suggests that condensing gases or solidifying liquids could greatly enhance heat transfer. We also vary the density of these composites and examine the change in performance. Although the propagation wave is likely supersonic with respect to the mixture sound speed, the propagation speed decreases with density. This behavior is opposite of classical detonation in which propagation (detonation) speed increases with density. This result indicates that the propagation mechanism may differ fundamentally from classical detonations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanders, VE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 58 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.2514/1.26089 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000010 ER PT J AU Son, SF Asay, BW Foley, TJ Yetter, RA Wu, MH Risha, GA AF Son, S. F. Asay, B. W. Foley, T. J. Yetter, R. A. Wu, M. H. Risha, G. A. TI Combustion of nanoscale Al/MoO3 thermite in microchannels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE INTERMOLECULAR COMPOSITES; SOLID-PROPELLANT MICROTHRUSTER; MICROHEATER; REALIZATION; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY; GENERATION; DESIGN AB Microscale combustion is of interest in small-volume energy-demanding systems, such as power supplies, actuation, ignition, and propulsion. Energetic materials can have high burning rates that make these materials advantageous, especially for microscale applications in which the rate of energy release is important or in which air is not available as an oxidizer. In this study we examine the combustion of mixtures of nanoscale aluminum with molybdenum trioxide in microscale channels. Nanoscale composites can have very high burning rates that are much higher than typical materials. Quartz and acrylic tubes are used. Rectangular steel microchannels are also considered. We find that the optimum mixture ratio for the maximum propagation rate is aluminum rich. We use equilibrium calculations to argue that the propagation rate is dominated by a convective process where hot liquids and gases are propelled forward heating the reactants. This is the first study to report the dependence of the propagation rate with a tube diameter for this class of materials. We find that the propagation rate decreases linearly with 1/d. The propagation rate remains high in tubes or channels with dimensions down to the scale of 100 mu m, which makes these materials applicable to microcombustion applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Son, SF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Wu, Ming-Hsun/A-7390-2011; OI Wu, Ming-Hsun/0000-0001-6646-050X; Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 28 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.2514/1.26090 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000011 ER PT J AU Polzin, KA Markusic, TE Stanojev, BJ Dehoyos, A Raitses, Y Smirnov, A Fisch, NJ AF Polzin, Kurt A. Markusic, Thomas E. Stanojev, Boris J. Dehoyos, Amado Raitses, Yevgeny Smirnov, Artem Fisch, Nathaniel J. TI Performance of a low-power cylindrical Hall thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Propuls Syst Dept, Nucl Syst Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Madison Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Astrophys Sci Dept, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Polzin, KA (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Propuls Syst Dept, Nucl Syst Branch, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM kurt.a.polzin@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 886 EP 888 DI 10.2514/1.28595 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190QC UT WOS:000248073000033 ER PT J AU Li, SS Glometti, CS AF Li, Shi-Sheng Glometti, Carol S. TI A combinatorial approach to studying protein complex composition by employing size-exclusion chromatography and proteome analysis SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gel filtration; interactome; NanoLC-MS/MS; nondenaturing isoelectric focusing (IEF); two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERACTION NETWORK; INTERACTION MAP; INTERACTOME; ELECTROPHORESIS; INHIBITORS; MOLECULES; SYSTEM AB The genome sequences of numerous organisms are available now, but gene sequences alone do not provide sufficient information to accurately deduce protein functions. Protein function is largely dependent on the association of multiple polypeptide chains into large structures with interacting subunits that regulate and support each other. Therefore, the mapping of protein interaction networks in a physiological context is conducive to deciphering protein functions, including those of hypothetical proteins. Although several high-throughput methods to globally identify protein interactions have been reported in recent years, these approaches often have a high rate of nonspecific or artificial interactions detected. For instance, the fraction of false positives of the protein interactions identified by yeast two-hybrid assay has been predicted to be of the order of 50%. We have developed a strategy to globally map Bacillus subtilis protein-protein interactions in a physiological context by fractionating the cell lysates using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), followed by proteome analysis. Components of both known and unknown protein complexes, multisubunits and multiproteins, have been identified using this strategy. In one case, the partners of the B. subtilis protein complex have been coexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the formation of the overexpressed protein complex has been further confirmed by a pull-down assay. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, SS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM csgiometti@anl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074942] NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1555 DI 10.1002/jssc.200700011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 192YM UT WOS:000248240000019 PM 17623436 ER PT J AU Peterson, DS Plionis, AA Gonzales, ER AF Peterson, Dominic S. Plionis, Alexander A. Gonzales, Edward R. TI Optimization of extraction chromatography separations of trace levels of actinides with ICP-MS detection SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE actinide; ICP-MS; ion chromatography; separation ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ACIDIC MEDIA; PRECONCENTRATION; PLUTONIUM; URANIUM; SAMPLES AB The separation of trace level actinides has been evaluated on extraction chromatography columns. Detection of the actinides was achieved through the use of an inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS). The columns that we tested were prepared from a commercial TRU resin. The separation of the actinides was optimized for several parameters including particle size, column length, packing pressure, and eluent flow rate. We also examined the possibility of reducing or eliminating oxalic acid in the eluents in order to improve the performance of the mass spectrometer. We were able to separate a mixture of five actinides (Th-232, U-238, Np-237, Pu-239, Am-243) in less than 4 min. This work has application to rapid bioassay as well as for automated separations of actinide materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM DominicP@lanl.gov OI Peterson, Dominic/0000-0001-8244-565X NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.1002/jssc.200600513 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 192YM UT WOS:000248240000022 PM 17623439 ER PT J AU Jin, GB Choi, ES Guertin, RP Brooks, JS Bray, TH Booth, CH Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Jin, Geng Bang Choi, Eun Sang Guertin, Robert P. Brooks, James S. Bray, Travis H. Booth, Corwin H. Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI Syntheses, structure, magnetism, and optical properties of the interlanthanide sulfides delta-Ln(2-x)Lu(x)S(3) (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE interlanthanide sulfide; mixed-lanthanide sulfide; magnetic properties of lanthanide sulfides ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELEMENTS SCANDIUM; MIXED SULFIDES; ERBIUM; CERIUM; YTTRIUM; CHALCOGENIDES; LANTHANIDE; REFINEMENT AB delta-Lr2-xLUxS3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd; x = 0.67-0.71) compounds have been synthesized through the reaction of elemental rare-earth metals and S using a Sb2S3 flux at 1000 degrees C. These compounds are isotypic with CeTmS3, which has a complex three-dimensional structure. It includes four larger Ln(3+) sites in eight- and nine-coordinate environments, two disordered seven-coordinate Ln(3+)/LU3+ positions, and two six-coordinate LU3+ ions. The structure is constructed from one-dimensional chains of LnS(n) (n = 6-9) polyhedra that extend along the b-axis. These polyhedra share faces or edges with two neighbors within the chains, while in the [ac] plane they share edges and corners with other chains. Least square refinements gave rise to the formulas Of delta-Ce(1.30)Lu(0.70)S3, delta-Pr1.29Lu0.71S3 and delta-Nd1.33Lu0.67S3, which are consistent with the EDX analysis and magnetic susceptibility data. delta-Ln(2-x),LUxS3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd; x = 0.67-0.71) show no evidence of magnetic ordering down to 5K. Optical properties measurements show that the band gaps for delta-Ce1.30Lu0.70S3, delta-Pr1.29Lu0.71S3, and delta-Nd1.33Lu0.67S3 are 1.25, 1.38, and 1.50eV, respectively. Crystallographic data: delta-Ce1.30Lu0.70S3, monoclinic, space group P2(1/)m, a = 11.0186(7), b = 3.9796(3), c = 21.6562(15) angstrom, beta = 101.6860(10), V = 929.93(11), Z = 8; delta-Pr1.29Lu0.71S3, monoclinic, space group P2(1/)m, a = 10.9623(10), b = 3.9497(4), c = 21.5165(19) angstrom, p = 101.579(2), V = 912.66(15), Z = 8; delta-Nd1.33Lu0.67S3, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/m, a = 10.9553(7), b = 3.9419(3), c = 21.4920(15) angstrom, beta = 101.5080(10), V = 909.47(11), Z = 8. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, EC Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM albreth@auburn.edu RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 180 IS 7 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.04.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 196WO UT WOS:000248513900024 ER PT J AU Garczarek, F Dong, M Typke, D Witkowska, HE Hazen, TC Nogales, E Biggin, MD Glaeser, RM AF Garczarek, Florian Dong, Ming Typke, Dieter Witkowska, H. Ewa Hazen, Terry C. Nogales, Eva Biggin, Mark D. Glaeser, Robert M. TI Octomeric pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase; Desufovibrio vulgaris; electron microscopy; single particle reconstruction-; oligomerization; homology modeling; molecular docking ID VISUALIZATION; PURIFICATION; COMPLEX; SYSTEM AB Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductatse (PFOR) carries out the central step in oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. We have purified this enzyme from Desu fovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) as part of a systematic characterization of as many multiprotein complexes as possible for this organism, and the three-dimensional structure of this enzyme has been determined by a combination of electron microscopy (EM), single particle image analysis, homology modeling and computational molecular docking. Our results show that the 1 MDa DvH PFOR complex is a homo-octomer, or more precisely, a tetramer of the dimeric form of the related enzyme found in DesuUbvibrio africanus (Da), with which it shares a sequence identity of 69%. Our homology model of the DVH PFOR dimer is based on the Da PFOR X-ray structure. Docking of this model into our 17 angstrom resolution EM-reconstruction of negatively stained DvH PFOR octomers strongly suggests that the difference in oligomerization state for the two species is due to the insertion of a single valine residue (Val383) within a surface loop of the DvH enzyme. This study demonstrates that the strategy of intermediate resolution EM reconstruction coupled to homology modeling and docking can be powerful enough to infer the functionality of single amino acid residues. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Biomol Resource Ctr Mass Spectrometry Facil, Dept Cell & Tissue Biol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM enogales@lbl.gov; mdbiggin@lbl.gov; rmglaeser@lbl.gov RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 159 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.01.020 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 180ZA UT WOS:000247405300002 PM 17400475 ER PT J AU Bishop, AR Bussmann-Holder, A Dolgov, OV Furrer, A Kamimura, H Keller, H Khasanov, R Kremer, RK Manske, D Muller, KA Simon, A AF Bishop, A. R. Bussmann-Holder, A. Dolgov, O. V. Furrer, A. Kamimura, H. Keller, H. Khasanov, R. Kremer, R. K. Manske, D. Mueller, K. A. Simon, A. TI Real and marginal isotope effects in cuprate superconductors SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE cuprate superconductors; isotope effects ID INPLANE PENETRATION DEPTH; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; OXYGEN; LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; PSEUDOGAP; RAMAN; TC AB We critically review recent and earlier results on isotope effects in cuprate superconductors and emphasize that the sample preparation and the isotope exchange and back exchange are crucial in understanding and interpreting the data. Only extremely careful preparation techniques yield reliable results and permit differentiation between real isotope effects and marginal ones. The former are substantial and highlight the lattice vibrational importance in cuprate superconductors. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM A.Bussman-Holder@fkf.mpg.de RI Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015; OI Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671; Khasanov, Rustem/0000-0002-4768-5524 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s10948-007-0235-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 192GM UT WOS:000248188800008 ER PT J AU Paolasini, L Detlefs, C Mazzoli, C Wilkins, S Deen, PP Bombardi, A Kernavanois, N de Bergevin, F Yakhou, F Valade, JP Breslavetz, I Fondacaro, A Pepellin, G Bernard, P AF Paolasini, L. Detlefs, C. Mazzoli, C. Wilkins, S. Deen, P. P. Bombardi, A. Kernavanois, N. de Bergevin, F. Yakhou, F. Valade, J. P. Breslavetz, I. Fondacaro, A. Pepellin, G. Bernard, P. TI ID20: a beamline for magnetic and resonant X-ray scattering investigations under extreme conditions SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE resonant X-ray magnetic scattering; high magnetic fields; high pressure; strongly correlated electron systems ID TRANSITION-METAL; PRESSURE; DIFFRACTION; SEPARATION; RANGE; SPIN AB A new experimental station at ESRF beamline ID20 is presented which allows magnetic and resonant X-ray scattering experiments in the energy range 3-25 keV to be performed under extreme conditions. High magnetic field up to 10 T, high pressure up to 30 kbar combined with low temperatures down to 1.5 K are available and experiments can be performed at the M-edges of actinide elements, L-edges of lanthanides and K-edges of transition metals. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ILL Grenoble, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Diamond Light Source Ltd, RAL, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. RP Paolasini, L (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM paolasin@esrf.fr RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Mazzoli, Claudio/J-4360-2012; Bombardi, Alessandro/J-8098-2012 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 43 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1107/S0909049507024879 PN 4 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178RE UT WOS:000247237000001 PM 17587654 ER PT J AU Gog, T Casa, DM Kuzmenko, I Krakora, RJ Bolin, TB AF Gog, T. Casa, D. M. Kuzmenko, I. Krakora, R. J. Bolin, T. B. TI Windowless transition between atmospheric pressure and high vacuum via differential pumping for synchrotron radiation applications SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE differential pump; X-ray window; coherent scattering; small-angle scattering ID TURBULENT PIPE-FLOW; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PLASMA WINDOW; BEAMLINE AB A differential pump assembly is introduced which can provide a windowless transition between the full atmospheric pressure of an in-air sample environment and the high-vacuum region of a synchrotron radiation beamline, while providing a clear aperture of approximately 1 mm to pass through the X-ray beam from a modern third-generation synchrotron radiation source. This novel pump assembly is meant to be used as a substitute for an exit vacuum window on synchrotron beamlines, where the existence of such a window would negatively impact the coherent nature of the X-ray beam or would introduce parasitic scattering, distorting weak scattering signals from samples under study. It is found that the length of beam pipe necessary to reduce atmospheric pressure to below 10 mbar is only about 130 mm, making the expected photon transmission for hard X-rays through this pipe competitive with that of a regular Be beamline window. This result is due to turbulent flow dominating the first pumping stage, providing a mechanism of strong gas conductance limitation, which is further enhanced by introducing artificial surface roughness in the pipe. Successive reduction of pressure through the transitional flow regime into the high-vacuum region is accomplished over a length of several meters, using beam pipes of increasing diameter. While the pump assembly has not been tested with X-rays, possible applications are discussed in the context of coherent and small-angle scattering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gog, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC XOR, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gog@anl.gov RI Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1107/S0909049507016317 PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178RE UT WOS:000247237000006 PM 17587659 ER PT J AU Jain, A Stojanoff, V AF Jain, Anubhav Stojanoff, Vivian TI Are you centered? An automatic crystal-centering method for high-throughput macromolecular crystallography SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE automated crystal centering; computer vision; robotic automation techniques; high-throughput crystallography; X-ray diffraction; protein crystallography ID PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CORNER DETECTION; BEAMLINE; SYSTEM; FIP AB Crystal centering is a key step in macromolecular X-ray crystallography experiments. A new method using image-processing and machine-vision techniques allows the centering of small crystals in the X-ray beam. This method positions crystals even when the loop is initially out of the camera's field of view and adapts to the difficulty of the experiment. The process has been tested on many diverse crystals with a 93% success rate when compared with manual centering. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Stojanoff, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vivian.stojanoff@gmail.com RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 0080] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1107/S0909049507018110 PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178RE UT WOS:000247237000008 PM 17587661 ER PT J AU Hill, JP Coburn, DS Kim, YJ Gog, T Casa, DM Kodituwakku, CN Sinn, H AF Hill, J. P. Coburn, D. S. Kim, Y.-J. Gog, T. Casa, D. M. Kodituwakku, C. N. Sinn, H. TI A 2 m inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer at CMC-XOR, advanced photon source SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE inelastic X-ray scattering; Ge(733) analyzer; LaCuO; CMC-XOR; medium-resolution analyzer ID EXCITATIONS; DEPENDENCE AB The design and commissioning of an inelastic X-ray scattering instrument at CMC-XOR at the Advanced Photon Source is reported. The instrument features a 2 m vertical-scattering arm with a novel counterweight design to reduce the twisting moment as the arm is moved in the scattering plane. A Ge(733) spherical analyzer was fabricated and an overall resolution of 118 meV (FWHM) was obtained with a Si(444) monochromator and a Si(111) pre-monochromator. Early results from a representative cuprate, La2CuO4, are reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Hill, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gog@aps.anl.gov RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1107/S0909049507018006 PN 4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178RE UT WOS:000247237000009 PM 17587662 ER PT J AU Callens, R L'abbe, C Meersschaut, J Serdons, I Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS AF Callens, R. L'abbe, C. Meersschaut, J. Serdons, I. Sturhahn, W. Toellner, T. S. TI Determination of the magnetic spin direction from the nuclear forward-scattering line intensities SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE magnetometry; Mossbauer; nuclear resonant scattering ID RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; QUANTUM BEATS; GAMMA RAYS; ORIENTATION AB An expression is derived for the line intensities in a nuclear forward-scattering energy spectrum that is obtained via a Fourier transformation of the time dependence of the wavefield. The calculation takes into account the coherent properties of the nuclear forward-scattering process and the experimental limitations on the observable time window. It is shown that, for magnetic samples, the spin direction can be determined from the ratios between the different lines in the energy spectrum. The theory is complemented with experimental results on alpha-iron. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, INPAC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Callens, R (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, INPAC, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM riet.callens@fys.kuleuven.be NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1107/S0909049507023229 PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 178RE UT WOS:000247237000010 PM 17587663 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Collier, SL Wilson, DK Aldridge, DF Symons, NP Marlin, D AF Ostashev, Vladimir E. Collier, Sandra L. Wilson, D. Keith Aldridge, David F. Symons, Neill P. Marlin, David TI Pade approximation in time-domain boundary conditions of porous surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; MEDIA; IMPEDANCE; WAVE; IMPLEMENTATION; SIMULATION; MODELS AB Formulation and implementation of time-domain boundary conditions (TDBCs) at the surface of a reactive porous material are made challenging by the slow decay, complexity, or noncausal nature of many commonly used models of porous materials. In this paper, approaches are described that improve computational efficiency and enforce causality. One approach involves approximating the known TDBC for the modified Zwikker-Kosten impedance model as a summation of decaying exponential functions. A second approach, which can be applied to any impedance model, involves replacing the characteristic admittance with its Pade approximation. Then, approximating fractional derivatives with decaying exponentials, a causal and recursive TDBC is formulated (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1121/1.2743153 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 191WA UT WOS:000248161500009 PM 17614469 ER PT J AU Robinson, DR Luke-Boone, R Aggarwal, V Harris, B Anderson, E Ranum, D Kulp, TJ Armstrong, K Sommers, R Mcrae, TG Ritter, K Siegell, JH Van Pelt, D Smylie, M AF Robinson, Donald R. Luke-Boone, Ronke Aggarwal, Vineet Harris, Buzz Anderson, Eric Ranum, David Kulp, Thomas J. Armstrong, Karla Sommers, Ricky McRae, Thomas G. Ritter, Karin Siegell, Jeffrey H. Van Pelt, Doug Smylie, Mike TI Refinery evaluation of optical imaging to locate fugitive emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Fugitive emissions account for approximately 50% of total hydrocarbon emissions from process plants. Federal and state regulations aiming at controlling these emissions require refineries and petrochemical plants in the United States to implement a Leak Detection and Repair Program (LDAR). The current regulatory work practice, U.S. Environment Protection Agency Method 21, requires designated components to be monitored individually at regular intervals. The annual costs of these LDAR programs in a typical refinery can exceed US$ 1,000,000. Previous studies have shown that a majority of controllable fugitive emissions come from a very small fraction of components. The Smart LDAR program aims to find cost-effective methods to monitor and reduce emissions from these large leakers. Optical gas imaging has been identified as one such technology that can help achieve this objective. This paper discusses a refinery evaluation of an instrument based on backscatter absorption gas imaging technology. This portable camera allows an operator to scan components more quickly and image gas leaks in real time. During the evaluation, the instrument was able to identify leaking components that were the source of 97% of the total mass emissions from leaks detected. More than 27,000 components were monitored. This was achieved in far less time than it would have taken using Method 21. In addition, the instrument was able to find leaks from components that are not required to be monitored by the current LDAR regulations. The technology principles and the parameters that affect instrument performance are also discussed in the paper. C1 ICF Int, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. URS Corp, Austin, TX USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Laser Imaging Syst, Punta Gorda, FL USA. Amer Petr Inst, Washington, DC USA. ExxonMobil Corp, Fairfax, VA USA. ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. RP Robinson, DR (reprint author), ICF Int, 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM drobinson@icfi.com RI McRae, Terry/J-5986-2015 OI McRae, Terry/0000-0002-6540-6824 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 7 BP 803 EP 810 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.803 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 186GD UT WOS:000247766200004 PM 17687995 ER PT J AU Jimenez, J Cialborn, C Larson, T Gould, T Kirchstetter, TW Gundel, L AF Jimenez, Jorge Cialborn, Candis Larson, Timothy Gould, Timothy Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Gundel, Lara TI Loading effect correction for real-time aethalometer measurements of fresh diesel soot SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS; ASTHMATIC-CHILDREN; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; MEXICO-CITY; LOS-ANGELES; PARTICLES; INSTRUMENT AB In this study, a correction was developed for the aethalometer to measure real-time black carbon (BC) concentrations in an environment dominated by fresh diesel soot. The relationship between the actual mass-specific absorption coefficient for BC and the BC-dependent attenuation coefficients was determined from experiments conducted in a diesel exposure chamber that provided constant concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM; PM2.5; PM < 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) from diesel exhaust. The aethalometer reported BC concentrations decreasing with time from 48.1 to 31.5 mu g m(-3) when exposed to constant PM2.5 concentrations of 55 +/- 1 mu g m(-3) and b(scat) at = 95 +/- 3 Mm(-1) from diesel exhaust. This apparent decrease in reported light-absorbing PM concentration was used to derive a correction K(ATN) for loading of strong light-absorbing particles onto or into the aethalometer filter tape, which was a function of attenuation of light at 880 nm by the embedded particles. C1 Univ Concepcion, Ctr Environm Sci, EULA Chile, Concepcion, Chile. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Energy Technol Div, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jimenez, J (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Ctr Environm Sci, EULA Chile, Barrio Univ SN,POB 160-C, Concepcion, Chile. EM jorgejimenez@udec.cl NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 7 BP 868 EP 873 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.868 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 186GD UT WOS:000247766200011 PM 17688002 ER PT J AU Dellavalle, RP Schilling, LM Rodriguez, MA Van de Sompel, H Bollen, J AF Dellavalle, Robert P. Schilling, Lisa M. Rodriguez, Marko A. Van de Sompel, Herbert Bollen, Johan TI Refining dermatology journal impact factors using PageRank SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Thomson Institute for Scientific Information's journal impact factor, the most common measure of journal status, is based on crude citation counts that do not account for the quality of the journals where the citations originate. This study examines how accounting for citation origin affects the impact factor ranking of dermatology journals. Methods: The 2003 impact factors of dermatology journals were adjusted by a weighted PageRank algorithm that assigned greater weight to citations originating in more frequently cited journals. Results: Adjusting for citation origin moved the rank of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology higher than that of the Archives of Dermatology (third to second) but did not affect the ranking of the highest impact dermatology journal, the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. The dermatology journals most positively affected by adjusting for citation origin were Contact Dermatitis (moving from 22nd to 7th in rankings) and Burns (21st to 10th). Dermatology journals most negatively affected were Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery (5th to 14th), the Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery (19th to 27th), and the, Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (26th to 34th). Limitations: Current measures of dermatology journal status do not incorporate survey data from dermatologists regarding which journals dermatologists esteem most. Conclusion: Adjusting for citation origin provides a more refined measure of journal status and changes relative dermatology journal rankings. C1 Univ Colorado Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado Denver & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dellavalle, RP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr Fitzsimmons, Dept Dermatol, POB 6511,Mail Stop F8127, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM robert.dellavalle@uchsc.edu RI Dellavalle, Robert/L-2020-2013; OI Dellavalle, Robert/0000-0001-8132-088X; Van de Sompel, Herbert/0000-0002-0715-6126 FU NCI NIH HHS [K-07 CA92550] NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.03.005 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 183MS UT WOS:000247577500014 PM 17499388 ER PT J AU Baker, ES Clowers, BH Li, FM Tang, K Tolmachev, AV Prior, DC Belov, ME Smith, RD AF Baker, Erin Shammel Clowers, Brian H. Li, Fumin Tang, Keqi Tolmachev, Aleksey V. Prior, David C. Belov, Mikhail E. Smith, Richard D. TI Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry performance using electrodynamic ion funnels and elevated drift gas pressures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PEPTIDE MIXTURES; NANOELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; SERUM PROTEOME; IMS-IMS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GUIDES; INTERFACE; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; SEPARATIONS AB The ability of ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to characterize biological mixtures has been illustrated over the past eight years. However, the challenges posed by the extreme complexity of many biological samples have demonstrated the need for higher resolution IMS-MS measurements. We have developed a higher resolution ESI-IMS-TOF MS by utilizing high-pressure electrodynamic ion funnels at both ends of the IMS drift cell and operating the drift cell at an elevated pressure compared with that conventionally used. The ESI-IMS-TOF MS instrument consists of an ESI source, an hourglass ion funnel used for ion accumulation/injection into an 88 cm drift cell, followed by a 10 cm ion funnel and a commercial orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer providing high mass measurement accuracy. It was found that the rear ion funnel could be effectively operated as an extension of the drift cell when the DC fields were matched, providing an effective drift region of 98 cm. The resolution of the instrument was evaluated at pressures ranging from 4 to 12 torr and ion mobility drift voltages of 16 V/cm (4 torr) to 43 V/cm (12 torr). An increase in resolution from 55 to 80 was observed from 4 to 12 torr nitrogen drift gas with no significant loss in sensitivity. The choice of drift gas was also shown to influence the degree of ion heating and relative trapping efficiency within the ion funnel. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, 3335 Q Ave K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA12619-01, R21 CA126191, R21 CA126191-01]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, RR018522] NR 46 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1176 EP 1187 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.03.031 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 190MF UT WOS:000248062200003 PM 17512752 ER PT J AU Kang, H Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD AF Kang, Hyuk Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana Smith, Richard D. TI Targeted tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput comparative proteomics employing NanoLC-FTICR MS with external ion dissociation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; TIME TAG APPROACH; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ACCURATE MASS; MIXTURES; IDENTIFICATION; ONLINE AB Targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an attractive proteomic approach that allows selective identification of peptides exhibiting abundance differences, e.g., between culture conditions and/or diseased states. Herein, we report on a targeted LC-MS/MS capability realized with a hybrid quadrupole-7 tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer that provides data-dependent ion selection, accumulation, and dissociation external to the ICR trap, and a control software that directs intelligent MS/MS target selection based on LC elution time and m/z ratio. We show that the continuous on-the-fly alignment of the LC elution time during the targeted LC-MS/MS experiment, combined with the high mass resolution of FTICR MS, is crucial for accurate selection of targets, whereas high mass measurement accuracy MS/MS data facilitate unambiguous peptide identifications. Identification of a subset of differentially abundant proteins from Shewanella oneidensis grown under suboxic versus aerobic conditions demonstrates the feasibility of such approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, 3335 Q Ave,K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dick.smith@pnl.gov RI Kang, Hyuk/A-4972-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81654, CA86340]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1332 EP 1343 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.04.011 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 190MF UT WOS:000248062200019 PM 17531500 ER PT J AU Ando, M Tanigawa, H Shiba, K Jitsukawa, S Kohno, Y Kohyarna, A Li, M Stoller, RE AF Ando, Masarni. Tanigawa, Hiroyasu Shiba, Kiyoyuki Jitsukawa, Shiro Kohno, Yutaka Kohyarna, Akira Li, Meimei Stoller, Roger E. TI Irradiation creep Behavior of reduced activation Ferritic/Martensitic steel irradiated in HFIR SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS LA English DT Article DE reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel; irradiation creep; neutron irradiation; high flux isotope reactor; pressurized tube ID FUSION HEATS; PCA; DISLOCATIONS; 9CR-1MO AB The irradiation creep behavior of F82H and several JLF-1 steels has been measured at 573 and 773 K up to 5 dpa using pressurized creep tubes irradiated in HFIR. These tubes were pressurized with high-purity helium to hoop stress levels of 0 to 400 MPa at the irradiation temperature. The results for F82H and JLF-1 with hoop stress of 400 MPa showed small creep strains (<0.25%6) after irradiation at 573 K. The irradiation creep strain at 573 K in these steels is linearly dependent on the applied stress at stress levels below 250 MPa. However, at higher hoop stress levels, the creep strain is nonlinear. At 773 K, the irradiation creep strain of F82H is linearly dependent on the applied hoop stress level below 100 MPa. At higher stress levels, the creep strain increased strongly. The creep compliance co-efficient for F82H and JLF-1 is consistent with the values obtained for other steels. These data contribute to the materials database for ITER test blanket design work. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Muroran Inst Technol, Muroran, Hokkaido 0508585, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ando, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 0021-4876 EI 1880-6880 J9 J JPN I MET JI J. Jpn. Inst. Met. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.2320/jinstmet.71.559 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 200AU UT WOS:000248737100004 ER PT J AU Lim, YS Yee, KJ Kim, JH Haroz, EH Shaver, J Kono, J Doorn, SK Hauge, RH Smalley, RE AF Lim, Yong-Sik Yee, Ki-Ju Kim, Ji-Hee Haroz, Erik H. Shaver, Jonah Kono, Junichiro Doorn, Stephen K. Hauge, Robert H. Smalley, Richard E. TI Chirality assignment of micelle-suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes using coherent phonon oscillations SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Laser Spectroscopy CY NOV 09-10, 2006 CL Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Atom Energy Res Inst DE single-walled carbon nanotubes; coherent phonon oscillations; chirality assignment ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; DIAMETER AB We report on a new high-resolution optical spectroscopy, coherent phonon measurement, for determining the chiral index of carbon nanotubes. Using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate the real-time observation of lattice vibrations in individualized single-walled carbon nanotubes in an aqueous surfactant solution. Almost all available radial breathing modes in the Fourier transform spectrum from coherent phonon oscillations are well-resolved with less ambiguity in comparison to continuous-wave resonant Raman scattering. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Chungju 380701, South Korea. Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Rice Univ, Carbon Nanotechnol Lab, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Chem Sci & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Carbon Nanotechnol Lab, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Lim, YS (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Chungju 380701, South Korea. EM yslim@kku.ac.kr RI Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; OI Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; Shaver, Jonah/0000-0002-9602-7798 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SI SI BP 306 EP 311 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 190MM UT WOS:000248063000004 ER PT J AU Hurley, DH Lewis, R AF Hurley, David H. Lewis, Ryan TI Coherent control of optically generated and detected picosecond surface acoustic phonons SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Laser Spectroscopy CY NOV 09-10, 2006 CL Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Atom Energy Res Inst DE phonons; coherent control; picosecond surface acoustic phonons; sub-optical wavelength; gratings ID WAVES; TRANSPORT AB Coherent control of electronic and phoneme excitations in solids, as well as chemical and biological systems, on ultrafast time scales is of current research interest. In semiconductors, coherent control of phonons has been demonstrated for acoustic and optical phonons generated in superlattice structures. The bandwidth of these approaches is typically fully utilized by employing a 1-D geometry in which the laser spot size is much larger than the superlattice repeat length. In this article, we demonstrate coherent control of optically generated picosecond surface acoustic phonons using sub-optical wavelength absorption gratings. The generation and detection characteristics of two material systems are investigated (aluminum absorption gratings on Si and GaAs substrates). Constructive and complete destructive interference conditions are demonstrated using two pump pulses derived from a single Michelson interferometer. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.hurley@inl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SI SI BP 368 EP 371 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 190MM UT WOS:000248063000016 ER PT J AU Jeong, YU Cha, HJ Park, SH Lee, LC Ahn, PD Mun, J Kazakevitch, GM AF Jeong, Young Uk Cha, Hyuk Jin Park, Seong Hee Lee, Lyung Cheol Ahn, Pil Dong Mun, Jungho Kazakevitch, Grigori M. TI Sideband instability in the compact THz free-electron laser at KAERI SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Laser Spectroscopy CY NOV 09-10, 2006 CL Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Atom Energy Res Inst DE terahertz; sideband instability; free-electron laser AB A frequency offset of the Sideband instability has been observed in a compact waveguide-mode terahertz (THz) free-electron laser (FEL). The spectra of the FEL pulses were measured by using a Fabry-Perot spectrometer having a resolution of 10(-4) of the central wavelength at 2 - 3 THz range. The shift of the sideband was measured to be 0.5 - 1.2 mu m, depending on the FEL wavelengths from 110 to 165 Am. An increase in the sideband shift for a longer wavelength could be explained by a change in the wave's group velocity in a plane-parallel waveguide. Mode competition between the sidebands and the primary wave was observed by changing the cavity length of the FEL. We could decrease the number of modes and reduce the linewidth of the spectra by controlling the cavity detuning. We discuss the dependence of the complexity of the sideband instability on the FEL wavelengths and its gain characteristics. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Lab Quantum Opt, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Jeong, YU (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Lab Quantum Opt, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EM yujung@kaeri.re.kr NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 1 SI SI BP 416 EP 420 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 190MM UT WOS:000248063000024 ER PT J AU Hillegonds, DJ Franklin, S Shelton, DK Vijayakumar, S Vijayakumar, V AF Hillegonds, Darren J. Franklin, Stephen Shelton, David K. Vijayakumar, Srinivasan Vijayakumar, Vani TI The management of painful bone metastases with an emphasis on radionuclide therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review DE cancer; bone; metastasis; pain ID REFRACTORY PROSTATE-CANCER; DIAMINE TETRAMETHYLENE PHOSPHONATE; EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; SKELETAL METASTASES; OSSEOUS METASTASES; SR-89 THERAPY; BREAST-CANCER; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL THERAPY; PALLIATIVE TREATMENT; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AB Objective: This review provides an update on the management of painful bone metastases, with an emphasis on radionuclide therapy, and introduces oligometastases and quantitative imaging evaluations for clinical trials. Methods: The current use of radionuclides, alone and in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for painful bone metastases, is discussed, including toxicity, cost and overall outcomes. Results: Radionuclide therapy is shown to be a useful and cost-effective means of alleviating bone pain in metastatic disease and may be more effective when combined with chemotherapy, bisphosphonates and radiation therapy. Early use of radionuclides in pain therapy may limit cancer progression by inhibiting oligometastases development. Thus, radionuclides can significantly decrease patient morbidity, prolong patient survival, and may decrease the occurrence of new bone metastases. Conclusion: Palliative pain therapy is critical for effectively managing bone metastases, with treatment options including analgesics, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy and radionuclides. Radionuclide therapy is underutilized. Recent studies using radionuclides with chemotherapy and bisphosponates, or using newer radionuclides or combinations of radionuclides and treatment paradigms (e.g., higher activities, repetitive or cyclic administration, chemo sensitization, chemo supplementation), are encouraging. A comprehensive, inter-disciplinary clinical approach is needed. Clinical collaborations will optimize radionuclide therapy for pain palliation and increase awareness of its benefits. C1 Mercy Gen Hosp, Nucl Med Sect, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Vijayakumar, V (reprint author), Mercy Gen Hosp, Nucl Med Sect, 4001 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM vani.Vijayakumar@chw.edu NR 108 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 99 IS 7 BP 785 EP 794 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 191CU UT WOS:000248108300010 PM 17668645 ER PT J AU Reichman, WJ Chan, JW Smelser, CW Mihailov, SJ Krol, DM AF Reichman, Wilbur J. Chan, James W. Smelser, Christopher W. Mihailov, Stephen J. Krol, Denise M. TI Spectroscopic characterization of different femtosecond laser modification regimes in fused silica SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE FABRICATION; TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; PHASE MASK; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; OPTICAL-FIBER; GLASS WRITTEN; IR LASER; PULSES; DAMAGE AB Structural changes associated with femtosecond laser fabrication of waveguides and Bragg gratings in fused silica were analyzed using optical microscopy and laser spectroscopy. Using 800 nm femtosecond lasers with a kilohertz repetition rate and various pulse energies, both smooth and rough modifications were induced. The different modification regimes were characterized by measuring the spectra of the light emitted during writing with the femtosecond laser and collecting fluorescence spectra after femtosecond writing using a low power 488 nm laser as an excitation source. The spectral features observed during and after writing can be used to distinguish the smooth and rough modification regimes, and they assist in understanding the underlying modification mechanisms.. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. RP Krol, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dmkrol@ucdavis.edu RI Mihailov, Stephen/E-2687-2013; Chan, James/J-3829-2014 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1627 EP 1632 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.001627 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 184AU UT WOS:000247614300026 ER PT J AU Okamoto, H Kaneta, K Sessler, AM AF Okamoto, Hiromi Kaneta, Kenichi Sessler, Andrew M. TI Phase-space manipulation of charged-particle beams by means of coupling resonances SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE beam emittance; coupling resonance; storage ring; phase space; free-electron laser ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; DISPERSION; CAVITY; GAIN AB In this study, we analyze a method of controlling the ratios of beam emittances, i.e., the projections of the six-dimensional phase space volume occupied by a charged-particle ensemble. We study difference resonances, induced between the three degrees of freedom, by coupling sources. A possible application of such an emittance manipulation is discussed with numerical examples. The control of beam emittance ratios is thought to be useful in various cases where the emittance of one direction is particularly important, or where the ratio of emittances plays an essential role. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398530, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Okamoto, H (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398530, Japan. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 7 AR 074501 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.76.074501 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 193AC UT WOS:000248244500025 ER PT J AU Nolan, KP Walsh, EJ McEligot, DM Volino, RJ AF Nolan, Kevin P. Walsh, Edmond J. McEligot, Donald M. Volino, Ralph J. TI Predicting entropy generation rates in transitional boundary layers based on intermittency SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BYPASS TRANSITION; FLOW; TURBULENCE; EQUATION; LAMINAR; MODELS AB Prediction of thermodynamic loss in transitional boundary layers is typically based on time-averaged data only. This approach effectively ignores the intermittent nature of the transition region. In this work laminar and turbulent conditionally sampled boundary layer data for zero pressure gradient and accelerating transitional boundary layers have been analyzed to calculate the entropy generation rate in the transition region. By weighting the nondimensional dissipation coefficient for the laminar conditioned data and turbulent conditioned data with the intermittency factor, the entropy generation rate in the transition region can be determined and compared to the time-averaged data and correlations for laminar and turbulent flow. It is demonstrated that this method provides an accurate and detailed picture of the entropy generation rate during transition in contrast with simple time averaging. The data used in this paper have been taken from conditionally sampled boundary layer measurements available in the literature for favorable pressure gradient flows. Based on these measurements, a semi-empirical technique is developed to predict the entropy generation rate in a transitional boundary layer with promising results. C1 Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nolan, KP (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. EM kevin.nolan@ul.ie RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011; Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 3 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1115/1.2720488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 234QM UT WOS:000251178800009 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Hsu, SM AF Sambasivan, Sharadha Fischer, Daniel A. Hsu, Stephen M. TI Effect of cross-linking ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Surface molecular orientation and wear characteristics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 12-17, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID HIP REPLACEMENTS; SPECTRA AB Molecular orientation at the surface layer of cross-linked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been examined. Molecular orientation has been shown to affect the wear resistance and surface mechanical properties of UHMWPE under biomechanical loading conditions. This study utilizes a nondestructive synchrotron based soft x-ray technique; near edge x-ray absorption fine structure at the carbon K-edge to examine the degree of surface molecular orientation of UHMWPE subjected to various cross-linking/sterilization techniques as a function of stress and wear. UHMWPE samples prepared under gamma irradiation, ethylene-oxide (EtO) treatment, and electron beam irradiation were worn in a wear tester systematically. Results suggest that the cross-linking resists surface orientation when the samples were under tensile and biomechanical stresses. The molecular orientation in the C-C chains in the polymer showed a monotonic decrease with an increase in gamma irradiation dosage levels. EtO sterilized samples showed more C-C chain orientation than the electron beam irradiated samples, but lower than the 30 kGy gamma irradiated samples. Ordered C-C chains in UHMWPE samples have been associated with more crystallinity or large strain plastic deformation of the polymer. Higher levels of gamma irradiation appear to induce cross-linking of C-C chains and render a polymer with more amorphous phase which resists orientation after wear and imparts wear resistance to the polymer. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sambasivan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sharadha@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 DI 10.1116/1.2723767 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 196OK UT WOS:000248491700046 ER PT J AU Duenow, JN Gessert, TA Wood, DM Barnes, TM Young, M To, B Coutts, TJ AF Duenow, Joel N. Gessert, Timothy A. Wood, David M. Barnes, Teresa M. Young, Matthew To, Bobby Coutts, Timothy J. TI Transparent conducting zinc oxide thin films doped with aluminum and molybdenum SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 12-17, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID STATES EFFECTIVE-MASS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING PARAMETER; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; ZNO; HYDROGEN; CRYSTALS; CARRIERS; DEFECTS AB Undoped ZnO, ZnO:Al (0.5, 1, and 2 wt % Al2O3), and ZnO:Mo (2 wt % Mo) films were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimal deposition temperature was found to be similar to 200 degrees C for all films. Electron mobilities of 48 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) were achieved for undoped ZnO films using a sputtering gas with H-2/Ar ratio of 0.3%; corresponding carrier concentrations were similar to 3 X 10(19) cm(-3). A target incorporating 0.5 wt % Al2O3 in ZnO yielded films with mobility of 36 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and carrier concentration of 3.4 X 10(20) cm(-3). These films present comparable conductivity and lower free-carrier absorption than films grown from a target containing 2 wt % Al2O3. Mo was found to be an n-type dopant of ZnO, though electrical and optical properties were inferior to those of ZnO:Al. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of ZnO:Al films show evidence of a different scattering mechanism than ZnO:Mo films. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Duenow, JN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM joel_duenow@nrel.gov RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1116/1.2735951 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 196OK UT WOS:000248491700050 ER PT J AU Darling, SB Hoffmann, A AF Darling, S. B. Hoffmann, Axel TI Tuning metal surface diffusion on diblock copolymer films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 12-17, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID POLYMER/METAL NANOCOMPOSITE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; X-RAY; GOLD; TEMPLATES; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; MATRIX; COPPER; SILVER AB The authors have studied the effect of predeposition electron exposure on the diffusion behavior of silver evaporated on a diblock copolymer template. Unexposed regions display a highly selective adsorption of Ag clusters on the polystyrene domains. Exposure to the electron beam modifies the surface diffusion constants on each polymer block and produces a trend of smaller mean particle sizes with increased dose. While there is a loss of selectivity in this system upon exposure, alternative diblock chemistries or exposure procedures could enable one to engineer the selectivity of desired materials on polymer films. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1051 DI 10.1116/1.2748806 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 196OK UT WOS:000248491700068 ER PT J AU Xu, H Moreno, KA Youngblood, KP Nikroo, A Hackenberg, RE Cooley, JC Alford, CS Letts, SA AF Xu, H. Moreno, K. A. Youngblood, K. P. Nikroo, A. Hackenberg, R. E. Cooley, J. C. Alford, C. S. Letts, S. A. TI B-doped be coatings for NIF target development SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 12-17, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID BERYLLIUM CAPSULES; PERMEATION; ABLATORS; FILMS AB Sputtered beryllium and copper-doped beryllium coatings as thick as 170 mu m have been deposited on spherical substrates to produce hollow shells that are required as targets for inertial fusion experiments. Be coatings by magnetron sputtering achieved similar to 95 +/- 2% bulk density consistently up to 170 mu m thick. Coatings on the spherical substrates exhibit the typical columnar structure throughout the entire thickness. Transmission electron microscopy indicates the presence of submicron, nearly spherical voids mainly aggregated along the columnar structure and grain boundaries, as well as some smaller intragranular elongated voids. Holes have been drilled in beryllium shells produced in this manner to allow filling with deuterium (the fusion fuel). Gas retention of these shells has been examined using mass spectrometry. It appears that a fraction of the pores in the coatings are interconnected, which leads to leakage of the hollow shells. Boron-doped Be layers near the eutectic phase, at a concentration of similar to 11 at. %, have been added to the Be shells to significantly improve D-2 gas retention of the shells. However, there remains a considerable scatter in the measured leakage. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM xuh@fusion.gat.com RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; OI Hackenberg, Robert/0000-0002-0380-5723 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1207 DI 10.1116/1.2747622 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 196OK UT WOS:000248491700097 ER PT J AU Guo, J Tong, T Svec, L Go, J Dong, C Chiou, JW AF Guo, Jinghua Tong, Tyler Svec, Lukas Go, John Dong, Chungli Chiou, Jau-Wern TI Soft-x-ray spectroscopy experiment of liquids SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 12-17, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER AB The authors show an experimental setup to carry out soft-x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of liquids under an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) condition. The flow liquid cell has a window to attain compatibility with UHV conditions of the fluorescence spectrometer and synchrotron radiation beamline. The soft-x-ray photons enter the liquid cell through a 100 nm thick silicon nitride window, and the emitted soft x rays exit through the same window to be detected by photon diode and microchannel plate detectors. This setup allows liquids and, in particular, liquid-solid interfaces to be studied. Such a liquid cell has been used to study the electronic structure of a variety of systems ranging from water solutions of inorganic salts and nanomaterials under wet conditions. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1233 DI 10.1116/1.2747620 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 196OK UT WOS:000248491700102 ER PT J AU He, L Collins, BA Tsui, F Zhong, Y Vogt, S Chu, YS AF He, L. Collins, B. A. Tsui, F. Zhong, Y. Vogt, S. Chu, Y. S. TI Epitaxial growth of (FeCo)(x)Ge1-x(001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; GE; FILMS; BEAM AB The epitaxial growth of (FeCo)(x)Ge1-x films on Ge and GaAs (001) substrates has been studied systematically with x in the range between 0 and 17 at. %, using combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. Complementary doping using the two transition metal dopants into Ge (001) during MBE growth is shown to produce high quality coherent epitaxial films for transition metal concentrations as high as 11 at. %. As the doping level increases, rough growth occurs, which is accompanied by an increasing amount of stacking faults along the (111) directions. The crystal lattice that resulted from the rough growth exhibits a large out-of-plane tetragonal distortion. There are no detectable secondary phases up to a combined transition metal concentration of 17 at. %. The behaviors are shown to be invariant with respect to the choice of substrates. 0 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftsui@physics.unc.edu RI He, Liang/E-5935-2012; Collins, Brian/M-5182-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Collins, Brian/0000-0003-2047-8418; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1116/1.2748409 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100021 ER PT J AU Ji, L Kim, JK Ji, Q Leung, KN Chen, Y Gough, RA AF Ji, L. Kim, J.-K. Ji, Q. Leung, K.-N. Chen, Y. Gough, R. A. TI Conformal metal thin-film coatings in high-aspect-ratio trenches using a self-sputtered rf-driven plasma source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID DEPOSITION AB A thin-film coating system has been developed for the deposition of both conductive and insulating materials. The system employs a radio-frequency (rf)-discharge plasma source with four straight rf antennas, which is made of or covered with the deposition material, thus serving simultaneously as a sputtering target. The average deposition rate of the copper thin film can be as high as 500 nm/min when operated under continuous-wave mode. Film properties under different operating conditions (gas pressure and rf power) have been investigated experimentally. Three thin-film coating schemes have been developed, one of which has been demonstrated to be suitable for conformal deep-trench coating. Conformal coating over trenches of high-aspect ratio (>6: 1) has been demonstrated at both micron and submicron scales. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Chang Won 641010, South Korea. RP Ji, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lji@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1230 DI 10.1116/1.2749527 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100023 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Martin, M Hollander, M Wang, YQ Chen, Q Ma, K Yu, XK Liu, JR Chu, WK Shao, L AF Zhu, Lei Martin, M. Hollander, M. Wang, Y. Q. Chen, Q. Ma, K. Yu, X. K. Liu, J. R. Chu, Wei-Kan Shao, Lin TI Instability of junctions formed by low energy B implant and low temperature solid phase epitaxy growth SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; SI; REGROWTH; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS AB The stability of p(+)/n junctions remains a critical issue for device performance. Shallow junctions formed by low temperature solid phase epitaxy growth (LTSPEG) are not stable during additional thermal processes. Anomalous boron diffusion and boron trapping by end-of-range defects are observed during additional furnace annealing. The study shows that, by adding a (MeV) implantation step before LTSPEG, B trapping and B diffusion are significantly reduced during post-LTSPEG annealing. The technique can be used as a method to increase the stability of shallow junctions formed by LTSPEG. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Zhu, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1279 DI 10.1116/1.2749529 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100032 ER PT J AU Sterbinsky, GE Cheng, J Chiu, PT Wessels, BW Keavney, DJ AF Sterbinsky, G. E. Cheng, J. Chiu, P. T. Wessels, B. W. Keavney, D. J. TI Investigation of heteroepitaxial growth of magnetite thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IRON-OXIDE FILMS; FE3O4 FILMS AB Epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films were deposited by molecular beam epitaxy using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Films deposited on (001) SrTiO3, (001) MgO, and (001) BaTiO3 Surfaces are epitaxial with the film (001) parallel to the substrate (001) and the film < 100 > parallel to the substrate (100). X-ray magnetic circular dichroism was used to determine the relative Fe2+/Fe3+ stoichiometry of the magnetite films, which was nearly independent of oxygen partial pressure over the range studied. All films show no in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Coercive fields ranged from 0.019 to 0.039 T and depended on film roughness. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wessels, BW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM b-wessels@northwestern.edu RI Wessels, Bruce/B-7541-2009 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1389 EP 1392 DI 10.1116/1.2757185 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100048 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH Van Siclen, CD AF Farrell, H. H. Van Siclen, C. D. TI Binding energy, vapor pressure, and melting point of semiconductor nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 14-18, 2007 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP USA Res Off, Off Naval Res, Amer Vacuum Soc, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID SUPPORTED METAL-CATALYSTS; PARTICLE GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS; MODEL; MOLECULES AB Current models for the cohesive energy of nanoparticles generally predict a linear dependence on the inverse particle diameter for spherical clusters, or, equivalently, on the inverse of the cube root of the number of atoms in the cluster. Although this is generally true for metals, the authors find that for the group IV semiconductors, C, Si, and Ge, this linear dependence does not hold. Instead, using first principles, density functional theory calculations to calculate the binding energy of these materials, they find a quadratic dependence on the inverse of the particle size. Similar results have also been obtained for the metallic group IV elements Sn and Pb. This is in direct contradiction to current assumptions. Further, as a consequence of this quadratic behavior, the vapor pressure of semiconductor nanoparticles rises more slowly with decreasing size than would be expected. In addition, the melting point of these nanoparticles will experience less suppression than experienced by metal nanoparticles with comparable bulk binding energies. This nonlinearity also affects sintering or Ostwald ripening behavior of these nanoparticles as well as other physical properties that depend on the nanoparticle binding energy. The reason for this variation in size dependence involves the covalent nature of the bonding in semi conductors, and even in the "poor" metals. Therefore, it is expected that this result will hold for compound semiconductors as well as the elemental semiconductors. (C) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, MS 2211,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM helen.farrell@inl.gov NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 24 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1447 DI 10.1116/1.2748415 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100059 ER PT J AU Ahn, KS Yan, Y Ai-Jassim, M AF Ahn, Kwang-Soon Yan, Yanfa Ai-Jassim, Mowafak TI Band gap narrowing of ZnO : N films by varying rf sputtering power in O-2/N-2 mixtures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Letter ID P-TYPE ZNO; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYSIS; ENERGY AB Band gap narrowing of N-incorporated ZnO (ZnO:N) was achieved by reactive rf magnetron sputtering in O-2/N-2 mixture ambient. ZnO:N films with various band gaps were realized by varying N concentration, which was controlled successfully by varying the rf powers. When rf power was increased to 200 W, the ZnO:N films exhibited optical band gaps similar to that of Zn3N2 films. Calculations based on first-principles density-functional theory revealed that the band gap narrowing is caused by the mixing of shallower N 2p states with the valence band of ZnO. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahn, KS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kwang-soon_ahn@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP L23 EP L26 DI 10.1116/1.2746053 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100001 ER PT J AU Eliason, MT Charest, JL Simmons, BA Garcia, AJ King, WP AF Eliason, Marcus T. Charest, Joseph L. Simmons, Blake A. Garcia, Andres J. King, William P. TI Nanoimprint fabrication of polymer cell substrates with combined microscale and nanoscale topography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Letter ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; CONTACT GUIDANCE; INTEGRIN BINDING; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; LITHOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; FIBROBLASTS; SPECIFICITY AB This article reports the fabrication of polymer cell culture substrates with combined microscale and nanoscale topography. The substrates were fabricated using two embossing steps, where the microscale features were formed in the first embossing step and then the nanoscale features were formed in the second. The first embossing produced grooves either 2 or 10 mu m wide, while the second embossing produced grooves 50 nm wide on a 150 nm pitch. The 50 nm grooves were either parallel to or perpendicular to the microgrooves. Osteoblast-like cells were seeded onto the substrates and cell alignment was analyzed using immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. There was a significant decrease in alignment of cells on substrates with nanogrooves perpendicular to microgrooves as compared to those with parallel nanogrooves. This research enables cell response to be examined to complex combinations of microscale and nanoscale topography. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP King, WP (reprint author), 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wpk@uiuc.edu NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 25 IS 4 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1116/1.2748792 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206FU UT WOS:000249170100003 ER PT J AU Chan, EY Qian, WJ Diamond, DL Liu, T Gritsenko, MA Monroe, ME Camp, DG Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Chan, Eric Y. Qian, Wei-Jun Diamond, Deborah L. Liu, Tao Gritsenko, Marina A. Monroe, Matthew E. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Katze, Michael G. TI Quantitative analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected CD4(+) cell proteome: Dysregulated cell cycle progression and nuclear transport coincide with robust virus production SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIV-1 GENE-EXPRESSION; INFECTED-CELLS; TAT PROTEIN; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; DEPENDENT MECHANISM; POSITIVE MODULATOR AB Relatively little is known at the functional genomic level about the global host response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Microarray analyses by several laboratories, including our own, have revealed that HIV-1 infection causes significant changes in host mRNA abundance and regulation of several cellular biological pathways. However, it remains unclear what consequences these changes bring about at the protein level. Here we report the expression levels of similar to 3,200 proteins in the CD4+ CEMx174 cell line after infection with the LAI strain of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1); the proteins were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with stable isotope labeling and the accurate mass and time tag approach. Furthermore, we found that 687 (21%) proteins changed in abundance at the peak of virus production at 36 h postinfection. Pathway analysis revealed that the differential expression of proteins was concentrated in select biological pathways, exemplified by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in ubiquitination, carrier proteins in nucleocytoplasmic transport, cyclin-dependent kinase in cell cycle progression, and pyruvate dehydrogenase of the citrate cycle pathways. Moreover, we observed changes in the abundance of proteins with known interactions with HIV-1 viral proteins. Our proteomic analysis captured changes in the host protein milieu at the time of robust virus production, depicting changes in cellular processes that may contribute to virus replication. Continuing analyses are expected to focus on blocking virus replication by targeting these pathways and their effector proteins. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550 FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009229, T32 CA09229]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, P51 RR000166, RR00166, RR018522]; NIDA NIH HHS [1P30DA01562501] NR 96 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 14 BP 7571 EP 7583 DI 10.1128/JVI.00288-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 188UF UT WOS:000247944100022 PM 17494070 ER PT J AU Peterson, JD Wood, MB Hopkins, WA Unrine, JM Mendonca, MT AF Peterson, John D. Wood, Maranda B. Hopkins, William A. Unrine, Jason M. Mendonca, Mary T. TI Prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in American bullfrog and southern leopard frog larvae from wetlands on the Savannah River site, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytrid; Rana; tadpole; trace element ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; RANA-CATESBEIANA; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; MORTALITY; TADPOLES; ELEMENTS; TOADS AB Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an aquatic fungus, has been linked to recent amphibian population declines. Few surveys have assessed B. dendrobatidis infections in areas where the disease is suggested to be less virulent and population declines have not been observed, such as southeastern North America. Although adult Rana catesbeiana and Rana sphenocephala from the Savannah River Site, South Carolina collected in 1979 and 1982 were identified as having B. dendrobatidis, it is unknown whether the fungus is currently present at the site or if susceptibility to infection varies among species or wetlands with different histories of environmental contamination. From 15 May through 15 August 2004, we collected R. catesbeiana and R. sphenocephala tadpoles from three wetlands with differing contamination histories on the Savannah River Site South Carolina. We found B. dendrobatidis in only one of the wetlands we surveyed. Batrachochytrium, dendrobatidis infection was identified in 64% of the R. catesbeiana tadpoles sampled and histologically assessed (n=50) from a wetland contaminated with mercury, copper, arid zinc. No R. sphenocephala tadpoles from this site (n=50) were infected. In combination with a recently published report, our data suggest that B. dendrobatidis has been present at the Savannah River Site for over 25 yr but has not caused any apparent population declines. This time period is similar to the known presence of 30 yr of B. dendrobatidis in northeastern North America. Our data suggest that R. sphenocephala larvae might be resistant to infection, even when occupying the same wetland as the infected R. catesbeiana. Our survey did not clarify the effects of environmental contamination on infection severity, but our study stresses the importance of additional field surveys to document how this pathogen is affecting amphibians globally. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Peterson, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM peterj1@auburn.edu NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 450 EP 460 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100013 PM 17699083 ER PT J AU Ward, RD Davis, SW Cho, M Esposito, C Lyons, RH Cheng, JF Rubin, EM Rhodes, SJ Raetzman, LT Smith, TPL Camper, SA AF Ward, Robert D. Davis, Shannon W. Cho, MinChul Esposito, Constance Lyons, Robert H. Cheng, Jan-Fang Rubin, Edward M. Rhodes, Simon J. Raetzman, Lori T. Smith, Timothy P. L. Camper, Sally A. TI Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID PITUITARY-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; GROWTH-HORMONE; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; GONADOTROPE DIFFERENTIATION; FUGU-RUBRIPES; CELL-SURVIVAL; EXPRESSION; MUTATION; ENHANCER; PIT-1 AB Mutations in PROP1 are a common genetic cause of multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). We used a comparative genomics approach to predict the transcriptional regulatory domains of Prop1 and tested them in cell culture and mice. A BAC transgene containing Prop1 completely rescues the Prop1 mutant phenotype, demonstrating that the regulatory elements necessary for proper PROP1 transcription are contained within the BAC. We generated DNA sequences from the PROP1 genes in lemur, pig, and five different primate species. Comparison of these with available human and mouse Prop1 sequences identified three putative regulatory sequences that are highly conserved. These are located in the Prop1 promoter proximal region, within the first intron of Prop1, and downstream of Prop1. Each of the conserved elements elicited orientation-specific enhancer activity in the context of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase minimal promoter in both heterologous and pituitary-derived cells lines. The intronic element is sufficient to confer dorsal expansion of the pituitary expression domain of a transgene, suggesting that this element is important for the normal spatial expression of endogenous Prop1 during pituitary development. This study illustrates the usefulness of a comparative genomics approach in the identification of regulatory elements that may be the site of mutations responsible for some cases of MPHD. C1 Univ Michigan, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US DOE, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ward, RD (reprint author), 4909 Buhl Bldg,1241 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM scamper@umich.edu OI Camper, Sally/0000-0001-8556-3379 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46592, P30 CA046592]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR20557]; NICHD NIH HHS [R37HD30428, R01HD34283, R01 HD034283, R37 HD030428]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07367, F32 DK60306, T32 DK007367, F32 DK060306]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM07315, T32 GM007315, T32 GM007863, T32 GM07863] NR 81 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6-7 BP 521 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s00335-007-9008-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 205OY UT WOS:000249125700014 PM 17557180 ER PT J AU Oh, W Jeon, S AF Oh, Wonseok Jeon, Sangyong TI Membership herding and network stability in the open source community: The Ising perspective SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE open source; Ising theory; membership herding; network connectivity; network stability ID OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; UNCERTAINTY; INVESTMENT; MOTIVATION; INNOVATION; ECONOMICS AB The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to conceptually understand membership dynamics in the open source software (OSS) community, and (2) to explore how different network characteristics (i.e., network size and connectivity) influence the stability of an OSS network. Through the lens of Ising theory, which is widely accepted in physics, we investigate basic patterns of interaction and present fresh conceptual insight into dynamic and reciprocal relations among OSS community members. We also perform computer simulations based on empirical data collected from two actual OSS communities. Key findings include: (1) membership herding is highly present when external influences (e.g., the availability of other OSS projects) are weak, but decreases significantly when external influences increase, (2) propensity for membership herding is most likely to be seen in a large network with random connectivity, and (3) for large networks, when external influences are weak, random connectivity will result in higher network strength than scale-free connectivity (as external influences increase, however, the reverse phenomenon is observed). In addition, scale-free connectivity appears to be less volatile than random connectivity in response to an increase in the strength of external influences. We conclude with several implications that may be of significance to OSS stakeholders in particular, and to a broader range of online communities in general. C1 McGill Univ, Desautels Fac Management, Montreal, PQ H3A 1G5, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Oh, W (reprint author), McGill Univ, Desautels Fac Management, 1001 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 1G5, Canada. EM wonseok.oh@mcgill.ca; jeon@physics.mcgill.ca RI Oh, Wonseok/A-2343-2013 NR 48 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 27 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0025-1909 EI 1526-5501 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1101 DI 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0623 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 200FU UT WOS:000248750100005 ER PT J AU Trimm, M AF Trimm, Marvin TI NDT industry, we have a problem! SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Trimm, M (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, 730-A Room 102, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM marvin.trimm@sml.doe.go NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 7 BP 675 EP 676 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 183WZ UT WOS:000247604400001 ER PT J AU Reed, EJ Armstrong, MR Kim, K Soljacic, M Gee, R Glownia, JH Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, Evan J. Armstrong, Michael R. Kim, Kiyong Soljacic, Marin Gee, Richard Glownia, James H. Joannopoulos, John D. TI Terahertz radiation from shocked materials SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Review ID INDUCED ELECTRICAL-POLARIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; LASER AB Distinct physical mechanisms for the generation of temporally coherent, narrow bandwidth optical radiation are few and rare in nature. Such sources, including lasers, have widespread applications ranging from spectroscopy to interferometry. We review the recent theoretical prediction of a new type of temporally coherent optical radiation source in the 1-100 THz frequency range that can be realized when crystalline polarizable materials like NaCl are subject to a compressive shock wave. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Res Lab Elect, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reed23@llnl.gov RI Armstrong, Michael/I-9454-2012 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7-8 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70179-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 184GC UT WOS:000247628100020 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Jiang, F Liaw, PK AF Morris, J. R. Jiang, F. Liaw, P. K. TI A simple model for examining composition effects in eutectic nucleation SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Awaji Isl, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Inst Mat Res, Tohoku Univ, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Hyogo Int Assoc HO Osaka Univ DE metallic glass; nucleation; phase diagram; nickel; niobium ID METALLIC GLASSES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; RANDOM PACKING; LIQUIDS; SPHERES; ALLOYS; ORDER AB We present a simple thermodynamic calculation for a strongly partitioning eutectic system, to examine how the critical nucleus energy changes. depending upon assumptions of the chemical diffusion. The calculations show that for strongly partitioning systems, the maximum undercooling may occur at a composition significantly different than the eurectic composition, particularly if the rate of diffusion is slow in the undercooled state. These simple calculations emphasize the role that partitioning and composition may play in determining optimal compositions in metallic glass systems. which typically occur near (but not at) deep eutectic compositions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1675 EP 1679 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MJ200778 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 200DC UT WOS:000248743100020 ER PT J AU Egami, T Levashov, V Aga, RS Morris, JR AF Egami, T. Levashov, V. Aga, R. S. Morris, J. R. TI Atomic dynamics in metallic liquids and glasses SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Awaji Isl, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Inst Mat Res, Tohoku Univ, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Hyogo Int Assoc HO Osaka Univ DE atomic dynamics; metallic glasses; glass transition ID FREE-VOLUME MODEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TRANSITION; ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; SPHERES; SOLIDS; ORDER AB How atoms move in metallic glasses and liquids is an important question in discussing atomic transport, glass formation. structural relaxation and other properties of metallic glasses. While the concept of free-volume has long been used in describing atomic transport, computer simulations and isotope measurements have shown that atomic transport occurs by a much more collective process than assumed in the free-volume theory. We introduce a new approach to describe the atomic dynamics in metallic glasses, in terms of local energy landscapes related to fluctuations in the topology of atomic connectivity. This approach may form the basis for a new paradigm for discussing the structure-properties relationship in metallic glasses. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1729 EP 1733 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MJ200763 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 200DC UT WOS:000248743100031 ER PT J AU Li, HQ Fan, C Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Li, Hongqi Fan, Cang Choo, Hahn Liaw, Peter K. TI Temperature-dependent mechanical property of Zr-based metallic glasses SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Awaji Isl, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Inst Mat Res, Tohoku Univ, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Hyogo Int Assoc HO Osaka Univ DE metallic glass; mechanical behavior; cryogenic temperature ID COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; THICKNESS AB The compression tests were conducted on four Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with different Nb contents. The results show that the addition of few percent Nb did not change the mechanical property. At 77 K, the strength increased notably without embrittlement. Furthermore, it is suggested that the normalized strength changes linearly with the normalized temperature. Current results provided important evidences that BMGs have a great application perspective at cryogenic temperatures. In addition, it is found that at ambient temperature, the BMGs do not exhibit strain rate sensitivity. However, the strength is dependent on the strain rate at high and cryogenic temperatures. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, HQ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hqli@utk.edu RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1752 EP 1754 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MJ200757 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 200DC UT WOS:000248743100036 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Liu, FX Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, W. H. Liu, F. X. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. TI Effect of structural relaxation on mechanical behavior of a Zr-based bulk-metallic glass SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL Osaka Univ, Awaji Isl, JAPAN SP Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Inst Mat Res, Tohoku Univ, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Hyogo Int Assoc HO Osaka Univ DE bulk metallic glass; structural relaxation; mechanical properties ID FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; RATE DEPENDENCE; SHEAR BANDS; EMBRITTLEMENT; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS AB Using the instrumented nanoindentation and differential-scanning calorimetry, the effect of the structural relaxation at the elevated temperature on the Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10.0Ti5.0 bulk-metallic glass was investigated. The structural relaxation did not exert a significant influence on the plastic-flow behavior. However, the relaxation enhanced both the hardness and elastic modulus substantially. The decrease in the structural relaxation enthalpy before the glass transition indicates that the relaxation reduced the free volume significantly. The increase in the hardness and elastic modulus is attributed to the reduction in the free Volume that resulted from the relaxation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1781 EP 1784 DI 10.2320/matertrans.MJ200734 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 200DC UT WOS:000248743100042 ER PT J AU Chowell, G Ammon, CE Hengartner, NW Hyman, JM AF Chowell, Gerardo Ammon, Catherine E. Hengartner, Nicolas W. Hyman, James M. TI Estimating the reproduction number from the initial phase of the Spanish flu pandemic waves in Geneva, Switzerland SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Spanish flu; 1918 influenza pandemic; reproduction number; bootstrapping; nonlinear curve fitting; uncertainty quantification; Geneva; Switzerland. ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; INFLUENZA; EPIDEMIC; MODEL; INTERVENTIONS; IMPACT AB At the outset of an influenza pandemic, early estimates of the number of secondary cases generated by a primary influenza case (reproduction number, R) and its associated uncertainty can help determine the intensity of interventions necessary for control. Using a compartmental model and hospital notification data of the first two waves of the Spanish flu pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland in 1918, we estimate the reproduction number from the early phase of the pandemic waves. For the spring and fall pandemic waves, we estimate reproduction numbers of 1.57 (95% Cl: 1.45, 1.70) and 3.10 (2.81, 3.39), respectively, from the initial epidemic phase comprising the first 10 epidemic days of the corresponding wave. Estimates of the variance of our point estimates of R were computed via a parametric bootstrap. We compare these estimates with others obtained using different observation windows to provide insight into how early into an epidemic the reproduction number can be estimated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CMU, Fac Med, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Los Alamaos Natl Lab, Discrete Simulat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chowell@lanl.gov; catherine-ammon@bluewin.ch; nickh@lanl.gov; hyman@lanl.gov RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1547-1063 J9 MATH BIOSCI ENG JI Math. Biosci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 457 EP 470 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 168VO UT WOS:000246552300004 PM 17658935 ER PT J AU Reluga, TC Medlock, J AF Reluga, Timothy C. Medlock, Jan TI Resistance mechanisms matter in SIR models SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE behavioral resistance; immunological resistance; immunity; resistance bookkeeping ID DISEASE TRANSMISSION; BACKWARD BIFURCATION; REPRODUCTION NUMBERS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC MODELS; VACCINATION; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY; TUBERCULOSIS; REINFECTION AB We compare four SIR-style models describing behavioral or immunological disease resistance that may be both partial and temporary in parameter regions feasible for interpandemic influenza. For the models studied, backward bifurcations and bistability may occur in contexts where resistance is due to behavior change, but they do not occur when resistance originates from an immune response. Care must be exercised to ensure that modeling assumptions about resistance are consistent with the biological mechanisms under study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Reluga, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM timothy@reluga.org; jan.medlock@yale.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433]; NIMH NIH HHS [2 T32 MH020031-07] NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1547-1063 J9 MATH BIOSCI ENG JI Math. Biosci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 553 EP 563 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 168VO UT WOS:000246552300010 PM 17658941 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M Tseng, P Wright, SJ AF Anitescu, Mihai Tseng, Paul Wright, Stephen J. TI Elastic-mode algorithms for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints: global convergence and stationarity properties SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; equilibrium constraints; complementarity constraints; elastic-mode formulation; strong stationarity; C-stationarity; M-stationarity ID COMPLEMENTARITY CONSTRAINTS; OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; REGULARIZATION; OPTIMALITY; POINT AB The elastic-mode formulation of the problem of minimizing a nonlinear function subject to equilibrium constraints has appealing local properties in that, for a finite value of the penalty parameter, local solutions satisfying first- and second-order necessary optimality conditions for the original problem are also first- and second-order points of the elastic-mode formulation. Here we study global convergence properties of methods based on this formulation, which involve generating an (exact or inexact) first- or second-order point of the formulation, for nondecreasing values of the penalty parameter. Under certain regularity conditions on the active constraints, we establish finite or asymptotic convergence to points having a certain stationarity property (such as strong stationarity, M-stationarity, or C-stationarity). Numerical experience with these approaches is discussed. In particular, our analysis and the numerical evidence show that exact complementarity can be achieved finitely even when the elastic-mode formulation is solved inexactly. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov; tseng@math.washington.edu; swright@cs.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 337 EP 371 DI 10.1007/s10107-006-0005-4 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 151DR UT WOS:000245269700005 ER PT J AU Olsen, MG Bourdon, CJ AF Olsen, Michael G. Bourdon, Christopher J. TI Random error due to Brownian motion in microscopic particle image velocimetry SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microfluidics; microPIV; Brownian motion; measurement error ID CROSS-CORRELATION ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT; PIV MEASUREMENTS; MU-PIV; FLOW; TURBULENCE; DEPTH AB Simulations were performed to determine the applicability of the central limit theorem in predicting the experimental error in particle image velocimetry experiments caused by the random motion of seed particles due to Brownian motion. For an idealized light-sheet PIV experiment, it was found that the central limit theorem accurately predicts the experimental error when the rms particle motion due to Brownian motion is less than approximately 1 pixel. For rms particle motion greater than this, the central limit theorem underpredicts the random error due to Brownian motion. For all of the microPIV cases investigated, it was found that the central limit theorem always underpredicts the random error due to Brownian motion. This discrepancy between the predicted error and measured error was found to increase with increasing random particle displacement due to Brownian motion. Finally, an empirical formula was developed to predict the rms error due to Brownian motion. Because a direct application of the central limit theorem was found to significantly underpredict the rms error in microPIV experiments, this empirical formula could be useful in interpreting the results from microPIV experiments. The empirical formula was found accurate to within 6% for all cases investigated in the simulations. Thus, the empirical formula can provide a substantial improvement in accurately predicting rms error compared to applying the central limit theorem, which was found to underpredict the random error due to Brownian motion in microPIV experiments by as much as 54% for a 1 pixel rms displacement. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olsen, MG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 2025 HM Black Engn Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mgolsen@iastate.edu RI Olsen, Michael/B-2118-2010 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1963 EP 1972 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/024 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 180XH UT WOS:000247400800028 ER PT J AU Flowers, D Killingsworth, N Dibble, R AF Flowers, Daniel Killingsworth, Nick Dibble, Robert TI Technoldigy focus - Power transmission and motion control - In pursuit of new engine dynamics SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT News Item C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flowers, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 129 IS 7 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 186NB UT WOS:000247784300023 ER PT J AU Garinis, GA Patil, CK Schumacher, B AF Garinis, George A. Patil, Christopher K. Schumacher, Bjoern TI "The molecular basis of aging": The boehringer ingelheim fonds 95th international titisee conference SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE aging; international titisee conference; stress resistance; longevity; DNA damage; senescence; cancer ID LIFE-SPAN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE; CANCER; P53; LONGEVITY; HEART C1 Erasmus Univ, Dept Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schumacher, B (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Dept Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM cpatil@lbl.gov; b.schumacher@erasmusmc.nl RI Schumacher, Bjorn/I-4829-2013 OI Schumacher, Bjorn/0000-0001-6097-5238 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 128 IS 7-8 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2007.06.002 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 212MB UT WOS:000249599500011 PM 17643476 ER PT J AU McCartney, G Lee, PD Han, QY AF McCartney, Graham Lee, Peter D. Han, Qingyou TI John D. Hunt symposium on solidification modeling and microstructure formation - Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP McCartney, G (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1377 EP 1377 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300001 ER PT J AU Lu, SZ Liu, S AF Lu, Shuzu Liu, Shan TI The growth of a single cell/dendrite in a directional solidification process SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID ALLOYS; SPACINGS; VELOCITY; ARRAY; CELL AB Following the original model for a single cell/dendrite growth by Hunt, [51 systematic numerical simulations are carried out with focus on cell shape evolution and tip radius selection in a directional solidification process conducted in a capillary tube. Computations indicate that the anisotropy of solid/liquid interfacial energy and the diameter of a capillary tube have significant influences on the selection of a tip shape. The anisotropy in dilute SCN-salol alloys has been determined through the equilibrium droplet shape method and its value is 1.09 pct. The calculated cell/dendrite shapes with this value of anisotropy agree with experimental observations where a single cell/dendrite of SCN-salol alloys grows in a capillary tube. C1 Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM shanliu@ameslab.gov RI Lu, Shu-Zu/E-9054-2012 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1378 EP 1387 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9024-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300002 ER PT J AU Walker, H Liu, S Lee, JH Trivedi, R AF Walker, H. Liu, Shan Lee, J. H. Trivedi, R. TI Eutectic growth in three dimensions SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID LIQUID SURFACE ENERGIES; PB-SN; LAMELLAR; SYSTEMS; AL-CUAL2; SOLIDIFICATION; SELECTION AB Critical experimental studies have been carried out to examine the stability of eutectic morphology in three-dimensional (3-D) samples under diffusive growth conditions. By directionally solidifying capillary samples of the well -characterized Al-Cu eutectic alloy, it is shown that the observed minimum spacing agrees with the value predicted by the Jackson and Hunt (JH) model, but the range of stable spacing is reduced significantly in three dimensions. The ratio of the maximum to minimum eutectic spacing in three dimensions is found to be only 1.2 compared to the predicted value of 2.0 in two dimensions. The narrow range of stable spacing is shown to be due to the instabilities in the third dimension that forms when the local spacing becomes larger than some critical spacing value, which corresponds to the maximum stable spacing. A new mechanism of lamellar creation in the third dimension is observed in which lamella with a local spacing larger than the critical value becomes unstable and forms a sidewise perturbation that becomes enlarged at the leading front and then propagates parallel to the lamella to create a new lamella. Alternately, an array of sidewise perturbations form, which then coalesce at their leading fronts and then become detached from the parent lamella to form a new lamella. C1 Bodycote Testing Inc, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77040 USA. Iowa State Univ, Div Mat & Engn Phys, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Bodycote Testing Inc, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houston, TX 77040 USA. EM trivedi@ameslab.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1425 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9163-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300006 ER PT J AU Kalay, YE Chumbley, LS Anderson, IE Napolitano, RE AF Kalay, Y. E. Chumbley, L. S. Anderson, I. E. Napolitano, R. E. TI Characterization of hypereutectic Al-Si powders solidified under far-from equilibrium conditions SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; EUTECTIC GROWTH; DROPLETS; ALLOYS AB The rapid solidification microstructure of gas-atomized Al-Si powders of 15, 18, 25, and 50 wt pet Si were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order of increasing particle size, the powders exhibited microcellular Al, cellular/dendritic Al, eutectic Al, and primary Si growth morphologies. Interface velocity and undercooling were estimated from measured eutectic spacing based on the Trivedi-Magnin-Kurz (TMK) model, permitting a direct comparison with theoretical predictions of solidification morphology. Based on our observations, additional conditions for high-undercooling morphological transitions are proposed as an extension of coupled-zone predictions. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kalay, YE (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yekalay@iastate.edu NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1452 EP 1457 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9168-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300010 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS Porter, WD AF Sabau, Adrian S. Porter, Wallace D. TI Analysis of a heat-flux differential scanning calorimetry instrument SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID SOLIDIFICATION; ALLOYS; DSC AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements are used to estimate the fractional latent heat release during phase changes. There are temperature lags inherent to the instruments due to the temperature measurement at a different location than that of the sample and reference materials. Recently, Dong and Hun([1]) showed that significant improvement in estimating the fractional latent heat can be obtained when detailed simulations of the heat transfer within the instrument are performed. The Netzsch DSC 404C instrument, with a high accuracy heat capacity sensor, is considered in this study. This instrument had a different configuration than that studied by Dong and Hunt.([1]) The applicability of Dong and Hunt's approach to this instrument is investigated. It was found that the DSC instrument could be described by numerous parameters but that model parameters were difficult to estimate. Numerical simulation results are presented and compared with experimental results for the fractional latent heat of a commercial A356 aluminum alloy. Once the thermal lag was significantly reduced, the onset temperature of the eutectic phase transformation was in excellent agreement with previously reported values. The use of this new fractional latent heat data allowed accurate predictions of the cooling curves during casting solidification. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1546 EP 1554 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9136-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300020 ER PT J AU Liu, S Teng, J Choi, JY AF Liu, Shan Teng, Jing Choi, Jeongyun TI Determination of the solute diffusion coefficient by the droplet migration method SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification Modeling and Microstructure Formation held at the 2006 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID CELLULAR DENDRITES; FORCED VELOCITY; LIQUID DROPLETS; BINARY-ALLOYS; SOLIDIFICATION; SUCCINONITRILE; SYSTEM AB Further analysis of droplet migration in a temperature gradient field indicates that different terms can be used to evaluate the solute diffusion coefficient in liquid (DL) and that there exists a characteristic curve that can describe the motion of all the droplets for a given composition and temperature gradient. Critical experiments are subsequently conducted in succinonitrile (SCN)-salol and SCN-camphor transparent alloys in order to observe dynamic migration processes of a number of droplets. The derived diffusion coefficients from different terms are the same within experimental error. For SCN-salol alloys, D-L = (0.69 +/- 0.05) x 10(-1) mm(2)/s, and for SCN-camphor alloys, D-L = (0.24 +/- 0.02) x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. C1 Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM shanliu@ameslab.gov RI Teng, Jing/D-2970-2009 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1555 EP 1562 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9164-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300021 ER PT J AU Lin, YJ McHugh, KM Zhou, YZ Lavernia, EJ AF Lin, Yaojun McHugh, Kevin M. Zhou, Yizhang Lavernia, Enrique J. TI Modeling the spray forming of H13 steel tooling SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DROPLET-BASED DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION AB On the basis of a numerical model, the temperature and liquid fraction of spray-formed H13 tool steel are calculated as a function of time. Results show that a preheated substrate at the appropriate temperature can lead to very low porosity by increasing the liquid fraction in the deposited steel. The calculated cooling rate can lead to a microstructure consisting of martensite, lower bainite, retained austenite, and proeutectoid carbides in as-spray-formed material. In the temperature range between the solidus and liquidus temperatures, the calculated temperature of the spray-formed material increases with increasing substrate preheat temperature, resulting in a very low porosity by increasing the liquid fraction of the deposited steel. In the temperature region where austenite decomposition occurs, the substrate preheat temperature has a negligible influence on the cooling rate of the spray-formed material. On the basis of the calculated results, it is possible to generate sufficient liquid fraction during spray forming by using a high growth rate of the deposit without preheating the substrate, and the growth rate of the deposit has almost no influence on the cooling rate in the temperature region of austenite decomposition. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Praxair Elect, Dept Technol, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Ind & Mat Technol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yaojun81@yahoo.com RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1632 EP 1637 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9159-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300029 ER PT J AU Paggett, JW Krawitz, AD Drake, EF Bourke, MAM Clausen, B Brown, DW AF Paggett, J. W. Krawitz, A. D. Drake, E. F. Bourke, M. A. M. Clausen, B. Brown, D. W. TI In-situ response of WC-Ni composites under compressive load SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL RESIDUAL-STRESS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CO COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; CERMETS; SIZE AB The in-situ strain response of WC-Ni cemented carbides (5, 10, and 20 wt pct Ni) to uniaxial compressive load was measured using neutron diffraction. Strain was measured in both phases parallel and transverse to the loading axis of cylindrical samples. Plasticity is observed in the Ni binder from the lowest levels of applied load. The plasticity occurs locally in the Ni phase, on the scale of the microstructure, and leads to continuous curvature of the WC-Ni stress-strain curves and significant toughness of the material. The plasticity results from the interaction of the thermal residual microstresses created during sample production with the applied macrostress. It also leads to anisotropic relaxation of the initial residual stress and the creation of a residual stress state with cylindrical symmetry in the material. This process was observed over three load-unload cycles. Analysis enables phase-specific stress strain curves to be constructed. Finally, strain distributions were observed through peak breadth responses. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ReedHycalog, Houston, TX 77252 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paggett, JW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM krawitza@missouri.edu RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1638 EP 1648 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9196-4 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300030 ER PT J AU Tatlock, GJ Dyadko, EG Dryepondt, SN Wright, IG AF Tatlock, Gordon J. Dyadko, Eugene G. Dryepondt, Sebastien N. Wright, Ian G. TI Pulsed plasma-assisted diffusion bonding of oxide dispersion-Strengthened-FeCrAl alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The successful joining of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloy PM2000 rods by pulsed plasma-assisted diffusion bonding is reported. During secondary recrystallization after joining, the alloy grains grew across the original interface, which was then marked by a row of remnant alumina particles. These did not appear to act as pinning sites for the alloy grain boundaries, which moved easily past them, leaving a strong diffusion bond. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. MER Corp, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tatlock, GJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM g.j.tatlock@liv.ac.uk NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38A IS 7 BP 1663 EP 1665 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9233-3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 196VW UT WOS:000248511300032 ER PT J AU Barzyk, JG Savina, MR Davis, AM Gallino, R Gyngard, F Amari, S Zinner, E Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Clayton, RN AF Barzyk, J. G. Savina, M. R. Davis, A. M. Gallino, R. Gyngard, F. Amari, S. Zinner, E. Pellin, M. J. Lewis, R. S. Clayton, R. N. TI Constraining the C-13 neutron source in AGB stars through isotopic analysis of trace elements in presolar SiC SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; LOW-MASS; MURCHISON METEORITE; STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Analyses of the isotopic compositions of multiple elements (Mo, Zr, and Ba) in individual mainstream presolar SiC grains were done by resonant ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS). While most heavy element compositions were consistent with model predictions for the slow neutron capture process (s-process) in low-mass (1.5-3 M-circle dot) asymptotic giant branch stars of solar metallicity when viewed on single-elernent three-isotope plots, grains with compositions deviating from model predictions were identified on multi-element plots. These grains have compositions that cannot result from any neutron capture process but can be explained by contamination in some elements with solar system material. Previous work in which only one heavy element per grain was examined has been unable to identify contaminated grains. The multi-element analyses of this study detected contaminated grains which were subsequently eliminated from consideration. The uncontaminated grains form a data set with a greatly reduced spread on the three-isotope plots of each element measured, corresponding to a smaller range of C-13 pocket efficiencies in parent AGB stars. Furthermore, due to this reduced spread, the nature of the stellar starting material, previously interpreted as having solar isotopic composition, is uncertain. The constraint on C-13 pocket efficiencies in parent stars of these grains may help uncover the mechanism responsible for formation of C-13, the primary neutron source for s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass stars. C1 US EPA, Nalt Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Monash Univ, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barzyk, JG (reprint author), US EPA, Nalt Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM barzyk.julia@epa.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1103 EP 1119 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200005 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Yurimoto, H Hutcheon, ID Chaussidon, M Macpherson, GJ Paque, J AF Krot, Alexander N. Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Hutcheon, Ian D. Chaussidon, Marc Macpherson, Glenn J. Paque, Julie TI Remelting of refractory inclusions in the chondrule-forming regions: Evidence from chondrule-bearing type C calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from Allende SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; CV3 CHONDRITES; CONTEMPORANEOUS FORMATION; MULTISTAGE FORMATION; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; IGNEOUS RIMS; NEBULA AB We describe the mineralogy, petrology, oxygen, and magnesium isotope compositions of three coarse-grained, igneous, anorthite-rich (type C) Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) (ABC, TS26, and 93) that are associated with ferromagnesian chondrule-like silicate materials from the CV carbonaceous chondrite Allende. The CAIs consist of lath-shaped anorthite (An(99)), Cr-bearing Al-Ti-diopside (Al and Ti contents are highly variable), spinet, and highly akermanitic and Na-rich melilite (angstrom k(63-74), 0.4-0.6 wt% Na2O). TS26 and 93 lack Wark-Lovering rim layers; ABC is a CAI fragment missing the outermost part. The peripheral portions of TS26 and ABC are enriched in SiO2 and depleted in TiO2 and Al2O3 compared to their cores and contain relict ferromagnesian chondrule fragments composed of forsteritic olivine (Fa(6-8)) and low-Ca pyroxene/pigeonite (Fs(1)Wo(1-9)). The relict grains are corroded by Al-Ti-diopside of the host CAIs and surrounded by haloes of augite (Fs(0.5)Wo(30-42)). The outer portion of CAI 93 enriched in spinet is overgrown by coarse-grained pigeonite (Fs(0.5-2)Wo(5-17)), augite (Fs(0.5)Wo(38-42)), and anorthitic plagioclase (An(84)). Relict olivine and low-Ca pyroxene/pigeonite in ABC and TS26, and the pigeonite-augite rim around 93 are O-16-poor (Delta O-17 similar to -1 parts per thousand to -8 parts per thousand). Spinel and Al-Ti-diopside in cores of CAIs ABC, TS26, and 93 are O-16-enriched (Delta O-17 down to -20 parts per thousand), whereas Al-Ti-diopside in the outer zones, as well as melilite and anorthite, are O-16-depleted to various degrees (Delta O-17 = -11 parts per thousand to 2 parts per thousand). In contrast to typical Allende CAIs that have the canonical initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of similar to 5 x 10(-5), ABC, 93, and TS26 are Al-26-poor with (Al-26/Al-27)(0) ratios of (4.7 +/- 1.4) x 10(-6), (1.5 +/- 1.8) x 10(-6), and <1.2 x 10(-6), respectively. We conclude that ABC, TS26, and 93 experienced remelting with addition of ferromagnesian chondrule silicates and incomplete oxygen isotopic exchange in an O-16-poor gaseous reservoir, probably in the chondrule-forming region. This melting episode could have reset the Al-26-Mg-26 systematics of the host CAIs, suggesting it occurred similar to 2 Myr after formation of most CAIs. These observations and the common presence of relict CAIs inside chondrules suggest that CAIs predated formation of chondrules. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CNRS, CRPG, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, NHB, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sasha@higp.hawaii.edu RI Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017 NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1197 EP 1219 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200011 ER PT J AU Boyd, ES Cummings, DE Geesey, GG AF Boyd, Eric S. Cummings, David E. Geesey, Gill G. TI Mineralogy influences structure and diversity of ba communities associated with geological substrata in a pristine aquifer SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED TRANSPORT PROCESSES; RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; DEEP SUBSURFACE; BACTERIAL; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; BIAS; DNA AB Our understanding of mineralogical influences on subsurface microbial community structure and diversity has been difficult to assess due to difficulties in isolating this variable from others in the subsurface environment. In this study, biofilm coupons were used to isolate specific geological substrata from the surrounding geological matrix during colonization by microorganisms suspended in the surrounding groundwater for an 8-week period. Upon retrieval, the structure and diversity of the microbial community associated with each type of substratum was evaluated using 16S rDNA-based terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Phylogenetic affiliations of the populations associated with each type of substratum were established based on sequence analysis of near full-length 16S rDNA obtained through construction of a clone library. Hematite, quartz, and saprolite each harbored a community dominated by members of the division Proteobacteria (>67% of community). However, the different substrata selected for different subdivisions of bacteria: within the Proteobacteria. After accounting for the influence exerted by substratum type on recovery of DNA from the attached populations, both phylogenetic data and Jaccard and Bray-Curtis similarity indices derived from terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) profiles suggested a strong mineralogical influence on the structure and composition of the solid phase-associated community. The results suggest that mineralogical heterogeneity influences microbial community structure and diversity in pristine aquifers. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Geesey, GG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gill_g@erc.montana.edu NR 46 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 170 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9187-9 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 193VT UT WOS:000248304000019 PM 17364247 ER PT J AU Shi, L Squier, TC Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK AF Shi, Liang Squier, Thomas C. Zachara, John M. Fredrickson, James K. TI Respiration of metal (hydr)oxides by Shewanella and Geobacter: a key role for multihaem c-type cytochromes SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ONEIDENSIS STRAIN MR-1; II PROTEIN SECRETION; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; NITRITE REDUCTASE; MN(IV) REDUCTION; GENOME SEQUENCE; OMCA AB Dissimilatory reduction of metal (e.g. Fe, Mn) (hydr)oxides represents a challenge for microorganisms, as their cell envelopes are impermeable to metal (hydr)oxides that are poorly soluble in water. To overcome this physical barrier, the Gram-negative bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Geobacter sulfurreducens have developed electron transfer (ET) strategies that require multihaem c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts). In S. oneidensis MR-1, multihaem c-Cyts CymA and MtrA are believed to transfer electrons from the inner membrane quinone/quinol pool through the periplasm to the outer membrane. The type 11 secretion system of S. oneidensis MR-1 has been implicated in the reduction of metal (hydr)oxides, most likely by translocating decahaem c-Cyts MtrC and OmcA across outer membrane to the surface of bacterial cells where they form a protein complex. The extracellular MtrC and OmcA can directly reduce solid metal (hydr)oxides. Likewise, outer membrane multihaem c-Cyts OmcE and OmcS of G. sulfurreducens are suggested to transfer electrons from outer membrane to type IV pili that are hypothesized to relay the electrons to solid metal (hydr)oxides. Thus, multihaem c-Cyts play critical roles in S. oneidensis MR-1- and G. sulfurreducens-mediated dissimilatory reduction of solid metal (hydr)oxides by facilitating ET across the bacterial cell envelope. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM liang.shi@pnl.gov; jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov NR 47 TC 269 Z9 279 U1 13 U2 130 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05783.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 187TO UT WOS:000247871600002 PM 17581116 ER PT J AU Fraser, JS Merlie, JP Echols, N Weisfield, SR Mignot, T Wemmer, DE Zusman, DR Alber, T AF Fraser, James S. Merlie, John P., Jr. Echols, Nathaniel Weisfield, Shellie R. Mignot, Tam Wemmer, David E. Zusman, David R. Alber, Tom TI An atypical receiver domain controls the dynamic polar localization of the Myxococcus xanthus social motility protein FrzS SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL GLIDING MOTILITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SYNECHOCOCCUS-ELONGATUS; MIMICS PHOSPHORYLATION; RESPONSE REGULATORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; CHEY; CHEMOTAXIS; PHOSPHATASE AB The Myxococcus xanthus FrzS protein transits from pole-to-pole within the cell, accumulating at the pole that defines the direction of movement in social (S) motility. Here we show using atom ic-resol ution crystallography and NMR that the FrzS receiver domain (RD) displays the conserved switch Tyr102 in an unusual conformation, lacks the conserved Asp phosphorylation site, and fails to bind Mg2+ or the phosphoryl analogue, Mg2+BeF3- Mutation of Asp55, closest to the canonical site of RD phosphorylation, showed no motility phenotype in vivo, demonstrating that phosphorylation at this site is not necessary for domain function. In contrast, the Tyr102AIa and His92Phe substitutions on the canonical output face of the FrzS RD abolished S-motility in vivo. Single-cell fluorescence microscopy measurements revealed a striking mislocalization of these mutant IFrzS proteins to the trailing cell pole in vivo. The crystal structures of the mutants suggested that the observed conformation of Tyr102 in the wild-type FrzS RD is not sufficient for function. These results support the model that FrzS contains a novel 'pseudo-receiver domain' whose function requires recognition of the RD output face but not Asp phosphorylation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fraser, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tom@ucxray.berkeley.edu OI Fraser, James/0000-0002-5080-2859 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062163, GM20509, GM62163, R01 GM020509, R01 GM048958] NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 65 IS 2 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05785.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 196LV UT WOS:000248484300008 PM 17573816 ER PT J AU Doktycz, MJ Simpson, ML AF Doktycz, Mitchel J. Simpson, Michael L. TI Nano-enabled synthetic biology SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biological systems; carbon nanofibers; cell mimic; nanotechnology; synthetic biology; synthetic cells ID IN-VITRO COMPARTMENTALIZATION; FREE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ALIGNED CARBON NANOFIBERS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; LIPID VESICLES; BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; EMULSION COMPARTMENTS; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; POLYMERIC VESICLES AB Biological systems display a functional diversity, density and efficiency that make them a paradigm for synthetic systems. In natural systems, the cell is the elemental unit and efforts to emulate cells, their components, and organization have relied primarily on the use of bioorganic materials. Impressive advances have been made towards assembling simple genetic systems within cellular scale containers. These biological system assembly efforts are particularly instructive, as we gain command over the directed synthesis and assembly of synthetic nanoscale structures. Advances in nanoscale fabrication, assembly, and characterization are providing the tools and materials for characterizing and emulating the smallest scale features of biology. Further, they are revealing unique physical properties that emerge at the nanoscale. Realizing these properties in useful ways will require attention to the assembly of these nanoscale components. Attention to systems biology principles can lead to the practical development of nanoscale technologies with possible realization of synthetic systems with cell-like complexity. In turn, useful tools for interpreting biological complexity and for interfacing to biological processes will result. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Doktycz, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM doktyczmj@ornl.gov; simpsonml1@ornl.gov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000657, R01 EB000657] NR 117 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1744-4292 J9 MOL SYST BIOL JI Mol. Syst. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 AR 125 DI 10.1038/msb4100165 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 196OO UT WOS:000248492100003 PM 17625513 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, N Schlegel, DJ Seljak, U Makarov, A Bahcall, NA Blanton, MR Brinkmann, J Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Gunn, JE Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Loveday, J Lupton, RH Nichol, RC Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Tegmark, M York, DG AF Padmanabhan, Nikhil Schlegel, David J. Seljak, Uros Makarov, Alexey Bahcall, Neta A. Blanton, Michael R. Brinkmann, Jonathan Eisenstein, Daniel J. Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Gunn, James E. Hogg, David W. Ivezic, Zeljko Knapp, Gillian R. Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Nichol, Robert C. Schneider, Donald P. Strauss, Michael A. Tegmark, Max York, Donald G. TI The clustering of luminous red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; distance scale; large-scale structure of Universe ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; BARYONIC ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PROBING DARK ENERGY; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; DATA RELEASE; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB We present the 3D real-space clustering power spectrum of a sample of similar to 600 000 luminous red galaxies measured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, using photometric redshifts. These galaxies are old, elliptical systems with strong 4000-angstrom breaks, and have accurate photometric redshifts with an average error of Delta z = 0.03. This sample of galaxies ranges from redshift z = 0.2 to 0.6 over 3528 deg(2) of the sky, probing a volume of 1.5 h(-3) Gpc(3), making it the largest volume ever used for galaxy clustering measurements. We measure the angular clustering power spectrum in eight redshift slices and use well-calibrated redshift distributions to combine these into a high-precision 3D real-space power spectrum from k = 0.005 to k = 1 h Mpc (-1). We detect power on gigaparsec scales, beyond the turnover in the matter power spectrum, at a similar to 2 sigma significance fork < 0.01 h Mpc(-1), increasing to 5.5 sigma fork < 0.02 h Mpc(-1). This detection of power is on scales significantly larger than those accessible to current spectroscopic redshift surveys. We also find evidence for baryonic oscillations, both in the power spectrum, as well as in fits to the baryon density, at a 2.5 sigma confidence level. The large volume and resulting small statistical errors on the power spectrum allow us to constrain both the amplitude and the scale dependence of the galaxy bias in cosmological fits. The statistical power of these data to constrain cosmology is similar to 1.7 times better than previous clustering analyses. Varying the matter density and baryon fraction, we find ohm(M) = 0.30 +/- 0.03, and ohm(b)/ohm(M) = 0.18 +/- 0.04, for a fixed Hubble constant of 70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1) and a scale-invariant spectrum of initial perturbations. The detection of baryonic oscillations also allows us to measure the comoving distance to z = 0.5; we find a best-fitting distance of 1.73 +/- 0.12 Gpc, corresponding to a 6.5 per cent error on the distance. These results demonstrate the ability to make precise clustering measurements with photometric surveys. C1 Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Graviat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Padmanabhan, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM NPadmanabhan@lbl.gov RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 83 TC 227 Z9 227 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 3 BP 852 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11593.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 193JN UT WOS:000248270400006 ER PT J AU Evstigneeva, EA Drinkwater, MJ Jurek, R Firth, P Jones, JB Gregg, MD Phillipps, S AF Evstigneeva, E. A. Drinkwater, M. J. Jurek, R. Firth, P. Jones, J. B. Gregg, M. D. Phillipps, S. TI Searches for ultracompact dwarf galaxies in galaxy groups SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; surveys; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : star clusters ID MASSIVE STAR-CLUSTERS; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; FORNAX CLUSTER; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; DYNAMICAL MASSES; HUBBLE CONSTANT; VIRGO-CLUSTER; NEARBY GROUPS; POPULATION; ANTENNAE AB We present the results of a search for ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) in six different galaxy groups: Dorado, NGC 1400, 0681, 4038, 4697 and 5084. We searched in the apparent magnitude range 17.5 <= b(J) <= 20.5 (except NGC 5084: 19.2 <= b(J) <= 21.0). We found one definite plus two possible UCD candidates in the Dorado group and two possible UCD candidates in the NGC 1400 group. No UCDs were found in the other groups. We compared these results with predicted luminosities of UCDs in the groups according to the hypothesis that UCDs are globular clusters formed in galaxies. The theoretical predictions broadly agree with the observational results, but deeper surveys are needed to fully test the predictions. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Sch Math Sci, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Evstigneeva, EA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM katya@physics.uq.edu.au RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008; OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022; Jones, Bryn/0000-0002-4679-5625; Phillipps, Steven/0000-0001-5991-3486 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 3 BP 1036 EP 1042 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11856.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 193JN UT WOS:000248270400023 ER PT J AU Hurd, AJ AF Hurd, Alan J. TI Serving the entire materials community - MRS has adopted the goal of serving 25,000 members by 2015 SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hurd, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 7 BP 525 EP 526 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.93 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 193YW UT WOS:000248312100001 ER PT J AU Liu, HJ Guo, JH Yin, YD Augustsson, A Dong, CL Nordgren, J Chang, CL Alivisatos, P Thornton, G Ogletree, DF Requejo, FG de Groot, F Salmeron, M AF Liu, Hongjian Guo, Jinghua Yin, Yadong Augustsson, Andreas Dong, Chungli Nordgren, Joseph Chang, Chinglin Alivisatos, Paul Thornton, Geoff Ogletree, D. Frank Requejo, Felix G. de Groot, Frank Salmeron, Miquel TI Electronic structure of cobalt nanocrystals suspended in liquid SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA; SOLIDS; LIGAND; SHAPE; SIZE AB The electronic structure of cobalt nanocrystals suspended in liquid as a function of size has been investigated using in situ X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. A sharp absorption peak associated with the ligand molecules is found that increases in intensity upon reducing the nanocrystal size. X-ray Raman features due to d-d and to charge-transfer excitations of ligand molecules are identified. The study reveals the local symmetry of the surface of epsilon-Co phase nanocrystals, which originates from a dynamic interaction between Co nanocrystals and surfactant + solvent molecules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AJ, England. Univ Utrecht, Dept Chem, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov; mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Requejo, Felix/O-2260-2016; OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Requejo, Felix/0000-0003-4439-864X; Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700; Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X NR 25 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1919 EP 1922 DI 10.1021/nl070586o PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400014 ER PT J AU Feng, XL He, RR Yang, PD Roukes, ML AF Feng, X. L. He, Rongrui Yang, Peidong Roukes, M. L. TI Very high frequency silicon nanowire electromechanical resonators SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; NANOELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATOR; DISPLACEMENT; FABRICATION; INTEGRATION; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB We demonstrate very high frequency (VHF) nanomechanical resonators based upon single-crystal silicon nanowires (SiNWs), which are prepared by the bottom-up chemical synthesis. Metallized SiNW resonators operating near 200 MHz are realized with quality factor Q approximate to 2000-2500. Pristine SiNWs, with fundamental resonances as high as 215 MHz, are measured using a VHF readout technique that is optimized for these high resistance devices. The pristine resonators provide the highest Q's, as high as Q approximate to 13100 for an 80 MHz device. SiNWs excel at mass sensing; characterization of their mass responsivity and frequency stability demonstrates sensitivities approaching 10 zeptograms. These SiNW resonators offer significant potential for applications in resonant sensing, quantum electromechanical systems, and high frequency signal processing. C1 CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roukes, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Mail Code 114-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM roukes@caltech.edu RI Roukes, Michael/E-9787-2010; Feng, Philip/C-8076-2011 NR 31 TC 247 Z9 251 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1953 EP 1959 DI 10.1021/nl0706695 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400020 ER PT J AU Robinson, JT Evans, PG Liddle, JA Dubon, OD AF Robinson, J. T. Evans, P. G. Liddle, J. A. Dubon, O. D. TI Chemical nanomachining of silicon by gold-catalyzed oxidation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL-SILICON; FABRICATION; NANOWIRE; NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROSCOPE; PLATINUM; SI(111); ARRAYS; LAYERS; AIR AB A chemical nanomachining process for the rapid, scalable production of nanostructure assemblies from silicon-on-insulator is demonstrated. The process is based on the spontaneous, local oxidation of Si induced by Au, which is selectively evaporated onto the Si surface. The Au-catalyzed oxide forms a pattern that serves as a robust mask for the underlying Si, enabling the use of simple wet chemistry to sculpt arrays of nanostructures of diverse shapes including rings, pillars, wires, and nanopores. The remarkable simplicity of this chemical nanomachining process makes it widely accessible as an enabling technique for applications from photonics to biotechnology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dubon, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2009 EP 2013 DI 10.1021/nl070810+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400030 ER PT J AU Wilson, KR Zou, SL Shu, JN Ruhl, E Leone, SR Schatz, GC Ahmed, M AF Wilson, Kevin R. Zou, Shengli Shu, Jinian Ruhl, Eckart Leone, Stephen. R. Schatz, George C. Ahmed, Musahid TI Size-dependent angular distributions of low-energy photoelectrons emitted from NaCl nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHENYLALANINE-GLYCINE-GLYCINE; ALKALI-HALIDES; BIOLOGICAL NANOPARTICLES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ELECTRON-IMPACT; BAND-STRUCTURE; PARTICLES; YIELD; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOEMISSION AB Angle-resolved threshold photoelectron spectra are recorded for size-selected beams of sodium chloride nanoparticles (radius = 25-250 nm). The photoelectron angular distributions exhibit a size-dependent asymmetry that is inversely proportional to particle radius. A model of the internal electric field amplitude and the photoelectron escape probability inside the particles reveals that the asymmetry in photoemission arises because the finite dimensions of the particle are comparable to both the photon penetration depth (14-22 nm) and electron escape length (10 nm). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem & Biochem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mahmed@lbl.gov RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2014 EP 2019 DI 10.1021/nl070834g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400031 ER PT J AU Avramov, PV Chernozatonskii, LA Sorokin, PB Gordon, MS AF Avramov, Pavel V. Chernozatonskii, Leonid A. Sorokin, Pavel B. Gordon, Mark S. TI Multiterminal nanowire junctions of silicon: A theoretical prediction of atomic structure and electronic properties SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI NANOCRYSTALS; CONFINEMENT; GROWTH AB Using an empirical scheme, the atomic structure of a new exotic class of silicon nanoclusters was elaborated upon the central icosahedral core (Si-IC) and pentagonal petals (Si-PP) growing from Si-IC vertexes. It was shown that Si-IC/Si-PP interface formation is energetically preferable. Some experimental observations of silicon nanostructures can be explained by the presence of the proposed objects. The extended Huckel theory electronic structure calculations demonstrate an ability of the proposed objects to act as nanoscale tunnel junctions. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Takasaki Branch, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Takasaki, Gumma, Japan. RAS, SB, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. RAS, NM Emanuel Inst Biochem Phys, Moscow 119334, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Natl Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Avramov, PV (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Takasaki Branch, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Takasaki, Gumma, Japan. EM avramov.pavel@jaea.go.jp RI Sorokin, Pavel/C-9749-2011 OI Sorokin, Pavel/0000-0001-5248-1799 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2063 EP 2067 DI 10.1021/nl070973y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400040 ER PT J AU An, JM Franceschetti, A Zunger, A AF An, J. M. Franceschetti, A. Zunger, A. TI The excitonic exchange splitting and radiative lifetime in PbSe quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DARK-EXCITON; NANOCRYSTALS; EMISSION; SILICON; INP; CONFINEMENT; DEPENDENCE; COULOMB; STATES AB An exciton evolving from an m-fold degenerate hole level and an n-fold degenerate electron level has a nominal m x n degeneracy, which is often removed by electron-hole interactions. In PbSe quantum dots, the degeneracy of the lowest-energy exciton is m x n = 64 because both the valence-band maximum and the conduction-band minimum originate from the 4-fold degenerate (8-fold including spin) L valleys in the Brillouin zone of bulk PbSe. Using a many-particle configuration-interaction approach based on atomistic single-particle wave functions, we have computed the fine structure of the lowest-energy excitonic manifold of two nearly spherical PbSe quantum dots of radius R = 15.3 and 30.6 A. We identify two main energy splittings, both of which are accessible to experimental probe: (i) The intervalley splitting delta is the energy difference between the two near-edge peaks of the absorption spectrum. We find delta = 80 meV for R = 15.3 A and delta = 18 meV for R = 30.6 A. (ii) The exchange splitting Delta(x) is the energy difference between the lowest-energy optically dark exciton state and the first optically bright exciton state. We find that Delta(x) ranges between 17 meV for R = 15.3 A, and 2 meV for R = 30.6 A. We also find that the room-temperature radiative lifetime is tau(R) similar to 100 ns, considerably longer than the similar to 10 ns radiative lifetime of CdSe dots, in quantitative agreement with experiment. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80228 USA. RP Franceschetti, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80228 USA. EM alberto_franceschetti@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 31 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1021/nl071219f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400051 ER PT J AU Sholklapper, TZ Kurokawa, H Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Sholklapper, T. Z. Kurokawa, H. Jacobson, C. P. Visco, S. J. De Jonghe, L. C. TI Nanostructured solid oxide fuel cell electrodes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE CERIUM OXIDE; FERRITE SOFC CATHODES; METHANE FUEL; ANODE; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; IMPEDANCE AB The infiltration (impregnation) of nanoscale particles, forming connected networks, into solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, has been shown to lead to considerable benefit in performance. Porous electrode skeletons (backbones), consisting of electrolyte material such as YSZ, when infiltrated, delivered results comparable to those of the standard Ni-YSZ and LSM-YSZ electrode configurations. Additionally, the performances of both single component mixed ionic electron conductor and of composite electrodes have been significantly enhanced by the connected nanoscale particle networks formed by infiltration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sholklapper, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 9 U2 120 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2136 EP 2141 DI 10.1021/nl071007i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 188NK UT WOS:000247926400052 ER PT J AU Tao, A Sinsermsuksakul, P Yang, P AF Tao, Andrea Sinsermsuksakul, Prasert Yang, Peidong TI Tunable plasmonic lattices of silver nanocrystals SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; LITHOGRAPHY; PARTICLES; GOLD; SERS AB Silver nanocrystals are ideal building blocks for plasmonic materials that exhibit a wide range of unique and potentially useful optical phenomena. Individual nanocrystals display distinct optical scattering spectra and can be assembled into hierarchical structures that couple strongly to external electromagnetic fields. This coupling, which is mediated by surface plasmons, depends on the shape and arrangement of the nanocrystals. Here we demonstrate the bottom-up assembly of polyhedral silver nanocrystals into macroscopic two-dimensional superlattices using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Our ability to control interparticle spacing, density and packing symmetry allows for tunability of the optical response over the entire visible range. This assembly strategy offers a new, practical approach to making novel plasmonic materials for application in spectroscopic sensors, subwavelength optics and integrated devices that utilize field-enhancement effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu NR 32 TC 373 Z9 375 U1 29 U2 261 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 2 IS 7 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1038/nnano.2007.189 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 193VE UT WOS:000248302500015 PM 18654329 ER PT J AU Ogitsu, T AF Ogitsu, Tadashi TI Computational physics - A quantum puzzle revisited SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID SOLID HYDROGEN; DENSE HYDROGEN C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ogitsu, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-415, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ogitsu@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 452 EP 453 DI 10.1038/nphys660 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 192RF UT WOS:000248219100010 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Kenyon, GT AF Miller, Jeremy A. Kenyon, Garrett T. TI Extracting number-selective responses from coherent oscillations in a computer model SO NEURAL COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; PRIMATE PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NUMERICAL INFORMATION; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX; AMACRINE CELLS; AWAKE MONKEYS; SYNCHRONIZATION; FREQUENCY AB Cortical neurons selective for numerosity may underlie an innate number sense in both animals and humans. We hypothesize that the number-selective responses of cortical neurons may in part be extracted from coherent, object-specific oscillations. Here, indirect evidence for this hypothesis is obtained by analyzing the numerosity information encoded by coherent oscillations in artificially generated spikes trains. Several experiments report that gamma-band oscillations evoked by the same object remain coherent, whereas oscillations evoked by separate objects are uncorrelated. Because the oscillations arising from separate objects would add in random phase to the total power summed across all stimulated neurons, we postulated that the total gamma activity, normalized by the number of spikes, should fall roughly as the square root of the number of objects in the scene, thereby implicitly encoding numerosity. To test the hypothesis, we examined the normalized gamma activity in multiunit spike trains, 50 to 1000 msec in duration, produced by a model feedback circuit previously shown to generate realistic coherent oscillations. In response to images containing different numbers of objects, regardless of their shape, size, or shading, the normalized gamma activity followed a square-root-of-n rule as long as the separation between objects was sufficiently large and their relative size and contrast differences were not too great. Arrays of winner-take-all numerosity detectors, each responding to normalized gamma activity within a particular band, exhibited tuning curves consistent with behavioral data. We conclude that coherent oscillations in principle could contribute to the number-selective responses of cortical neurons, although many critical issues await experimental resolution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jeremymiller@ucla.edu; dkenyon@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0899-7667 J9 NEURAL COMPUT JI Neural Comput. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1766 EP 1797 DI 10.1162/neco.2007.19.7.1766 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 173PY UT WOS:000246886200004 PM 17521279 ER PT J AU Anderson, JD Campbell, JK Nieto, MM AF Anderson, John D. Campbell, James K. Nieto, Michael Martin TI The energy transfer process in planetary flybys SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE planetary gravity assist; dynamical anomaly ID MASS ANOMALIES; GALILEO; GANYMEDE; SYSTEM AB We illustrate the energy transfer during planetary flybys as a function of time using a number of flight mission examples. The energy transfer process is rather more complicated than a monotonic increase (or decrease) of energy with time. It exhibits temporary maxima and minima with time which then partially moderate before the asymptotic condition is obtained. The energy transfer to angular momentum is exhibited by an approximate Jacobi constant for the system. We demonstrate this with flybys that have shown unexplained behaviors: (i) the possible onset of the "Pioneer anomaly" with the gravity assist of Pioneer 11 by Saturn to hyperbolic orbit (as well as the Pioneer 10 hyperbolic gravity assist by Jupiter) and (ii) the Earth flyby anomalies of small increases in energy in the geocentric system (Galileo-I, NEAR, and Rosetta, in addition discussing the Cassini and Messenger flybys). Perhaps some small, as yet unrecognized effect in the energy-transfer process can shed light oil these anomalies. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, JD (reprint author), Global Aerosp Corp, 711 W Woodbury Rd Suite H, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. EM John.D.Anderson@gaerospace.com; jkcepc@yahoo.com; mmn@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2006.11.004 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152AY UT WOS:000245333800003 ER PT J AU Gibbon, JD Holm, DD AF Gibbon, J. D. Holm, D. D. TI Lagrangian particle paths and ortho-normal quaternion frames SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-GRADIENT TENSOR; FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; RESTRICTED EULER EQUATION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL EULER; FLUID; FLOWS; DYNAMICS; ACCELERATIONS; INVARIANTS AB Experimentalists now measure intense rotations of Lagrangian particles in turbulent flows by tracking their trajectories and Lagrangian-average velocity gradients at high Reynolds numbers. This paper formulates the dynamics of an orthonormal frame attached to each Lagrangian fluid particle undergoing three-axis rotations, by using quaternions in combination with Ertel's theorem for frozen-in vorticity. The method is applicable to a wide range of Lagrangian flows including the three-dimensional Euler equations and its variants such as ideal magneto-hydrodynamics. The applicability of the quaterionic frame description to Lagrangian averaged velocity gradient dynamics is also demonstrated. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibbon, JD (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, Huxley Bldg, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.d.gibbon@ic.ac.uk; d.holm@ic.ac.uk OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1745 EP 1759 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/20/7/010 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 177ZF UT WOS:000247190300010 ER PT J AU Nica, N AF Nica, N. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=140 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; DEFORMED PROTON EMITTERS; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; N = 82; ACTIVATION CROSS-SECTIONS; GASEOUS FISSION-PRODUCTS; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; PARTICLE-HOLE STATES; SHORT-LIVED NUCLEI AB The 1994 evaluation of A=140 (1994Pe19) was updated using data available prior to Feb. 1, 2006. The A=140 mass chain contains 16 nuclei from To to Ho. Compared to 1994Pe19, the volume of data increased by almost a factor of two, of which about half came from three nuclides: La-140 (two (n,gamma) E=th datasets), Nd-140 (a very rich high-spin dataset), and Eu-140 (studied by a combination of techniques covering three new reaction and decay datasets). The main difficulty of this evaluation came from discrepant data for the same three nuclides. For 140La one of the datasets presented many unresolved multiplet levels which were discrepant with the other dataset, and were partially resolved here by the evaluator. For Nd-140 the new dataset and the older ones had discrepant gamma energies which were recalibrated by the evaluator. The two new high-spin dataset of 140Eu had discrepant J pi assignments for many levels, which were resolved based on a more recent paper which had accurately established the low J pi values. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nica, N (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 461 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUL PY 2007 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1287 EP 1470 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.06.001 PG 184 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 195HE UT WOS:000248402300001 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Lalkovski, S AF Kondev, F. G. Lalkovski, S. TI Nuclear data sheets for A=200 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; NEGATIVE-PARITY STATES; ALPHA-DECAY PROPERTIES; K-CONVERSION COEFFICIENT; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DECAY; KEV E2 TRANSITION; LEAD ISOTOPES; ASTATINE ISOTOPES; ISOMERIC STATES AB Evaluated nuclear structure and decay data for all nuclei within the A=200 mass chain are presented. This work supersedes the earlier evaluation by M.R. Schmorak (1995Sc23), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 75, 667 (1995). The electron conversion coefficients used in the present evaluation are from 2005KiZW. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 167 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUL PY 2007 VL 108 IS 7 BP 1471 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2007.06.002 PG 110 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 195HE UT WOS:000248402300002 ER PT J AU Gerstle, W Sau, N Silling, S AF Gerstle, Walter Sau, Nicolas Silling, Stewart TI Peridynamic modeling of concrete structures SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Nuclear Engineering (SMiRT-18) CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA AB The peridynamic model described in Silling (Silling, S.A., 1998. Reformation of Elasticity Theory for Discontinuous and Long-Range Forces, SAND98-2176. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM), being a central-force model, is limited to modeling materials with a Poisson's ratio of 1/4. In this paper, the peridynamic model is generalized by adding pairwise peridynamic moments to simulate linear elastic materials with varying Poisson's ratios. The new model is called the "micropolar peridynamic model". The micropolar peridynamic model is placed within a finite element context to enable efficacious application of boundary conditions and efficient computational solutions using an implicit, rather than an explicit solution algorithm. The implicit solution algorithm is suitable for quasistatic simulation of damage and cracking in concrete structures. With this new model, very simple tensile damage mechanisms at the micro structural (peridynamic) level are sufficient to explain a great deal of the microcracking (damage) and fracture mechanics observed in concrete structures. The new implementation appears to be computationally efficient. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gerstle, W (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gerstle@unm.edu NR 12 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 237 IS 12-13 BP 1250 EP 1258 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.10.002 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 187QC UT WOS:000247862100005 ER PT J AU Schmieman, E AF Schmieman, Eric TI Shelter for the sky SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILMINGTON PUBLISHING PI SIDCUP PA WILMINGTON HOUSE, MAIDSTONE RD, FOOTS CRAY, SIDCUP DA14 SHZ, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 52 IS 636 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 197CY UT WOS:000248532500002 ER PT J AU Kaye, SM Levinton, FM Stutman, D Tritz, K Yuh, H Bell, MG Bell, RE Domier, CW Gates, D Horton, W Kim, J LeBlanc, BP Luhmann, NC Maingi, R Mazzucato, E Menard, JE Mikkelsen, D Mueller, D Park, H Rewoldt, G Sabbagh, SA Smith, DR Wang, W AF Kaye, S. M. Levinton, F. M. Stutman, D. Tritz, K. Yuh, H. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. Domier, C. W. Gates, D. Horton, W. Kim, J. LeBlanc, B. P. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Maingi, R. Mazzucato, E. Menard, J. E. Mikkelsen, D. Mueller, D. Park, H. Rewoldt, G. Sabbagh, S. A. Smith, D. R. Wang, W. TI Confinement and local transport in the national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TIME EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; ASPECT-RATIO; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; BETA; PLASMA AB The NSTX operates at low aspect ratio (R/a similar to 1.3) and high beta (up to 40%), allowing tests of global confinement and local transport properties that have been established from higher aspect ratio devices. The NSTX plasmas are heated by up to 7 MW of deuterium neutral beams with preferential electron heating as expected for ITER. Confinement scaling studies indicate a strong B-T dependence, with a current dependence that is weaker than that observed at higher aspect ratio. Dimensionless scaling experiments indicate a strong increase in confinement with decreasing collisionality and a weak degradation with beta. The increase in confinement with BT is due to reduced transport in the electron channel, while the improvement with plasma current is due to reduced transport in the ion channel related to the decrease in the neoclassical transport level. Improved electron confinement has been observed in plasmas with strong reversed magnetic shear, showing the existence of an electron internal transport barrier (elTB). The development of the elTB may be associated with a reduction in the growth of microtearing modes in the plasma core. Perturbative studies show that while L-mode plasmas with reversed magnetic shear and an eITB exhibit slow changes in L-Tc across the profile after the pellet injection, H-mode plasmas with a monotonic q-profile and no eITB show no change in this parameter after pellet injection, indicating the existence of a critical gradient that may be related to the q-profile. Both linear and non-linear simulations indicate the potential importance of electron temperature gradient (ETG) modes at the lowest B-T. Localized measurements of high-k fluctuations exhibit a sharp decrease in signal amplitude levels across the L-H transition, associated with a decrease in both ion and electron transport, and a decrease in calculated linear microinstability growth rates across a wide k-range, from the ion temperature gradient/TEM regime up to the ETG regime. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kaye, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM skaye@pppi.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Kim, Juhyung/F-5404-2013; OI Kim, Juhyung/0000-0002-5409-2743; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/001 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800018 ER PT J AU Leonard, AW Casper, TA Groebner, RJ Osborne, TH Snyder, PB Thomas, DM AF Leonard, A. W. Casper, T. A. Groebner, R. J. Osborne, T. H. Snyder, P. B. Thomas, D. M. TI Pedestal performance dependence upon plasma shape in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID H-MODE PEDESTAL; D TOKAMAK; MAGNETIC SHEAR; ASDEX UPGRADE; HIGH-DENSITY; STABILITY; REGIME; JT-60U; CONFINEMENT; ELMS AB Higher moments of the plasma shape than triangularity are found to significantly affect the pedestal pressure and the edge localized mode (ELM) characteristics in DIII-D. The shape dependence of the pedestal pressure was experimentally examined by varying the squareness in the proposed ITER configuration while holding the triangularity fixed. Over this scan the pedestal pressure increased by similar to 50% from highest squareness to lowest squareness. The variation of pedestal energy is found to be consistent with the stability analysis of the measured profiles. The ELM energy also varied with the shape to maintain a nearly constant fraction of the pedestal energy. Stability analysis using model shapes and pressure profiles indicates that much of the advantage of high triangularity for high pedestal pressure can be achieved in lower triangularity shapes by optimizing squareness and/or the distance of the secondary upper separatrix from the primary separatrix. In high beta discharges an increase in pedestal pressure is observed with higher global stored energy. The greatest pedestal pressure increase is at low squareness due to an increase in both the pressure gradient stability limit and the width of the pedestal. The variation in pedestal pressure with squareness was also used to optimize 'hybrid' discharges in DIII-D where a lower pedestal pressure was required for an improved overall performance. In the 'hybrid' regime low squareness resulted in a high pedestal pressure with large infrequent ELMs that eventually triggered an internal 2/1 tearing mode that locked, resulting in a disruption. At higher squareness the pedestal pressure was reduced with smaller and more rapid ELMs, resulting in the maintenance of a steady beneficial internal 3/2 tearing mode and good confinement. For all the cases studied, an increase in the pedestal width at low squareness appears to be a significant factor in the increase in the total pedestal pressure. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Leonard, AW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Leonard@fusion.gat.com NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 552 EP 562 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/006 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800023 ER PT J AU Reiman, A Zarnstorff, MC Monticello, D Weller, A Geiger, J AF Reiman, A. Zarnstorff, M. C. Monticello, D. Weller, A. Geiger, J. CA W7-AS Team TI Pressure-induced breaking of equilibrium flux surfaces in the W7AS stellarator SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA; INDUCED ISLANDS; TRANSPORT; PLASMA AB Calculations are presented for two shots in the W7AS stellarator which differ only in the magnitude of the current in the divertor control coil, but have very different values of experimentally attainable beta(< beta >approximate to 2.7% versus < beta >approximate to 1.8%). Equilibrium calculations find that a region of chaotic magnetic field line trajectories fills approximately the outer 1/3 of the cross-section in each of these configurations. The field lines in the stochastic region are calculated to behave as if the flux surfaces are broken only locally near the outer midplane and are preserved elsewhere. The calculated magnetic field line diffusion coefficients in the stochastic regions for the two shots are consistent with the observed differences in the attainable P, and are also consistent with the differences in the reconstructed pressure profiles. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. RP Reiman, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM reiman@pppl.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 572 EP 578 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/008 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800025 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH LaBombard, B Ryutov, DD Terry, JL Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Zweben, S AF Cohen, R. H. LaBombard, B. Ryutov, D. D. Terry, J. L. Umansky, M. V. Xu, X. Q. Zweben, S. TI Theory and fluid simulations of boundary-plasma fluctuations SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT INSTABILITY; FLUTE-LIKE PERTURBATIONS; TOKAMAK EDGE PLASMA; ALCATOR C-MOD; DIVERTOR REGION; X-POINT; BLOB TRANSPORT; TURBULENCE; CONVECTION AB Theoretical and computational investigations of boundary-plasma microturbulence which take into account important effects of the geometry of diverted tokamaks-in particular, the effect of X-point magnetic shear and the termination of field lines on divertor plates-are presented. We first generalize our previous 'heuristic boundary condition' which describes, in a lumped model, the closure of currents in the vicinity of the X-point region to encompass three current-closure mechanisms. We then use this boundary condition to derive the dispersion relation for low-beta flute-like modes in the divertor-leg region under the combined drives of curvature, sheath impedance and divertor tilt effects. The results indicate the possibility of strongly growing instabilities, driven by sheath boundary conditions, and localized in either the private or common flux region of the divertor leg depending on the radial tilt of divertor plates. We revisit the issue of X-point effects on blobs, examining the transition from blobs terminated by X-point shear to blobs that extend over both the main SOL and divertor legs. We find that, for a main-SOL blob, this transition occurs without a free-acceleration period as previously thought, with X-point termination conditions applying until the blob has expanded to reach the divertor plate. We also derive propagation speeds for divertor-leg blobs. Finally, we present fluid simulations of the C-Mod tokamak from the BOUT edge fluid turbulence code, which show main-SOL blob structures with similar spatial characteristics to those observed in the experiment, and also simulations which illustrate the possibility of fluctuations confined to divertor legs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 612 EP 625 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/012 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800029 ER PT J AU Spong, DA Harris, JH Ware, AS Hirshman, SP Berry, LA AF Spong, D. A. Harris, J. H. Ware, A. S. Hirshman, S. P. Berry, L. A. TI Shear flow generation in stellarators - configurational variations SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; WENDELSTEIN 7-AS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; COEFFICIENTS; CONFINEMENT; PHYSICS; STABILITY AB Plasma momentum transport within magnetic surfaces plays a fundamental role in a number of toroidal plasma physics issues, such as turbulence suppression, impurity transport, bootstrap current generation and the shielding of resonant magnetic error field perturbations. Stellarators provide opportunities for improved understanding of plasma flow effects because (a) new forms of quasi-symmetry (e.g. helical, poloidal) can be produced that differ significantly from the tokamak and (b) symmetry-breaking effects (always present to some degree) reduce the close coupling between parallel and cross-field transport characteristics of symmetric systems. External control coils can also be used to further enhance or suppress such effects. A method has been developed to evaluate the variation of neoclassical self-generated plasma flows in stellarators both within and across magnetic surfaces. This introduces a new dimension into both the optimization of stellarators and to the improved understanding of the existing confinement database. Application of this model to a range of configurations indicates that flow directionality and shearing rates are significantly influenced by the magnetic structure. In addition, it is demonstrated that flows in stellarators are sensitive to profile effects and the presence of external momentum sources, such as neutral beams. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Spong, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spongda@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/013 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800030 ER PT J AU Merrill, B Reyes, S Sawan, M Wong, C AF Merrill, Brad Reyes, Susana Sawan, Mohamed Wong, Clement TI Safety analysis of the US dual coolant liquid lead-lithium ITER test blanket module SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUL 10-13, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IAEA ID BREEDER AB The US is proposing a prototype of a dual coolant liquid lead-lithium DEMO blanket concept for testing in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) as an ITER test blanket module (TBM). Because safety considerations are an integral part of the design process to ensure that this TBM does not adversely impact the safety of ITER, a safety assessment has been conducted for this TBM and its ancillary systems as requested by the ITER project. Four events were selected by the ITER international team (IT) to address specific reactor safety concerns, such as vaccum vessel (W) pressurization, confinernent building pressure build-up, TBM decay heat removal capability, tritium and activation products release from the TBM system and hydrogen and heat production from chemical reactions. This paper summarizes the results of this safety assessment conducted with the MELCOR computer code. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Merrill, B (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Brad.Merrill@inl.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP S447 EP S452 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/S06 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800007 ER PT J AU Petti, DA Merrill, BJ Sharpe, JP Cadwallader, LC El-Guebaly, L Reyes, S AF Petti, David A. Merrill, Brad J. Sharpe, J. Phillip Cadwallader, L. C. El-Guebaly, L. Reyes, S. TI Recent accomplishments and future directions in the US fusion safety and environmental program SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUL 10-13, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IAEA ID FAILURE RATE DATA; MELCOR CODE; BLANKET; IFE; MANAGEMENT; DEVICES; WASTE AB The US Fusion Program has long recognized that the safety and environmental (S&E) potential of fusion can be attained by prudent materials selection, judicious design choices and integration of safety requirements into the design of the facility. To achieve this goal, S&E research is focused on understanding the behaviour of the largest sources of radioactive and hazardous materials in a fusion facility, understanding how energy sources in a fusion facility could mobilize those materials, developing integrated state-of-the-art S&E computer codes and risk tools for safety assessment and evaluating S&E issues associated with current fusion designs. In this paper, recent accomplishments are reviewed and future directions outlined. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP S427 EP S435 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/S03 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800004 ER PT J AU Reyes, S Latkowskil, JF Meier, WR Sawan, M AF Reyes, S. Latkowskil, J. F. Meier, W. R. Sawan, M. TI Status of IFE safety and environmental activities in the US SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety CY JUL 10-13, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IAEA ID POWER-PLANT DESIGN; PROGRESS AB This paper presents an overview of recent progress in the area of inertial fusion energy (IFE) safety and environment (S&E) in the US. Over the past several years, a significant effort has been devoted towards the development of S&E analyses for future IFE power plants. We have completed the safety assessment of various baseline IFE power plant concepts, including simulation of accident scenarios and accident consequences analyses, S&E studies of candidate target materials and discussions on waste management issues. The results from this work have allowed for a better understanding of the behaviour of radioactive sources and hazardous materials within the IFE power plant, identification of the energy sources that could mobilize those materials in case of an accident and assessment of waste management options for IFE. Currently, ongoing S&E studies for IFE are focusing on emerging design concepts, which include support to the high average power laser (HAPL) program for development of a dry-wall, laser-driven IFE power plant and collaboration with the Z-pinch IFE program for the production of an economically attractive power plant using high-yield Z-pinch-driven targets. In this paper, the main safety issues related to the HAPL and Z-IFE programs are reviewed, some recent safety highlights are presented and future directions in the IFE S&E area are proposed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Reyes, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reyes20@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 7 BP S422 EP S426 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/47/7/S02 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196RN UT WOS:000248499800003 ER PT J AU Logan, BG Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Coleman, J Greenway, W Henestroza, E Kwan, JW Lee, EP Leitner, M Roy, PK Seidl, PA Vay, JL Waldron, WL Yu, SS Barnard, JJ Cohen, RH Friedman, A Grote, DP Covo, MK Molvik, AW Lund, SM Meier, WR Sharp, W Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Grisham, L Kaganovich, ID Qin, H Sefkow, AB Startsev, EA Welch, D Olson, C AF Logan, B. G. Bieniosek, F. M. Celata, C. M. Coleman, J. Greenway, W. Henestroza, E. Kwan, J. W. Lee, E. P. Leitner, M. Roy, P. K. Seidl, P. A. Vay, J.-L. Waldron, W. L. Yu, S. S. Barnard, J. J. Cohen, R. H. Friedman, A. Grote, D. P. Covo, M. Kireeff Molvik, A. W. Lund, S. M. Meier, W. R. Sharp, W. Davidson, R. C. Efthimion, P. C. Gilson, E. P. Grisham, L. Kaganovich, I. D. Qin, H. Sefkow, A. B. Startsev, E. A. Welch, D. Olson, C. TI Recent US advances in ion-beam-driven high energy density physics and heavy ion fusion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE heavy ion beams; neutralized plasma; inertial fusion; beam compression ID NEUTRALIZED-TRANSPORT-EXPERIMENT; SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS; DESIGN AB During the past two years, significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made in the US heavy ion fusion science program in longitudinal beam compression, ion-beam-driven warm dense matter, beam acceleration, high brightness beam transport, and advanced theory and numerical simulations. Innovations in longitudinal compression of intense ion beams by >50X propagating through background plasma enable initial beam target experiments in warm dense matter to begin within the next two years. We are assessing how these new techniques might apply to heavy ion fusion drivers for inertial fusion energy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Logan, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS47R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bglogan@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.070 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600002 ER PT J AU Friedman, A AF Friedman, Alex TI Overview of theory and simulations in the heavy ion fusion science virtual national laboratory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE accelerator; fusion; heavy-ion; simulation; plasma; beam ID DRIFT COMPRESSION; BEAMS; TRANSPORT AB The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL) is a collaboration of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. These laboratories, in cooperation with researchers at other institutions, are carrying out a coordinated effort to apply intense ion beams as drivers for studies of the physics of matter at extreme conditions, and ultimately for inertial fusion energy. Progress on this endeavor depends upon coordinated application of experiments, theory, and simulations. This paper describes the state of the art, with ail emphasis on the coordination of modeling and experiment; developments in the simulation tools, and in the methods that underly them, are also treated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 47R0112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM af@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.010 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600007 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Covo, MK Cohen, RH Friedman, A Sharp, WM Baca, D Bieniosek, FM Leister, C Seidl, PA Vay, JL AF Molvik, A. W. Covo, M. Kireeff Cohen, R. H. Friedman, A. Sharp, W. M. Baca, David Bieniosek, F. M. Leister, C. Seidl, P. A. Vay, J.-L. TI Quantitative electron and gas cloud experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE electron cloud; quadrupole; solenoid; retarding field analyzer; clearing; diagnostics AB Electrons can accumulate in and degrade the quality of positively charged beams. This is a well-known problem in proton storage rings. Heavy-ion rings are more frequently limited by gas pressure-rise effects. Both effects may limit how closely the beam radius can approach the beam-tube radius in a heavy-ion linac. We study beams of 1 MeV K+ with currents of up to 180 mA in the High-Current Experiment (HCX), and compare our work with simulations. The theory and simulation results are discussed in a companion papers. We have developed the first diagnostics that quantitatively measure the accumulation of electrons in a beam [M. Kireeff Covo, A. Molvik, A. Friedman, J.-L. Vay, P. Seidl, G. Logan, D. Baca, J.L. Vujic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 054801; M. Kireeff Covo, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 2007, in press, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.045.]. This will enable the particle balance to be measured for each source of electrons in a linac: ionization of gas, emission from walls surrounding the beam, and emission from an end wall coupled with electron drifts upstream through quadrupole magnets, and electron-trapping efficiencies can be determined. Experiments where the heavy-ion beam is transported with solenoid magnetic fields, rather than with quadrupole magnetic or electrostatic fields, are being initiated. We discuss plans for experiments using electrode sets (in the middle and at the ends of magnets) to either expel or to trap electrons within the magnets. We observe oscillations of the electron density and position in the last quadrupole magnet when we flood the beam with electrons from an end wall. These oscillations, near 6 MHz, are observed to grow from the center of the magnet while drifting upstream against the beam, in good agreement with simulations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM molvik1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.011 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600008 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Friedman, A Grote, DP Vay, JL AF Cohen, R. H. Friedman, A. Grote, D. P. Vay, J.-L. TI Large-timestep mover for particle simulations of arbitrarily magnetized species SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE particle simulation; ion beams; accelerators; plasmas ID ACCELERATORS AB For self-consistent ion-beam simulations including electron motion, it is desirable to be able to follow electron dynamics accurately without being constrained by the electron cyclotron timescale. To this end, we have developed a particle-advance that interpolates between full particle dynamics and drift motion. By making a proper choice of interpolation parameter, simulation particles experience physically correct parallel dynamics, drift motion, and gyroradius when the timestep is large compared to the cyclotron period, though the effective gyrofrequency is artificially low; in the opposite timestep limit, the method approaches a conventional Boris particle push. By combining this scheme with a Poisson solver that includes an interpolated form of the polarization drift in the dielectric response, the mover's utility can be extended to higher-density problems where the plasma frequency of the species being advanced exceeds its cyclotron frequency. We describe a series of tests of the mover and its application to simulation of electron clouds in heavy-ion accelerators. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.035 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600009 ER PT J AU Grote, DP Kwan, JW Westenskow, GA AF Grote, D. P. Kwan, J. W. Westenskow, G. A. TI Design and modeling of the multibeam injector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE ion source; high current; high brightness AB For both HIF and ion driven HEDP experiments, the beams a driver produces must have both high brightness and high current. The US HIF program has had extensive experience and success working with single, monolithic ion sources for accelerator experiments with moderate injector current requirements. Such sources produce up to hundreds of milliAmps with normalized emittances less than 1-pi-mm mrad. However, with a need for higher current, and more compact, sources up to and over I A, monolithic sources begin to suffer from the poor scaling of source area to current. That is, by combining the limits of space-charge limited emission, voltage breakdown, and good optics, the source area is seen to scale as a high power of the current, A proportional to I-8/3. A means of bypassing the scaling, leading to a much more compact injector, is the use of multiple beamlets, each of which can have a much higher current density than a larger monolithic beam. The beamlets are merged near the end of the injector. A major challenge is the inherent emittance growth that occurs as the beamlets merge. In this paper, the design of such an injector will be presented along with simulations used to study and validate the design. This design offers other advantages, and some disadvantages, that will be described. Finally, comparisons will be made to experimental results from the merging beamlet experimental campaign on STS-500. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grote, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, B47-0112,1Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DPGrote@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.012 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600010 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Furman, MA Seidl, PA Cohen, RH Friedman, A Grote, DP Covo, MK Molvik, AW Stoltz, PH Veitzer, S Verboncoeur, JP AF Vay, J.-L. Furman, M. A. Seidl, P. A. Cohen, R. H. Friedman, A. Grote, D. P. Covo, M. Kireeff Molvik, A. W. Stoltz, P. H. Veitzer, S. Verboncoeur, J. P. TI Self-consistent simulations of heavy-ion beams interacting with electron-clouds SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE accelerator; fusion; electron clouds; heavy-ion; simulation; particle-in-cell; plasma; beam ID PLASMA AB Electron clouds and rising desorbed gas pressure limit the performance of many existing accelerators and, potentially, that of future accelerators including heavy-ion warm-dense matter and fusion drivers. For the latter, self-consistent simulation of the interaction of the heavy-ion beam(s) with the electron cloud is necessary. To this end, we have merged the two codes WARP (HIF accelerator code) and POSINST (high-energy e-cloud build-Lip code), and added modules for neutral gas molecule generation, gas ionization, and electron tracking algorithms in magnetic fields with large time steps. The new tool is being benchmarked against the High-Current Experiment (HCX) and good agreement has been achieved. The simulations have also aided diagnostic interpretation and have identified unanticipated physical processes. We present the "roadmap" describing the different modules and their interconnections, along with detailed comparisons with HCX experimental results, as well as a preliminary application to the modeling of electron clouds in the Large Hadron Collider. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Heavy Ion Fus Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Heavy Ion Fus Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM JLVay@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.013 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600011 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Kaganovich, I Startsev, EA Qin, H Dorf, M Sefkow, A Welch, DR Rose, DV Lund, SM AF Davidson, Ronald C. Kaganovich, Igor Startsev, Edward A. Qin, Hong Dorf, Mikhail Sefkow, Adam Welch, Dale R. Rose, David V. Lund, Steven M. TI Multispecies Weibel instability for intense charged particle beam propagation through neutralizing background plasma SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE ion beams; beam-plasma interactions; instabilities ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; DELTA-F SIMULATION; HEAVY-ION BEAMS; LARGE TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; RESISTIVE HOSE INSTABILITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTABILITIES; 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FAST IGNITION; FUSION BEAMS AB Properties of the multi-species electromagnetic Weibel instability are investigated for an intense ion beam propagating through background plasma. Assuming that the background plasma electrons provide complete charge and current neutralization, detailed linear stability properties are calculated within the framework of a macroscopic cold-fluid model for a wide range of system parameters. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM rdavidson@pppl.gov NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.036 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600012 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC AF Startsev, Edward A. Davidson, Ronald C. TI Dynamic stabilization of the two-stream instability during longitudinal compression of intense charged particle beam propagation through background plasma SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE two-stream instability; dynamic stabilization; charged-particle beams ID NEUTRALIZATION; SIMULATIONS AB The electrostatic two-stream instability for a cold, longitudinally-compressing intense ion beam propagating through a background plasma has been investigated both analytically and numerically. The linear development of the instability and its saturation are examined from the point of view of wave dynamics, where the plasma waves are represented as quasi-particles characterized by their position x(t), wavenumber k(t) and energy (or frequency) omega(t). It is found that the longitudinal beam compression strongly modifies the space-time development of the instability. In particular, the dynamic compression leads to a significant reduction in the growth rate of the two-stream instability compared to the case without an initial velocity tilt. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM estarts@pppl.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.037 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600013 ER PT J AU Qin, H Davidson, RC Startsev, EA AF Qin, Hong Davidson, Ronald C. Startsev, Edward A. TI Nonlinear delta f particle simulations of collective effects in high-intensity bunched beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE high-intensity beam; bunched beam; perturbative particle simulation AB Collective effects with strong coupling between the longitudinal and transverse dynamics are of fundamental importance for applications of high-intensity bunched beams. The self-consistent Vlasov-Maxwell equations are applied to high-intensity bunched beams, and a generalized delta f particle simulation algorithm is developed for bunched beams with or without energy anisotropy. Numerically, the distribution function is spit into a reference distribution and a perturbed part. The perturbed distribution function is represented as a weighted summation over discrete particles, where the particle orbits are advanced by the equations of motion in the focusing field and self-generated fields, and the particle weights are advanced by an equation equivalent to the nonlinear Vlasov equation. The nonlinear delta f method exhibits minimal noise and accuracy problems in comparison with standard particle-in-cell simulations. Systematic studies are carried out for the particle dynamics under conditions corresponding to strong 3D nonlinear space-charge force. The simulations showed that finite bunch-length effects on the collective excitations become insignificant when the aspect ratio (z(b)/r(b)) is larger than 10 for a moderately intense beam with normalized intensity S-b = omega(2)(pb)/2 omega(2)(beta) = 0.27. For bunched beams with energy anisotropy (T-parallel to/T-perpendicular to < 1) a reference state has been constructed and a dynamic equilibrium is established in the simulations. Collective excitations relative to the dynamic equilibrium have also been successfully simulated by the generalized delta f algorithm. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hongqin@princeton.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.038 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600014 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Sefkow, AB Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Welch, DR AF Kaganovich, Igor D. Sefkow, Adam B. Startsev, Edward A. Davidson, Ronald C. Welch, Dale R. TI Effects of finite pulse length, magnetic field, and gas ionization on ion beam pulse neutralization by background plasma SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE beam-plasma interaction; magnetic field; plasma ID CHAMBER TRANSPORT; FUSION CHAMBER; FINAL FOCUS; SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONS AB This paper presents a survey of the present theoretical understanding of plasma neutralization of intense heavy ion beams. Particular emphasis is placed on determining the degree of charge and current neutralization. We previously developed a reduced analytical model of beam charge and current neutralization for an ion beam pulse propagating in a cold background plasma. The model made use of the conservation of generalized fluid vorticity. The predictions of the analytical model agree very well with numerical simulation results. The model predicts very good charge neutralization during quasi-steady-state propagation, provided the beam pulse duration is much longer than the electron plasma period. In the opposite limit, the beam pulse excites large-amplitude plasma waves. If the beam density is larger than the background plasma density, the plasma waves break, which leads to electron heating. The reduced-fluid description provides an important benchmark for numerical codes and yields useful scaling relations for different beam and plasma parameters. This model has been extended to include the additional effects of a solenoidal magnetic field, gas ionization and the transition regions during beam pulse entry and exit from the plasma. Analytical studies show that a sufficiently large solenoidal magnetic field can increase the degree of current neutralization of the ion beam pulse. However, simulations also show that the self-magnetic field structure of the ion beam pulse propagating through background plasma can be complex and non-stationary. Plasma waves generated by the beam head are greatly modified, and whistler waves propagating ahead of the beam pulse are excited during beam entry into the plasma. Accounting for plasma production by gas ionization yields a larger self-magnetic field of the ion beam compared to the case without ionization, and a wake of the current density and self-magnetic field are generated behind the beam pulse. Beam propagation in a dipole magnetic field configuration and background plasma has also been studied. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ikaganov@pppl.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.039 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600015 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Chung, M Davidson, RC Dorf, M Efthimion, PC Grote, DP Majeski, R Startsev, EA AF Gilson, Erik P. Chung, Moses Davidson, Ronald C. Dorf, Mikhail Efthimion, Philip C. Grote, David P. Majeski, Richard Startsev, Edward A. TI Conditions for minimization of halo particle production during transverse compression of intense ion charge bunches in the Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE ion beam; accelerator; plasma; Paul trap ID BEAM-PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY AB The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is a compact laboratory Paul trap that simulates propagation of a long, thin charged-particle bunch coasting through a multi-kilometer-long magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport system by putting the physicist in the frame-of-reference of the beam. The transverse dynamics of particles in both systems are described by the same sets of equations-including all nonlinear space-charge effects. The time-dependent quadrupolar voltages applied to the PTSX confinement electrodes correspond to the axially dependent magnetic fields applied in the AG system. This paper presents the results of experiments in which the amplitude of the applied confining voltage is changed over the course of the experiment in order to transversely compress a beam with an initial depressed tune v/v(0)similar to 0.9. Both instantaneous and smooth changes are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on determining the conditions that minimize the emittance growth and, generally, the number of particles that are found at large radius (so-called halo particles) after the beam compression. The experimental data are also compared with the results of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations performed with the WARP code. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.042 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600018 ER PT J AU Covo, MK Molvik, AW Friedman, A Barnard, JJ Seidl, PA Logan, BG Baca, D Vujic, JL AF Covo, M. Kireeff Molvik, A. W. Friedman, A. Barnard, J. J. Seidl, P. A. Logan, B. G. Baca, D. Vujic, J. L. TI Beam interaction measurements with a Retarding Field Analyzer in a high-current high-vacuum positively charged particle accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE energy analyzer; diagnostics; positively charged beam; high-current accelerator; high-vacuum ID HEAVY-ION BEAMS; POTENTIAL ANALYZERS; ELECTRON-EMISSION; ENERGY ANALYZER; RESOLUTION AB A Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) was inserted in a drift region of the magnetic transport section of the High-Current Experiment (HCX), that is at high-vacuum, to measure ions and electrons resulting from beam interaction with background gas and walls. The ions are expelled during the beam pulse by the space-charge potential and the electrons are expelled mainly at the end of the beam, when the beam potential decays. The ion energy distribution shows the beam potential of similar to 2100 V and the beam-background gas total cross-section of 3.1 x 10(-19) m(2). The electron energy distribution reveals that the expelled electrons are mainly desorbed from the walls and gain similar to 22eV from the beam potential decaying with time before entering the RFA. Details of the RFA design and of the measured energy distributions are presented and discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Covo, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 4155 Etcheverry Hall,MC 1730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kireeffeovo1@Ififl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.045 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600022 ER PT J AU Sharp, WM Grote, DP Cohen, RH Friedman, A Vay, JL Seidl, PA Roy, PK Coleman, JE Armijo, J Haber, I AF Sharp, W. M. Grote, D. P. Cohen, R. H. Friedman, A. Vay, J.-L. Seidl, P. A. Roy, P. K. Coleman, J. E. Armijo, J. Haber, I. TI Simulating electron clouds in high-current ion accelerators with solenoid focusing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE electron-cloud; heavy-ion; accelerators; particle-in-cell simulation; Monte-Carlo model AB Contamination from electrons is a concern for the solenoid-focused ion accelerators being developed for experiments in high-energy density physics (HEDP). These electrons are produced directly by beam ions hitting lattice elements and intercepting diagnostics, or indirectly by ionization of desorbed neutral gas, and they are believed responsible for time dependence of the beam radius, emittance, and focal distance seen on the solenoid transport experiment (STX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The electrostatic particle-in-cell code WARP has been upgraded to include the physics needed to simulate electron-cloud phenomena. We present preliminary self-consistent simulations of STX experiments suggesting that the observed time dependence of the beam stems from a complicated interaction of beam ions, desorbed neutrals, and electrons. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sharp, WM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wmsharp@lbl.gov RI Armijo, Julien/I-5413-2013 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.046 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600023 ER PT J AU Haber, I Feldman, D Fiorito, R Friedman, A Grote, DP Kishek, RA Quinn, B Reiser, M Rodgers, J O'Shea, PG Stratakis, D Tian, K Vay, JL Walter, M AF Haber, I. Feldman, D. Fiorito, R. Friedman, A. Grote, D. P. Kishek, R. A. Quinn, B. Reiser, M. Rodgers, J. O'Shea, P. G. Stratakis, D. Tian, K. Vay, J.-L. Walter, M. TI Measurement and simulation of the time-dependent behavior of the UMER source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE electron gun; virtual cathode; time-dependent simulation ID BEAMS; EMITTANCE AB Control of the time-dependent characteristics of the beam pulse, beginning when it is born from the source, is important for obtaining adequate beam intensity on a target. Recent experimental measurements combined with the new mesh-refinement capability ill WARP have improved the understanding of time-dependent beam characteristics beginning at the source, as well as the predictive ability of the simulation codes. The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), because of its ease of operation and flexible diagnostics has proved particularly useful for benchmarking WARP by comparing simulation to measurement. One source of significant agreement has been in the ability of three-dimensional WARP simulations to predict the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in the vicinity of the cathode grid in the UMER gun, and the subsequent measurement of the predicted oscillations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Sci Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Haber, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM haber@umd.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.048 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600025 ER PT J AU Westenskow, GA Kwan, JW Grote, DP Bieniosek, F AF Westenskow, G. A. Kwan, J. W. Grote, D. P. Bieniosek, F. TI High-brightness heavy-ion injector experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE ion source; particle injector; RF plasma source; emittance AB To provide a compact high-brightness heavy-ion beam source for Heavy Ion Fusion, we have performed experiments to study a proposed merging beamlet approach for the injector. We used an RF plasma source to produce the initial beamlets. An array of converging beamlets was used to produce a beam with the envelope radius, convergence, and ellipticity matched to an electrostatic quadrupole channel. Experimental results were in good quantitative agreement with simulation and have demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. The size of a driver-scale injector system using this approach will be several times smaller than one designed using traditional single large-aperture beams. The success of this experiment has possible significant economical and technical impacts on the architecture of HIF drivers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Westenskow, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM westenskowl@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.050 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600027 ER PT J AU Lund, SM Barnard, JJ Bukh, B Chawla, SR Chilton, SH AF Lund, Steven M. Barnard, John J. Bukh, Boris Chawla, Sugreev R. Chilton, Sven H. TI A core-particle model for periodically focused ion beams with intense space-charge SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE intense beam; space charge; emittance growth; simulation ID HALO FORMATION; DOMINATED BEAMS; CHANNELS; MOTION AB A core-particle (CP) model is derived to analyze transverse orbits of test-particles evolving in the presence of a core ion beam that has uniform density within an elliptical cross-section. The model can be applied to both quadrupole and solenoidal focused beams in periodic or aperiodic lattices. Efficient analytical descriptions of electrostatic space-charge fields external to the beam core are derived to simplify model equations. Image-charge effects are analyzed for an elliptical beam centered in a round, conducting pipe to estimate model corrections resulting from image-charge nonlinearities. Transformations are employed in diagnostics to remove coherent flutter motion associated with oscillations of the ion beam core due to rapidly varying, linear applied-focusing forces. Diagnostics for particle trajectories, Poincare phase-space projections, and single-particle emittances based on these transformations better illustrate the effects of nonlinear forces acting on particles evolving outside the core. A numerical code has been written based on this model. Example applications illustrate model characteristics. The CP model described has recently been applied to identify physical processes leading to space-charge transport limits for an rms-envelope matched beam in a periodic quadrupole focusing-channel [S.M. Lund, S.R. Chawla, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 561 (2006) 203]. Further characteristics of these processes are presented here. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM SMLund@llnl.gov RI Bukh, Boris/B-8146-2017 OI Bukh, Boris/0000-0003-4559-8336 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.051 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600028 ER PT J AU Schollmeier, M Roth, M Blazevic, A Brambrink, E Cobble, JA Fernandez, JC Flippo, KA Gautier, DC Habs, D Harres, K Hegelich, BM Hesslinga, T Hoffmann, DHH Letzring, S Nurnberg, F Schaumann, G Schreiber, J Witte, K AF Schollmeier, Marius Roth, M. Blazevic, A. Brambrink, E. Cobble, J. A. Fernandez, J. C. Flippo, K. A. Gautier, D. C. Habs, D. Harres, K. Hegelich, B. M. Hesslinga, T. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Letzring, S. Nuernberg, F. Schaumann, G. Schreiber, J. Witte, K. TI Laser ion acceleration with micro-grooved targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI ID BEAMS AB This paper reports on recent results of a series of experiments on laser-generated ion beams. The experiments were done at the 30 TW 'Trident' laser system at the Los Alamos National Laboratories in New Mexico, USA, and we demonstrated the first accelerated ions at the 10 TW beamline of the PHELIX laser system at Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany. The experiments show the dependence of the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration Process (TNSA) on laser imprint and target parameters. The results are compared to a simple model for the ion propagation. It shows that TNSA-driven protons form an ion beam with superior beam quality, following the versatile spatial beam-shaping approaches. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Munich, D-86748 Garching, Germany. RP Roth, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. EM markus.roth@physik.tu-darmstadt.de RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.052 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600029 ER PT J AU Coleman, JE Friedman, A Waldron, WL Bieniosek, FM Briggs, RJ Grote, DP Henestroza, E Roy, PK Seidl, PA Yu, SS AF Coleman, J. E. Friedman, A. Waldron, W. L. Bieniosek, F. M. Briggs, R. J. Grote, D. P. Henestroza, E. Roy, P. K. Seidl, P. A. Yu, S. S. TI Beam experiments on the pulse line ion accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE accelerator; ion; beam; longitudinal compression; breakdown; multipactor AB Beam experiments on a new accelerator concept called the Pulse Line Ion Accelerator (PLIA) have demonstrated the ability to accelerate and compress ion bunches. Charging the PLIA to its full potential is limited by a vacuum surface flashover. Discharge issues have been evaluated for possible solutions. A numerical model has been developed to investigate the breakdown phenomena. Experimental results and possible solutions for the elimination of the discharge are described. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SAIC, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. RP Coleman, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 47R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jecoleman@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.053 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600031 ER PT J AU Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Grisham, L Logan, BG Seidl, PA Waldron, W Yu, SS AF Efthimion, Philip C. Gilson, Erik P. Davidson, Ronald C. Grisham, Larry Logan, B. Grant Seidl, Peter A. Waldron, William Yu, Simon S. TI Ferroelectric plasma source for heavy ion beam space charge neutralization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE plasma source; neutralized transport; beam neutralization AB Plasmas are a source of unbound electrons for charge neutralizing intense heavy ion beams to allow them to focus to a small spot size and compress their axial pulse length. The plasma source should be able to operate at low neutral pressures and without strong externally applied electric or magnetic fields. To produce 1 m-long plasma columns, sources based upon ferroelectric ceramics with large dielectric coefficients are being developed. The sources utilize the ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO3 to form metal plasma. The drift tube inner surface of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX) will be covered with ceramic material, and high voltage (similar to 7 kV) will be applied between the drift tube and the front surface of the ceramics. A prototype ferroelectric source, 20 cm in length, has produced plasma densities of 5 x 10(11) cm(-3). It was integrated into the Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX), and successfully charge neutralized the K+ ion beam. A 1-m-long source comprised of five 20-cm-long sources has been tested. Simply connecting the five sources in parallel to a single pulse forming network power supply yielded non-uniform performance due to the time-dependent nature of the load that each of the five plasma sources experiences. Other circuit combinations have been considered, including powering each source by its own supply. The 1-m-long source has now been successfully characterized, producing relatively uniform plasma over the I in length of the source in the mid-10(10) cm(-3) density range. This source will be integrated into the NDCX device for charge neutralization and beam compression experiments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Efthimion, PC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM pefthimion@pppl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.088 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600032 ER PT J AU Veitzer, SA Stoltz, PH Barnard, JJ AF Veitzer, Seth A. Stoltz, Peter H. Barnard, John J. TI Evolution of the energy distribution of ions moving in aluminum targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE high energy density physics; ion stopping; stopping power AB The dynamics of ions moving in thin foils and underdense foams will play a key role in the design of future warm dense matter experiments. Using the SRIM code, we estimate that for initially mono-energetic 2.8 MeV Li+ ions hitting a solid density Al foil, the induced energy spread due to stochastic effects is 10% at a depth of 3.4 mu m. In contrast, for 400 keV K+ ions hitting an Al foam of 10% solid density, stochastic effects induce a nearly 100% energy spread. At these beam energies, the nuclear stopping effects are negligible for the Li beam, but not for the K beam. We estimate this stochastic energy spread leads to almost no change in uniformity of temperature for the target heated by the Li beam, but leads to a factor of two of non-uniformity in temperature of the target for the K beam over a depth of 3.4 mu m. One application of these new results for temperature profiles with realistic beam energy distributions is as input to hydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of the target. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TechX Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Veitzer, SA (reprint author), TechX Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM veitzer@txcorp.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.089 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600033 ER PT J AU Seidl, PA Armijo, J Baca, D Bieniosek, FM Coleman, J Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Friedman, A Gilson, EP Grote, D Haber, I Henestroza, E Kaganovich, I Leitner, M Logan, BG Molvik, AW Rose, DV Roy, PK Sefkow, AB Sharp, WM Vay, JL Waldron, WL Welch, DR Yu, SS AF Seidl, P. A. Armijo, J. Baca, D. Bieniosek, F. M. Coleman, J. Davidson, R. C. Efthimion, P. C. Friedman, A. Gilson, E. P. Grote, D. Haber, I. Henestroza, E. Kaganovich, I. Leitner, M. Logan, B. G. Molvik, A. W. Rose, D. V. Roy, P. K. Sefkow, A. B. Sharp, W. M. Vay, J. L. Waldron, W. L. Welch, D. R. Yu, S. S. TI Plans for longitudinal and transverse neutralized beam compression experiments, and initial results from solenoid transport experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE neutralized drift compression; charged-particle beams; particle-in-cell simulations; beam-plasma interaction AB This paper presents plans for neutralized drift compression experiments, precursors to future target heating experiments. The target-physics objective is to study warm dense matter (WDM) using short-duration (similar to 1 ns) ion beams that enter the targets at energies just above that at which dE/dx is maximal. High intensity on target is to be achieved by a combination of longitudinal compression and transverse focusing. This work will build upon recent success in longitudinal compression, where the ion beam was compressed lengthwise by a factor of more than 50 by first applying a linear head-to-tail velocity tilt to the beam, and then allowing the beam to drift through a dense, neutralizing background plasma. Studies on a novel pulse line ion accelerator were also carried out. It is planned to demonstrate simultaneous transverse focusing and longitudinal compression in a series of future experiments, thereby achieving conditions suitable for future WDM target experiments. Future experiments may use solenoids for transverse focusing of un-neutralized ion beams during acceleration. Recent results are reported in the transport of a high-perveance heavy ion beam in a solenoid transport channel. The principal objectives of this solenoid transport experiment are to match and transport a space-charge-dominated ion beam, and to study associated electron-cloud and gas effects that may limit the beam quality in a solenoid transport system. Ideally, the beam will establish a Brillouin-flow condition (rotation at one-half the cyclotron frequency). Other mechanisms that potentially degrade beam quality are being studied, such as focusing-field aberrations, beam halo, and separation of lattice focusing elements. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Seidl, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PASeidl@lbl.gov RI Armijo, Julien/I-5413-2013 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.055 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600035 ER PT J AU Roy, PK Yu, SS Waldron, WL Anders, A Baca, D Barnard, JJ Bleniosek, FM Coleman, J Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Eylon, S Friedman, A Gilson, EP Greenway, WG Henestroza, E Kaganovich, I Leitner, M Logan, BG Sefkow, AB Seidl, PA Sharp, WM Thoma, C Welch, DR AF Roy, P. K. Yu, S. S. Waldron, W. L. Anders, A. Baca, D. Barnard, J. J. Bleniosek, F. M. Coleman, J. Davidson, R. C. Efthimion, P. C. Eylon, S. Friedman, A. Gilson, E. P. Greenway, W. G. Henestroza, E. Kaganovich, I. Leitner, M. Logan, B. G. Sefkow, A. B. Seidl, P. A. Sharp, W. M. Thoma, C. Welch, D. R. TI Neutralized drift compression experiments with a high-intensity ion beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE beam; ion; longitudinal compression; plasma; neutralization; diagnostics; induction cell ID TRANSPORT-EXPERIMENT; CHAMBER TRANSPORT; FUSION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB To create high-energy density matter and fusion conditions, high-power drivers, such as lasers, ion beams, and X-ray drivers, may be employed to heat targets with short pulses compared to hydro-motion. Both high-energy density physics and ion-driven inertial fusion require the simultaneous transverse and longitudinal compression of an ion beam to achieve high intensities. We have previously studied the effects of plasma neutralization for transverse beam compression. The scaled experiment, the Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX), demonstrated that an initially un-neutralized beam can be compressed transversely to similar to 1 mm radius when charge neutralization by background plasma electrons is provided. Here, we report longitudinal compression of a velocity-tailored, intense, neutralized 25 mA K+ beam at 300 keV. The compression takes place in a 1-2 m drift section filled with plasma to provide space-charge neutralization. Ail induction cell produces a head-to-tail velocity ramp that longitudinally compresses the neutralized beam, enhances the beam peak current by a factor of 50 and produces a pulse duration of about 3 ns. The physics of longitudinal compression, experimental procedure, and the results of the compression experiments are presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Roy, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pkroy@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.056 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600036 ER PT J AU Welch, DR Rose, DV Thoma, C Sefkow, AB Kaganovich, ID Seidl, PA Yu, SS Barnard, JJ Roy, PK AF Welch, Dale R. Rose, David V. Thoma, Carsten Sefkow, Adam B. Kaganovich, Igor D. Seidl, Peter A. Yu, Simon S. Barnard, John J. Roy, Prabir K. TI Integrated simulation of an ion-driven warm dense matter experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE beam; ion; longitudinal compression; plasma; neutralization; particle in cell ID NEUTRALIZED-TRANSPORT-EXPERIMENT; 2-STREAM STABILITY; BEAM; FUSION; CONDUCTIVITY; PLASMAS; FIELD AB Longitudinal compression factors in excess of 50 of a 300-keV, 20-mA K+ ion beam have been demonstrated in the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX) in agreement with LSP particle-in-cell simulations using the experimental tilt voltage waveform. Here, pre-formed plasma provides beam neutralization for a 1-2-m drift length. To achieve simultaneous transverse and longitudinal compression, we must understand and account for the impact of the applied velocity tilt on the transverse phase space of the beam. Of equal importance to achieving warm dense matter and heavy ion fusion conditions, is quantifying the effect of beam plasma interactions, including stability and neutralization, on the beam transport throughout the drift section up to the target. Critical new issues relate to transverse focusing of the axially compressing ion beam in a high-field (3-15T) solenoid that is filled with plasma. Integrated LSP simulations that include modeling of the diode, magnetic transport, induction bunching module, plasma neutralized transport, solenoidal focusing and beam target interaction, are assisting in the design of a near-term warm dense matter experiment. We discuss the simulation algorithms and present calculations of designs for such an experiment that will heat an aluminum target up to roughly 1-eV temperature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Welch, DR (reprint author), Voss Sci, 418 Washington SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM dalew@vosssci.com NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.057 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600037 ER PT J AU Grisham, LR Kwan, JW Westenskow, G AF Grisham, L. R. Kwan, J. W. Westenskow, G. TI Halogens for negative ion beams and ion-ion plasmas SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE ion-ion plasma; negative ions; heavy negative ion beam ID DRIVER; FUSION AB Negative ions have attractive features as drivers for inertial confinement fusion, because they will avoid electron cloud effects, and could be efficiently photodetached to neutrals after the final focus, which could also be beneficial in heating warm dense matter targets. The halogens have large electron affinities, and thus should be able to produce high current densities of relatively robust negative ions. Recent experiments comparing chlorine beams to argon beams using the same source, extraction optics, and diagnostics have demonstrated that Cl- beams can be produced with similar emittance to Ar+ beams, and with about 3/4 the current density from the same 4 configuration. The observed effective beam temperature of about 1/3eV, and the similarity of current densities show that negative halogen 3 beams can meet the current density and emittance requirements of heavy ion fusion. The near equivalence of the Cl- and Cl+ + Cl-2(+) current densities reaching the Faraday cup after passage through a substantial line density of effluent gas demonstrates that beam losses in the higher vacuum of a heavy ion fusion accelerator should be acceptable. A number of lines of evidence show that negative ion-positive ion plasmas (hereafter ion-ion plasmas), composed primarily of negative and positive ions with a small population of electrons, were produced in the sources near the extractor plane. Since Cl, F, I, and Br should all show similar chemistry, ally of these halogens should be suitable as fusion driver beams, and heating thin iodine or bromine foils may produce ion-ion plasmas in the warm dense matter regime. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM lgrisham@pppl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.061 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600042 ER PT J AU Barnard, JJ Armijo, J More, RM Friedman, A Kaganovich, I Logan, BG Marinak, MM Penn, GE Sefkow, AB Santhanam, P Stoltz, P Veitzer, S Wurtele, JS AF Barnard, J. J. Armijo, J. More, R. M. Friedman, A. Kaganovich, I. Logan, B. G. Marinak, M. M. Penn, G. E. Sefkow, A. B. Santhanam, P. Stoltz, P. Veitzer, S. Wurtele, J. S. TI Theory and simulation of warm dense matter targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE warm dense matter; hydrodynamics; equation of state; beam-plasma interactions AB We present simulations and analysis of the heating of warm dense matter (WDM) foils by ion beams with energy less than 1 MeV per nucleon to target temperatures of order 1 eV. Simulations were carried out using the multi-physics radiation hydrodynamics code HYDRA and comparisons are made to an analytical model and the code DPC. We simulate possible targets to be used in a proposed experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (the so-called Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment, NDCX II) for studies of WDM. We compare the dynamics of ideally heated targets under several assumed equations of state and explore target dynamics in the two-phase (fluid-vapor) regime. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-637, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjbarnard@llnl.gov RI Armijo, Julien/I-5413-2013; wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.062 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600043 ER PT J AU Bieniosek, FM Barnard, JJ Leitner, MA Molvik, AW More, RM Roy, PK AF Bieniosek, F. M. Barnard, J. J. Leitner, M. A. Molvik, A. W. More, R. M. Roy, P. K. TI Diagnostics for near-term warm dense matter experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE inertial fusion energy; ion beam; diagnostics; warm dense matter ID INTENSE HEAVY-ION; TARGETS; PHYSICS; BEAMS AB We describe near-term ion beam-driven warm dense matter (WDM) experiments. Initial experiments are at low beam velocity, below the Bragg peak, increasing toward the Bragg peak in subsequent versions of the accelerator. The WDM conditions are envisioned to be achieved by combined longitudinal and transverse neutralized drift compression to provide a hot spot on the target with a beam spot size of about 1 mu m and pulse length about 1-2 ns. The range of the beams in solid matter targets is about 1 mu m, which can be lengthened by using porous targets at reduced density. Initial candidate experiments include an experiment to study transient darkening in the WDM regime; and a thin target dE/dx experiment to study beam energy and charge state distribution in a heated target. Further experiments will explore target temperature and other properties such as electrical conductivity to investigate phase transitions and the critical point. Initial diagnostics will be relatively simple or extensions of existing capabilities. These include electrical resistivity and optical absorption. measurements to provide information on target temperature and electronic phase transitions. Beam energy and charge state after passing through thin targets can be measured using time of flight and the existing electrostatic energy analyzer. Ion beam current and profile diagnostics will be improved to diagnose the small spot sizes to be achieved in these experiments. Other diagnostics of interest may monitor optical emission (e.g. fast optical pyrometer, streak cameras), and utilize laser reflectometry, polarimetry, or shadowgraphy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmbieniosek@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.063 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600044 ER PT J AU Sefkow, AB Davidson, RC Kaganovich, ID Gilson, EP Roy, PK Seidl, PA Yu, SS Welch, DR Rose, DV Barnard, JJ AF Sefkow, Adam B. Davidson, Ronald C. Kaganovich, Igor D. Gilson, Erik P. Roy, Prabir K. Seidl, Peter A. Yu, Simon S. Welch, Dale R. Rose, David V. Barnard, John J. TI Optimized simultaneous transverse and longitudinal focusing of intense ion beam pulses for warm dense matter applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL St Malo, FRANCE SP Univ Paris Sud XI DE neutralized drift compression; charged-particle beams; particle-in-cell simulations; beam-plasma interaction ID CURRENT NEUTRALIZATION; FINAL FOCUS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; CHARGE; FUSION; PLASMA AB Intense, space-charge-dominated ion beam pulses for warm dense matter and heavy ion fusion applications must undergo simultaneous transverse and longitudinal bunch compression in order to meet the requisite beam intensities desired at the target. The longitudinal compression of an ion bunch is achieved by imposing an initial axial velocity tilt on the drifting beam and subsequently neutralizing its space-charge and current in a drift region filled with high-density plasma. The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has measured a sixty-fold longitudinal current compression of an intense ion beam with pulse duration of a few nanoseconds, in agreement with simulations and theory. A strong solenoid is modeled near the end of the drift region in order to transversely focus the beam to a sub-millimeter spot size coincident with the longitudinal focal plane. The charge and current neutralization provided by the background plasma is critical in determining the total achievable transverse and longitudinal compression of the beam pulse. Numerical simulations show that the current density of an NDCX ion beam can be compressed over a few meters by factors greater than 105 with peak beam density in excess Of 10(14) cm(-3). The peak beam density sets a lower bound on the local plasma density required near the focal plane for optimal beam compression, since the simulations show stagnation of the compression when n(beam) > n(plasma). Beam-plasma interactions can also have a deleterious effect on the compression physics and lead to the formation of nonlinear wave excitations in the plasma. Simulations that optimize designs for the simultaneous transverse and longitudinal focusing of an NDCX ion beam for future warm dense matter experiments are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sefkow, AB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM asefkow@pppl.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 577 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.02.064 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 188DQ UT WOS:000247899600045 ER PT J AU Ryan, CG Siddons, DP Moorhead, G Kirkham, R Dunn, PA Dragone, A De Geronimo, G AF Ryan, C. G. Siddons, D. P. Moorhead, G. Kirkham, R. Dunn, P. A. Dragone, A. De Geronimo, G. TI Large detector array and real-time processing and elemental image projection of X-ray and proton microprobe fluorescence data SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications held in Conjunction with the 2nd International Workshop on Proton Beam Writing CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE detector; real-time processing; PIXE; SXRF; nuclear microprobe; X-ray microprobe ID NUCLEAR MICROPROBE; EXAFS EXPERIMENTS; SYSTEM; PIXE AB A detector concept is described that integrates a large solid-angle detector array developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory and a high speed pipelined parallel processing engine developed at CSIRO for machine vision, with an embedded implementation of the Dynamic Analysis method for fluorescence spectra deconvolution and image projection, to yield a detection system capable of energy-dispersive detection, spectral deconvolution and real-time elemental imaging at similar to 10(8) events per second for PIXE elemental imaging using the nuclear microprobe and SXRF elemental imaging using the synchrotron X-ray microprobe. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Monash Univ, CSIRO Explorat & Mining Geosci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CSIRO Mfg & Mat Technol, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Tasmania, CODES Ctr Excellence, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Ryan, CG (reprint author), Monash Univ, CSIRO Explorat & Mining Geosci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. EM Chris.Ryan@csiro.au RI Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; Kirkham, Robin/C-9786-2010; Dunn, Paul/D-6721-2012 OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Kirkham, Robin/0000-0003-1012-3496; NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2007 VL 260 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.271 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193HK UT WOS:000248264900003 ER PT J AU Vizkelethy, G Reed, RA Marshall, PW Pellish, JA AF Vizkelethy, G. Reed, R. A. Marshall, P. W. Pellish, J. A. TI Ion beam induced charge (IBIC) studies of silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications held in Conjunction with the 2nd International Workshop on Proton Beam Writing CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE IBIC; TRIBIC; SiGe; radiation effects; single event upset AB SiGe HBTs are strong candidates for space communication applications because of their resistance to total dose effects and their overall high performance. However, they seem to be sensitive to single event upsets (SEUs). These devices were designed using deep trench isolation geometry to reduce charge collection due to ion hits outside the active area. Using four electrode (base, emitter, collector, and substrate) IBIC measurements at the Sandia Nuclear Microprobe Facility, we found that the largest fraction of the induced charge occurred on the collector and on the substrate; significantly less induced charge was found on the base electrode, and practically no induced charge was detected on the emitter. These devices showed a very well defined, high charge collection area enclosed by the deep trench. There was a sudden drop of induced charge at the trench but a long tail was present outside of the active area extending several tens of microns. The charge collection mechanisms inside and outside of the deep trench will be discussed and first results of Time Resolved IBIC in SiGe HBTs will be presented. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NASA GFC Consultant, Brookneal, VA USA. RP Vizkelethy, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gvizkel@sandia.gov RI Pellish, Jonathan/A-8591-2008 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2007 VL 260 IS 1 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.032 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193HK UT WOS:000248264900051 ER PT J AU Laird, JS Scheick, L Vizkelethy, G Mojarradi, MM Miyahira, T Chen, Y Blalock, B Greenwell, R Terry, S Doyle, B AF Laird, Jamie Stuart Scheick, Leif Vizkelethy, Gyorgy Mojarradi, Mohammad M. Miyahira, Tetsuo Chen, Yuan Blalock, Benjamin Greenwell, Robert Terry, Stephen Doyle, Barney TI Single event transient analysis of an SOI operational amplifier for use in low-temperature Martian exploration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications held in Conjunction with the 2nd International Workshop on Proton Beam Writing CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE silicon on insulator; operational amplifier; single event transient; CMOS AB The next generation of Martian rovers to be launched by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are to examine polar regions where temperatures are extremely low and the absence of an earth-like atmosphere results in high levels of cosmic radiation at ground level. Cosmic rays lead to a plethora of radiation effects including Single Event Transients which can severely degrade microelectronic functionality. As such, a radiation-hardened, temperature compensated CMOS Single-on-insulator (SOI) Operational Amplifier has been designed for JPL by the University of Tennessee and fabricated by Honeywell using the SOI V process. SOI technology has been shown to be far less sensitive to transient effects than both bulk and epilayer Si. Broad beam heavy-ion tests at the University of Texas A&M using Kr and Xe beams of energy 25 MeV/amu were performed to ascertain the duration and severity of the SET for the op-amp configured for a low and high gain application. However, some ambiguity regarding the location of transient formation required the use of a focused MeV ion microbeam. A 36 MeV O6+ microbeam at the Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) was used to image and verify regions of particular concern. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Laird, JS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Jamie.S.Laird@jpl.nasa.gov RI Laird, Jamie/A-7683-2011 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2007 VL 260 IS 1 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.035 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193HK UT WOS:000248264900054 ER PT J AU Castaneda, CM Gearhart, DG Gearhart, RM Sanii, B Englert, PAJ Dempsey, JF Young, JC Drake, DM Reedy, RC AF Castaneda, C. M. Gearhart, D. G. Gearhart, R. M. Sanii, B. Englert, P. A. J. Dempsey, J. F. Young, J. C. Drake, D. M. Reedy, R. C. TI Gamma ray production cross sections from the bombardment of Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Fe with medium energy neutrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE neutrons; gamma rays; neutron-induced gamma ray production; production; production cross sections; elemental cross sections ID SCATTERING; ELEMENTS AB Gamma ray production cross sections for the stronger gamma rays from nuclei excited by neutron bombardment of Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Fe have been measured using a time analyzed, quasi-mono-energetic neutron beam and a high-purity germanium detector. The results for neutron energies of 6.5, 17.4, 22.2, 32.5, 42.1 and 64.5 MeV are presented. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Jose State Univ, Nucl Sci Facil, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Chico, CA 95929 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Englert, PAJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 EW Rd,POST 509A, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM englert@higp.hawaii.edu OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2007 VL 260 IS 2 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.04.019 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193AG UT WOS:000248244900002 ER PT J AU Hunt, AL Petrucci, GA Bierman, PR Finkel, RC AF Hunt, A. L. Petrucci, G. A. Bierman, P. R. Finkel, R. C. TI Investigation of metal matrix systems for cosmogenic Al-26 analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE accelerator mass spectrometry; Al-26; ion source AB We report experiments designed to help optimize accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of Al-26 (in the form of Al2O3) for geochronologic and geomorphologic applications. Analysis times are long and the precision of AMS are restricted by counting statistics for 26 Al, which are in turn limited by the intensity of Al- beam currents. We show that ion beam currents are affected by the metal matrix in which Al2O3 is dispersed, by the matrix-to-Al2O3 Mixing ratio, and for at least some matrices, such as Ag, by the depth to which the sample is packed in the AMS cathode. Typical instantaneous Al+7 currents (mu A) produced by the LLNL CAMS Cs sputter ion source and measured in a Faraday cup after the accelerator are 2.26 for samples in Ag, 2.17 in Re, 2.00 in Nb, 1.92 in V and 1.73 in Mo. The AMS counting efficiency (Al-ions detected per Al atom loaded in the target) for a constant analysis time (900 s) and for equimolar mixtures of Al2O3 and matrix is in the range of 6 x 10(-5)-9 x 10(-5) in the order Ag > Re > Nb > V > Mo. Additionally, we observed a correlation between the ion detection efficiency (Al ions detected per Al atoms loaded) and the matrix work function and inverse vaporization enthalpy of the matrix and beam current. Typical currents (ltA) obtained with elemental Al are 13.3 for samples in no matrix, 3.23 in V, 3.14 in Nb, 3.07 in Re, 2.85 in Mo, 1.46 in Ag. The ion detection efficiency for elemental Al correlates strongly with matrix electron affinity. Thus, our data indicate that the current practice of mixing Al2O3 with Ag is reasonable until a means is found to produce cathodes of elemental Al. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, Livermore, CA 94511 USA. RP Petrucci, GA (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM Giuseppe.Petrucci@uvm.edu NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2007 VL 260 IS 2 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.101 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193AG UT WOS:000248244900022 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Ding, YS Alexoff, D Patel, V Logan, J Lin, KS Shea, C Muench, L Xua, YW Carter, P King, P Constanzo, JR Ciaccio, JA Fowler, JS AF Kim, Sung Won Ding, Yu-Shin Alexoff, David Patel, Vinal Logan, Jean Lin, Kuo-Shyan Shea, Colleen Muench, Lisa Xua, Youwen Carter, Pauline King, Payton Constanzo, Jasmine R. Ciaccio, James A. Fowler, Joanna S. TI Synthesis and positron emission tomography studies of C-11-labeled isotopomers and metabolites of GTS-21, a partial alpha-7 nicotinic cholinergic agonist drug SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [C-11]GTS-21; carbon-11; alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; drug pharmacokinetics; PET; labeled metabolites ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; IN-VIVO; BRAIN; ANABASEINE; BINDING; ANALOGS; RADIOTRACERS; PATHOLOGY; DEFICITS AB Introduction: (3E)-3-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine (GTS-21), a partial alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist drug, has recently been shown to improve cognition in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. One of its two major demethylated metabolites, 4-OH-GTS-21, has been suggested to contribute to its therapeutic effects. Methods: We labeled GTS-21 in two different positions with carbon-11 ([2-methoxy-C-11]GTS-21 and [4-C-11]GTS-21) along with two corresponding demethylated metabolites ([2-methoxy-C-11]4-OH-GTS-21 and [4-rnethoxy-C-11]2-OH-GTS-21) for pharmacokinetic Studies in baboons and mice with positron emission tomography (PET). Results: Both [2-C-11]GTS-21 and [4-methoxy-C-11]GTS-21 showed similar initial high rapid uptake in baboon brain, peaking from I to 3.5 min (0.027-0.038%ID/cc) followed by rapid clearance (t(1/2)< 15 min), resulting in low brain retention by 30 min. However, after 30 min, [2-methoxy-C-11]GTS-21 continued to clear while [4-inethoxy-C-11]GTS-21 plateauted, suggesting the entry of a labeled metabolite into the brain. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of the two labeled metabolites confirmed expected higher brain uptake and retention of [4-methoxy-11C]2-OH-GTS-21 (the labeled metabolite of [4-methoxy-C-11]GTS-21) relative to [2-methoxy-C-11]4-OH-GTS-21 (the labeled metabolite of [2-inethoxy-C-11]GTS-21), which had negligible brain uptake. Ex vivo studies in mice showed that GTS-21 is the major chemical form in the mouse brain. Whole-body dynamic PET imaging in baboon and mouse showed that the major route of excretion of C-11 is through the gallbladder. Conclusions: The major findings areas follows: (a) extremely rapid uptake and clearance of [2-methoxy-C-11]GTS-21 from the brain, which may need to be considered in developing optimal dosing of GTS-21 for patients, and (b) significant brain uptake of 2-OH-GTS-21, suggesting that it might contribute to the therapeutic effects of GTS-21. This study illustrates the value of comparing different label positions and labeled metabolites to gain insight on the behavior of a central nervous system drug and its metabolites in the brain, providing an important perspective on drug pharmacokinetics. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Fordham Univ, Dept Chem, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM swkim@bnl.gov OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA 020001, K05 DA020001] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.04.005 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 187PM UT WOS:000247860300009 PM 17591554 ER PT J AU Birgersson, E Oberstedt, S Oberstedt, A Hambsch, FJ Rochman, D Tsekhanovich, I Raman, S AF Birgersson, E. Oberstedt, S. Oberstedt, A. Hambsch, F.-J. Rochman, D. Tsekhanovich, I. Raman, S. TI Light fission-fragment mass distribution from the reaction Cf-251(n(th),f) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions; (251) Cf(n(th),f); californium-251; neutron-induced fission; fission modes; minor actinides; transmutation; fission-fragment spectroscopy ID PRODUCT KINETIC ENERGIES; NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; HEAVY-IONS; STATES; YIELDS; MODEL AB For mass numbers A = 80 to 124 the recoil mass spectrometer LOHENGRIN of the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble was used to measure with high resolution the light fi ssion- fragment mass yields and kinetic energy distributions from thermal-neutron induced fission of Cf-252* for the first time, using Cf-251 as target material. The obtained mean light fragment mass < A(L)> = (107 +/- 2) and the corresponding mean kinetic energy < E-k,E-L > = (103 +/- 2) MeV are within the expected trend. Emission yields around A = 115 are enhanced and the corresponding mean kinetic energy is higher compared to spontaneous fission of Cf-252. This could be explained by the existence of an additional super-deformed fission mode. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, EC JRC, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Univ Orebro, Inst Naturvetenskap, S-70182 Orebro, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oberstedt, S (reprint author), Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, EC JRC, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM stephan.oberstedt@ec.europa.eu OI Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 791 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.04.018 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 196RG UT WOS:000248499100001 ER PT J AU Kass, R Hast, C Ter-Antonyan, R AF Kass, R. Hast, C. Ter-Antonyan, R. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for tau-lepton decays to seven or more pions with BABAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Tau-Lepton Physics CY SEP 19-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY ID MONTE-CARLO; PHYSICS AB We report the results of searches for several decay modes of the tau-lepton with >= 7 pions in the final state using 207* 10(6) tau-pairs collected with the BABAR detector. For the decays with 7 charged pions in the final state we find the following 90% CL upper limits: beta(tau(-) -> 4 pi(-)3 pi(+)(pi(0))nu(tau)) < 3.0 * 10(-7), beta(tau--> 4 pi(-)3 pi(+)nu(tau)) < 4.3 * 10(-7), and beta(tau--> 4 pi(-)3 pi(+)pi(0)nu(tau)) < 2.5 * 10(-7). We also search for the decay tau(-)-> 3 pi(-)2 pi(+)2 pi(0)nu(tau) and report a 90% CL upper limit of < 3.4 * 10(-6) for its branching fraction. Finally, we search for the exclusive final state tau--> 2 omega pi(-)nu(tau) and find a 90% CL upper limit for its branching fraction of < 5.4 * 10(-7). C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kass, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Phys Res Bldg,191 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 169 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.02.114 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 195CM UT WOS:000248390100007 ER PT J AU Morel, JE AF Morel, Jim E. TI Spatial finite-element lumping techniques for the quadrilateral mesh S-n equations in X-Y geometry SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We consider two general finite-element lumping techniques for the S-n equations with discontinuous finite-element spatial discretization and apply them to quadrilateral meshes in x-y geometry. One technique is designed to ensure a conservative approximation and is referred to as conservation preserving (CP). The other technique is designed to preserve the exact solution whenever it is contained within the trial space and is referred to as solution preserving (SP). These techniques are applied in x-y geometry on structured nonorthogonal grids using the bilinear-discontinuous finite-element approximation. The schemes are both theoretically analyzed and computationally tested. Analysis shows that the two lumping schemes are equivalent on parallelogram meshes. Computational results indicate that both techniques perform extremely well on smooth quadrilateral meshes. On nonsmooth meshes, the preserving technique retains its excellent performance while the CP technique degrades. The reasons for this degradation are discussed. Although the SP scheme has proven to be generally effective on quadrilateral meshes in x-y geometry, it is not expected to be effective for quadrilaterals in r-z geometry or for hexahedra in three dimensional Cartesian geometry. Thus, a full lumping procedure for general nonorthogonal meshes that possesses all of the desired properties has yet to be found. For reasons that are discussed it appears unlikely that such a procedure exists. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Dic, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, TAMU 3133, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@tamu.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 156 IS 3 BP 325 EP 342 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 181LU UT WOS:000247439000002 ER PT J AU Courcelle, A AF Courcelle, Arnaud TI Evaluation of the U-238 neutron cross section in the unresolved resonance range SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; FLUCTUATIONS; PHYSICS; TESTS; 238U AB This paper presents a new analysis of the U-238 cross sections in the unresolved resonance range, from 20 to 150 keV Statistical analysis of the resonance parameters in the resolved resonance range with random-matrix theory provides accurate experimental values of strength function, average radiative width and average level spacing for s- and p-wave resonances. Above 20 keV, the simultaneous fit of selected experimental data (average transmission and capture) is performed with a statistical model of nuclear reactions as implemented in the SAMMY code. Compared to previous evaluations, such as those described by Frohner or by Maslov et al., this work benefits from the accurate transmission data measured by Harvey et al. at Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator, which have never been studied before. This new evaluation was written into the current ENDF format for use in practical applications. This work stresses the needfor an improved ENDF format to store average resonance parameters and cross sections in the unresolved resonance range. C1 CEA, DEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Courcelle, A (reprint author), CEA, DEN Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM arnaud.courcelle@cea.fr NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 156 IS 3 BP 391 EP 402 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 181LU UT WOS:000247439000005 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, Thomas E. TI Unbiased Monte Carlo estimation of the reciprocal of an integral SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A method to provide an unbiased Monte Carlo estimate of the reciprocal of an integral is described. In Monte Carlo transport calculations, one often uses a single sample as an estimate of an integral. This paper shows that a similar situation exists with respect to a single sample for an unbiased estimate of the reciprocal of an integral. If an appropriate approximation to the integrand is known, then obtaining a single unbiased estimate of the reciprocal of an integral will not be much more time consuming than obtaining a single unbiased estimate of the integral itself. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop A143, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM teb@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 156 IS 3 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 181LU UT WOS:000247439000006 ER PT J AU Das, D Clark, TA Schweitzer, A Yamamoto, M Marr, H Arribere, J Minovitsky, S Poliakov, A Dubchak, I Blume, JE Conboy, JG AF Das, Debopriya Clark, Tyson A. Schweitzer, Anthony Yamamoto, Miki Marr, Henry Arribere, Josh Minovitsky, Simon Poliakov, Alexander Dubchak, Inna Blume, John E. Conboy, John G. TI A correlation with exon expression approach to identify cis-regulatory elements for tissue-specific alternative splicing SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRACT BINDING-PROTEIN; MICROARRAYS; SEQUENCE; SITES; GENOME; DISCOVERY; GENE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ENHANCERS AB Correlation of motif occurrences with gene expression intensity is an effective strategy for elucidating transcriptional cis-regulatory logic. Here we demonstrate that this approach can also identify cis-regulatory elements for alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Using data from a human exon microarray, we identified 56 cassette exons that exhibited higher transcript-normalized expression in muscle than in other normal adult tissues. Intron sequences flanking these exons were then analyzed to identify candidate regulatory motifs for muscle-specific alternative splicing. Correlation of motif parameters with gene-normalized exon expression levels was examined using linear regression and linear splines on RNA words and degenerate weight matrices, respectively. Our unbiased analysis uncovered multiple candidate regulatory motifs for muscle-specific splicing, many of which are phylogenetically conserved among vertebrate genomes. The most prominent downstream motifs were binding sites for Fox1-and CELF- related splicing factors, and a branchpoint-like element ACUAAC; pyrimidine-rich elements resembling PTB-binding sites were most significant in upstream introns. Intriguingly, our systematic study indicates a paucity of novel muscle-specific elements that are dominant in short proximal intronic regions. We propose that Fox and CELF proteins play major roles in enforcing the muscle-specific alternative splicing program, facilitating expression of unique isoforms of cytoskeletal proteins critical to muscle cell function. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ddas@potternexus.lbl.gov; jgconboy@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL045182, HL45182, R56 HL045182]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK075021] NR 64 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 IS 14 BP 4845 EP 4857 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm485 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 212QP UT WOS:000249612200025 PM 17626050 ER PT J AU Brudno, M Poliakov, A Minovitsky, S Ratnere, I Dubchak, I AF Brudno, Michael Poliakov, Alexander Minovitsky, Simon Ratnere, Igor Dubchak, Inna TI Multiple whole genome alignments and novel biomedical applications at the VISTA portal SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE ALIGNMENTS; TOOLS; MOUSE AB The VISTA portal for comparative genomics is designed to give biomedical scientists a unified set of tools to lead them from the raw DNA sequences through the alignment and annotation to the visualization of the results. The VISTA portal also hosts the alignments of a number of genomes computed by our group, allowing users to study the regions of their interest without having to manually download the individual sequences. Here we describe various algorithmic and functional improvements implemented in the VISTA portal over the last 2 years. The VISTA Portal is accessible at http://genome.lbl.gov/vista. C1 [Poliakov, Alexander; Minovitsky, Simon; Ratnere, Igor; Dubchak, Inna] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brudno, Michael] Univ Toronto, Dept Comp Sci, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. [Dubchak, Inna] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Dubchak, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ildubchak@lbl.gov FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG003988, R01 HG003988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL066681, U01 HL066681] NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 SU S BP W669 EP W674 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm279 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 293CD UT WOS:000255311500123 PM 17488840 ER PT J AU Thompson, WA Newberg, LA Conlan, S McCue, LA Lawrence, CE AF Thompson, William A. Newberg, Lee A. Conlan, Sean McCue, Lee Ann Lawrence, Charles E. TI The Gibbs Centroid Sampler SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION; MODELS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOMES AB The Gibbs Centroid Sampler is a software package designed for locating conserved elements in biopolymer sequences. The Gibbs Centroid Sampler reports a centroid alignment, i.e. an alignment that has the minimum total distance to the set of samples chosen from the a posteriori probability distribution of transcription factor binding-site alignments. In so doing, it garners information from the full ensemble of solutions, rather than only the single most probable point that is the target of many motif-finding algorithms, including its predecessor, the Gibbs Recursive Sampler. Centroid estimators have been shown to yield substantial improvements, in both sensitivity and positive predictive values, to the prediction of RNA secondary structure and motif finding. The Gibbs Centroid Sampler, along with interactive tutorials, an online user manual, and information on downloading the software, is available at: http://bayesweb.wadsworth.org/gibbs/gibbs.html. C1 [Thompson, William A.; Lawrence, Charles E.] Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Ctr Computat Mol Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Newberg, Lee A.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Newberg, Lee A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Conlan, Sean] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10032 USA. [McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thompson, WA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Ctr Computat Mol Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM william_thompson_1@brown.edu RI Conlan, Sean/B-4401-2008; OI Conlan, Sean/0000-0001-6848-3465; McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015578, 2P20-RR01-5578-06]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01-HG01257, K25 HG003291, R01 HG001257, K25-HG003291] NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 35 SU S BP W232 EP W237 DI 10.1093/nar/gkm265 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 293CD UT WOS:000255311500044 PM 17483517 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Khurgin, J Lorenzo, J Jin, F Xiong, XC Jia, K Trivedi, S Soos, J Hansen, M Russomanno, C AF Chen, Zhongyang Khurgin, Jacob Lorenzo, Jose Jin, Feng Xiong, Xiangchun Jia, Ken Trivedi, Sudhir Soos, Jolanta Hansen, Marion Russomanno, Charles TI Near-infrared spectropolarimeter using an acousto-optic tunable filter SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spectropolarimetry; near-infrared spectroscopy; polymer rheology; tunable acousto-optic filter ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; EXTRUSION PROCESS; SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLES AB The long chain of a polymer molecule often has intrinsic linear birefringence and/or dichroism, which lead to macroscopic properties when the molecules have a preferred orientation under nonequilibrium conditions, such as flow of a polymer melt. Measurements of properties, including linear birefringence, in a polymer melt can in turn lead to valuable insights into its structure, morphology, and rheology. We demonstrate that a spectropolarimeter based on an acousto-optic tunable filter can measure linear birefringence in real time during the manufacture of polymers, at hundreds of wavelengths, within 5 min, and thus provides more information than use of a spectrometer or laser-based polarimetry alone. In this work, optical properties of different molten ethylene vinyl acetate samples were measured with a spectropolarimeter based on an acousto-optic tunable filter and a photoelastic modulator in the near infrared. Regression models of the results indicate good correlation between the melt indices of the samples and the measured spectra. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Brimose Corp Amer, Sparks, MD 21152 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 N Charles St,Barton 105, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM zychen@jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 7 AR 073605 DI 10.1117/1.2753503 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 221BA UT WOS:000250200700014 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Vikhnin, VS Kapphan, SE AF Liu, G. K. Vikhnin, V. S. Kapphan, S. E. TI Light-induced metastable states in ferroelectric oxides SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE charge transfer vibronic excitons; polar clusters; luminescence; Raman scattering; light-induced states ID CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITONS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CENTERS; SRTIO3; KTAO3 AB New Raman scattering lines (at 463 cm(-1) and at 156 cm(-1)) induced by strong enough optical pumping in nominally pure KTaO3 crystals are manifested. The model of such effect is proposed. This model is based on the light-induced formation of metastable polar clusters constructed from bi-polaronic excitons - Charge Transfer Vibronic Excitons (CTVEs) with their high degree alignment. The CTVEs are caused by photo-carriers with high local concentration which are trapped to local potential wells related with long-range defect fields. CTVE formation are realized in these potential. wells due to significant easing of charge transfer fluctuations induced by photo-carrier screening effects. This model is effective also for explanation of giant dielectric constant inducing by strong illumination which was detected recently in KTaO3 and SrTiO3 by Japanese investigators [M. Takesada, T. Yagi, M. Itoh, S. Koshihara, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 (2003) 37; T. Hasegawa, S. Mouri, Y. Yamada, K. Tanaka, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 72 (2003) 41; 1. Katayama, Y. Ichikawa, K. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 100102(R)]. Another aspect of the present study was specific recombination luminescence of CTVEs which was investigated here with respect to the influence of additional IR pumping. The present investigation has led to experimental evidence of new, mainly non-linear CTVE with good defined metastable behavior. Such an essentially anharmonic CTVE with respect to charge transfer and lattice displacements was predicted recently in our work [V.S. Vikhnin, Solid State Commun. 127 (2003) 283]. Here, we present experimental evidence of the existence of a new type of exciton state. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Solid State Opt Dept, St Petersburg, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Vikhnin, VS (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Solid State Opt Dept, St Petersburg, Russia. EM valentin.vikhnin@uos.de; siegmar.kapphan@uos.de NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1394 EP 1399 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2006.04.020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 180YY UT WOS:000247405100019 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Hilton, DJ Ren, L Mittleman, DM Kono, J Reno, JL AF Wang, Xiangfeng Hilton, David J. Ren, Lei Mittleman, Daniel M. Kono, Junichiro Reno, John L. TI Terahertz time-domain magnetospectroscopy of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS AB We have observed cyclotron resonance in a high-mobility GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas by using the techniques of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy combined with magnetic fields. From this, we calculate the real and imaginary parts of the diagonal elements of the magnetoconductivity tenser, which in turn allows us to extract the concentration, effective mass, and scattering time of the electrons in the sample. We demonstrate the utility of ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy, which can recover the true linewidth of cyclotron resonance in a high-mobility (> 10(6) cm(2) V-1 s(-1)) sample without being affected by the saturation effect. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu RI wang, xiangfeng/D-3672-2009; Hilton, David/E-4929-2010 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 13 BP 1845 EP 1847 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001845 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194MK UT WOS:000248348300027 PM 17603589 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS Derevianko, A AF Cohen, James S. Derevianko, Andrei TI Long-range forces between two excited mercury atoms and associative ionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; INTERATOMIC FORCES; VAPOR AB The long-range quadrupole-quadrupole (similar to R-5) and leading dispersion (similar to R-6) interactions between all pairs of excited Hg(6s6p) P-3(0), P-3(1), P-3(2), and P-3(1) atoms are determined. The quadrupole moments are calculated using the ab initio relativistic configuration-interaction method coupled with many-body perturbation theory. The van der Waals coefficients are approximated using previously calculated static polarizabilities and expressions for the dispersion energy that are validated with similar systems. The long-range interactions are critical for associative ionization in thermal and cold collisions, and are found to be quite different for different pairs of interacting states. Based on this knowledge and the short-range parts of previously calculated potential curves, improved estimates of the chemi-ionization cross sections are obtained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Cohen, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cohen@lanl.gov; andrei@unr.edu RI Derevianko, Andrei/G-8356-2011 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012706 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600094 ER PT J AU Hakel, P Mancini, RC Harris, C Neill, P Beiersdorfer, P Csanak, G Zhang, HL AF Hakel, Peter Mancini, Roberto C. Harris, Clifford Neill, Paul Beiersdorfer, Peter Csanak, George Zhang, Hong Lin TI Cascade effects on the polarization of He-like Fe 1s2l-1s(2) x-ray line emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE LINES; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; MAGNETIC SUBLEVELS; SOLAR-FLARES; EXCITATION; IMPACT; SPECTRA; RATES AB We calculate x-ray line polarization degrees for cases with axial symmetry using a collisional-radiative magnetic-sublevel atomic kinetics model and the properties of multipole radiation fields. This approach is well suited for problems where the alignment is determined by the competition between many atomic processes. We benchmark this method against polarization measurements performed at the Livermore electron beam ion trap, and we study the 3-to-2 cascade effects on the polarization of 2-to-1 lines in He-like Fe. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harris, C (reprint author), Gulf Coast Community Coll, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012716 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012716 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600104 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Colgan, J Ballance, CP AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Colgan, J. Ballance, C. P. TI Electron-impact ionization of diatomic molecules using a configuration-average distorted-wave method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION; H-2; SCATTERING; MODEL; N-2 AB Electron-impact ionization cross sections for diatomic molecules are calculated in a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Core bound orbitals for the molecular ion are calculated using a single-configuration self-consistent-field method based on a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. The core bound orbitals are then transformed onto a two-dimensional (r,theta) numerical lattice from which a Hartree potential with local exchange is constructed. The single-particle Schrodinger equation is then solved for the valence bound orbital and continuum distorted-wave orbitals with S-matrix boundary conditions. Total cross section results for H-2 and N-2 are compared with those from semiempirical calculations and experimental measurements. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012714 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600102 ER PT J AU Schmidt, LPH Schoffler, MS Stiebing, KE Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R Afaneh, F Weber, T AF Schmidt, L. Ph. H. Schoeffler, M. S. Stiebing, K. E. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Doerner, R. Afaneh, F. Weber, Th. TI Imaging of continuum states of the He-2(2+) quasimolecule SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SADDLE-POINT ELECTRONS; ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; PROJECTILE-CHARGE DEPENDENCE; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE IONIZATION; MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; HE COLLISIONS; RECOIL-ION; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; IONIZING COLLISIONS AB Using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) we have investigated the production of one free electron in slow He2++He(1s(2)) collisions. At projectile velocities between 0.6 and 1.06 a.u. (9-28 keV/u), the fully differential cross section was measured state selective with respect to the second electron, which is bound either at the target or the projectile. We provide a comprehensive data set comprising state selective total cross section, scattering angle dependent single differential cross sections, and fully differential cross section. We show that the momentum distribution of the electron in the continuum image the relevant molecular orbitals for the reaction channel under consideration. By choosing the bound electron final state at the target or projectile and the impact parameter we can select these orbitals and manipulate their relative phase. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Hashemite Univ, Dept Phys, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmidt, LPH (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max Von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM Schmidt@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012703 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600091 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR AF Zhang, J.-Y. Yan, Z.-C. Vrinceanu, D. Babb, J. F. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Accurate long-range coefficients for two excited like isotope He atoms: He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-1), He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-3), and He(2 P-3)-He(2 P-3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; NP-NP AB A general formalism is used to express the long-range potential energies in inverse powers of the separation distance between two like atomic or molecular systems with P symmetries. The long-range molecular interaction coefficients are calculated for the molecular symmetries Delta, Pi, and Sigma, arising from the following interactions: He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-1), He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-3), and He(2 P-3)-He(2 P-3). The electric quadrupole-quadrupole term C-5, the van der Waals (dispersion) term C-6, and higher-order terms C-8 and C-10 are calculated ab initio using accurate variational wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates with finite nuclear mass effects. A comparison is made with previously published results where available. C1 Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai United Ctr Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012723 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012723 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600111 ER PT J AU Ahn, K Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Ahn, Kyunghan Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Phase relationships, and the structural, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties in the Sm5SixGe4-x pseudobinary system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE EARTH-GERMANIUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SILICON COMPOUNDS; HEAT-CAPACITY; BINARY-SYSTEM; SAMARIUM; ALLOYS; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); SUSCEPTIBILITIES; GD5SI4-GD5GE4 AB The crystallography, phase relationships, and physical properties of the Sm5SixGe4-x alloys with 0 <= x <= 4 have been investigated by using x-ray powder diffraction, dc magnetization, and heat capacity measurements between similar to 3 K and 350 K in magnetic fields ranging from 0 and 10 T. Similar to Gd5SixGe4-x, there are three distinct phase regions in the Sm5SixGe4-x system: the Gd5Si4 type for Si-rich compositions, the Gd5Si2Ge2 type for intermediate range of concentrations, and the Sm5Ge4 type for Ge-rich alloys. The magnetic properties of the Sm5SixGe4-x compounds can be well described by considering the temperature-independent Van Vleck term due to a small energy separation between the ground state and the first excited state of Sm3+ ions. Compared with other light lanthanide R5SixGe4-x, magnetic ordering temperatures of Sm5SixGe4-x compounds are much higher than expected from the de Gennes scaling. The change in the magnetic behaviors with the substitution of Ge by Si is also similar to that observed in the Gd5SixGe4-x system. The external magnetic fields up to 10 T have no effect on the magnetism of the Sm5SixGe4-x alloys. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ahn, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Ahn, Kyunghan/0000-0002-7806-8043 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014415 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900072 ER PT J AU An, JM Franceschetti, A Zunger, A AF An, J. M. Franceschetti, A. Zunger, A. TI Electron and hole addition energies in PbSe quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; IONIZATION; INP AB We calculate electron and hole addition energies of PbSe quantum dots using a pseudopotential configuration-interaction approach. We find that (i) the addition energies are nearly constant for the first eight carriers occupying the S-like shell. (ii) The charging sequence of the first eight carriers is non-Aufbau, but filling of the P-like single-particle states takes place only after the S-like states are filled. (iii) The charging spectrum shows bunching-up of all lines as the dielectric constant epsilon(out) of the material surrounding the dot increases. At the same time, the addition energies are significantly reduced. (iv) The calculated optical gap shows a rather weak dependence on epsilon(out), reflecting a cancellation between electron-hole interaction energies and surface polarization self-energies. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP An, JM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045401 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000095 ER PT J AU Barros, EB Son, H Samsonidze, GG Souza, AG Saito, R Kim, YA Muramatsu, H Hayashi, T Endo, M Kong, J Dresselhaus, MS AF Barros, E. B. Son, H. Samsonidze, Ge. G. Souza Filho, A. G. Saito, R. Kim, Y. A. Muramatsu, H. Hayashi, T. Endo, M. Kong, J. Dresselhaus, M. S. TI Raman spectroscopy of double-walled carbon nanotubes treated with H2SO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; BUCKYPAPER; PURITY AB In this work, we performed a detailed study of the Raman spectra of double-wall carbon nanotube (DWNT) bucky paper samples. The effects of H2SO4 doping on the electronic and vibrational properties of the DWNTs are analyzed and compared to the corresponding effects on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Analysis of the radial breathing mode (RBM) Raman spectra indicates that the resonance condition for the outer wall nanotubes and the SWNTs are almost the same, indicating that the effect of the inner-outer wall interaction on the transition energies of the outer walls is weak compared to the width of the resonance window for the RBM peaks. The effect of H2SO4 on the RBM frequencies of the outer wall of the DWNTs is stronger for larger diameter nanotubes. In the case of the inner walls, only the metallic nanotubes were affected by the acid treatment, while the RBM peaks for the inner semiconducting nanotubes remained almost unchanged in both frequency and intensity. The G(+) band was seen to upshift in frequency with H2SO4 doping for both DWNTs and SWNTs. However, the effect of the acid treatment on the G(-) band frequency for DWNTs was opposite to that of SWNTs in the 2.05-2.15 eV range, for which the acid treatment causes a omega(-)(G) upshift for SWNTs and a downshift for DWNTs. The G(') band line shape of the DWNTs is explained in terms of four contributions from different components which are in resonance with the laser excitation. Two of these peaks are more related to the inner wall nanotube while the other two are more related to the outer wall. C1 Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. CREST, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Shinshu Univ, Fac Engn, Nagano 3808553, Japan. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Barros, EB (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RI Saito, Riichiro/B-1132-2008; Muramatsu, Hiroyuki/B-8800-2011; BARROS, EDUARDO/A-4555-2013; Souza, Antonio/D-8978-2011; Samsonidze, Georgy/G-3613-2016; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; OI Muramatsu, Hiroyuki/0000-0003-0332-6703; Souza, Antonio/0000-0003-3802-1168; Samsonidze, Georgy/0000-0002-3759-1794; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; Barros, Eduardo Bede/0000-0001-9210-9166 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045425 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000119 ER PT J AU Bergmann, U Nordlund, D Wernet, P Odelius, M Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A AF Bergmann, U. Nordlund, D. Wernet, Ph. Odelius, M. Pettersson, L. G. M. Nilsson, A. TI Isotope effects in liquid water probed by x-ray Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; EMPIRICAL-MODEL PREDICTIONS; AB-INITIO; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; CLUSTERS; REARRANGEMENTS; SIMULATION; ENERGETICS AB The isotope effect on the local structure of liquid water at room temperature is studied by x-ray Raman spectroscopy. The difference between the room-temperature spectra of liquid H2O and D2O is compared to the difference spectrum between liquid H2O at 22 and 2 degrees C. The spectral changes between H2O and D2O can partly be attributed to structural changes similar to a temperature change, in agreement with diffraction data. Additionally, we find that isotope substitution affects the local asymmetry in the hydrogen-bonded network: hydrogen-bonding configurations are more asymmetric on the donor side for H2O than for D2O. A cluster model is used to computationally illustrate the spectral changes that arise due to the increased asymmetry, capturing all essential features in the difference spectrum. We infer from our study that quantum effects contribute to the formation of asymmetrical species in the liquid. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Bergmann, U (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Wernet, Philippe/A-7085-2013; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Odelius, Michael/A-7628-2014 OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Wernet, Philippe/0000-0001-7011-9072; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Odelius, Michael/0000-0002-7023-2486 NR 56 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024202 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200038 ER PT J AU Bevan, KH Zahid, F Kienle, D Guo, H AF Bevan, K. H. Zahid, F. Kienle, D. Guo, H. TI First-principles analysis of the STM image heights of styrene on Si(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; ATOMIC MANIPULATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FIRST PRINCIPLES; SURFACE; SILICON; SCALE; C2H4; SIMULATIONS AB We report on theoretical investigations of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM) image heights on Si(100). Calculations are performed using density functional theory (DFT) within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. The nonequilibrium potential drop between Si(100) and a STM tip is determined self-consistently. This potential drop is found to play an important role in the calculated image height characteristics of adsorbed hydrocarbons by lowering the vacuum barrier and shifting molecular levels. Numerical data collected for image heights of styrene against a hydrogen passivated Si(100) background are found to agree quantitatively with the corresponding experimental results. We also present a comparison between results obtained by the NEGF-DFT formalism and the Tersoff-Hamann approximation, showing that nonequilibrium analysis can be important in the study of STM image heights of molecules. C1 Purdue Univ, NSF Network Comp Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bevan, KH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, NSF Network Comp Nanotechnol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kbevan@purdue.edu RI Guo, Hong/A-8084-2010 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045325 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000078 ER PT J AU Bouchard, LS Anwar, MS AF Bouchard, Louis-S. Anwar, M. Sabieh TI Synthesis of matched magnetic fields for controlled spin precession SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EX-SITU NMR; SINGLE-SIDED SENSOR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CONCOMITANT GRADIENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; MRI; PULSES; COILS; ARRAY; TRAP AB The shaping of magnetic fields is important in many areas of physics, including magnet shimming, electromagnetic traps, magnetic domain switching, and controlled spin precession in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We examine the method of target field matching by orthogonal projection and its application to NMR, whereby the phase of nuclear spins in a strongly inhomogeneous field is corrected through stroboscopic ac irradiation using matching fields. Three-dimensional shaping of static and ac fields can restore the spectral resolution by orders of magnitude using simple linear combinations of a small number of independent sources. Results suggest the possibility of substantially pushing the current limits of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in weak and inhomogeneous fields. We also discuss conditions under which concomitant gradient effects are important in high magnetic fields and the geometric-phase errors they introduce during precession in ac fields. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LUMS, Sch Sci & Engn, Lahore 54792, Pakistan. RP Bouchard, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh/0000-0001-5039-8828 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014430 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900087 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, U Shi, M Kaminski, A Kanigel, A Fretwell, HM Terashima, K Takahashi, T Rosenkranz, S Li, ZZ Raffy, H Santander-Syro, A Kadowaki, K Randeria, M Norman, MR Campuzano, JC AF Chatterjee, U. Shi, M. Kaminski, A. Kanigel, A. Fretwell, H. M. Terashima, K. Takahashi, T. Rosenkranz, S. Li, Z. Z. Raffy, H. Santander-Syro, A. Kadowaki, K. Randeria, M. Norman, M. R. Campuzano, J. C. TI Anomalous dispersion in the autocorrelation of angle-resolved photoemission spectra of high-temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATE AB We find that peaks in the autocorrelation of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the superconducting state show dispersive behavior for binding energies smaller than the maximum superconducting energy gap. For higher energies, though, a striking anomalous dispersion is observed that is a consequence of the interaction of the electrons with collective excitations. In contrast, in the pseudogap phase, we only observe dispersionless behavior for the autocorrelation peaks. The implications of our findings in regard to Fourier transformed scanning tunneling spectroscopy data are discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3053573, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chatterjee, U (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Santander-Syro, Andres/D-7017-2012; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; Terashima, Kensei/C-2801-2015 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; Santander-Syro, Andres/0000-0003-3966-2485; NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.012504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900022 ER PT J AU Claus, H Ma, B Paulikas, AP Nikolova, R Veal, BW Jia, QX Welp, U Gray, KE AF Claus, H. Ma, Beihai Paulikas, A. P. Nikolova, R. Veal, B. W. Jia, Q. X. Welp, U. Gray, K. E. TI Critical current of grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3Ox bicrystal films as a function of oxygen concentration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THICK-FILMS; YBCO FILMS; DENSITY; DEPENDENCE; DEPOSITION; TAPES AB The effect of oxygen doping on the critical current density J(C) across [001] tilt grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3Ox thin films, epitaxially grown on bicrystal substrates, is investigated. Grain boundary misorientations were varied between 0 degrees and 24 degrees. It is observed that for 24 degrees grain boundaries, the critical current enhancement due to oxygen overdoping can be as large as a factor of 10 when compared to J(C) at optimal doping (where T-C is maximum). This oxygen-induced enhancement of the grain boundary J(C) is similar to that observed with optimized Ca doping. For 15 degrees and 10 degrees grain boundaries, the relative enhancement due to oxygen doping is smaller than that of the 24 degrees grain boundary. It is observed that the grain boundaries often degrade after repeated oxygen treatments, most likely because of chemical contamination. Much larger enhancements in the grain boundary critical current densities might be achievable with heavy oxygen doping if this competing degradation could be avoided. The critical current is determined using a contact-free magnetic method which measures the maximum current that can be induced by an external field in a ring sample. For a 24 degrees grain boundary, we demonstrate that the critical current determined by the magnetization method is in excellent agreement with J(C) obtained from transport measurements. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Claus, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014529 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014529 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900127 ER PT J AU Di Matteo, S Norman, MR AF Di Matteo, S. Norman, M. R. TI X-ray dichroism and the pseudogap phase of cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NATURAL CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; HIGH-T-C; COPPER-OXIDE METALS; INCOMMENSURATE MODULATION; SUPERCONDUCTOR; CRYSTALS; BI2SR2CACU2O8; SYMMETRY AB A recent polarized x-ray absorption experiment on the high-temperature cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x indicates the presence of broken parity symmetry below the temperature T-*, where a pseudogap appears in photoemission. We critically analyze the x-ray data and conclude that a parity-breaking signal of the kind suggested is unlikely based on the crystal structures reported in the literature. Possible other origins of the observed dichroism signal are discussed. We propose x-ray scattering experiments that can be done in order to determine whether such alternative interpretations are valid or not. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6627, PALMS,Equipe Phys Surfaces & Interfaces, F-35042 Rennes, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Di Matteo, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Via E Fermi 40,CP 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014510 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900108 ER PT J AU Dobrich, KM Bihlmayer, G Starke, K Prieto, JE Rossnagel, K Koh, H Rotenberg, E Bluegel, S Kaindl, G AF Doebrich, K. M. Bihlmayer, G. Starke, K. Prieto, J. E. Rossnagel, K. Koh, H. Rotenberg, E. Bluegel, S. Kaindl, G. TI Electronic band structure and Fermi surface of ferromagnetic Tb: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY RARE-EARTHS; PLANE-WAVE METHOD; LANTHANIDE METALS; PHOTOEMISSION; GD; GD(0001); TERBIUM; SYSTEMS; STATES; GADOLINIUM AB We have investigated the bulk valence-band structure of Tb metal in the ferromagnetic phase by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and full-potential-linearized-augmented-plane-wave calculations. The experiments were performed at undulator beamline 7.0.1 of the Advanced Light Source using a three-axis rotatable low-temperature goniometer and a display-type photoelectron spectrometer that give access to a large region of momentum space. The results of our calculations, which make use of recent progress in the theoretical description of the magnetic properties of 4f metals, are in remarkably good agreement with experiment. This can be best seen from a comparison of the electronic structure in high-symmetry directions, at critical points, on Fermi contours, and at band crossings with the Fermi level. To our knowledge, the present work represents the most detailed combined experimental and theoretical study of the electronic structure of a magnetic lanthanide metal to date. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dobrich, KM (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM doebrich@physik.fu-berlin.de RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Bihlmayer, Gustav/G-5279-2013; Blugel, Stefan/J-8323-2013; Prieto, Jose Emilio/L-3120-2013 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Bihlmayer, Gustav/0000-0002-6615-1122; Blugel, Stefan/0000-0001-9987-4733; Prieto, Jose Emilio/0000-0003-2092-6364 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035123 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800056 ER PT J AU Egami, T Poon, SJ Zhang, Z Keppens, V AF Egami, T. Poon, S. J. Zhang, Z. Keppens, V. TI Glass transition in metallic glasses: A microscopic model of topological fluctuations in the bonding network SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; PACKING; SPHERES AB Understanding of the structure and dynamics of liquids and glasses at an atomistic level lags well behind that of crystalline materials, even though they are important in many fields. Metallic liquids and glasses provide an opportunity to make significant advances because of its relative simplicity. We propose a microscopic model based on the concept of topological fluctuations in the bonding network. The predicted glass transition temperature, T-g, shows excellent agreement with experimental observations in metallic glasses. To our knowledge this is the first model to predict the glass transition temperature quantitatively from measurable macroscopic variables. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024203 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200039 ER PT J AU Fransson, J AF Fransson, J. TI Detection of exchange interaction in STM measurements through Fano-like interference effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MOLECULE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-DOT; CHARGE; ADSORBATES; JUNCTIONS; SURFACES AB We address Fano-like interference effects [Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)] in scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of nanoscale systems, e.g., two-level systems. Common to these systems is that second order tunneling contributions give rise to interference effects that cause suppressed transmission through the system for certain energies. The suppressed transmission is measurable either in the differential conductance or in the bias voltage derivative thereof. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fransson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkfransson@gmail.com RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045416 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000110 ER PT J AU Galstyan, E Xue, Y Iliev, M Sun, Y Chu, CW AF Galstyan, Eduard Xue, Yuyi Iliev, Milko Sun, Yanyi Chu, Ching-Wu TI Origin of the superconductivity in the Y-Sr-Ru-O and Y-Sr-Cu-O systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS; RUSR2GDCU2O8; SPECTROSCOPY; PEROVSKITE; YSR2CU3OY; CRYSTAL AB We report on the structural, magnetic, and Raman-scattering studies of double-perovskite structure Sr2YRu1-xCuxO6-delta systems made by systematic synthesis processes with various numbers of doping concentrations and sintering temperatures. We observed different behaviors resulting from the different thermal treatments. In particular, superconductivity in Cu-doped Sr2YRuO6 has been observed only for partially melted ceramic materials. We show that superconductivity is associated with the 1:2:3 phase (YSr2Cu3Ot), similar to that of Y-Sr-Cu-O samples sintered at high temperature. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys & Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Galstyan, E (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys & Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900099 ER PT J AU Grechnev, A Di Marco, I Katsnelson, MI Lichtenstein, AI Wills, J Eriksson, O AF Grechnev, Alexei Di Marco, I. Katsnelson, M. I. Lichtenstein, A. I. Wills, John Eriksson, Olle TI Theory of bulk and surface quasiparticle spectra for Fe, Co, and Ni SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; CORRELATED SYSTEMS; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; LDA++ APPROACH; TRANSITION; METALS AB The correlated quasiparticle band structure of iron, cobalt, and nickel is investigated within the dynamical mean-field theory formalism using the recently developed full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital-based local-density approximation plus dynamical mean-field theory (LDA+DMFT) code. Detailed analysis of the calculated electron self-energy, density of states, and the spectral density is presented for these metals. It has been found that all these elements show strong correlation effects for majority-spin electrons, such as strong damping of quasiparticles and formation of a satellite state below the bottom of d bands. In particular, our work clearly predicts the existence of a photoemission satellite for bcc iron. The LDA+DMFT data for fcc nickel and cobalt (111) surfaces and bcc iron (001) surface are also presented. The electron self-energy is found to depend strongly on the number of nearest neighbors, and it practically reaches the bulk value already in the second layer from the surface. The dependence of correlation effects on the dimensionality of the problem is also discussed. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Grechnev, A (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Di Marco, Igor/O-5190-2014; Lichtenstein, Alexander/K-8730-2012 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Di Marco, Igor/0000-0003-1714-0942; Lichtenstein, Alexander/0000-0003-0152-7122 NR 36 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035107 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800040 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, M. B. TI Entropy and entanglement in quantum ground states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We consider the relationship between correlations and entanglement in gapped quantum systems, with application to matrix product state representations. We prove that there exist gapped one-dimensional local Hamiltonians such that the entropy is exponentially large in the correlation length, and we present strong evidence supporting a conjecture that there exist such systems with arbitrarily large entropy. However, we then show, under an assumption on the density of states which is believed to be satisfied by many physical systems such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, that an efficient matrix product state representation of the ground state exists in any dimension. Finally, we comment on the implications for numerical simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035114 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800047 ER PT J AU He, C Torija, MA Wu, J Lynn, JW Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF He, C. Torija, M. A. Wu, J. Lynn, J. W. Zheng, H. Mitchell, J. F. Leighton, C. TI Non-Griffiths-like clustered phase above the Curie temperature of the doped perovskite cobaltite La1-xSrxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC POLARONS; SEPARATION; TRANSITION AB The existence of preformed clusters above the Curie temperature of the doped perovskite manganites is well established and, in many cases, conforms to the expectations for a Griffiths phase. We show here that the canonical perovskite cobaltite (La1-xSrxCoO3) also exhibits a clustered state above the Curie point in the ferromagnetic phase. The formation of magnetic clusters at a well-defined temperature (T-*) is revealed in the small-angle neutron scattering and dc susceptibility. Remarkably, the characteristics of this clustered state appear quite unlike those of a Griffiths phase; the deviation from Curie-Weiss behavior is opposite to expectations and is field independent, while T-* does not correspond to the undiluted Curie temperature. These results demonstrate that, although the Griffiths model may apply to many systems with quenched disorder, it is not universally applicable to randomly doped transition metal oxides. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu NR 33 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900058 ER PT J AU He, LX Bester, G Su, ZQ Zunger, A AF He, Lixin Bester, Gabriel Su, Zhiqiang Zunger, Alex TI Calculation of near-field scanning optical images of exciton, charged-exciton, and multiexciton wave functions in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; NANOSTRUCTURES; GAAS AB The near-field scanning optical microscopy images of excitonic wave functions in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots are calculated using an empirical pseudopotential method, followed by the configuration interaction treatment of many-particle effects. We show the wave functions of neutral exciton X-0 of different polarizations and compare them to those of the biexciton XX0 and the charged excitons X+ and X-. We further show that the exciton X(P-h -> S-e) transition which is forbidden in the far-field photoluminescence has intensities comparable to those of X(S-h -> S-e) transition in the near-field photoluminescence. C1 Univ Sci & Technol China, Lab Quantum Informat, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP He, LX (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Lab Quantum Informat, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035313 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800088 ER PT J AU Hupalo, M Chan, TL Wang, CZ Ho, KM Tringides, MC AF Hupalo, M. Chan, T.-L. Wang, C. Z. Ho, K.-M. Tringides, M. C. TI Interplay between indirect interaction and charge-density wave in Pb-adsorbed In(4x1)-Si(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SURFACE; SPIN AB The response of the electronic structure of the quasi-one-dimensional In(4x1)-Si(111) surface to the adsorption of Pb atoms is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. Instead of a period of even multiples of the underlying In lattice spacing a along the In wire, as favored by the low temperature charge-density wave (CDW) modulation, the Pb adatoms are frequently found to occupy the odd adsorption sites separated by a distance 3a or 5a. These observations indicate a strong antiphase interference between the indirect interaction of adsorbed Pb atoms and the intrinsic CDW of the In(4x1)-Si(111) surface. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hupalo, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hupalo@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045415 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000109 ER PT J AU Kavich, JJ Warusawithana, MP Freeland, JW Ryan, P Zhai, X Kodama, RH Eckstein, JN AF Kavich, J. J. Warusawithana, M. P. Freeland, J. W. Ryan, P. Zhai, X. Kodama, R. H. Eckstein, J. N. TI Nanoscale suppression of magnetization at atomically assembled manganite interfaces: XMCD and XRMS measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SPIN POLARIZATION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; LA0.7SR0.3MNO3; SURFACE; OXIDES; IRON AB Using circularly polarized x rays, we compare the electronic and magnetic properties of a La2/3Sr1/3MnO3(LSMO)/SrTiO3(STO) and a modified LSMO/LaMnO3(LMO)/STO interface. Using the technique of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, we can probe the interfaces of complicated layered structures and quantitatively model depth-dependent magnetic profiles as a function of distance from the interface. Comparisons of the average electronic and magnetic properties at the interface are made independently using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XAS and the XMCD demonstrate that the electronic and magnetic structure of the LMO layer at the modified interface is qualitatively equivalent to the underlying LSMO film. From the temperature dependence of the XMCD, it is found that the near-surface magnetization for both interfaces falls off faster than the bulk magnetization. For all temperatures in the range of 50-300 K, the magnetic profiles for both systems always show a ferromagnetic component at the interface with a significantly suppressed magnetization that evolves to the bulk value over a length scale of similar to 1.6-2.4 nm. The LSMO/LMO/STO interface shows a larger ferromagnetic moment than the LSMO/STO interface; however, the difference is only substantial at low temperature. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kavich, JJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014410 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900067 ER PT J AU Kravtsov, E Brucas, R Hjorvarsson, B Hoser, A Liebig, A McIntyre, GJ Milyaev, MA Nefedov, A Paolasini, L Radu, F Remhof, A Ustinov, VV Yakhou, F Zabel, H AF Kravtsov, E. Brucas, R. Hjoervarsson, B. Hoser, A. Liebig, A. McIntyre, G. J. Milyaev, M. A. Nefedov, A. Paolasini, L. Radu, F. Remhof, A. Ustinov, V. V. Yakhou, F. Zabel, H. TI Onset of spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in Cr/V multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SN-119 MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL CR(001) FILMS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; THIN-FILMS; NEEL TRANSITION; LAYERS; MAGNETISM AB Spin-density-wave (SDW) magnetism in a series of Cr/V heterostructures with different Cr thicknesses was systematically investigated by combined resistivity, neutron, and synchrotron scattering measurements. We show that the onset of the bulklike SDW state comes through several necessary steps from a paramagnetic state through a commensurate SDW to an incommensurate SDW. The Neel temperature for the incommensurate SDW is found to scale with Cr thickness and reaches the bulk value at a Cr thickness of about 2000 angstrom. The proximity effect from Cr/V interfaces is found to lead to (i) the appearance of a 50-angstrom magnetically dead Cr layer near Cr/V interfaces and (ii) suppression of the spin-flip transition and stabilization of a single-domain SDW with out-of-plane spins and out-of-plane propagation wave vector. Finally, we show that the SDW period increases with decreasing Cr thickness and becomes temperature independent in sufficiently thin Cr layers. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Experimentalphys Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Kristallog, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Kravtsov, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Radu, Florin/B-6725-2011; Liebig, Andreas/E-5249-2011; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009; Kravtsov, Evgeny/J-3593-2013; Milyaev, Mikhail/J-8070-2013; Ustinov, Vladimir/G-7501-2011; OI Radu, Florin/0000-0003-0284-7937; Kravtsov, Evgeny/0000-0002-5663-5692; Milyaev, Mikhail/0000-0001-7828-3571; Ustinov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5155-7947; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/0000-0003-1803-9467 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024421 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200075 ER PT J AU Lipp, MJ Klepeis, JP Baer, BJ Cynn, H Evans, WJ Iota, V Yoo, CS AF Lipp, M. J. Klepeis, J. Park Baer, B. J. Cynn, H. Evans, W. J. Iota, V. Yoo, C.-S. TI Transformation of molecular nitrogen to nonmolecular phases at megabar pressures by direct laser heating SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GPA; TEMPERATURES AB Direct laser heating of molecular N(2) to above 1400 K at 120-130 GPa results in the formation of a reddish amorphous phase and a transparent crystalline solid above 2000 K. Raman and x-ray data confirm that the transparent phase is cubic-gauche nitrogen (cg-N), while the amorphous phase could be an extension of the already known eta phase. The reddish color of the amorphous phase, however, might also indicate the presence of N=N bonds. The quenched amorphous phase is stable down to at least 70 GPa, analogous to cg-N. A chemophysical phase diagram is presented which emphasizes the difference between pressure- and temperature-induced transitions from molecular to nonmolecular solids, as found in other low Z systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lipp, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014113 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900036 ER PT J AU Lynn, JW Argyriou, DN Ren, Y Chen, Y Mukovskii, YM Shulyatev, DA AF Lynn, J. W. Argyriou, D. N. Ren, Y. Chen, Y. Mukovskii, Y. M. Shulyatev, D. A. TI Order and dynamics of intrinsic nanoscale inhomogeneities in manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDE LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC ORDER; SPIN DYNAMICS; T-C; TRANSITION; PHASE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; LA1-XCAXMNO3; TEMPERATURE AB Neutron elastic, inelastic, and high-energy x-ray scattering techniques are used to explore the nature of the polaron order and dynamics in the colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) system La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Polaron correlations are known to develop within a narrow temperature regime as the Curie temperature is approached from low temperatures, with a nanoscale correlation length that is only weakly temperature dependent. The static nature of these short-range polaron correlations indicates the presence of a glasslike state, very similar to the observations for the bilayer manganite in the metallic-ferromagnetic doping region. In addition to this elastic component, inelastic scattering measurements reveal dynamic correlations with a comparable correlation length and with an energy distribution that is quasielastic. The elastic component disappears at a higher temperature T-*, above which the correlations are purely dynamic. These observations are identical to the polaron dynamics found in the bilayer manganite system in the CMR regime, demonstrating that they are a general phenomenon in the manganites. C1 NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Sci Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Moscow State Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012; Shulyatev, Dmitry/M-7278-2014 OI Shulyatev, Dmitry/0000-0002-7642-0277 NR 49 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014437 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900094 ER PT J AU McQueen, T Huang, Q Lynn, JW Berger, RF Klimczuk, T Ueland, BG Schiffer, P Cava, RJ AF McQueen, T. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Berger, R. F. Klimczuk, T. Ueland, B. G. Schiffer, P. Cava, R. J. TI Magnetic structure and properties of the S=5/2 triangular antiferromagnet alpha-NaFeO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUCCESSIVE PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALS AB The magnetic properties of alpha-NaFeO2 are studied by neutron-diffraction and magnetization measurements. An ordered phase with spins aligned along the b(hex) axis exists at low temperatures (T < 4 K). At intermediate temperatures (4 K < T < 11 K), the system passes through an incommensurate ordered phase before transforming into a short-range-ordered state at higher temperatures that persists up to at least 50 K. Although the short-range ordering does not persist to room temperature according to neutron diffraction, the magnetic susceptibility does not follow the Curie-Weiss behavior, even up to 320 K. This rich magnetic behavior can be understood qualitatively as a competition between different magnetic exchange interactions that are similar in magnitude. The delicate balance between these interactions makes alpha-NaFeO2 a candidate for more detailed theoretical work to understand magnetic behavior in frustrated magnetic systems. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McQueen, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024420 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200074 ER PT J AU Merkulov, IA Merkulov, VI Melechko, AV Klein, KL Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Merkulov, I. A. Merkulov, V. I. Melechko, A. V. Klein, K. L. Lowndes, D. H. Simpson, M. L. TI Model of carbon nanofiber internal structure formation and instability of catalytic growth interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; NANOTUBES; DECOMPOSITION; NUCLEATION; ACETYLENE; NANOWIRES; FORCE AB It is well known that the internal structure determines the properties of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. However, a fundamental understanding of the processes that drive structure formation is missing, hindering the development of controlled synthesis strategies. Here we use theoretical calculations to explore the time evolution of the shape of the interface between the catalyst nanoparticle and its associated graphitic nanofiber at the initial stages of growth. This phenomenological description of the behavior of the catalyst nanoparticle-graphite interface constructed with model parameters provides new understanding of the mechanisms that control the internal structure of carbon nanofibers. We show that if the magnitude of the interface curvature exceeds a critical value kappa(crit), the interface loses stability and a cavity forms in the center of the nanofiber. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Merkulov, IA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014109 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900032 ER PT J AU Mo, H Kewalramani, S Evmenenko, G Kim, K Ehrlich, SN Dutta, P AF Mo, Haiding Kewalramani, Sumit Evmenenko, Guennadi Kim, Kyungil Ehrlich, Steven N. Dutta, Pulak TI Temperature dependence of surface layering in a dielectric liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; CAPILLARY WAVES; DENSITY PROFILE; NORMAL-ALKANES; FILMS; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING; CRYSTAL; GALLIUM; TENSION AB The temperature dependence of the density oscillations (layers) at the free surface of tetrakis(2-ethylhexoxy)silane, a nonmetallic molecular liquid, was investigated using x-ray reflectivity. Below similar to 215 K, the layer parameters weakly vary with temperature, if at all. Above this temperature, the layer spacings and intrinsic layer widths increase continuously, until there is no identifiable layering above 230 K. This transition occurs at T/T-c approximate to 0.23, a temperature region that is usually accessible in metallic liquids but is preempted by freezing in many dielectric liquids. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Mo, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024206 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200042 ER PT J AU Montoncello, F Giovannini, L Nizzoli, F Vavassori, P Grimsditch, M Ono, T Gubbiotti, G Tacchi, S Carlotti, G AF Montoncello, F. Giovannini, L. Nizzoli, F. Vavassori, P. Grimsditch, M. Ono, T. Gubbiotti, G. Tacchi, S. Carlotti, G. TI Soft spin waves and magnetization reversal in elliptical Permalloy nanodots: Experiments and dynamical matrix results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of magnetization reversal in Permalloy elliptical nanodots under the application of a varying (quasistatic) magnetic field directed along the hard (short) and easy (long) axes of the ellipses. The magnetic response of the particles is investigated with the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) and Brillouin scattering (BLS). Experimental MOKE results are reproduced by micromagnetic simulations. The spectrum of the normal modes, calculated with the dynamical matrix method, reproduces the BLS results. We find that when an abrupt magnetization switching occurs it is accompanied by a soft magnetic mode (different in the two cases), the symmetry of which determines the initial steps (onset) of the microscopic reversal path. C1 Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. CNR S3, INFM, Res Ctr, I-44100 Modena, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, CNISM, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Montoncello, F (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, Via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024426 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200080 ER PT J AU Nikiforov, MP Isakovic, AF Bonnell, DA AF Nikiforov, Maxim P. Isakovic, Abdel F. Bonnell, Dawn A. TI Atomic structure and charge-density waves of blue bronze K0.3MoO3 (20(1)over-bar) by variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT RESPONSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NBSE3; K0.30MOO3; RB0.3MOO3; SURFACE AB Blue bronze (K0.3MoO3) has been the focus of a number of scattering, transport, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and theoretical studies that have provided insight into the relation between atomic structure and charge-density wave (CDW) formation. However, the full extent of a relation of the CDWs to the atomic lattice and the microscopic origin of CDW pinning are still not completely resolved. In this study STM is used to distinguish the atomic structure and CDWs at the (20 (1) over bar) surface. Within the STM's spatial resolution, the CDWs are incommensurate with the lattice at midrange temperatures and approach commensurability at low temperatures. Incommensurate CDWs are present on the surface and the degree of the incommensurability between blue bronze lattice and CDW lattice agree well with those determined from bulk scattering techniques. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nikiforov, MP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Isakovic, Abdel/A-7430-2009; Nikiforov, Maxim/C-1965-2012 OI Isakovic, Abdel/0000-0003-1779-4209; NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.033104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800004 ER PT J AU Nirmala, R Mudryk, Y Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Nirmala, R. Mudryk, Ya. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Unusual magnetism of Er0.75Dy0.25Al2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EARTH; QUADRUPOLAR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; FIELD; SPIN; RAL2 AB dc magnetization, ac magnetic susceptibility, magnetic relaxation, electrical resistivity and x-ray powder-diffraction studies of Er0.75Dy0.25Al2 compound have been carried out in the temperature range of 5-300 K. The compound orders ferromagnetically at similar to 25 K, followed by another transition at similar to 10 K. This transition at 10 K is marked by a significant hysteresis in low applied fields in zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization data. The saturation magnetic moment is 8.24 mu(B)/R3+ at 2 K in a 70 kOe field, indicating the presence of strong crystalline electric fields. A signature of weak glassy behavior is observed below 25 K in frequency dependent ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. This observation is attributed to competing single-ion anisotropies of Dy3+ and Er3+ ions that are statistically distributed in the lattice, thus creating large positional entropy. The paramagnetic phase of this compound includes a narrow region of Griffiths-phase-like behavior, signified by the presence of short-range ferromagnetic correlations. A long-time logarithmic relaxation of magnetization has been observed in the ferromagnetically ordered state. The electrical resistivity shows a slope change near 25 K and also a drop at 10 K. The electrical resistivity in the ferromagnetic state follows T-2 law, indicating the dominant role of magnon scattering. The magnetoresistance is similar to 13% at 25 K in a 30 kOe field. The role of quadrupolar interactions and magnetoelastic coupling in producing a possible structural distortion at 10 K has been considered and x-ray-diffraction studies were carried out down to 5 K. No structural change has been detected at 10 K, and hence the quadrupolar coupling between the rare-earth ions via the lattice should be weak, whereas direct higher-order Coulombic interactions may prevail. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014407 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900064 ER PT J AU Nussinov, Z Balatsky, AV Graf, MJ Trugman, SA AF Nussinov, Z. Balatsky, A. V. Graf, M. J. Trugman, S. A. TI Origin of the decrease in the torsional-oscillator period of solid He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NONCLASSICAL ROTATIONAL INERTIA; SUPERSOLID HELIUM; SUPERFLUIDITY; CRYSTALS; PHYSICS AB A decrease in the rotational period observed in torsional oscillator measurements was recently taken as a possible indication of a putative supersolid state of helium. We reexamine this interpretation and note that the decrease in the rotation period is also consistent with a solidification of a small liquidlike component into a low-temperature glass. Such a solidification may occur by a low-temperature quench of topological defects (e.g., grain boundaries or dislocations) which we examined in an earlier work. The low-temperature glass can account for not only a monotonic decrease in the rotation period as the temperature is lowered but also explains the peak in the dissipation occurring near the transition point. Unlike the nonclassical rotational inertia scenario, which depends on the supersolid fraction, the dependence of the rotational period on external parameters, e.g., the oscillator velocity, provides an alternate interpretation of the oscillator experiments. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nussinov, Z (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63160 USA. NR 35 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014530 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900128 ER PT J AU Okamoto, S AF Okamoto, Satoshi TI Nonequilibrium transport and optical properties of model metal - Mott-insulator - metal heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OF-MOTION APPROACH; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; HUBBARD-MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INTERFACE; SUPERLATTICES; MODULATION; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB Electronic properties of heterostructures in which a finite number of Mott-insulator layers are sandwiched by semi-infinite metallic leads are investigated by using the dynamical-mean-field method combined with the Keldysh Green's function technique to account for the finite bias voltage between the leads. Current across the junction is computed as a function of bias voltage. Electron spectral functions in the interacting region are shown to evolve by an applied bias voltage. This effect is measurable by photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Further predictions are made for the optical conductivity under a bias voltage as a possible tool to detect a deformed density of states. A general discussion of correlated-electron based heterostructures and future prospect is given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Okamoto, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Okamoto, Satoshi/G-5390-2011 OI Okamoto, Satoshi/0000-0002-0493-7568 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035105 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800038 ER PT J AU Patel, U Xiao, ZL Hua, J Xu, T Rosenmann, D Novosad, V Pearson, J Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Patel, U. Xiao, Z. L. Hua, J. Xu, T. Rosenmann, D. Novosad, V. Pearson, J. Welp, U. Kwok, W. K. Crabtree, G. W. TI Origin of the matching effect in a superconducting film with a hole array SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NB THIN-FILMS; ARTIFICIAL DEFECTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; REGULAR ARRAYS; LATTICE; STATES; SIZE AB We investigate the origin of the matching effect observed in superconducting Nb films containing regular arrays of holes near the zero-field critical temperature. We find "dips" in the resistance vs magnetic field curves at matching fields where the magnitude of the magnetic flux threading each unit cell is an integer number of the flux quantum. By comparing the magnetic field dependences of the resistance and critical temperature in perpendicular and parallel magnetic field directions, we find that the matching effect in Nb films containing triangular hole arrays originates from hole-induced suppression of the critical temperature rather than the widely assumed flux pinning enhancement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Xiao, ZL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Patel, Umeshkumar/A-8643-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 OI Patel, Umeshkumar/0000-0002-8259-1646; NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 020508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.020508 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200016 ER PT J AU Peng, HB Chang, CW Aloni, S Yuzvinsky, TD Zettl, A AF Peng, H. B. Chang, C. W. Aloni, S. Yuzvinsky, T. D. Zettl, A. TI Microwave electromechanical resonator consisting of clamped carbon nanotubes in an abacus arrangement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BEAM RESONATORS AB We describe nanoscale electromechanical resonators capable of operating in ambient-pressure air at room temperature with unprecedented fundamental resonance frequency of similar to 4 GHz. The devices are created from suspended carbon nanotubes loaded abacus style with inertial metal clamps, yielding short effective beam lengths. We examine the energy dissipation in the system due to air damping and contact loss. Such nanoabacus resonators open windows for immediate practical microwave frequency nanoelectromechanical system applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peng, HB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Peng, Haibing/G-1273-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Peng, Haibing/0000-0002-9470-9736; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Yuzvinsky, Thomas/0000-0001-5708-2877 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035405 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800125 ER PT J AU Pradhan, SK Gateshki, M Niederberger, M Ren, Y Petkov, V AF Pradhan, Swapan Kumar Gateshki, Milen Niederberger, Markus Ren, Yang Petkov, Valeri TI PbZr1-xTixO3 by soft synthesis: Structural aspects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ZIRCONATE-TITANATE NANOPARTICLES; MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; WET-CHEMICAL ROUTE; LEAD-ZIRCONATE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB The structural aspects of a soft synthetic route employed to obtain fine crystallite PbZr1-xTixO3 (x=0,0.5,1) powders are revealed by total x-ray diffraction and atomic pair distribution function analysis. It is found that the atomic-scale structure of the intermediate, highly disordered phase the route passes through resembles but is not exactly of the targeted, perovskite-type structure. It is suggested that future synthesis efforts are directed toward closing the observed "structure gap" as much as possible. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany. ETH, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pradhan, SK (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RI Niederberger, Markus/A-6144-2008; OI Niederberger, Markus/0000-0001-6058-1183; Pradhan, Swapan Kumar/0000-0002-0774-872X NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014114 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900037 ER PT J AU Prasankumar, RP Zvyagin, S Kamenev, KV Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM Taylor, PAJ Averitt, RD AF Prasankumar, R. P. Zvyagin, S. Kamenev, K. V. Balakrishnan, G. Paul, D. Mck. Taylor, Paul A. J. Averitt, R. D. TI Phase inhomogeneities in the charge-orbital-ordered manganite Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 revealed through polaron dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE MANGANITE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SCATTERING; STATE AB Ultrafast midinfrared spectroscopy is used to probe dynamics in the intermediate bandwidth manganite Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3. In the majority paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, the early time dynamics are consistent with the excitation and subsequent redressing of uncorrelated lattice polarons, with longer time dynamics related to spin-lattice thermalization. These polaron excitations reveal the intrinsically inhomogeneous nature of these phases. At lower temperatures we observe ultrafast melting of charge-orbital order, liberating quasiparticles that subsequently relax into bound polaronic states on a subpicosecond time scale. The temperature-dependent amplitude of the polaron excitations scales with the volume fraction of the CE phase. Thus, polaron dynamics, as measured using ultrafast spectroscopy, serve as a sensitive probe of phase inhomogeneity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Dresden, Dresden High Magnet Field Lab HLD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014; Balakrishnan, Geetha/P-5977-2016 OI Balakrishnan, Geetha/0000-0002-5890-1149 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 020402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.020402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200006 ER PT J AU Prodan, ID Scuseria, GE Martin, RL AF Prodan, Ionut D. Scuseria, Gustavo E. Martin, Richard L. TI Covalency in the actinide dioxides: Systematic study of the electronic properties using screened hybrid density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PLUTONIUM; OXIDES; TRANSITION; METALS; CURIUM; ENERGY; PUO2 AB We present the first systematic study of the electronic properties of the AnO(2) series, An=Th-Es, using screened hybrid density functional theory. In contrast to local or semilocal functionals, this approach has been demonstrated to capture the strong electron correlation and localized Mott-insulating behavior observed in early dioxides such as UO2. One might expect later members of the series to show even more localized character as the f orbital radial extent decreases with increasing Z. However, we find two interesting features in the calculations: a 5f-O 2p orbital energy degeneracy, which leads to significant orbital mixing and covalency in the intermediate region (PuO2-CmO2), and a strong Hund's rule exchange opposing spin-orbit coupling, which yields an unexpected ground state in CmO2. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Shell Int Explorat & Prod, Houston, TX 77025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prodan, ID (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Scuseria, Gustavo/F-6508-2011 NR 45 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.033101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800001 ER PT J AU Raebiger, H Lany, S Zunger, A AF Raebiger, Hannes Lany, Stephan Zunger, Alex TI Origins of the p-type nature and cation deficiency in Cu2O and related materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CUPROUS-OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FILMS AB While most of crystalline wide gap oxides are both stoichiometric and insulating, a handful of them including ZnO and In2O3 are naturally anion-deficient and electron conductors. Even fewer of the oxides are naturally cation-deficient and hole conductors, the arch-type of which is Cu2O. Based on first principles calculation of equilibrium nonstoichiometry and defect stability, we explain why the Cu-(I)(d(10)) oxide-based materials are both p-type and naturally cation-deficient, and why cation vacancies lead to delocalized, conductive states, whereas in other oxides (e.g., ZnO and MgO), they lead to localized, nonconductive states. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Raebiger, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Raebiger, Hannes/D-1881-2013; OI Raebiger, Hannes/0000-0003-3969-9165; Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 NR 27 TC 200 Z9 206 U1 8 U2 115 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045209 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000041 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN Lupini, AR Overbury, SH Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Rashkeev, Sergey N. Lupini, Andrew R. Overbury, Steven H. Pennycook, Stephen J. Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Role of the nanoscale in catalytic CO oxidation by supported Au and Pt nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; AU/TIO2; TIO2; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; PLATINUM AB Experiments have found that the catalytic activity of Au increases sharply for supported nanoparticles smaller than 5 nm, while Pt exhibits the opposite behavior. Several authors, seeking to explain the nanoscale Au activity, reached conflicting conclusions, attributing it to different nanoscale features or to a particular bilayer structure that is independent of size. Here, we report an extensive theoretical study of a large ensemble of TiO2-supported Au and Pt nanoparticles and show that several nanoscale features collectively result in the observed contrasting behavior. Low coordination is accompanied by bond weakening in Au and strengthening in Pt, while perimeter sites are active only for Au. Though there are orbital-occupancy differences for catalytically active and inactive configurations, there is insignificant variation in physical-charge transfer. Finally, we report atomically resolved Z-contrast images that confirm bond weakening in catalytically active TiO2-supported Au nanoparticles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961 NR 41 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035438 DI 10.1103/physRevB.76.035438 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800158 ER PT J AU Refael, G Moore, JE AF Refael, G. Moore, J. E. TI Entanglement entropy of the random s=1 Heisenberg chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; SPIN CHAINS AB Random spin chains at quantum critical points exhibit an entanglement entropy between a segment of length L and the rest of the chain that scales as log(2) L with a universal coefficient. Since for pure quantum critical spin chains this coefficient is fixed by the central charge of the associated conformal field theory, the universal coefficient in the random case can be understood as an effective central charge. In this paper we calculate the entanglement entropy and effective central charge of the spin-1 random Heisenberg model in its random-singlet phase and also at the critical point at which the Haldane phase breaks down. The latter is the first entanglement calculation for an infinite-randomness fixed point that is not in the random-singlet universality class. Our results are consistent with a c-theorem for flow between infinite-randomness fixed points. The formalism we use can be generally applied to calculation of quantities that depend on the RG history in s >= 1 random Heisenberg chains. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Refael, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, MC 114-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024419 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200073 ER PT J AU Ross, M Rogers, F Winter, N Collins, G AF Ross, Marvin Rogers, Forrest Winter, Nicholas Collins, Gilbert TI Activity expansion calculation of shock-compressed helium: The liquid Hugoniot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY MODEL; HIGH-DENSITY; STATE; DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; POTENTIALS; HE-2(+); CURVES; GASES AB The Hugoniot of shock-compressed liquid helium was calculated using the activity expansion dense plasma program. The predicted maximum compression is at 100 GPa and 58 000 K, at a density nearly six-fold that of the initial state. Comparisons are made with recent path-integral Monte Carlo simulations, which predict a smaller maximum compression of 5.24-fold, near 360 GPa and 150 000 K. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 020502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.020502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200010 ER PT J AU Shytov, AV Pustilnik, M AF Shytov, A. V. Pustilnik, M. TI Permanent polarization of small metallic particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; MESOSCOPIC FLUCTUATIONS; DIPOLE-MOMENT; POLARIZABILITY; CLUSTERS AB Electric charge density in a metallic particle fluctuates due to inhomogeneities of various kinds. While in the bulk of the particle the charge fluctuations are suppressed by Thomas-Fermi screening, the underscreened charges near the surface give rise to a permanent electric dipole moment. We show that the dipole moment increases linearly with the particle size, and fluctuates strongly from particle to particle. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Shytov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Shytov, Andrey/0000-0002-4674-8124 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 041401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.041401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000006 ER PT J AU Simon, F Muranyi, F Feher, T Janossy, A Forro, L Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Simon, F. Muranyi, F. Feher, T. Janossy, A. Forro, L. Petrovic, C. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. TI Spin-lattice relaxation time of conduction electrons in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ESR SPECTROMETER; METALS; RESONANCE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ABSORPTION; ALUMINUM AB The spin-lattice relaxation time, T-1, of conduction electrons is measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field in MgB2 in the normal and superconducting states. The method is based on the detection of the z component of the conduction electron magnetization under electron-spin-resonance conditions with amplitude-modulated microwave excitation. Measurement of T-1 below T-c at 0.32 T allows us to disentangle contributions from the two Fermi surfaces of MgB2, as this field restores the normal state on the part of the Fermi surface with pi symmetry only. C1 Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Inst Phys, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Condensed Matter Res Lab, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, IPMC SB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Simon, F (reprint author), Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Inst Phys, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. EM simon@esr.phy.bme.hu RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Simon, Ferenc/G-7580-2011; Janossy, Andras/H-5415-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Simon, Ferenc/0000-0001-9822-4309; NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024519 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200112 ER PT J AU Singh, Y Johnston, DC AF Singh, Yogesh Johnston, D. C. TI Singlet ground state in the spin-1/2 dimer compound Sr3Cr2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MAGNETIZATION PLATEAUS; SRCU2(BO3)(2) AB Magnetic susceptibility chi and specific heat C versus temperature T measurements on polycrystalline samples of Sr3Cr2O8 and the isostructural, nonmagnetic compound Sr3V2O8 are reported. A Curie-Wiess fit to the high-T chi(T) data for Sr3Cr2O8 indicates that the Cr atoms are in the rare Cr5+ (spin S= 1/2) valence state as expected from the composition. The ground state was found to be a spin singlet with an excitation gap Delta/k(B)=61.9(1) K to the magnetic triplet states, and a weak interdimer coupling of 6(2) K was inferred. The C and chi measurements on Sr3V2O8 reveal a phase transition at 110 K, which is evidently a structural transition. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singh, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI singh, yogesh/F-7160-2016 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.012407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900015 ER PT J AU Taylor, BJ Scanderbeg, DJ Maple, MB Kwon, C Jia, QX AF Taylor, B. J. Scanderbeg, D. J. Maple, M. B. Kwon, C. Jia, Q. X. TI Role of quantum fluctuations in the vortex solid to vortex liquid transition of type-II superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; COUPLED LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOSON LOCALIZATION; INERTIAL MASS; FLUX LATTICES; 2 DIMENSIONS; GLASS; PHASE; DISORDER AB The evolution of vortex dynamic properties along the vortex-glass melting lines, H-g(T), of epitaxial thin film Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O6.97 samples (x=0-0.4) and that of an ultrahigh purity oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O6.5 single crystal are examined in magnetic fields up to 45 T. Analysis was carried out in the context of a modified melting line expression based on the quantum-thermal-fluctuation model of Blatter and Ivlev [Phys. Rev. B 50, 10272 (1994)]. The melting line equation developed here provides a means of experimentally determining the physical mechanism responsible for the energy scale which limits vortex motion at high frequencies. It is found that the effective vortex mass is enhanced significantly by quantum fluctuations and that the distance over which quantum fluctuations displace a segment of the vortex flux line is of the order of the size of the vortex core, which increases as T -> T-c. Supportive evidence that the equation developed here provides a universal description of the melting line in type-II superconductors is found by analyzing vortex-glass melting line data from a MgB2 bulk sample and an amorphous alpha-MoxSi1-x film. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductiv Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taylor, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014518 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900116 ER PT J AU Tseng, YC Haskel, D Lang, JC Sinogeikin, S Mudryk, Y Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Tseng, Y. C. Haskel, D. Lang, J. C. Sinogeikin, S. Mudryk, Ya. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI Effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the magnetic transitions in the Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) giant magnetocaloric compounds: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHASE; GD5SI2GE2; REFRIGERATION; GD-5(SI2GE2); SPECTRA; ALLOYS AB The pressure dependence of the magnetic transitions in the giant magnetocaloric materials Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) (x=0.125,0.5) has been investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). We found that the most notable features of the x-T phase diagram are also present in the P-T phase diagram. These include a nearly linear increase in Curie temperature, T-c, with increasing both x and P up to 275 K, and a discontinuity accompanied by a change in slope, dT(c)/d(x,P), at this temperature. However, the results indicate that a similar volume change results in similar to 3 times larger increase in T-c with Si doping than with pressure. Si doping, hence, does more to stabilize ferromagnetic interactions than simply uniformly reducing the unit cell volume. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Magnet Mat Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM haskel@aps.anl.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014411 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900068 ER PT J AU Tsetseris, L Hadjisavvas, G Pantelides, ST AF Tsetseris, L. Hadjisavvas, G. Pantelides, S. T. TI First-principles studies of isomerization processes of silicon clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SI CLUSTERS; TRANSITION; ENERGY; NANOPARTICLES; EVOLUTION; SHAPE AB The coexistence of a large number of isomers is one of the defining properties of nanoclusters. Here we report first-principles calculations of activation energies of silicon isomer transformations using a method for constructing low-energy isomers. We find that isomers form distinct classes. Within a class, intraconversion of a cluster is mediated by low-barrier bond switches in the interior. Interclass conversion requires high-barrier bond breaking in the outer ring structure. The results are consistent with experimental measurements and they have implications for theoretical searches of low-energy cluster structures. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsetseris, L (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045330 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000083 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Zu, XT Yang, L Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Wang, Zhiguo Zu, Xiaotao Yang, Li Gao, Fei Weber, William J. TI Atomistic simulations of the size, orientation, and temperature dependence of tensile behavior in GaN nanowires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; SURFACE-STRESS; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Molecular dynamics simulations with Stillinger-Weber potentials were used to study the response of wurtzite-type single-crystalline GaN nanowires to a tensile strain along the axial direction. Nanowires with axial orientations along the [0001], [1 (1) over bar 00], and [11 (2) over bar0] crystallographic directions, which correspond to experimentally synthesized nanowires, were studied. The results reveal that the nanowires with different axial orientations show distinctly different deformation behaviors under loading. The brittle to ductile transition (BDT) was observed in the nanowires oriented along the [0001] direction and the BDT temperatures lie in the temperature range between 1500 and 1800 K. The nanowires oriented along the [11 (2) over bar0] direction exhibit slip in the {01 (1) over bar0} planes, whereas the nanowires oriented along the [1 (1) over bar 00] direction fracture in a cleavage manner under tensile loading. It should be emphasized that multiple yield stresses were observed during different stages in the [11 (2) over bar0]-oriented nanowires. In general, Young's modulus of the GaN nanowires decreases with decreasing diameter of the nanowires. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM zgwang_dr@yahoo.com RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Wang, Zhiguo/B-7132-2009 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045310 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000063 ER PT J AU Wigger, GA Baumberger, F Shen, ZX Yin, ZP Pickett, WE Maquilon, S Fisk, Z AF Wigger, G. A. Baumberger, F. Shen, Z.-X. Yin, Z. P. Pickett, W. E. Maquilon, S. Fisk, Z. TI Electronic band structure and Kondo coupling in YbRh2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHOTOEMISSION; STATES; METALS; RESONANCE; YBAL3; COMPOUND; PRESSURE AB The electronic band structure of YbRh2Si2 is calculated in a relativistic framework including correlation corrections and magnetization of the Yb ion and compared to detailed angle-resolved photoemission spectra. The photoemission spectra for LuRh2Si2 are used as reference to identify electronic bands with no f symmetry. The calculated band structure manifests a 4f(13) spin-polarized configuration leaving the unoccupied state at 1.4 eV above the Fermi energy. At the band theory level, the 4f bands are located far below the Fermi level and the anisotropic Coulomb interaction within the 4f shell spreads the multilevel into broader 4f complexes below -2.5 eV. The photoemission spectra obtained on YbRh2Si2 show a clear f-multilevel splitting into j=7/2 and 5/2 excitations. The interaction of the 4f(7/2) levels close to the Fermi energy with two conduction bands shows visible hybridization gaps of 45 and 80 meV, respectively. We discuss the origin of these excitations and provide an analysis according to Anderson's single-impurity model with parameters suggested by the band-structure calculation and the photoemission spectra. Both experiment and theory indicate nearly identical Fermi surfaces for LuRh2Si2 and YbRh2Si2. The valency of Yb in YbRh2Si2 is estimated to be close to +3. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wigger, GA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Baumberger, Felix/A-5170-2008; Yin, Zhiping/G-3949-2012 OI Baumberger, Felix/0000-0001-7104-7541; Yin, Zhiping/0000-0001-8679-5251 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035106 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800039 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Tranquada, JM Perring, TG Gu, GD Fujita, M Yamada, K AF Xu, Guangyong Tranquada, J. M. Perring, T. G. Gu, G. D. Fujita, M. Yamada, K. TI High-energy magnetic excitations from dynamic stripes in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN EXCITATIONS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MOTT INSULATOR; LA2-XSRXCUO4; FLUCTUATIONS; PHYSICS; ANTIFERROMAGNETS AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the temperature dependence of magnetic excitations (for energies up to 100 meV) in the cuprate La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. This compound exhibits stripe order below a temperature of similar to 50 K; previous measurements have shown that the magnetic excitations of the stripe-ordered phase have an hour-glass-like dispersion, with a saddle point at similar to 50 meV. Here, we compare measurements in the disordered phase taken at 65 and 300 K. At energies on the scale of k(B)T, there is substantial momentum broadening of the signal, and the low-energy incommensurate features can no longer be resolved at 300 K. In contrast, there is remarkably little change in the scattered signal for energies greater than k(B)T. In fact, the momentum-integrated dynamic susceptibility is almost constant with temperature. The continuity of the magnetic excitations at E>50 meV indicates that the character of the local antiferromagnetic spin correlations is independent of stripe ordering. Based on the smooth evolution of the lower-energy excitations into the spin waves of the stripe-ordered phase, we infer the existence of dynamic stripe correlations in the disordered phase. We reconsider the nature of the magnetic dispersion, and we discuss the correspondences between the thermal evolution of magnetic stripe correlations with other electronic properties of the cuprates. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Gu, Genda/D-5410-2013; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Gu, Genda/0000-0002-9886-3255; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014508 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900106 ER PT J AU Yim, JWL Jones, RE Yu, KM Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Schaff, WJ Wu, J AF Yim, J. W. L. Jones, R. E. Yu, K. M. Ager, J. W., III Walukiewicz, W. Schaff, William J. Wu, J. TI Effects of surface states on electrical characteristics of InN and In1-xGaxN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALLOYS; GAP; PARAMETERS; BARRIERS AB Surface states are known to pin the Fermi level in InN and In1-xGaxN, strongly affecting charge distribution and transport on the surface and at interfaces. By solving Poisson's equation over a range of bias voltages for an electrolyte-based capacitance-voltage measurement configuration, we have calculated the band bending and space charge distribution in this system and developed an electronic model generally applicable to both p- and n-type group-III-nitride thin films. Both conduction band nonparabolicity and band renormalization effects due to the high surface electron concentration were included. The calculated space charge distributions, using the majority dopant concentration as a fitting parameter, are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The model quantitatively describes increasingly strong n-type electrical characteristics on the surface due to electron accumulation in p-type In1-xGaxN for decreasing values of x. This also provides a general understanding of the effect of mobile carriers on capacitance-voltage measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 041303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.041303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000005 ER PT J AU Yin, LA Nam, MS Analytis, JG Blundell, SJ Ardavan, A Schlueter, JA Sasaki, T AF Yin, Liang Nam, Moon-Sun Analytis, James G. Blundell, Stephen J. Ardavan, Arzhang Schlueter, John A. Sasaki, Takahiko TI Dissipation in the superconducting state of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTEX-PAIR EXCITATION; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8 CRYSTALS; TRANSITION; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)2CU(NCS)2; JOSEPHSON; MECHANISM; LIQUID; FIELD AB We have studied the interlayer resistivity of the prototypical quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) as a function of temperature, current, and magnetic field, within the superconducting state. We find a region of nonzero resistivity whose properties are strongly dependent on magnetic field and current density. There is a crossover to non-Ohmic conduction below a temperature that coincides with the two-dimensional vortex solid-vortex liquid transition. We interpret the behavior in terms of a model of current- and thermally driven phase slips caused by the diffusive motion of the pancake vortices which are weakly coupled in adjacent layers, giving rise to a finite interlayer resistance. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Yin, LA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Sasaki, Takahiko/F-1231-2010; YIN, LIANG/G-7585-2011 OI Sasaki, Takahiko/0000-0002-0767-5428; NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900104 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Varga, K Pantelides, ST AF Zhang, X.-G. Varga, Kalman Pantelides, Sokrates T. TI Generalized Bloch theorem for complex periodic potentials: A powerful application to quantum transport calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPER-LATTICE; TRANSMISSION; WIRES; CONDUCTANCE; REFLECTION; PHONONS; ATOM AB Band-theoretic methods with periodically repeated supercells have been a powerful approach for ground-state electronic structure calculations but have not so far been adapted for quantum transport problems with open boundary conditions. Here, we introduce a generalized Bloch theorem for complex periodic potentials and use a transfer-matrix formulation to cast the transmission probability in a scattering problem with open boundary conditions in terms of the complex wave vectors of a periodic system with absorbing layers, allowing a band technique for quantum transport calculations. The accuracy and utility of the method are demonstrated by the model problems of the transmission of an electron over a square barrier and the scattering of a phonon in an inhomogeneous nanowire. Application to the resistance of a twin boundary in nanocrystalline copper yields excellent agreement with recent experimental data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035108 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800041 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Germann, TC Strachan, A AF Zhao, Shijin Germann, Timothy C. Strachan, Alejandro TI Molecular dynamics simulation of dynamical response of perfect and porous Ni/Al nanolaminates under shock loading SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOENERGETIC MATERIALS; FOILS AB We use a recently developed molecular dynamics method with an accurate, first-principles-based force field to study shock propagation in Ni/Al nanolaminates and the induced (highly exothermic) chemical reactions. We characterize both perfect nanolaminates and specimens containing small (4 nm diameter) voids. This method enables the accurate description of both the nonequilibrium shock loading process and the long-time evolution of the shocked material, providing an atomic-level picture of the complex interplay between the mechanical, thermal, and chemical processes that govern the behavior of the metastable composites. We shock the nanolaminates in the direction normal to the Ni/Al interfaces, leading to multiple wave reflections due to the elastic mismatch between Ni and Al; this leads to the Al layers having a higher temperature during the early stages of the process. In the perfect nanolaminates, the chemical reactions start at the interfaces closest to the impact plane and then propagate through the material. A rapid increase in the rate of chemical reactions (3Ni+Al -> Ni3Al) is observed following the melting of the Ni and Al layers. We estimate the propagation velocity of the chemical front to be about 200 m/s. The porous samples exhibit much faster energy release rates due to the mechanical intermixing of Al and Ni caused by shock-induced pore collapse and higher shock temperatures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhao, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014103 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196MY UT WOS:000248487900026 ER PT J AU Zhao, XC AF Zhao, Xiongce TI Wetting transition of water on graphite: Monte Carlo simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL SURFACES; CRITICAL-POINT; PREWETTING TRANSITIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TRIPLE-POINT; FILMS; ADSORPTION; MERCURY; HELIUM; INTERFACE AB We report evidence observed from molecular simulations for the first-order wetting transition of water on a solid surface. Based on the empirical potentials of SPC/E for water, the 10-4-3 van der Waals model, and a recently developed induction and multipolar potential for water and graphite, we show through a series of Monte Carlo simulations that the first-order wetting transition of water on graphite occurs at 475-480 K, and the prewetting critical temperature lies in the range 505-510 K. The calculated wetting transition temperature agrees quantitatively with that predicted previously using a simple model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanohase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhao, XC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanohase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 041402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.041402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 197FM UT WOS:000248540000007 ER PT J AU Zhou, CG Landau, DP Schulthess, TC AF Zhou, Chenggang Landau, D. P. Schulthess, T. C. TI Monte Carlo simulations of Rb2MnF4: A classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet in two dimensions with dipolar interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPIN SYSTEMS; EPSILON-DIMENSIONS; ANTI-FERROMAGNET; HEAT BATH; DIAGRAMS; POINTS; ALGORITHMS; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR AB We study the phase diagram of a quasi-two-dimensional magnetic system Rb2MnF4 with Monte Carlo simulations of a classical Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian which includes the dipolar interactions between Mn2+ spins. Our simulations reveal an Ising-like antiferromagnetic phase at low magnetic fields and an XY phase at high magnetic fields. The boundary between Ising and XY phases is analyzed with a recently proposed finite-size scaling technique and found to be consistent with a bicritical point at T=0. We discuss the computational techniques used to handle the weak dipolar interaction and the difference between our phase diagram and the experimental results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhou, CG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.024433 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196QD UT WOS:000248496200087 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Baumgart, S Belaga, VV Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betts, RR Bhardwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Blyth, SL Bombara, M Bonner, BE Botje, M Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bravar, A Burton, TP Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Callner, J Catu, O Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, SU Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cosentino, MR Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Daugherity, M de Moura, MM Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, F Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Feng, A Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gaillard, L Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, E Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YG Gos, H Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guimaraes, KSFF Gupta, N Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Harris, JW He, W Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, D Hollis, R Horner, MJ Huang, HZ Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jia, F Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kaplan, M Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Khodyrev, VY Kim, BC Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kowalik, KL Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kurnadi, P Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S LaPointe, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lin, G Lin, X Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Liu, L Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Millane, J Miller, ML Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mironov, C Mischke, A Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nepali, NS Netrakanti, PK Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pachr, M Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porile, N Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Qattan, IA Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Relyea, D Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sarsour, M Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shabetai, A Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szeliga, B Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van der Kolk, N van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Watson, JW Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, J Wu, Y Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Z Yepes, P Yoo, IK Yue, Q Yurevich, VI Zhan, W Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, Y Zhong, C Zhou, J Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN Zuo, JX AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Bai, Y. Balewski, J. Barannikova, O. Barnby, L. S. Baudot, J. Baumgart, S. Belaga, V. V. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, A. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betts, R. R. Bhardwaj, S. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Blyth, S.-L. Bombara, M. Bonner, B. E. Botje, M. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bravar, A. Burton, T. P. Bystersky, M. Cadman, R. V. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Callner, J. Catu, O. Cebra, D. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, S. U. Coffin, J. P. Cormier, T. M. Cosentino, M. R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Daugherity, M. de Moura, M. M. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. Didenko, L. Dietel, T. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, F. Dunin, V. B. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Eckardt, V. Edwards, W. R. Efimov, L. G. Emelianov, V. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Feng, A. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Fu, J. Gagliardi, C. A. Gaillard, L. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. G. Gos, H. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. D. Guertin, S. M. Guimaraes, K. S. F. F. Gupta, N. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Harris, J. W. He, W. Heinz, M. Henry, T. W. Hepplemann, S. Hippolyte, B. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. Hollis, R. Horner, M. J. Huang, H. Z. Hughes, E. W. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jia, F. Jones, P. G. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kaplan, M. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Khodyrev, V. Yu. Kim, B. C. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Kislov, E. M. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kopytine, M. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kowalik, K. L. Kravtsov, P. Kravtsov, V. I. Krueger, K. Kuhn, C. Kulikov, A. I. Kumar, A. Kurnadi, P. Kuznetsov, A. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Lange, S. LaPointe, S. Laue, F. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C.-H. Lehocka, S. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Lin, G. Lin, X. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ludlam, T. Lynn, D. Ma, G. L. Ma, J. G. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Martin, L. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McClain, C. J. McShane, T. S. Melnick, Yu. Meschanin, A. Millane, J. Miller, M. L. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mironov, C. Mischke, A. Mitchell, J. Mohanty, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nepali, N. S. Netrakanti, P. K. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okorokov, V. Oldenburg, M. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Pal, S. K. Panebratsev, Y. Pavlinov, A. I. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porile, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potekhin, M. Potrebenikova, E. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Putschke, J. Qattan, I. A. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Relyea, D. Ridiger, A. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sarsour, M. Sazhin, P. S. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shabetai, A. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shimanskiy, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Smirnov, N. Snellings, R. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Speltz, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stadnik, A. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Szeliga, B. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van der Kolk, N. van Leeuwen, M. Vander Molen, A. M. Varma, R. Vasilevski, I. M. Vasiliev, A. N. Vernet, R. Vigdor, S. E. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Waggoner, W. T. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Watson, J. W. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wetzler, A. Whitten, C. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, J. Wu, Y. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Z. Yepes, P. Yoo, I.-K. Yue, Q. Yurevich, V. I. Zhan, W. Zhang, H. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, Y. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zubarev, A. N. Zuo, J. X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Strangelet search in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEUS PRODUCTION; QUARK-MATTER; SEPARATION; PARTICLES; DROPLETS; DROPS; AGS AB We have searched for strangelets in a triggered sample of 61 million central (top 4%) Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV near beam rapidities at the STAR solenoidal tracker detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We have sensitivity to metastable strangelets with lifetimes of order >= 0.1 ns, in contrast to limits over ten times longer in BNL Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) studies and longer still at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Upper limits of a few 10(-6) to 10(-7) per central Au+Au collision are set for strangelets with mass greater than or similar to 30 GeV/c(2). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. HZNU, CCNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/H-4587-2016; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Fornazier Guimaraes, Karin Silvia/0000-0003-0578-9533; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.011901 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400009 ER PT J AU Arriaga, A Schiavilla, R AF Arriaga, A. Schiavilla, R. TI Relativistic calculation of deuteron threshold electrodisintegration at backward angles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; ELECTROMAGNETIC STRUCTURE; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; ENERGY; CHARGE AB The threshold electrodisintegration of the deuteron at backward angles is studied in instant form Hamiltonian dynamics, including a relativistic one-pion-exchange potential (OPEP) with off-shell terms as predicted by pseudovector coupling of pions to nucleons. The bound and scattering states are obtained in the center-of-mass frame, and then boosted from it to the Breit frame, where the evaluation of the relevant matrix elements of the electromagnetic current operator is carried out. The latter includes, in addition to one-body, also two-body terms due to pion exchange, as obtained, consistently with the OPEP, in pseudovector pion-nucleon coupling theory. In order to estimate the magnitude of the relativistic effects we perform, for comparison, the calculation with a nonrelativistic phase-equivalent Hamiltonian and consistent one-body and two-body pion-exchange currents. Our results for the electrodisintegration cross section show that, in the calculations using one-body currents, relativistic corrections become significant (i.e., larger than 10%) only at high momentum transfer Q (Q(2)similar or equal to 40 fm(-2) and beyond). However, the inclusion of two-body currents makes the relativistic predictions considerably smaller than the corresponding nonrelativistic results in the Q(2) region (18-40) fm(-2). The calculations based on the relativistic model also confirm the inadequacy, already established in a nonrelativistic context, of the present electromagnetic current model to reproduce accurately the experimental data at intermediate values of momentum transfers. C1 Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, P-1700 Lisbon, Portugal. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Arriaga, A (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Arriaga, Ana/N-2369-2015 OI Arriaga, Ana/0000-0002-8113-7425 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014007 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400016 ER PT J AU Bonneau, L Quentin, P Sieja, K AF Bonneau, L. Quentin, P. Sieja, K. TI Ground-state properties of even-even N=Z nuclei within the Hartree-Fock-BCS and higher Tamm-Dancoff approaches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PAIRING CORRELATIONS; SELF-CONSISTENT; DEFORMATIONS; NEUTRON AB We calculate the ground-state properties of well deformed, even-even N=Z nuclei in the region between Ni-56 and Sn-100 within two different approaches, focusing on the binding energy and deformation and pairing properties. First, we employ the Hartree-Fock-BCS (HFBCS) approximation with the Skyrme effective nucleon-nucleon interaction and discuss how the results depend on the parametrization of the interaction and on the pairing force parameters adjusted in various schemes to reproduce the experimental odd-even mass differences. Then, within the Higher Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (HTDA), which explicitly conserves the particle number, we calculate the same properties starting from the HFBCS solutions. The HTDA treatment of the ground-state correlations is converged within a n-particle-n-hole expansion using up to n=4 particle-hole excitations of the pair type (in the sense of Cooper pairs). We compare the ground-state properties calculated in these two descriptions of pairing correlations and deduce the importance of the particle-number conservation in weak pairing regimes. Finally, we extend the HTDA calculations so as to include the proton-neutron residual interaction and investigate the role of proton-neutron pairing on the above ground-state properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RP Bonneau, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014304 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400023 ER PT J AU Denizli, H Mueller, J Dytman, S Leber, ML Levine, RD Miles, J Kim, KY Adams, G Amaryan, MJ Ambrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Baillie, N Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bedlinskiy, I Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Boiarinov, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Ultmann, SBR Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Cetina, C Chen, S Cole, PL Coleman, A Collins, P Coltharp, P Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crede, V Cummings, JP Dashyan, N De Vita, R De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Dennis, L Deur, A Dhuga, KS Dickson, R Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS El Fassi, L Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Farhi, L Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ On, MG Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gonenc, A Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hafidi, K Hakobyan, H Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mibe, T Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Moriya, K AF Denizli, H. Mueller, J. Dytman, S. Leber, M. L. Levine, R. D. Miles, J. Kim, K. Y. Adams, G. Amaryan, M. J. Ambrozewicz, P. Anghinolfi, M. Asavapibhop, B. Asryan, G. Avakian, H. Bagdasaryan, H. Baillie, N. Ball, J. P. Baltzell, N. A. Barrow, S. Batourine, V. Battaglieri, M. Beard, K. Bedlinskiy, I. Bektasoglu, M. Bellis, M. Benmouna, N. Bianchi, N. Biselli, A. S. Bonner, B. E. Bouchigny, S. Boiarinov, S. Bradford, R. Branford, D. Briscoe, W. J. Brooks, W. K. Ultmann, S. B. R. Burkert, V. D. Butuceanu, C. Calarco, J. R. Careccia, S. L. Carman, D. S. Cetina, C. Chen, S. Cole, P. L. Coleman, A. Collins, P. Coltharp, P. Cords, D. Corvisiero, P. Crabb, D. Crede, V. Cummings, J. P. Dashyan, N. De Vita, R. De Sanctis, E. Degtyarenko, P. V. Dennis, L. Deur, A. Dhuga, K. S. Dickson, R. Djalali, C. Dodge, G. E. Donnelly, J. Doughty, D. Dragovitsch, P. Dugger, M. Dzyubak, O. P. Egiyan, H. Egiyan, K. S. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, L. Empl, A. Eugenio, P. Farhi, L. Fatemi, R. Fedotov, G. Feldman, G. Feuerbach, R. J. Forest, T. A. Frolov, V. Funsten, H. Gaff, S. J. On, M. Garc Gavalian, G. Gilfoyle, G. P. Giovanetti, K. L. Girard, P. Girod, F. X. Goetz, J. T. Gonenc, A. Gothe, R. W. Griffioen, K. A. Guidal, M. Guillo, M. Guler, N. Guo, L. Gyurjyan, V. Hafidi, K. Hakobyan, H. Hakobyan, R. S. Hardie, J. Heddle, D. Hersman, F. W. Hicks, K. Hleiqawi, I. Holtrop, M. Hu, J. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ilieva, Y. Ireland, D. G. McAleer, S. McKinnon, B. McNabb, J. W. C. Mecking, B. A. Mestayer, M. D. Meyer, C. A. Mibe, T. Mikhailov, K. Minehart, R. Mirazita, M. Miskimen, R. Mokeev, V. Moriya, K. TI Q(2) dependence of the S-11(1535) photocoupling and evidence for a P-wave resonance in eta electroproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID S11 1535 RESONANCE; QUARK-MODEL; MESON PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYON RESONANCE; ISOBAR MODEL; FORM-FACTORS; SIGMA-T; S11(1535); REGION; PROTON AB New cross sections for the reaction ep -> e'eta p are reported for total center-of-mass energy W=1.5-2.3 GeV and invariant squared momentum transfer Q(2)=0.13-3.3 GeV2. This large kinematic range allows the extraction of new information about response functions, photocouplings, and eta N coupling strengths of baryon resonances. A sharp structure is seen at W similar to 1.7 GeV. The shape of the differential cross section is indicative of the presence of a P-wave resonance that persists to high Q(2). Improved values are derived for the photocoupling amplitude for the S-11(1535) resonance. The new data greatly expand the Q(2) range covered, and an interpretation of all data with a consistent parametrization is provided. C1 Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, TR-14280 Bolu, Turkey. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CEA Saclay, Serin Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Denizli, H (reprint author), Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, TR-14280 Bolu, Turkey. RI Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; OI Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 45 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 015204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.015204 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400073 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Nelson, RO Devlin, M Becker, JA AF Fotiades, N. Nelson, R. O. Devlin, M. Becker, J. A. TI New levels and a lifetime measurement in Tl-202 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HALF-LIVES; THALLIUM; ISOTOPES; ISOMERS; LEAD AB The Tl-203(n,2n gamma) reaction was used to study excited states in Tl-202. The data were taken using the GEANIE spectrometer. The pulsed neutron source of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center's WNR facility provided neutrons in the energy range from 0.6 to 250 MeV. The time-of-flight technique was used to determine the incident neutron energies. gamma-ray excitation functions were measured from the beam-on data, whereas half-lives of isomers were determined from the beam-off data. The level scheme of Tl-202 has been considerably enriched and the low-spin part of the level scheme exhibits striking similarities to that of the neighboring Tl-204 isotope. The previously reported first excited state in Tl-202 has been decomposed into two close-lying states in the present measurement. The half-life of the 7(+) isomer at 950-keV excitation energy was measured with a more precise result that differs by similar to 4% from the value adopted in the literature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fotia@lanl.gov RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Fotiadis, Nikolaos/0000-0003-1410-3871 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014302 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400021 ER PT J AU Lyles, BF Bernstein, LA Burke, JT Dietrich, FS Escher, J Thompson, I Bleuel, DL Clark, RM Fallon, P Gibelin, J Macchiavelli, AO McMahan, MA Phair, L Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Wiedeking, M Beausang, CW Lesher, SR Darakchieva, B Evtimova, M AF Lyles, B. F. Bernstein, L. A. Burke, J. T. Dietrich, F. S. Escher, J. Thompson, I. Bleuel, D. L. Clark, R. M. Fallon, P. Gibelin, J. Macchiavelli, A. O. McMahan, M. A. Phair, L. Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. Wiedeking, M. Beausang, C. W. Lesher, S. R. Darakchieva, B. Evtimova, M. TI Absolute and relative surrogate measurements of the U-236(n,f) cross section as a probe of angular momentum effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDE NUCLEI AB Using both the absolute and relative surrogate techniques, the U-236(n,f) cross section was deduced over an equivalent neutron energy range of 0 to 20 MeV. A 42 MeV He-3 beam from the 88 Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used to perform a (He-3,alpha) pickup reaction on targets of U-235 (J(pi)=7/2(-)) and U-238 (J(pi)=0(+)) and the fission decay probabilities were determined. The U-235(He-3,alpha f) and U-238(He-3,alpha f) were surrogates for U-233(n,f) and U-236(n,f), respectively. The cross sections extracted using the surrogate method were compared to directly measured cross sections. The sensitivity of these cross sections to the J(pi)-population distributions was explored. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lyles, BF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bethany@nuc.berkeley.edu RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013; Burke, Jason/I-4580-2012; OI GIBELIN, Julien/0000-0001-6751-3714 NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014606 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400042 ER PT J AU Ma, Z Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Fitzgerald, RP Guidry, MW Hix, WR Jones, KL Kozub, RL Livesay, RJ Smith, MS Thomas, JS Visser, DW AF Ma, Z. Bardayan, D. W. Blackmon, J. C. Fitzgerald, R. P. Guidry, M. W. Hix, W. R. Jones, K. L. Kozub, R. L. Livesay, R. J. Smith, M. S. Thomas, J. S. Visser, D. W. TI Astrophysically important S-31 states studied with the S-32(p,d)S-31 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; CLASSICAL NOVAE; MODEL CALCULATIONS; REACTION-RATES; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ABUNDANCES; NUCLEI; SHELL; CL-31 AB In nova outbursts on oxygen-neon white dwarfs, the P-30(p,gamma)S-31 reaction plays a crucial role in the synthesis of heavier nuclear species, from Si to Ca. However, this important rate is very uncertain as a result of the lack of spectroscopic information on most of the levels above the proton threshold in S-31. To reduce these uncertainties, we have measured differential cross sections for the S-32(p,d)S-31 reaction and determined excitation energies for states in S-31. A total of 26 states in S-31 were observed, including 17 above the proton threshold. Five new states were observed. Spins and parities were determined or constrained for 15 of the observed levels through a distorted wave Born approximation analysis of the angular distributions, of which six were made for the first time. We have evaluated 66 levels using existing data in combination with this measurement and calculated a new P-30(p,gamma)S-31 reaction rate. We confirmed the spin-parity assignment of 1/2(+) for the state at 6263 keV which dominates the P-30(p,gamma)S-31 reaction rate at lower temperatures in novae, while the state at 6544 keV dominates at temperatures above 0.2 GK. Our results indicate that the P-30(p,gamma)S-31 rate is reduced by up to a factor of 10 at nova temperatures compared to previous estimates. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Visser, Dale/A-8117-2009; Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 OI Visser, Dale/0000-0002-2891-4731; Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 015803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.015803 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400077 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Sagaidak, RN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Voinov, AA Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Subotic, K Zagrebaev, VI Vostokin, GK Itkis, MG Henderson, RA Kenneally, JM Landrum, JH Moody, KJ Shaughnessy, DA Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Wilk, PA AF Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Utyonkov, V. K. Lobanov, Yu. V. Abdullin, F. Sh. Polyakov, A. N. Sagaidak, R. N. Shirokovsky, I. V. Tsyganov, Yu. S. Voinov, A. A. Gulbekian, G. G. Bogomolov, S. L. Gikal, B. N. Mezentsev, A. N. Subbotin, V. G. Sukhov, A. M. Subotic, K. Zagrebaev, V. I. Vostokin, G. K. Itkis, M. G. Henderson, R. A. Kenneally, J. M. Landrum, J. H. Moody, K. J. Shaughnessy, D. A. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Wilk, P. A. TI Synthesis of the isotope (282)113 in the Np-237+Ca-48 fusion reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; DECAY PROPERTIES; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; ELEMENT-115; DUBNIUM AB The decay properties of the new isotope (282)113 and its daughter nuclei have been measured in the Np-237(Ca-48, 3n)(282)113 reaction. During an irradiation with a beam dose of 1.1x10(19)244-MeV Ca-48 projectiles, two decay chains originating from the odd-odd isotope (282)113 (E-alpha=10.63 +/- 0.08 MeV,T-alpha=73(-29)(+134) ms) were produced in the complete fusion reaction with a cross section of 0.9(-0.6)(+1.6) pb; these properties are all in agreement with expectations based on the results of previous experiments. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.011601 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400006 ER PT J AU Pasquini, B Drechsel, D Vanderhaeghen, M AF Pasquini, B. Drechsel, D. Vanderhaeghen, M. TI Proton spin polarizabilities from polarized Compton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; ELECTROMAGNETIC POLARIZABILITIES; DISPERSION-RELATIONS; NUCLEON; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS AB Polarized Compton scattering off the proton is studied within the framework of subtracted dispersion relations for photon energies up to 300 MeV. As a guideline for forthcoming experiments, we focus the attention on the role of the proton's spin polarizabilities and investigate the most favorable conditions to extract them with a minimum of model dependence. We conclude that a complete separation of the four spin polarizabilities is possible, at photon energies between threshold and the Delta(1232) region, provided one can achieve polarization measurements with an accuracy of a few percent. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pasquini, B (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. OI Pasquini, Barbara/0000-0001-8433-5649 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 015203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.015203 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400072 ER PT J AU Pechenaya, OL Chiara, CJ Sarantites, DG Reviol, W Charity, RJ Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Andersson, LL Johansson, EK Rudolph, D AF Pechenaya, O. L. Chiara, C. J. Sarantites, D. G. Reviol, W. Charity, R. J. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Andersson, L.-L. Johansson, E. K. Rudolph, D. TI Level structure of Rh-92: Implications for the two-proton decay of Ag-94(m) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMASPHERE; PROTON; RADIOACTIVITY; NUCLEI; SHELL AB The 21(+) isomer in Ag-94 has recently been reported to have a two-proton decay branch to Rh-92. We have populated Rh-92 through the Ca-40(Ni-58,alpha pn) reaction at 240 MeV, and have performed detailed spectroscopic measurements of the levels, finding new states and measuring angular distributions of gamma rays. We find no evidence for the states reported to be populated by the two-proton decay of Ag-94(m). The calculated Q-value for the two-proton decay implies that this process directly feeds low-lying yrast, or near-yrast, states in Rh-92, which is very difficult to reconcile with our observations. Several scenarios for the population of Rh-92 are discussed, none of which appears to be satisfactory. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Pechenaya, OL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.011304 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400004 ER PT J AU Stoitsov, MV Dobaczewski, J Kirchner, R Nazarewicz, W Terasaki, J AF Stoitsov, M. V. Dobaczewski, J. Kirchner, R. Nazarewicz, W. Terasaki, J. TI Variation after particle-number projection for the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method with the Skyrme energy density functional SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PAIRING CORRELATIONS; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; DEPENDENT FORCES; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; 2-LEVEL MODEL; DRIP-LINE; SYMMETRY; SYSTEMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; APPROXIMATION AB Variation after particle-number restoration is incorporated for the first time into the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) framework employing the Skyrme energy density functional with zero-range pairing. The resulting projected HFB equations can be expressed in terms of the local gauge-angle-dependent densities. Results of projected calculations are compared with those obtained within the Lipkin-Nogami method in the standard version and with the Lipkin-Nogami method followed by exact particle-number projection. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Stoitsov, MV (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014308 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400027 ER PT J AU Wong, CY AF Wong, Cheuk-Yin TI Quarkonia and quark drip lines in a quark-gluon plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; DYNAMICAL MODEL; PARTICLE RATIOS; HEAVY QUARKONIA; GAUGE-THEORY; T-C; EQUILIBRATION AB We extract the Q-(Q) over bar potential by using the thermodynamic quantities obtained in lattice gauge calculations. The potential is tested and found to give spontaneous dissociation temperatures that agree well with those from lattice gauge spectral function analysis. Using such a Q-(Q) over bar potential, we examine the quarkonium states in a quark-gluon plasma and determine the "quark drip lines" which separate the region of bound color-singlet Q (Q) over bar states from the unbound region. The characteristics of the quark drip lines severely limit the region of possible bound Q (Q) over bar states with light quarks to temperatures close to the phase transition temperature. Bound quarkonia with light quarks may exist very near the phase transition temperature if their effective quark mass is of the order of 300-400 MeV and higher. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 90 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014902 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400060 ER PT J AU Zeitlin, C Guetersloh, S Heilbronn, L Miller, J Fukumura, A Iwata, Y Murakami, T AF Zeitlin, C. Guetersloh, S. Heilbronn, L. Miller, J. Fukumura, A. Iwata, Y. Murakami, T. TI Fragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon (12)C beams on elemental targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TOTAL CHARGE; MODEL; CODE; PROJECTILES; RADIATION; ENERGIES; HYDROGEN; PARTICLE; NUCLEON AB Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0 degrees have been obtained for interactions of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon carbon beams with C, CH(2), Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets. These beams are relevant to cancer therapy, space radiation, and the production of radioactive beams. We compare these results against previously published results using C and CH(2) targets at similar beam energies. Because of ambiguities arising from the presence of multiple fragments on many events, the previous publications reported only cross sections for B and Be fragments. In this work, we have extracted cross sections for all fragment species, using data obtained at three distinct values of angular acceptance, supplemented by data taken with the detector stack placed off the beam axis. A simulation of the experiment with the particle and heavy ion transport system (PHITS) Monte Carlo model shows fair agreement with the data obtained with the large-acceptance detectors, but agreement is poor at small acceptance. The measured cross sections are also compared with the predictions of the one-dimensional cross section models EPAX2 and NUCFRG2; the latter is presently used in NASA's space radiation transport calculations. Though PHITS and NUCFRG2 reproduce the charge-changing cross sections with reasonable accuracy, none of the models is able to accurately predict the fragment cross sections for all fragment species and target materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 260, Japan. RP Zeitlin, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cjzeitlin@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014911 DI 10.1103/physRevC.76.01911 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 197GK UT WOS:000248542400069 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G 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Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mans, J Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mommsen, RK Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Ochando, C Oguri, V Oliveira, N Onoprienko, D Oshima, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Siccardi, V Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stark, J Steele, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strandberg, S Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tiller, B Tissandier, F Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tomoto, M Toole, T Torchiani, I Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ van Eijk, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vlimant, JR Von 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Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA Do Collaboration TI Measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for p(p)over-bar -> Z/gamma(*)-> e(+)e(-)+X events produced at root s of 1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; PERTURBATION-THEORY; DETECTOR AB We present a measurement of the shape of the boson rapidity distribution for p (p) over bar -> Z/gamma(*)-> e(+)e(-)+X events at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The measurement is made for events with electron-positron mass 71 < M-ee < 111 GeV and uses 0.4 fb(-1) of data collected at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with the D0 detector. This measurement significantly reduces the uncertainties on the rapidity distribution in the forward region compared with previous measurements. 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Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, Servi Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF H, FOM Inst, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF H, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen St Radboud Hosp, NIKHEF H, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Oklahoma City, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 18 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.012003 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300009 ER PT J AU Achterberg, A Ackermann, M Adams, J Ahrens, J Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baret, B Barwick, SW Bay, R Beattie, K Becka, T Becker, JK Becker, KH Beimforde, M Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Besson, DZ Blaufuss, E Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Bolmont, J Boser, S Botner, O Bouchta, A Braun, J Burgess, C Burgess, T Castermans, T Chirkin, D Christy, B Clem, J Cowen, DF D'Agostino, MV Davour, A Day, CT De Clercq, C Demirors, L Descamps, F Desiati, P DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC Dreyer, J Dumm, JP Duvoort, MR Ehrlich, R Eisch, J Ellsworth, RW Evenson, PA Fadiran, O Fazely, AR Filimonov, K Finley, C Foerster, MM Fox, BD Franckowiak, A Franke, R Gaisser, TK Gallagher, J Ganugapati, R Geenen, H Gerhardt, L Goldschmidt, A Goodman, JA Gozzini, R Griesel, T Grullon, S Grob, A Gunasingha, RM Gurtner, M Ha, C Hallgren, A Halzen, F Han, K Hanson, K Hardtke, D Hardtke, R Hart, JE Hasegawa, Y Hauschildt, T Hays, D Heise, J Helbing, K Hellwig, M Herquet, P Hill, GC Hodges, J Hoffman, KD Hommez, B Hoshina, K Hubert, D Hughey, B Huelb, JP Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hundertmark, S Inaba, M Ishihara, A Jacobsen, J Japaridze, GS Johansson, H Jones, A Joseph, JM Kampert, KH Kappes, A Karg, T Karle, A Kawai, H Kelley, JL Kislat, F Kitamura, N Klein, SR Klepser, S Kohnen, G Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Kowalski, M Kowarik, T Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Labare, M Landsman, H Lauer, R Leich, H Leier, D Liubarsky, I Lundberg, J Lunemann, J Madsen, J Maruyama, R Mase, K Matis, HS McCauley, T McParland, CP Meagher, K Meli, A Messarius, T Meszaros, P Miyamoto, H Mokhtarani, A Montaruli, T Morey, A Morse, R Movit, SM Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Nieben, P Nygren, DR Olivas, A Patton, S Pena-Garay, C Heros, CPDL Piegsa, A Pieloth, D Pohl, AC Porrata, R Pretz, J Price, PB Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Razzaque, S Redl, P Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Rizzo, A Robbins, S Roth, P Rothmaier, F Rott, C Rutledge, D Ryckbosch, D Sander, HG Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schlenstedt, S Schmidt, T Schneider, D Seckel, D Semburg, B Seo, SH Sestayo, Y Seunarine, S Silvestri, A Smith, AJ Song, C Sopher, JE Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stoufer, MC Stoyanov, S Strahler, EA Straszheim, T Sulanke, KH Sullivan, GW Sumner, TJ Taboada, I Tarasova, O Tepe, A Thollander, L Tilav, S Tluczykont, M Toale, PA Tosi, D Turcan, D van Eijndhoven, N Vandenbroucke, J Van Overloop, A de Vries-Uiterweerd, G Viscomi, V Voigt, B Wagner, W Walck, C Waldmann, H Walter, M Wang, YR Wendt, C Wiebusch, CH Wikstrom, G Williams, DR Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Xu, XW Yodh, G Yoshida, S Zornoza, JD AF Achterberg, A. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Ahrens, J. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baret, B. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Beattie, K. Becka, T. Becker, J. K. Becker, K.-H. Beimforde, M. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bouchta, A. Braun, J. Burgess, C. Burgess, T. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Davour, A. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demiroers, L. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. P. Duvoort, M. R. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. W. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. M. Fox, B. D. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Geenen, H. Gerhardt, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. A. Gozzini, R. Griesel, T. Grullon, S. Grob, A. Gunasingha, R. M. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hardtke, D. Hardtke, R. Hart, J. E. Hasegawa, Y. Hauschildt, T. Hays, D. Heise, J. Helbing, K. Hellwig, M. Herquet, P. Hill, G. C. Hodges, J. Hoffman, K. D. Hommez, B. Hoshina, K. Hubert, D. Hughey, B. Huelb, J.-P. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hundertmark, S. Inaba, M. Ishihara, A. Jacobsen, J. Japaridze, G. S. Johansson, H. Jones, A. Joseph, J. M. Kampert, K.-H. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kawai, H. Kelley, J. L. Kislat, F. Kitamura, N. Klein, S. R. Klepser, S. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Kowalski, M. Kowarik, T. Krasberg, M. Kuehn, K. Labare, M. Landsman, H. Lauer, R. Leich, H. Leier, D. Liubarsky, I. Lundberg, J. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. McCauley, T. McParland, C. P. Meagher, K. Meli, A. Messarius, T. Meszaros, P. Miyamoto, H. Mokhtarani, A. Montaruli, T. Morey, A. Morse, R. Movit, S. M. Muenich, K. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Nieben, P. Nygren, D. R. Olivas, A. Patton, S. Pena-Garay, C. Heros, C. Perez de Los Piegsa, A. Pieloth, D. Pohl, A. C. Porrata, R. Pretz, J. Price, P. B. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Razzaque, S. Redl, P. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Rizzo, A. Robbins, S. Roth, P. Rothmaier, F. Rott, C. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, D. Sander, H.-G. Sarkar, S. Satalecka, K. Schlenstedt, S. Schmidt, T. Schneider, D. Seckel, D. Semburg, B. Seo, S. H. Sestayo, Y. Seunarine, S. Silvestri, A. Smith, A. J. Song, C. Sopher, J. E. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoufer, M. C. Stoyanov, S. Strahler, E. A. Straszheim, T. Sulanke, K.-H. Sullivan, G. W. Sumner, T. J. Taboada, I. Tarasova, O. Tepe, A. Thollander, L. Tilav, S. Tluczykont, M. Toale, P. A. Tosi, D. Turcan, D. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Overloop, A. de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. Viscomi, V. Voigt, B. Wagner, W. Walck, C. Waldmann, H. Walter, M. Wang, Y.-R. Wendt, C. Wiebusch, C. H. Wikstroem, G. Williams, D. R. Wischnewski, R. Wissing, H. Woschnagg, K. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. Zornoza, J. D. TI Detection of atmospheric muon neutrinos with the IceCube 9-string detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS AB The IceCube neutrino detector is a cubic kilometer TeV to PeV neutrino detector under construction at the geographic South Pole. The dominant population of neutrinos detected in IceCube is due to meson decay in cosmic-ray air showers. These atmospheric neutrinos are relatively well understood and serve as a calibration and verification tool for the new detector. In 2006, the detector was approximately 10% completed, and we report on data acquired from the detector in this configuration. We observe an atmospheric neutrino signal consistent with expectations, demonstrating that the IceCube detector is capable of identifying neutrino events. In the first 137.4 days of live time, 234 neutrino candidates were selected with an expectation of 211 +/- 76.1(syst)+/- 14.5(stat) events from atmospheric neutrinos. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Alaska, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ South, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Humboldt Univ, Dept Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Vrije Univ Brussel VIB, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Dortmund, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Uppsala, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, SRON, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Achterberg, A (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014; Zornoza, Juan de Dios/L-1604-2014; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013 OI Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Auffenberg, Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094; Zornoza, Juan de Dios/0000-0002-1834-0690; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 027101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.027101 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200082 ER PT J AU Allton, C Antonio, DJ Blum, T Bowler, KC Boyle, PA Christ, NH Cohen, SD Clark, MA Dawson, C Hart, A Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T Juttner, A Jung, C Kennedy, AD Kenway, RD Li, M Li, S Lin, MF Mawhinney, RD Maynard, CM Noaki, J Ohta, S Pendleton, BJ Sasaki, S Scholz, EE Soni, A Tweedie, RJ Yamaguchi, A Yamazaki, T AF Allton, C. Antonio, D. J. Blum, T. Bowler, K. C. Boyle, P. A. Christ, N. H. Cohen, S. D. Clark, M. A. Dawson, C. Hart, A. Hashimoto, K. Izubuchi, T. Juettner, A. Jung, C. Kennedy, A. D. Kenway, R. D. Li, M. Li, S. Lin, M. F. Mawhinney, R. D. Maynard, C. M. Noaki, J. Ohta, S. Pendleton, B. J. Sasaki, S. Scholz, E. E. Soni, A. Tweedie, R. J. Yamaguchi, A. Yamazaki, T. TI 2+1 flavor domain wall QCD on a (2 fm)(3) lattice: Light meson spectroscopy with Ls=16 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL FERMIONS; ALGORITHM; SIMULATIONS AB We present results for light meson masses and pseudoscalar decay constants from the first of a series of lattice calculations with 2+1 dynamical flavors of domain wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action. The work reported here was done at a fixed lattice spacing of about 0.12 fm on a 16(3)x32 lattice, which amounts to a spatial volume of (2 fm)(3) in physical units. The number of sites in the fifth dimension is 16, which gives m(res)=0.00308(4) in these simulations. Three values of input light sea quark masses, m(l)(sea)approximate to 0.85m(s), 0.59m(s) and 0.33m(s) were used to allow for extrapolations to the physical light quark limit, while the heavier sea quark mass was fixed to approximately the physical strange quark mass m(s). The exact rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm was used to evaluate the fractional powers of the fermion determinants in the ensemble generation. We have found that f(pi)=127(4) MeV, f(K)=157(5) MeV and f(K)/f(pi)=1.24(2), where the errors are statistical only, which are in good agreement with the experimental values. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, EPCC, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies Sokendai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Allton, C (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320; Pendleton, Brian/0000-0003-4419-8621 NR 29 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.014504 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300045 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S 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Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Amplitude analysis of the decay D-0 -> K-K+pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PION PRODUCTION; SCATTERING; MODEL AB Using 385 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) collisions, we study the amplitudes of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D-0 -> K-K+pi(0). We measure the strong phase difference between the (D) over bar (0) and D-0 decays to K-*(892)K-+(-) to be -35.5 degrees +/- 1.9 degrees(stat)+/- 2.2 degrees(syst), and their amplitude ratio to be 0.599 +/- 0.013(stat)+/- 0.011(syst). We observe contributions from the K pi and K-K+ scalar and vector amplitudes, and analyze their angular moments. 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RI dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013 OI Strube, Jan/0000-0001-7470-9301; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Lafferty, George/0000-0003-0658-4919; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Salvatore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3709-1554; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Ebert, Marcus/0000-0002-3014-1512; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.011102 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300002 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR 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Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in B-0 ->(rho pi)(0) using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; ISOSPIN ANALYSIS; TAU-DECAYS; B-DECAYS; PHYSICS; MESON AB We report a measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in B-0 ->(rho pi)(0)->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decays using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis. The results are obtained from a data sample of 375x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays, collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We measure 26 coefficients of the bilinear form-factor terms occurring in the time-dependent decay rate of the B-0 meson. We derive the physically relevant quantities from these coefficients. In particular, we measure a constraint on the angle alpha of the unitarity triangle. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Sci, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Paris 11, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016 OI Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Search for D-0-(D-0)over bar mixing using doubly flavor tagged semileptonic decay modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We have searched for D-0-(D) over bar (0) mixing in D*(+)->pi D-+(0) decays with D-0 -> K-(*())e nu in a sample of e(+)e(-)-> c (c) over bar events produced near 10.58 GeV. The charge of the slow pion from charged D* decay tags the charm flavor at production, and it is required to be consistent with the flavor of a fully reconstructed second charm decay in the same event. We observe 3 mixed candidates compared to 2.85 background events expected from simulation. We ascribe a 50% systematic uncertainty to this expected background rate. We find a central value for the mixing rate of 0.4x10(-4). Using a frequentist method, we set corresponding 68% and 90% confidence intervals at (-5.6,7.4)x10(-4) and (-13,12)x10(-4), respectively. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. 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Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46010 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 014018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.014018 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300041 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S 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Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallox, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI e(+)e(-)-> K+K-pi(+)pi(-), K+K-pi(0)pi(0) and K+K-K+K- cross sections measured with initial-state radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BHABHA SCATTERING; TAGGED PHOTONS; MONTE-CARLO; ENERGIES; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We study the processes e(+)e(-)-> K+K-pi(+)pi(-)gamma, K+K-pi(0)pi(0)gamma and K+K-K+K-gamma, where the photon is radiated from the initial state. About 34 600, 4400 and 2300 fully reconstructed events, respectively, are selected from 232 fb(-1) of BABAR data. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energy, so that the K+K-pi(+)pi(-)gamma data can be compared with direct measurements of the e(+)e(-)-> K+K-pi(+)pi(-) reaction; no direct measurements exist for the e(+)e(-)-> K+K-pi(0)pi(0) or e(+)e(-)-> K+K-K+K- reactions. Studying the structure of these events, we find contributions from a number of intermediate states, and we extract their cross sections where possible. In particular, we isolate the contribution from e(+)e(-)->phi(1020)f(0)(980) and study its structure near threshold. In the charmonium region, we observe the J/psi in all three final states and several intermediate states, as well as the psi(2S) in some modes, and measure the corresponding branching fractions. We see no signal for the Y(4260) and obtain an upper limit of B-Y(4260)->phi pi(+)pi(-)center dot Gamma(Y)(ee)< 0.4 eV at 90% C.L. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Paris 11, Ctr Sci, F-91898 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015 OI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400 NR 24 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.012008 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300014 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Williams, DC Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Brandt, T Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S 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H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Observation of B+->rho K-+(0) and measurement of its branching fraction and charge asymmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; DECAY MODES; K-ETA; CHARMLESS; SEARCH AB We present the first observation of the decay B+->rho K-+(0), using a data sample of 348 fb(-1) collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The branching fraction and charge asymmetry are measured to be (8.0(-1.3)(+1.4)+/- 0.6)x10(-6) and (-12.2 +/- 16.6 +/- 2.0)%, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. 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Prairie View A & M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), IN2P3, CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.011103 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300003 ER PT J AU Balazs, C Berger, EL Nadolsky, P Yuan, CP AF Balazs, C. Berger, E. L. Nadolsky, P. Yuan, C.-P. TI Calculation of prompt diphoton production cross sections at Fermilab Tevatron and CERN LHC energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID 3-LOOP SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; SMALL TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; DOUBLE-PHOTON PRODUCTION; HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; TO-LEADING-ORDER; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; GLUON RESUMMATION; COLLINEAR LIMITS; PAIR PRODUCTION AB A fully differential calculation in perturbative quantum chromodynamics is presented for the production of massive photon pairs at hadron colliders. All next-to-leading order perturbative contributions from quark-antiquark, gluon-(anti)quark, and gluon-gluon subprocesses are included, as well as all-orders resummation of initial-state gluon radiation valid at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The region of phase space is specified in which the calculation is most reliable. Good agreement is demonstrated with data from the Fermilab Tevatron, and predictions are made for more detailed tests with CDF and D0 data. Predictions are shown for distributions of diphoton pairs produced at the energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Distributions of the diphoton pairs from the decay of a Higgs boson are contrasted with those produced from QCD processes at the LHC, showing that enhanced sensitivity to the signal can be obtained with judicious selection of events. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Balazs, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balazs@hep.anl.gov; berger@anl.gov; nadolsky@hep.anl.gov; yuan@pa.msu.edu NR 49 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.013009 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300023 ER PT J AU Chugunov, AI DeWitt, HE Yakovlev, DG AF Chugunov, A. I. DeWitt, H. E. Yakovlev, D. G. TI Coulomb tunneling for fusion reactions in dense matter: Path integral Monte Carlo versus mean field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-REACTION RATES; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; PYCNONUCLEAR REACTIONS; STELLAR MATTER; ENHANCEMENT; STARS; FLUIDS; DENSITIES; MIXTURES AB We compare Path Integral Monte Carlo calculations by Militzer and Pollock [Phys. Rev. B 71, 134303 (2005)] of Coulomb tunneling in nuclear reactions in dense matter to semiclassical calculations assuming WKB Coulomb barrier penetration through the radial mean-field potential. We find very good agreement of the two approaches at temperatures higher than similar to 1/5 of the ion plasma temperature. We obtain a simple parametrization of the mean-field potential and of the respective reaction rates. We analyze Gamow-peak energies of reacting ions in various reaction regimes and discuss theoretical uncertainties of nuclear reaction rates taking carbon burning in dense stellar matter as an example. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chugunov, AI (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Chugunov, Andrey/E-2061-2014 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 025028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.025028 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200075 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jackson, CB AF Dawson, S. Jackson, C. B. TI Chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters in Higgsless models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES; STANDARD MODEL; ONE-LOOP; ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PINCH TECHNIQUE; SELF-ENERGIES; GAUGE-BOSON; HEAVY HIGGS; MASS AB Recently, Higgsless models have proven to be viable alternatives to the standard model (SM) and supersymmetric models in describing the breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Whether extra dimensional in nature or their deconstructed counterparts, the physical spectrum of these models typically consists of towers of massive vector gauge bosons which carry the same quantum numbers as the SM W and Z. In this paper, we calculate the one-loop, chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters from the lightest (i.e. SM) and the next-to-lightest gauge bosons using a novel application of the pinch technique. We perform our calculation using generic Feynman rules with generic couplings such that our results can be applied to various models. To demonstrate how to use our results, we calculate the leading chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters in the deconstructed three-site Higgsless model. As we point out, however, our results are not exclusive to Higgsless models and may, in fact, be used to calculate the one-loop corrections from additional gauge bosons in models with fundamental (or composite) Higgs bosons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dawson@quark.phy.bnl.gov; cbjackson@bnl.gov OI Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X NR 86 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 015014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.015014 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300059 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB AF Halpern, M. B. TI Orbifolds of permutation type as physical string systems at multiples of c=26.IV. Orientation orbifolds include orientifolds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID REGGEIZED RESONANCE MODEL; OPERATOR ALGEBRA; CONSTRUCTION; GEOMETRY; FERMIONS AB In this fourth paper of the series, I clarify the somewhat mysterious relation between the large class of orientation orbifolds (with twisted open-string conformal field theories (CFT's) at c=52) and orientifolds (with untwisted open strings at c=26), both of which have been associated to division by world sheet orientation-reversing automorphisms. In particular-following a spectral clue in the previous paper-I show that, even as an interacting string system, a certain half-integer-moded orientation orbifold-string system is in fact equivalent to the archetypal orientifold. The subtitle of this paper, that orientation orbifolds include and generalize standard orientifolds, then follows because there are many other orientation orbifold-string systems-with higher fractional moding-which are not equivalent to untwisted string systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 026004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.026004 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200079 ER PT J AU Mirizzi, A Raffelt, GG Serpico, PD AF Mirizzi, Alessandro Raffelt, Georg G. Serpico, Pasquale D. TI Signatures of axionlike particles in the spectra of TeV gamma-ray sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC-CENTER; TELESCOPE; DIRECTION; PHOTON; FIELDS; BOUNDS AB One interpretation of the unexplained signature observed in the PVLAS experiment invokes a new axionlike particle (ALP) with a two-photon vertex, allowing for photon-ALP oscillations in the presence of magnetic fields. In the range of masses and couplings suggested by PVLAS, the same effect would lead to a peculiar dimming of high-energy photon sources. For typical parameters of the turbulent magnetic field in the galaxy, the effect sets in at E(gamma)greater than or similar to 10 TeV, providing an ALP signature in the spectra of TeV gamma sources that can be probed with Cherenkov telescopes. A dedicated search will be strongly motivated if the ongoing photon regeneration experiments confirm the PVLAS particle interpretation. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Sez INFN Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mirizzi, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst Phys, Fohringer Ring 6, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.023001 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200005 ER PT J AU Nadolsky, PM Balazs, C Berger, EL Yuan, CP AF Nadolsky, P. M. Balazs, C. Berger, E. L. Yuan, C.-P. TI Gluon-gluon contributions to the production of continuum diphoton pairs at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; 3-LOOP SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; SMALL TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; DOUBLE-PHOTON PRODUCTION; INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PROTON COLLISIONS; COLLINEAR LIMITS AB We compute the contributions to continuum photon pair production at hadron colliders from processes initiated by gluon-gluon and gluon-quark scattering into two photons through a four-leg virtual quark loop. Complete two-loop cross sections in perturbative quantum chromodynamics are combined with contributions from soft parton radiation resummed to all orders in the strong coupling strength. The structure of the resummed cross section is examined in detail, including a new type of unintegrated parton distribution function affecting azimuthal angle distributions of photons in the pair's rest frame. As a result of this analysis, we predict diphoton transverse-momentum distributions in gluon-gluon scattering in wide ranges of kinematic parameters at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Nadolsky, PM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nadolsky@hep.anl.gov; balazs@hep.anl.gov; berger@hep.anl.gov; xyuan@pa.msu.edu NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.013008 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HD UT WOS:000248544300022 ER PT J AU Unsal, M AF Uensal, Mithat TI Phases of N = infinity QCD-like gauge theories on S-3 x S-1 and nonperturbative orbifold-orientifold equivalences SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY RESTORATION; PARITY CONSERVATION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GLUINO CONDENSATE; FIELD-THEORIES; TRANSITION; BREAKING; DECONFINEMENT; CHROMODYNAMICS; GLUODYNAMICS AB We study the phase diagrams of N=infinity vectorlike, asymptotically free gauge theories as a function of volume, on S(3)xS(1). The theories of interest are the ones with fermions in two index representations [adjoint, (anti)symmetric, and bifundamental abbreviated as QCD(adj), QCD(AS/S), and QCD(BF)], and are interrelated via orbifold or orientifold projections. The phase diagrams reveal interesting phenomena such as disentangled realizations of chiral and center symmetry, confinement without chiral symmetry breaking, zero temperature chiral transitions, and in some cases, exotic phases which spontaneously break the discrete symmetries such as C, P, T as well as CPT. In a regime where the theories are perturbative, the deconfinement temperature in SYM, and QCD(AS/S/BF) coincide. The thermal phase diagrams of thermal orbifold QCD(BF), orientifold QCD(AS/S), and N=1 SYM coincide, provided charge conjugation symmetry for QCD(AS/S) and Z(2) interchange symmetry of the QCD(BF) are not broken in the phase continuously connected to the R-4 limit. When the S-1 circle is endowed with periodic boundary conditions, the (nonthermal) phase diagrams of orbifold and orientifold QCD are still the same, however, both theories possess chirally symmetric phases which are absent in N=1 SYM. The match and mismatch of the phase diagrams depending on the spin structure of fermions along the S-1 circle is naturally explained in terms of the necessary and sufficient symmetry realization conditions which determine the validity of the nonperturbative orbifold-orientifold equivalence. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Unsal, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM unsal@slac.stanford.edu NR 64 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 025015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.025015 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200062 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Garcia, AL Williams, SA AF Bell, John B. Garcia, Alejandro L. Williams, Sarah A. TI Numerical methods for the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes equations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; FLUCTUATING HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SIMPLE-EXCLUSION PROCESS; ALGORITHM REFINEMENT; SHOCK FLUCTUATIONS; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; BROWNIAN RATCHETS; DYNAMICS; FLUID AB The Landau-Lifshitz Navier-Stokes (LLNS) equations incorporate thermal fluctuations into macroscopic hydrodynamics by using stochastic fluxes. This paper examines explicit Eulerian discretizations of the full LLNS equations. Several computational fluid dynamics approaches are considered (including MacCormack's two-step Lax-Wendroff scheme and the piecewise parabolic method) and are found to give good results for the variance of momentum fluctuations. However, neither of these schemes accurately reproduces the fluctuations in energy or density. We introduce a conservative centered scheme with a third-order Runge-Kutta temporal integrator that does accurately produce fluctuations in density, energy, and momentum. A variety of numerical tests, including the random walk of a standing shock wave, are considered and results from the stochastic LLNS solver are compared with theory, when available, and with molecular simulations using a direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Williams, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sawilliams@math.ucdavis.edu NR 71 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.016708 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197JZ UT WOS:000248552600074 PM 17677595 ER PT J AU Berthier, L AF Berthier, Ludovic TI Revisiting the slow dynamics of a silica melt using Monte Carlo simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODE-COUPLING THEORY; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURE; SUPERCOOLED ORTHO-TERPHENYL; GLASS-TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID SILICA; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; MICROSCOPIC DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS SILICA; VITREOUS SILICA AB We implement a standard Monte Carlo algorithm to study the slow, equilibrium dynamics of a silica melt in a wide temperature regime, from 6100 K down to 2750 K. We find that the average dynamical behavior of the system is in quantitative agreement with results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, at least in the long-time regime corresponding to the alpha-relaxation. By contrast, the strong thermal vibrations related to the boson peak present at short times in molecular dynamics are efficiently suppressed by the Monte Carlo algorithm. This allows us to reconsider silica dynamics in the context of mode-coupling theory, because several shortcomings of the theory were previously attributed to thermal vibrations. A mode-coupling theory analysis of our data is qualitatively correct, but quantitative tests of the theory fail, raising doubts about the very existence of an avoided singularity in this system. We discuss the emergence of dynamic heterogeneity and report detailed measurements of a decoupling between translational diffusion and structural relaxation, and of a growing four-point dynamic susceptibility. Dynamic heterogeneity appears to be less pronounced than in more fragile glass-forming models, but not of a qualitatively different nature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Theory Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5587, F-34095 Montpellier, France. CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Berthier, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Theory Inst, 5640 S Eliis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Berthier, Ludovic/I-7104-2012 NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.011507 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197IT UT WOS:000248548900055 PM 17677450 ER PT J AU Hanne, J Zocchi, G Voulgarakis, NK Bishop, AR Rasmussen, KO AF Hanne, Jeungphill Zocchi, Giovanni Voulgarakis, Nikolaos K. Bishop, Alan R. Rasmussen, Kim O. TI Opening rates of DNA hairpins: Experiment and model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL FLUCTUATIONS; DOUBLE HELIX; SINGLE; BONDS; KINETICS; FLUORESCENCE; LANDSCAPES; MOLECULES; RNA AB We present single-molecule measurements of the opening rate of DNA hairpins under mechanical tension and compare with the results obtained from a reduced-degrees-of-freedom statistical mechanics model. We extract the apparent position of the transition state s and find that the model, with no fitting parameters, reproduces the experimental measurements surprisingly well. Our values for s are different from the ones obtained in previous experiments, where, however, the experimental conditions were different (different force fields, different salt concentrations). Thus it appears that the values of s measured for relatively short hairpins are strongly affected by these experimental conditions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanne, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Voulgarakis, Nikolaos/A-8711-2010 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011909 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.011909 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197IT UT WOS:000248548900101 PM 17677496 ER PT J AU Liu, W Goodman, J Ji, H AF Liu, Wei Goodman, Jeremy Ji, Hantao TI Traveling waves in a magnetized Taylor-Couette flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; CYLINDERS; FIELDS AB We investigate numerically a traveling wave pattern observed in experimental magnetized Taylor-Couette flow at low magnetic Reynolds number. By accurately modeling viscous and magnetic boundaries in all directions, we reproduce the experimentally measured wave patterns and their amplitudes. Contrary to previous claims, the waves are shown to be transiently amplified disturbances launched by viscous boundary layers, rather than globally unstable magnetorotational modes. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Ctr Magnet Self Org, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wliu@pppl.gov OI Liu, Wei/0000-0003-0935-3999 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.016310 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197JZ UT WOS:000248552600045 PM 17677566 ER PT J AU Miller, JC AF Miller, Joel C. TI Epidemic size and probability in populations with heterogeneous infectivity and susceptibility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; PERCOLATION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SARS; WEB AB We analytically address disease outbreaks in large, random networks with heterogeneous infectivity and susceptibility. The transmissibility T-uv (the probability that infection of u causes infection of v) depends on the infectivity of u and the susceptibility of v. Initially, a single node is infected, following which a large-scale epidemic may or may not occur. We use a generating function approach to study how heterogeneity affects the probability that an epidemic occurs and, if one occurs, its attack rate (the fraction infected). For fixed average transmissibility, we find upper and lower bounds on these. An epidemic is most likely if infectivity is homogeneous and least likely if the variance of infectivity is maximized. Similarly, the attack rate is largest if susceptibility is homogeneous and smallest if the variance is maximized. We further show that heterogeneity in the infectious period is important, contrary to assumptions of previous studies. We confirm our theoretical predictions by simulation. Our results have implications for control strategy design and identification of populations at higher risk from an epidemic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mathemat Modeling &Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mathemat Modeling &Anal Grp, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jomiller@lanl.gov RI Miller, Joel/C-4229-2015 OI Miller, Joel/0000-0003-4426-0405 NR 28 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 010101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.010101 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197IT UT WOS:000248548900001 PM 17677396 ER PT J AU Skigin, DC Loui, H Popovic, Z Kuester, EF AF Skigin, Diana C. Loui, Hung Popovic, Zoya Kuester, Edward F. TI Bandwidth control of forbidden transmission gaps in compound structures with subwavelength slits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; METALLIC GRATINGS; PHASE RESONANCES; HOLE ARRAYS; SURFACES; ELEMENTS; LIGHT AB Phase resonances in transmission compound structures with subwavelength slits produce sharp dips in the transmission response. For all equal slits, the wavelengths of these sharp transmission minima can be varied by changing the width or the length of all the slits. In this paper we show that the width of the dip, i.e., the frequency range of minimum transmittance, can be controlled by making at least one slit different from the rest within a compound unit cell. In particular, we investigate the effect that a change in the dielectric filling, or in the length of a single slit, produces in the transmission response. We also analyze the scan angle behavior of these structures by means of band diagrams and compare them with previous results for all-equal slit structures. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Grp Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Skigin, DC (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, Grp Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 1,C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM dcs@df.uba.ar; hloui@sandia.gov; zoya@colorado.edu; kuester@schof.colorado.edu NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.016604 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197JZ UT WOS:000248552600061 PM 17677582 ER PT J AU Zikic, R Krstic, PS Zhang, XG Fuentes-Cabrera, M Wells, J Zhao, X AF Zikic, Radomir Krstic, Predrag S. Zhang, X.-G. Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel Wells, Jack Zhao, Xiongce TI Comment on 'Characterization of the tunneling conductance across DNA bases' - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter ID TRANSPORT AB Lagerqvist 's Comment regarding the calculation of the transverse conductance of a single-strand DNA heteropolymer translocated through a nanogap between two metal electrodes fully confirms the main conclusions of our study [Phys. Rev. E 74, 011919 (2006)]. In the absence of resonant tunneling, the sensitivity to geometrical factors and the uncertainty in the density functional theory model, which is used in our study and is the basis for the parametrization of the model used by Lagerqvist , raises doubt about the utility of static-bias measurements for DNA sequencing. A possible scheme discussed by Lagerqvist , the stabilization of geometry by an applied strong transverse voltage (1 V), is outside the applicability range of the near-equilibrium theory they (and we) used. More advanced theories and precise gap measurements are needed to resolve these issues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.013902 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 197IT UT WOS:000248548900126 PM 17677521 ER PT J AU Bane, KLF Stupakov, G Zagorodnov, I AF Bane, K. L. F. Stupakov, G. Zagorodnov, I. TI Impedance calculations of nonaxisymmetric transitions using the optical approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID COUPLING IMPEDANCE; CROSS-SECTION AB In a companion report, we have derived a method for finding the impedance at high frequencies of vacuum chamber transitions that are short compared to the catch-up distance, in a frequency regime that - in analogy to geometric optics for light - we call the optical regime. In this report we apply the method to various nonaxisymmetric geometries such as irises/short collimators in a beam pipe, step-in transitions, step-out transitions, and more complicated transitions of practical importance. Most of our results are analytical, with a few given in terms of a simple one-dimensional integral. Our results are compared to wakefield simulations with the time-domain, finite-difference program ECHO, and excellent agreement is found. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Bane, KLF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUL PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 AR 074401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.074401 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VY UT WOS:000248656800008 ER PT J AU Podobedov, B Krinsky, S AF Podobedov, B. Krinsky, S. TI Transverse impedance of tapered transitions with elliptical cross section SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We study the transverse geometric impedance of elliptical cross-section tapers in the low-frequency "inductive regime." We have followed a dual approach: computer simulations have been carried out using the finite element electromagnetic code GDFIDL and analytic results for the dipolar and quadrupolar components of the impedance have been derived extending a perturbation technique introduced by Stupakov. Our work provides new insight into the behavior of the impedance of axially asymmetric tapered structures at low frequency. In particular, we clarify the frequency range characterizing the inductive regime, suggesting new criteria relating the extent of the inductive regime for dipolar and quadrupolar components of the impedance to the dimensions of the minimal cross section of a tapered transition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Podobedov, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUL PY 2007 VL 10 IS 7 AR 074402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.074402 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198VY UT WOS:000248656800009 ER PT J AU Burt, JB Ross, NL Gibbs, GV Rossman, GR Rosso, KM AF Burt, Jason B. Ross, Nancy L. Gibbs, G. V. Rossman, George R. Rosso, Kevin M. TI Potential protonation sites in the Al2SiO5 polymorphs based on polarized FTIR spectroscopy and properties of the electron density distribution SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE FTIR; Hydrogen; (3,-3) critical points; Andalusite; Sillimanite; Kyanite ID NOMINALLY ANHYDROUS MINERALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; DOCKING SITES; WATER-CONTENT; AB-INITIO; OH; HYDROGEN; KYANITE; MANTLE AB Potential protonation sites for, kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite, located in a mapping of the (3, -3) critical points displayed by their L(r) = -del(2) rho(r) distributions, are compared with polarized single-crystal FTIR spectra of kyanite and sillimanite determined earlier and with andalusite measured in this study. For andalusite, seven peaks were observed when the electric vector, E, is parallel to [100]: four intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, 3,526, and 3,597 cm(-1) and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm(-1). Six peaks, three intense ones at 3,440, 3,460, and 3,526 cm(-1) and three weaker ones at 3,480, 3,520, and 3,653 cm(-1) when E parallels [010]. No peaks were observed when E is parallel to [001]. The concentration of water in andalusite varies between 110 and 168 ppm by weight % H2O. Polarized FTIR spectra indicate that the OH vector is parallel to (001) in andalusite and sillimanite and (11 (1) over bar) in kyanite. Examination of the L(r) (3, -3) critical points in comparison with the polarized FTIR indicates that H prefers to bond to the oxygen atoms O1 and O2 in andalusite and O2 and O4 in sillimanite which correspond to the underbonded oxygen atoms and those with the largest L(r) maxima. In kyanite, comparison of the FTIR spectrum and the critical points indicates that H will preferentially bond to the two 4-coordinated O2 and O6 atoms. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Burt, JB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jaburt@mail.arizona.edu OI Rossman, George/0000-0002-4571-6884 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00269-007-0148-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 184QP UT WOS:000247657100002 ER PT J AU Antao, SM Jackson, I Li, BS Kung, J Chen, JH Hassan, I Liebermann, RC Parise, JB AF Antao, Sytle M. Jackson, Ian Li, Baosheng Kung, Jennifer Chen, Jiuhua Hassan, Ishmael Liebermann, Robert C. Parise, John B. TI High-temperature elasticity of magnesioferrite spinel SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE magnesioferrite; high-temperature studies; ultrasonic; elasticity ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; WAVE VELOCITIES; HIGH-PRESSURE; CATION; RINGWOODITE; CRYSTAL; MGFE2O4; MANTLE; STATE; GPA AB The elastic moduli of magnesioferrite spinel, MgFe2O4, and their temperature dependence have been determined for the first time by ultrasonic measurements on a polycrystalline specimen. The measurements were carried out at 300 MPa and to 700 degrees C in a gas-medium high-pressure apparatus. On heating, both the elastic bulk (K (S)) and shear (G) moduli decrease linearly to 350 degrees C. By combining with extant thermal-expansion data, the values for the room-temperature K (S) and G, and their temperature derivatives are as follows: K (0) = 176.3(7) GPa, G (0) = 80.1(2) GPa, (partial derivative K (S)/partial derivative T) (P) = -0.032(3) GPa K-1 and (partial derivative G/partial derivative T) (P) = -0.012(1) GPa K-1. Between 350 and 400 degrees C, there are abrupt increases of 1.4% in both of the elastic moduli; these closely coincide with the magnetic Curie transition that was observed by thermal analyses at about 360 degrees C. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Univ W Indies, Dept Chem, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Antao, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sytle.antao@anl.gov RI Li, Baosheng/C-1813-2013; jackson, ian/H-4739-2011 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s00269-007-0152-z PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 184QP UT WOS:000247657100006 ER PT J AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Butko, MA Pavlov, KV Titarenko, AY Mashnik, SG Ignatyuk, AV Barashenkov, VS AF Titarenko, Yu. E. Batyaev, V. F. Butko, M. A. Pavlov, K. V. Titarenko, A. Yu. Mashnik, S. G. Ignatyuk, A. V. Barashenkov, V. S. TI Production of residual radioactive nuclei in thin Bi-209, Pb-nat, Pb-206, Pb-207, and Pb-208 targets bombarded with 0.04-2.6 GeV protons SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Dept Gen Phys, Sect Nucl Phys ID CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETIC ENERGIES; YIELDS AB The results of the experimental measurement and numerical simulation of the cross sections Bi-209, Pb-nat, Pb-206, Pb-207, and Pb-208 targets bombarded for with protons in the energgy range from 0.04 ro 2.6 GeV are reported. The nucleotide production cross sections were measured using gamma spectometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The experimental data include a total of 5972 reaction cross sections at 11 proton energy values. The results are compraed to the data from other laboratories reported in 80 papers. The model energy values. The model calculations were carried out using eight simulation code packages: LAHET, INCL4 + ABLA, CEM03, LAQGSM + GEM2, CASCADE, CASCADE-2004, CASCADO, and LAHETO. A detailed analysis of discrepancies between the measured and calculated data is presented. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. EM Yury.Titarenko@itep.ru NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 EI 1562-692X J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1149 EP 1153 DI 10.1134/S1063778807070010 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 196LQ UT WOS:000248483600001 ER PT J AU Titarenko, YE Batyaev, VF Butko, MA Mashnik, SG Pavlov, KV Pranel, RE Titarenko, AY AF Titarenko, Yu. E. Batyaev, V. F. Butko, M. A. Mashnik, S. G. Pavlov, K. V. Pranel, R. E. Titarenko, A. Yu. TI Measurement and simulation of the rates of threshold reactions in a W-Na target bombarded with 0.8-GeV protons SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Dept Gen Phys, Sect Nucl Phys ID CROSS-SECTIONS; AL; ZR; CU AB The results of experimental measurement and numerical simulation of 979 rates of threshold reactions in 142 samples of Bi-209, Au-197, Ta-181, Tm-169, In-115, Nb-93, (CU)-C-65, Zn-64, (CU)-C-63, (CO)-C-59, Al-27, F-19, and C-12 placed inside and Outside of a "thick" W-Na target irradiated with 0.8-GeV protons are reported. The reaction rates are measured by the method of 7 spectrometry using Ge and GeLi semiconductor detectors. The numerical calculations were performed using the LAHET code package together with the EXFOR database and the evaluated data libraries MENDL2N, MENDL2P, and IEAF2001. The experimental and calculated results are compared and the most significant discrepancies are analyzed. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. EM Yury.Titarenko@itep.ru NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1154 EP 1159 DI 10.1134/S1063778807070022 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 196LQ UT WOS:000248483600002 ER PT J AU Cotrell, DL Cook, AW AF Cotrell, David L. Cook, Andrew W. TI Scaling the incompressible Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; FLUIDS AB We present a scaling relation for Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of incompressible fluids. The relation is tested using both numerical and experimental data. We obtain a collapse of growth rates for a wide range of initial conditions by using vorticity and velocity scales derived from the interfacial perturbations and the acceleration impulse. The scaling relation differs from previous models in that it does not require knowledge of the initial rate of growth of the instability. The new model is based solely on (presumably) known initial conditions and is valid for large-amplitude multimode perturbations. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cotrell, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUL PY 2007 VL 19 IS 7 AR 078105 DI 10.1063/1.2741255 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 196MG UT WOS:000248486100049 ER PT J AU Bugaev, KA AF Bugaev, K. A. TI Exactly solvable models: The road towards a rigorous treatment of phase transitions in finite systems SO PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; CRITICAL POINT; STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL REGION; SIMPLE FLUIDS; FRAGMENTATION AB The exact analytical solutions of a variety of statistical models recently obtained for finite systems are thoroughly discussed. Among them are a constrained version of the statistical multifragmentation model, the Gas of Bags Model, and the Hills and Dales Model of surface partition. The finite volume analytical solutions of these models were obtained by a novel powerful mathematical method, the Laplace-Fourier transform. Thus, the Laplace-Fourier transform allows one to study the nuclear matter equation of state, the equation of state of hadronic matter and quark gluon plasma, and the surface entropy of large clusters on the same footing. A complete analysis of the isobaric partition singularities of these models is done for finite systems. The developed formalism allows us, for the first time, to exactly define the finite volume analogs of gaseous, liquid, and mixed phases of these models from the first principles of statistical mechanics, and to demonstrate the pitfalls of earlier works. The found solutions may be used for building up a new theoretical apparatus to rigorously study phase transitions in finite systems. The strategic directions of future research opened by these exact results are also discussed. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, UA-03143 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bugaev, KA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, UA-03143 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7796 J9 PHYS PART NUCLEI+ JI Phys. Part. Nuclei PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 447 EP 468 DI 10.1134/S1063779607040028 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 198IC UT WOS:000248619300002 ER PT J AU Cohen, SA Landsman, AS Glasser, AH AF Cohen, S. A. Landsman, A. S. Glasser, A. H. TI Stochastic ion heating in a field-reversed configuration geometry by rotating magnetic fields SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-DRIVE; PARTICLES; ORBITS AB Ion heating by application of rotating magnetic fields (RMFs) to a prolate field-reversed configuration (FRC) is explored by analytical and numerical techniques. For odd-parity RMFs (RMFo), perturbation analysis shows ions in figure-8 orbits gain energy at resonances of the RMFo frequency omega(R), with the figure-8 orbital frequency omega. Since figure-8 orbits tend to gain the most energy from the RMF and are unlikely to escape in the cusp region (where most losses occur), they are optimal candidates for rapid stochastic heating, as compared to cyclotron and betatron orbits. Comparisons are made between heating caused by even- and odd-parity RMFs and between heating in currently operating and in reactor-scale FRC devices. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072508 DI 10.1063/1.2746813 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200029 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Evstatiev, EG Finn, JM AF Delzanno, G. L. Evstatiev, E. G. Finn, J. M. TI The role of resistivity on line-tied kink modes in cylindrical geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PINCH; INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; PLASMA AB An investigation of the effect of resistivity on linear line-tied kink modes is presented in cylindrical geometry. A region near marginal stability, where the line-tied system is stable in ideal magnetohydrodynamics but unstable with resistivity, is shown. In this region, the growth rate is found to be proportional to resistivity. There is no signature of the tearing-like scaling, which occurs in the corresponding system with periodic boundary conditions, or of the formation of boundary layers near the end plates. Instead, the resistive scaling is due to global resistivity, leading to imperfect line-tying. This feature is common to equilibrium pitch profiles that increase or decrease monotonically with radius and is not influenced by viscosity. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T 15, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 070702 DI 10.1063/1.2746213 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200002 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Evstatiev, EG Finn, JM AF Delzanno, G. L. Evstatiev, E. G. Finn, J. M. TI Line-tied kink modes in cylindrical equilibria with magnetic shear SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-LENGTH; STABILITY; INSTABILITY; PINCH AB The method described by Evstatiev [Phys. Plasmas 13, 072902 (2006)] to study the linear stability of line-tied modes in cylindrical geometry is applied to screw pinch equilibria with magnetic shear. The method is based on an expansion in eigenfunctions which depend on radius, and for ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) the inclusion in the expansion of singular eigenfunctions (originating from a continuum) is necessary. The method is also applied to study scaling laws for large cylinder lengths L. It is found that the width of the internal layer of the radial displacement for the line-tied mode scales asymptotically as L-2, consistent with the so-called two-mode approximation. This result is valid in the context of both ideal and resistive MHD and is obtained both analytically and numerically. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072902 DI 10.1063/1.2749252 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200039 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Gomez, I Martin-Solis, JR Sanchez, R AF Fernandez-Gomez, I. Martin-Solis, J. R. Sanchez, R. TI Determination of the parametric region in which runaway electron energy losses are dominated by bremsstrahlung radiation in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FAST PLASMA SHUTDOWN; LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; MOMENTUM-SPACE; STOCHASTIC-INSTABILITY; DISRUPTION MITIGATION; JT-60U TOKAMAK; TERMINATION; GENERATION; ITER; JET AB It has been recently argued that, at sufficiently large parallel electric fields, bremsstrahlung radiation can greatly reduce the maximum energy that runaway electrons can gain in tokamaks [M. Bakhtiari , Phys. Plasmas 12, 102503 (2005)]. In this contribution, the work of these authors is extended to show that the region where bremsstrahlung radiation dominate runaway energy losses is however more restricted than reported by them. Expressions will be provided for the limits of this region within the parameter space spanned by the background density and parallel electric field, as a function of the rest of the plasma parameters. It will be shown that the background density has to be above a certain critical value and that the parallel electric field must lie within a range of values, below and above which synchrotron radiation dominate the runaway energy losses. Finally, it will be demonstrated that typical disruption parameters lie within this region and, as a result, bremsstrahlung losses still play an important role in controlling the runaway energy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fernandez-Gomez, I (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Ave Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM ifgomez@fis.uc3m.es RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072503 DI 10.1063/1.2746219 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200024 ER PT J AU Gobbin, M Marrelli, L Martin, P White, RB AF Gobbin, M. Marrelli, L. Martin, P. White, R. B. TI Ion and electron local transport inside single helicity islands in the reversed field pinch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; RFX; CONFINEMENT; STELLARATOR; PLASMAS AB The ion and electron diffusion coefficients inside the helical magnetic core in a single helicity reversed field pinch (RFP) toroidal plasma have been numerical determined by a Monte Carlo test particle approach. A new algorithm aimed at approximating with polyhedra the magnetic surfaces obtained with Poincare cross sections has been developed. Stationary simulations of test ion and electron transport have been performed: they allow the determination of the average diffusion coefficients inside the helical core both for ions and electrons, which are much lower than those found in standard multiple helicity plasmas. Results are discussed and compared with those found in previous RFP simulations. The technique may be relevant also for stellarator and tokamak studies. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 EURATOM, ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gobbin, M (reprint author), EURATOM, ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X; White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072305 DI 10.1063/1.2747631 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200016 ER PT J AU Hahm, TS Diamond, PH Gurcan, OD Rewoldt, G AF Hahm, T. S. Diamond, P. H. Gurcan, O. D. Rewoldt, G. TI Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory of toroidal momentum pinch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; TRANSPORT BARRIER; ZONAL FLOWS; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; POLOIDAL ROTATION; PLASMA ROTATION; SHEAR PLASMAS; ION-TRANSPORT; MODE PLASMAS AB The turbulent convective flux of the toroidal angular momentum density is derived using the nonlinear toroidal gyrokinetic equation which conserves phase space density and energy [T. S. Hahm, Phys. Fluids, 31, 2670 (1988)]. A novel pinch mechanism is identified which originates from the symmetry breaking due to the magnetic field curvature. A net parallel momentum transfer from the waves to the ion guiding centers is possible when the fluctuation intensity varies on the flux surface, resulting in imperfect cancellation of the curvature drift contribution to the parallel acceleration. This mechanism is inherently a toroidal effect, and complements the k(parallel to) symmetry breaking mechanism due to the mean ExB shear [O. Gurcan , Phys. Plasmas 14, 042306 (2007)] which exists in a simpler geometry. In the absence of ion thermal effects, this pinch velocity of the angular momentum density can also be understood as a manifestation of a tendency to homogenize the profile of "magnetically weighted angular momentum density," nm(i)R(2)omega(parallel to)/B-2. This part of the pinch flux is mode-independent (whether it is trapped electron mode or ion temperature gradient mode driven), and radially inward for fluctuations peaked at the low-B-field side, with a pinch velocity typically, V-Ang(TEP)similar to-2 chi(phi)/R-0. Ion thermal effects introduce an additional radial pinch flux from the coupling with the curvature and grad-B drifts. This curvature driven thermal pinch can be inward or outward, depending on the mode-propagation direction. Explicit formulas in general toroidal geometry are presented. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hahm, TS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Gurcan, Ozgur/A-1362-2013 OI Gurcan, Ozgur/0000-0002-2278-1544 NR 71 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072302 DI 10.1063/1.2743642 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200013 ER PT J AU Kallman, JB Zakharov, LE AF Kallman, Joshua B. Zakharov, Leonid E. TI Bishop-Taylor equilibria for calibration equilibrium and equilibrium reconstruction codes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB The properties of Bishop-Taylor equilibria and the algorithm of their calculations, implemented into numerical code Cbbsh, are described. These equilibria are unique in having the shape of magnetic surfaces not dependent on the poloidal flux distribution, which, in its turn, determines both the current and pressure profiles in this case. These equilibria can be calculated with any precision, using only 3 ordinary differential equations. Possessing a free profile, they can be used for calibrating equilibrium and stability codes. They are also especially valuable for equilibrium reconstruction as a precise example of a configuration where the external magnetic field does not depend on the current density. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kallman, JB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072504 DI 10.1063/1.2749498 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200025 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA Lee, WW Qin, H Startsev, E AF Kolesnikov, R. A. Lee, W. W. Qin, H. Startsev, E. TI High frequency gyrokinetic particle simulation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB The gyrokinetic approach for arbitrary frequency dynamics in magnetized plasmas is explored, using the gyrocenter-gauge kinetic theory. Contrary to low-frequency gyrokinetics, which views each particle as a rigid charged ring, arbitrary frequency response of a particle is described by a quickly changing Kruskal ring. This approach allows the separation of gyrocenter and gyrophase responses and thus allows for, in many situations, larger time steps for the gyrocenter push than for the gyrophase push. The gyrophase response which determines the shape of Kruskal rings can be described by a Fourier series in gyrophase for some problems, thus allowing control over the cyclotron harmonics at which the plasma responds. A computational algorithm for particle-in-cell simulation based on this concept has been developed. An example of the ion Bernstein wave is used to illustrate its numerical properties, and comparison with a direct Lorentz-force approach is presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072506 DI 10.1063/1.2751600 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200027 ER PT J AU Mynick, HE Boozer, AH AF Mynick, H. E. Boozer, A. H. TI Zonal flows in toroidal systems SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; QUASILINEAR DIFFUSION; TOKAMAKS; STELLARATOR; PLASMA; CONFINEMENT; RIPPLE AB An analytic study of the shielding and time evolution of zonal flows in tokamaks and stellarators is presented, using the action-angle formalism. This framework permits one to solve the kinetic equation without expansion of that equation in small parameters of radial excursions and time scales, resulting in more general expressions for the dielectric shielding, and with a scaling extended from that in earlier work. From these expressions, it is found that for each mechanism of collisional transport, there is a corresponding shielding mechanism, of closely related form and scaling. The effect of these generalized expressions on the evolution and size of zonal flows, and their implications for stellarator design are considered. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mynick, HE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072507 DI 10.1063/1.251604 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200028 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Houlberg, WA Peng, M AF Shaing, K. C. Houlberg, W. A. Peng, M. TI Control of magnetic islands by pellet injection in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; CURRENT DRIVE; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; TRANSPORT; STABILIZATION; CONFINEMENT; SUPPRESSION; CURRENTS AB The appearance of magnetic islands in tokamaks degrades plasma confinement. It is therefore important to control or eliminate the growth of the islands to improve the performance of a tokamak. A theory is developed to control magnetic islands using the localized pressure gradient driven bootstrap current by injecting pellets at the O-point of the island to create a peaked plasma pressure profile inside the island. This localized bootstrap current replenishes the missing equilibrium bootstrap current density that causes the island to grow in the first place. It is shown that the effect of the localized bootstrap current tends to reduce or eliminate the original drive for the growth of the island in the island evolution equation. The theory is also valid for the localized bootstrap current created by localized heating, but with much less effectiveness. A possibility of eliminating the island by controlling the equilibrium profiles is also discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072501 DI 10.1063/1.2743516 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200022 ER PT J AU Wang, WX Hahm, TS Lee, WW Rewoldt, G Manickam, J Tang, WM AF Wang, W. X. Hahm, T. S. Lee, W. W. Rewoldt, G. Manickam, J. Tang, W. M. TI Nonlocal properties of gyrokinetic turbulence and the role of E X B flow shear SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; DYNAMICS; TOKAMAK; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; MODES AB The nonlocal physics associated with turbulent transport is investigated using global gyrokinetic simulations with realistic parameters in shaped tokamak plasmas. This study focuses on the turbulence spreading through a transport barrier characterized by an equilibrium ExB shear layer. It is found that an ExB shear layer with an experimentally relevant level of the shearing rate can significantly reduce, and sometimes even block, turbulence spreading by reducing the spreading extent and speed. This feature represents a new aspect of transport barrier dynamics. The key quantity in this process is identified as the local maximum shearing rate parallel to omega(max)(E)parallel to, rather than the amplitude of the radial electric field. These simulation studies also extend to radially local physics with respect to the saturation of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability, and show that the nonlinear toroidal couplings are the dominant k-space activity in the ITG dynamics, which cause energy transfer to longer wavelength damped modes, forming a downshifted toroidal spectrum in the fully developed turbulence regime. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, WX (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wwang@pppl.gov NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072306 DI 10.1063/1.2750647 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200017 ER PT J AU Welser-Sherrill, L Mancini, RC Haynes, DA Haan, SW Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ Radha, PB Delettrez, JA Regan, SP Koch, JA Izumi, N Tommasini, R Smalyuk, VA AF Welser-Sherrill, L. Mancini, R. C. Haynes, D. A. Haan, S. W. Golovkin, I. E. MacFarlane, J. J. Radha, P. B. Delettrez, J. A. Regan, S. P. Koch, J. A. Izumi, N. Tommasini, R. Smalyuk, V. A. TI Development of two mix model postprocessors for the investigation of shell mix in indirect drive implosion cores SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PLASTIC-SHELL; OMEGA AB The presence of shell mix in inertial confinement fusion implosion cores is an important characteristic. Mixing in this experimental regime is primarily due to hydrodynamic instabilities, such as Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov, which can affect implosion dynamics. Two independent theoretical mix models, Youngs' model and the Haan saturation model, were used to estimate the level of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing in a series of indirect drive experiments. The models were used to predict the radial width of the region containing mixed fuel and shell materials. The results for Rayleigh-Taylor mixing provided by Youngs' model are considered to be a lower bound for the mix width, while those generated by Haan's model incorporate more experimental characteristics and consequently have larger mix widths. These results are compared with an independent experimental analysis, which infers a larger mix width based on all instabilities and effects captured in the experimental data. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Welser-Sherrill, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072705 DI 10.1063/1.2753471 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200036 ER PT J AU Zaharia, S Birn, J AF Zaharia, Sorin Birn, J. TI Adiabatic plasma equilibrium and application to a reconnection problem SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FORCED MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETOSPHERIC EQUILIBRIUM; ROTATING PLASMAS; MAGNETOTAIL; FIELD; MODEL AB The evolution of many plasma systems is adiabatic, i.e., plasma entropy is conserved in each magnetic flux tube. An apparently surprising result found recently from simulations of a forced magnetic reconnection problem (the "Newton Challenge" [J. Birn , Phys. Plasmas 13, 092117 (2006)]) is that even in the presence of a dissipative process such as reconnection, the entropy within a flux tube can still be approximately conserved, due to the strong localization of the dissipation. To address plasma equilibrium with such adiabatic constraints, a novel code has been developed that computes equilibria with entropy profile as input, using the alternating dimension method [H. Grad , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 3789 (1975)]. The code alternates between solving the two-dimensional (2D) Grad-Shafranov equation to obtain the field configuration (flux function A) from the pressure profile P(A) and a 1D ordinary differential equation that uses the entropy conservation to derive the pressure function P(A) from a flux surface average. As a particular application, the code is used to compute equilibria relevant to the Newton Challenge, with a grid reflecting the reconnected state topology (with an X and an O point). The equilibria found agree very well with late stages of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the Newton Challenge. This agreement not only validates the new code, but also proves that the final state approached by the reconnection simulations is indeed an equilibrium quasiadiabatically connected with the initial state. The results also show a significant release of magnetic energy through reconnection. Finally, other potential applications of the new code, especially to adiabatic evolution of space plasmas, are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zaharia, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM szaharia@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2007 VL 14 IS 7 AR 072101 DI 10.1063/1.2744367 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 196MH UT WOS:000248486200004 ER PT J AU Kadel, RW AF Kadel, Richard W. TI Language of science I: Theories and laws SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kadel, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rwkadel@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUL PY 2007 VL 60 IS 7 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 187LB UT WOS:000247848100006 ER PT J AU Crewe, AV AF Crewe, Albert V. TI Science and the War on ... (Reprinted from Physics Today, vol 20 October 1967) SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Reprint C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Crewe, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUL PY 2007 VL 60 IS 7 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1063/1.2761802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 187LB UT WOS:000247848100028 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical point no-way physics SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 7 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 187KZ UT WOS:000247847900021 ER PT J AU Anderson, SJ Stone, CL Boore, JL Neelam, BA Stephens, RM Luster, DG Frederick, RD Pedley, KF AF Anderson, S. J. Stone, C. L. Boore, J. L. Neelam, B. A. Stephens, R. M. Luster, D. G. Frederick, R. D. Pedley, K. F. TI Phenotypic and genetic variation among soybean rust isolates SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470000020 ER PT J AU Chen, J Han, S Civerolo, E Stenger, DC Van Sluys, M AF Chen, J. Han, S. Civerolo, E. Stenger, D. C. Van Sluys, M. TI Two whole genome sequences of Xylella fastidiosa almond leaf scorch strains SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LANL, JGI, Los Alamos, NM USA. USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/A-8483-2012; IB/USP, Botanica/Q-7627-2016 OI Van Sluys, Marie-Anne/0000-0002-6506-2734; IB/USP, Botanica/0000-0002-4192-3747 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S21 EP S22 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470000129 ER PT J AU Gowda, M Chen, F Smith, D Mitchell, T Dean, RA AF Gowda, M. Chen, F. Smith, D. Mitchell, T. Dean, R. A. TI Interrogation of the RNA species in Magnaporthe grisea SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Fungal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP S42 EP S42 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 181XP UT WOS:000247470000254 ER PT J AU Fouquaert, E Hanton, SL Brandizzi, F Peumans, WJ Van Damme, EJM AF Fouquaert, Elke Hanton, Sally L. Brandizzi, Federica Peumans, Willy J. Van Damme, Els J. M. TI Localization and topogenesis studies of cytoplasmic and vacuolar homologs of the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic ortholog; Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; lectin; subcellular location ID MANNOSE-SPECIFIC LECTIN; GOLGI-APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SECRETORY PATHWAY; PLANT-LECTINS; BINDING; PROTEIN; TRANSPORT; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The Galanthus nivalis agglutinin ( GNA) is synthesized as a preproprotein. To corroborate the role of the different targeting peptides in the topogenesis of GNA and related proteins, different constructs were made whereby both the complete original GNA gene and different truncated sequences were coupled to the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP). In addition, a GNA ortholog from rice that lacks the signal peptide and C- terminal propeptide sequence was fused to EGFP. These fusion constructs were expressed in tobacco BY- 2 cells and their localization analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. We observed that the processed preproprotein of GNA was directed towards the vacuolar compartment, whereas both the truncated forms of GNA corresponding to the mature lectin polypeptide and the rice ortholog of GNA were located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It can be concluded, therefore, that removal of the C- terminal propeptide and the signal peptide is sufficient to change the subcellular targeting of a normally vacuolar protein to the nuclear/ cytoplasmic compartment of the BY- 2 cells. These findings support the proposed hypothesis that cytoplasmic/ nuclear GNA- like proteins and their vacuolar homologs are evolutionarily related and that the classical GNA- related lectins might have evolved from cytoplasmic orthologs through an evolutionary event involving the insertion of a signal peptide and a C- terminal propeptide. C1 Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Lab Biochem & Glycobiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Michigan State Univ, US Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Van Damme, EJM (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Lab Biochem & Glycobiol, Couper Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM ElsJM.VanDamme@UGent.be RI Van Damme, Els/B-4410-2015; OI Van Damme, Els/0000-0001-9848-766X NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1010 EP 1021 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcm071 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 203BI UT WOS:000248949700011 PM 17567639 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MR Ferrieri, AP Herth, MM Ferrieri, RA AF Thorpe, Michael R. Ferrieri, Abigail P. Herth, Matthias M. Ferrieri, Richard A. TI C-11-imaging: methyl jasmonate moves in both phloem and xylem, promotes transport of jasmonate, and of photoassimilate even after proton transport is decoupled SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE methyl jasmonate; carbon-11; C-11; Nicotiana tabacum; phloem loading; phloem transport; plant defenses; sectoriality; sucrose transporters; PCMBS; CCCP; DNP; vascular architecture ID RECENTLY FIXED CARBON; WOUND-INDUCED CHANGES; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; SYSTEMIC INDUCTION; ACID; BARLEY; LEAVES; PLANTS; LEAF AB The long-distance transport and actions of the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were investigated by using the short-lived positron-emitting isotope C-11 to label both MeJA and photoassimilate, and compare their transport properties in the same tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.). There was strong evidence that MeJA moves in both phloem and xylem pathways, because MeJA was exported from the labeled region of a mature leaf in the direction of phloem flow, but it also moved into other parts of the same leaf and other mature leaves against the direction of phloem flow. This suggests that MeJA enters the phloem and moves in sieve tube sap along with photoassimilate, but that vigorous exchange between phloem and xylem allows movement in xylem to regions which are sources of photoassimilate. This exchange may be enhanced by the volatility of MeJA, which moved readily between non-orthostichous vascular pathways, unlike reports for jasmonic acid (which is not volatile). The phloem loading of MeJA was found to be inhibited by parachloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS) (a thiol reagent known to inhibit membrane transporters), and by protonophores carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) suggesting proton co-transport. MeJA was found to promote both its own transport and that of recent photoassimilate within 60 min. Furthermore, we found that MeJA can counter the inhibitory effect of the uncoupling agent, CCCP, on sugar transport, suggesting that MeJA affects the plasma membrane proton gradient. We also found that MeJA's action may extend to the sucrose transporter, since MeJA countered the inhibitory effects of the sulfhydryl reagent, PCMBS, on the transport of photoassimilate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICG Phytosphere 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Coll Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Univ Mainz, Fachbereich Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Thorpe, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rferrieri@bnl.gov NR 50 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUL PY 2007 VL 226 IS 2 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0503-5 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 178EU UT WOS:000247204800022 PM 17356850 ER PT J AU Kamiya, K Asakura, N Boedo, J Eich, T Federici, G Fenstermacher, M Finken, K Herrmann, A Terry, J Kirk, A Koch, B Loarte, A Maingi, R Maqueda, R Nardon, E Oyama, N Sartori, R AF Kamiya, K. Asakura, N. Boedo, J. Eich, T. Federici, G. Fenstermacher, M. Finken, K. Herrmann, A. Terry, J. Kirk, A. Koch, B. Loarte, A. Maingi, R. Maqueda, R. Nardon, E. Oyama, N. Sartori, R. TI Edge localized modes: recent experimental findings and related issues SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEA Large Tokamak IA Workshop on Edge Transport in Fusion Plasmas CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP IEA ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; ELMY H-MODES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ASDEX UPGRADE; I ELMS; PARTICLE LOSSES; POWER DEPOSITION; HIGH-DENSITY; PEDESTAL CHARACTERISTICS AB Edge localized mode ( ELM) measurements in many tokamaks, including ASDEX-Upgrade, DIII-D, JET, JT-60U and MAST, are reviewed, which includes progress in experimental observations at the plasma edge region by means of fast-time resolved diagnostics with high precision, such as scanning probe, radial interferometer chord, BES and tangentially viewing fast-gated camera at the midplane. ELM dynamics data show that the majority of the ELM particle and energy transport should be dominated by ion convection physics and associated timescales. Furthermore, recent diagnostic upgrades on many tokamaks reveal the ELM. lament structure and their complex motion towards radial, poloidal and toroidal directions. Approaches to control the Type-IELMs, in addition to the alternative scenarios to Type-I ELMy H-mode operation (so-called, small/no ELM regimes) are also a key area of research for current tokamaks, which demonstrated a high confinenement ( being comparable to that of Type- I ELMy H-mode plasmas at similar parameters) in the absence of large, ELM induced, transient heat/ particle fluxes to the divertor targets. Although tolerable ELM regimes are obtained in existing devices, their application to [GRAPHICS] ITER is uncertain. Issues of these regimes towards further experiments and power deposition on divertor targets and main chamber wall are discussed. C1 Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ITER JWS Garching Co Ctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, FZJ,Inst Plasmaphys,Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Julich, Germany. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Kamiya, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kamiya.kensaku@jaea.go.jp NR 79 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 49 IS 7 BP S43 EP S62 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/7/S03 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 189BO UT WOS:000247963700004 ER PT J AU Zweben, SJ Boedo, JA Grulke, O Hidalgo, C LaBombard, B Maqueda, RJ Scarin, P Terry, JL AF Zweben, S. J. Boedo, J. A. Grulke, O. Hidalgo, C. LaBombard, B. Maqueda, R. J. Scarin, P. Terry, J. L. TI Edge turbulence measurements in toroidal fusion devices SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEA Large Tokamak IA Workshop on Edge Transport in Fusion Plasmas CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Cracow, POLAND SP IEA ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; WENDELSTEIN 7-AS STELLARATOR; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TOKAMAK PLASMA TURBULENCE; HIGH-CONFINEMENT MODE; TJ-II STELLARATOR; SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; MADISON SYMMETRICAL TORUS AB This paper reviews measurements of edge plasma turbulence in toroidal magnetic fusion devices with an emphasis on recent results in tokamaks. The dominant feature of edge turbulence is a high level of broadband density fluctuations with a relative amplitude delta n/n - 5-100%, accompanied by large potential and electron temperature. fluctuations. The frequency range of this turbulence is -10 kHz-1 MHz, and the size scale is typically -0.1-10 cm perpendicular to the magnetic field but many metres along the magnetic field, i.e. the structure is nearly that of 2D 'filaments'. Large intermittent bursts or 'blobs' are usually observed in the scrape-off layer. Diagnostic and data analysis techniques are reviewed and the main experimental results are summarized. Recent comparisons of experimental results with edge turbulence theory are discussed, and some directions for future experiments are suggested. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EURATOM, MPI Plasma Phys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. CIEMAT, EURATOM Assoc, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EURATOM, ENEA Fus, Consorzio REX, Padua, Italy. RP Zweben, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015 NR 247 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 16 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUL PY 2007 VL 49 IS 7 BP S1 EP S23 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/49/7/S01 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 189BO UT WOS:000247963700002 ER PT J AU Zilman, A Di Talia, S Chait, BT Rout, MP Magnasco, MO AF Zilman, Anton Di Talia, Stefano Chait, Brian T. Rout, Michael P. Magnasco, Marcelo O. TI Efficiency, selectivity, and robustness of nucleocytoplasmic transport SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-PORE COMPLEX; IMPORTIN-BETA; PROTEIN IMPORT; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS; REPEAT REGIONS; NUCLEOPORINS; TRANSLOCATION; MECHANISM AB All materials enter or exit the cell nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), efficient transport devices that combine high selectivity and throughput. NPC-associated proteins containing phenylalanine-glycine repeats (FG nups) have large, flexible, unstructured proteinaceous regions, and line the NPC.A central feature of NPC-mediated transport is the binding of cargo-carrying soluble transport factors to the unstructured regions of FG nups. Here, we model the dynamics of nucleocytoplasmic transport as diffusion in an effective potential resulting from the interaction of the transport factors with the flexible FG nups, using a minimal number of assumptions consistent with the most well-established structural and functional properties of NPC transport. We discuss how specific binding of transport factors to the FG nups facilitates transport, and how this binding and competition between transport factors and other macromolecules for binding sites and space inside the NPC accounts for the high selectivity of transport. We also account for why transport is relatively insensitive to changes in the number and distribution of FG nups in the NPC, providing an explanation for recent experiments where up to half the total mass of the FG nups has been deleted without abolishing transport. Our results suggest strategies for the creation of artificial nanomolecular sorting devices. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Phys Math Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mass Spectrometry & Gaseous Ion Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cellular & Struct Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Rout, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rout@mail.rockefeller.edu; magnasco@rockefeller.edu OI Di Talia, Stefano/0000-0001-9758-7925 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR000862, RR00862, RR022220, U54 RR022220]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM062427, R01 GM062427, R01 GM071329] NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1281 EP 1290 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030125 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 205IA UT WOS:000249106000011 PM 17630825 ER PT J AU Brumme, ZL Brumme, CJ Heckerman, D Korber, BT Daniels, M Carlson, J Kadie, C Bhattacharya, T Chui, C Szinger, J Mo, T Hogg, RS Montaner, JSG Frahm, N Brander, C Walker, BD Harrigan, PR AF Brumme, Zabrina L. Brumme, Chanson J. Heckerman, David Korber, Bette T. Daniels, Marcus Carlson, Jonathan Kadie, Carl Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Chui, Celia Szinger, James Mo, Theresa Hogg, Robert S. Montaner, Julio S. G. Frahm, Nicole Brander, Christian Walker, Bruce D. Harrigan, P. Richard TI Evidence of differential HLA class I-Mediated viral evolution in functional and Accessory/Regulatory genes of HIV-1 SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; CELL RESPONSES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PRIMARY INFECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; IMMUNE PRESSURE; PEPTIDE MOTIFS; SELECTION; VARIANTS AB Despite the formidable mutational capacity and sequence diversity of HIV-1, evidence suggests that viral evolution in response to specific selective pressures follows generally predictable mutational pathways. Population-based analyses of clinically derived HIV sequences may be used to identify immune escape mutations in viral genes; however, prior attempts to identify such mutations have been complicated by the inability to discriminate active immune selection from virus founder effects. Furthermore, the association between mutations arising under in vivo immune selection and disease progression for highly variable pathogens such as HIV-1 remains incompletely understood. We applied a viral lineage-corrected analytical method to investigate HLA class I-associated sequence imprinting in HIV protease, reverse transcriptase (RT), Vpr, and Nef in a large cohort of chronically infected, antiretrovirally naive individuals. A total of 478 unique HLA-associated polymorphisms were observed and organized into a series of "escape maps,'' which identify known and putative cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes under selection pressure in vivo. Our data indicate that pathways to immune escape are predictable based on host HLA class I profile, and that epitope anchor residues are not the preferred sites of CTL escape. Results reveal differential contributions of immune imprinting to viral gene diversity, with Nef exhibiting far greater evidence for HLA class I-mediated selection compared to other genes. Moreover, these data reveal a significant, dose-dependent inverse correlation between HLA-associated polymorphisms and HIV disease stage as estimated by CD4(+) T cell count. Identification of specific sites and patterns of HLA-associated polymorphisms across HIV protease, RT, Vpr, and Nef illuminates regions of the genes encoding these products under active immune selection pressure in vivo. The high density of HLA-associated polymorphisms in Nef compared to other genes investigated indicates differential HLA class I-driven evolution in different viral genes. The relationship between HLA class I-associated polymorphisms and lower CD4(+) cell count suggests that immune escape correlates with disease status, supporting an essential role of maintenance of effective CTL responses in immune control of HIV-1. The design of preventative and therapeutic CTL-based vaccine approaches could incorporate information on predictable escape pathways. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. British Columbia Ctr Excellence HIV AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Brumme, ZL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM zbrumme@partners.org RI Hogg, Robert/B-2783-2012; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Hogg, Robert/0000-0003-3463-5488; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Brumme, Chanson/0000-0003-2722-5288 FU PHS HHS [N01-AL-15422] NR 43 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 913 EP 927 AR e94 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030094 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 196VY UT WOS:000248511600007 PM 17616974 ER PT J AU Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Ajimura, S Khanam, F Itabashi, T Matsuoka, K Minami, S Mitoma, Y Sakaguchi, A Shimizu, Y Terai, K Chrien, RE Pile, P Noumi, H Sekimoto, M Takahashi, H Fukuda, T Imoto, W Mizoi, Y AF Kishimoto, T. Hayakawa, T. Ajimura, S. Khanam, F. Itabashi, T. Matsuoka, K. Minami, S. Mitoma, Y. Sakaguchi, A. Shimizu, Y. Terai, K. Chrien, R. E. Pile, P. Noumi, H. Sekimoto, M. Takahashi, H. Fukuda, T. Imoto, W. Mizoi, Y. TI Kaon-Nucleus interaction studied through the in-flight (K-, N) reaction SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NEUTRON-STARS; ANTIKAON PRODUCTION; SIGMA-HYPERNUCLEI; DYNAMICAL MODEL; MAXIMUM MASS; BOUND-STATES; CONDENSATION; MATTER; ATOMS AB We studied the (K) over bar -nucleus interaction by the C-12(K-, N) reaction. Missing mass spectra were derived from the momenta of both neutrons and protons from the reaction. An appreciable strength was observed below the (K) over bar -nucleus threshold, which indicates that the (K) over bar -nuclear potential is strongly attractive. The missing mass spectra are compared with the results of theoretical calculations. It is found that a potential depth of approximately -190 MeV best reproduces the spectrum of the C-12(K- ,n) reaction and approximately -160 MeV best reproduces that of the C-12(K- ,p) reaction. Our data show that the (K) over bar -nucleus potential is sufficiently deep to realize kaon condensation in the core of neutron stars. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728530, Japan. RP Kishimoto, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RI Mizoi, Yutaka/B-2112-2014 OI Mizoi, Yutaka/0000-0002-4749-0815 NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0033-068X J9 PROG THEOR PHYS JI Prog. Theor. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 118 IS 1 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1143/PTP.118.181 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 198NC UT WOS:000248633800015 ER PT J AU Velappan, N Sblattero, D Chasteen, L Pavlik, P Bradbury, ARM AF Velappan, Nileena Sblattero, Daniele Chasteen, Leslie Pavlik, Peter Bradbury, Andrew R. M. TI Plasmid incompatibility: more compatible than previously thought? SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE plasmid compatibility; origin of replication; antibiotic resistance ID FRAGMENT COMPLEMENTATION ASSAY; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COPY NUMBER; BACTERIAL PLASMIDS; 2-HYBRID SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; RECOMBINATION; SELECTION; SEGREGATION AB It is generally accepted that plasmids containing the same origin of replication are incompatible. We have re-examined this concept in terms of the plasmid copy number, by introducing plasmids containing the same origin of replication and different antibiotic resistance genes into bacteria. By selecting for resistance to only one antibiotic, we were able to examine the persistence of plasmids carrying resistances to other antibiotics. We find that plasmids are not rapidly lost, but are able to persist in bacteria for multiple overnight growth cycles, with some dependence upon the nature of the antibiotic selected for. By carrying out the experiments with different origins of replication, we have been able to show that higher copy number leads to longer persistence, but even with low copy plasmids, persistence occurs to a significant degree. This observation holds significance for the field of protein engineering, as the presence of two or more plasmids within bacteria weakens, and confuses, the connection between screened phenotype and genotype, with the potential to wrongly assign specific phenotypes to incorrect genotypes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ E Piedmont, Dept Med Sci, Novara, Italy. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov OI Velappan, Nileena/0000-0002-4488-9126; Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 7 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1093/protein/gzm005 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 209NQ UT WOS:000249395700001 PM 17332010 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, M Kiss, C Bradbury, ARM Tawfik, DS AF Goldsmith, Moshe Kiss, Csaba Bradbury, Andrew R. M. Tawfik, Dan S. TI Avoiding and controlling double transformation artifacts SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE artifacts; directed evolution; double transformations; library selection; plasmid DNA ID RECOMBINATION; REPLICATION AB This article describes a set of standard control experiments for the authentication of new protein variants isolated through library selection and site-directed mutagenesis. These controls are specifically designed to rule out artifacts derived from 'double transformants'-i.e. cells transformed with, or infected by, two different plasmids simultaneously. These seem to have been the source of past artifacts and, as demonstrated here, are far more common than generally recognized. By following standard protocols for cloning, plasmid isolation, subcloning, in combination with functional assays, the presence of such artifacts can be ruled out. This protocol needs to be applied for any new variant isolated from heterogeneous gene repertoires, and in particular for variants isolated by selection for either enzymatic activity, or binding. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, B Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tawfik, DS (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM tawfik@weizmann.ac.il OI Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172 NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 20 IS 7 BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1093/protein/gzm026 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 209NQ UT WOS:000249395700002 PM 17575283 ER PT J AU Godsey, MH Minasov, G Shuvalova, L Brunzelle, JS Vorontsov, II Collart, FR Anderson, WF AF Godsey, Michael H. Minasov, George Shuvalova, Ludmilla Brunzelle, Joseph S. Vorontsov, Ivan I. Collart, Frank R. Anderson, Wayne F. TI The 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of Bacillus cereus Nif3-family protein YqfO reveals a conserved dimetal-binding motif and a regulatory domain SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE structural genomics; Nif3; dimetal; cocatalytic site; PII; CutA; YqfO ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; P-II; ALIGNMENT; NIF3L1; SITE; TOOL AB YqfO of Bacillus cereus is a member of the widespread Nif3 family of proteins, which has been highlighted as an important target for structural genomics. The N- and C-terminal domains are conserved across the family and contain a dimetal-binding motif in a putative active site. YqfO contains an insert in the middle of the protein, present in a minority of bacterial family members. The structure of YqfO was determined at a resolution of 2.2 angstrom and reveals conservation of the putative active site. It also reveals the previously unknown structure of the insert, which despite extremely limited sequence conservation, bears great similarity to PII, CutA, and a number of other trimeric regulatory proteins. Our results suggest that this domain acts as a signal sensor to regulate the still-unknown catalytic activity of the more-conserved domains. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Concordia Univ, Coll Theol Arts & Sci, Portland, OR 97211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Ward 8-264,303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM wf-anderson@northwestern.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-62414, P50 GM062414] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1110/ps.062674007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 181VX UT WOS:000247465400006 PM 17586767 ER PT J AU Premkumar, L Rife, CL Krishna, SS McMullan, D Miller, MD Abdubek, P Ambing, E Astakhova, T Axelrod, HL Canaves, JM Carlton, D Chiu, HJ Clayton, T DiDonato, M Duan, L Elsliger, MA Feuerhelm, J Floyd, R Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Jaroszewski, L Jin, KK Klock, HE Knuth, MW Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Levin, I McPhillips, TM Morse, AT Nigoghossian, E Okach, L Oommachen, S Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Rodionov, D Schwarzenbacher, R Spraggon, G van den Bedem, H White, A Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Deacon, AM Godzik, A Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF Premkumar, Lakshmanane Rife, Christopher L. Krishna, S. Sri McMullan, Daniel Miller, Mitchell D. Abdubek, Polat Ambing, Eileen Astakhova, Tamara Axelrod, Herbert L. Canaves, Jaume M. Carlton, Dennis Chiu, Hsiu-Ju Clayton, Thomas DiDonato, Michael Duan, Lian Elsliger, Marc-Andre Feuerhelm, Julie Floyd, Ross Grzechnik, Slawomir K. Hale, Joanna Hampton, Eric Han, Gye Won Haugen, Justin Jaroszewski, Lukasz Jin, Kevin K. Klock, Heath E. Knuth, Mark W. Koesema, Eric Kovarik, John S. Kreusch, Andreas Levin, Inna McPhillips, Timothy M. Morse, Andrew T. Nigoghossian, Edward Okach, Linda Oommachen, Silvya Paulsen, Jessica Quijano, Kevin Reyes, Ron Rezezadeh, Fred Rodionov, Dmitry Schwarzenbacher, Robert Spraggon, Glen van den Bedem, Henry White, Aprilfawn Wolf, Guenter Xu, Qingping Hodgson, Keith O. Wooley, John Deacon, Ashley M. Godzik, Adam Lesley, Scott A. Wilson, Ian A. TI Crystal structure of TM1030 from Thermotoga maritima at 2.3 angstrom resolution reveals molecular details of its transcription repressor function SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE VALIDATION; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; REGULATORS; FAMILY; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; TETR C1 JCSG, Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), JCSG, Scripps Res Inst, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI subramanian, srikrishna/D-5004-2009; Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI subramanian, srikrishna/0000-0002-3263-1048; Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062411, P50 GM62411, U54 GM074898] NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1002/prot.21436 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 173TG UT WOS:000246894800043 PM 17444523 ER PT J AU de Fontaine, CS Kaufman, DS Anderson, RS Werner, A Waythomas, CF Brown, TA AF de Fontaine, Christian S. Kaufman, Darrell S. Anderson, R. Scott Werner, Al Waythomas, Christopher F. Brown, Thomas A. TI Late quaternary distal tephra-fall deposits in lacustrine sediments, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tephra; lacustrine sediment; volcanic ash; ash fall; tephrochronology; Late Quaternary; Cook Inlet; Alaska ID GREENLAND ICE CORE; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; UPPER COOK INLET; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; AGE CALIBRATION; CLIMATE SYSTEM; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; RECORD; VARIABILITY AB Tephra-fall deposits from Cook Inlet volcanoes were detected in sediment cores from Tustumena and Paradox Lakes, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, using magnetic susceptibility and petrography. The ages of tephra layers were estimated using 21 C-14 ages on macrofossils. Tephras layers are typically fine, gray ash, 1-5 mm thick, and composed of varying proportions of glass shards, pumice, and glass-coated phenocrysts. Of the two lakes, Paradox Lake contained a higher frequency of tephra (0.8 tephra/100 yr; 109 over the 13,200-yr record). The unusually large number of tephra. in this lake relative to others previously studied in the area is attributed to the lake's physiography, sedimentology, and limnology. The frequency of ash fall was not constant through the Holocene. In Paradox Lake, tephra layers are absent between ca. 800-2200, 3800-4800, and 9000-10,300 cal yr BP, despite continuously layered lacustrine sediment. In contrast, between 5000 and 9000 cal yr BP, an average of 1.7 tephra layers are present per 100 yr. The peak period of tephra fall (7000-9000 cal yr BP; 2.6 tephra/100 yr) in Paradox Lake is consistent with the increase in volcanism between 7000 and 9000 yr ago recorded in the Greenland ice cores. (c) 2007 University of Washingston. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Sci Program, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. US Geol Survey & Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaufman, DS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Ctr Environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM darrell.kaufman@nau.edu RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 64 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.03.006 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 187EN UT WOS:000247830300008 ER PT J AU Nichols, KK Bierman, PR Eppes, MC Caffee, M Finkel, R Larsen, J AF Nichols, Kyle K. Bierman, Paul R. Eppes, Martha C. Caffee, Marc Finkel, Robert Larsen, Jennifer TI Timing of surficial process changes down a Mojave Desert piedmont SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic nuclides; sediment transport; arid zone; soil; sediment budget ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; EPHEMERAL STREAM; PRODUCTION-RATES; BE-10; AL-26; EROSION; DENUDATION; CALIFORNIA AB We measured Be-10 and Al-26 in 29 sediment samples to infer the history and millennial-scale rates of change down a low-gradient piedmont, a common but enigmatic landform that dominates the Mojave Desert. Nuclide data suggest that a large volume of sediment was deposited on the proximal East Range Road piedmont in Fort Irwin, California, similar to 75,500 yr ago. Since then, this material has been stable or eroding slowly. In contrast, on the distal piedmont (3.5 km from the upland source basins) soil stratigraphy suggests that there have been alternating periods of surface stability, erosion, and deposition over the last 70,000 yr. Nuclide data from samples amalgamated along cross-piedmont transects suggest that long-term average down-gradient sediment speeds range from 9 cm yr(-1) near the uplands to 22 cm yr(-1) 6 km down-piedmont. These speeds are similar to Be-10-estimated sediment speeds down three other piedmonts in the Mojave Desert, suggesting that piedmont surface morphologies dominated by shallow migrating channels have similar sediment transport rates. The timing of surface process change down the East Range Road piedmont is determined by a combination of sediment available in the source basins, sediment transport rates, and the size of the piedmont. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Skidmore Coll, Dept Geosci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectr, Livermore, CA 94405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Nichols, KK (reprint author), Skidmore Coll, Dept Geosci, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. EM knichols@skidmore.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 68 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.02.001 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 187EN UT WOS:000247830300015 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Wang, Y Gallimore, R Gasse, F Johnson, T deMenocal, P Adkins, J Notaro, M Prenticer, IC Kutzbach, J Jacob, R Behling, P Wang, L Ong, E AF Liu, Z. Wang, Y. Gallimore, R. Gasse, F. Johnson, T. deMenocal, P. Adkins, J. Notaro, M. Prenticer, I. C. Kutzbach, J. Jacob, R. Behling, P. Wang, L. Ong, E. TI Simulating the transient evolution and abrupt change of Northern Africa atmosphere-ocean-terrestrial ecosystem in the Holocene SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION-CLIMATE INTERACTION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; HUMID PERIOD; ARABIAN PENINSULA; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; EASTERN SAHARA; WEST-AFRICA; NW AFRICA; MODEL; RECORD AB We present the first synchronously coupled transient simulation of the evolution of the northern Africa climate-ecosystem for the last 6500 years in a global general circulation ocean-atmosphere-terrestrial ecosystem model. The model simulated the major abrupt vegetation collapse in the southern Sahara at about 5 ka, consistent with the proxy records. Local precipitation, however, shows a much more gradual decline with time, implying a lack of strong positive vegetation feedback on annual rainfall during the collapse. The vegetation change in northern Africa is driven by local precipitation decline and strong precipitation variability. In contrast, the change of precipitation is dominated by internal climate variability and a gradual monsoonal climate response to orbital forcing. In addition, some minor vegetation changes are also simulated in different regions across northern Africa The model also simulated a gradual annual mean surface cooling in the subtropical North Atlantic towards the latest Holocene, as well as a reduced seasonal cycle of SST. The SST response is caused largely by the insolation forcing, while the annual mean cooling is also reinforced by the increased coastal upwelling near the east boundary. The increased upwelling results from a southward retreat of the North Africa monsoon system, and, in turn, an increased northeasterly trade wind. The simulated changes of SST and upwelling are also largely consistent with marine proxy records, albeit with a weaker magnitude in the model. The mismatch between the collapse of vegetation and gradual transition of rainfall suggests that the vegetation collapse is not caused by a strong positive vegetation feedback. Instead, it is suggested that the Mid-Holocene collapse of North African vegetation is caused mainly by a nonlinear response of the vegetation to a precipitation threshold in the presence of strong climate variability. The implication to the modeling and observations is also discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, CCR, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. US DOE, Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, CCR, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zliu3@wisc.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/C-1423-2010; Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011; Wang, Yi/F-2689-2011; demenocal, peter/B-1386-2013 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593; demenocal, peter/0000-0002-7191-717X NR 82 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 26 IS 13-14 BP 1818 EP 1837 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.03.002 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 207LS UT WOS:000249253200009 ER PT J AU Alexander, GA Swartz, HM Amundson, SA Blakely, WF Buddemeier, B Gallez, B Dainiak, N Goans, RE Hayes, RB Lowry, PC Noska, MA Okunieff, P Salner, AL Schauer, DA Trompier, F Turteltaub, KW Voisin, P Wiley, AL Wilkins, R AF Alexander, George A. Swartz, Harold M. Amundson, Sally A. Blakely, William F. Buddemeier, Brooke Gallez, Bernard Dainiak, Nicholas Goans, Ronald E. Hayes, Robert B. Lowry, Patrick C. Noska, Michael A. Okunieff, Paul Salner, Andrew L. Schauer, David A. Trompier, Francois Turteltaub, Kenneth W. Voisin, Phillipe Wiley, Albert L., Jr. Wilkins, Ruth TI BiodosEPR-2006 Meeting: Acute dosimetry consensus committee recommendations on biodosimetry applications in events involving uses of radiation by terrorists and radiation accidents SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 2nd International Conference on Biodosimetry/7th International Symposium on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Dosimetry and Applications CY JUL 10-13, 2007 CL Bethesda, MD SP Uniformed Serv Univ DE acute dosimetry; radiological triage; dose assessment; electron paramagnetic resonance; cytogenetic biodosimetry; medical management of radiation casualties ID PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; GENE-EXPRESSION CHANGES; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; EARLY DOSE ASSESSMENT; VIVO EPR DOSIMETRY; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT AB In the aftermath of a radiological terrorism incident or mass-casualty radiation accident, first responders and receivers require prior guidance and pre-positioned resources for assessment, triage and medical management of affected individuals [NCRP, 2005. Key elements of preparing emergency responders for nuclear and radiological terrorism. NCRP Commentary No. 19, Bethesda, Maryland, USA]. Several recent articles [Dainiak, N., Waselenko, J.K., Armitage, J.O., MacVittie, T.J., Farese, A.M., 2003. The hematologist and radiation casualties. Hematology (Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program) 473-496; Waselenko, J.K., MacVittie, T.J., Blakely, W.F., Pesik, N., Wiley, A.L., Dickerson, W.E., Tsu, H., Confer, D.L., Coleman, C.N., Seed, T., Lowry, P., Armitage, J.O., Dainiak, N., Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group, 2004. Medical management of the acute radiation syndrome: recommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 140(12), 1037-1051; Blakely, W.F., Salter, C.A., Prasanna, P.G., 2005. Early-response biological dosimetry-recommended countermeasure enhancements for mass-casualty radiological incidents and terrorism. Health Phys. 89(5), 494-504; Goans, R.E., Waselenko, J.K., 2005. Medical management of radiation casualties. Health Phys. 89(5), 505-512; Swartz, H.M., Iwasaki, A., Walczak, T., Demidenko, E., Salikhov, I., Lesniewski, P., Starewicz, P., Schauer, D., Romanyukha, A., 2005. Measurements of clinically significant doses of ionizing radiation using non-invasive in vivo EPR spectroscopy of teeth in situ. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 62, 293-299; Weisdorf, D., Chao, N., Waselenko, J.K., Dainiak, N., Armitage, J.O., McNiece, I., Confer, D., 2006. Acute radiation injury: contingency planning for triage, supportive care, and transplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 12(6), 672-682], national [National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), 1994. Management of persons accidentally contaminated with radionuclides. NCRP Report No. 65, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; NCR-P, 2001. Management of terrorist events involving radioactive material. NCRP Report No. 138, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; NCRP, 2005. Key elements of preparing emergency responders for nuclear and radiological terrorism. NCRP Commentary No. 19, Bethesda, Maryland, USA] and international [IAEA, 2005. Generic procedures for medical response during a nuclear or radiological emergency. EPR-Medical 2005, IAEA, Vienna, Austria] agencies have reviewed strategies for acute-phase biodosimetry. Consensus biodosimetric guidelines include: (a) clinical signs and symptoms, including peripheral blood counts, time to onset of nausea and vomiting and presence of impaired cognition and neurological deficits, (b) radioactivity assessment, (c) personal and area dosimetry, (d) cytogenetics, (e) in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and (f) other dosimetry approaches (i.e. blood protein assays, etc.). Emerging biodosimetric technologies may further refine triage and dose assessment strategies. However, guidance is needed regarding which biodosimetry techniques are most useful for different radiological scenarios and consensus protocols must be developed. The Local Organizing Committee for the Second International Conference on Biodosimetry and Seventh International Symposium on EPR Dosimetry and Applications (BiodosEPR-2006 Meeting) convened an Acute Dosimetry Consensus Committee composed of national and international experts to: (a) review the current literature for biodosimetry applications for acute-phase applications in raiological emergencies, (b) describe the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, (c) provide recommendations for the use of biodosimetry assays for selected defined radiation scenarios, and (d) develop protocols to apply these recommended biological dosimetry techniques with currently available supplies and equipment for first responders. The Acute Dosimetry Consensus Committee developed recommendations for use of a prioritized multiple-assay biodosimetric-based strategy, concluding that no single assay is sufficiently robust to address all of the potential radiation scenarios including management of mass casualties and diagnosis for early medical treatment. These recommendations may be used by first responders/first receivers that span time-windows of (i.e. 0-5 days) after the radiological incident for three radiological scenarios including: (a) radiation exposure device (RED), (b) radiological dispersal device (RDD), and (c) an improvised (or otherwise acquired) nuclear device (IND). Consensus protocols for various bioassays (i.e. signs and symptoms recording, bioassay sampling for radioactivity analysis, nail-clipping sampling for EPR analysis and blood collection for hematology, cytogenetics, and blood chemistry analyses) are presented as Appendix materials. As stated in NCRP Commentary No. 19 [NCRP, 2005. Key elements of preparing emergency responders for nuclear and radiological terrorism. NCRP Commentary No. 19, Bethesda, Maryland, USA], multi-parameter triage (i.e. time to vomiting, lymphocyte kinetics, and other biodosimetry indicators) offers the current best strategy for early assessment of absorbed dose. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Preparedness & Emergency Operat, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Radiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Physiol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. US Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20528 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Biomed Magnet Resonance Unit, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Catholique Louvain, Lab Med Chem & Radiopharm, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Med, Bridgeport, CT 06610 USA. MJW Corp, Clinton, TN 37716 USA. Remote Sensing Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Radiat Emergency Assitance Ctr Training Site, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US FDA, CDRH, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Radiat Oncol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Hartford Hosp, Helen & Harry Gray Canc Ctr, Ishikari, Hokkaido 06102, Japan. Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Inst Radioprotect & Surete Nucl, Radiobiol & Epidemiol Dept, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hlth Canada, Consumer & Clin Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada. RP Blakely, WF (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM blakely@afrri.usuhs.mil OI TROMPIER, Francois/0000-0002-8776-6572 NR 131 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 972 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.05.035 PG 25 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 224AH UT WOS:000250416900003 ER PT J AU Tsao, D Kalogerinis, P Tabrizi, I Dingfelder, M Stewart, RD Georgakilas, AG AF Tsao, Doug Kalogerinis, Peter Tabrizi, Isla Dingfelder, Michael Stewart, Robert D. Georgakilas, Alexandros G. TI Induction and processing of oxidative clustered DNA lesions in Fe-56-Ion-irradiated human monocytes SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; BISTRANDED ABASIC SITES; AVERAGE LENGTH ANALYSIS; LINEAR-ENERGY-TRANSFER; HUMAN CELL-EXTRACTS; HIGH-LET RADIATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB Space and cosmic radiation is characterized by energetic heavy ions of high linear energy transfer (LET). Although both low- and high-LET radiations can create oxidative clustered DNA lesions and double-strand breaks (DSBs), the local complexity of oxidative clustered DNA lesions tends to increase with increasing LET. We irradiated 28SC human monocytes with doses from 0-10 Gy of Fe-56 ions (1.046 GeV/nucleon, LET = 148 keV/mu m) and determined the induction and processing of prompt DSBs and oxidative clustered DNA lesions using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Number Average Length Analysis (NALA). The Fe-56 ions produced decreased yields of DSBs (10.9 DSB Gy(-1) Gbp(-1)) and clusters (1 DSB: similar to 0.8 Fpg clusters: similar to 0.7 Endo III clusters: similar to 0.5 Endo IV clusters) compared to previous results with Cs-137 gamma rays. The difference in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the measured and predicted DSB yields may be due to the formation of spatially correlated DSBs (regionally multiply damaged sites) which result in small DNA fragments that are difficult to detect with the PFGE assay. The processing data suggest enhanced difficulty compared with gamma rays in the processing of DSBs but not clusters. At the same time, apoptosis is increased compared to that seen with gamma rays. The enhanced levels of apoptosis observed after exposure to Fe-56 ions may be due to the elimination of cells carrying high levels of persistent DNA clusters that are removed only by cell death and/or "splitting" during DNA replication. (c) 2007 by Radiation Research Society. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Georgakilas, AG (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Howell Sci Complex, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM gcorgakilasa@ecu.edu RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009; Stewart, Robert/A-3609-2013 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0001-5946-0595 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 86897] NR 66 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1667/RR0865.1 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 183YI UT WOS:000247607900005 PM 17723001 ER PT J AU Boukhezzar, B Lupua, L Siguerdidjane, H Hand, M AF Boukhezzar, B. Lupua, L. Siguerdidjane, H. Hand, M. TI Multivariable control strategy for variable speed, variable pitch wind turbines SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE wind energy; variable speed wind turbine; power regulation; multivariable control AB Reliable and powerful control strategies are needed for wind energy conversion systems to achieve maximum performance. A new control strategy for a variable speed, variable pitch wind turbine is proposed in this paper for the above-rated power operating condition. This multivariable control strategy is realized by combining a nonlinear dynamic state feedback torque control strategy with a linear control strategy for blade pitch angle. A comparison with existing strategies, PID and LQG controllers, is performed. The proposed approach results in better power regulation. The new control strategy has been validated using an aeroelastic wind turbine simulator developed by NREL for a high turbulence wind condition. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Supelec, Dept Automat Control, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Boukhezzar, B (reprint author), Supelec, Dept Automat Control, Plateau Moulon,3 Rue Joliot Curie, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM boubekeur.boukhezzar@greyc.ensicaen.fr; houria.siguerdidjane@supelec.fr NR 18 TC 127 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JUL PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2006.06.010 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 154IX UT WOS:000245501500002 ER PT J AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, Chris TI Spontaneous symmetry breaking as a basis of particle mass SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; BROKEN SYMMETRIES; GAUGE THEORIES; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; CP CONSERVATION; STANDARD MODEL; NEUTRINO MASS; LEPTON-NUMBER AB Electroweak theory joins electromagnetism with the weak force in a single quantum field theory, ascribing the two fundamental interactions - so different in their manifestations - to a common symmetry principle. How the electroweak gauge symmetry is hidden is one of the most urgent and challenging questions facing particle physics. The provisional answer incorporated in the `standard model' of particle physics was formulated in the 1960s by Higgs, by Brout and Englert and by Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble: the agent of electroweak symmetry breaking is an elementary scalar field whose self-interactions select a vacuum state in which the full electroweak symmetry is hidden, leaving a residual phase symmetry of electromagnetism. By analogy with the Meissner effect of the superconducting phase transition, the Higgs mechanism, as it is commonly known, confers masses on the weak force carriers W-+/- and Z. It also opens the door to masses for the quarks and leptons, and shapes the world around us. It is a good story - though an incomplete story - and we do not know how much of the story is true. Experiments that explore the Fermi scale ( the energy regime around 1 TeV) during the next decade will put the electroweak theory to decisive test, and may uncover new elements needed to construct a more satisfying completion of the electroweak theory. The aim of this article is to set the stage by reporting what we know and what we need to know, and to set some `big questions' that will guide our explorations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Dept Phys, Theory Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM quigg@fnal.gov NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1053 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/70/7/R01 PG 35 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 189BT UT WOS:000247964200001 ER PT J AU Dolan, DH Jones, SC AF Dolan, D. H. Jones, S. C. TI Push-pull analysis of photonic Doppler velocimetry measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETER AB A robust analysis method is presented for multiple-phase heterodyne velocimetry measurements. By combining information from three phase-shifted signals, it is possible to eliminate coherent intensity variations and incoherent light from the measurement. The three data signals are reduced to a pair of quadrature signals, allowing unambiguous calculation of target displacement. The analysis relies on a minimum number of adjustable parameters, and these parameters can be precisely determined from simple interferometer characterization. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dolan, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dhdolan@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 AR 076102 DI 10.1063/1.2754405 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 196MI UT WOS:000248486300071 PM 17672801 ER PT J AU Evans, WJ Yoo, CS Lee, GW Cynn, H Lipp, MJ Visbeck, K AF Evans, William J. Yoo, Choong-Shik Lee, Geun Woo Cynn, Hyunchae Lipp, Magnus J. Visbeck, Ken TI Dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC): A novel device for studying the dynamic-pressure properties of materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVE COMPRESSION; WATER; EARTH AB We have developed a unique device, a dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which repetitively applies a time-dependent load/pressure profile to a sample. This capability allows studies of the kinetics of phase transitions and metastable phases at compression (strain) rates of up to 500 GPa/s (similar to 0.16 s(-1) for a metal). Our approach adapts electromechanical piezoelectric actuators to a conventional diamond anvil cell design, which enables precise specification and control of a time-dependent applied load/pressure. Existing DAC instrumentation and experimental techniques are easily adapted to the dDAC to measure the properties of a sample under the varying load/pressure conditions. This capability addresses the sparsely studied regime of dynamic phenomena between static research (diamond anvil cells and large volume presses) and dynamic shock-driven experiments (gas guns, explosive, and laser shock). We present an overview of a variety of experimental measurements that can be made with this device. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Evans, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wjevans@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 AR 073904 DI 10.1063/1.2751409 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 196MI UT WOS:000248486300040 PM 17672770 ER PT J AU Matias, V Gibbons, BJ AF Matias, Vladimir Gibbons, Brady J. TI Linear combinatorial approach to thin film research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; MGO FILMS; TEXTURE AB We describe high-throughput experimentation of film synthesis by use of a linear tape transport system (similar to a web-coating system). Metal tape is fed continuously in a reel-to-reel transport system inside the vacuum deposition chamber. Ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) texturing is used to enable the growth of epitaxial films on flexible, polycrystalline metal tapes which further enhances the capability of this research. The tape that is continuously fed can be used as a sample itself, via the use of IBAD-textured templates on the tape, or can be a carrier of other smaller substrates (even nonflexible ones). Characterization of samples is done by means of in situ monitoring as well as ex situ sequential analysis. We utilize in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction for high-throughput analysis of samples. Epitaxial films are deposited on heated samples by evaporation and by pulsed laser deposition. Here, we explain the techniques and the methodologies developed for this type of combinatorial experimentation and show some examples of the material research completed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fac Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlado@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 78 IS 7 AR 072206 DI 10.1063/1.2755776 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 196MI UT WOS:000248486300007 PM 17672737 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T Weidenmuller, HA AF Papenbrock, T. Weidenmueller, H. A. TI Colloquium: Random matrices and chaos in nuclear spectra SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; SHELL-MODEL; STATISTICAL THEORY; PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; COMPLEX SYSTEMS; ENSEMBLES AB Chaos occurs in quantum systems if the statistical properties of the eigenvalue spectrum coincide with predictions of random-matrix theory. Chaos is a typical feature of atomic nuclei and other self-bound Fermi systems. How can the existence of chaos be reconciled with the known dynamical features of spherical nuclei? Such nuclei are described by the shell model (a mean-field theory) plus a residual interaction. The question is answered using a statistical approach (the two-body random ensemble): The matrix elements of the residual interaction are taken to be random variables. Chaos is shown to be a generic feature of the ensemble and some of its properties are displayed, emphasizing those which differ from standard random-matrix theory. In particular, the existence of correlations among spectra carrying different quantum numbers is demonstrated. These are subject to experimental verification. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 39 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 79 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.79.997 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 201XX UT WOS:000248867000007 ER PT J AU Choi, YR Rack, PD Frost, B Joy, DC AF Choi, Young R. Rack, Philip D. Frost, Bernhard Joy, David C. TI Effect of electron beam-induced deposition and etching under bias SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE electron-beam-induced deposition; electron-beam-induced; etching; scanning electron microscope; precursor gas; secondary electron ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FOCUSED ION-BEAM; INSITU OBSERVATION; GROWTH-RATE; FABRICATION; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; PRECURSORS; FILMS AB Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) and etching (EBIE) provides a simple way to fabricate or etch submicron or nanoscale structures of various materials in a direct-write (i.e. nonlithographic) fashion. The growth rate or the etch rate are influenced by many factors such as beam energy, beam current, temperature of the substrate material, pressure of the chamber, and geometry of the gas injector etc. The mechanism of EBID and EBIE involves the interaction of the incident electron beam or emitted electron from the target material. The role of these electrons is still not completely understood although the contribution of low energy secondary electrons (SE) has been assumed to be the dominant contributor of EBID and EBIE based on its overlap with the dissociation cross section. We have studied the growth and etching phenomenon under various biasing conditions to investigate how low voltage biasing of the substrate affects secondary electron trajectories and subsequently modifies electron-beam-induced deposition and etching. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choi, YR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yrehoi@utk.edu OI Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0161-0457 EI 1932-8745 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1002/sca.20060 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 199YZ UT WOS:000248732400004 PM 17598177 ER PT J AU Woo, W Feng, Z Wang, XL Brown, DW Clausen, B An, K Choo, H Hubbard, CR David, SA AF Woo, W. Feng, Z. Wang, X.-L. Brown, D. W. Clausen, B. An, K. Choo, H. Hubbard, C. R. David, S. A. TI In situ neutron diffraction measurements of temperature and stresses during friction stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; aluminum alloy; thermal stress; neutron diffraction ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; MODEL; HISTORY; PROFILE AB The evolution of temperature and thermal stresses during friction stir welding of Al6061-T6 was investigated by means of in situ, time resolved neutron diffraction technique. A method was developed to deconvolute the temperature and stress from the lattice spacing changes measured by neutron diffraction. The deep penetration capability of neutrons made it possible for the first time to obtain the temperature and thermal stresses inside a friction stir weld. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Feng, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fengz@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; An, Ke/G-5226-2011; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; An, Ke/0000-0002-6093-429X; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; WOO, Wanchuck/0000-0003-0350-5357 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 23 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1179/174329307X197548 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 214GV UT WOS:000249725400003 ER PT J AU Feng, Z Wang, XL David, SA Sklad, PS AF Feng, Z. Wang, X.-L. David, S. A. Sklad, P. S. TI Modelling of residual stresses and property distributions in friction stir welds of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE friction stir welding; thermal-mechanical-metallurgical modeling; finite element method; aluminum alloy 6061; residual stress; HAZ softening ID MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH AB An integrated thermal - metallurgical - mechanical model is used to analyse and provide insights into the formation of the residual stress and the changes in microstructure and property of Al6061-T6 friction stir welds. The simulations were conducted by means of a three-dimensional finite element model that accounts for the phenomena of frictional heating, weld microstructure and strength changes due to dissolution and reprecipitation of the hardening precipitate particles, and the mechanical workpiece/tool contact during the friction stir welding ( FSW) process. The model predictions were confirmed by experimental measurement data from previous studies. For the friction stir welds investigated, it was found that the residual stress distribution is strongly dependent on the welding process parameters and the degree of material softening caused by welding. The recovery of material strength from natural aging does not increase the residual stress in the weld. The failure of friction stir weld under tensile load is controlled by the combination of the reduction in strength and the residual stresses in the heat affected zone ( HAZ). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feng, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fengz@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 37 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 26 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 12 IS 4 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1179/174329307X197610 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 214GV UT WOS:000249725400010 ER PT J AU Gao, YF Pharr, GM AF Gao, Y. F. Pharr, G. M. TI Multidimensional contact moduli of elastically anisotropic solids SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; normal and tangential contact moduli; anisotropic elasticity ID HALF-SPACES; INDENTATION MODULUS; DISLOCATIONS; STIFFNESS; HARDNESS; CRACKS AB Effective moduli of elastically anisotropic solids under normal and tangential contacts are derived using the Stroh formalism and the two-dimensional Fourier transform. Each Fourier component corresponds to a plane field in the plane spanned by the surface normal and a wavevector, the solution of which only involves an algebraic eigenvalue problem. Exact solutions are obtained for indenters described by parabolae of revolution, which are found to be-a good approximation for arbitrary axisymmetric indenters. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Dept, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, YF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X NR 15 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.03.020 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 170AJ UT WOS:000246632900004 ER PT J AU Velasco, AA Gee, VL Rowe, C Grujic, D Hollister, LS Hernandez, D Miller, KC Tobgay, T Fort, M Harder, S AF Velasco, A. A. Gee, V. L. Rowe, C. Grujic, D. Hollister, L. S. Hernandez, D. Miller, K. C. Tobgay, T. Fort, M. Harder, S. TI Using small, temporary seismic networks for investigating tectonic deformation: Brittle deformation and evidence for strike-slip faulting in Bhutan SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BENEATH SOUTHERN TIBET; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; HIMALAYAN TECTONICS; FOCAL DEPTHS; EARTHQUAKE; PLATEAU; EXTRUSION; LOCATION; INDIA; IDENTIFICATION AB We processed data from a small, five-station temporary seismic network deployed from January 2002 until March 2003 within the Kingdom of Bhutan. We detected, associated, and located approximately 2,100 teleseismic, regional, and local events; approximately 900 were not in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Data Report catalog. We supplemented our data for these 900 events with data from the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) stations in the region. After relocation of these events, we focused on approximately 175 events that occurred near or within the borders of Bhutan. We reviewed each solution, manually timing the P- and S-waves for each event, and inverted for event locations and an average 1-D velocity model for the region. Our model was tested with other models appropriate for the region. We found a high amount of microseismicity throughout southern Bhutan and almost no seismicity under northern Bhutan and southern Tibet. Our results showed that analysis of data from small in-country seismic networks resulted in new scientific findings. In this case, we found the crust under southern Bhutan brittlely deforming, and there was evidence for strike-slip faulting, supporting previous) results for the region. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Velasco, AA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM velasco@geo.utep.edu RI Miller, Kate/E-6800-2012; Velasco, Aaron/H-2666-2012; OI Grujic, Djordje/0000-0002-5833-8843 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1785/gssrl.78.4.446 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 187GI UT WOS:000247835200006 ER PT J AU Pacebutas, V Bertulis, K Dapkus, L Aleksejenko, G Krotkus, A Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Pacebutas, V. Bertulis, K. Dapkus, L. Aleksejenko, G. Krotkus, A. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. TI Characterization of low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs layers SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAASBI ALLOY; IN0.53GA0.47AS; GAAS1-XBIX AB GaBiAs layers with Bi content reaching 8.4% are grown by MBE technique at low temperatures. All layers were of p-type with carrier densities ranging from 3 x 10(14) to 2 x 10(15) cm(-3) and resistivities exceeding 60 Omega cm. Energy bandgap of the gallium bismide alloys as determined from spectral measurements of the optical absorption, photoconductivity and photoluminescence decreases linearly with increasing Bi content. Optical pump-terahertz probe measurements made on these layers show that the carrier density dynamics is best described by a double-exponential decay. The shorter of the time constants corresponds to the electron trapping and the longer time constant corresponds to the trap emptying times. It has been found that the electron trapping cross-section is of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding parameter for As-antisite traps in LTG GaAs; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that As antisites play a significant role in carrier recombination processes in GaBiAs, too. C1 Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pacebutas, V (reprint author), Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 819 EP 823 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/22/7/026 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 180XJ UT WOS:000247401000026 ER PT J AU Lowrie, RB Rauenzahn, RM AF Lowrie, Robert B. Rauenzahn, Rick M. TI Radiative shock solutions in the equilibrium diffusion limit SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE radiative shocks; radiation hydrodynamics; code verification ID HYDRODYNAMICS; WAVES AB A semi-analytic solution is described for planar radiative shock waves in the equilibrium diffusion (1-T) limit. The solution requires finding numerically the root of a polynomial and integrating a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. This solution may be used as a test problem to verify computer codes that use the equilibrium-diffusion radiation model, or for more advanced radiation models in the optically-thick limit. The structure of the shock profiles is also discussed, including new accurate estimates on the conditions for continuous solutions. We also discuss how the Zel'dovich spike may be estimated from the equilibrium diffusion solution. Finally, results from a computer code are shown to compare well with a semi-analytic solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lowrie, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, MS B216,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lowrie@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s00193-007-0081-2 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 189HB UT WOS:000247978900004 ER PT J AU Raghavachar, K Mahinthakumar, GK Worley, P Zechman, E Ranjithan, R AF Raghavachar, Kavitha Mahinthakumar, G. Kumar Worley, Patrick Zechman, Emily Ranjithan, Ranji TI Parallel performance modeling using a genetic programming-based error correction procedure SO SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE error correction procedure; genetic programming; performance modeling AB Performance models of high performance computing (HPC) applications are important for several reasons. First, they provide insight to designers of HPC systems on the role of subsystems such as the processor or the network in determining application performance. Second, they allow HPC centers more accurately to target procurements to resource requirements. Third, they can be used to identify application performance bottlenecks and to provide insights about scalability issues. The suitability of a performance model, however, for a particular performance investigation is a function of both the accuracy and the cost of the model. A semi-empirical model previously published by the authors for an astrophysics application was shown to be inaccurate when predicting communication cost for large numbers of processors. It is hypothesized that this deficiency is due to the inability of the model adequately to capture communication contention (threshold effects) as well as other unmodeled components such as noise and 1/0 contention. In this paper we present a new approach to capture these unknown features to improve the predictive capabilities of the model. This approach uses a systematic model error-correction procedure that uses evolutionary algorithms to find an error correction term to augment the existing model. Four variations of this procedure were investigated and all were shown to produce better results than the original model. Successful cross-platform application of this approach showed that it adequately captures machine dependent characteristics. This approach was then successfully demonstrated for a second application, further showing its versatility. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Raghavachar, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept CCEE, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kraghav@ncsu.edu; gmkumar@ncsu.edu; worleyph@ornl.gov; ezechman@civil.tamu.edu; ranji@ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMUL-T SOC MOD SIM JI Simul.-Trans. Soc. Model. Simul. Int. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 83 IS 7 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1177/0037549707084691 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 236BW UT WOS:000251279000003 ER PT J AU Mao, Y Park, TJ Zhang, F Zhou, H Wong, SS AF Mao, Yuanbing Park, Tae-Jin Zhang, Fen Zhou, Hongjun Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Environmentally friendly methodologies of nanostructure synthesis SO SMALL LA English DT Review DE green chemistry; hydrothermal synthesis; molten-salt synthesis; nanostructures; template synthesis ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BI2TI2O7 THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE SOLUTION SYNTHESIS; BARIUM FLUORIDE NANOPARTICLES; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; MOLTEN-SALT SYNTHESIS; LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; RUTILE SNO2 NANORODS; ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS AB Environmentally friendly synthetic methodologies have gradually been implemented as viable techniques in the synthesis of a range of nanostructures. In this work, we focus on the application of green-chemistry principles to the synthesis of complex metal oxide and fluoride nanostructures. In particular, we describe advances in the use of the molten-salt synthetic methods, hydrothermal protocols, and template-directed techniques as environmentally sound, socially responsible, and cost-effective methodologies that allow us to generate nanomaterials without the need to sacrifice sample quality, purity, and crystallinity, while allowing control over size, shape, and morphology. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Zhang, Fen/G-5015-2010; Zhou, Hongjun/A-1304-2011; Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009 NR 198 TC 191 Z9 194 U1 18 U2 168 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1122 EP 1139 DI 10.1002/smll.200700048 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 187PE UT WOS:000247859400003 PM 17554768 ER PT J AU He, J Zhang, Q Gupta, S Emrick, T Russell, TR Thiyagarajan, P AF He, Jinbo Zhang, Qingling Gupta, Suresh Emrick, Todd Russell, Thomas R. Thiyagarajan, Pappannan TI Drying droplets: A window into the behavior of nanorods at interfaces SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE interfaces; nanorods; packing; self-assembly ID LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; FLUID INTERFACES; CROSS-LINKING; SHAPE; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Emrick, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tsemrick@mail.pse.umass.edu; russell@mail.pse.umass.edu RI He, Jinbo/B-1445-2010 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUL PY 2007 VL 3 IS 7 BP 1214 EP 1217 DI 10.1002/smll.200700055 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 187PE UT WOS:000247859400018 PM 17546580 ER PT J AU Causarano, HJ Shaw, JN Franzluebbers, AJ Reeves, DW Raper, RL Balkcom, KS Norfleet, ML Izaurralde, RC AF Causarano, Hector J. Shaw, Joey N. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Reeves, D. Wayne Raper, Randy L. Balkcom, Kipling S. Norfleet, M. Lee Izaurralde, R. Cesar TI Simulating field-scale soil organic carbon dynamics using EPIC SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MODEL CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; LANDSCAPE; EROSION; PRODUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT AB Simulation models integrate our knowledge of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics and are useful tools for evaluating impacts of crop management on soil C sequestration; yet, they require local calibration. Our objectives were to calibrate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model, and evaluate its performance for simulating SOC fractions as affected by soil landscape and management. An automated parameter optimization procedure was used to calibrate the model for a site-specific experiment in the Coastal Plain of central Alabama. The ability of EPIC to predict corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and SOC dynamics on different soil landscape positions (summit, sideslope, and drainageway) during the initial period of conservation tillage adoption (5 yr) was evaluated using regression and mean squared deviations. Simulated yield explained 88% of measured yield variation, with the greatest disagreement on the sideslope position and the greatest agreement in the drainageway. Simulations explained approximately 1, 34, and 40% of the total variation in microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC), and total organic C (TOC), respectively. The lowest errors in TOC simulations (0-20 cm) were found on the sideslope and summit. We conclude that the automated parameterization was generally successful, although further work is needed to refine the MBC and POC fractions, and to improve EPIC predictions of SOC dynamics with depth. Overall, EPIC was sensitive to spatial differences in C fractions that resulted from differing soil landscape positions. The model needs additional refinement for accurate simulations of field-scale SOC dynamics affected by short-term management decisions. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conserv Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA, NRCS, Temple, TX 76501 USA. Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Causarano, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 126,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hector.Causarano@ars.usda.gov RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1174 EP 1185 DI 10.2136/sssaj2006.0356 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 191AW UT WOS:000248103200011 ER PT J AU Bostwick, A Ohta, T McChesney, JL Seyller, T Horn, K Rotenberg, E AF Bostwick, Aaron Ohta, Taisuke McChesney, Jessica L. Seyller, Thomas Horn, Karsten Rotenberg, Eli TI Renormalization of graphene bands by many-body interactions SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE graphene; electronic band structure ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BACK SCATTERING; SURFACE-STATE; BERRYS PHASE; GRAPHITE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ENERGY; GAS AB We have determined the electronic bandstructure of clean and potassium-doped single layer graphene, and fitted the graphene pi bands to a first- and third-nearest-neighbor tight binding model. We characterized the quasiparticle dynamics using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The dynamics reflect the decay of quasiparticles (holes) into collective excitations, namely plasmons, phonons, and electron-hole pairs. Electron-hole pair decay is found to be a minimum at the Dirac energy E(D) while electron-plasmon scattering is maximum around the same energy. Taking the topology of the bands around the Dirac energy for n-doped graphene into account, we show that these results follow from kinematic constraints imposed by graphene's gapless energy spectrum around the Dirac energy. We also show that the electron-phonon scattering in lightly doped graphene is around 6 times larger than the predictions of published calculations. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Mol Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Lehrstuhl Tech Phys, Inst Phys Kondensierten Materie, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM erotenberg@lbl.gov RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Seyller, Thomas/F-8410-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Seyller, Thomas/0000-0002-4953-2142; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 52 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.034 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 188VJ UT WOS:000247947100011 ER PT J AU Meyer, JC Geim, AK Katsnelson, MI Novoselov, KS Obergfell, D Roth, S Girit, C Zettl, A AF Meyer, J. C. Geim, A. K. Katsnelson, M. I. Novoselov, K. S. Obergfell, D. Roth, S. Girit, C. Zettl, A. TI On the roughness of single- and bi-layer graphene membranes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE thin films; nanofabrication; transmission electron microscopy; mechanical properties ID POLYMERIZED MEMBRANES; CRYSTALLINE; SCATTERING; MODELS; FILMS; ORDER AB We present a detailed transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction study of the thinnest possible membrane, a single layer of carbon atoms suspended in vacuum and attached only at its edges. Membranes consisting of two graphene layers are also reported. We find that the membranes exhibit random microscopic curvature that is strongest in single-layer membranes. A direct visualization of the roughness is presented for two-layer membranes where we used the variation of diffracted intensities with the local orientation of the membrane. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Ctr Mesosci & Nanotechnol, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Meyer, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 366 Le Conte Hall,MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM email@jannikmeyer.de RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Meyer, Jannik/H-8541-2012; Geim, Andre/J-7888-2012; Girit, Caglar/D-4845-2014; Novoselov, Kostya/G-9581-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Meyer, Jannik/0000-0003-4023-0778; Geim, Andre/0000-0003-2861-8331; Girit, Caglar/0000-0001-8953-9261; Novoselov, Kostya/0000-0003-4972-5371; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 26 TC 288 Z9 304 U1 22 U2 223 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.02.047 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 188VJ UT WOS:000247947100016 ER PT J AU Markov, A Biberin, VI Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Gavrin, VN Kalikhov, AV Kozlova, JP Veretenkin, EP Bowles, TJ AF Markov, A. V. Biberin, V. I. Polyakov, A. Y. Smirnov, N. B. Govorkov, A. V. Gavrin, V. N. Kalikhov, A. V. Kozlova, J. P. Veretenkin, E. P. Bowles, T. J. TI Synthesis solute diffusion growth of bulk GaAs: Effects of growth temperature and stoichiometry SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE synthesis solute diffusion technique; GaAs; deep traps; compensation ID DEEP LEVELS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATION DETECTORS; PARTICLE DETECTORS; CRYSTALS; TRAPS AB Bulk GaAs crystals were grown by synthesis solute diffusion (SSD) technique in a wide range of growth temperatures between 990 and 1150 degrees C. Electrical properties of these crystals were studied by means of van der Pauw, admittance spectroscopy, deep levels transient spectroscopy and photoinduced current spectroscopy techniques. It was shown that the main defects determining the properties were the GaAs antisites acceptors and the A center acceptors with the levels, respectively, E-v +0.078 eV and E-v +0.43 eV. The conductivity of the grown crystals was p-type and showed a pronounced maximum at a level of 10(4)-10(5) Omega cm for growth temperatures between 1020 and 1080 degrees C. If the crystals were additionally compensated either by unintentional Si donors contamination from quartz crucibles or by intentional light Te doping one could get semi-insulating material with the room temperature resistivity higher than 10(6) Omega cm. The Fermi level in such crystals was pinned near E-c -0.8 eV, i.e. close to the EL2 donors. Measurements by deep levels transient spectroscopy on n-type doped crystals or by low frequency capacitance-voltage on semi-insulating crystals showed that the density of EL2 in these samples was in the low 10(14) cm(-3) and that thus the EL2 donors were not the main compensating agents. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rare Metals, Moscow 119017, Russia. RAS, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Inst Rare Metals, B Tolmachevsky 5, Moscow 119017, Russia. EM polyakov@girmet.ru RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2007.05.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 205UJ UT WOS:000249139800008 ER PT J AU Levy, MR Stanek, CR Chroneos, A Grimes, RW AF Levy, Mark R. Stanek, Christopher R. Chroneos, Alexander Grimes, Robin W. TI Defect chemistry of doped bixbyite oxides SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Structure-Property Relationships in Solid State Materials CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE DE defect energies; atomistic simulation; oxides; rare earth; bixbyite; scintillators ID LU2O3-EU CERAMIC SCINTILLATORS; HOLE TRAPS; DISORDER; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; RADIOLUMINESCENCE; SESQUIOXIDES; IMPURITIES; AFTERGLOW; DIVALENT; CRYSTALS AB Activated bixbyite oxides (e.g. Eu:LU2O3) are being considered as radiation detectors. In an attempt to improve their optical efficiency and decrease afterglow, these compounds have been doped with aliovalent cations. Here, atomistic scale computer simulation has been used to predict the defect processes associated with the solution of extrinsic divalent and tetravalent ions. These calculations provide a mechanistic framework through which it is possible to identify how specitic doping schemes modify the populations of defects that could influence scintillator performance. A change in solution site preference is predicted for both divalent and tetravalent solutions as a function of dopant and host lattice cation radii. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Microelect, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. EM r.grimes@ic.ac.uk OI Chroneos, Alex/0000-0002-2558-495X NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 SI SI BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2007.02.009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 207IX UT WOS:000249245900005 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Wilson-Short, GB Kasinathan, D Suewattana, M Fornari, M AF Singh, D. J. Wilson-Short, G. B. Kasinathan, D. Suewattana, M. Fornari, M. TI Electronic structure and disorder in Na(x)CoO2 and SrRh2O4 SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Structure-Property Relationships in Solid State Materials CY JUN 27-30, 2006 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE DE electronic structure; fermi surface; NaxCoO2; SrRh2O4; disorder ID NAXCOO2; LAYERS AB We discuss the electronic structure of NaCoO2 from the point of view of first principles electronic structure calculations. The band structure contains low spin Co ions, with average charge 5 + x leading to a nearly full CO t(2g) manifold. The bands corresponding to this manifold are narrow and separated from the O 2p bands and from the e(g) bands, which are also narrow. There are two main sheets of Fermi surface, a large section derived from a(g) symmetry states and small hole pockets. We find significant effects due to Na disorder on these small sections, with the result that they should be localized. This is discussed in relation to recent photoemission experiments. For comparison, we present a virtual crystal band structure of beta-SrRh2O4. Like NaCoO2 it shows a large crystal field gap between narrow t(2g) and e(g) manifolds, but because of its stoichiometry is a semiconductor rather than a high carrier density metal. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-6032, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM singhdj@oml.gov RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Kasinathan, Deepa/M-8825-2015 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; Kasinathan, Deepa/0000-0002-9063-6867 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 SI SI BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2007.03.008 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 207IX UT WOS:000249245900008 ER PT J AU Koppole, S Smith, JC Fischer, S AF Koppole, Sampath Smith, Jeremy C. Fischer, Stefan TI The structural coupling between ATPase activation and recovery stroke in the myosin II motor SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MUSCLE-CONTRACTION; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS; SOLVATION MODEL; DICTYOSTELIUM; MECHANISM; DOMAIN; HYDROLYSIS; SIMULATION; RESOLUTION AB Before the myosin motor head can perform the next power stroke, it undergoes a large conformational transition in which the converter domain, bearing the lever arm, rotates similar to 65 degrees. Simultaneous with this "recovery stroke," myosin activates its ATPase function by closing the Switch-2 loop over the bound ATP. This coupling between the motions of the converter domain and of the 40 A-distant Switch-2 loop is essential to avoid unproductive ATP hydrolysis. The coupling mechanism is determined here by finding a series of optimized intermediates between crystallographic end structures of the recovery stroke (Dictyostelium discoideum), yielding movies of the transition at atomic detail. The successive formation of two hydrogen bonds by the Switch-2 loop is correlated with the successive see-saw motions of the relay and SH1 helices that hold the converter domain. SH1 helix and Switch-2 loop communicate via a highly conserved loop that wedges against the SH1-helix upon Switch-2 closing. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Fischer, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, One Bethel Valley Rd,PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stefan.fischer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 54 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUL PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 825 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.str.2007.06.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 192LC UT WOS:000248202300010 PM 17637343 ER PT J AU Darling, SB AF Darling, S. B. TI Mechanism for hierarchical self-assembly of nanoparticles on scaffolds derived from block copolymers SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on NANO-Structures Self Assembling CY JUL 02-06, 2006 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE DE atomic force microscopy; electron microscopy; self-assembly; hierarchical assembly; block copolymers; nanostructures; cadmium selenide; iron platinum ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; FEPT NANOPARTICLES; CONFINEMENT; MIXTURES; NANOCRYSTALS; ORGANIZATION; ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; MONOLAYERS AB Lithographically patterned substrates can direct the self-assembly of block copolymer films into aligned structures that, in turn, template the self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles. Deposition on pristine diblock copolymer films does not lead to reproducible selective decoration, but films modified to have nanoscale corrugation act as scaffolds for highly selective nanoparticle adsorption. The mechanism for this selectivity relies on the lateral forces inherent to spin casting to remove all of the nanoparticle suspension not confined within the nanoscopic trenches. This technique does not rely on interactions between the surfactant capping molecules and the polymer and is therefore general to a wide class of nanoparticle materials. Prospects to obtain long-range ordering and associated potential applications are discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 601 IS 13 BP 2555 EP 2561 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2006.11.052 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 190AM UT WOS:000248030100003 ER PT J AU Giocondi, JL Salvador, PA Rohrer, GS AF Giocondi, Jennifer L. Salvador, Paul A. Rohrer, Gregory S. TI The origin of photochemical anisotropy in SrTiO3 SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Meeting of the North-American-Catalysis-Society (NAM) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP N Amer Catalysis Soc DE photochemistry; SrTiO3; anisotropy; electronic structure ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REDUCTION REACTIONS; TIO2 PARTICLES; CRYSTAL FACES; SURFACES; OXIDATION AB Photochemical reactions that deposit insoluble products on catalytic surfaces have been used to probe the anisotropy of the reactivity of SrTiO3 microcrystals. Both reduced and oxidized products are formed preferentially on {100} surfaces. It is proposed that the anisotropic photochemical reactivity can be explained by the electronic band structure. Because direct optical transitions for charge carriers having momentum vectors in the < 100 > direction overlap well with the spectral distribution of the absorbed photons, more photogenerated carriers are moving toward {100} surfaces than other surfaces and, as a result, {100} surfaces are more active. Knowledge of the electronic band structure and the spectral distribution of the light allows predictions to be made about the anisotropic reactivity of photocatalysts with other crystal structures. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rohrer, GS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gr20@andrew.cmu.edu RI Salvador, Paul/A-9435-2011; Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008 OI Salvador, Paul/0000-0001-7106-0017; Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034 NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1007/s11244-006-0101-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 193WY UT WOS:000248307100007 ER PT J AU Bares, JA Sumant, AV Grierson, DS Carpick, RW Sridharan, K AF Bares, Jason A. Sumant, Anirudha V. Grierson, David S. Carpick, Robert W. Sridharan, Kumar TI Small amplitude reciprocating wear performance of diamond-like carbon films: dependence of film composition and counterface material SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE small amplitude reciprocating wear; diamond-like carbon films; plasma; friction ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOURCE ION-IMPLANTATION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; HARD COATINGS; FRETTING WEAR; DLC COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; FRICTION; STEEL; MODEL AB Small amplitude (50 pm) reciprocating wear of hydrogen-containing diamond-like carbon (DLC) films of different compositions has been examined against silicon nitride and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) counter-surfaces, and compared with the performance of an uncoated steel substrate. Three films were studied: a DLC film of conventional composition, a fluorine-containing DLC film (F-DLC), and silicon-containing DLC film. The films were deposited on steel substrates from plasmas of organic precursor gases using the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIII D) process, which allows for the non-line-of-sight deposition of films with tailored compositions. The amplitude of the resistive frictional force during the reciprocating wear experiments was monitored in situ, and the magnitude of film damage due to wear was evaluated using optical microscopy, optical profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. Wear debris was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In terms of friction, the DLC and silicon-containing DLC films performed exceptionally well, showing friction coefficients less than 0.1 for both PMMA and silicon nitride counter-surfaces. DLC and silicon-containing DLC films also showed significant reductions in transfer of PMMA compared with the uncoated steel. The softer F-DLC film performed similarly well against PMMA, but against silicon nitride, friction displayed nearly periodic variations indicative of cyclic adhesion and release of worn film material during the wear process. The results demonstrate that the PIIID films achieve the well-known advantageous performance of other DLC films, and furthermore that the film performance can be significantly affected by the addition of dopants. In addition to the well-established reduction of friction and wear that DLC films generally provide, we show here that another property, low adhesiveness with PMMA, is another significant benefit in the use of DLC films. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sridharan, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kumar@engr.wisc.edu NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 27 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s11249-007-9209-x PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 181GX UT WOS:000247426300010 ER PT J AU Edenborn, HM Severson, D AF Edenborn, Harry M. Severson, Dessie TI Characterization of waste tar associated with abandoned wood chemical plant sites in northwest Pennsylvania, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE cresols; DNAPL; phenols; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; wood tar; 2,4-xylenol ID COAL-TAR; WATER; DISSOLUTION; POLLUTANTS; HEMLOCK AB Over 70 wood chemical plants operated in northern Pennsylvania between ca. 1890 and 1950, all located within 72 km of the New York state border. Their original purpose was to salvage the small unwanted hardwood trees left behind by the lumber mills, and to make charcoal, calcium acetate and methanol for a number of industrial uses via destructive distillation. At many old wood chemical plant sites, unknown quantities of wood tar remain as a residual contaminant and pose a pollution threat to aquatic life in nearby streams. Research on the composition and properties of residual wood tars from five abandoned industrial sites in Pennsylvania are described. Weathered wood tars were more viscous and contained fewer volatile and semivolatile organic compounds than did soil-buried tars. Phenol, 2-methylphenol (o-cresol), 4-methylphenol (p-cresol), and 2, 4-dimethylphenol were found in all sampled tars. These water-soluble phenolic compounds were released quasi-instantaneously in aqueous solution, followed by a slower rate of release, consistent with the behavior of similar compounds in other dense non-aqueous liquids. Air-exposed wood tar deposits developed a hard crust, which contained fewer volatiles and semivolatiles and had a higher softening point than other samples. These tars eroded to form a powdered soil colonized by lichens and mosses. Residual wood tar material found at one site was shown to be thermally altered, likely during the historical destruction of the chemical plant by fire. Recovered wood tar wastes have a relatively high heating value and may have use as a potential, but limited, alternate energy source. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh Bradford, Dept Biol, Allegheny Inst Nat Hist, Bradford, PA 16701 USA. RP Edenborn, HM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, MS 84-108,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM edenborn@netl.doe.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 183 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s11270-007-9382-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 180UR UT WOS:000247392100029 ER PT J AU Komlos, J Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM Jaffe, PR AF Komlos, John Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Zachara, John M. Jaffe, Peter R. TI Biostimulation of iron reduction and subsequent oxidation of sediment containing Fe-silicates and Fe-oxides: Effect of redox cycling on Fe(III) bioreduction SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron; reduction; oxidation; Fe-silicates; cycling; manganese ID IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; MANGANESE; FERRIHYDRITE; URANIUM; BIOTRANSFORMATION; TRANSFORMATION AB Sediment containing a mixture of iron (Fe)-phases, including Fe-oxides (mostly Al-goethite) and Fe-silicates (illites and vermiculite) was bioreduced in a long-term flow through column experiment followed by re-oxidation with dissolved oxygen. The objective of this study was (a) to determine the nature of the re-oxidized Fe(III), and (b) to determine how redox cycling of Fe would affect subsequent Fe(III)-bioavailability. In addition, the effect of Mn on Fe(III) reduction was explored.Fe-57-Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements showed that biostimulation resulted in partial reduction (20%) of silicate Fe(III) to silicate Fe(II) while the reduction of goethite was negligible. Furthermore, the reduction of Fe in the sediment was uniform throughout the column. When, after biostimulation, 3900 pore volumes of a solution containing dissolved oxygen was pumped through the column over a period of 81 days, approximately 46% of the reduced silicate Fe(II) was re-oxidized to silicate Fe(III). The Mossbauer spectra of the re-oxidized sample were similar to that of pristine sediment implying that Fe-mineralogy of the re-oxidized sediment was mineralogically similar to that of the pristine sediment. In accordance to this, batch experiments showed that Fe(III) reduction occurred at a similar rate although time until Fe(II) buildup started was longer in the pristine sediment than re-oxidized sediment under identical seeding conditions. This was attributed to oxidized Mn that acted as a temporary redox buffer in the pristine sediment. The oxidized Mn was transformed to Mn(II) during bioreduction but, unlike silicate Fe(II), was not re-oxidized when exposed to oxygen. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jaffe, PR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jkomlos@princeton.edu; Ravi.Kukkadapu@pnl.gov; john.zachara@pnl.gov; jaffe@princeton.edu NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2996 EP 3004 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.019 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 190OE UT WOS:000248067700017 PM 17467035 ER PT J AU Hand, MM Balas, MJ AF Hand, M. Maureen Balas, Mark J. TI Blade load mitigation control design for a wind turbine operating in the path of vortices SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE wind turbines; state-space control; disturbance accommodating control; load mitigation ID REDUCTION AB As wind turbine rotor size continues to increase, load mitigation becomes an important control objective. Turbines with hub heights of nearly 100 m operate in the stable, nocturnal boundary layer where coherent turbulence can be generated by atmospheric phenomena outside the surface layer. These coherent turbulent structures may contribute to blade fatigue loads that can be mitigated with advanced control algorithms. Disturbance accommodating control (DAC) methods were implemented in a wind turbine structural dynamics simulation code to mitigate transient blade load response induced by a simple, Rankine vortex in the inflow. As a best-case scenario, a full-state feedback controller (which included a very detailed disturbance model) showed that blade flap damage equivalent load caused by the vortex passing through the rotor could be reduced by 30% compared to one that resulted from simulation of a typical proportional-integral (PI) controller. A realizable DAC controller that incorporates only the vertical shear component of the vortex reduced loads by 9% compared to that resulting from simulation of a Pl controller. The load reduction was even greater when the vortex was superimposed over full-held, homogeneous turbulence. DAC methods have the flexibility to incorporate properties of coherent turbulent inflow structures in the controller design to mitigate blade fatigue loads. Further work must be done to develop disturbance models as more details about the turbulent structures are identified Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hand, MM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maureen_hand@nrel.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1095-4244 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1002/we.225 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 198NE UT WOS:000248634000004 ER PT J AU Zhu, HG Ma, Z Clark, JC Pan, ZW Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Zhu, Haoguo Ma, Zhen Clark, Jason C. Pan, Zhengwei Overbury, Steven H. Dai, Sheng TI Low-temperature CO oxidation on Au/fumed SiO2-based catalysts prepared from Au(en)(2)Cl-3 precursor SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE gold catalysis; nanoparticles; CO oxidation; silica; Au(en)(2)Cl-3 ID SUPPORTED GOLD CATALYSTS; MESOPOROUS SILICA MATERIALS; AU CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ACTIVE GOLD; NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TIO2; AU/TIO2; PARTICLES AB Many gold catalysts have been actively surveyed, but Au/SiO2 catalysts that are highly active for CO oxidation still remain evasive. In this work, bold nanoparticles well dispersed on Cab-O-Sil fumed SiO2 were prepared using Au(en)(2)Cl-3 (en = ethylenediamine) as the precursor, and found to be very active for CO oxidation below 0 degrees C. The catalyst pretreatment via reduction and calcination, effect of gold loading, post-treatment in acidic and basic media, catalyst deactivation, storage, regeneration, and effect of surface modification by other metal oxides were explored. The results provide new perspective on the activation and promotion of active Au/SiO2-based catalysts. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@oml.gov RI Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 80 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X EI 1873-3875 J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 326 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.04.004 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186XT UT WOS:000247812600011 ER PT J AU Meserole, CA Fisher, GL Hilton, DJ Averitt, RD Funk, DJ Taylor, AJ AF Meserole, C. A. Fisher, G. L. Hilton, D. J. Averitt, R. D. Funk, D. J. Taylor, A. J. TI Growth of thin Fe(001) films for terahertz emission experiments SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; thin films; iron; magnesium oxide; terahertz ID AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; HE-ATOM SCATTERING; EPITAXIAL FE FILMS; OPTICAL RECTIFICATION; MGO(001) SURFACE; ULTRATHIN FE; METAL-FILMS; IRON; AES; MGO AB The electrical and magnetic properties of thin iron (Fe) films have sparked significant scientific interest. Our interest, however, is in the fundamental interactions between light and matter. We have discovered a novel application for thin Fe films. These films are sources of terahertz (THz) radiation when stimulated by an incident laser pulse. After intense femtosecond pulse excitation by a Ti:sapphire laser, these films emit picosecond, broadband THz frequencies. The terahertz emission provides a direct measure of the induced ultrafast change in magnetization within the Fe film. The THz generation experiments and the growth of appropriate thin Fe films for these experiments are discussed. Several criteria are used to select the substrate and film growth conditions, including that the substrate must permit the epitaxial growth of a continuous, monocrystalline or single crystal film, yet must also be transparent to the emitted THz radiation. An Fe(0 0 1) film grown on the (0 0 1) surface of a magnesium oxide (MgO) substrate makes an ideal sample. The Fe films are grown by physical vapor deposition (PVD) in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are used to characterize the Fe(0 0 1) films. Two substrate surface preparation methods are investigated. Fe(0 0 1) films grown on MgO(0 0 1) substrates that are used as-received and films grown on MO(0 0 1) substrates that have been UV/ozone-cleaned ex vacuo and annealed in vacuo produce the same results in the THz generation experiments. Either substrate preparation method permits the growth of samples suitable for the THz emission experiments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funk, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST CINT, POB 1663,MS P918, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djf@lanl.gov RI Hilton, David/E-4929-2010 NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 17 BP 6992 EP 7003 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.029 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 187SC UT WOS:000247867700002 ER PT J AU Li, M Zhao, XZ Ma, B Dorris, SE Balachandran, U Maroni, VA AF Li, Meiya Zhao, Xingzhong Ma, B. Dorris, S. E. Balachandran, U. Maroni, V. A. TI Effect of CeO2 buffer layer thickness on the structures and properties of YBCO coated conductors SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cerium oxide; thickness effect; biaxial textures; YBCO coated conductors; laser ablation ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; POWER APPLICATIONS; MGO; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORIENTATION AB Biaxially textured YBa2CU3O7-x, (YBCO) films were grown on inclined-substrate-deposited (ISD) MgO-textured metal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. CeO2 was deposited as a buffer layer prior to YBCO growth. CeO2 layers of different thickness were prepared to evaluate the thickness dependence of the YBCO films. The biaxial alignment features of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction 2 theta-scans, pole-figure, phi-scans and rocking curves of Omega angles. The significant influence of the CeO2 thickness on the structure and properties of the YBCO films were demonstrated and the optimal thickness was found to be about 10 nm. High values of T-c = 91 K and J(c) = 5.5 x 10(5) A/cm(2) were obtained on YBCO films with optimal CeO2 thickness at 77 K in zero field. The possible mechanisms responsible for the dependence of the structure and the properties of the YBCO films on the thickness of the CeO2 buffer layers are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B. V.. All rights reserved. C1 Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Acoust & Photon Mat & Device, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM myli@whu.edu.cn RI Zhao, Xing-Zhong/A-8671-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 17 BP 7172 EP 7177 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.186 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 187SC UT WOS:000247867700032 ER PT J AU Park, Y Nyblade, AA Rodgers, AJ Al-Amri, A AF Park, Yongcheol Nyblade, Andrew A. Rodgers, Arthur J. Al-Amri, Abdullah TI Upper mantle structure beneath the Arabian Peninsula and northern Red Sea from teleseismic body wave tomography: Implications for the origin of Cenozoic uplift and volcanism in the Arabian Shield SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE body wave velocity; tomography; mantle plume; Arabian Shield; seismology : tomography; tectonophysics : dynamics : convection currents and mantle plumes; seismology : body waves ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; SAUDI-ARABIA; EAST-AFRICA; RIFT MODELS; PLATE AB [1] Upper mantle structure between 150 and 400 km depth is imaged beneath the Arabian Shield and northern Red Sea by modeling P and S traveltime residuals from teleseismic events recorded on the Saudi Arabia National Digital Seismic Network, the 1995 - 1997 Saudi Arabian PASSCAL experiment, and three permanent stations (RAYN, EIL, and MRNI). Relative traveltime residuals were obtained using a multichannel cross-correlation method and inverted for upper mantle structure using VanDecar's inversion method. The resulting images reveal a low-velocity region ( similar to 1.5% for the P model and similar to 3% for the S model) trending NW - SE along the western side of the Arabian Shield and broadening to the northeast beneath the Makkah-Madinah-Nafud volcanic line. We attribute the low velocities to a mantle thermal anomaly that could be as large as 330 K and that is associated with the Cenozoic uplift of and volcanic centers on the Shield. Our tomographic images are not consistent with models invoking separate mantle upwellings beneath the northern and southern regions of the Shield and instead favor single plume or superplume models. We also find little evidence for low velocities beneath the northern Red Sea, suggesting that there might not be a geodynamic link between rifting in the Red Sea and plateau uplift and volcanism in the Shield. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. King Saud Univ, Dept Geol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, Seism Studies Ctr, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 444 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ypark@geosc.psu.edu RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011 NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q06021 DI 10.1029/2006GC001566 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 184ZB UT WOS:000247680000003 ER PT J AU Shankar, PS Natesan, K AF Shankar, P. S. Natesan, K. TI Efffect of trace impurities in helium on the creep behavior of Alloy 617 for very high temperature reactor applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SERVICE ENVIRONMENTS; METALLIC MATERIALS; RUPTURE PROPERTIES; INCONEL-617; 1000-DEGREES-C; CORROSION AB The effect of trace impurities, methane and oxygen, in helium on the creep behavior of Alloy 617, has been investigated. The creep rupture life at relatively low applied stresses was shortest in a helium environment containing 500 vppm oxygen (He + O-2), while it was the longest in helium containing 675 vppm methane (He + CH4). However, the rupture strain was significantly lower in the He + CH4 environment compared to that in pure helium (He) and He + O-2. The low rupture strain in the He + CH4 is caused by cleavage fracture. In the He + CH4 environment, the fracture mode was cleavage at lower applied stresses and ductile at higher applied stresses while in the He and He + O-2, a ductile fracture was observed at all stress levels. The apparent activation energy for creep was determined in all three environments, and it appears to be independent of stress in the He, dependent in the He + CH4, while in the He + O-2, environment the stress dependence could not be conclusively established. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shankar@anl.gov; natesan@anl.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.028 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184OX UT WOS:000247652500003 ER PT J AU Niu, FL Candalino, R Li, N AF Niu, Fenglei Candalino, Robert Li, Ning TI Effect of oxygen on fouling behavior in lead-bismuth coolant systems SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB This experimental research investigates the effects of the oxygen in lead-bismuth eutectic on fouling. The analysis was carried out by performing three tests with different oxygen concentration on the recuperator where the heat transfer rate is susceptible to fouling, and introducing a correlation for the fouling factor. The comparison of fouling factors obtained with each oxygen level is presented, the relationship between fouling factors and oxygen concentrations is correlated, and the effects of oxidation on heat transfer are demonstrated qualitatively by wetting conditions of the samples. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Niu, FL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fniu@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.223 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184OX UT WOS:000247652500017 ER PT J AU Ravat, B Oudot, B Baclet, N AF Ravat, B. Oudot, B. Baclet, N. TI Study by XRD of the lattice swelling of PuGa alloys induced by self-irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; DEGREES K; GALLIUM; PHASE; AUTOIRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE; CONTRACTION; ABSORPTION; SYSTEM AB Plutonium aging leads to the creation of decay products, such as americium, uranium and helium and self-irradiation defects such as vacancies, vacancy clusters, self-interstitials and helium bubbles. As these self-irradiation defects accumulate in plutonium-gallium alloys, the lattice parameters of the material change. Thus, this work is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the lattice parameter changes, such as kinetics and amplitude, as a function of self-irradiation dose for non-homogenized and homogenized samples. The results have shown no incubation time before the beginning of lattice swelling. Moreover, whereas the lattice swelling amplitude seems to be influenced by the gallium segregation to the border of grain in non-homogenized samples, it is not strongly influenced by the gallium concentration. An average lattice parameter increase of about 4.5 x 10(-3) angstrom is observed for homogenized alloys at saturation. This equilibrium is achieved after a dose of 0.1 dpa. A discussion of possible causes leading to these observations and their effects is presented. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, Ctr Valduc, F-21120 Is sur Tille, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94577 USA. RP Ravat, B (reprint author), CEA, Ctr Valduc, F-21120 Is sur Tille, France. EM brice.ravat@cea.fr NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 366 IS 1-2 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.02.003 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 184OX UT WOS:000247652500025 ER PT J AU Braun, A Wang, HX Shim, J Lee, SS Cairns, EJ AF Braun, Artur Wang, Hongxin Shim, Joongpyo Lee, Steven S. Cairns, Elton J. TI Lithium K(1s) synchrotron NEXAFS spectra of lithium-ion battery cathode, anode and electrolyte materials SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium; batteries; EELS spectroscopy; NEXAFS spectroscopy; inelastic x-ray scattering; intercalation ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; K ABSORPTION-EDGE; INTERLAYER STATES; LITHIATED GRAPHITE; DIESEL SOOT; LI; DEPENDENCE; BAND; DENSITY AB The lithium(1s) K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of lithium-ion battery relevant materials (Li metal, Li3N, LiPF6, LiC6, and LiMn1.90Ni0.10O4) are presented. The Li and LiC6 spectra are discussed and compared with literature data. The Li in lithium-intercalated carbon LiC6, typically used as anode battery electrode material, could be clearly identified in the spectrum, and a presumed purely metallic character of the Li can be ruled out based on the chemical shift observed. The Li in corresponding cathode electrode materials, LiMn1.90Ni0.10O4, could be detected with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, but the strong (self-) absorption of the spinel lattice provides an obstacle for quantitative analysis. Owing to its ionic bonding, the spectrum of the electrolyte salt LiPF6 contains a sharp pi-resonance at 61.8 eV, suggesting a distinct charge transfer between Li and the hexafluorophosphate anion. In addition, LiPF6 resembles many spectral features of LiF, making it difficult to discriminate both from each other. Residual electrolyte on anodes or cathodes poses a problem for the spectroscopic analysis of the electrodes, because its Li spectrum overshadows the spectral features of the Li in the anode or cathode. The electrolyte must be removed from electrodes prior to spectroscopic analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 170 IS 1 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 186QP UT WOS:000247793500023 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G Rodriguez, M AF Nagasubramanian, Ganesan Rodriguez, Mark TI Performance enhancement at low temperatures and in situ X-ray analyses of discharge reaction of Li/(CFx)(n)cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE carbon monofluoride; impedance; PVDF; interfacial resistance ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; MECHANISM AB In the Sandia National Laboratories internally funded Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project we are studying the fundamental limitation(s) of the discharge reaction that reduces the operating voltage of the Li/(CFx)(n) cells at moderate discharge rates. As a subset of this effort, we are evaluating the electrochemical properties of (CFx)(n) electrodes prepared with materials from different vendors at different temperatures and in two different electrolytes in order to provide an optimized system to the above study. The temperatures studied span the range -51 to 72 degrees C. The electrolytes consist of EC:EMC (3:7 wt.%)-1.2 M LiPF6 denoted as HCE (Highly Conductive Electrolyte) and EC:PC:EMC (1: 1:3 wt.%)-1 M LiBF4 denoted as SNL-E (Sandia National Laboratories Electrolyte). The four different (CFx)(n) materials studied showed comparable capacity at 0 degrees C and above in the two electrolytes. However, at sub-ambient temperatures the SNL-E performed better than the HCE. The performance improvement with SNL-E comes mainly from a lower interfacial resistance compared to HCE. The different (CFx)(n) materials performed differently in the SNL-E especially at sub-zero temperatures. For example, at sub-zero temperatures the delivered capacity varied between 6% and >60% of the room temperature capacity. In order to rationalize this observation, SEM photographs of the powder particles were taken that showed that the particle size of the best performer(s) is smaller than that of the others. Finally, these data seem to indicate that optimization of the proper-ties of the electrolyte as well as the electrode is critical to maximizing delivered capacity especially at sub-ambient temperatures. Our X-ray results shall be presented in more detail in an upcoming manuscript. We have elected to present a brief discussion of these results in this present paper as the findings lend support to the formation of intermediate species in the discharge reaction of Li/(CTx)(n) cell. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power Sources Technol Dept 2521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat 1822, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power Sources Technol Dept 2521, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gnagasu@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 30 PY 2007 VL 170 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 186QP UT WOS:000247793500024 ER PT J AU Scholten, JCM Culley, DE Nie, L Munn, KJ Chow, L Brockman, FJ Zhang, WW AF Scholten, Johannes C. M. Culley, David E. Nie, Lei Munn, Kyle J. Chow, Lely Brockman, Fred J. Zhang, Weiwen TI Development and assessment of whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze an anaerobic microbial community and its responses to oxidative stress SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE microarrays; microbial community; oxidative stress ID METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; METHANOSARCINA-BARKERI; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; GENES; OXIDOREDUCTASE; THIOREDOXIN; COEFFICIENT; EXPRESSION; RADIATION AB The application of DNA microarray technology to investigate multiple- species microbial communities presents great challenges. In this study, we reported the design and quality assessment of four whole genome oligonucleotide microarrays for two syntroph bacteria, Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, and two archaeal methanogens, Methanosarcina barkeri, and Methanospirillum hungatei, and their application to analyze global gene expression in a four-species microbial community in response to oxidative stress. In order to minimize the possibility of cross-hybridization, cross-genome comparison was performed to assure all probes unique to each genome so that the microarrays could provide species-level resolution. Microarray quality was validated by the good reproducibility of experimental measurements of multiple biological and analytical replicates. This study showed that S. fumaroxidans and M. hungatei responded to the oxidative stress with up-regulation of several genes known to be involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, such as catalase and rubrerythrin in S. fumaroxidans and thioredoxin and heat shock protein Hsp20 in M. hungatei. However, D. vulgaris seemed to be less sensitive to the oxidative stress as a member of a four-species community, since no gene involved in ROS detoxification was up-regulated. Our work demonstrated the successful application of microarrays to a multiple-species microbial community, and our preliminary results indicated that this approach could provide novel insights on the metabolism within microbial communities. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biostat Biomath & Bioinformat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NimbleGen Syst, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Scholten, JCM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Johannes.Scholten@pnl.gov; wwzhang22@gmail.com NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 358 IS 2 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.160 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 174FM UT WOS:000246927300031 PM 17498652 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY Klein, S Mace, GG Boyle, J AF Zhang, Yuying Klein, Steve Mace, Gerald G. Boyle, Jim TI Cluster analysis of tropical clouds using CloudSat data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY; MODEL; REFLECTIVITY; CLOUDINESS; REGIMES; RADAR AB The mesoscale patterns of cloud/precipitation radar reflectivity from early CloudSat data are used to identify distinct tropical cloud regimes via a cluster analysis. Five basic cloud regimes are identified, and the geographical distribution of their occurrence frequency is quantified. Although the contemporary MODIS observations show some limitations to CloudSat observations, comparison with traditional passive satellite observations shows that CloudSat describes the major features of the vertical structure of the tropical cloud regimes. Using the monthly mean vertical velocity at 500 hPa as an indicator, the elements of each cloud regime are sorted into different dynamical regimes, and the results demonstrate the links between clouds and the atmospheric circulation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Zhang, YY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zhang24@llnl.gov RI Zhang, Yuying/H-5011-2012; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 21 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12813 DI 10.1029/2007GL029336 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 184ZT UT WOS:000247681800002 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Thermodynamics of adsorption of binary aqueous organic liquid mixtures on a RPLC adsorbent SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Gibbs surface excess; RP-HPLC; adsorption heterogeneity; silanols; minor disturbance method; adsorption isotherm; retention mechanism; water; methanol; ethanol; 2-propanol; acetonitrile; tetrahydrofuran; C-1-silica; endcapping ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; MOLAR VOLUMES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; ACETONITRILE; COMPONENTS; ISOTHERMS; VISCOSITY; SURFACES AB The surface excess adsorption isotherms of organic solvents commonly used in RPLC with water as co-eluent or organic modifiers (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol. acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) were measured on a porous silica surface derivatized with chlorotrimethylsilane (C-1-silica with 3.92 mu mol C-1 groups per m(2) of SiO2), using the dynamic minor disturbance method. The 5 mu m diameter particles were packed in a 150 mm x 4.6 mm column. The isotherm data were derived from signals resulting from small perturbations of the equilibrium between the aqueous-organic solutions and the adsorbent surface. The partial molar surface area of the adsorbed components were assumed to be the same as those of the pure components. The difference sigma - sigma(*)(i) between the surface tensions of the adsorbed mixtures and that of the pure liquids was measured as a function of the organic modifier molar fraction. A simple and unique convention for the position of the Gibbs dividing surface was proposed to delimit the Gibbs's adsorbed phase and the bulk liquid phase. The activity coefficients of the organic modifiers and of water and their thermodynamic equilibrium constants between the two phases were measured. The strong non-ideal behavior of the adsorbed phase is mostly accounted for by the surface heterogeneity. Some regions of the surface (bonded-Si(CH3)(3) moieties) preferentially adsorb the organic compound while the regions close to unreacted silanols preferentially adsorb water. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 1155 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.024 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 184LW UT WOS:000247644100013 PM 17466999 ER PT J AU Raussendorf, R Harrington, J Goyal, K AF Raussendorf, R. Harrington, J. Goyal, K. TI Topological fault-tolerance in cluster state quantum computation SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY THRESHOLD; MEMORY; COMPUTER; ANYONS AB We describe a fault-tolerant version of the one-way quantum computer using a cluster state in three spatial dimensions. Topologically protected quantum gates are realized by choosing appropriate boundary conditions on the cluster. We provide equivalence transformations for these boundary conditions that can be used to simplify fault-tolerant circuits and to derive circuit identities in a topological manner. The spatial dimensionality of the scheme can be reduced to two by converting one spatial axis of the cluster into time. The error threshold is 0.75% for each source in an error model with preparation, gate, storage and measurement errors. The operational overhead is poly-logarithmic in the circuit size. C1 Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON M6P 1N8, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Raussendorf, R (reprint author), Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON M6P 1N8, Canada. EM rraussendorf@perimeterinstitute.ca NR 38 TC 216 Z9 217 U1 3 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 199 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/199 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 188XP UT WOS:000247952900009 ER PT J AU Egiyan, KS Asryan, G Gevorgyan, N Griffioen, KA Laget, JM Kuhn, SE Adams, G Amaryan, MJ Ambrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Audit, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Baillie, N Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Barrow, S Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Bedlinskiy, I Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Biselli, AS Blaszczyk, L Bouchigny, S Boiarinov, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Cazes, A Chen, S Cole, PL Collins, P Coltharp, P Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crede, V Cummings, JP Dashyan, N De Masi, R De Vita, R De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Deur, A Dharmawardane, KV Dickson, R Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H El Fassi, L Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Fersch, R Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gonenc, A Gordon, CIO Gothe, RW Guidal, M Guillo, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hafidi, K Hakobyan, H Hakobyan, RS Hanretty, C Hardie, J Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, EL Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Joo, K Juengst, HG Kalantarians, N Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Kossov, M Krahn, Z Kramer, LH Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, J Kuleshov, SV Lachniet, J Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Lu, HY MacCormick, M Marchand, C Markov, N Mattione, P McAleer, S McKinnon, B McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mibe, T Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Moriya, K Morrow, SA Moteabbed, M Mueller, J Munevar, E Mutchler, GS Nadel-Turonski, P Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niroula, MR Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Paterson, C Pereira, SA Pierce, J Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Sabatie, F Salamanca, J Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shvedunov, NV Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Sokhan, D Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, SS Stepanyan, S Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Tkabladze, A Tkachenko, S Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Watts, DP Weinstein, LB Weygand, DP Williams, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zana, L Zhang, J Zhao, B Zhao, ZW AF Egiyan, K. S. Asryan, G. Gevorgyan, N. Griffioen, K. A. Laget, J. M. Kuhn, S. E. Adams, G. Amaryan, M. J. Ambrozewicz, P. Anghinolfi, M. Audit, G. Avakian, H. Bagdasaryan, H. Baillie, N. Ball, J. P. Baltzell, N. A. Barrow, S. Batourine, V. Battaglieri, M. Bedlinskiy, I. Bektasoglu, M. Bellis, M. Benmouna, N. Berman, B. L. Biselli, A. S. Blaszczyk, L. Bouchigny, S. Boiarinov, S. Bradford, R. Branford, D. Briscoe, W. J. Brooks, W. K. Bueltmann, S. Burkert, V. D. Butuceanu, C. Calarco, J. R. Careccia, S. L. Carman, D. S. Cazes, A. Chen, S. Cole, P. L. Collins, P. Coltharp, P. Cords, D. Corvisiero, P. Crabb, D. Crede, V. Cummings, J. P. Dashyan, N. De Masi, R. De Vita, R. De Sanctis, E. Degtyarenko, P. V. Denizli, H. Dennis, L. Deur, A. Dharmawardane, K. V. Dickson, R. Djalali, C. Dodge, G. E. Donnelly, J. Doughty, D. Dugger, M. Dytman, S. Dzyubak, O. P. Egiyan, H. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, L. Eugenio, P. Fatemi, R. Fedotov, G. Feldman, G. Feuerbach, R. J. Fersch, R. Garcon, M. Gavalian, G. Gilfoyle, G. P. Giovanetti, K. L. Girod, F. X. Goetz, J. T. Gonenc, A. Gordon, C. I. O. Gothe, R. W. Guidal, M. Guillo, M. Guler, N. Guo, L. Gyurjyan, V. Hadjidakis, C. Hafidi, K. Hakobyan, H. Hakobyan, R. S. Hanretty, C. Hardie, J. Hersman, F. W. Hicks, K. Hleiqawi, I. Holtrop, M. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ilieva, Y. Ireland, D. G. Ishkhanov, B. S. Isupov, E. L. Ito, M. M. Jenkins, D. Jo, H. S. Joo, K. Juengst, H. G. Kalantarians, N. Kellie, J. D. Khandaker, M. Kim, W. Klein, A. Klein, F. J. Klimenko, A. V. Kossov, M. Krahn, Z. Kramer, L. H. Kubarovsky, V. Kuhn, J. Kuleshov, S. V. Lachniet, J. Langheinrich, J. Lawrence, D. Li, Ji Livingston, K. Lu, H. Y. MacCormick, M. Marchand, C. Markov, N. Mattione, P. McAleer, S. McKinnon, B. McNabb, J. W. C. Mecking, B. A. Mehrabyan, S. Melone, J. J. Mestayer, M. D. Meyer, C. A. Mibe, T. Mikhailov, K. Minehart, R. Mirazita, M. Miskimen, R. Mokeev, V. Moriya, K. Morrow, S. A. Moteabbed, M. Mueller, J. Munevar, E. Mutchler, G. S. Nadel-Turonski, P. Nasseripour, R. Niccolai, S. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Niczyporuk, B. B. Niroula, M. R. Niyazov, R. A. Nozar, M. O'Rielly, G. V. Osipenko, M. Ostrovidov, A. I. Park, K. Pasyuk, E. Paterson, C. Anefalos Pereira, S. Pierce, J. Pivnyuk, N. Pocanic, D. Pogorelko, O. Pozdniakov, S. Preedom, B. M. Price, J. W. Prok, Y. Protopopescu, D. Raue, B. A. Riccardi, G. Ricco, G. Ripani, M. Ritchie, B. G. Ronchetti, F. Rosner, G. Rossi, P. Sabatie, F. Salamanca, J. Salgado, C. Santoro, J. P. Sapunenko, V. Schumacher, R. A. Serov, V. S. Sharabian, Y. G. Shvedunov, N. V. Skabelin, A. V. Smith, E. S. Smith, L. C. Sober, D. I. Sokhan, D. Stavinsky, A. Stepanyan, S. S. Stepanyan, S. Stokes, B. E. Stoler, P. Strauch, S. Taiuti, M. Tedeschi, D. J. Thoma, U. Tkabladze, A. Tkachenko, S. Todor, L. Tur, C. Ungaro, M. Vineyard, M. F. Vlassov, A. V. Watts, D. P. Weinstein, L. B. Weygand, D. P. Williams, M. Wolin, E. Wood, M. H. Yegneswaran, A. Zana, L. Zhang, J. Zhao, B. Zhao, Z. W. CA CLAS Collaboration TI Experimental study of exclusive H-2(e,e ' p)n reaction mechanisms at high Q(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BODY SYSTEMS; SCATTERING AB The reaction H-2(e,e(')p)n has been studied with full kinematic coverage for photon virtuality 1.75 < Q(2)< 5.5 GeV2. Comparisons of experimental data with theory indicate that for very low values of neutron recoil momentum (p(n)< 100 MeV/c) the neutron is primarily a spectator and the reaction can be described by the plane-wave impulse approximation. For 100 < p(n)< 750 MeV/c, proton-neutron rescattering dominates the cross section, while Delta production followed by the N Delta -> NN transition is the primary contribution at higher momenta. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Gen Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. EM laget@jlab.org RI Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Lu, Haiyun/B-4083-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Zhao, Bo/J-6819-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Zana, Lorenzo/H-3032-2012; Isupov, Evgeny/J-2976-2012 OI Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; RIPANI, Maurizio/0000-0003-4450-8511; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Zhao, Bo/0000-0003-3171-5335; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 26 AR 262502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.262502 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 184EY UT WOS:000247625100016 PM 17678084 ER PT J AU Fishman, RS Reboredo, FA Brandt, A Moreno, J AF Fishman, Randy S. Reboredo, Fernando A. Brandt, Alex Moreno, Juana TI Nature of perpendicular-to-parallel spin reorientation in a Mn-doped GaAs quantum well: Canting or phase separation? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM AB It is well known that the magnetic anisotropy in a compressively strained Mn-doped GaAs film changes from perpendicular to parallel with increasing hole concentration p. We study this reorientation transition at T=0 in a quantum well with delta-doped Mn impurities. With increasing p, the angle theta that minimizes the energy E increases continuously from 0 (perpendicular anisotropy) to pi/2 (parallel anisotropy) within some range of p. The shape of E-min(p) suggests that the quantum well becomes phase separated with regions containing low hole concentrations and perpendicular moments interspersed with other regions containing high hole concentrations and parallel moments. However, because of the Coulomb energy cost associated with phase separation, the true magnetic state in the transition region is canted with 0 O exchange and oxidation process SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; TITANIUM NITRIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; THIN-FILMS; TIN; CARBIDES; PHOTOEMISSION; COATINGS AB This work presents a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the oxidation of TiN(001) using a combination of synchrotron-based photoemission and density functional theory (DFT). Experimentally, the adsorption of O-2 on TiN(001) was investigated at temperatures between 250 and 450 K. At the lowest temperature, there was chemisorption of oxygen (O-2,O-gas -> 2O(ads)) without significant surface oxidation. In contrast, at 450 K the amount of O-2 adsorbed increased continuously, there was no evidence for an oxygen saturation coverage, a clear signal in the Ti 2p core level spectra denoted the presence of TiOx species, and desorption of both N-2 and NO was detected. The DFT calculations show that the adsorption/dissociation of O-2 is highly exothermic on a TiN(001) substrate and is carried out mainly by the Ti centers. A high oxygen coverage (larger than 0.5 ML) may induce some structural reconstructions of the surface. The exchange of a surface N atom by an O adatom is a highly endothermic process (Delta E=2.84 eV). However, the overall oxidation of the surface layer is thermodynamically favored due to the energy released by the dissociative adsorption of O-2 and the formation of N-2 or NO. Both experimental and theoretical results lead to conclude that a TiN+mO(2)-> TiOx+NO reaction is an important exit channel for nitrogen in the oxidation process. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Seville, Dept Quim Fis, E-41012 Seville, Spain. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Graciani, J (reprint author), Univ Seville, Dept Quim Fis, E-41012 Seville, Spain. EM sanz@us.es RI Graciani, Jesus/B-1136-2009 NR 56 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 24 AR 244713 DI 10.1063/1.2743418 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 184FF UT WOS:000247625800059 PM 17614583 ER PT J AU Kammrath, A Griffin, GB Verlet, JRR Young, RM Neumark, DM AF Kammrath, Aster Griffin, Graham B. Verlet, Jan R. R. Young, Ryan M. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of large anionic methanol clusters: (Methanol)(n)(-)(n similar to 145-535) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SOLVATED ELECTRON; HYDRATED ELECTRON; EXCESS ELECTRONS; WATER CLUSTERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ALCOHOLS AB The dynamics of an excess electron in size-selected methanol clusters is studied via pump-probe spectroscopy with resolution of similar to 120 fs. Following excitation, the excess electron undergoes internal conversion back to the ground state with lifetimes of 260-175 fs in (CH3OH)(n)(-)(n=145-535) and 280-230 fs in (CD3OD)(n)(-)(n=210-390), decreasing with increasing cluster size. The clusters then undergo vibrational relaxation on the ground state on a time scale of 760 +/- 250 fs. The excited state lifetimes for (CH3OH)(n)(-) clusters extrapolate to a value of 157 +/- 25 fs in the limit of infinite cluster size. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Verlet, Jan/G-5940-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Verlet, Jan/0000-0002-9480-432X NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 24 AR 244306 DI 10.1063/1.2747618 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 184FF UT WOS:000247625800024 PM 17614548 ER PT J AU Ma, TM Gengler, J Wang, Z Wang, HL Steimle, TC AF Ma, Tongmei Gengler, Jamie Wang, Zhong Wang, Hailing Steimle, Timothy C. TI Molecular beam optical Stark study of rhodium mononitride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID C-H AMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGAND; STATES; SCOPE AB The optical Stark effect in the Q(1) and R(0) lines of the [15.1]1-X (1)Sigma(+) (1,0) band of rhodium mononitride (RhN) were recorded and analyzed to determine the permanent electric dipole moments mu for the X (1)Sigma(+)(upsilon=0) and [15.1]1(upsilon=1) states to be 2.43(5) and 1.75(1) D, respectively. The determined dipole moments are compared to predicted values obtained from density functional theory [Stevens , Chem. Phys. Lett. 421, 281 (2006)] and an all-electron ab initio calculation [Shim , J. Mol. Struct. THEOCHEM 393, 127 (1997)]. A simple single configuration molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the relative values of mu for the 4d mononitrides and RhO. An electronic configuration for the [15.1]1 state is proposed based on the interpretation of the Rh-103 and N-14 magnetic hyperfine interactions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ma, TM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM tsteimle@asu.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 24 AR 244312 DI 10.1063/1.2742386 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 184FF UT WOS:000247625800030 PM 17614554 ER PT J AU Montuoro, R Lucchese, RR Bozek, JD Das, A Poliakoff, ED AF Montuoro, Raffaele Lucchese, Robert R. Bozek, John D. Das, Aloke Poliakoff, E. D. TI Quasibound continuum states in SiF4 ((D)over-tilde(2)A(1)) photoionization: Photoelectron-vibrational coupling SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; VALENCE SHELL; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCES; PHOTOABSORPTION AB The authors report a fully vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of a nonplanar molecule studied over a range of excitation energies. Experimental results for all four fundamental vibrational modes are presented. In each case significant non-Franck-Condon effects are seen. The vibrational branching ratio for the totally symmetric mode nu(+)(1) is found to be strongly affected by resonant excitation in the SiF4+ (D (2)A(1)) photoionization channel. This is shown to be the result of two distinct shape resonances, which for the first time have been both confirmed by theoretical calculations. Vibrationally resolved Schwinger photoionization calculations are used to understand the vibronic coupling for the photoelectrons, both using ab initio and harmonic vibrational wave functions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Lucchese, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lucchese@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 24 AR 244309 DI 10.1063/1.2743430 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 184FF UT WOS:000247625800027 PM 17614551 ER PT J AU Koller, J Chen, Y Reeves, GD Friedel, RHW Cayton, TE Vrugt, JA AF Koller, J. Chen, Y. Reeves, G. D. Friedel, R. H. W. Cayton, T. E. Vrugt, J. A. TI Identifying the radiation belt source region by data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; KALMAN FILTER; ACCELERATION; DIFFUSION; STORM; FLUXES; WAVES AB [1] We describe how assimilation of radiation belt data with a simple radial diffusion code can be used to identify and adjust for unknown physics in the model. We study the dropout and the following enhancement of relativistic electrons during a moderate storm on 25 October 2002. We introduce a technique that uses an ensemble Kalman filter and the probability distribution of the forecast ensemble to identify if the model is drifting away from the observations and to find inconsistencies between model forecast and observations. We use the method to pinpoint the time periods and locations where most of the disagreement occurs and how much the Kalman filter has to adjust the model state to match the observations. Although the model does not contain explicit source or loss terms, the Kalman filter algorithm can implicitly add very localized sources or losses in order to reduce the discrepancy between model and observations. We use this technique with multisatellite observations to determine when simple radial diffusion is inconsistent with the observed phase space densities indicating where additional source ( acceleration) or loss ( precipitation) processes must be active. We find that the outer boundary estimated by the ensemble Kalman filter is consistent with negative phase space density gradients in the outer electron radiation belt. We also identify specific regions in the radiation belts (L* approximate to 5 - 6 and to a minor extend also L* approximate to 4) where simple radial diffusion fails to adequately capture the variability of the observations, suggesting local acceleration/ loss mechanisms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Koller, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466,ISR-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkoller@lanl.gov RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Koller, Josef/C-5591-2009; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Koller, Josef/0000-0002-6770-4980; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 47 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06244 DI 10.1029/2006JA012196 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185EI UT WOS:000247693800002 ER PT J AU Tivanski, AV Hopkins, RJ Tyliszczak, T Gilles, MK AF Tivanski, Alexei V. Hopkins, Rebecca J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Gilles, Mary K. TI Oxygenated interface on biomass burn tar balls determined by single particle scanning transmission X-ray microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID YOSEMITE AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMIC-LIKE; CARBON; SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE; WATER; MOLECULES AB Carbonaceous particles originating from biomass burning can account for a large fraction of organic aerosols in a local environment. Presently, their composition, physical and chemical properties, as well as their environmental effects are largely unknown. Tar balls, a distinct type of highly spherical carbonaceous biomass burn particles, have been observed in a number of field campaigns. The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study that took place in summer 2002 occurred during an active fire season in the western United States; tar balls collected during this field campaign are described in this article. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy are used to determine the shape, structure, and size-dependent chemical composition of similar to 150 individual spherical particles ranging in size from 0.15 to 1.2 mu m. The elemental composition of tar balls is similar to 55% atomic carbon and similar to 45% atomic oxygen. Oxygen is present primarily as carboxylic carbonyls and oxygen-substituted alkyl (O-alkyl-C) functional groups, followed by moderate amounts of ketonic carbonyls. The observed chemical composition, density, and carbon functional groups are distinctly different from soot or black carbon and more closely resemble high molecular weight polymeric humic-like substances, which could account for their reported optical properties. A detailed examination of the carboxylic carbonyl and O-alkyl-C functional groups as a function of particle size reveals a thin oxygenated interface layer. The high oxygen content, as well as the presence of water-soluble carboxylic carbonyl groups, could account for the reported hygroscopic properties of tar balls. The presence of the oxygenated layer is attributed to atmospheric processing of biomass burn particles. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilles, MK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MKGilles@lbl.gov NR 48 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 5448 EP 5458 DI 10.1021/jp070155u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 180VV UT WOS:000247395300013 PM 17542565 ER PT J AU Hammond, JR Valiev, M Dejong, WA Kowalski, K AF Hammond, J. R. Valiev, M. Dejong, W. A. Kowalski, K. TI Calculations of molecular properties in hybrid coupled-cluster and molecular mechanics approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION-ENERGY EXTRAPOLATION; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION MODELS; LEVEL CORRELATED CALCULATIONS; TRIPLES CORRECTION T; ELECTRON CORRELATION METHODS; VIRTUAL ORBITAL SPACE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CLUSTER/MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AB We report benchmark calculations obtained with our new coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) code for calculating the first- and second-order molecular properties. This code can be easily incorporated into combined [Valiev, M.; Kowalski, K. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 211101] classical molecular mechanics (MM) and ab initio coupled-cluster (CC) calculations using NWChem, enabling us to study molecular properties in a realistic environment. To test this methodology, we discuss the results of calculations of dipole moments and static polarizabilities for the Cl2O system in the CCl4 solution using the CCSD (CC with singles and doubles) linear response approach. We also discuss the application of the asymptotic extrapolation scheme (AES) [Kowalski, K.; Valiev, M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 13106] in reducing the numerical cost of CCSD calculations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Valiev, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, K8-91,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM marat.valiev@pnl.gov; karol.kowalski@pnl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Hammond, Jeff/G-8607-2013 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; Hammond, Jeff/0000-0003-3181-8190 NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 5492 EP 5498 DI 10.1021/jp070553x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 180VV UT WOS:000247395300018 PM 17547377 ER PT J AU Greenwald, EE North, SW Georgievskii, Y Klippenstein, SJ AF Greenwald, Erin E. North, Simon W. Georgievskii, Yuri Klippenstein, Stephen J. TI A two transition state model for radical-molecule reactions: Applications to isomeric branching in the OH-Isoprene reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LOW-TEMPERATURE KINETICS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; INITIATED OXIDATION; ORBITAL METHODS; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; 3RD-ROW ATOMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MP2 ENERGY AB A two transition state model is applied to the prediction of the isomeric branching in the addition of hydroxyl radical to isoprene. The outer transition state is treated with phase space theory fitted to long-range transition state theory calculations on an electrostatic potential energy surface. High-level quantum chemical estimates are applied to the treatment of the inner transition state. A one-dimensional master equation based on an analytic reduction from two-dimensions for a particular statistical assumption about the rotational part of the energy transfer kernel is employed in the calculation of the pressure dependence of the addition process. We find that an accurate treatment of the two separate transition state regions, at the energy and angular momentum resolved level, is essential to the prediction of the temperature dependence of the addition rate. The transition from a dominant outer transition state to a dominant inner transition state is shown to occur at about 275 K, with significant effects from both transition states over the 30-500 K temperature range. Modest adjustments in the ab initio predicted inner saddle point energies yield predictions that are in quantitative agreement with the available high-pressure limit experimental observations and qualitative agreement with those in the falloff regime. The theoretically predicted capture rate is reproduced to within 10% by the expression [1.71 x 10(-10)(T/298)(-2.58) exp(-608.6/RT) + 5.47 x 10(-11)(T/298)(-1.78) exp(-97.3/RT); with R = 1.987 and T in K] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the 30-500 K range. A 300 K branching ratio of 0.67:0.02:0.02:0.29 was determined for formation of the four possible OH-isoprene adduct isomers 1, 2, 3, and < BO > 4 , respectively, and was found to be relatively insensitive to temperature. An Arrhenius activation energy of -0.77 kcal/mol was determined for the high-pressure addition rate constants around 300 K. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP North, SW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, PO Box 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RI North, Simon/G-5054-2012; OI North, Simon/0000-0002-0795-796X; Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 84 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 5582 EP 5592 DI 10.1021/jp071412y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 180VV UT WOS:000247395300030 PM 17539617 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Watkins, E Ilavsky, J Metroke, TL Wang, P Lee, B Schaefer, DW AF Wang, Yimin Watkins, Erik Ilavsky, Jan Metroke, Tammy L. Wang, Peng Lee, Byeongdu Schaefer, Dale W. TI Water-barrier properties of mixed bis[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine and vinyltriacetoxysilane films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL SILANE LAYERS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CORROSION PROTECTION; NEUTRON REFLECTION; SILICON-WAFERS; GAMMA-APS; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; ADHESION AB X-ray and neutron reflectivity were employed to elucidate the morphologies of bis[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine silane (A) and vinyltriacetoxysilane (V) mixed films on Si wafers at different A/V ratios, and the response of these films to saturated water vapor. Due to its insensitivity to chemical composition, X-ray reflectivity was used to assess the film density, whereas neutron reflectivity was used to probe water absorption and chemical change on exposure to water. NMR was employed to determine the reaction mechanism in neat AV mixtures and stoichiometry of the initial reaction. X-ray reflectivity reveals about 30% void volume in the films with the least void volume detected near stoichiometry. Grazing incidence small-angle scattering (GISAXS) shows that the void volume is at the molecular level, with no distinct pores. Neutron reflectivity on D2O-conditioned films shows that silane film is not an effective water barrier with about 30 vol % water being absorbed with only a slight thickness increase. Most water is physically absorbed in the void space with the least amount being absorbed near the stoichiometric A/V ratio. The scattering length density of the films almost returns to the virgin state after re-dry following D2O vapor exposure. The film thickness, however, remains at the water-vapor-conditioned state. The slight increase in scattering length density and irreversible thickness change after re-dry indicate some reaction with water during D2O conditioning. A D-rich layer is also observed at the air side surface in D2O-conditioned films regardless of A/V ratio. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI Wang, Peng/E-4633-2011; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7041 EP 7051 DI 10.1021/jp0679212 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700013 PM 17530794 ER PT J AU Venkatnathan, A Devanathan, R Dupuis, M AF Venkatnathan, Arun Devanathan, Ram Dupuis, Michel TI Atomistic simulations of hydrated Nafion and temperature effects on hydronium ion mobility SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; PROTON TRANSPORT; WATER; SOLVATION; COEFFICIENTS; POTENTIALS; MECHANISMS AB The effects of hydration level and temperature on the nanostructure of an atomistic model of a Nafion (DuPont) membrane and the vehicular transport of hydronium ions and water molecules were examined using classical molecular dynamics simulations. Through the determination and analysis of structural and dynamical parameters such as density, radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, mean square deviations, and diffusion coefficients, we identify that hydronium ions play an important role in modifying the hydration structure near the sulfonate groups. In the regime of low level of hydration, short hydrogen bonded linkages made of water molecules and sometimes hydronium ions alone give a more constrained structure among the sulfonate side chains. The diffusion coefficient for water was found to be in good accord with experimental data. The diffusion coefficient for the hydronium ions was determined to be much smaller (6-10 times) than that for water. Temperature was found to have a significant effect on the absolute value of the diffusion coefficients for both water and hydronium ions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dupuis, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michel.dupuis@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 42 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7234 EP 7244 DI 10.1021/jp0700276 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700037 PM 17518488 ER PT J AU Jin, H Baker, GA Arzhantsev, S Dong, J Maroncelli, M AF Jin, Hui Baker, Gary A. Arzhantsev, Sergei Dong, Jing Maroncelli, Mark TI Solvation and rotational dynamics of coumarin 153 in ionic liquids: Comparisons to conventional solvents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DILUTION ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; POLAR SOLVATION; NONDIPOLAR SOLVENTS; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; NILE-RED; SOLUTE INTERACTIONS; DIPOLAR MOLECULES; SUPERCRITICAL CO2; PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AB Steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy with 25 ps resolution are used to measure equilibrium and dynamic aspects of the solvation of coumarin 153 (C153) in a diverse collection of 21 room-temperature ionic liquids. The ionic liquids studied here include several phosphonium and imidazolium liquids previously reported as well as 12 new ionic liquids that incorporate two homologous series of ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra are used to extract solvation free energies and reorganization energies associated with the S-0 <-> S-1 transition of C153. These quantities, especially the solvation free energy, vary relatively little in ionic liquids compared to conventional solvents. Some correlation is found between these quantities and the mean separation between ions (or molar volume). Time-resolved anisotropies are used to observe solute rotation. Rotation times measured in ionic liquids correlate with solvent viscosity in much the same way that they do in conventional polar solvents. No special frictional coupling between the C153 and the ionic liquid solvents is indicated by these times. But, in contrast to what is observed in most low-viscosity conventional solvents, rotational correlation functions in ionic liquids are nonexponential. Time-resolved Stokes shift measurements are used to characterize solvation dynamics. The solvation response functions in ionic liquids are also nonexponential and can be reasonably represented by stretched-exponential functions of time. The solvation times observed are correlated with the solvent viscosity, and the much slower solvation in ionic liquids compared to dipolar solvents can be attributed to their much larger viscosities. Solvation times of the majority of ionic liquids studied appear to follow a single correlation with solvent viscosity. Only liquids incorporating the largest phosphonium cation appear to follow a distinctly different correlation. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maroncelli, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, 104 Chem Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Maroncelli@psu.edu RI Jin, Hui/B-1837-2010; Maroncelli, Mark/A-1800-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 91 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 10 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7291 EP 7302 DI 10.1021/jp070923h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700044 PM 17530885 ER PT J AU Moakes, G Daemen, LL Gelbaum, LT Leisen, J Marecek, V Janata, J AF Moakes, Greg Daemen, Luke L. Gelbaum, Leslie T. Leisen, Johannes Marecek, Vladimir Janata, Jiri TI Self-organization of water in lithium/nitrobenzene system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID IMMISCIBLE ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; ION-TRANSFER; SELECTIVE HYDRATION; GIBBS ENERGY; LITHIUM ION; NITROBENZENE; INTERFACE; LIQUIDS; NMR; DYNAMICS AB The effect of lithium ion on the ordering of water in water-saturated nitrobenzene has been probed by H-2 NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy and neutron scattering. It was shown that increased water concentration in LiClO4/wet nitrobenzene results in the formation of a metastable solvatomer with mixed water and nitrobenzene character, Li-(W/NB)(+). This species is shown to decay over hours to two solvatomers, one dominated by nitrobenzene Li-(NB)(+) and the other dominated by water Li-(W)(+). To confirm the assignment of these solvation states, diffusion ordered deuterium NMR spectroscopy has been used to elucidate the hydrodynamic radii of these solvatomers. Neutron scattering yields vibrational spectroscopy information that shows how addition of lithium to the nitrobenzene/water system results in relatively slow self-organization of the water environment (hours). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CR-18223 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Janata, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jiri.janata@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Marecek, Vladimir/G-7287-2014 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7312 EP 7317 DI 10.1021/jp071972x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700046 PM 17552561 ER PT J AU Parkinson, DY Lee, H Fleming, GR AF Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Lee, Hohjai Fleming, Graham R. TI Measuring electronic coupling in the reaction center of purple photosynthetic bacteria by two-color, three-pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER PATHWAYS; SPHAEROIDES REACTION CENTERS; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SPECIAL PAIR; ACCESSORY BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLLS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; TRANSFER KINETICS AB One- and two-color, three-pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy (1C and 2C3PEPS) was used to estimate the electronic coupling between the accessory bacteriochlorophyll (B) and the bacteriopheophytin (H) in the reaction center of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides as similar to 170 +/- 30 cm(-1). This is the first direct experimental determination of this parameter; it is within the range of values found in previously published calculations. The 1C3PEPS signal of the Q(y) band of the bacteriochlorophyll B shows that it is weakly coupled to nuclear motions of the bath, whereas the 1C3PEPS signal of the Q(y) band of the bacteriopheophytin, H, shows that it is more strongly coupled to the bath, but has minimal inhomogeneous broadening. Our simulations capture the major features of the data with the theoretical framework developed in our group to separately calculate the response functions and population dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov RI Parkinson, Dilworth/A-2974-2015 OI Parkinson, Dilworth/0000-0002-1817-0716 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7449 EP 7456 DI 10.1021/jp070029q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700064 PM 17530796 ER PT J AU Glascoe, EA Sawyer, KR Shanoski, JE Harris, CB AF Glascoe, Elizabeth A. Sawyer, Karma R. Shanoski, Jennifer E. Harris, Charles B. TI The influence of the metal spin state in the iron-catalyzed alkene isomerization reaction studied with ultrafast infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; LIGAND REARRANGEMENT REACTIONS; HYDROGEN BOND ACTIVATION; COBALT CARBONYL HYDRIDE; GAS-PHASE; REACTION-MECHANISM; COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; FE(CO)3; CR(CO)6 AB The process of iron- and ruthenium-assisted alkene isomerization is investigated with ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy under ambient conditions. M(CO)(4)(eta(2)-1,4-PD) (M = Ru, Fe; PD = pentadiene) was irradiated with a 100 femtosecond pulse of 266 nm light in a solution of cyclohexane, and a single carbonyl was photodissociated. When M = Ru, experimental results indicate that both Ru(CO)(3)(eta(4)-1,4-PD) and HRu(CO)(3)(eta(3)-allyl) form within a few picoseconds, and their populations do not change significantly out to 800 ps. When M = Fe, the coordinatively unsaturated triplet metal complex, Fe-3(CO)(3)(eta(2)-1,4PD), was observed to form rapidly and rearranged to HFe(CO)(3)(eta(3)-allyl) at a rate of (4.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(8) s(-1). Surprisingly, the triplet iron complex did not coordinate the free alkene on the pentadiene ligand on the ultrafast time scale. The difference in reactivity between the iron- and the ruthenium-assisted alkene isomerization is due to differences in spin state of the coordinatively unsaturated metal center. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbharris@berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 8789 EP 8795 DI 10.1021/jp068576j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183WA UT WOS:000247601900010 ER PT J AU York, RL Mermut, O Phillips, DC McCrea, KR Ward, RS Somorjai, GA AF York, Roger L. Mermut, Ozzy Phillips, Diana C. McCrea, Keith R. Ward, Robert S. Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Influence of ionic strength on the adsorption of a model peptide on hydrophilic silica and hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces: Insight from SFG vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; WATER-MOLECULES; CHARGED INTERFACE; SIDE-CHAIN; POLARIZATION; MONOLAYERS; SCIENCE; FORCE AB Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been used to study the influence of the ionic strength of a solution on the interfacial structure of a model amphiphilic peptide. The ionic strength of the solution is controlled by changing the salt concentration of the solution. This peptide (called LK(14)) contains 14 amino acids and is composed of hydrophobic leucine (L) and hydrophilic lysine (K) residues. LK14 is shown to be an (x helix in solution at high ionic strength and a random coil at low ionic strength. On a hydrophilic silica surface, an N-H mode from LK(14) is observed at high ionic strength that is no longer observed when the peptide is adsorbed at low ionic strengths. Instead, a strong, interfacial water signal is measured at low ionic strength conditions. The N-H mode that appears at high salt concentrations is seen only when the peptide has a stable secondary structure. On a hydrophobic polystyrene surface, C-H modes are observed that are independent of the ionic strength of the solution. However, the intensity of the water modes observed upon peptide adsorption increases with decreasing ionic strength. In contrast, in the absence of peptide (i.e., the polystyrene/buffer interface), there is no change in the intensity of the water modes with changing ionic strength. This implies that C-H modes observed on hydrophobic surfaces in peptide SFG studies are independent of the secondary structure of the biomolecule in solution and that the adsorption of a peptide can induce ordering of interfacial water molecules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polymer Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI York, Roger/C-6547-2008 OI York, Roger/0000-0002-5105-6800 NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 8866 EP 8871 DI 10.1021/jp0673967 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183WA UT WOS:000247601900019 ER PT J AU Schwartzberg, AM Grant, CD van Buuren, T Zhang, JZ AF Schwartzberg, A. M. Grant, C. D. van Buuren, T. Zhang, J. Z. TI Reduction of HAuCl4 by Na2S revisited: The case for Au nanoparticle aggregates and against Au2S/Au Core/Shell particles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; COHERENT VIBRATIONAL OSCILLATION; ULTRAFAST ELECTRONIC DYNAMICS; GOLD SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL PULSES; RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; NOBLE-METAL PARTICLES; LARGE AG NANOCRYSTALS; COMPOSITE THIN-FILM AB The reaction of sodium sulfide with chloroauric acid has been surrounded by a controversy over the structure of the resulting product. The original report proposed a Au2S/Au core/shell structure based on strong near-IR resonance and limited transmission electron microscopy. Subsequent reports used the same model without further attempts to determine the structure of the products. With a significant body of experimental work compiled over a period of several years, we have shown that the major product of this reaction is aggregated spherical nanoparticles of gold with a minority component consisting of triangular and rod-like structures. This is in contradiction to the core/shell structures as originally proposed. Recently, there have been additional reports that again suggest a Au2S/Au core/shell structure or irregularly shaped Au nanoparticles as an explanation for the near-IR resonance. To help resolve this issue, we have carried out further experiments to determine how the reaction products may depend on experimental conditions such as concentration and aging of the reactants, particularly Na2S. It has been determined that sodium thiosulfate is the likely product from Na2S aging. In addition, persistent spectral hole burning experiments have been conducted on gold nanoparticle aggregate (GNA) samples at excitation intensities that are lower than that required to melt the nanostructures. We have observed a decrease in optical absorption on resonance with the excitation laser wavelength, with simultaneous increases in absorption to the blue and red of this wavelength region. However, in the presence of the stabilizer poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), no increase in absorbance was observed but rather a blue shifting and decrease in intensity of the near-IR plasmon resonance. These results imply that the non-stabilized GNAs are able to break apart and reform into off resonant aggregate structures. In contrast, this behavior is suppressed in PVP stabilized GNAs because of the presence of polymer which quickly passivates the individual nanoparticles that comprise the GNAs after they are disrupted by laser irradiation. These results would be very difficult to explain if the nanostructures were core/shell. Therefore, these new results again support the model of GNAs as the best possible explanation for the product of the HAuCl4 and Na2S reaction. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu NR 105 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 8892 EP 8901 DI 10.1021/jp067697g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183WA UT WOS:000247601900023 ER PT J AU Pan, D Hu, DH Liu, RC Zeng, XH Kaplan, S Lu, HP AF Pan, Duohai Hu, Dehong Liu, Ruchuan Zeng, Xiaohua Kaplan, Samuel Lu, H. Peter TI Fluctuating two-state light harvesting in a photosynthetic membrane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES 2.4.1; INTERMITTENT CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; SINGLE-MOLECULE; DYNAMICS; COMPLEXES; PROTEIN; LH2; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; ARCHITECTURE AB The mechanism by which light is converted into chemical energy in a natural photosynthetic system has drawn considerable research interest. Using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopic imaging, we have observed fluctuating intermolecular protein fluorescence resonant energy transfers (FRET) among light-harvesting proteins I and II (LH1 and LH2) in bacterial photosynthetic membranes. Using two-channel, FRET, photon-counting detection and a novel, two-dimensional cross-correlation function amplitude-mapping analysis, we revealed fluorescence intensity and spectral fluctuations of donor (LH2) and acceptor (LH1) fluorescence involving FRET. Our results suggest that there are dynamic coupled and noncoupled states of the light-harvesting protein assemblies in photosynthetic membranes. The light-harvesting complex assembly under ambient conditions and under water involves dynamic intermolecular structural fluctuations that subsequently disturb the degree of energy transfer coupling between proteins in the membrane. Such intrinsic and dynamic heterogeneity of the native photosynthetic membranes, often submerged under the overall thermally induced spectral fluctuations and not observable in an ensemble-averaged measurement, likely plays a critical role in regulating the light-harvesting efficiency of the photosynthetic membranes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hplu@bgsu.edu RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Liu, Ruchuan/G-2279-2012 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 8948 EP 8956 DI 10.1021/jp071493y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 183WA UT WOS:000247601900029 ER PT J AU Nakayama, Y Pauzauskie, PJ Radenovic, A Onorato, RM Saykally, RJ Liphardt, J Yang, PD AF Nakayama, Yuri Pauzauskie, Peter J. Radenovic, Aleksandra Onorato, Robert M. Saykally, Richard J. Liphardt, Jan Yang, Peidong TI Tunable nanowire nonlinear optical probe SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH PHOTONICS INTEGRATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; ORTHORHOMBIC KNBO3; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; WAVE-GUIDES; RESOLUTION; MANIPULATION; SCALE AB One crucial challenge for subwavelength optics has been the development of a tunable source of coherent laser radiation for use in the physical, information and biological sciences that is stable at room temperature and physiological conditions. Current advanced near-field imaging techniques using fibre-optic scattering probes(1,2) have already achieved spatial resolution down to the 20-nm range. Recently reported far-field approaches for optical microscopy, including stimulated emission depletion(3), structured illumination(4), and photoactivated localization microscopy(5), have enabled impressive, theoretically unlimited spatial resolution of fluorescent bio-molecular complexes. Previous work with laser tweezers(6-8) has suggested that optical traps could be used to create novel spatial probes and sensors. Inorganic nanowires have diameters substantially below the wavelength of visible light and have electronic and optical properties(9,10) that make them ideal for subwavelength laser and imaging technology. Here we report the development of an electrode-free, continuously tunable coherent visible light source compatible with physiological environments, from individual potassium niobate (KNbO(3)) nanowires. These wires exhibit efficient second harmonic generation, and act as frequency converters, allowing the local synthesis of a wide range of colours via sum and difference frequency generation. We use this tunable nanometric light source to implement a novel form of subwavelength microscopy, in which an infrared laser is used to optically trap and scan a nanowire over a sample, suggesting a wide range of potential applications in physics, chemistry, materials science and biology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sony Corp, Mat Labs, Kanagawa 2430021, Japan. RP Liphardt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liphardt@physics.berkeley.edu; p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Radenovic, Aleksandra/C-5350-2011; Liphardt, Jan/A-5906-2012; Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014; OI Liphardt, Jan/0000-0003-2835-5025 NR 30 TC 347 Z9 351 U1 20 U2 271 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7148 BP 1098 EP U8 DI 10.1038/nature05921 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 183HT UT WOS:000247564600034 PM 17597756 ER PT J AU Summers, NC Pain, SD Orr, NA Catford, WN Angelique, JC Ashwood, NI Bouchat, V Clarke, NM Curtis, N Freer, M Fulton, BR Hanappe, F Labiche, M Lecouey, JL Lemmon, RC Mahboub, D Ninane, A Normand, G Nunes, FM Soic, N Stuttge, L Timis, CN Thompson, IJ Winfield, JS Ziman, V AF Summers, N. C. Pain, S. D. Orr, N. A. Catford, W. N. Angelique, J. C. Ashwood, N. I. Bouchat, V. Clarke, N. M. Curtis, N. Freer, M. Fulton, B. R. Hanappe, F. Labiche, M. Lecouey, J. L. Lemmon, R. C. Mahboub, D. Ninane, A. Normand, G. Nunes, F. M. Soic, N. Stuttge, L. Timis, C. N. Thompson, I. J. Winfield, J. S. Ziman, V. TI B(E1) strengths from Coulomb excitation of Be-11 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CHANNELS; CORE EXCITATION; HEAVY-IONS AB The B(E1; 1/2(+) --> 1/2(-)) strength for Be-11 has been extracted from intermediate energy Coulomb excitation measurements, over a range of beam energies using a new reaction model, the extended continuum discretized coupled channels (XCDCC) method. In addition, a measurement of the excitation cross section for Be-11 + Pb-208 at 38.6 MeV/nucleon is reported. The B(E1) strength of 0.105(12) e(2) fm(2) derived from this measurement is consistent with those made previously at 60 and 64 MeV/nucleon, in contrast to an anomalously low result obtained at 43 MeV/nucleon. By coupling a multi-configuration description of the projectile structure with realistic reaction theory, the XCDCC model provides for the first time a fully quantum mechanical description of Coulomb excitation. The XCDCC calculations reveal that the excitation process involves significant contributions from nuclear, continuum, and higher-order effects. An analysis of the present and two earlier intermediate energy measurements yields a combined B(E1) strength of 0.105(7) e(2) fm(2). This value is in good agreement with the value deduced independently from the lifetime of the 1/2(-) state in Be-11, and has a comparable precision. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. ENSICAEN, LPSC Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Caen, IN2P3, CNRS, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Slashdev Integrated Solut, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. IN2P3 CNRS, IPHC Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Summers, NC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM summers@nscl.msu.edu RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Soic, Neven/J-3911-2012; Freer, Martin/F-9379-2013 OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [EP/C51646X/1] NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 650 IS 2-3 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.05.003 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193FJ UT WOS:000248259500005 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Janssens, RVF Fornal, B Freeman, SJ Honma, M Broda, R Carpenter, MP Deacon, AN Kay, BP Kondev, FG Krolas, W Kozemczak, J Larabee, A Lauritsen, T Liddick, SN Lister, CJ Mantica, PF Otsuka, T Pawlat, T Robinson, A Seweryniak, D Smith, JF Steppenbeck, D Tomlin, BE Wrzesinski, J Wang, X AF Zhu, S. Janssens, R. V. F. Fornal, B. Freeman, S. J. Honma, M. Broda, R. Carpenter, M. P. Deacon, A. N. Kay, B. P. Kondev, F. G. Krolas, W. Kozemczak, J. Larabee, A. Lauritsen, T. Liddick, S. N. Lister, C. J. Mantica, P. F. Otsuka, T. Pawlat, T. Robinson, A. Seweryniak, D. Smith, J. F. Steppenbeck, D. Tomlin, B. E. Wrzesinski, J. Wang, X. TI One-particle excitations outside the Ti-54 semi-magic core: The V-55 and Ti-55 yrast structures SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; CR ISOTOPES; FUSION; N=32 AB The level structures of V-55 and Ti-55, the two nuclei with a single nucleon outside the semi-magic Ti-54(22)32 core, have been investigated in order to provide new tests of full pf-shell calculations with the GXPFIA interaction. The addition of a proton does not appear to affect the N = 32 shell Gap significantly. although comparisons between calculations and experiment at high spins (I-pi >= 21/2(-)) indicate the need for a larger model space for an accurate description of the data in this regime. The energy separation between the vp(1/2) and vf(5/2) orbitals in neutron-rich Ti isotopes is not large enough to result in an N = 34 shell gap. However, comparisons between the Ti-55 data and the calculations argue for the presence of a sizable N = 34 gap in Ca-54. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Aizu Wakamatsu, Fukushima 9658580, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. Greenville Coll, Dept Phys, Greenville, IL 62246 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Janssens, RVF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM janssens@anl.gov RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Kay, Benjamin/F-3291-2011; Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013; OTSUKA, TAKAHARU/G-5072-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Kay, Benjamin/0000-0002-7438-0208; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 650 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.physietb.2007.05.014 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193FJ UT WOS:000248259500007 ER PT J AU Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ AF Karliner, Marek Lipkin, Harry J. TI New quark relations for hadron masses and magnetic moments: A challenge for explanation from QCD SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; MODEL; CHROMODYNAMICS AB Prompted by the recent surprising results in QCD spectroscopy, we extend the treatment of the constituent quark model showing that mass differences and ratios have the same values when obtained from mesons and baryons. We obtain several new successful relations involving hadrons containing two and three strange quarks and hadrons containing heavy quarks and give a new prediction regarding spin splitting between doubly charmed baryons. We provide numerical evidence for an effective supersymmetry between mesons and baryons related by replacing a light antiquark by a light diquark. We also obtain new relations between quark magnetic moments and hadron masses. Limits of validity of this approach and disagreements with experiment in properties of the Sigma and Xi baryons are discussed as possible clues to a derivation from QCD. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lipkin, HJ (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM marek@proton.tau.ac.il; ftlipkin@weizmann.ac.il NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 650 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.063 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193FJ UT WOS:000248259500015 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, Xin-Nian TI Interference effect in elastic parton energy loss in a finite medium SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE jet quenching; elastic parton energy loss; interference ID MODIFIED FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; HADRON SPECTRA; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; COLLISIONS AB Similar to the radiative parton energy loss due to gluon bremsstrahlung, elastic energy loss of a parton undergoing multiple scattering in a finite medium is demonstrated to be sensitive to interference effect. The interference between amplitudes of elastic scattering via a gluon exchange and that of gluon radiation reduces the effective elastic energy loss in a finite medium and gives rise to a non-trivial length dependence. The reduction is most significant for a propagation length L < 4/pi T in a medium with a temperature T. Though the finite size effect is not significant for the average parton propagation in the most central heavy-ion collisions, it will affect the centrality dependence of its effect on jet quenching. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xnwang@lbl.gov OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 650 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.05.008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 193FJ UT WOS:000248259500020 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Baer, DR Amonette, JE Engelhard, MH Qiang, Y Antony, J AF Wang, C. M. Baer, D. R. Amonette, J. E. Engelhard, M. H. Qiang, Y. Antony, J. TI Morphology and oxide shell structure of iron nanoparticles grown by sputter-gas-aggregation SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES; NANOCLUSTERS; PASSIVATION; EVAPORATION; OXIDATION; CRYSTAL; FE AB The crystal faceting planes and oxide coating structures of core - shell structured iron/iron-oxide nanoparticles synthesized by a sputter-gas-aggregation process were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction and Wulff shape construction. The particles grown by this process and deposited on a support in a room temperature process have been compared with particles grown and deposited at high temperature as reported in the literature. It has been found that the Fe nanoparticles formed at RT are invariantly faceted on the {100} lattice planes and truncated by the {110} planes at different degrees. A substantial fraction of particles are confined only by the 6{100} planes ( not truncated by the {110} planes); this contrasts with the Fe particles formed at high temperature ( HT) for which a predominance of {110} planes has been reported. Furthermore, at RT no particle was identified to be only confined by the 12{110} planes, which is relatively common for the particles formed at HT. The Fe cubes defined by the 6{100} planes show a characteristic inward relaxation along the [100] and [110] directions and the reason for this behaviour is not fully understood. The oxide shell on the Fe{100} plane maintains an orientation relationship: Fe( 001) parallel to Fe3O4(001) and Fe[100] parallel to Fe3O4[110], which is the same as the oxide formed on a bulk Fe( 001) through thermal oxidation. Orientation of the oxide that forms on the Fe{110} facets differs from that on Fe{001}: therefore, properties of core - shell structured Fe nanoparticle faceted primarily with one type of lattice plane may be fully different from that faceted with another type of lattice plane. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Chongmin.Wang@pnl.gov; youqiang@uidaho.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 25 AR 255603 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/25/255603 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 176IA UT WOS:000247077000009 ER PT J AU Minter, CF Robertson, DS Spencer, PSJ Jacobson, AR Fuller-Rowell, TJ Araujo-Pradere, EA Moses, RW AF Minter, C. F. Robertson, D. S. Spencer, P. S. J. Jacobson, A. R. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Araujo-Pradere, E. A. Moses, R. W. TI A comparison of Magic and FORTE ionosphere measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; TOMOGRAPHY; SATELLITE; DENSITY AB [1] To date, no formal validation of the new ionosphere nowcast system, United States - Total Electron Content (US-TEC), at the Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado, has been published. This paper therefore lays part of the validation groundwork by comparing solutions from Magic, the analysis version of US-TEC, with total electron content (TEC) data from the Fast Onboard Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite. The Magic system uses ground-based GPS observations to reproduce a four-dimensional model of the electron density in the ionosphere. From this model, the TEC between any two points at any time can be obtained. The FORTE satellite, on the other hand, detects the arrival time versus frequency of a broadband signal from a transmitter at Los Alamos. The FORTE-observed group delay provides the TEC along the line of sight between the transmitter and the satellite. These FORTE line-of-sight observations can be compared with TEC values over the same lines of sight in the Magic model. A root-mean-square error (RMSE) calculation statistically compares 178 lines of sight. The RMSE indicates a statistical error of 2.87 total electron content units ( 1 TECU = 10(16) el/m(2)) between FORTE and Magic, using the current operational GPS station list in US-TEC. How much FORTE and Magic individually contribute to this error remains indeterminable, although the errors are expected to be unique to either system and uncorrelated. Individual contributions of each method to the RMSE are estimated by eliminating observations most affected by raypath bending in FORTE and by varying the number of stations in Magic. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Minter, CF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cliff.minter@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 AR RS3026 DI 10.1029/2006RS003460 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 185EW UT WOS:000247695200002 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Chupas, PJ Lui, SLA Hanson, JC Caliebe, WA Lee, PL Chan, SW AF Zhang, Feng Chupas, Peter J. Lui, Siu Lun Alan Hanson, Jonathan C. Caliebe, Wolfgang A. Lee, Peter L. Chan, Siu-Wai TI In situ study of the crystallization from amorphous to cubic zirconium oxide: Rietveld and reverse Monte Carlo analyses SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ZRO2; POLYMORPHS; STABILIZATION; REFINEMENT; STABILITY; PROGRAM; ENERGY AB The amorphous-to-cubic (a-c) crystallization of nanoZrO(2) in a reducing environment was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Rietveld analysis was performed to study the changes in crystallite size and lattice parameter as the cubic phase emerged. The pair distribution function (PDF) was obtained from the Fourier transformation of the normalized XRD patterns. A reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation was applied to provide details of the local structure during the crystallization process as well as to calculate partial PDFs of Zr-Zr and Zr-O during the crystallization. The number of Zr's next-nearest neighbors of Zr remains 12, whereas the number of O's as nearest neighbors of Zr increases from 6.7 to 7.3 as the material evolves from an amorphous into a cubic structure, suggesting the persistence of a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. These simulated atomic structures show that the local structure of the amorphous phase bears resemblance to the short-range arrangement of cubic ZrO2, consistent with the results of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at Zr L-II and L-III. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation is affected by the environment. Under an oxidizing condition, the amorphous phase crystallizes directly to tetragonal and subsequently to monoclinic zirconia. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, MRSEC Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chan, SW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sc174@columbia.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 BP 3118 EP 3126 DI 10.1021/cm061739w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 180DJ UT WOS:000247340600011 ER PT J AU Pokroy, B Fieramosca, JS Von Dreele, RB Fitch, AN Caspi, EN Zolotoyabko, E AF Pokroy, B. Fieramosca, J. S. Von Dreele, R. B. Fitch, A. N. Caspi, E. N. Zolotoyabko, E. TI Atomic structure of biogenic aragonite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC LATTICE-DISTORTIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; SEA-URCHIN; CALCITE; RESOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; RADIATION; CRYSTALS; NACRE AB Atomic positions in geological aragonite and biogenic aragonite, obtained from several mollusk shells, were precisely measured by high-resolution neutron diffraction, which is more sensitive than X-ray diffraction to the positions of light atoms, C and O, in the CaCO(3) structure. Comparable analysis of atomic positions revealed, for the first time, the changes in some bond lengths and atomic configurations in biogenic specimens with respect to geological ones. Most pronounced are modifications in the aplanarity of the carbonate groups. These modifications correlate with the observed shifts of the nu(2) frequency in the IR absorption spectra. The changes in atomic positions as well as the changes in lattice parameters detected by high-resolution X-ray diffraction are attributed to the interaction between organic macromolecules and growing crystallites during biomineralization. The obtained results allow us deeper understanding of the specific routes used by nature for growing bio-composites with superior characteristics. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Zolotoyabko, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Pokroy, Boaz/C-8878-2011 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 13 BP 3244 EP 3251 DI 10.1021/cm070187u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 180DJ UT WOS:000247340600027 ER PT J AU Saito, S Gary, SP AF Saito, Shinji Gary, S. Peter TI Whistler scattering of suprathermal electrons in the solar wind: Particle-in-cell simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX INSTABILITIES; MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; DISSIPATION RANGE; CONSTRAINTS; WAVES; HALO AB [1] Solar wind observations sometimes show that suprathermal, magnetic field-aligned, strahl electrons have pitch angle distributions which become broader in width as electron kinetic energy increases. Magnetosonic-whistler waves propagating sunward at k x B-o = 0 where B-o is the background magnetic field and k is the wave number have a cyclotron resonance with electrons propagating in the anti-sunward direction. This resonance leads to pitch angle scattering which increases strahl electron energy perpendicular to Bo. The strahl response to a broadband whistler fluctuation spectrum was studied using Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma. The simulations show that enhanced whistler waves with finite damping lead to strahl pitch angle distributions which broaden in width with increasing kinetic energy, in agreement with certain observations. Results from the simulations show how the strahl is broadened as a function of wave amplitude and relative strahl density. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saito, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ssaito@lanl.gov; pgary@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06116 DI 10.1029/2006JA012216 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185EG UT WOS:000247693600001 ER PT J AU Singh, M Odusanya, O Wilmes, GM Eitouni, HB Gomez, ED Patel, AJ Chen, VL Park, MJ Fragouli, P Iatrou, H Hadjichristidis, N Cookson, D Balsara, NP AF Singh, Mohit Odusanya, Omolola Wilmes, Gregg M. Eitouni, Hany B. Gomez, Enrique D. Patel, Amish J. Chen, Vincent L. Park, Moon Jeong Fragouli, Panagiota Iatrou, Hermis Hadjichristidis, Nikos Cookson, David Balsara, Nitash P. TI Effect of molecular weight on the mechanical and electrical properties of block copolymer electrolytes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MORPHOLOGY; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; SOLID-STATE; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; GRAFT COPOLYMER; SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR AB The relationship between ionic conductivity, morphology, and rheological properties of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers (SEO) doped with a lithium salt, Li[N(SO2CF3)(2)], is elucidated. We focus on lamellar samples with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) volume fractions, phi, ranging from 0.38 to 0.55, and PEO block molecular weights, M-PEO, ranging from 16 to 98 kg/mol. The low-frequency storage modulus (G') at 90 degrees C increases with increasing M-PEO from about 4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(7) Pa. Surprisingly, the conductivity of the SEO/salt mixtures with the molar ratio of Li to ethylene oxide moieties of 0.02 sigma, also increases with increasing M-PEO, from 6.2 x 10(-5) to 3.6 x 10(-4) S/cm at 90 degrees C. We compare sigma with the conductivity of pure PEO/salt mixtures, sigma(PEO), and find that sigma/[phi sigma(PEO)] of our highest molecular weight sample is close to 0.67, the theoretical upper limit for transport through randomly oriented lamellar grains. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Argonne Natl Lab, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gomez, Enrique/E-5887-2013; Park, Moon Jeong/F-5752-2013 NR 49 TC 204 Z9 204 U1 19 U2 184 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 13 BP 4578 EP 4585 DI 10.1021/ma0629541 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 180DK UT WOS:000247340700030 ER PT J AU AchutaRao, KM Ishii, M Santer, BD Gleckler, PJ Taylor, KE Barnett, TP Pierce, DW Stouffer, RJ Wigley, TML AF AchutaRao, K. M. Ishii, M. Santer, B. D. Gleckler, P. J. Taylor, K. E. Barnett, T. P. Pierce, D. W. Stouffer, R. J. Wigley, T. M. L. TI Simulated and observed variability in ocean temperature and heat content SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate; models; observations; ocean heat content ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; WORLDS OCEANS; REANALYSES; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; MODEL AB Observations show both a pronounced increase in ocean heat content(OHC) over the second half of the 20th century and substantial OHC variability on interannual-to-decadal time scales. Although climate models are able to simulate overall changes in OHC, they are generally thought to underestimate the amplitude of OHC variability. Using simulations of 20th century climate performed with 13 numerical models, we demonstrate that the apparent discrepancy between modeled and observed variability is largely explained by accounting for changes in observational coverage and instrumentation and by including the effects of volcanic eruptions. Our work does not support the recent claim that the 0- to 700-m layer of the global ocean experienced a substantial OHC decrease over the 2003 to 2005 time period. We show that the 2003-2005 cooling is largely an artifact of a systematic change in the observing system, with the deployment of Argo floats reducing a warm bias in the original observing system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP AchutaRao, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM achutarao1@linl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 26 BP 10768 EP 10773 DI 10.1073/pnas.0611375104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 184LC UT WOS:000247641900006 PM 17578928 ER PT J AU Chi, S Ye, F Dai, P Fernandez-Baca, JA Huang, Q Lynn, JW Plummer, EW Mathieu, R Kaneko, Y Tokura, Y AF Chi, Songxue Ye, F. Dai, Pengcheng Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Huang, Q. Lynn, J. W. Plummer, E. W. Mathieu, R. Kaneko, Y. Tokura, Y. TI Effect of antiferromagnetic spin correlations on lattice distortion and charge ordering in Pr0.5Ca1.5MnO4 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CE-type AF order ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DOPED MANGANITES; ORBITAL ORDER; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4; TRANSITIONS; LASR2MN2O7; PHASE AB We use neutron scattering to study the lattice and magnetic structure of the layered half-doped manganite Pr0.5Ca1.5MnO4. On cooling from high temperature, the system first becomes charge-and orbital-ordered (CO/OO) near T-co = 300 K and then develops checkerboard-like antiferromagnetic (AF) order below T-N = 130 K. At temperatures above T-N but below T-co (T-N < T < T-co), the appearance of short-range AF spin correlations suppresses the CO/OO-induced orthorhombic strain, contrasting with other half-doped manganites, where AF order has no observable effect on the lattice distortion. These results suggest that a strong spin-lattice coupling and the competition between AF exchange and CO/OO ordering ultimately determines the low-temperature properties of the system. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Spin Struct Project, ERATO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Dai, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@orni.gov; eplummer@utk.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Kaneko, Yoshio/B-3274-2013; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Kaneko, Yoshio/D-3905-2017; OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Kaneko, Yoshio/0000-0001-5209-1379; Mathieu, Roland/0000-0002-5261-2047 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 26 BP 10796 EP 10801 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704303104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 184LC UT WOS:000247641900011 PM 17578911 ER PT J AU Gorostiza, P Volgraf, M Numano, R Szobota, S Trauner, D Isacoff, EY AF Gorostiza, Pau Volgraf, Matthew Numano, Rika Szobota, Stephanie Trauner, Dirk Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI Mechanisms of photoswitch conjugation and light activation of an ionotropic glutamate receptor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE HELIX CONTENT; LIGAND-BINDING CORE; KAINATE RECEPTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; REMOTE-CONTROL; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; CHANNELS; AGONIST; POTENT; DESENSITIZATION AB The analysis of cell signaling requires the rapid and selective manipulation of protein function. We have synthesized photoswitches that covalently modify target proteins and reversibly present and withdraw a ligand from its binding site due to photoisomerization of an azobenzene linker. We describe here the properties of a glutamate photoswitch that controls an ion channel in cells. Affinity labeling and geometric constraints ensure that the photoswitch controls only the targeted channel, and enables spatial patterns of light to favor labeling in one location over another. Photoswitching to the activating state places a tethered glutamate at a high (millimolar) effective local concentration near the binding site. The fraction of active channels can be set in an analog manner by altering the photostationary state with different wavelengths. The bistable photoswitch can be turned on with millisecond-long pulses at one wavelength, remain on in the dark for minutes, and turned off with millisecond long pulses at the other wavelength, yielding sustained activation with minimal irradiation. The system provides rapid, reversible remote control of protein function that is selective without orthogonal chemistry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM trauner@berkeley.edu; ehud@berkeley.edu RI Gorostiza, Pau/Q-2544-2015 OI Gorostiza, Pau/0000-0002-7268-5577 NR 33 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 26 BP 10865 EP 10870 DI 10.1073/pnas.0701274104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 184LC UT WOS:000247641900023 PM 17578923 ER PT J AU Dybiec, M Chornokur, G Ostapenko, S Wolcott, A Zhang, JZ Zajac, A Phelan, C Sellers, T Gerion, D AF Dybiec, M. Chornokur, G. Ostapenko, S. Wolcott, A. Zhang, J. Z. Zajac, A. Phelan, C. Sellers, T. Gerion, D. TI Photoluminescence spectroscopy of bioconjugated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; SIZE AB The authors performed scanning photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy on CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) bioconjugated to Interleukin 10 (IL10) antibody. The influence of IL10 on the QD photoluminescence spectra was explored on samples dried on solid substrates at various temperatures. A "blue" up to 15 nm spectral shift of the PL maximum was observed on the bioconjugated QDs. The spectral shift is strongly increased after samples annealing above room temperature. A mechanism of the observed effect is attributed to changes in the QD electronic energy levels caused by local electric or stress field or chemical reactions which occurred on the QD surface. C1 Univ S Florida, Nanomat & Nanomfg Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ostapenko, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Nanomat & Nanomfg Res Ctr, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM ostapenk@eng.usf.edu NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 26 AR 263112 DI 10.1063/1.2752537 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FC UT WOS:000247625500077 ER PT J AU Shen, TD Feng, S Tang, M Valdez, JA Wang, Y Sickafus, KE AF Shen, Tong D. Feng, Shihai Tang, Ming Valdez, James A. Wang, Yongqiang Sickafus, Kurt E. TI Enhanced radiation tolerance in nanocrystalline MgGa2O4 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; AMORPHIZATION AB The authors demonstrate a substantial enhancement in radiation-induced amorphization resistance for single-phased nanocrystalline (NC) versus large-grained polycrystalline MgGa2O4. NC and large-grained MgGa2O4 were irradiated at similar to 100 K with 300 keV Kr++ ions to fluences ranging between 5x10(19) and 4x10(20) Kr/m(2). Large-grained MgGa2O4 samples began to amorphize by a fluence of 5x10(19) Kr/m(2), while NC MgGa2O4 remained crystalline with no evidence for structural changes (other than moderate grain growth in the lowermost implanted region), to a fluence of 4x10(20) Kr/m(2). To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study to reveal enhanced amorphization resistance in an irradiated, single-phase, NC material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 26 AR 263115 DI 10.1063/1.2753098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FC UT WOS:000247625500080 ER PT J AU Tatebayashi, J Khoshakhlagh, A Huang, SH Balakrishnan, G Dawson, LR Huffaker, DL AF Tatebayashi, J. Khoshakhlagh, A. Huang, S. H. Balakrishnan, G. Dawson, L. R. Huffaker, D. L. TI Lasing characteristics of GaSb/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots embedded in an InGaAs quantum well SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; LASERS AB The authors report the optical characteristics of GaSb/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an InGaAs quantum well (QW). Variations in the In composition of the QW can significantly alter the emission wavelength up to 1.3 mu m and emission efficiency. Lasing operation at room temperature is obtained from a 2-mm-long device containing five stacked GaSb QDs in In0.13Ga0.87As QWs at 1.026 mu m with a threshold current density of 860 A/cm(2). The probable lasing transition involves electrons and holes confined in the QW and QDs, respectively, resulting in a large peak modal gain of 45 cm(-1). A significant blueshift of the electroluminescence peak is observed with increased injection current and suggests a type-II band structure. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tatebayashi, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tatebaya@chtm.unm.edu; huffaker@chtm.unm.edu RI balakrishnan, ganesh/F-7587-2011; OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 26 AR 261115 DI 10.1063/1.2752018 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FC UT WOS:000247625500015 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Da Silva, JLF Wei, SH Al-Jassim, M AF Yan, Yanfa Da Silva, Juarez L. F. Wei, Su-Huai Al-Jassim, Mowafak TI Atomic structure of In2O3-ZnO systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; HOMOLOGOUS COMPOUNDS; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TRANSPARENT AB The authors present first-principles density-functional theory studies on the atomic structure of the In2O3-ZnO system. They find that the In2O3-ZnO system has a polytypoid structure, which consists of wurtzite (Zn/In)O slabs separated by single In-O octahedral layers that are inversion boundaries. Another type of boundary with polarity inversion formed by fivefold coordinated In and Zn atoms exists inside the (Zn/In)O slabs. The authors find that these polarity-inversion boundaries inside the (Zn/In)O slabs prefer a low-energy modulated structure. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yanfa_yan@nerl.gov RI Da Silva, Juarez L. F./B-5961-2008; Da Silva, Juarez L. F./D-1779-2011 OI Da Silva, Juarez L. F./0000-0003-0645-8760 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 26 AR 261904 DI 10.1063/1.2751596 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 184FC UT WOS:000247625500026 ER PT J AU Melfi, PJ Kim, SK Lee, JT Bolze, F Seidel, D Lynch, VM Veauthier, JM Gaunt, AJ Neu, MP Ou, Z Kadish, KM Fukuzumi, S Ohkubo, K Sessler, JL AF Melfi, Patricia J. Kim, Sung Kuk Lee, Jeong Tae Bolze, Frederic Seidel, Daniel Lynch, Vincent M. Veauthier, Jacqueline M. Gaunt, Andrew J. Neu, Mary P. Ou, Zhongping Kadish, Karl M. Fukuzumi, Shunichi Ohkubo, Kei Sessler, Jonathan L. TI Redox behavior of cyclo[6]pyrrole in the formation of a uranyl complex SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXPANDED PORPHYRINS; CHEMISTRY; HEXAPHYRINS; ELECTRON; ANION AB A uranyl complex, the first metal complex to be formed from the cyclo[n]pyrrole series of expanded porphyrins, is formed when cyclo[6]pyrrole is treated with the uranyl cation under aerobic conditions. Spectroscopic, spectroelectrochemical, and electron spin resonance data of this species are consistent with the ligand in the complex being oxidized to an antiaromatic form. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat & Life Sci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. JST, SORST, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Kadish, KM (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM kkadish@uh.edu; fukuzumi@chem.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp; sessler@mail.utexas.edu RI Fukuzumi, Shunichi /E-4728-2010; Ohkubo, Kei/E-5127-2012; OI Ohkubo, Kei/0000-0001-8328-9249; Gaunt, Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020; Veauthier, Jacqueline/0000-0003-2206-7786 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 13 BP 5143 EP 5145 DI 10.1021/ic700781t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 179QJ UT WOS:000247304600006 PM 17511451 ER PT J AU Botar, B Kogerler, P Hill, CL AF Botar, Bogdan Kogerler, Paul Hill, Craig L. TI Tetrairon and hexairon Hydroxo/Acetato clusters stabilized by multiple polyoxometalate scaffolds. Structures, magnetic properties, and chemistry of a dimer and a trimer SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONHEME IRON ENZYMES; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SELECTIVE EPOXIDATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; 1 ATM; COMPLEXES; HYDROXYLATION; ACTIVATION AB Investigation of the catalytically relevant gamma-diiron(III) Keggin complexes in aqueous acetate buffer leads to a dimeric C-2v-symmetric polyanion, [{Fe(OH)(OAc)}(4)(gamma-SiW10O36)(2)](12-) (3) and a trimeric C-2-symmetric polyanion, [{Fe-6(OH)(9)(H2O)(2)(OAc)(2)}(gamma-SiW10O36)(3)](17-) (4). Polyanion 3 incorporates a hydroxo/acetato-bridged tetrairon(III) core, while 4 incorporates a trigonal prismatic hydroxo/acetato-bridged hexairon(III) core. The monomeric building unit of 3 and 4, {gamma-SiW10Fe2}, adopts the "out-of-pocket" structural motif (with two corner-sharing FeO6 coordination polyhedra no longer connected to the internal SiO4 tetrahedron of the Keggin unit) also observed in the {gamma-SiW10Fe2}-type structures isolated from nonbuffered aqueous solutions. Following hydrolysis, 3 is converted to 4 as confirmed by Si-29 NMR. Magnetic measurements establish that in both 3 and 4 all exchange interactions are antiferromagnetic. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hill, CL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM chill@emory.edu RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 41 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 13 BP 5398 EP 5403 DI 10.1021/ic070126y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 179QJ UT WOS:000247304600040 PM 17518464 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Specht, ED AF Elmer, J. W. Palmer, T. A. Specht, E. D. TI In situ observations of sigma phase dissolution in 2205 duplex stainless steel using synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE synchrotron; in situ diffraction; duplex stainless steel; sigma phase; ferrite; austenite; transformation kinetics; thermodynamic calculations; dissolution temperature ID HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; TRANSFORMATIONS; TI-6AL-4V; CORROSION; CD3MN AB Synchrotron radiation was used to directly observe the transformation of ferrite, austenite and sigma phases during heating and cooling of 2205 duplex stainless steel. Sigma formed during the initial stages of heating, dissolved as the temperature was increased, and reformed on cooling. The dissolution temperature of sigma was measured to be 985 +/- 2.8 degrees C at a heating rate of 0.25 degrees C/s, and the kinetics of sigma formation at 850 degrees C was determined to be slower after dissolving at 1000 degrees C than before. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM elmer1@llnl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 459 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.071 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171IL UT WOS:000246729300021 ER PT J AU Smith, S Melkote, SN Lara-Curzio, E Watkins, TR Allard, L Riester, L AF Smith, Stephen Melkote, Shreyes N. Lara-Curzio, Edgar Watkins, Thomas R. Allard, Larry Riester, Laura TI Effect of surface integrity of hard turned AISI 52100 steel on fatigue performance SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE hard turning; surface integrity; fatigue life ID ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE; AISI 4340 STEEL; WHITE LAYERS AB This paper addresses the relationship between surface integrity and fatigue life of hard turned AIR 52100 steel (60-62 HRC), with grinding as a benchmark. The impact of superfinishing on the fatigue performance of hard turned and ground surfaces is also discussed. Specifically, the surface integrity and fatigue life of the following five distinct surface conditions are examined: hard turned with continuous white layer, hard turned with no white layer, ground, and superfinished hard turned and ground specimens. Surface integrity of the specimens is characterized via surface topography measurement, metallography, residual stress measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nano-indentation tests. High cycle tension-tension fatigue tests show that the presence of white layer does not adversely affect fatigue life and that, on average, the hard turned surface performs as well or better than the ground surface. The effect of superfinishing is to exaggerate these differences in performance. The results obtained from this study suggest that the effect of residual stress on fatigue life is more significant than the effect of white layer. For the hard turned surfaces, the fatigue life is found to be directly proportional to both the surface compressive residual stress and the maximum compressive residual stress. Possible explanations for the observed effects are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Melkote, SN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM shreyes.melkote@me.gatech.edu RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 459 IS 1-2 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.011 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171IL UT WOS:000246729300046 ER PT J AU Chang, ASP Kim, YS Chen, MF Yang, ZP Bur, JA Lin, SY Ho, KM AF Chang, Allan S. P. Kim, Yong Sung Chen, Minfeng Yang, Zu-Po Bur, James A. Lin, Shawn-Yu Ho, Kai-Ming TI Visible three-dimensional metallic photonic crystal with non-localized propagating modes beyond waveguide cutoff SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; BAND; EMISSION; WAVELENGTHS; TUNGSTEN; STATES AB We report experimental realization of a 5-layer threedimensional (3D) metallic photonic crystal structure that exhibits characteristics of a 3D complete bandgap extending from near-infrared down to visible wavelength at around 650 nm. The structure also exhibits a new kind of non-localized passband mode in the infrared far beyond its metallic waveguide cutoff. This new passband mode is drastically different from the well-known defect mode due to point or line defects. Threedimensional finite-difference-time-domain simulations were carried out and the results suggest that the passband modes are due to intra-structure resonances. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Opt Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chang, ASP (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM changa2@rpi.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 13 BP 8428 EP 8437 DI 10.1364/OE.15.008428 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194RJ UT WOS:000248361200059 PM 19547174 ER PT J AU Exarhos, GJ Zhou, XD AF Exarhos, Gregory J. Zhou, Xiao-Dong TI Discovery-based design of transparent conducting oxide films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Review DE transparent conducting oxide; conductivity; transparency; modeling; film deposition ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZNO THIN-FILMS; DOPED ZINC-OXIDE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ULTRASONIC SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; REMOTE HYDROGEN PLASMA; NICKEL-COBALT OXIDE; TIN-OXIDE AB The properties of TCO materials derive from the nature, number, and atomic arrangements of metal cations in crystalline or amorphous oxide structures, from the resident morphology, and from the presence of intrinsic or intentionally introduced defects. An enormous body of literature can be accessed from which empirical relationships between structure, composition, charge transport, and transparency have been developed. Previous reviews of this subject have indicated how such information may be used for engineering TCO properties; however, application of more rigorous science-based approaches to the design of materials with superior properties has only recently been tackled. This article summarizes current TCO research results, reviews processing approaches, presents a microscopic description of electronic conductivity in transparent metal oxide systems, and offers guidelines for the design and subsequent development of new materials. The review concludes with a glimpse of some recent work where impedance matching and quantum mechanical tunneling approaches would seem to provide future directions for improving transmissivity in these and similar conducting oxide systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM greg.exarhos@pnl.gov NR 229 TC 206 Z9 213 U1 18 U2 203 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 18 BP 7025 EP 7052 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.014 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 188CZ UT WOS:000247897900001 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wu, X Duda, A Teeter, G Demtsu, SH AF Zhou, J. Wu, X. Duda, A. Teeter, G. Demtsu, S. H. TI The formation of different phases of CuxTe and their effects on CdTe/CdS solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE cadmium telluride; copper telluride; back contact; solar cells ID BACK-CONTACT; FILM; CU AB Material studies and device applications of CuxTe in an NREL-developed CdTe solar cell structured as glass/Cd2SnO4/ZnSnOx/CdS/CdTe are presented. The CuxTe primary back contact was formed by evaporating a Cu layer with various thicknesses at room temperature on HNO3/H3PO4 (NP) solution etched CdTe layer. A post-annealing was then followed. The structural evolution and electrical properties of CuxTe were investigated. Cu/Te ratio and post-annealing temperature are two processing parameters in this study The CuxTe phases are mainly controlled by the Cu/Te ratio. After a post-annealing at a low temperature, such as 100 degrees C, no CqTe phase transformation from its as-deposited phase was observed. A post-annealing treatment at a higher temperature, such as 250 degrees C, can reveal the stoichiometric CuxTe phases based on the Cu/Te ratio used in the devices. But a post-annealing at a further higher temperature, such as 400 degrees C, resulted in a complicated CqTe phase appearance. CuTe, CU1,4Te, and CU2Te are three major phases detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for different Cu thickness application annealed at 250 degrees C. Application of Cu thicker than 60 nm degrades open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and shunting resistance (R-sh), but increases series resistance (R-s). The correlation between device performance and the CuxTe back contact illustrates that the process used for forming the CU2Te back contact failed to produce good fill factor (FF) and also introduced higher barrier height. The best device was observed for a back contact with a mixed CU1.4Te and CuTe phases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Jie_Zhou@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 18 BP 7364 EP 7369 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.032 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 188CZ UT WOS:000247897900054 ER PT J AU Arimoto, M Kawai, N Suzuki, M Sato, R Pazmino, NV Shimokawabe, T Ishimura, T Kotoku, J Yoshida, A Tamagawa, T Shirasaki, Y Matsuoka, M Nakagawa, Y Ishikawa, N Kobayashi, A Sugita, S Takahashi, I Kuwahara, M Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I Atteia, JL Pelangeon, A Vanderspek, R Graziani, C Prigozhin, G Villasenor, J Jernigan, JG Crew, GB Hurley, K Sakamoto, T Ricker, GR Woosley, SE Butler, N Levine, A Doty, JP Donaghy, TQ Lamb, DQ Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G AF Arimoto, Makoto Kawai, Nobuyuki Suzuki, Motoko Sato, Rie Pazmino, Nicolas Vasquez Shimokawabe, Takashi Ishimura, Takuto Kotoku, Jun'ichi Yoshida, Atsumasa Tamagawa, Toru Shirasaki, Yuji Matsuoka, Masaru Nakagawa, Yujin Ishikawa, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, Akina Sugita, Satoshi Takahashi, Ichiro Kuwahara, Makoto Yamauchi, Makoto Takagishi, Kunio Hatsukade, Isamu Atteia, Jean-Luc Pelangeon, Alexandre Vanderspek, Roland Graziani, Carlo Prigozhin, Gregory Villasenor, Joel Jernigan, J. Garrett Crew, Geoffrey B. Hurley, Kevin Sakamoto, Takanori Ricker, George R. Woosley, Stanford E. Butler, Nat Levine, Al Doty, John P. Donaghy, Timothy Q. Lamb, Donald Q. Fenimore, Edward E. Galassi, Mark Boer, Michel Dezalay, Jean-Pascal Olive, Jean-Francois Braga, Joao Manchanda, Ravi Pizzichini, Graziella TI HETE-2 observations of the X-ray flash XRF 040916 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts; X-rays : individual (XRF 040916) ID BURST AFTERGLOWS; REFRESHED SHOCKS; JET; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; GRB-011211; INJECTION; SPECTRA; FLARES; MODEL AB A long X-ray flash was detected and localized by instruments aboard the High Energy Transient Explorer II (HETE-2) at 00:03:30 UT on 2004 September 16. The position was reported to the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN) approximately 2 hours after the burst. This burst consisted of two peaks separated by similar to 200 s, with durations of about 110 s and 60 s. We analyzed the energy spectra of the 1st and 2nd peaks observed with the Wide Field X-Ray Monitor (WXM) and the French Gamma Telescope (FREGATE). We discuss the origin of the 2nd peak in terms of the flux variabilities and timescales. We find that it is most likely to be part of prompt emission, and is explained by a long-acting engine model. This feature is similar to some bright X-ray flares detected in the early afterglow phase of bursts observed by the Swift satellite. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. JAXA, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, LATT, UPS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Noqsi Aerospace Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. IASF Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Arimoto, M (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-21-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM arimoto@hp.phys.titech.ac.jp NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.3.695 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 188ZV UT WOS:000247958900020 ER PT J AU Linder, EV AF Linder, Eric V. TI Theory challenges of the accelerating Universe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IRGAC 2006 Meeting CY 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID DARK ENERGY AB The accelerating expansion of the Universe presents an exciting, fundamental challenge to the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. I highlight some of the outstanding challenges in both developing theoretical models and interpreting without bias the observational results from precision cosmology experiments in the next decade that will return data to help reveal the nature of the new physics. Examples given focus on distinguishing a new component of energy from a new law of gravity, and the effect of early dark energy on baryon acoustic oscillations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 25 BP 6697 EP 6705 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/S14 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 176HD UT WOS:000247074600015 ER PT J AU Miquel, R AF Miquel, Ramon TI Cosmology with type-Ia supernovae SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IRGAC 2006 Meeting CY 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; OMEGA(LAMBDA); UNCERTAINTIES; PARAMETERS; OMEGA(M); LAMBDA; SET AB I review the use of type-Ia supernovae (SNe) for cosmological studies. After briefly recalling the main features of type-Ia SNe that lead to their use as cosmological probes, I briefly describe current and planned type-Ia SNe surveys, with special emphasis on their physics reach in the presence of systematic uncertainties, which will be dominant in nearly all cases. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Fis Altes Energies, Inst Catalana Recerca Estudis Avancatas, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. RP Miquel, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ramon.miquel@ifae.es OI Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 25 BP 6743 EP 6755 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/S19 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 176HD UT WOS:000247074600020 ER PT J AU Roura, A AF Roura, Albert TI Quantum horizon fluctuations of an evaporating black hole SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IRGAC 2006 Meeting CY 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN AB The quantum fluctuations of a black hole spacetime are studied within a low-energy effective field theory approach to quantum gravity. Our approach accounts for both intrinsic metric fluctuations and those induced by matter fields interacting with the gravitational field. Here we will concentrate on spherically symmetric fluctuations of the black hole horizon. Our results suggest that for a sufficiently massive evaporating black hole, fluctuations can accumulate over time and become significant well before reaching Planckian scales. In addition, we provide the sketch of a proof that the symmetrized two-point function of the stress-tensor operator smeared over a null hypersurface is actually divergent and discuss the implications for the analysis of horizon fluctuations. Finally, a natural way to probe quantum metric fluctuations near the horizon is briefly described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roura, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM roura@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 25 BP 7075 EP 7080 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/25/S64 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 176HD UT WOS:000247074600065 ER PT J AU Nuno, M Chowell, G Gumel, AB AF Nuno, M. Chowell, G. Gumel, A. B. TI Assessing the role of basic control measures, antivirals and vaccine in curtailing pandemic influenza: scenarios for the US, UK and the Netherlands SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE influenza; pandemic; basic reproduction number; compartmental model; antivirals; vaccination; basic control measures ID UNITED-STATES; STRATEGIES; MODELS; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; IMPACT AB An increasing number of avian flu cases in humans, arising primarily from direct contact with poultry, in several regions of the world have prompted the urgency to develop pandemic preparedness plans worldwide. Leading recommendations in these plans include basic public health control measures for minimizing transmission in hospitals and communities, the use of antiviral drugs and vaccination. This paper presents a mathematical model for the evaluation of the pandemic flu preparedness plans of the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands. The model is used to assess single and combined interventions. Using data from the US, we show that hospital and community transmission control measures alone can be highly effective in reducing the impact of a potential flu pandemic. We further show that while the use of antivirals alone could lead to very significant reductions in the burden of a pandemic, the combination of transmission control measures, antivirals and vaccine gives the most 'optimal' result. However, implementing such an optimal strategy at the onset of a pandemic may not be realistic. Thus, it is important to consider other plausible alternatives. An optimal preparedness plan is largely dependent on the availability of resources; hence, it is country-specific. We show that countries with limited antiviral stockpiles should emphasize their use therapeutically (rather than prophylactically). However, countries with large antiviral stockpiles can achieve greater reductions in disease burden by implementing them both prophylactically and therapeutically. This study promotes alternative strategies that may be feasible and attainable for the US, UK and the Netherlands. It emphasizes the role of hospital and community transmission control measures in addition to the timely administration of antiviral treatment in reducing the burden of a flu pandemic. The latter is consistent with the preparedness plans of the UK and the Netherlands. Our results indicate that for low efficacy and coverage levels of antivirals and vaccine, the use of a vaccine leads to the greatest reduction in morbidity and mortality compared with the singular use of antivirals. However, as these efficacy and coverage levels are increased, the use of antivirals is more effective. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Math Modeling & Anal Grp MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Math, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Nuno, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mnuno@hsph.harvard.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07358, T32 AI007358] NR 36 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 4 IS 14 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.1098/rsif.2006.0186 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 179SZ UT WOS:000247311700007 PM 17251132 ER PT J AU Fraser, CS Berry, KE Hershey, JWB Doudna, JA AF Fraser, Christopher S. Berry, Katherine E. Hershey, John W. B. Doudna, Jennifer A. TI eIF3j is located in the decoding center of the human 40S ribosomal subunit SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID INITIATION-FACTOR 3; RNA RECOGNITION MOTIF; TRANSLATION INITIATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PREINITIATION COMPLEX; RABBIT RETICULOCYTES; SIGNAL RECOGNITION; MESSENGER-RNAS; BINDING; EIF1A AB Protein synthesis in all cells begins with the ordered binding of the small ribosomal subunit to messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). In eukaryotes, translation initiation factor 3 (elF3) is thought to play an essential role in this process by influencing mRNA and tRNA binding through indirect interactions on the backside of the 40S subunit. Here we show by directed hydroxyl radical probing that the human elF3 subunit elF3j binds to the aminoacyl (A) site and mRNA entry channel of the 40S subunit, placing elF3j directly in the ribosomal decoding center. elF3j also interacts with elF1A and reduces 40S subunit affinity for mRNA. A high affinity for mRNA is restored upon recruitment of initiator tRNA, even though elF3j remains in the mRNA-binding cleft in the presence of tRNA. These results suggest that elF3j functions in part by regulating access of the mRNA-binding cleft in response to initiation factor binding. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu RI Fraser, Christopher/H-9186-2013 NR 44 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 811 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 184KI UT WOS:000247639600006 PM 17588516 ER PT J AU Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuno, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S Van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wuerthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P.-H. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Cilijak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. DaRonco, S. Datta, M. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Forrester, S. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B.-Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S.-C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ivanov, A. Iyutin, B. James, E. Jang, D. Jayatilaka, B. Jeans, D. Jeon, E. J. Jindariani, S. Johnson, W. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Jung, J. E. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kemp, Y. Kephart, R. Kerzel, U. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Klute, M. Knuteson, B. Ko, B. R. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kraan, A. C. Kraus, J. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kubo, T. Kuhlmann, S. E. Kuhr, T. Kulkarni, N. P. Kusakabe, Y. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Lai, S. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. LeCompte, T. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, Y. J. Lee, S. W. Lefevre, R. Leonardo, N. Leone, S. Levy, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. Lin, C. S. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Lu, R.-S. Lucchesi, D. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. Lytken, E. Mack, P. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Malik, S. Manca, G. Manousakis, A. Margaroli, F. Marginean, R. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, M. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Martinez-Ballarin, R. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Masubuchi, T. Matsunaga, H. Mattson, M. E. Mazini, R. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzemer, S. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Messina, A. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miles, J. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyamoto, A. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mohr, B. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. Fernandez, P. Movilla Muelmenstaedt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagano, A. Naganoma, J. Nakamura, K. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Necula, V. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Nielsen, J. Nodulman, L. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Oldeman, R. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Papaikonomou, A. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Piedra, J. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Portell, X. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Ramakrishnan, V. Ranjan, N. Redondo, I. Reisert, B. Rekovic, V. Renton, P. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Roy, P. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salamanna, G. Salto, O. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savard, P. Savoy-Navarro, A. Scheidle, T. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scott, A. L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sfyrla, A. Shalhout, S. Z. Shapiro, M. D. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Sherman, D. Shimojima, M. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soderberg, M. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spinella, F. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. Staveris-Polykalas, A. St. Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Sun, H. Suslov, I. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Tiwari, V. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Tourneur, S. Trischuk, W. Tsuno, S. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. Vallecorsa, S. Van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, M. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wuerthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collarboration TI First measurement of the ratio of central-electron to forward-electron W partial cross sections in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PERTURBATIVE QCD; CDF EXPERIMENT; DETECTOR; TRACKING; TRIGGER AB We present a measurement of sigma(p (p) over bar -> W)xB(W -> e nu) at root s=1.96 TeV, using electrons identified in the forward region (1.2 <|eta|< 2.8) of the CDF II detector, in 223 pb(-1) of data. We measure sigma xB=2796 +/- 13(stat)(-90)(+95)(syst)+/- 162(lum) pb. Combining this result with a previous CDF measurement obtained using electrons in the central region (|eta|less than or similar to 1), we present the first measurement of the ratio of central-electron to forward-electron W partial cross sections R(exp)=0.925 +/- 0.006(stat)+/- 0.032(syst), consistent with theoretical predictions using Coordinated Theoretical-Experimental Project on QCD (CTEQ) and Martin-Roberts-Stirling-Thorne (MRST) parton distribution functions. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3, CNRS,UMR7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena & Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abulencia, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/K-9209-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/0000-0003-0588-6720; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 251801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.251801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400009 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Shpyrko, OG Pershan, PS Shin, K Russell, TP AF Alvine, Kyle J. Shpyrko, Oleg G. Pershan, Peter S. Shin, Kyusoon Russell, Thomas P. TI Comment on "Capillary filling of anodized alumina nanopore arrays" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Alvine, KJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 259602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.259602 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400062 ER PT J AU Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Bekele, S Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Dalsgaard, HH Debbe, R Gaardhoje, JJ Hagel, K Ito, H Jipa, A Johnson, EB Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Katrynska, N Kim, EJ Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lindal, S Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Nygaard, C Planeta, R Rami, F Renault, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sanders, SJ Scheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yin, Z Yang, H Zgura, IS AF Arsene, I. Bearden, I. G. Beavis, D. Bekele, S. Besliu, C. Budick, B. Boggild, H. Chasman, C. Christensen, C. H. Dalsgaard, H. H. Debbe, R. Gaardhoje, J. J. Hagel, K. Ito, H. Jipa, A. Johnson, E. B. Jorgensen, C. E. Karabowicz, R. Katrynska, N. Kim, E. J. Larsen, T. M. Lee, J. H. Lindal, S. Lovhoiden, G. Majka, Z. Murray, M. Natowitz, J. Nielsen, B. S. Nygaard, C. Planeta, R. Rami, F. Renault, F. Ristea, C. Ristea, O. Roehrich, D. Samset, B. H. Sanders, S. J. Scheetz, R. A. Staszel, P. Tveter, T. S. Videbaek, F. Wada, R. Yin, Z. Yang, H. Zgura, I. S. TI Production of mesons and baryons at high rapidity and high p(T) in proton-proton collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; QUARK AB We present particle spectra for charged hadrons pi(+/-), K-+/-, p, and (p) over bar from pp collisions at root s=200 GeV measured for the first time at forward rapidities (2.95 and 3.3). The kinematics of these measurements are skewed in a way that probes the small momentum fraction in one of the protons and large fractions in the other. Large proton to pion ratios are observed at values of transverse momentum that extend up to 4 GeV/c, where protons have momenta up to 35 GeV. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations describe the production of pions and kaons well at these rapidities, but fail to account for the large proton yields and small (p) over bar /p ratios. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France. Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchkowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 17843 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys Technol, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Inst Space Sci, Bucharest, Romania. RP Arsene, I (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RI Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012 OI Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 25 AR 252001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.252001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 181XJ UT WOS:000247469400012 PM 17678015 ER EF