FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Yi, CW Szanyi, J AF Yi, Cheol-Woo Szanyi, Janos TI D2O adsorption on an ultrathin alumina film on NiAl(110) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; THIN AL2O3 FILM; WATER-ADSORPTION; GROWTH; H2O; NIA1(110); FEO(111); ICE; AL2O3/NI3AL(110); INSTABILITY AB The structure of an ordered, ultrathin Al2O3 film grown on a NiAl(110) single-crystal surface and its interaction with D2O were studied by low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). LEISS demonstrated that the surface was mainly terminated by an oxygen layer, and TPD data of adsorbed D2O revealed that most of the water desorbed molecularly from Al2O3/NiAl(110). However, a small amount of dissociated water molecules during adsorption and/or TPD measurements was observed, and as a consequence the alumina film thickness increased after water adsorption/desorption. These results suggest that atomic oxygen and/or hydroxyl species, which are formed by dissociation of water, interact with subsurface aluminum atoms through defect sites and cause the increase in the alumina film thickness. In addition, a few monolayers of water can be transformed from the amorphous solid water (ASW) to the crystalline ice (CI) phase, as seen by IRAS. C1 Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999,MSIN K8-80, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov RI Yi, Cheol-Woo/B-3082-2010 OI Yi, Cheol-Woo/0000-0003-4549-5433 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 47 BP 17597 EP 17602 DI 10.1021/jp074459s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 234DO UT WOS:000251141100022 ER PT J AU Zhang, XW Pickin, KA Bose, R Jura, N Cole, PA Kuriyan, J AF Zhang, Xuewu Pickin, Kerry A. Bose, Ron Jura, Natalia Cole, Philip A. Kuriyan, John TI Inhibition of the EGF receptor by binding of MIG6 to an activating kinase domain interface SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; LUNG-CANCER; SIGNAL; COMPLEX; RALT; CONFORMATION; MUTATIONS; GEFITINIB; MECHANISM AB Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2/HER2, ERBB3/HER3 and ERBB4/HER4) are key targets for inhibition in cancer therapy(1). Critical for activation is the formation of an asymmetric dimer by the intracellular kinase domains, in which the carboxy-terminal lobe (C lobe) of one kinase domain induces an active conformation in the other(2). The cytoplasmic protein MIG6 (mitogen-induced gene 6; also known as ERRFI1) interacts with and inhibits the kinase domains of EGFR and ERBB2 (refs 3-5). Crystal structures of complexes between the EGFR kinase domain and a fragment of MIG6 show that a similar to 25-residue epitope (segment 1) from MIG6 binds to the distal surface of the Clobe of the kinase domain. Biochemical and cell-based analyses confirm that this interaction contributes to EGFR inhibition by blocking the formation of the activating dimer interface. A longer MIG6 peptide that is extended C terminal to segment 1 has increased potency as an inhibitor of the activated EGFR kinase domain, while retaining a critical dependence on segment 1. We show that signalling by EGFR molecules that contain constitutively active kinase domains still requires formation of the asymmetric dimer, underscoring the importance of dimer interface blockage in MIG6-mediated inhibition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@berkeley.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA096504, R01 CA096504-06] NR 22 TC 189 Z9 191 U1 4 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7170 BP 741 EP U13 DI 10.1038/nature05998 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 235BY UT WOS:000251209700058 PM 18046415 ER PT J AU Adams, GS Adams, T Bar-Yam, Z Bishop, JM Bodyagin, VA Brown, DS Cason, NM Chung, SU Cummings, JP Demianov, AI Danyo, K Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Fan, XL Gribushin, AM Hackenburg, RW Hayek, M Hu, J Ivanov, EI Joffe, D Kern, W King, E Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Kuhn, J LoSecco, JM Lu, M Malinina, LV Manak, JJ Nozar, M Olchanski, C Ostrovidov, AI Pedlar, TK Sarycheva, LI Seth, KK Shenhav, N Shen, X Shephard, WD Sinev, NB Stienike, DL Suh, JS Taegar, SA Tomaradze, A Vardanyan, IN Weygand, DP White, DB Willutzki, HJ Witkowski, M Yershov, AA AF Adams, G. S. Adams, T. Bar-Yam, Z. Bishop, J. M. Bodyagin, V. A. Brown, D. S. Cason, N. M. Chung, S. U. Cummings, J. P. Demianov, A. I. Danyo, K. Dowd, J. P. Eugenio, P. Fan, X. L. Gribushin, A. M. Hackenburg, R. W. Hayek, M. Hu, J. Ivanov, E. I. Joffe, D. Kern, W. King, E. Kodolova, O. L. Korotkikh, V. L. Kostin, M. A. Kuhn, J. LoSecco, J. M. Lu, M. Malinina, L. V. Manak, J. J. Nozar, M. Olchanski, C. Ostrovidov, A. I. Pedlar, T. K. Sarycheva, L. I. Seth, K. K. Shenhav, N. Shen, X. Shephard, W. D. Sinev, N. B. Stienike, D. L. Suh, J. S. Taegar, S. A. Tomaradze, A. Vardanyan, I. N. Weygand, D. P. White, D. B. Willutzki, H. J. Witkowski, M. Yershov, A. A. TI Confirmation of the 1(-+) meson exotics in the eta pi(0) system SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE meson spectroscopy; exotic mesons ID FLUX-TUBE MODEL; HYBRID MESONS; GEV/C; PHYSICS; STATES; REST; WAVE; QCD AB The exclusive reaction pi(-)p -> eta pi(0)n, eta -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) at 18 GeV/c has been studied with a partial wave analysis on a sample of 23 492 eta pi(0)n events from BNL experiment E852. A mass-dependent fit is consistent with a resonant hypothesis for the P+ wave, thus providing evidence for a neutral exotic meson with J(PC) = 1(-+), a mass of 1257 +/- 20 +/- 25 MeV/c(2), and a width of 354 +/- 64 +/- 60 MeV/c(2). New interpretations of the meson exotics in neutral eta pi(0) system observed in E852 and Crystal Barrel experiments are discussed. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bodyagin, V. A.; Demianov, A. I.; Gribushin, A. M.; Kodolova, O. L.; Korotkikh, V. L.; Kostin, M. A.; Malinina, L. V.; Sarycheva, L. I.; Sinev, N. B.; Vardanyan, I. N.; Yershov, A. A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Adams, G. S.; Cummings, J. P.; Hu, J.; Kuhn, J.; Lu, M.; Nozar, M.; White, D. B.; Witkowski, M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Adams, T.; Bishop, J. M.; Cason, N. M.; LoSecco, J. M.; Manak, J. J.; Shephard, W. D.; Stienike, D. L.; Taegar, S. A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bar-Yam, Z.; Dowd, J. P.; Hayek, M.; Kern, W.; King, E.; Shenhav, N.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Brown, D. S.; Fan, X. L.; Joffe, D.; Pedlar, T. K.; Seth, K. K.; Shen, X.; Tomaradze, A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chung, S. U.; Danyo, K.; Hackenburg, R. W.; Olchanski, C.; Suh, J. S.; Willutzki, H. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Eugenio, P.; Ostrovidov, A. I.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ivanov, E. I.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Shen, X.; Weygand, D. P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Korotkikh, VL (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. EM vlk@lav01.sinp.msu.ru RI Kodolova, Olga/D-7158-2012; Demianov, Andrei/E-4565-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 657 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.07.068 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 240NZ UT WOS:000251595600005 ER PT J AU Kang, QJ Lichtner, PC Zhang, DX AF Kang, Qinjun Lichtner, Peter C. Zhang, Dongxiao TI An improved lattice Boltzmann model for multicomponent reactive transport in porous media at the pore scale SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; DISSOLUTION; SIMULATION; FLOW; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; DEPOSITION; FRACTURES AB In this paper, we improve the lattice Boltzmann pore-scale model for multicomponent reactive transport in porous media developed in a previous study. Instead of applying a thermal boundary condition to solute transport, we rigorously derive the distribution function boundary condition for the total solute concentration. This is achieved first by correcting an expression of the particle distribution function in terms of the corresponding concentration and its gradient and then by deriving and using the relation that the nonequilibrium portion of the distribution function in opposite directions takes on opposite signs. We implement the new boundary condition in both the two-dimensional nine-speed (D2Q9) and four-speed (D2Q4) lattices. Simulations of reactive transport in various chemical and geometrical systems using different models are carried out, and results are compared to analytic expressions or two-dimensional FLOTRAN simulations. It is found that with this new boundary condition, the solute mass is strictly conserved by heterogeneous reactions, as was not the case using the thermal boundary condition. It is also found that compared with the D2Q9 model, the D2Q4 model has comparable accuracy and better computational efficiency. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol & Geochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Kang, QJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol & Geochem Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qkang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 NR 39 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 10 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 AR W12S14 DI 10.1029/2006WR005551 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 237CN UT WOS:000251350600001 ER PT J AU Khan, S Kuhn, G Ganguly, AR Erickson, DJ Ostrouchov, G AF Khan, Shiraj Kuhn, Gabriel Ganguly, Auroop R. Erickson, David J., III Ostrouchov, George TI Spatio-temporal variability of daily and weekly precipitation extremes in South America SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED PROBABILITY PLOT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE EVENTS; DAILY RAINFALL; TRENDS; STATISTICS; TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIA; WEIBULL; TESTS AB Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation extremes are investigated by utilizing daily observations available at 2.5 degrees gridded fields in South America for the period 1940-2004. All 65 a of data from 1940-2004 are analyzed for spatial variability. The temporal variability is investigated at each spatial grid by utilizing 25-a moving windows from 1965-2004 and visualized through plots of the slope of the regression line in addition to its quality measure (R(2)). The Poisson-generalized Pareto (Poisson-GP) model, which is a peaks over threshold (POT) approach, is applied to weekly precipitation maxima residuals based on the 95%-quantile threshold, while daily data are utilized to analyze the number of consecutive daily extremes and daily extremes in a month based on the 99%-quantile threshold. Using the Poisson-GP model, we compute parameters of the GP distribution, return levels (RL) and a new measure called the precipitation extremes volatility index (PEVI). The PEVI measures the variability of extremes and is expressed as a ratio of return levels. From 1965-2004, the PEVI shows increasing trends in the Amazon basin except eastern parts, few parts of the Brazilian highlands, north-west Venezuela including Caracas, north Argentina, Uruguay, Rio De Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Asuncion, and Cayenne. Catingas, few parts of the Brazilian highlands, Sao Paulo and Cayenne experience increasing number of consecutive 2- and 3-days extremes from 1965-2004. The number of daily extremes, computed for each month, suggest that local extremes occur mostly from December to April with July to October being relatively quiet periods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Khan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 29 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 11 AR W11424 DI 10.1029/2006WR005384 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 237CL UT WOS:000251350300001 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Matsunaga, N Nagata, T Gordon, MS Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L. Matsunaga, N. Nagata, T. Gordon, M. S. Ruedenberg, K. TI Accurate ab initio potential energy curve of F(2). III. The vibration rotation spectrum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; MULTIREFERENCE COUPLED-CLUSTER; DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; ELECTRONIC SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; EQUILIBRIUM BOND DISTANCES; TEMPERED ATOMIC ORBITALS; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES AB An analytical expression is found for the accurate ab initio potential energy curve of the fluorine molecule that has been determined in the preceding two papers. With it, the vibrational and rotational energy levels of F(2) are calculated using the discrete variable representation. The comparison of this theoretical spectrum with the experimental spectrum, which had been measured earlier using high-resolution electronic spectroscopy, yields a mean absolute deviation of about 5 cm(-1) over the 22 levels. The dissociation energy with respect to the lowest vibrational energy is calculated within 30 cm(-1) of the experimental value of 12 953 +/- 8 cm(-1). The reported agreement of the theoretical spectrum and dissociation energy with experiment is contingent upon the inclusion of the effects of core-generated electron correlation, spin-orbit coupling, and scalar relativity. The Dunham analysis [Phys. Rev. 41, 721 (1932)] of the spectrum is found to be very accurate. New values are given for the spectroscopic constants. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Long Isl Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ruedenberg@iastate.edu NR 132 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 20 AR 204313 DI 10.1063/1.2805392 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236TA UT WOS:000251325100022 PM 18052433 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Matsunaga, N Nagata, T Gordon, MS Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L. Matsunaga, N. Nagata, T. Gordon, M. S. Ruedenberg, K. TI Accurate ab initio potential energy curve of F(2). II. Core-valence correlations, relativistic contributions, and long-range interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; CHEMICAL DEFORMATION DENSITIES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ADIABATIC APPROXIMATION; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; INTERATOMIC FORCES; ATOMS AB The nonrelativistic, valence-shell-only-correlated ab initio potential energy curve of the F(2) molecule, which was reported in the preceding paper, is complemented by determining the energy contributions that arise from the electron correlations that involve the core electrons as well as the contributions that are due to spin-orbit coupling and scalar relativistic effects. The dissociation curve rises rather steeply toward the energy of the dissociated atoms because, at larger distances, the atomic quadrupole-quadrupole repulsion and spin-orbit coupling counteract the attractive contributions from incipient covalent binding and correlation forces including dispersion. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Long Isl Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ruedenberg@iastate.edu NR 65 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 20 AR 204301 DI 10.1063/1.2801989 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236TA UT WOS:000251325100010 PM 18052421 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Foster, M Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F AF Colgan, J. Foster, M. Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. TI The evolution of the triple differential cross sections for the double photoionization of He and H-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; HELIUM; MOLECULE AB We use the time-dependent close-coupling method to explore the triple differential cross sections produced by double photoionization of He and H-2. Recent extensions of our technique have allowed extraction of the triple differential cross section as the double photoionization process evolves, allowing further exploration of the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that the angular distributions of the two outgoing electrons typically reach a converged shape after 5 or 6 field periods. We also further compare our method with recent experimental measurements, as well as demonstrating some similarities in the triple differential cross sections for He and for H2 at certain molecular orientations. C1 [Colgan, J.; Foster, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pindzola, M. S.; Robicheaux, F.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 22 BP 4391 EP 4402 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/22/008 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 243HH UT WOS:000251786900012 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Callahan, C Kalinin, SV Proksch, R AF Rodriguez, Brian J. Callahan, Clint Kalinin, Sergei V. Proksch, Roger TI Dual-frequency resonance-tracking atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A dual-excitation method for resonant-frequency tracking in scanning probe microscopy based on amplitude detection is developed. This method allows the cantilever to be operated at or near resonance for techniques where standard phase locked loops are not possible. This includes techniques with non-acoustic driving where the phase of the driving force is frequency and/or position dependent. An example of the latter is piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), where the resonant frequency of the cantilever is strongly dependent on the contact stiffness of the tip-surface junction and the local mechanical properties, but the spatial variability of the drive phase rules out the use of a phase locked loop. Combined with high-voltage switching and imaging, dual-frequency, resonance-tracking PFM allows reliable studies of electromechanical and elastic properties and polarization dynamics in a broad range of inorganic and biological systems, and is illustrated using lead zirconate-titanate, rat tail collagen, and native and switched ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Rodriguez, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov; roger@asylumresearch.com RI Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012 OI Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152 NR 18 TC 192 Z9 193 U1 10 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 47 AR 475504 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/47/475504 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 228JF UT WOS:000250725500012 ER PT J AU Wang, ZL Tang, DW Zheng, XH Zhang, WG Zhu, YT AF Wang, ZhaoLiang Tang, DaWei Zheng, XingHua Zhang, WeiGang Zhu, YunTian TI Length-dependent thermal conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes: prediction and measurements SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE AB In this paper, we propose a modified wavevector (WV) model that takes account of the N-process relaxation time and second-order three-phonon process to predict the length dependence of the thermal conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The model is validated by length-dependent thermal conductivities of individual SWNTs measured using the four-pad 3 omega method. The fitted Gruneisen parameter is close to 2. for SWNTs. These results indicate that the effect of the second-order three-phonon process cannot be neglected at room temperature. Both the experimental and theoretical results prove that the thermal conductivity increases with length of SWNTs over the range of 0.5-7 mu m. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Engn Thermophys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tang, DW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Engn Thermophys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM dwtang@mail.etp.ac.cn RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 47 AR 475714 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/47/475714 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 228JF UT WOS:000250725500033 ER PT J AU Baer, GM Small, W Wilson, TS Benett, WJ Matthews, DL Hartman, J Maitland, DJ AF Baer, Geraldine M. Small, Ward, IV Wilson, Thomas S. Benett, William J. Matthews, Dennis L. Hartman, Jonathan Maitland, Duncan J. TI Fabrication and in vitro deployment of a laser-activated shape memory polymer vascular stent SO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; THROMBECTOMY DEVICE; STROKE; MODEL; POLYURETHANE; ANGIOPLASTY; DAMAGE; BLOOD; RESTENOSIS; NETWORKS AB Background: Vascular stents are small tubular scaffolds used in the treatment of arterial stenosis (narrowing of the vessel). Most vascular stents are metallic and are deployed either by balloon expansion or by self-expansion. A shape memory polymer (SMP) stent may enhance flexibility, compliance, and drug elution compared to its current metallic counterparts. The purpose of this study was to describe the fabrication of a laser-activated SMP stent and demonstrate photothermal expansion of the stent in an in vitro artery model. Methods: A novel SMP stent was fabricated from thermoplastic polyurethane. A solid SMP tube formed by dip coating a stainless steel pin was laser-etched to create the mesh pattern of the finished stent. The stent was crimped over a fiber-optic cylindrical light diffuser coupled to an infrared diode laser. Photothermal actuation of the stent was performed in a water-filled mock artery. Results: At a physiological flow rate, the stent did not fully expand at the maximum laser power (8.6 W) due to convective cooling. However, under zero flow, simulating the technique of endovascular flow occlusion, complete laser actuation was achieved in the mock artery at a laser power of similar to 8 W. Conclusion: We have shown the design and fabrication of an SMP stent and a means of light delivery for photothermal actuation. Though further studies are required to optimize the device and assess thermal tissue damage, photothermal actuation of the SMP stent was demonstrated. C1 [Baer, Geraldine M.; Small, Ward, IV; Wilson, Thomas S.; Benett, William J.; Matthews, Dennis L.; Maitland, Duncan J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Baer, Geraldine M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matthews, Dennis L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matthews, Dennis L.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hartman, Jonathan] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. [Hartman, Jonathan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Small, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gmbaer@ucdavis.edu; small3@llnl.gov; wilson97@llnl.gov; benett1@llnl.gov; matthews1@llnl.gov; jonathan.hartman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; maitland1@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000462, R01EB000462] NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 11 U2 55 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-925X J9 BIOMED ENG ONLINE JI Biomed. Eng. Online PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 6 AR 43 DI 10.1186/1475-925X-6-43 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 253ZO UT WOS:000252556300001 PM 18042294 ER PT J AU Sun, YG AF Sun, Yugang TI Direct growth of dense, pristine metal nanoplates with well-controlled dimensions on semiconductor substrates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOSPHERES; GOLD NANORODS; SURFACE; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; NANODISKS; GAAS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nat Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nat Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 BP 5845 EP 5847 DI 10.1021/cm7022407 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 234HH UT WOS:000251150900015 ER PT J AU Shin, TJ Yang, H Ling, MM Locklin, J Yang, L Lee, B Roberts, ME Mallik, AB Bao, Z AF Shin, Tae Joo Yang, Hoichang Ling, Mang-mang Locklin, Jason Yang, Lin Lee, Byeongdu Roberts, Mark E. Mallik, Abhijit Basu Bao, Zhenan TI Tunable thin-film crystalline structures and field-effect mobility of oligofluorene-thiophene derivatives SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; PENTACENE; STABILITY; DIFFRACTION; PERFORMANCE; MONOLAYERS; INTERFACE; SURFACES; DESIGN AB Air-stable p-type semiconducting oligofluorene-thiophene derivatives were vacuum-deposited on octadecyltriethoxysilane-treated SiO2/Si substrates. Effects of end-substituents and substrate deposition temperature (T-D) on molecular orientation, crystalline morphologies, and structures in these thin films were investigated by two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, and those results were correlated with charge mobility in top-contacted devices. Crystalline morphologies of the first monolayer thin film in direct contact with the dielectric surface, influenced by T(D)s (25, 90, and 140 degrees C) and end-substituted groups (hydrogen, hexyl, and dodecyl), could be categorized as dendrite, compact disk, and single-crystal-like layered grains. The results of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction strongly support that molecular orientation in the films can be finely tuned through controlling substrate, T-D, and molecular architecture, resulting in high air stability and field-effect mobility in a top-contacted electrode of organic thin film transistors. C1 Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shin, TJ (reprint author), Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM stj@postech.ac.kr; zbao@stanford.edu RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013; Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016; Shin, Tae Joo/R-7434-2016; OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194; Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650; Shin, Tae Joo/0000-0002-1438-3298; Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 24 BP 5882 EP 5889 DI 10.1021/cm0710599 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 234HH UT WOS:000251150900022 ER PT J AU Reagan, MT Moridis, GJ AF Reagan, Matthew T. Moridis, George J. TI Oceanic gas hydrate instability and dissociation under climate change scenarios SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; METHANE HYDRATE; BLAKE RIDGE; PALEOCENE; CLATHRATE; SEDIMENT; END AB Global oceanic deposits of methane gas hydrate (clathrate) have been implicated as the main culprit for a repeated, remarkably rapid sequence of global warming effects that occurred during the late Quaternary period. However, the behavior of contemporary oceanic methane hydrate deposits subjected to rapid temperature changes, like those predicted under future climate change scenarios, is poorly understood, and existing studies focus on deep hydrate deposits under equilibrium conditions. In this study, we simulate the dynamic response of several types of oceanic gas hydrate accumulations to temperature changes at the seafloor and assess the potential for methane release into the ecosystem. The results suggest that while many deep hydrate deposits are indeed stable under the influence of rapid seafloor temperature variations, shallow deposits, such as those found in arctic regions or in the Gulf of Mexico, can undergo rapid dissociation and produce significant carbon fluxes over a period of decades. Citation: Reagan, M. T., and G. J. Moridis ( 2007), Oceanic gas hydrate instability and dissociation under climate change scenarios, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22709, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031671. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reagan, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015 OI Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22709 DI 10.1029/2007GL031671 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 237AL UT WOS:000251344800005 ER PT J AU Chen, HY Di Mascio, M Perelson, AS Ho, DD Zhang, LQ AF Chen, Hannah Yuan Di Mascio, Michele Perelson, Alan S. Ho, David D. Zhang, Linqi TI Determination of virus burst size in vivo using a single-cycle SIV in rhesus macaques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dynamic; HIV; highly active antiretroviral therapy; half-life; modeling ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; CLEARANCE RATE; LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA; INTEGRATION; ASSAY; TRANSMISSION AB A single-cycle simian immunodeficiency virus (scSIV) that undergoes only one round of infection and replication was constructed to calculate the total number of virons produced by an SIV-infected cell in vivo. Four Mamu-A*01 rhesus macaques were inoculated on two occasions 11 weeks apart with the scSIV by ex vivo infection and i.v. reinfusion of autologous cells. After each inoculation, plasma viral loads peaked between 1 and 2.5 days and then declined exponentially in one or two phases to below detection limits within 2 weeks. Although higher levels of SIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and modest increases in antibody responses were observed for each animal after the second inoculation, decay rates of the infected cells were only minimally affected. Analyzing the viral load data with a mathematical model, the in vivo viral burst size averaged 4.0 x 10(4) and 5.5 x 10(4) virions per cell for the first and second inoculations, respectively, with no significant difference between the two inoculations. This estimate, in conjunction with our prior understanding of other quantitative viral and cellular parameters during SIV and HIV infection, provides critical insights into the dynamic process of viral production and its interplay with the infected host in vivo. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Pathogen Biol, AIDS Res Ctr, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China. Tsing Hua Univ, Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, LQ (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM lzhang@adarc.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, AI42669, AI46964, R01 AI028433, R01 AI046964, R37 AI028433] NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 48 BP 19079 EP 19084 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707449104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 239DK UT WOS:000251498700040 PM 18025463 ER PT J AU Snyder, JC Wiedenheft, B Lavin, M Roberto, FF Spuhler, J Ortmann, AC Douglas, T Young, M AF Snyder, Jamie C. Wiedenheft, Blake Lavin, Matthew Roberto, Francisco F. Spuhler, Josh Ortmann, Alice C. Douglas, Trevor Young, Mark TI Virus movement maintains local virus population diversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE virus dynamics; virus phylogeny; archaeal viruses; sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus; sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus ID HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA; ENVIRONMENTS; BIODIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; REVEALS; SIRV2; HIV-1 AB Viruses are the largest reservoir of genetic material on the planet, yet little is known about the population dynamics of any virus within its natural environment. Over a 2-year period, we monitored the diversity of two archaeal viruses found in hot springs within Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Both temporal phylogeny and neutral biodiversity models reveal that virus diversity in these local environments is not being maintained by mutation but rather by high rates of immigration from a globally distributed metacommunity. These results indicate that geographically isolated hot springs are readily able to exchange viruses. The importance of virus movement is supported by the detection of virus particles in air samples collected over YNP hot springs and by their detection in metacommunity sequencing projects conducted in the Sargasso Sea. Rapid rates of virus movement are not expected to be unique to these archaeal viruses but rather a common feature among virus metacommunities. The finding that virus immigration rather than mutation can dominate community structure has significant implications for understanding virus circulation and the role that viruses play in ecology and evolution by providing a reservoir of mobile genetic material. C1 Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Douglas, T (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tdouglas@chemistry.montana.edu; myoung@montana.edu RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 27 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 48 BP 19102 EP 19107 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709445104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 239DK UT WOS:000251498700044 PM 18025457 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Grossman, JC Reed, J Galli, G AF Lee, J. -H. Grossman, J. C. Reed, J. Galli, G. TI Lattice thermal conductivity of nanoporous Si: Molecular dynamics study SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SILICON NANOWIRES; MERIT; DEVICES; FIGURE AB Lattice thermal conductivity kappa(l) of Si with nanometer-sized pores along the [001] direction is calculated as a function of pore diameter (d(p)) and pore spacing (d(s)) by employing a molecular dynamics approach. Our results show that kappa(l) across pores is smaller than the bulk value by over two orders of magnitude at room temperature, and that it decreases (increases) as a function of d(p) (d(s)) for fixed d(s) (d(p)). This behavior is shown to originate from the reduction in the channels for phonon transport and the increased phonon scattering at the pore surfaces. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Nanosci & Nanoengn Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Nanosci & Nanoengn Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jhyoung73@berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 22 AR 223110 DI 10.1063/1.2817739 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SV UT WOS:000251324600076 ER PT J AU Lessard, GA Goodwin, PM Werner, JH AF Lessard, Guillaume A. Goodwin, Peter M. Werner, James H. TI Three-dimensional tracking of individual quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE TRACKING; SINGLE; DIFFUSION; RECEPTORS; DYNAMICS; LOCALIZATION; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; CELLS AB We describe an instrument that extends the state of the art in a single-molecule tracking technology, allowing extended observations of single fluorophores and fluorescently labeled proteins as they undergo directed and diffusive transport in three dimensions. We demonstrate three-dimensional tracking of individual quantum dots undergoing diffusion for durations of over a second at velocities comparable to those of intracellular signaling processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lessard, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwerner@lanl.gov OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1063/1.2819074 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SV UT WOS:000251324600103 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Pancholi, A Stoleru, VG Hanna, MC Norman, AG AF Zhang, Y. C. Pancholi, A. Stoleru, V. G. Hanna, M. C. Norman, A. G. TI Optical anisotropy of InGaAs/Ga(As,P) quantum dots grown on GaAs (311)B substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SURFACE AB Very high quality structures consisting of multilayer InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) were grown on (311)B GaAs by introducing strain-compensated Ga(As,P) barriers between adjacent QD layers. The dot optical anisotropy was studied by performing polarized photoluminescence (PL) measurements both on the surface and the edges of the samples. The observed in-plane optical anisotropy of the dots can be eventually related to the direction and the extent of the dot strain relaxation. The transverse electric mode of the edge-emitted PL showed about 5 degrees deviation from the sample surface for the dots grown on (311)B GaAs. This can be attributed to the tilted vertical alignment and the shape asymmetry of dots resulted from the substrate orientation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yczhang@udel.edu; gstoleru@udel.edu RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 22 AR 223109 DI 10.1063/1.2817239 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SV UT WOS:000251324600075 ER PT J AU Axelsen, JB Yan, KK Maslov, S AF Axelsen, Jacob Bock Yan, Koon-Kiu Maslov, Sergei TI Parameters of proteome evolution from histograms of amino-acid sequence identities of paralogous proteins SO BIOLOGY DIRECT LA English DT Article ID DUPLICATE GENES; SUBSTITUTION RATE; COMPLETE GENOMES; ROBUSTNESS; UNIVERSE; ORIGINS; FAMILY; SITES AB Background: The evolution of the full repertoire of proteins encoded in a given genome is mostly driven by gene duplications, deletions, and sequence modifications of existing proteins. Indirect information about relative rates and other intrinsic parameters of these three basic processes is contained in the proteome-wide distribution of sequence identities of pairs of paralogous proteins. Results: We introduce a simple mathematical framework based on a stochastic birth-and-death model that allows one to extract some of this information and apply it to the set of all pairs of paralogous proteins in H. pylori, E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and H. sapiens. It was found that the histogram of sequence identities p generated by an all-to-all alignment of all protein sequences encoded in a genome is well fitted with a power-law form similar to p(-gamma) with the value of the exponent. around 4 for the majority of organisms used in this study. This implies that the intraprotein variability of substitution rates is best described by the Gamma-distribution with the exponent alpha approximate to 0.33. Different features of the shape of such histograms allow us to quantify the ratio between the genome-wide average deletion/duplication rates and the amino-acid substitution rate. Conclusion: We separately measure the short-term ("raw") duplication and deletion rates, r(dup)(*), r(del)(*) which include gene copies that will be removed soon after the duplication event and their dramatically reduced long-term counterparts r(dup), r(del). High deletion rate among recently duplicated proteins is consistent with a scenario in which they didn't have enough time to significantly change their functional roles and thus are to a large degree disposable. Systematic trends of each of the four duplication/deletion rates with the total number of genes in the genome were analyzed. All but the deletion rate of recent duplicates r(del)(*) were shown to systematically increase with N(genes). Abnormally flat shapes of sequence identity histograms observed for yeast and human are consistent with lineages leading to these organisms undergoing one or more whole-genome duplications. This interpretation is corroborated by our analysis of the genome of Paramecium tetraurelia where the p(-4) profile of the histogram is gradually restored by the successive removal of paralogs generated in its four known whole-genome duplication events. C1 [Axelsen, Jacob Bock; Yan, Koon-Kiu; Maslov, Sergei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Axelsen, Jacob Bock] Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Models Life, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Yan, Koon-Kiu; Maslov, Sergei] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Maslov, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bock@nbi.dk; kyan@grad.physics.sunysb.edu; maslov@bnl.gov RI Yan, Koon-Kiu/A-5940-2009; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1745-6150 J9 BIOL DIRECT JI Biol. Direct PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 2 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1745-6150-2-32 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 277GN UT WOS:000254200800001 PM 18039386 ER PT J AU Shukla, AK AF Shukla, Anil K. TI Bimodal energy distributions in the scattering of Ar+ ions from modified surfaces at hyperthermal energies SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DISSOCIATION; COLLISIONS AB Collisions of Ar+ ions with three different surfaces have been studied by mass and energy resolved ion-scattering spectrometry. Kinetic energy distributions of scattered ions measured as a function of ion energy and scattering angle show two energetically and spatially distinct peaks corresponding to a low energy loss process and a very high energy loss process. The low energy loss peak is interpreted as due to the interaction of the Ar+ ions with the self-assembled monolayer surface acting as a bulk surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anil.shukla@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 1-3 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.043 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240GM UT WOS:000251575300010 ER PT J AU Karimova, OV Burns, PC AF Karimova, Oxana V. Burns, Peter C. TI Structural units in three uranyl perrhenates SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; OPEN-FRAMEWORK; NEPTUNIUM INCORPORATION; URANIUM; MOLYBDATES; PERTECHNETATE; COMPLEXES; COORDINATION; VANADATES AB Three uranyl perrhenates have been synthesized, and their structures have been determined. (UO2)(2)(ReO4)(4)(H2O)(3) (1) is triclinic, space group P (1) over bar, a = 5.2771(7), b = 13.100(2), c = 15.476(2) angstrom, alpha = 107.180(2), beta = 99.131(3), gamma = 94.114(2)degrees, V = 1001.12 angstrom(3), Z = 2. [(UO2)(4)(ReO4)(2)O(OH)(4)(H2O)(7)](H2O)(5) (2) is also triclinic, space group P (1) over bar, a = 7.884(1), b = 11.443(2), c = 16.976(2) angstrom, alpha = 83.195(4), beta = 89.387(4) gamma = 85.289(4)degrees, V = 1515.70 angstrom(3), Z = 2. Na(UO2)(ReO4)(3)(H2O)(2) (3) is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 12.311(3), b = 22.651(6), c = 5.490(1) angstrom, beta = 109.366(6)degrees, V = 1444.24 angstrom(3), Z = 4. These compounds are the first structurally characterized uranyl perrhenates that do not contain organic ligands. In each structure, perrhenate groups coordinate uranyl ions at the equatorial vertices of pentagonal bipyramids. 1 contains complex chains of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids that are bridged by vertex sharing with perrhenate groups. The structural units in 2 and 3 consist of three novel finite clusters that include the coordination of uranyl ions with perrhenate. In general, weakly coordinating ligands such as perchlorate, perrhenate, and pertechnetate are assumed not to form stable complexes with uranyl in solutions or solids. The current findings, together with other recently reported studies, indicate each of these ligands can coordinate uranyl, and novel structure types result. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burns, PC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; Karimova, Oxana/O-8135-2015; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 26 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 10108 EP 10113 DI 10.1021/ic701128b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 233SB UT WOS:000251109500012 PM 17973369 ER PT J AU Livescu, D Ristorcelli, JR AF Livescu, D. Ristorcelli, J. R. TI Buoyancy-driven variable-density turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MIXING TRANSITION; SHEAR-FLOW; RATIO AB Buoyancy-generated motions in an unstably stratified medium composed of two incompressible miscible fluids with different densities, as occurs in the variable-density Rayleigh-Taylor instability, are examined using direct numerical simulations. The non-equilibrium homogeneous buoyantly driven problem is proposed as a unit problem for variable density turbulence to study: (i) the nature of variable density turbulence, (ii) the transition to turbulence and the generation of turbulence by the conversion of potential to kinetic energy; (iii) the role of non-Boussinesq effects; and (iv) a parameterization of the initial conditions by a static Reynolds number. Simulations are performed for Atwood numbers up to 0.5 with root mean square density up to 50% of the mean density and Schmidt numbers, 0.1 <= Sc <= 2. The benchmark problem has been designed to have the largest mass flux possible and is, in this configuration, the maximally unstable non-equilibrium flow possible. It is found that the mass flux, owing to its central role in the conversion of potential to kinetic energy, is probably the single most important dynamical quantity to predict in lower-dimensional models. Other primary findings include the evolution of the mean pressure gradient: during the non-Boussinesq portions of the flow, the evolution of the mean pressure gradient is non-hydrostatic (as opposed to a Boussinesq fluid) and is set by the evolution of the specific volume pressure gradient correlation. To obtain the numerical solution, a new pressure projection algorithm which treats the pressure step exactly, useful for simulations of non-solenoidal velocity flows, has been constructed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Livescu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM livescu@lanl.gov; jrrj@lanl.gov OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 25 PY 2007 VL 591 BP 43 EP 71 DI 10.1017/S0022H2007008270 PG 29 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 238UZ UT WOS:000251474500003 ER PT J AU Hernon, D Walsh, EJ McEligot, DM AF Hernon, Domhnaill Walsh, Edmond J. McEligot, Donald M. TI Experimental investigation into the routes to bypass transition and the shear-sheltering phenomenon SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER RECEPTIVITY; CONTINUOUS-SPECTRUM; LEADING-EDGE; DISTURBANCES; FLOW; INSTABILITY; UPSTREAM; SPOT AB The objective of this investigation is to give experimental support to recent direct numerical simulation (DNS) results which demonstrated that in bypass transition the flow first breaks down to turbulence on the low-speed streaks (or so-called negative jets) that are lifted up towards the boundary-layer edge region. In order to do this, wall-normal profiles of the streamwise fluctuation velocity are presented in terms of maximum positive and negative values over a range of turbulence intensities (1.3-6%) and Reynolds numbers for zero pressure gradient flow upstream of, and including, transition onset. For all turbulence intensities considered, it was found that the peak negative fluctuation velocity increased in magnitude above the peak positive fluctuations and their positions relative to the wall shifted as transition onset approached; the peak negative value moved towards the boundary-layer edge and the peak positive value moved toward the wall. An experimental measure of the penetration depth (PD) of free-stream disturbances into the boundary layer has been gained through the use of the skewness function. The penetration depth (measured from the boundary-layer edge) scales as PD proportional to (omega Re(x)T(omega))(-0.3), where omega is the frequency of the largest eddies in the free stream, Re, is the Reynolds number of the flow based on the streamwise distance from the leading edge and tau(omega). is the wall shear stress. The parameter dependence demonstrated by this scaling compares favourably with recent solutions to the Orr-Sommerfeld equation on the penetration depth of disturbances into the boundary layer. The findings illustrate the importance of negative fluctuation velocities in the transition process, giving experimental support to suggestions from recent DNS predictions that the breakdown to turbulence is initiated on the low-speed regions of the flow in the upper portion of the boundary layer. The representation of pre-transitional disturbances in time-averaged form is shown to be inadequate in elucidating which disturbances grow to cause the breakdown to turbulence. C1 Univ Limerick, Stokes Res Inst, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Hernon, D (reprint author), Univ Limerick, Stokes Res Inst, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Limerick, Ireland. RI Analysis, Some/A-5852-2012 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 25 PY 2007 VL 591 BP 461 EP 479 DI 10.1017/S022112007008336 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 238UZ UT WOS:000251474500019 ER PT J AU Moschkau, P Schramm, S Hoffmann, J Fladerer, J Jooss, C Wu, L Zhu, Y AF Moschkau, P. Schramm, S. Hoffmann, J. Fladerer, J. Jooss, Ch. Wu, L. Zhu, Y. TI Electronic phase separation and the CMR effect in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 films on (001) vicinal SrTiO3 substrates SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoscale Tailoring of Defect Structures for Optimized Functional and Multifunctional Oxide Films held at the EMRS 2007 CY 2007 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP EMRS DE metal-insulator transitions; colossal resistance effects; manganites ID MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITES AB Our previous work showed that Pr1-xCaxMnO3 (x=0.2-0.5) thin films reveal an electronic phase separation, in which the low-temperature phase is orbital- and charge-ordered of the Zener-polaron type [Ch. Jooss, T. Beetz, L. Wu, M. Beleggia, R. Klie, M. Schofield, Y. Zhu, S. Schramm, J. Hoffmann, submitted for publication]. Applying a magnetic field leads to a ferromagnetic and conducting phase, which gives rise to the colossal magneto resistance effect (CMR). In this article we show that the orbital- and charge-ordered state could be significantly modified by different kind of lattice defects. Quenched disorder, present after the film deposition, can suppress long-range ordering. In addition, extended defects like twin boundaries act as a nucleation center for ordered domains, i.e. the hysteretic properties depend on the density of these defects. Well-ordered artificial anti-phase boundaries (APB) can be introduced by an epitaxial growth on vicinal substrates, leading to anisotropic transport properties with respect to the orientation of the APB. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moschkau, P.; Schramm, S.; Hoffmann, J.; Fladerer, J.; Jooss, Ch.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Mat Phys, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. [Wu, L.; Zhu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hoffmann, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Mat Phys, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. EM jhoffmann@ump.gwdg.de NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2007 VL 144 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2007.07.106 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 242RY UT WOS:000251744600017 ER PT J AU Anders, A Pasaja, N Lim, SHN Petersen, TC Keast, VJ AF Anders, Andre Pasaja, Nitisak Lim, Sunnie H. N. Petersen, Tim C. Keast, Vicki J. TI Plasma biasing to control the growth conditions of diamond-like carbon (vol 201, pg 4628, 2007) SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Lim, Sunnie/A-2827-2012; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2007 VL 202 IS 2 BP 414 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.019 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 234RY UT WOS:000251182600030 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV MacAyeal, DR Bindschadler, RA AF Sergienko, O. V. MacAyeal, D. R. Bindschadler, R. A. TI Causes of sudden, short-term changes in ice-stream surface elevation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTICA AB Recent satellite-borne observations of Antarctica's ice streams show sudden, spatially confined surface-elevation changes that are interpreted as caused by subglacial water movement. Using a numerical model of idealized ice-stream flow coupled to various simple treatments of subglacial bed conditions, we demonstrate that ice-stream flow dynamics significantly modulates the surface-elevation expression of processes taking place at the ice-stream bed. This modulation means that observed surface-elevation changes do not directly translate to basal-elevation changes, e. g. inflation or deflation of subglacial water pockets, of equal magnitude and shape. Thus, subglacial water volume change is not directly proportional to the area integral of surface-elevation changes. Model results show that ambiguities in interpretation of surface elevation changes can be overcome with additional measurements, such as of surface velocity change, and through development of methodology designed to understand transfer of basal change to surface change. C1 NASA, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher & Hydrospher Res Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), NASA, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher & Hydrospher Res Lab, Code 614,Bldg 33,Room A109, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM olga@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov OI MacAyeal, Douglas/0000-0003-0647-6176 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22503 DI 10.1029/2007GL031775 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235TP UT WOS:000251257500005 ER PT J AU Kilina, S Tretiak, S AF Kilina, Svetlana Tretiak, Sergei TI Excitonic and vibrational properties of single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotubes SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; CONJUGATED MOLECULES; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; DYNAMICS; ABSORPTION; PHONONS; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We review quantum-chemical studies of the excited-state electronic structure of finitesize semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using methodologies previously successfully applied to describe conjugated polymers and other organic molecular materials. The results of our simulations are in quantitative agreement with available spectroscopic data and show intricate details of excited-state properties and photoinduced vibrational dynamics in carbon nanotubes. We analyze in detail the nature of strongly bound first and second excitons in SWCNTs for a number of different tubes, emphasizing emerging size-scaling laws. Characteristic delocalization properties of excited states are identified by the underlying photoinduced changes in charge densities and bond orders. Due to the rigid structure, exciton-phonon coupling is much weaker in SWCNTs compared to typical molecular materials. Yet we find that, in the ground state, a SWCNT's surface experiences the corrugation associated with electron-phonon interactions. Vibrational relaxation following photoexcitation reduces this corrugation, leading to a local distortion of the tube surface, which is similar to the formation of self-trapped excitons in conjugated polymers. The calculated associated Stokes shift increases with enlargement of the tube diameters. Such exciton vibrational phenomena are possible to detect experimentally, allowing for better understanding of photoinduced electronic dynamics in nanotube materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kilina, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 120 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3405 EP 3420 DI 10.1002/adfm.200700314 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 239SF UT WOS:000251537300001 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Shinar, R Allison, AJ Shinar, J AF Zhou, Zhaoqun Shinar, Ruth Allison, Adam J. Shinar, Joseph TI Enhanced photoluminescence of oxygen sensing films through doping with high dielectric constant particles SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SENSORS; EFFICIENCY; BIOSENSORS; COMPLEXES; POLYMERS; GLUCOSE; PROBES; PHASE AB A uniquely simple approach to increase the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) of dye-doped sensor films is demonstrated for oxygen sensors, where the sensor film, i.e., Pt or Pd octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP or PdOEP, respectively)-doped polystyrene, is additionally doped with small-size particles that have a high dielectric constant, such as 360 nm-diameter titania (TiO2) particles. When excited by an organic light emitting device (OLED), the dye PL intensity increases up to similar to 10 fold, depending on the TiO2 concentration and the excitation source. The enhanced PL is attributed to light scattering by the embedded particles and possibly by voids in the film. The particles scatter the light that excites the PL, increasing the optical path of the exciting light and consequently the absorption of that light and the PL. The particles can also result in an increase in the PL outcoupling, reducing waveguiding to the film edges. The increased PL results in an improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in oxygen monitoring, without any deterioration or change in the response time or the long-term stability of the sensor films. In addition, at a given O-2 level, the dye PL decay time tau increases in the presence of the particles, but is independent of their concentration in the measured range. The improved S/N can improve the analyte limit of detection, allow shortened data acquisition times, and enable the use of low-intensity excitation sources to minimize potential dye photobleaching. In particular, it improves the performance of structurally integrated OLED-based chemical and biological sensors, which are drawing increasing attention due to their uniquely simple and flexible integration geometry. C1 Integrated Sensor Technol Inc, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Integrated Sensor Technol Inc, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM rshinar@iastate.edu; jshinar@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3530 EP 3537 DI 10.1002/adfm.200700324 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 239SF UT WOS:000251537300016 ER PT J AU Hooker, BS Bigelow, DJ Lin, CT AF Hooker, Brian S. Bigelow, Diana J. Lin, Chiann-Tso TI Methods for mapping of interaction networks involving membrane proteins SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review DE protein networks; membrane proteins; protein complexes; chromatography; cofractionation ID BLUE NATIVE ELECTROPHORESIS; TATA-BINDING PROTEIN; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ENZYME COMPLEX; YEAST PROTEOME; IN-VIVO AB Nearly one-third of all genes in various organisms encode membrane- associated proteins that participate in numerous protein-protein interactions important to the processes of life. However, membrane protein interactions pose significant challenges due to the need to solubilize membranes without disrupting protein-protein interactions. Traditionally, analysis of isolated protein complexes by high-resolution 2D gel electrophoresis has been the main method used to obtain an overall picture of proteome constituents and interactions. However, this method is time consuming, labor intensive, detects only abundant proteins and is limited with respect to the coverage required to elucidate large interaction networks. In this review, we discuss the application of various methods to elucidate interactions involving membrane proteins. These techniques include methods for the direct isolation of single complexes or interactors as well as methods for characterization of entire subcellular and cellular interactornes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hooker, BS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.hooker@pnl.gov OI Hooker, Brian/0000-0003-2010-1899 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 363 IS 3 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.031 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 223HA UT WOS:000250359400001 PM 17897627 ER PT J AU Pailloux, S Binyamin, I Deck, LM Rapko, BM Hay, BP Duesler, EN Paine, RT AF Pailloux, Sylvie Binyamin, Iris Deck, Lorraine M. Rapko, Brian M. Hay, Benjamin P. Duesler, Eileen N. Paine, Robert T. TI Oxidation reactivity channels for 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylacetamides SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; NITRIC-ACID; DOUBLE-CARBONYLATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; FISSION-PRODUCTS; TRUEX PROCESS; BASIS-SETS; N,P,P'-TRIOXIDE; AMERICIUM(III) AB [Graphics] Synthetic routes to 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide and 2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylacetamide are described along with results from the chemical oxidation of these compounds with peracetic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, and OXONE. In each case, oxidations generate four products in varying amounts depending on the oxidant and reaction conditions. Each product has been characterized by spectroscopic methods and the molecular structures of several of the new compounds have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paine, RT (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rtpaine@unm.edu OI Pailloux, Sylvie/0000-0001-7318-7089 NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 24 BP 9195 EP 9202 DI 10.1021/jo701408y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 232SM UT WOS:000251039700022 PM 17973526 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Hastings, MB Izraelevitz, D AF Ben-Naim, E. Hastings, M. B. Izraelevitz, D. TI Statistics of partial minima SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID PATHS; SET AB We study pseudo-optimal solutions to multi-objective optimization problems by introducing partial minima defined as follows. Point x k-dominates x' when at least k of the coordinates of x are smaller than the corresponding coordinates of x'. A point not k-dominated by any other point in the set is a k-minimum or a partial minimum, generalizing the global minimum. We study statistical properties of partial minima for a set of N points independently distributed inside the d-dimensional unit hypercube using exact probabilistic methods and heuristic scaling techniques. The average number of partial minima, A, decays algebraically with the total number of points, A similar to N-((d-k))(/k), when 1 <= k < d. Interestingly, there are k - 1 distinct scaling laws characterizing the largest coordinates: the distribution P( y(j)) of the j th largest coordinate, y(j), decays algebraically, P(y(j)) similar to ( y(j))(-alpha j-1), with a(j) = j d-k/k-j for 1 <= j <= k - 1. The average number of partial minima grows logarithmically, A similar or equal to 1/(d- 1)! (ln N)(d- 1), when k = d. The full distribution of the number of minima is obtained in closed form in two dimensions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; hastings@lanl.gov; izraelevitz@lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 47 BP F1021 EP F1030 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/47/F02 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 227WF UT WOS:000250687800002 ER PT J AU Beck, MJ Tsetseris, L Pantelides, ST AF Beck, M. J. Tsetseris, L. Pantelides, S. T. TI Stability and dynamics of frenkel pairs in si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SEMICONDUCTORS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS AB Extensive experiments and calculation have shown that interstitials in p-Si diffuse athermally, leading to the conclusion that vacancy-interstitial pairs, or Frenkel pairs (FPs), either rapidly recombine or dissociate, even at cryogenic temperatures. More recent experiments, however, suggest that FPs persist to 150 K. Here we report first-principles calculations of FP properties and resolve the apparent conflict between experiments by showing that athermal interstitial diffusion is suppressed in proximal FPs due to vacancy-interstitial interactions. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54214 Thessaloniki, Greece. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beck, MJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM m.beck@vanderbilt.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 215503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.215503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500031 PM 18233226 ER PT J AU Fishman, RS Reboredo, FA AF Fishman, Randy S. Reboredo, Fernando A. TI Giant negative magnetization in a layered organic magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERRIMAGNET; NETWORKS AB Bimetallic oxalates are a class of layered organic magnets with transition metals M(II) and M'(III) coupled by oxalate molecules in an open honeycomb structure. Energy, structure, and symmetry considerations are used to construct a reduced Hamiltonian, including exchange and spin-orbit interactions, that explains the giant negative magnetization in some of the ferrimagnetic Fe(II) Fe(III) compounds. We also provide new predictions for the spin-wave gap, the effects of uniaxial strain, and the optical flipping of the negative magnetization in Fe(II) Fe(III) bimetallic oxalates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fishman, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Reboredo, Fernando/B-8391-2009; Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 217203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500051 PM 18233246 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Moore, KL Murch, KW Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Gupta, Subhadeep Moore, Kevin L. Murch, Kater W. Stamper-Kurn, Dan M. TI Cavity nonlinear optics at low photon numbers from collective atomic motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; SINGLE PHOTONS; SCATTERING; SYSTEM AB We report on Kerr nonlinearity and dispersive optical bistability of a Fabry-Perot optical resonator due to the displacement of ultracold atoms trapped within. In the driven resonator, such collective motion is induced by optical forces acting upon up to 10(5 87)Rb atoms prepared in the lowest band of a one-dimensional intracavity optical lattice. The longevity of atomic motional coherence allows for strongly nonlinear optics at extremely low cavity photon numbers, as demonstrated by the observation of both branches of optical bistability at photon numbers below unity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/B-5442-2015 OI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/0000-0002-4845-5835 NR 27 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 213601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.213601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500022 PM 18233217 ER PT J AU Jeffries, JR Butch, NP Yukich, BT Maple, MB AF Jeffries, J. R. Butch, N. P. Yukich, B. T. Maple, M. B. TI Competing ordered phases in URu2Si2: Hydrostatic pressure and rhenium substitution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; FERMION SYSTEM URU2SI2; ORBITAL ORDER; HIDDEN-ORDER; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITIONS; MAGNETISM; DIAGRAM AB A persistent kink in the pressure dependence of the "hidden order'' (HO) transition temperature of URu2-xRexSi2 is observed at a critical pressure P-c = 15 kbar for 0 <= x <= 0.08. In URu2Si2, the kink at P-c is accompanied by the destruction of superconductivity, a change in the magnitude of a spin excitation gap, determined from electrical resistivity measurements; and a complete gapping of a portion of the Fermi surface (FS), inferred from a change in scattering and the competition between the HO state and superconductivity for FS fraction. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 217207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500055 PM 18233250 ER PT J AU Mocsy, A Petreczky, P AF Mocsy, Agnes Petreczky, Peter TI Color screening melts quarkonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLUON PLASMA; BOUND-STATES; GAUGE-THEORY; DISSOCIATION; SUPPRESSION; QUARKS AB We calculate quarkonium spectral functions in a quark-gluon plasma using a potential model based on full QCD lattice calculations of the free energy of a static quark-antiquark pair. We estimate the binding energy and the thermal width of different quarkonium states. The estimated upper limit for the dissociation temperatures is considerably lower than the ones suggested in the recent literature. C1 RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mocsy, A (reprint author), RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mocsy@bnl.gov; petreczk@bnl.gov NR 34 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 211602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.211602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500012 PM 18233207 ER PT J AU Nayak, GC Qiu, JW Sterman, G AF Nayak, Gouranga C. Qiu, Jian-Wei Sterman, George TI Color transfer in associated heavy-Quarkonium production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID J/PSI; QCD AB We study the production of heavy quarkonium in association with an additional heavy pair. We argue that important contributions may come from phase space regions where three heavy fermions are separated by relative velocities much lower than the speed of light, and to which standard effective field theories do not apply. In this region, infrared sensitive color exchange is specific to the presence of the unpaired (anti) quark. This effect vanishes as the motion of the additional particle becomes relativistic with respect to the pair, and is completely absent for massless quarks and gluons in the final state. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nayak, GC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 212001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.212001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500014 PM 18233209 ER PT J AU Nordlund, D Ogasawara, H Bluhm, H Takahashi, O Odelius, M Nagasono, M Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A AF Nordlund, D. Ogasawara, H. Bluhm, H. Takahashi, O. Odelius, M. Nagasono, M. Pettersson, L. G. M. Nilsson, A. TI Probing the electron delocalization in liquid water and ice at attosecond time scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND SOLVATION DYNAMICS; HYDRATED ELECTRON; EXCESS ELECTRONS; BOND BREAKING; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; EXCITATION; CLUSTERS; DEEXCITATION; DESORPTION AB We determine electron delocalization rates in liquid water and ice using core-hole decay spectroscopy. The hydrogen-bonded network delocalizes the electrons in less than 500 as. Broken or weak hydrogen bonds-in the liquid or at the surface of ice-provide states where the electron remains localized longer than 20 fs. These asymmetrically bonded water species provide electron traps, acting as a strong precursor channel to the hydrated electron. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hamburg, Dept Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Nilsson, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM nilsson@slac.stanford.edu RI Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Odelius, Michael/A-7628-2014; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Odelius, Michael/0000-0002-7023-2486; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 44 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 217406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500062 PM 18233257 ER PT J AU Sengupta, P Batista, CD AF Sengupta, P. Batista, C. D. TI Spin supersolid in an anisotropic spin-one heisenberg chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID HELIUM; GROUND-STATE; PHASE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We consider an S = 1 Heisenberg chain with strong exchange (Delta = J(z)/J(perpendicular to)) and single-ion uniaxial anisotropy (D) in a magnetic field (B) along the symmetry axis. The low-energy spectrum is described by an effective S = 1/2 XXZ model that acts on two different low-energy sectors for a finite range of fields. The vacuum of each sector exhibits Ising-like antiferromagnetic ordering coexisting with the finite spin stiffness obtained from the exact solution of the XXZ model. In this way, we demonstrate the existence of a spin supersolid phase. We also compute the full Delta - B quantum phase diagram using a quantum Monte Carlo method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, MPA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sengupta, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sengupta, Pinaki/B-6999-2011; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 217205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.217205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500053 PM 18233248 ER PT J AU Shen, DW Xie, BP Zhao, JF Yang, LX Fang, L Shi, J He, RH Lu, DH Wen, HH Feng, DL AF Shen, D. W. Xie, B. P. Zhao, J. F. Yang, L. X. Fang, L. Shi, J. He, R. H. Lu, D. H. Wen, H. H. Feng, D. L. TI Novel mechanism of a charge density wave in a transition metal dichalcogenide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; PHOTOEMISSION; 2H-TASE2; 2H-NBSE2 AB The charge density wave (CDW) is usually associated with Fermi surfaces nesting. We here report a new CDW mechanism discovered in a 2H-structured transition metal dichalcogenide, where the two essential ingredients of the CDW are realized in very anomalous ways due to the strong-coupling nature of the electronic structure. Namely, the CDW gap is only partially open, and charge density wave vector match is fulfilled through participation of states of the large Fermi patch, while the straight Fermi surface sections have secondary or negligible contributions. C1 Fudan Univ, Appl Surface Phys State Key Lab, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Feng, DL (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Appl Surface Phys State Key Lab, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM dlfeng@fudan.edu.cn RI He, Ruihua/A-6975-2010; Fang, Lei /K-2017-2013; Yang, lexian /G-1123-2016 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 216404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.216404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500041 PM 18233236 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Islam, Z Ren, Y Parilla, PA Ahrenkiel, SP Lee, PL Mascarenhas, A McNevin, MJ Naumov, I Fu, HX Huang, XY Li, J AF Zhang, Y. Islam, Z. Ren, Y. Parilla, P. A. Ahrenkiel, S. P. Lee, P. L. Mascarenhas, A. McNevin, M. J. Naumov, I. Fu, H. -X. Huang, X. -Y. Li, J. TI Zero thermal expansion in a nanostructured inorganic-organic hybrid crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE; ZN; CD AB There are very few materials that exhibit zero thermal expansion (ZTE), and of these even fewer are appropriate for electronic and optoelectronic applications. We find that a multifunctional crystalline hybrid inorganic-organic semiconductor, beta-ZnTe(en)(0.5) (en denotes ethylenediamine), shows uniaxial ZTE in a very broad temperature range of 4-400 K, and concurrently possesses superior electronic and optical properties. The ZTE behavior is a result of compensation of contraction and expansion of different segments along the inorganic-organic stacking axis. This work suggests an alternative route to designing materials in a nanoscopic scale with ZTE or any desired positive or negative thermal expansion (PTE or NTE), which is supported by preliminary data for ZnTe(pda)(0.5) (pda denotes 1,3-propanediamine) with a larger molecule. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yong_zhang@nrel.gov RI Huang, Xiao-Ying/E-9705-2011 OI Huang, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-3514-216X NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 21 AR 215901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.215901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233RH UT WOS:000251107500034 PM 18233229 ER PT J AU Nakata, M Zanchetta, G Chapman, BD Jones, CD Cross, JO Pindak, R Bellini, T Clark, NA AF Nakata, Michi Zanchetta, Giuliano Chapman, Brandon D. Jones, Christopher D. Cross, Julie O. Pindak, Ronald Bellini, Tommaso Clark, Noel A. TI End-to-end stacking and liquid crystal condensation of 6-to 20-base pair DNA duplexes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDERED PHASES; POLYDISPERSITY; BEHAVIOR; LENGTH AB Short complementary B-form DNA oligomers, 6 to 20 base pairs in length, are found to exhibit nematic and columnar liquid crystal phases, even though such duplexes lack the shape anisotropy required for liquid crystal ordering. Structural study shows that these phases are produced by the end-to-end adhesion and consequent stacking of the duplex oligomers into polydisperse anisotropic rod-shaped aggregates, which can order into liquid crystals. Upon cooling mixed solutions of short DNA oligomers, in which only a small fraction of the DNA present is complementary, the duplex-forming oligomers phase-separate into liquid crystal droplets, leaving the unpaired single strands in isotropic solution. In a chemical environment where oligomer ligation is possible, such ordering and condensation would provide an autocatalytic link whereby complementarity promotes the extended polymerization of complementary oligomers. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Chim Biochim & Biotecnol Med, Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bellini, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tommaso.bellini@unimi.it; noel.clark@colorado.edu RI Zanchetta, Giuliano/C-5952-2008; Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010; Bellini, Tommaso/M-5510-2014 OI Zanchetta, Giuliano/0000-0002-6650-0353; Bellini, Tommaso/0000-0003-4898-4400 NR 35 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 7 U2 54 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5854 BP 1276 EP 1279 DI 10.1126/science.1143826 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233JG UT WOS:000251086600036 PM 18033877 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Koshelev, AE Kurter, C Gopalsami, N Li, Q Tachiki, M Kadowaki, K Yamamoto, T Minami, H Yamaguchi, H Tachiki, T Gray, KE Kwok, WK Welp, U AF Ozyuzer, L. Koshelev, A. E. Kurter, C. Gopalsami, N. Li, Q. Tachiki, M. Kadowaki, K. Yamamoto, T. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, H. Tachiki, T. Gray, K. E. Kwok, W.-K. Welp, U. TI Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; RESONANT MODES; FLUX-FLOW; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ARRAYS; FISKE AB Compact solid-state sources of terahertz (THz) radiation are being sought for sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy applications across the physical and biological sciences. We demonstrate that coherent continuous-wave THz radiation of sizable power can be extracted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. In analogy to a laser cavity, the excitation of an electromagnetic cavity resonance inside the sample generates a macroscopic coherent state in which a large number of junctions are synchronized to oscillate in phase. The emission power is found to increase as the square of the number of junctions reaching values of 0.5 microwatt at frequencies up to 0.85 THz, and persists up to similar to 50 kelvin. These results should stimulate the development of superconducting compact sources of THz radiation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Natl Def Acad, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. RP Welp, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM welp@anl.gov RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011; Li, Qingan/L-3778-2013; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 28 TC 406 Z9 416 U1 7 U2 106 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 23 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5854 BP 1291 EP 1293 DI 10.1126/science.1149802 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233JG UT WOS:000251086600040 PM 18033881 ER PT J AU Goodman, AL Busch, A Bustin, RM Chikatamarla, L Day, S Duffy, GJ Fitzgerald, JE Gasern, KAM Gensterblum, Y Hartman, C Jing, C Krooss, BM Mohammed, S Pratt, T Robinson, RL Romanov, V Sakurovs, R Schroeder, K White, CM AF Goodman, A. L. Busch, A. Bustin, R. M. Chikatamarla, L. Day, S. Duffy, G. J. Fitzgerald, J. E. Gasern, K. A. M. Gensterblum, Y. Hartman, C. Jing, C. Krooss, B. M. Mohammed, S. Pratt, T. Robinson, R. L., Jr. Romanov, V. Sakurovs, R. Schroeder, K. White, C. M. TI Inter-laboratory comparison II: CO2 Isotherms measured on moisture-equilibrated Argonne premium coals at 55 degrees C and up to 15 MPa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 sorption; CO2 storage capacity; CO2 isotherm; argonne premium coal; carbon sequestration ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; ACTIVATED CARBON; METHANE; PRESSURE; SORPTION; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; GAS; DRY AB Sorption isotherms, which describe the coal's gas storage capacity, are important for estimating the carbon sequestration potential of coal seams. This study investigated the inter-laboratory reproducibility of carbon dioxide isotherm measurements on moisture-equilibrated Argonne premium coal samples (Pocahontas No. 3, Illinois No. 6, and Beulah Zap). Six independent laboratories provided isotherm data on the three moisture-equilibrated coal samples at 55 degrees C and pressures up to 15 MPa. Agreement among the laboratories was good up to 8 MPa. At the higher pressures, the data among the laboratories diverged significantly for two of the laboratories and coincided reasonably well for four of the laboratories. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. CSIRO Energy Technol, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Geol & Geochem Petr & Coal, Aachen, Germany. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Stillwater, OK USA. TICORA Geosci Inc, Arvada, CO 80007 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Goodman, AL (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM angela.goodman@netl.doe.gov RI Romanov, Vyacheslav/C-6467-2008; Mohammad, Sayeed/H-5737-2011; Krooss, Bernhard/L-3658-2013; Busch, Andreas/O-1911-2015 OI Romanov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8850-3539; Mohammad, Sayeed/0000-0002-1238-932X; Busch, Andreas/0000-0002-3279-5202 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2007.01.005 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 237NB UT WOS:000251380000001 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Friedel, RHW Reeves, GD Cayton, TE Christensen, R AF Chen, Y. Friedel, R. H. W. Reeves, G. D. Cayton, T. E. Christensen, R. TI Multisatellite determination of the relativistic electron phase space density at geosynchronous orbit: An integrated investigation during geomagnetic storm times SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; WHISTLER-MODE CHORUS; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; PREDICTION; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; WAVES AB [1] An integrated investigation method, which can study the relativistic electron phase space density distribution and check the reliability of employed magnetic field models simultaneously, is developed and applied to the geosynchronous orbit region for 53 geomagnetic storms during a similar to 190- d period. First, to test how the magnetospheric magnetic field affects the study of phase space density, two approaches are taken on handling the magnetic field model: One is to use an existing empirical model through the whole storm period; the other is to select one from a list of existing magnetic field models for each time bin during the period by fitting to multipoint in situ measurements. The magnetic field models in both approaches are again tested by Liouville's theorem, which requires the conserved phase space density for fixed phase space coordinates given no local losses and sources. Then on the basis of the selected magnetic field model, the phase space density is calculated by transforming the flux data from three Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous satellites. By following the procedure developed here and using the cross- satellite calibration achieved in previous work, we deduce the storm time electron phase space density distribution for the region near geosynchronous orbit, covering a range of L shells with L* centered similar to 6. This work establishes the radial phase space density gradient at constant adiabatic invariants as a function of universal time during storm times, and three types of geomagnetic storms are defined according to the degree of energy- dependent enhancements of energetic electrons during recovery phases. Initial results from this study suggest a source outside geosynchronous orbit for low- energy electrons and a major source inside for high- energy electrons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cheny@lanl.gov; rfriedel@lanl.gov; reeves@lanl.gov; tcayton@lanl.gov; rchristensen@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A11 AR A11214 DI 10.1029/2007JA012314 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235WH UT WOS:000251264500001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Wasinger, EC Muresan, AZ Attenkofer, K Jennings, G Lindsey, JS Chen, LX AF Zhang, Xiaoyi Wasinger, Erik C. Muresan, Ana Z. Attenkofer, Klaus Jennings, Guy Lindsey, Jonathan S. Chen, Lin X. TI Ultrafast stimulated emission and structural dynamics in nickel porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CONDENSED-PHASE; PHOTOEXCITED METALLOPORPHYRIN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; EXCITED-STATES; TRANSFER RATES; PICOSECOND; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The excited-state structural dynamics of nickel(II)tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin (NiTMP) and nickel(II)tetrakis(tridec-7-yl)porphyrin (NiSWTP) in a toluene solution were investigated via ultrafast transient optical absorption spectroscopy. An ultrashort stimulated emission between 620 and 670 nm from the S-1 state was observed in both nickel porphyrins only when this state was directly generated via Q-band excitation, whereas such a stimulated emission was absent under B (Soret)-band excitation. Because the stimulated emission in the spectral region occurs only from the S, state, this photoexcitation-wavelength-dependent behavior of Ni(II) porphyrins is attributed to a faster intersystem crossing from the S-2 state than the internal conversion S-2 -> S-1. The dynamics of the excited-state pathways involving the (pi, pi*) and (d, d) states varies with the meso-substituted peripheral groups, which is attributed to the nickel porphyrin macrocycle distortion from a planar configuration. Evidence for intramolecular vibrational relaxation within 2 ps and vibrational cooling in 6-20 ps of a (d, d) excited state has been established for NiTMP and NiSWTP. Finally, the lifetimes of the vibrationally relaxed (d, d) state also depend on the nature of the peripheral groups, decreasing from 200 ps for NiTMP to 100 ps for the bulkier NiSWTP. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lchen@anl.gov RI Lindsey, Jonathan/J-7761-2012 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 11736 EP 11742 DI 10.1021/jp0751763 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231RX UT WOS:000250967800002 PM 17966996 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, EJ English, NJ Johnson, JK Shaw, DW Warzinski, RP AF Rosenbaum, Eilis J. English, Niall J. Johnson, J. Karl Shaw, David W. Warzinski, Robert P. TI Thermal conductivity of methane hydrate from experiment and molecular simulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING CHARGE MODEL; LIQUID WATER; DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PAIR POTENTIALS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; ICE; FIELDS AB A single-sided transient plane source technique has been used to determine the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of a compacted methane hydrate sample over the temperature range of 261.5-277.4 K and at gas-phase pressures ranging from 3.8 to 14.2 MPa. The average thermal conductivity, 0.68 +/- 0.01 W/(m center dot K), and thermal diffusivity, 2.04 x 10(-7) 0.04 x 10(-7) m(2)/s, values are, respectively, higher and lower than previously reported values. Equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of methane hydrate have also been performed in the NPT ensemble to estimate the thermal conductivity for methane compositions ranging from 80 to 100% of the maximum theoretical occupation, at 276 K and at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 100 MPa. Calculations were performed with three rigid potential models for water, namely, SPC/E, TIP4P-Ew, and TIP4P-FQ, the last of which includes the effects of polarizability. The thermal conductivities predicted from MD simulations were in reasonable agreement with experimental results, ranging from about 0.52 to 0.77.W/(m center dot K) for the different potential models with the polarizable water model giving the best agreement with experiments. The MD simulation method was validated by comparing calculated and experimental thermal conductivity values for ice and liquid water. The simulations were in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The simulations predict a slight increase in the thermal conductivity with decreasing methane occupation of the hydrate cages. The thermal conductivity was found to be essentially independent of pressure in both simulations and experiments. Our experimental and simulation thermal conductivity results provide data to help predict gas hydrate stability in sediments for the purposes of production or estimating methane release into the environment due to gradual warming. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Geneva Coll, Dept Engn, Beaver Falls, PA 15010 USA. RP English, NJ (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst Biomol & Biomed Res, Ctr Synth & Chem Biol, Sch Chem & Bioproc Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM niall.english@ucd.ie; robert.warzinski@netl.doe.gov RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 69 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 13194 EP 13205 DI 10.1021/jp074419o PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 231RY UT WOS:000250967900009 PM 17967008 ER PT J AU Fern, JT Keffer, DJ Steele, WV AF Fern, Jared T. Keffer, David J. Steele, William V. TI Vapor-liquid equilibrium of ethanol by molecular dynamics simulation and voronoi tessellation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES FLUID; ATOM FORCE-FIELD; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE COEXISTENCE; HARD-SPHERES; INTERFACE; DENSITIES; OPLS; INTEGRATION; SYSTEMS AB Explicit atom simulations of ethanol were performed by molecular dynamics using the OPLS-AA potential. The phase densities were determined self-consistently by comparing the distribution of Voronoi volumes from two-phase and single-phase simulations. This is the first demonstration of the use of Voronoi tessellation in two-phase molecular dynamics simulation of polyatomic fluids. This technique removes all arbitrary determination of the phase diagram by using single-phase simulations to self-consistently validate the probability distribution of Voronoi volumes of the liquid and vapor phases extracted from the two-phase molecular dynamics simulations. Properties from the two phase simulations include critical temperature, critical density, critical pressure, phase diagram, surface tension, and molecule orientation at the interface. The simulations were performed from 375 to 472 K. Also investigated were the vapor pressure and hydrogen bonding along the two phase envelope. The phase envelope agrees extremely well with literature values from GEMC at lower temperatures. The combined use of two-phase molecular dynamics simulation and Voronoi tessellation allows us to extend the phase diagram toward the critical point. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keffer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 327 Dougherty Engn Bldg,1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dkeffer@utk.edu RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 13278 EP 13286 DI 10.1021/jp075414u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 231RY UT WOS:000250967900019 PM 17973521 ER PT J AU Karakoti, AS Kuchibhatla, SVNT Babu, KS Seal, S AF Karakoti, A. S. Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana V. N. T. Babu, K. Suresh Seal, S. TI Direct synthesis of nanoceria in aqueous polyhydroxyl solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CERIUM OXIDE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; COMPLEXES; DEXTRAN; WATER; MONOSACCHARIDES; PROTECTION; STABILITY AB Nanoceria has shown excellent biomedical properties for potential use in treatment of diseases caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present work, the synthesis and redox chemistry of nanoceria in the presence of polyhydroxyl groups such as glucose and dextran are reported. The effect of both acidic and basic medium on the synthesis and oxidation state stability of nanoceria in the absence of buffer was examined using UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The basic and acidic mediums show a difference in the synthesis of nanoceria in terms of the size and structure without interfering with the redox chemistry. A comparison of pure and aqueous saccharides suspension of nanoceria in acid/base media undergoing redox transformation is also reported in this paper. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerospace Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Seal, S (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerospace Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM sseal@mail.ucf.edu RI K, Suresh Babu/E-4862-2017 OI K, Suresh Babu/0000-0002-3235-8045 NR 49 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 17232 EP 17240 DI 10.1021/jp076164k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 232MT UT WOS:000251024500015 ER PT J AU Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Yan, WF Zhu, HG Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Schwartz, Viviane Mullins, David R. Yan, Wenfu Zhu, Haoguo Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI Structural investigation of au catalysts on TiO2-SiO2 supports: Nature of the local structure of ti and au atoms by EXAFS and XANES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CO-OXIDATION; X-RAY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; PARTICLE-SIZE; TITANIUM-OXIDE; RUTILE; COORDINATION; EPOXIDATION AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was utilized to investigate both the An particle size on several supports composed by silica and titanium oxide, and the coordination of TiO2 in the support phase. Particularly, we wanted to utilize the technique to probe mixing in the support phase, by using different synthetic methods such as by functionalizing silica or by ALD (atomic layer deposition) techniques as prepared in our laboratories, and the growth and stability of An nanoparticles deposited on these supports. The study using cosynthesis techniques to dope bulk mesoporous SiO2 with TiO2 resulted in TiO2 being dispersed in the SiO2 matrix; however, a second phase starts forming as the TiO2 content increases as indicated by the EXAFS Ti-O shell shift in position and increase of coordination number. On the supports prepared by cosynthesis, An particles were smaller and more stable. The study using the surface sol-gel technique for deposition of single monolayers of an oxide such as TiO2 produced Ti environments in which the Ti-O shell and the next two Ti-Ti shells lie on the same position as expected for an anatase structure. Although undercoordinated, the presence of the Ti-Ti shells indicate that the titania species are not molecularly dispersed on the SiO2 surface as hypothesized, but there is indeed a cross-linking of the titania moieties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, CNMS Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schwartz, V (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab Inorgan Synthesis & Preparat Chem, Jilin, Peoples R China. EM schwartzv@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 46 BP 17322 EP 17332 DI 10.1021/jp074426c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 232MT UT WOS:000251024500027 ER PT J AU Karner, D Francfort, J AF Karner, Donald Francfort, James TI Hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle performance testing by the US department of energy advanced vehicle testing activity SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE hybrid electric vehicle; fuel economy testing; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle AB The Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), part of the U.S. Department of Energy's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, has conducted testing of advanced technology vehicles since August 1995 in support of the AVTA goal to provide benchmark data for technology modeling, and vehicle development programs. The AVTA has tested full size electric vehicles, urban electric vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles, and hydrogen internal combustion engine powered vehicles. Currently, the AVTA is conducting baseline performance, battery benchmark and fleet tests of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Testing has included all HEVs produced by major automotive manufacturers and spans over 2.5 million test miles. Testing is currently incorporating PHEVs from four different vehicle converters. The results of all testing are posted on the AVTA web page maintained by the Idaho National Laboratory. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karner, Donald] Elect Transporat Applicat, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Francfort, James] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Karner, D (reprint author), Elect Transporat Applicat, 430 S 2nd Ave, Phoenix, AZ USA. EM karner@aol.com; dkarner@etecevs.com NR 5 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.069 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 240MF UT WOS:000251591000009 ER PT J AU Yang, B Brady, MP Wang, H Turner, JA More, KL Young, DJ Tortorelli, PF Payzant, EA Walker, LR AF Yang, B. Brady, M. P. Wang, H. Turner, J. A. More, K. L. Young, D. J. Tortorelli, P. F. Payzant, E. A. Walker, L. R. TI Protective nitride formation on stainless steel alloys for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE nitrides; stainless steels; corrosion; electrical properties; oxidation; nitridation ID INTERNAL NITRIDATION; THERMAL NITRIDATION; GENERATION; SURFACES; KINETICS; NITROGEN; BEHAVIOR; NI-50CR; DESIGN AB Gas nitridation has shown excellent promise to form dense, electrically conductive and corrosion-resistant Cr-nitride surface layers on Ni-Cr base alloys for use as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) bipolar plates. Due to the high cost of nickel, Fe-base bipolar plate alloys are needed to meet the cost targets for many PEMFC applications. Unfortunately, nitridation of Fe-base stainless steel alloys typically leads to internal Cr-nitride precipitation rather than the desired protective surface nitride layer formation, due to the high permeability of nitrogen in these alloys. This paper reports the finding that it is possible to form a continuous, protective Cr-nitride (CrN and CrN) surface layer through nitridation of Fe-base stainless steel alloys. The key to form a protective Cr-nitride surface layer was found to be the initial formation of oxide during nitridation, which prevented the internal nitridation typically observed for these alloys, and resulted in external Cr-nitride layer formation. The addition of V to the alloy. which resulted in the initial formation of V2O3-Cr2O3, was found to enhance this effect, by making the initially formed oxide more amenable to subsequent nitridation. The Cr-nitride surface layer formed on model V-modified Fe-27Cr alloys exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and low interfacial contact resistance under simulated PEMFC bipolar plate conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, B.; Brady, M. P.; More, K. L.; Tortorelli, P. F.; Payzant, E. A.; Walker, L. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, H.; Turner, J. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Young, D. J.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; Young, David/G-5515-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.106 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 240MF UT WOS:000251591000028 ER PT J AU Warnecke, F Luginbuhl, P Ivanova, N Ghassemian, M Richardson, TH Stege, JT Cayouette, M McHardy, AC Djordjevic, G Aboushadi, N Sorek, R Tringe, SG Podar, M Martin, HG Kunin, V Dalevi, D Madejska, J Kirton, E Platt, D Szeto, E Salamov, A Barry, K Mikhailova, N Kyrpides, NC Matson, EG Ottesen, EA Zhang, XN Hernandez, M Murillo, C Acosta, LG Rigoutsos, I Tamayo, G Green, BD Chang, C Rubin, EM Mathur, EJ Robertson, DE Hugenholtz, P Leadbetter, JR AF Warnecke, Falk Luginbuehl, Peter Ivanova, Natalia Ghassemian, Majid Richardson, Toby H. Stege, Justin T. Cayouette, Michelle McHardy, Alice C. Djordjevic, Gordana Aboushadi, Nahla Sorek, Rotem Tringe, Susannah G. Podar, Mircea Martin, Hector Garcia Kunin, Victor Dalevi, Daniel Madejska, Julita Kirton, Edward Platt, Darren Szeto, Ernest Salamov, Asaf Barry, Kerrie Mikhailova, Natalia Kyrpides, Nikos C. Matson, Eric G. Ottesen, Elizabeth A. Zhang, Xinning Hernandez, Myriam Murillo, Catalina Acosta, Luis G. Rigoutsos, Isidore Tamayo, Giselle Green, Brian D. Chang, Cathy Rubin, Edward M. Mathur, Eric J. Robertson, Dan E. Hugenholtz, Philip Leadbetter, Jared R. TI Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; GUT; CELLULASES; SYSTEM; GENE; LIGNOCELLULOSE; CLASSIFICATION AB From the standpoints of both basic research and biotechnology, there is considerable interest in reaching a clearer understanding of the diversity of biological mechanisms employed during lignocellulose degradation. Globally, termites are an extremely successful group of wood-degrading organisms(1) and are therefore important both for their roles in carbon turnover in the environment and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for efforts aimed at converting wood into biofuels. Only recently have data supported any direct role for the symbiotic bacteria in the gut of the termite in cellulose and xylan hydrolysis(2). Here we use a metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of a wood-feeding 'higher' Nasutitermes species ( which do not contain cellulose-fermenting protozoa) to show the presence of a large, diverse set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. Many of these genes were expressed in vivo or had cellulase activity in vitro, and further analyses implicate spirochete and fibrobacter species in gut lignocellulose degradation. New insights into other important symbiotic functions including H-2 metabolism, CO2-reductive acetogenesis and N-2 fixation are also provided by this first system-wide gene analysis of a microbial community specialized towards plant lignocellulose degradation. Our results underscore how complex even a 1-mu l environment can be. C1 CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Verenium Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Nacl Biodiversidad, INBio, Santo Domingo De Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Leadbetter, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Mailcode 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jleadbetter@caltech.edu RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Tamayo, Giselle/J-3609-2015; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631; Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685; Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205; Tamayo, Giselle/0000-0002-4912-8895; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 66 TC 630 Z9 674 U1 32 U2 299 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7169 BP 560 EP U17 DI 10.1038/nature06269 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 234JW UT WOS:000251158500050 PM 18033299 ER PT J AU Marecek, J Song, B Brewer, S Belyea, J Dyer, RB Raleigh, DP AF Marecek, James Song, BenBen Brewer, Scott Belyea, Jenifer Dyer, R. Brian Raleigh, Daniel P. TI A simple and economical method for the production of C-13, O-18-labeled Fmoc-amino acids with high levels of enrichment: Applications to isotope-edited IR studies of proteins SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS; HELIX AB Isotope-edited IR of proteins has generated considerable interest. Double labeling with C-13 and O-18 with high levels of isotopic enrichment is required for residue-specific resolution. Current methods for the preparation of doubly labeled amino acids give modest O-18 enrichment, limiting the utility of the approach. We report a simple and economical method for preparing C-13,O-18-doubly labeled N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-amino acids with high levels of enrichment for residues that do not require acid-labile side-chain protecting groups. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spectroscop Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marecek, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM james.mareck@stonybrook.edu; draleigh@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM70941, GM53640] NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 9 IS 24 BP 4935 EP 4937 DI 10.1021/ol701913p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 231UP UT WOS:000250975000002 PM 17958432 ER PT J AU Hagen, G Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M Papenbrock, T AF Hagen, G. Dean, D. J. Hjorth-Jensen, M. Papenbrock, T. TI Complex coupled-cluster approach to an ab-initio description of open quantum systems SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE nuclear structure calculations; coupled cluster theory; weakly bound nuclei; ground state resonances ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; FULL CCSDT MODEL; SHELL-MODEL; ELECTRON CORRELATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONTINUUM; NUCLEAR; STATES; RESONANCES; SCATTERING AB We develop ab-initio coupled-cluster theory to describe resonant and weakly bound states along the neutron drip line. We compute the ground states of the helium chain He3-10 within coupled-cluster theory in singles and doubles (CCSD) approximation. We employ a spherical Gamow-Hartee-Fock basis generated from the low-momentum (NLO)-L-3 nucleon-nucleon interaction. This basis treats bound, resonant, and continuum states on an equal footing, and is therefore optimal for the description of properties of drip line nuclei where continuum features play an essential role. Within this formalism, we present an ab-initio calculation of energies and decay widths of unstable nuclei starting from realistic interactions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Appl, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Appl, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Hjorth-Jensen, M (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM hageng@ornl.gov; deandj@ornl.gov; morten.hjorth-jensen@fys.uio.no; papenbrocktf@ornl.gov RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Hagen, Gaute/I-6146-2012; OI Hagen, Gaute/0000-0001-6019-1687; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 44 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 4-5 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.07.072 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 239DP UT WOS:000251499200002 ER PT J AU Chadwick, DJ Payne, SJ Van Hove, T Rodgers, DW AF Chadwick, D. J. Payne, S. J. Van Hove, T. Rodgers, D. W. TI Contemporary tectonic motion of the eastern Snake River Plain: A campaign global positioning system study SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT PLATE VELOCITIES; YELLOWSTONE HOTSPOT; EXTENSION; SEISMICITY; QUATERNARY; IDAHO; MODEL AB [1] A comparison of precision campaign GPS data from 1995 and 2004 from 10 benchmarks on the eastern Snake River Plain (eSRP) has revealed that the province moved 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm/a to the SW (232.4 +/- 6.3 degrees) relative to a fixed North American reference frame. The benchmarks had no measurable displacement relative to one another at the resolution of the GPS during the 9-annum study, evidence that the province moves as a rigid, nonextending block. This scenario is supported by the aseismic nature of the province and the lack of measurable horizontal stress in boreholes. However, an additional small component of intraplain extension must also be invoked to account for the observed NW-trending volcanic rift zones that transect the eSRP. We suggest that intraplain extension is too slow (< 1 mm/ a) to measure using our campaign GPS methods, but may be sufficient over millennial timescales to accommodate rift zone formation. Slower velocities measured on three benchmarks within the neighboring Basin and Range "seismic parabola'' are consistent with this region serving as a zone of detachment between the North American craton and the faster-moving eSRP. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Geosci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Corp Atmonsper Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Chadwick, DJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM djchadwi@uncc.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD NOV 22 PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 AR TC6005 DI 10.1029/2005TC001914 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235WY UT WOS:000251266200001 ER PT J AU Presto, AA Granite, EJ Karash, A AF Presto, Albert A. Granite, Evan J. Karash, Andrew TI Further investigation of the impact of sulfur oxides on mercury capture by activated carbon SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GAS; OXIDATION; PLANTS AB To gain a more complete understanding of the impact of sulfur oxides on mercury capture by activated carbon, continuous mercury concentration measurements were made downstream of a packed sorbent bed. Previous research from this laboratory, which is presented in a companion study, indicated that the mercury capacity of activated carbon during a 6 h exposure to mercury-laden simulated flue gas was inversely proportional to the S6+ content of the carbon. The results presented here indicate that high S6+ content limits both the 6-h capacity of activated carbon and the initial mercury removal efficiency. The observed reduction in initial mercury removal efficiency verifies the assumption that the 6-h mercury capacity is indicative of in-flight mercury capture efficiency during activated carbon injection. The activated carbon sample with the highest sulfur content tested here captured a minimal amount of mercury; however, this sample oxidized similar to 30% of the incident Hg-0 at 100% breakthrough. This finding suggests that there are multiple available sites for mercury interaction with the sorbent surface, and that capture and oxidation occur at different surface sites. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Granite, EJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM evan.granite@netl.doe.gov RI Presto, Albert/C-3193-2008 OI Presto, Albert/0000-0002-9156-1094 NR 15 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 8273 EP 8276 DI 10.1021/ie071045c PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 231FH UT WOS:000250931400053 ER PT J AU Botez, CE Hermosillo, JD Zhang, JZ Qian, J Zhao, YS AF Botez, Cristian E. Hermosillo, Juan D. Zhang, Jianzhong Qian, Jiang Zhao, Yusheng TI High-temperature phase transitions in CsH2PO4 under ambient and high-pressure conditions: A synchrotron x-ray diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CESIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; STATE AB To clarify the microscopic origin of the temperature-induced three-order-of-magnitude jump in the proton conductivity of CsH2PO4 (superprotonic behavior), we have investigated its crystal structure modifications within the 25-300 degrees C temperature range under both ambient- and high-pressure conditions using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Our high-pressure data show no indication of the thermal decomposition/polymerization at the crystal surface recently proposed as the origin of the enhanced proton conductivity [Phys. Rev. B 69, 054104 (2004)]. Instead, we found direct evidence that the superprotonic behavior of the title material is associated with a polymorphic structural transition to a high-temperature cubic phase. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous high-pressure ac impedance measurements. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Mineral & Geochem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Texas El Paso, Inst Mat Res, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Botez, CE (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM cbotez@utep.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 19 AR 194701 DI 10.1063/1.2804774 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 233QT UT WOS:000251106100021 PM 18035892 ER PT J AU Jasper, AW Truhlar, DG AF Jasper, Ahren W. Truhlar, Donald G. TI Non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics of Na center dot FH photodissociation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORBIDDEN ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE HOPPING CALCULATIONS; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; NONADIABATIC DYNAMICS; TRAJECTORIES; DECOHERENCE; DECAY; TIME; DISSOCIATION AB The accuracy of non-Born-Oppenheimer (electronically nonadiabatic) semiclassical trajectory methods for simulations of "deep quantum" systems is reevaluated in light of recent quantum mechanical calculations of the photodissociation of the Na center dot center dot center dot FH van der Waals complex. In contrast to the conclusion arrived at in an earlier study, semiclassical trajectory methods are shown to be qualitatively accurate for this system, thus further validating their use for systems with large electronic energy gaps. Product branching in semiclassical surface hopping and decay-of-mixing calculations is affected by a region of coupling where the excited state is energetically forbidden. Frustrated hops in this region may be attributed to a failure of the treatment of decoherence, and a stochastic model for decoherence is introduced into the surface hopping method and is shown to improve the agreement with the quantum mechanical results. A modification of the decay-of-mixing method resulting in faster decoherence in this region is shown to give similarly improved results. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Jasper, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ajasper@sandia.gov; truhlar@umn.edu RI Jasper, Ahren/A-5292-2011; Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 19 AR 194306 DI 10.1063/1.2798763 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 233QT UT WOS:000251106100011 PM 18035882 ER PT J AU Gong, DY Ho, CH Chen, DL Qian, Y Choi, YS Kim, JW AF Gong, Dao-Yi Ho, Chang-Hoi Chen, Deliang Qian, Yun Choi, Yong-Sang Kim, Jinwon TI Weekly cycle of aerosol-meteorology interaction over China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHEMISTRY/AEROSOL MODEL; EAST-ASIA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; AIR-POLLUTION; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE AB Weekly cycles of the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols have been observed in many regions around the world. The phase and the magnitude of these cycles, however, vary greatly depending on region and season. In the present study the authors investigated important features of the weekly cycles of aerosol concentration and the covariations in meteorological conditions in major urban regions over east China, one of the most polluted areas in the world, in summertime during the period 2001 - 2005/2006. The PM10 (aerosol particulate matters of diameter < 10 mm) concentrations at 29 monitoring stations show significant weekly cycles with the largest values around midweek and smallest values in weekend. Accompanying the PM10 cycle, the meteorological variables also show notable and consistent weekly cycles. The wind speed in the lower troposphere is relatively small in the early part of the week and increases after about Wednesday. At the same time, the air temperature anomalies in low levels are positive and then become negative in the later part of the week. The authors hypothesize that the changes in the atmospheric circulation may be triggered by the accumulation of PM10 through diabatic heating of lower troposphere. During the early part of a week the anthropogenic aerosols are gradually accumulated in the lower troposphere. Around midweek, the accumulated aerosols could induce radiative heating, likely destabilizing the middle to lower troposphere and generating anomalously vertical air motion and thus resulting in stronger winds. The resulting circulation could promote ventilation to reduce aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer during the later part of the week. Corresponding to this cycle in anthropogenic aerosols the frequency of precipitation, particularly the light rain events, tends to be suppressed around midweek days through indirect aerosol effects. This is consistent with the observed anthropogenic weather cycles, i.e., more ( less) solar radiation near surface, higher (lower) maximum temperature, larger (smaller) diurnal temperature range, and fewer (more) precipitation events in midweek days (weekend). C1 Univ Gothenburg, Ctr Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gong, DY (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Ctr Earth Sci, Box 460, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM gdy@bnu.edu.cn; hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr; deliang@gvc.gu.se; yun.qian@pnl.gov; yschoi@cpl.snu.ac.kr; jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Choi, Yong-Sang/F-8072-2013; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Chen, Deliang/A-5107-2013; qian, yun/A-5056-2010; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 OI Chen, Deliang/0000-0003-0288-5618; NR 51 TC 62 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22202 DI 10.1029/2007JD008888 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235UG UT WOS:000251259200004 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Yang, H Bally, SA Ugurlu, O Jain, M Hawley, ME McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Bauer, E Civale, L Holesinger, TG Jia, QX AF Luo, Hongmei Yang, Hao Bally, Scott A. Ugurlu, Ozan Jain, Menka Hawley, Marilyn E. McCleskey, T. Mark Burrell, Anthony K. Bauer, Eve Civale, Leonardo Holesinger, Terry G. Jia, Quanxi TI Self-assembled epitaxial nanocomposite BaTiO3-NiFe2O4 films prepared by polymer-assisted deposition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATIO3-COFE2O4 NANOSTRUCTURES; MULTIFERROICS AB We present a new approach, cost-effective polymer-assisted deposition, to prepare self-assembled epitaxial BaTiO3-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite films on LaAlO3 substrates. Ferroelectric BaTiO3 is embedded in the ferrimagnetic spinel NiFe2O4 matrix. The composite shows both ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hluo@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14132 EP + DI 10.1021/ja075764u PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000014 PM 17973388 ER PT J AU Hagberg, D Bednarz, E Edelstein, NM Gagliardi, L AF Hagberg, Daniel Bednarz, Eugeniusz Edelstein, Norman M. Gagliardi, Laura TI A quantum chemical and molecular dynamics study of the coordination of Cm(III) in water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SPECIATION; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; HYDRATION; STATE; IONS; CM3+ AB Molecular dynamics simulations of Cm(III) in water were performed at two different temperatures, namely, T = 300 K and T 473 K. Fully ab initio intermolecular potentials were employed. At the lower temperature, T = 300 K, nine water molecules coordinate preferentially the Cm(III) ion in the first coordination sphere, while at the higher temperature, T = 473 K, the preferential coordination number is eight instead of nine. The number of water molecules in the second coordination sphere is not uniquely defined, but the most probable number is 16. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Chem Sci 2, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gagliardi, L (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Chem Sci 2, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM laura.gagliardi@chiphy.unige.ch NR 12 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14136 EP + DI 10.1021/ja075489b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000016 PM 17958426 ER PT J AU Kose, ME Mitchell, WJ Kopidakis, N Chang, CH Shaheen, SE Kim, K Rumbles, G AF Koese, Muhammet E. Mitchell, William J. Kopidakis, Nikos Chang, Christopher H. Shaheen, Sean E. Kim, Kwiseon Rumbles, Garry TI Theoretical studies on conjugated phenyl-cored thiophene dendrimers for photovoltaic applications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE LOCALIZATION; SOLAR-CELLS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DENSITY; OLIGOMERS; OLIGOTHIOPHENES; POLYTHIOPHENE; FLUORESCENCE; PERFORMANCE AB pi-Conjugated dendrimers are an important class of materials for optoelectronic devices, especially for light-harvesting systems. We report here a theoretical investigation of the optical response and of the excited-state properties of three-arm and four-arm phenyl-cored dendrimers for photovoltaic applications. A variety of theoretical methods are used and evaluated against each other to calculate vertical transition energies, absorption and excitation spectra with vibronic structure, charge transport, and excitonic behavior upon photoexcitation and photoemission processes. Photophysical phenomena in these dendrimers are, in general, better explained with ab initio methods rather than with semiempirical techniques. Calculated reorganization energies were found to correlate well with the device photocurrent data where available. The excitons formed during photoexcitation are calculated to be more delocalized than the ones formed after vibrational relaxation in the excited states for fluorescence emission. The localization of excitons in emission processes is a result of geometrical changes in the excited state coupled with vibronic modes. Correlated electron-hole pair diagrams illustrate breaking of pi-conjugation in three-arm dendrimers due to meta linkage of arms with the core, whereas four-arm dendrimers are not affected by such breaking due to presence of ortho and para branching. Yet, ortho branching causes large twist angles between the core and the arms that are detrimental to pi-electron system delocalization over the structure. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kose, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM muhammet_kose@nrel.gov RI Chang, Christopher/A-1404-2012; Kose, Muhammet/C-7167-2012; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Chang, Christopher/0000-0003-3800-6021; Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 39 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 EI 1520-5126 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14257 EP 14270 DI 10.1021/ja073455y PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000051 PM 17963381 ER PT J AU Wang, F Yu, H Li, J Hang, Q Zemlyanov, D Gibbons, PC Wang, LW Janes, DB Buhro, WE AF Wang, Fudong Yu, Heng Li, Jingbo Hang, Qingling Zemlyanov, Dmitry Gibbons, Patrick C. Wang, Lin-Wang Janes, David B. Buhro, William E. TI Spectroscopic properties of colloidal indium phosphide quantum wires SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SHAPE CONTROL; INP; NANOWIRES; RODS; DOTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CONFINEMENT AB Colloidal InP quantum wires are grown by the solution-liquid-solid (SLS) method, and passivated with the traditional quantum dots surfactants 1-hexadecylamine and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. The size dependence of the band gaps in the wires are determined from the absorption spectra, and compared to other experimental results for InP quantum dots and wires, and to the predictions of theory. The photoluminescence behavior of the wires is also investigated. Efforts to enhance photoluminescence efficiencies through photochemical etching in the presence of HF result only in photochemical thinning or photooxidation, without a significant influence on quantum-wire photoluminescence. However, photooxidation produces residual dot and rod domains within the wires, which are luminescent. The results establish that the quantum-wire band gaps are weakly influenced by the nature of the surface passivation and that colloidal quantum wires have intrinsically low photoluminescence efficiencies. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Buhro, WE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM buhro@wustl.edu RI Buhro, William/A-7682-2009; Wang, Fudong/D-3759-2009 OI Wang, Fudong/0000-0003-2914-1360 NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14327 EP 14335 DI 10.1021/ja074049h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000058 PM 17967012 ER PT J AU Chromy, BA Arroyo, E Blanchette, CD Bench, G Benner, H Cappuccio, JA Coleman, MA Henderson, PT Hinz, AK Kuhn, EA Pesavento, JB Segelke, BW Sulchek, TA Tarasow, T Walsworth, VL Hoeprich, PD AF Chromy, Brett A. Arroyo, Erin Blanchette, Craig D. Bench, Graham Benner, Henry Cappuccio, Jenny A. Coleman, Matthew A. Henderson, Paul T. Hinz, Angie K. Kuhn, Edward A. Pesavento, Joseph B. Segelke, Brent W. Sulchek, Todd A. Tarasow, Ted Walsworth, Vicki L. Hoeprich, Paul D. TI Different apolipoproteins impact nanolipoprotein particle formation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER NANODISCS; APOLIPOPHORIN-III; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; A-I; BINDING; DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES AB Spontaneous interaction of purified apolipoproteins and phospholipids results in formation of lipoprotein particles with nanometer-sized dimensions; we refer to these assemblies as nanolipoprotein particles or NLPs. These bilayer constructs can serve as suitable mimetics of biological membranes and are fully soluble in aqueous environments. We made NLPs from dimyristoylphospatidylcholine (DMPC) in combination with each of four different apolipoproteins: apoA-1, Delta-apoA-I fragment, apoE4 fragment, and apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) from the silk moth B. mori. Predominately discoidal in shape, these particles have diameters between 10 and 20 nm, share uniform heights between 4.5 and 5 nm, and can be produced in yields ranging between 40 and 60%. The particular lipoprotein, the lipid to lipoprotein ratio, and the assembly parameters determine the size and homogeneity of nanolipoprotein particles and indicate that apoA-I NLP preparations are smaller than the larger apoE422K and apolp-III NLP preparations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoeprich, PD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hoeprich2@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14348 EP 14354 DI 10.1021/ja074753y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000060 PM 17963384 ER PT J AU Han, P Axnanda, S Lyubinetsky, I Goodman, DW AF Han, Patrick Axnanda, Stephanus Lyubinetsky, Igor Goodman, D. Wayne TI Atomic-scale assembly of a heterogeneous catalytic site SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; VINYL-ACETATE; SURFACE; GOLD; NANOSTRUCTURES; SEGREGATION; REACTIVITY; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; ETHYLENE AB The distance between surface Pd atoms has been shown to control the catalytic formation of vinyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid by AuPd catalysts. Here, we use the bulk alloy's thermodynamic properties, as well as the surface lattice spacing of a AuPd(l 00) alloy single-crystal model catalyst to control and optimize the concentration of the active site (Pd atom pairs at a specific Pd-Pd distance with Au nearest-neighbors). Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that sample annealing has a direct effect on the surface Pd arrangements: short-range order preferentially forms Pd pairs located in the c(2 x 2) sites, which are known to be optimal for vinyl acetate synthesis. This effect could be harnessed for future industrial catalyst design. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goodman, DW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Axnanda, Stephanus/G-9236-2011; Han, Patrick/A-2687-2014 OI Han, Patrick/0000-0002-4901-9592 NR 28 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 46 BP 14355 EP 14361 DI 10.1021/ja074891n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234RS UT WOS:000251182000061 PM 17967014 ER PT J AU Randolph, SJ Fowlkes, JD Melechko, AV Klein, KL Meyer, HM Simpson, ML Rack, PD AF Randolph, S. J. Fowlkes, J. D. Melechko, A. V. Klein, K. L. Meyer, H. M., III Simpson, M. L. Rack, P. D. TI Controlling thin film structure for the dewetting of catalyst nanoparticle arrays for subsequent carbon nanofiber growth SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METALLIC-FILMS; NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; CRYSTAL; STRESS AB Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) growth is a catalytic chemical vapor deposition process in which structure and functionality is controlled by the plasma conditions and the properties of the catalyst nanoparticles that template the fiber growth. We have found that the resultant catalyst nanoparticle network that forms by the dewetting of a continuous catalyst thin film is dependent on the initial properties of the thin film. Here we report the ability to tailor the crystallographic texture and composition of the nickel catalyst film and subsequently the nanoparticle template by varying the rf magnetron sputter deposition conditions. After sputtering the Ni catalyst thin films, the films are heated and exposed to an ammonia dc plasma, to chemically reduce the native oxide on the films and induce dewetting of the film to form nanoparticles. Subsequent nanoparticle treatment in an acetylene plasma at high substrate temperature results in CNF growth. Evidence is presented that the texture and composition of the nickel thin film has a significant impact on the structure and composition of the formed nanoparticle, as well as the resultant CNF morphology. Nickel films with a preferred (111) or (100) texture were produced and conditions favoring interfacial silicidation reactions were identified and investigated. Both compositional and structural analysis of the films and nanoparticles indicate that the properties of the as-deposited Ni catalyst film influences the subsequent nanoparticle formation and ultimately the catalytic growth of the carbon nanofibers. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Randolph, SJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM prack@utk.edu RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 46 AR 465304 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/46/465304 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 221AZ UT WOS:000250200600007 ER PT J AU Le Pimpec, F Frisch, J Jobe, K McCormick, D Nelson, J Ross, M Smith, T AF Le Pimpec, F. Frisch, J. Jobe, K. McCormick, D. Nelson, J. Ross, M. Smith, T. TI An acoustic sensor system for localizing RF breakdown in warm copper accelerating structures SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE acoustic sensor; acoustic wave; RF breakdown; copper structure; RF structure; X-band; phonon AB X-band accelerator structures meeting the Next Linear Collider (NLC) design requirements have been found to suffer damage due to Radio Frequency (RF) breakdown when processed to high gradients [F. Le Pimpec, et al., in: LINAC 2002, Korea, SLAC-PUB-9526, 2002 [1]]. Improved understanding of these breakdown events is desirable for the development of structure designs, fabrication procedures, and processing techniques that minimize structure damage. Acoustic sensors attached to an accelerator structure can detect both normal and breakdown RF pulses [M. Gangeluk, et al., Acoustic monitoring system of RF breakdowns inside the electrodynamics structure at Kurchatov SR source accelerator, in: EPAC, P.1986, 1994 [2]]. Using an array of acoustic sensors, we have been able to pinpoint both the cell and azimuth location of individual breakdown events. This permits studies of breakdown in time and in space, so that underlying causes can be determined. This technique provided a significant understanding of breakdown in the structure input coupler. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Le Pimpec, F (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM frederic.le.pimpec@psi.ch NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.181 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400007 ER PT J AU Montag, C AF Montag, Christoph TI Emittance growth due to crab crossing imperfections in electron-ion colliders SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE crab crossing; emittance growth; electron-ion collider AB To achieve luminosities ranging from 10(33) to 10(15) cm(-2) S-1, future electron-ion colliders require very small beam sizes, together with a large number of bunches. The strong focusing necessary to achieve beta-functions as low as 20cm can only be achieved by placing low-beta quadrupoles as close as possible to the interaction point (IP). With the beam energies of the ion and electron beam differing by more than an order of magnitude, beams need to be separated before encountering the first ion low-beta quadrupole, which would otherwise greatly defocus the lower-energy electron beam. This beam separation can be achieved by either deflecting the electron beam away from the ion beam by means of magnetic dipole fields, or by introduction of a crossing angle large enough as to provide sufficient separation at the first ion beam quadrupole. While the former scheme results in large amounts of synchrotron radiation generated near or even inside the detector volume, the latter significantly reduces the luminosity due to the relatively large ion bunch length. This luminosity reduction can be overcome by application of a crab crossing scheme, thus re-instating head-on collisions. However, due to the high ion beam energy, crab cavity RF voltages in the range of tens of megavolts are required, scaling linearly with the RF wavelength. It is therefore desirable to choose the crab cavity RF frequency as high as possible, thus reducing the required voltage. This paper examines the effect of the finite crab cavity RF wavelength on beam dynamics in the proposed electron ion colliders eRHIC [1], ELIC [2], and LHeC [3]. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Montag, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM montag@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 390 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.003 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400013 ER PT J AU Aharrouche, M Colas, J Di Ciaccio, L El Kacimi, M Gaumer, O Gouanere, M Goujdami, D Lafaye, R Laplace, S Le Maner, C Neukermans, L Perrodo, P Poggioli, L Prieur, D Przysiezniak, H Sauvage, G Wingerter-Seez, I Zitoun, R Lanni, F Lu, L Ma, H Rajagopalan, S Takai, H Belymam, A Benchekroun, D Hakimi, M Hoummada, A Gao, Y Stroynowski, R Aleksa, M Carli, T Fassnacht, P Gianotti, F Hervas, L Lampl, W Collot, J Hostachy, JY Ledroit-Guillon, F Malek, F Martin, P Viret, S Leltchouk, M Parsons, JA Simion, S Barreiro, F Del Peso, J Labarga, L Oliver, C Rodier, S Barrillon, P Benchouk, C Djama, F Hubaut, F Monnier, E Pralavorio, P Sauvage, D Serfon, C Tisserant, S Toth, J Banfi, D Carminati, L Cavalli, D Costa, G Delmastro, M Fanti, M Mandelli, L Mazzanti, M Tartarelli, GF Kotov, K Maslennikov, A Pospelov, G Tikhonov, Y Bourdarios, C Fayard, L Fournier, D Iconomidou-Fayard, L Kado, M Parrour, G Puzo, P Rousseau, D Sacco, R Serin, L Unal, G Zerwas, D Dekhissi, B Derkaoui, J El Kharrim, A Maaroufi, F Cleland, W Lacour, D Laforge, B Nikolic-Audit, I Schwemling, P Ghazlane, H El Moursli, RC Fakhr-Eddine, AI Boonekamp, M Kerschen, N Mansoulie, B Meyer, P Schwindling, J Lund-Jensen, B AF Aharrouche, M. Colas, J. Di Ciaccio, L. El Kacimi, M. Gaumer, O. Gouanere, M. Goujdami, D. Lafaye, R. Laplace, S. Le Maner, C. Neukermans, L. Perrodo, P. Poggioli, L. Prieur, D. Przysiezniak, H. Sauvage, G. Wingerter-Seez, I. Zitoun, R. Lanni, F. Lu, L. Ma, H. Rajagopalan, S. Takai, H. Belymam, A. Benchekroun, D. Hakimi, M. Hoummada, A. Gao, Y. Stroynowski, R. Aleksa, M. Carli, T. Fassnacht, P. Gianotti, F. Hervas, L. Lampl, W. Collot, J. Hostachy, J. Y. Ledroit-Guillon, F. Malek, F. Martin, P. Viret, S. Leltchouk, M. Parsons, J. A. Simion, S. Barreiro, F. Del Peso, J. Labarga, L. Oliver, C. Rodier, S. Barrillon, P. Benchouk, C. Djama, F. Hubaut, F. Monnier, E. Pralavorio, P. Sauvage, D. Serfon, C. Tisserant, S. Toth, J. Banfi, D. Carminati, L. Cavalli, D. Costa, G. Delmastro, M. Fanti, M. Mandelli, L. Mazzanti, M. Tartarelli, G. F. Kotov, K. Maslennikov, A. Pospelov, G. Tikhonov, Yu. Bourdarios, C. Fayard, L. Fournier, D. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Kado, M. Parrour, G. Puzo, P. Rousseau, D. Sacco, R. Serin, L. Unal, G. Zerwas, D. Dekhissi, B. Derkaoui, J. El Kharrim, A. Maaroufi, F. Cleland, W. Lacour, D. Laforge, B. Nikolic-Audit, I. Schwemling, Ph. Ghazlane, H. El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui Fakhr-Eddine, A. Idrissi Boonekamp, M. Kerschen, N. Mansoulie, B. Meyer, P. Schwindling, J. Lund-Jensen, B. TI Response uniformity of the ATLAS liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimeters; high energy physics; particle detectors; energy resolution and uniformity ID BARREL CALORIMETER; PERFORMANCE; CONSTRUCTION; PROTOTYPE; MODULE-0 AB The construction of the ATLAS electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter modules is completed and all the modules are assembled and inserted in the cryostats. During the production period four barrel and three endcap modules were exposed to test beams in order to assess their performance, ascertain the production quality and reproducibility, and to scrutinize the complete energy reconstruction chain from the readout and calibration electronics to the signal and energy reconstruction. It was also possible to check the full Monte Carlo simulation of the calorimeter. The analysis of the uniformity, resolution and extraction of constant term is presented. Typical non-uniformities of 5 parts per thousand and typical global constant terms of 6 parts per thousand are measured for the barrel and endcap modules. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Savoie, LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, Annecy Le Vieux, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, IN2P3, CNRS, F-38026 Grenoble, France. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Phys, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Aix Marseille 2, Ctr Phys Particle Marseille, IN2P3, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Mohammed Premier, Lab Phys Theor & Phys Particules, Oujda, Morocco. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Ctr Natl Energie Sci & Tech Nucl, Rabat, Morocco. Mohamed V Agdal Univ, Fac Sci, Rabat, Morocco. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. KFKI, Budapest, Hungary. RP Kado, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM kado@lal.in2p3.fr RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; Delmastro, Marco/0000-0003-2992-3805; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 429 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.157 PG 27 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400017 ER PT J AU Benziger, J Cadonati, L Calaprice, F de Haas, E Fernholz, R Ford, R Galbiati, C Goretti, A Harding, E Ianni, A Ianni, A Kidner, S Leung, M Loeser, F McCarty, K Nelson, A Parsells, R Pocar, A Shutt, T Sonnenschein, A Vogelaar, RB AF Benziger, J. Cadonati, L. Calaprice, F. de Haas, E. Fernholz, R. Ford, R. Galbiati, C. Goretti, A. Harding, E. Ianni, A. Ianni, An. Kidner, S. Leung, M. Loeser, F. McCarty, K. Nelson, A. Parsells, R. Pocar, A. Shutt, T. Sonnenschein, A. Vogelaar, R. B. TI The nylon scintillator containment vessels for the Borexino solar neutrino experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Borexino; solar neutrinos; nylon; organic scintillator; low-background ID DETECTOR; TIME; NITROGEN; ENERGY AB Borexino is a solar neutrino experiment designed to observe the 0.86 MeV Be-7 neutrinos emitted in the pp cycle of the sun. Neutrinos will be detected by their elastic scattering on electrons in 100 ton of liquid scintillator. The neutrino event rate in the scintillator is expected to be low (similar to 0.35 events per day per ton), and the signals will be at energies below 1.5 MeV, where background from natural radioactivity is prominent. Scintillation light produced by the recoil electrons is observed by an array of 2240 photomultiplier tubes. Because of the intrinsic radioactive contaminants in these PMTs, the liquid scintillator is shielded from them by a thick barrier of buffer fluid. A spherical vessel made of thin nylon film contains the scintillator, separating it from the surrounding buffer. The buffer region itself is divided into two concentric shells by a second nylon vessel in order to prevent inward diffusion of radon atoms. The radioactive background requirements for Borexino are challenging to meet, especially for the scintillator and these nylon vessels. Besides meeting requirements for low radioactivity, the nylon vessels must also satisfy requirements for mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. The present paper describes the research and development, construction, and installation of the nylon vessels for the Borexino experiment. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Calaprice, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM calaprice@princeton.edu NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 509 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.176 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400025 ER PT J AU Marino, MG Detwiler, JA Henning, R Johnson, RA Schubert, AG Wilkerson, JF AF Marino, M. G. Detwiler, J. A. Henning, R. Johnson, R. A. Schubert, A. G. Wilkerson, J. F. TI Validation of spallation neutron production and propagation within Geant4 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron spectrum; underground physics; Geant4; neutron simulation ID ACCELERATOR BEAM DUMP; OF-FLIGHT SPECTRA; LATERAL SHIELD; SIMULATIONS; FRAMEWORK; ENERGY AB Using simulations to understand backgrounds from muon-induced neutrons is important in designing next-generation low-background underground experiments. Validation of relevant physics within the Geant4 simulation package has been completed by comparing to data from two recent experiments. Verification focused on the production and propagation of neutrons at energies important to underground experiments. Discrepancies were observed between experimental data and the simulation. Techniques were explored to correct for these discrepancies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Marino, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mgmarino@u.washington.edu OI Marino, Michael/0000-0003-1226-6036; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.170 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400035 ER PT J AU Pozzi, SA Flaska, M Enqvist, A Pazsit, I AF Pozzi, Sara A. Flaska, Marek Enqvist, Andreas Pazsit, Imre TI Monte Carlo and analytical models of neutron detection with organic scintillation detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE MCNP-PoliMi; neutron detection; organic scintillator; pulse height distribution ID MCNP CODE; CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY; SPECTROMETRY AB This paper presents a new technique for the analysis of neutron pulse height distributions generated in an organic scintillation detector. The methodology presented can be applied to techniques such as neutron spectrum unfolding, which have a variety of applications, including nuclear nonproliferation and homeland security. The technique is based on two independent approaches: (i) the use of the MCNP-PoliMi code to simulate neutron detection on an event-by-event basis with the Monte Carlo method and (ii) an analytical approach for neutron slowing down and detection processes. We show that the total neutron pulse height response measured by the organic scintillators is given by the sum of a large number of different neutron histories, each composed of a certain number of neutron scatterings on hydrogen and/or carbon. The relative contributions of each of these histories are described for a cylindrical liquid scintillator BC-501A. Simulations and measurements of neutron pulse height distributions are essential for neutron spectrum unfolding procedures. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chalmers, Chalmers, Sweden. RP Flaska, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pozzisa@ornl.gov; flaskam@ornl.gov; andreas@nephy.chalmers.se; imre@nephy.chalmers.se NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 2 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.246 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239EA UT WOS:000251500400037 ER PT J AU Shultzaberger, RK Chiang, DY Moses, AM Eisen, MB AF Shultzaberger, Ryan K. Chiang, Derek Y. Moses, Alan M. Eisen, Michael B. TI Determining Physical Constraints in Transcriptional Initiation Complexes Using DNA Sequence Analysis SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Eukaryotic gene expression is often under the control of cooperatively acting transcription factors whose binding is limited by structural constraints. By determining these structural constraints, we can understand the "rules'' that define functional cooperativity. Conversely, by understanding the rules of binding, we can infer structural characteristics. We have developed an information theory based method for approximating the physical limitations of cooperative interactions by comparing sequence analysis to microarray expression data. When applied to the coordinated binding of the sulfur amino acid regulatory protein Met4 by Cbf1 and Met31, we were able to create a combinatorial model that can correctly identify Met4 regulated genes. Interestingly, we found that the major determinant of Met4 regulation was the sum of the strength of the Cbf1 and Met31 binding sites and that the energetic costs associated with spacing appeared to be minimal. C1 [Shultzaberger, Ryan K.; Chiang, Derek Y.; Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moses, Alan M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [RHG002779A] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NIH grant # RHG002779A. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 21 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1199 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001199 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JB UT WOS:000207459200012 PM 18030333 ER PT J AU Chimentao, RJ Herrera, JE Kwak, JH Medina, F Wang, Y Peden, CHF AF Chimentao, Ricardo J. Herrera, Jose E. Kwak, Ja Hun Medina, F. Wang, Yong Peden, Charles H. F. TI Oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde over Na-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE vanadium oxide; oxidation; ethanol; MCM-41; TiO2; Na; DRS-UV-vis; XRD; TPO ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; ALUMINA-SUPPORTED VANADIA; O-XYLENE; MONOLAYER CATALYSTS; PHTHALIC-ANHYDRIDE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TITANIA CATALYSTS; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; V2O5 CATALYSTS; DEHYDROGENATION AB Sodium-promoted vanadium oxide catalysts supported on MCM-41 and TiO2 (anatase) were investigated for the partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with a vanadium oxide content of 6 wt.%. The experimental characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and diffuse reflectance UV-vis. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) was also used to identify carbon deposits on the spent catalysts. The presence of sodium plays a strong role in the dispersion and reducibility of the vanadium species as detected by TPR analysis and optical absorption spectroscopy. While sodium addition increases the dispersion of the VOx species, its presence also decreases their reducibility. Additionally, TPO of the spent catalysts revealed that an increase in the Na loading decreases the carbon deposition during reaction. In the case of the catalysts supported on MCM-41, these modifications were mirrored by a change in the activity and selectivity to acetaldehyde. Additionally, on the VOx/TiO2 catalysts the catalytic activity decreased with increasing sodium content in the catalyst. A model in which sodium affects dispersion, reducibility and also acidity of the supported-vanadia species is proposed to explain all these observations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Engn Quim, Tarragona, Spain. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99235 USA. RP Herrera, JE (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. EM jherrera@eng.uwo.ca; yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Medina Cabello, Francesc/F-9370-2015; OI Medina Cabello, Francesc/0000-0002-3111-1542; Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 332 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.08.024 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 234YH UT WOS:000251200100011 ER PT J AU Chiow, SW Long, Q Vo, C Muller, H Chu, S AF Chiow, Sheng-wey Long, Quan Vo, Christoph Mueller, Holger Chu, Steven TI Extended-cavity diode lasers with tracked resonances SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC PHYSICS; OPERATION; SYSTEM; RANGE AB We present a painless, almost-free upgrade to present extended-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) that improves the long-term mode-hop-free performance by stabilizing the resonance of the internal cavity to the external cavity. This stabilization is based on the observation that the frequency or amplitude noise of the ECDL is lowest at the optimum laser diode temperature or injection current. Thus, keeping the diode current at the level where the noise is lowest ensures mode-hop-free operation within one of the stable regions of the mode chart, even if these should drift due to external influences. This method can be applied directly to existing laser systems without modifying the optical setup. We demonstrate the method in two ECDLs stabilized to vapor cells at 852 and 895 nm wavelengths. We achieve long-term mode-hop-free operation and low noise at low power consumption, even with an inexpensive non-antireflection-coated diode. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Chiow, Sheng-wey; Long, Quan; Vo, Christoph; Mueller, Holger] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chu, Steven] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chiow, SW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM swchiow@stanford.edu RI Mueller, Holger/E-3194-2015 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 33 BP 7997 EP 8001 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007997 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 243XK UT WOS:000251830400005 PM 18026536 ER PT J AU Dansson, MA Boisselle, M Linne, MA Michelsen, HA AF Dansson, Mark A. Boisselle, Matthew Linne, Mark A. Michelsen, Hope A. TI Complications to optical measurements using a laser with an unstable resonator: a case study on laser-induced incandescence of soot SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ND-YAG LASER; VARIABLE-REFLECTIVITY-MIRROR; PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENTS; LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; VOLUME FRACTION; NANOSECOND PULSES; GAUSSIAN MIRRORS; MODE; LII AB Temporal behavior of pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with an unstable resonator can vary significantly with radial position in the beam. Our laser provides pulses with position-dependent durations spanning 8-11.5 ns at 1064 nm and 7-10 ns at 532 nm. Pulses emerge first and have the longest duration at the center of the beam; they are shorter (by up to 4 ns) and increasingly delayed (by up to 10 ns) with increasing radial distance from the center. This behavior can have a dramatic effect on time-sensitive experiments, such as laser-induced incandescence of soot, if not taken into account. C1 [Dansson, Mark A.; Boisselle, Matthew; Linne, Mark A.; Michelsen, Hope A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, PO Box 969,MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hamiche@sandia.gov NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 33 BP 8095 EP 8103 DI 10.1364/AO.46.008095 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 243XK UT WOS:000251830400018 PM 18026549 ER PT J AU Young, PA Fryer, CL AF Young, Patrick A. Fryer, Chris L. TI The local environments of long-duration gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; supernovae : general ID MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; SUPERNOVAE; STARS; PROGENITORS; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; COLLAPSE AB We construct various properties (e.g., metallicity/redshift distributions) for populations of long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) from different proposed progenitor models. We use a description of star formation that takes into account the evolution of metallicity with redshift and galaxy mass, the evolution of galaxy mass with redshift, and the star formation rate with galaxy mass and redshift. We compare predicted distributions with redshift and metallicity to observations of GRB host galaxies and find that the simple models cannot produce the observed distributions, but that current theoretical models can reproduce the observations within some constraints on the fraction of fallback black holes that produce GRBs. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Expolrat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, PA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Expolrat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1086/521695 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400043 ER PT J AU Kobulnicky, HA Fryer, CL AF Kobulnicky, Henry A. Fryer, Chris L. TI A new look at the binary characteristics of massive stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : spectroscopic; gamma rays : bursts; stars : early-type; supernovae : general; techniques : radial velocities; X-rays : binaries ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; RATIO DISTRIBUTION; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; O-STARS; ECLIPSING BINARIES; ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; INTERACTING BINARIES AB We constrain the properties of massive binaries by comparing radial velocity data on early-type stars in Cygnus OB2 with the expectations of Monte Carlo models. Our comparisons test several popular prescriptions for massive binary parameters. We explore a range of true binary fraction, F, a range of power-law slopes, alpha, describing the distribution of companion masses between the limits q(low) and 1, and a range of power-law slopes, alpha, describing the distribution of orbital separations between the limits r(in) and rout. We also consider distributions of secondary masses described by a Miller-Scalo type IMF and by a two-component IMF that includes a substantial "twin'' population with M(2) similar or equal to M(1). Several seemingly disparate prescriptions for massive binary characteristics can be reconciled by adopting carefully chosen values for F, rin, and rout. We show that binary fractions F < 0.7 are less probable than F >= 0.8 for reasonable choices of r(in) and r(out). Thus, the true binary fraction is high. For F = 1.0 and a distribution of orbital separations near the canonical "Opik's law distribution (i.e., flat; beta = 0), the power-law slope of the mass ratio distribution is alpha = -0.6 to 0.0. For F similar or equal to 0.8, alpha is somewhat larger, in the range -0.4 to 1.0. In any case, the secondary star mass function is inconsistent with a Miller-ScaloYlike IMF unless the lower end is truncated below similar to 2-4 M(circle dot). In other words, massive stars preferentially have massive companions. The best-fitting models are described by a Salpeter or Miller-Scalo IMF for 60% of secondary star masses with the other similar to 40% of secondaries having M(2) similar or equal to M(1), i.e., "twins.'' These model parameters simultaneously predict the fraction of Type Ib/c supernovae to be 30%-40% of all core-collapse supernovae, in agreement with recent observational estimates. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kobulnicky, HA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM chipk@uwyo.edu; fryer@lanl.gov NR 69 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 670 IS 1 BP 747 EP 765 DI 10.1086/522073 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231QZ UT WOS:000250965400057 ER PT J AU Mangeney, A Tsimring, LS Volfson, D Aranson, IS Bouchut, F AF Mangeney, A. Tsimring, L. S. Volfson, D. Aranson, I. S. Bouchut, F. TI Avalanche mobility induced by the presence of an erodible bed and associated entrainment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR FLOWS; LANDSLIDES; RUNOUT; PLANE AB The partial fluidization model developed by Aranson and Tsimring ( 2002) is used to simulate the spreading of a 2D circular cap of granular material over an erodible bed made of the same material. Numerical results show that the presence of even a very thin layer of granular material lying on the solid bed strongly increases the mobility of granular flows. Furthermore, as the thickness of the granular layer increases, the dynamics of the flowing mass changes from a decelerating avalanche to a traveling wave. Numerical simulation suggest that surges are generated if enough mass is entrained, increasing the energy of the flowing material and balancing the energy lost by friction. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Paris 07, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Dept Math & Applicat, F-75230 Paris 05, France. RP Mangeney, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM amangeney@ucsd.edu; ltsimring@ucsd.edu; dvolfson@ucsd.edu; aronson@msd.anl.gov; fbouchut@dma.ens.fr RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013; Bouchut, Francois/D-5608-2016; Mangeney, Anne/F-5750-2017; OI Bouchut, Francois/0000-0002-2545-1655; Volfson, Dmitri/0000-0002-5167-7834 NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 22 AR L22401 DI 10.1029/2007GL031348 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 235TK UT WOS:000251257000006 ER PT J AU Rao, RR Mondy, LA Altobelli, SA AF Rao, Rekha R. Mondy, Lisa A. Altobelli, Stephen A. TI Instabilities during batch sedimentation in geometries containing obstacles: A numerical and experimental study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE suspensions; instabilities; sedimentation ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VISCOUS RESUSPENSION; PARTICLE MIGRATION; SUSPENSION FLOWS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; SIMULATION; SEGREGATION; CHANNELS; LAMINAR AB Batch sedimentation of non-colloidal particle suspensions is studied with nuclear magnetic resonance flow visualization and continuum-level numerical modelling of particle migration. The experimental method gives particle volume fraction as a function of time and position, which then provides validation data for the numerical model. A finite element method is used to discretize the equations of motion, including an evolution equation for the particle volume fraction and a generalized Newtonian viscosity dependent on local particle concentration. The diffusive-flux equation is based on the Phillips model (Phys. Fluids A 1992; 4:30-40) and includes sedimentation terms described by Zhang and Acrivos (Int. J Multiphase Flow 1994; 20:579-591). The model and experiments are utilized in three distinct geometries with particles that are heavier and lighter than the suspending fluid, depending on the experiment: (1) sedimentation in a cylinder with a contraction; (2) particle flotation in a horizontal cylinder with a horizontal rod; and (3) flotation around a rectangular inclusion. Secondary flows appear in both the experiments and the simulations when a region of higher density fluid is above a lower density fluid. The secondary flows result in particle inhomogeneities, Rayleigh-Taylor-like instabilities, and remixing, though the effect in the simulations is more pronounced than in the experiments. (c) Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Yale Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Rao, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rrrao@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 8 BP 723 EP 735 DI 10.1002/fld.1483 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 229OK UT WOS:000250813600002 ER PT J AU Stalgren, JJR Boschkova, K Ericsson, JC Frank, CW Knoll, W Satija, S Toney, MF AF Stalgren, Johan J. R. Boschkova, Katrin Ericsson, Jan-Christer Frank, Curtis W. Knoll, Wolfgang Satija, Sushil Toney, Michael F. TI Enrichment of deuterium oxide at hydrophilic interfaces in aqueous solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; HYDRATION FORCES; WATER-STRUCTURE; LIQUID H2O-D2O; SURFACES; FREQUENCY; SIMULATION AB The structure of water at aqueous interfaces is of the utmost importance in biology, chemistry, and geology. We use neutron reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance to probe an interface between hydrophilic quartz and bulk liquid solutions of H2O/D2O mixtures. We find that near the interface the neutron scattering length density is larger than in the bulk solution and there is an excess adsorbed mass. We interpret this as showing that there is a region adjacent to the quartz that is enriched in D2O and extends 5-10 nm into the solution. This suggests caution when interpreting results where D2O is substituted for H2O in aqueous interfacial chemistry. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Surface Chem, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem Surface Chem, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerat Ctr, Stanford Synchroton Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Toney, MF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mftoney@slac.stanford.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 24 BP 11943 EP 11946 DI 10.1021/la700932s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 231VG UT WOS:000250976700001 PM 17958382 ER PT J AU de Kerchove, AJ Weronski, P Elimelech, M AF de Kerchove, Alexis J. Weronski, Pawel Elimelech, Menachem TI Adhesion of nonmotile Pseudomonas aeruginosa on "soft" polyelectrolyte layer in a radial stagnation point flow system: Measurements and model predictions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; BACTERIAL ADHESION; POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; CONDITIONING FILM; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DLVO THEORY AB Prediction of bacterial deposition rates onto substrates in natural aquatic systems is quite challenging because of the inherent complexity of such systems. In this study we compare experimental deposition kinetics of nonmotile bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on an alginate-coated substrate in a radial stagnation point flow (RSPF) system to predictions based on DLVO theory. The "softness" of the surface layer of the bacteria and alginate-coated substrate was considered in the calculations of their electrokinetic surface properties, and the relevance of both the classical zeta potential and the outer surface potential as surrogates for surface potential was investigated. Independent of the used electrical potentials, we showed that significant discrepancies exist between theory and experiments. Analysis of microscopic images in the RSPF system has demonstrated, for the first time, that irreversible deposition of particles or cells entrapped in the secondary energy minimum can occur on the alginate layer, despite the hydrodynamic forces resulting from the radial flow in the RSPF system. It is suggested that polymeric structures associated with the surface of the particle/cell and the alginate-coated substrate are responsible for the transition between the secondary minimum and primary energy well. This mode of deposition is likely to be important in the deposition of microorganisms in complex aquatic systems. C1 Yale Univ, Environm Engn Program, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Catalysis & Surface Chem, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland. RP Elimelech, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Environm Engn Program, Dept Chem Engn, POB 208286, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM menachem.elimelech@yale.edu RI Elimelech, Menachem/E-7137-2012 OI Elimelech, Menachem/0000-0003-4186-1563 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 24 BP 12301 EP 12308 DI 10.1021/la701936x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 231VG UT WOS:000250976700059 PM 17941654 ER PT J AU Besserer, GM Ottolia, M Nicoll, DA Chaptal, V Cascio, D Philipson, KD Abramson, J AF Besserer, Gabriel Mercado Ottolia, Michela Nicoll, Debora A. Chaptal, Vincent Cascio, Duilio Philipson, Kenneth D. Abramson, Jeff TI The second Ca2+-binding domain of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is essential for regulation: Crystal structures and mutational analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE calcium binding; calcium regulation ID HUMAN VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; SODIUM-CALCIUM EXCHANGE; NA+/CA2+ EXCHANGER; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STEADY-STATE; CA2+; MODEL; NCX1; STOICHIOMETRY; PROTEINS AB The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger plays a central role in cardiac contractility by maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Two Ca2+-binding domains, CBD1 and CBD2, located in a large intracellular loop, regulate activity of the exchanger. Ca2+ binding to these regulatory domains activates the transport of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. Previously, we solved the structure of CBD1, revealing four Ca2+ ions arranged in a tight planar cluster. Here, we present structures of CBD2 in the Ca2+-bound (1.7-angstrom resolution) and -free (1.4-angstrom resolution) conformations. Like CBD1, CBD2 has a classical Ig fold but coordinates only two Ca2+ ions in primary and secondary Ca2+ sites. In the absence of Ca2+, LyS(585) stabilizes the structure by coordinating two acidic residues (Asp(552) and Glu(648)), one from each of the Ca2+-binding sites, and prevents a substantial protein unfolding. We have mutated all of the acidic residues that coordinate the Ca2+ ions and have examined the effects of these mutations on regulation of exchange activity. Three mutations (E516L, D578V, and E648L) at the primary Ca2+ site completely remove Ca2+ regulation, placing the exchanger into a constitutively active state. These are the first data defining the role of CBD2 as a regulatory domain in the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cardiovasc Res Labs, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US Dept Energy, Inst Genet & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Abramson, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cardiovasc Res Labs, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jabramson@mednet.ucla.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL49101, R01 HL049101] NR 32 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18467 EP 18472 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707417104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500024 PM 17962412 ER PT J AU Canadell, JG Le Quere, C Raupach, MR Field, CB Buitenhuis, ET Ciais, P Conway, TJ Gillett, NP Houghton, RA Marland, G AF Canadell, Josep G. Le Quere, Corinne Raupach, Michael R. Field, Christopher B. Buitenhuis, Erik T. Ciais, Philippe Conway, Thomas J. Gillett, Nathan P. Houghton, R. A. Marland, Gregg TI Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO(2) growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE airborne fraction; anthropogenic carbon emissions; carbon-climate feedback; terrestrial and ocean carbon emissions; vulnerabilities of the carbon cycle ID PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LAND-USE; CLIMATE; EMISSIONS; CYCLE; DROUGHT; MODELS; ICE C1 Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine, Atmospheric Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Comis Energie Atom, Lab Sci Climate Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Oceanic & Atmosphric Administ Earth Syst Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. RP Canadell, JG (reprint author), Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine, Atmospheric Res, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM pep.canadell@csiro.au RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 33 TC 867 Z9 912 U1 33 U2 385 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18866 EP 18870 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702737104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500092 PM 17962418 ER PT J AU Santos, CC Guedes, I Loong, CK Boatner, LA AF Santos, C. C. Guedes, I. Loong, C. -K. Boatner, L. A. TI Low-temperature Raman spectra of YbVO4 SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Foundations and Applications of Raman Spectroscopy CY SEP 24-26, 2006 CL Ceara, BRAZIL DE YbVO4; zircon-type structure; orthovanadates; temperature-dependent Raman spectra ID EARTH ORTHO-PHOSPHATES; CRYSTAL-FIELD; SCATTERING AB This paper reports on the spectroscopic study of YbVO4 in the range 10-300 K. All the Raman phonons were properly assigned. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra showed no anomalous changes, which indicate that neither structural phase transition nor strong electron-phonon coupling occur, at least within this temperature range. This result is sharp contrast to those of YbPO4 where strong mixing of the upper crystal-field states Gamma(6) and Gamma(7) with an E-g(3) phonon at room-temperature occurs. A possible explanation for the absence of electron-phonon coupling in YbVO4 is the occurrence of the Gamma(6) state at energy higher than the E-g(3) phonon, unlike the coincidence of Gamma(6) and E-g(3) energies in YbPO4. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Santos, C. C.; Guedes, I.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Loong, C. -K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Boatner, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ORNL Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guedes, I (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Caixa Postal 6030, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM guedes@fisica.ufc.br RI Santos, Clenilton/I-2540-2012; GUEDES, ILDE/C-3451-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; GUEDES, ILDE/0000-0002-1040-5891 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 SI SI BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2007.05.002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 253CY UT WOS:000252497500005 ER PT J AU Shi, DL Guo, Y Dong, ZY Lian, J Wang, W Liu, GK Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Shi, Donglu Guo, Yan Dong, Zhongyun Lian, Jie Wang, Wei Liu, Guokui Wang, Lumin Ewing, Rodney C. TI Quantum-dot-activated luminescent carbon nanotubes via a nano scale surface functionalization for in vivo imaging SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; PLASMA DEPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENCE; CYTOTOXICITY; NANOCRYSTALS; MICE AB cThe coupling of quantum dots on carbon nanotubes was materialized based on a novel plasma surface polymerization. The quantum dot activated carbon nanotubes exhibited intense visible light emissions in both fluorescent spectroscopy and in vivo imaging. This novel nano scale design can be used as an effective biomarker for applications in the cancer diagnosis and treatment. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Res Inst Micro Nano Sci & Technol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shi, DL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM shid@email.uc.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010 NR 28 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 22 BP 4033 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200700035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 237OE UT WOS:000251383900050 ER PT J AU Arenal, R Liu, ACY AF Arenal, R. Liu, A. C. Y. TI Clustering of aromatic rings in near-frictionless hydrogenated amorphous carbon films probed using multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SPECTRA AB Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The analysis of different parameters from the Raman spectra demonstrates that the diameter, structural, and topological orders of the sp(2)-bonded ring clusters increase with increasing fractions of hydrogen in the source gas. We report the existence of an unusual peak at 867 cm(-1) that in such extended clusters of aromatic rings, could correspond to a graphitic mode activated by a relaxation of the phonon selection-rule resulting from defects. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arenal, R (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, BP 72, F-92322 Chatillon, France. EM raul.arenal@onera.fr RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009 OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 21 AR 211903 DI 10.1063/1.2805189 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 233QN UT WOS:000251105500012 ER PT J AU Ulrich, TJ Johnson, PA Muller, M Mitton, D Talmant, M Laugier, P AF Ulrich, T. J. Johnson, Paul A. Muller, Marie Mitton, David Talmant, Maryline Laugier, Pascal TI Application of nonlinear dynamics to monitoring progressive fatigue damage in human cortical bone SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSTEOPOROSIS; ELASTICITY; ULTRASOUND AB In this work, the results of applying nonlinear dynamics to study progressive material fatigue in human bone are described. Material nonlinear dynamical response has been shown to be associated with mechanical damage. The progressive mechanical damage experiments were conducted in cortical bone extracted from a human femur. After each damage step, the material dynamical nonlinear response was measured by applying wave modulation and extracting a nonlinear parameter proportional to the sideband amplitude. The nonlinear parameter increases rapidly with damage step, indicating increased damage after the initial cycling procedure, while the quasistatic stiffness taken from the cycling experiments shows little change. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Image Paramet, F-75006 Paris, France. CNRS, LIP UMR, F-75006 Paris, France. Ecole Natl Super Arts & Metiers, CNRS, UMR 8005, Biomech Lab, F-75013 Paris, France. RP Ulrich, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tju@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 21 AR 213901 DI 10.1063/1.2809565 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 233QN UT WOS:000251105500038 ER PT J AU Kawai, Y Alton, GD Tarvainen, O Suominen, P Koivisto, H AF Kawai, Y. Alton, G. D. Tarvainen, O. Suominen, P. Koivisto, H. TI Electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma heating with broadband microwave radiation: Anomalous effects SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE ECR ion source; ECR zone size; ECR volume-effect; microwave bandwidth effect; charge-state-distribution; charge-state enhancing method ID ECR ION-SOURCE; RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT IONIZATION; ARGON; ISOSEQUENCES; SINGLE; ATOMS; MG AB Affects of microwave bandwidth on the high-charge-states of ion beams extracted from a conventional minimum-B-geometry ECR ion source are first demonstrated. The high-charge-state intensities, produced with broadband microwave radiation are observed to be factors >= 2 than those produced with narrow bandwidth microwave radiation at the same power level. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@ornl.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 371 IS 4 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.06.036 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 239DM UT WOS:000251498900008 ER PT J AU Gallagher, TL Gee, SL Schluepen, CL Conboy, JG AF Gallagher, Thomas L. Gee, Sherry L. Schluepen, Christina L. Conboy, John G. TI Modulation of fox-regulated alternative splicing events during erythropoiesis SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Gallagher, Thomas L.; Gee, Sherry L.; Schluepen, Christina L.; Conboy, John G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 MA 142 BP 49A EP 50A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100800143 ER PT J AU Harvey, RC Davidson, GS Wang, X Dobbin, KK Bedrick, EJ Wilson, CS Atlas, SR Kang, H Chen, IM Hunger, SP Devidas, M Carroll, WL Bowman, P Camitta, B Reaman, G Willman, CL AF Harvey, Richard C. Davidson, George S. Wang, Xuefei Dobbin, Kevin K. Bedrick, Edward J. Wilson, Carla S. Atlas, Susan R. Kang, Huining Chen, I-Ming Hunger, Stephen P. Devidas, Meenakshi Carroll, William L. Bowman, Paul Camitta, Bruce Reaman, Gregory Willman, Cheryl L. TI Expression profiling identifies novel genetic subgroups with distinct clinical features and outcome in high-risk pediatric precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). A children's oncology group study SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Harvey, Richard C.; Wang, Xuefei; Bedrick, Edward J.; Wilson, Carla S.; Atlas, Susan R.; Kang, Huining; Chen, I-Ming; Willman, Cheryl L.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Harvey, Richard C.; Chen, I-Ming; Hunger, Stephen P.; Devidas, Meenakshi; Carroll, William L.; Bowman, Paul; Camitta, Bruce; Reaman, Gregory] Childrens Oncol Grp, Arcadia, CA USA. [Davidson, George S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Dobbin, Kevin K.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 BP 428A EP 429A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100801698 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, ML Kang, JA Arribere, JA Wickrema, A Conboy, JG AF Yamamoto, Miki L. Kang, Jeong-Ah Arribere, Josh A. Wickrema, Amittha Conboy, John G. TI Identification of alternative splicing changes in erythroid differentiation using human exon arrays. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Yamamoto, Miki L.; Arribere, Josh A.; Conboy, John G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Kang, Jeong-Ah; Wickrema, Amittha] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 MA 1707 BP 508A EP 509A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100802229 ER PT J AU Green, DJ Pagel, JM Nemecek, ER Pantelias, A Lin, Y Kenoyer, AL Fisher, DR Wilbur, DS Hamlin, DK Gopal, AK Press, OW AF Green, Damian J. Pagel, John M. Nemecek, Eneida R. Pantelias, Anastasia Lin, Yukang Kenoyer, Aimee L. Fisher, Darrell R. Wilbur, D. S. Hamlin, Donald K. Gopal, Ajay K. Press, Oliver W. TI Anti-CD45 pretargeted radioimmunotherapy in a nonhuman primate model SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Green, Damian J.; Pagel, John M.; Pantelias, Anastasia; Lin, Yukang; Kenoyer, Aimee L.; Gopal, Ajay K.; Press, Oliver W.] FHCRC, Seattle, WA USA. [Nemecek, Eneida R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. [Green, Damian J.; Pagel, John M.; Wilbur, D. S.; Hamlin, Donald K.; Gopal, Ajay K.; Press, Oliver W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. [Fisher, Darrell R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 MA 2336 BP 691A EP 691A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100803118 ER PT J AU Steidl, U Steidl, C Ebralidze, A Chapuy, B Han, HJ Will, B Rosenbauer, F Becker, A Wagner, K Koschmieder, S Kobayashi, S Costa, DB Schulz, T O'Brien, KB Verhaak, RGW Delwel, R Haase, D Trumper, L Krauter, J Kohwi-Shigematsu, K Griesinger, F Tenen, DG AF Steidl, Ulrich Steidl, Christian Ebralidze, Alexander Chapuy, Bjoern Han, Hye-Jung Will, Britta Rosenbauer, Frank Becker, Annegret Wagner, Katharina Koschmieder, Steffen Kobayashi, Susumu Costa, Daniel B. Schulz, Thomas O'Brien, Karen B. Verhaak, Roel G. W. Delwel, Ruud Haase, Detlef Trumper, Lorenz Krauter, Juergen Kohwi-Shigematsu, KrauterTerumi Griesinger, Frank Tenen, Daniel G. TI A distal single nueleotide polymorphism disrupts development-dependent long-range transcriptional regulation of the PU.1 gene through the chromatin-remodeling protein SATB1 in acute myeloid leukemia SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 08-11, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Steidl, Ulrich; Ebralidze, Alexander; Will, Britta; Rosenbauer, Frank; Wagner, Katharina; Koschmieder, Steffen; Kobayashi, Susumu; Costa, Daniel B.; O'Brien, Karen B.; Tenen, Daniel G.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Steidl, Christian; Chapuy, Bjoern; Becker, Annegret; Schulz, Thomas; Haase, Detlef; Trumper, Lorenz; Griesinger, Frank] Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. [Steidl, Christian] British Columbia Canc Agcy, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. [Han, Hye-Jung; Kohwi-Shigematsu, KrauterTerumi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Will, Britta] Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. [Rosenbauer, Frank] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, Germany. [Wagner, Katharina; Krauter, Juergen] Hannover Med Sch, D-3000 Hannover, Germany. [Koschmieder, Steffen] Univ Hosp, Munster, Germany. [Delwel, Ruud] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 11 MA 3175 BP 933A EP 933A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 233OS UT WOS:000251100804212 ER PT J AU Piazzesi, G Reconditi, M Linari, M Lucii, L Bianco, P Brunello, E Decostre, V Stewart, A Gore, DB Irving, TC Irving, M Lombardi, V AF Piazzesi, Gabriella Reconditi, Massimo Linari, Marco Lucii, Leonardo Bianco, Pasquale Brunello, Elisabetta Decostre, Valerie Stewart, Alex Gore, David B. Irving, Thomas C. Irving, Malcolm Lombardi, Vincenzo TI Skeletal muscle performance determined by modulation of number of myosin motors rather than motor force or stroke size SO CELL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CONTRACTING MUSCLE; STRIATED-MUSCLE; WORKING STROKE; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; POWER STROKE; ACTIN; HEADS; GENERATION AB Skeletal muscle can bear a high load at constant length, or shorten rapidly when the load is low. This force-velocity relationship is the primary determinant of muscle performance in vivo. Here we exploited the quasi-crystalline order of myosin II motors in muscle filaments to determine the molecular basis of this relationship by X-ray interference and mechanical measurements on intact single cells. We found that, during muscle shortening at a wide range of velocities, individual myosin motors maintain a force of about 6 pN while pulling an actin filament through a 6 nm stroke, then quickly detach when the motor reaches a critical conformation. Thus we show that the force-velocity relationship is primarily a result of a reduction in the number of motors attached to actin in each filament in proportion to the filament load. These results explain muscle performance and efficiency in terms of the molecular mechanism of the myosin motor. C1 Kings Coll London, Randall Div Cell & Mol Biophys, London SE1 1UL, England. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Genet, Lab Fisiol, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, CRS SOFT INFM CNR, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Dexela Ltd, Spitfire Studios, London N1 9BE, England. BioCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Irving, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Randall Div Cell & Mol Biophys, London SE1 1UL, England. EM malcolm.irving@kcl.ac.uk RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Bianco, Pasquale/0000-0002-0705-4349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08630]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01AR049033.03] NR 53 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 131 IS 4 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.045 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 231RI UT WOS:000250966300024 PM 18022371 ER PT J AU Kim, J Petritis, K Shen, W Camp, DG Moore, RJ Smith, RD AF Kim, Jeongkwon Petritis, Konstantinos Shen, Weng Camp, David G., II Moore, Ronald J. Smith, Richard D. TI Phosphopeptide elution times in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE phosphopeptide; phosphorylation; elation time; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; normalization; GRAVY; prediction capability ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PEPTIDE RETENTION TIME; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITIES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GRAPHITE POWDER; SIDE-CHAINS; PREDICTION AB Elution time shifts between 33 different peptides and their corresponding phosphopeptides ranging from 4 amino acid residues to 35 amino acids in length were systematically investigated using high-resolution reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis with trifluoroacetic acid as the ion pairing agent. Observed peptide elution time shifts for a single phosphorylation ranged from -5.28 min (for pYVPML) to +0.59 min (for HRDpSGLLDSLGR). Peptides containing a phosphotyrosine residue displayed a significant decrease in elution time following phosphorylation compared to their similar-sized peptides with phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues. While peptide phosphorylation generally led to a decrease in the observed elution time, five peptides displayed increased elution times as a result of phosphorylation. For large peptides (>= 18 amino acids), the elution time shifts due to single phosphorylation were limited (ranging between -0.48 and +0.03 min), while the elution time shifts for small peptides (< 18 amino acids) were characterized by a larger deviation (ranging between -5.28 and +0.59 min). The predictive capability for the observed RPLC elution time change due to phosphorylation has been suggested, which will aid in assigning confident phosphopeptide identifications and their subsequent confirmation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K898, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K898, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Kim, Jeongkwon/C-6230-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Kim, Jeongkwon/0000-0002-0087-1151; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-03, RR018522] NR 52 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 1172 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.032 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 235XJ UT WOS:000251267300002 PM 17935722 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Muelmenstaedt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuno, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, I. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Cilijak, M. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Coca, M. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Cuenca Almenar, C. Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. DaRonco, S. Datta, M. D'Auria, S. Davies, T. Dagenhart, D. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Paoli, F. Delli Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Doerr, C. Donati, S. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, I. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Field, R. Flanagan, G. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI Observation of the heavy baryons Sigma(b) and Sigma(b)* SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL MODELS; MASSES; QUARK; SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICS AB We report an observation of new bottom baryons produced in p (p) over bar collisions at the Tevatron. Using 1.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector, we observe four Lambda(0)(b)pi(+/-) resonances in the fully reconstructed decay mode Lambda(0)(b)->Lambda(+)(c)pi(-), where Lambda(+)(c)-> pK(-)pi(+). We interpret these states as the Sigma((*)+/-)(b) baryons and measure the following masses: m(Sigma b)(+)=5807.8(-2.2)(+2.0)(stat.)+/- 1.7(syst.) MeV/c(2), m(Sigma b)(-)=5815.2 +/- 1.0(stat.)+/- 1.7(syst.) MeV/c(2), and m(Sigma(*)(b))-m(Sigma(b))=21.2(-1.9)(+2.0)(stat.)(-0.3)(+0.4)(syst.) MeV/c(2). C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Energeis, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Dept Geol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Inst Phys, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Expt Kernphys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambient & Technol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Montreal, PQ 02139, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LPNHE, UMR7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena & Scuola Nirmal Supr, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 31 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Kaminski, J. Kelsey, M. H. Kim, H. Kim, P. Kocian, M. L. Leith, D. W. G. S. Li, S. Luitz, S. Luth, V. Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Stelzer, J. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. van Bakel, N. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for the decay B+-> K+tau(-/+)mu(+/-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decay B+-> K+tau(-/+)mu(+/-) using 383x10(6) B (B) over bar events collected by the BABAR experiment. The branching fraction for this decay can be substantially enhanced in new physics models. The kinematics of the tau from the signal B decay are inferred from the K+, mu, and other B in the event, which is fully reconstructed in one of a variety of hadronic decay modes, allowing the signal B candidate to be fully reconstructed. We observe no excess of events over the expected background and set a limit of B(B+-> K+tau mu)< 7.7x10(-5) at 90% confidence level, where the branching fraction is for the sum of the K+tau(-)mu(+) and K+tau(+)mu(-) final states. We use this result to improve a model-independent bound on the energy scale of flavor-changing new physics. C1 Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Phys Particules, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Depr ECM, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-70121 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birkenhead B15 2TT, Merseyside, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Ins Exptphys 1, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lab Naz Frascati, INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Imperial Coll London, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Iowa City, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Paris Sud 2, CNRS, Ctr Scientif Orsay, Lab Accelerateur,IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2TS, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, Mississippi State, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, INFN, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nuclear Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-34127 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3PG, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, CNRS, Lab Phys Particules, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 201801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.201801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600011 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Schroeder, T Steinke, M Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, 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Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. CA BABAR Collaboration TI Amplitude analysis of the B-+/-->phi K*(892)(+/-) decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; PHYSICS; B->VV AB We perform an amplitude analysis of B-+/-->phi(1020)K-*(892)(+/-) decay with a sample of about 384x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs recorded with the BABAR detector. Overall, twelve parameters are measured, including the fractions of longitudinal f(L) and parity-odd transverse f(perpendicular to) amplitudes, branching fraction, strong phases, and six parameters sensitive to CP violation. We use the dependence on the K pi invariant mass of the interference between the J(P)=1(-) and 0(+) K pi components to resolve the discrete ambiguity in the determination of the strong and weak phases. Our measurements of f(L)=0.49 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.03, f(perpendicular to)=0.21 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.02, and the strong phases point to the presence of a substantial helicity-plus amplitude from a presently unknown source. C1 Univ Savoie, Lab Phys Particles, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kernphys, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lab Nazl Frascati, INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-161446 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 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Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, INFN, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Univ denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energeis,IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, INFN, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, INFN, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Univ Savoie, Lab Phys Particles, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI dong, liaoyuan/A-5093-2015; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; dong, liaoyuan/0000-0002-4773-5050; Pacetti, Simone/0000-0002-6385-3508; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 201802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.201802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600012 ER PT J AU Bennett, GR Herrmann, MC Edwards, MJ Spears, BK Back, CA Breden, EW Christenson, PJ Cuneo, ME Dannenburg, KL Frederick, C Keller, KL Mulville, TD Nikroo, A Peterson, K Porter, JL Russell, CO Sinars, DB Smith, IC Stamm, RM Vesey, RA AF Bennett, G. R. Herrmann, M. C. Edwards, M. J. Spears, B. K. Back, C. A. Breden, E. W. Christenson, P. J. Cuneo, M. E. Dannenburg, K. L. Frederick, C. Keller, K. L. Mulville, T. D. Nikroo, A. Peterson, K. Porter, J. L. Russell, C. O. Sinars, D. B. Smith, I. C. Stamm, R. M. Vesey, R. A. TI Fill-tube-induced mass perturbations on X-ray-driven, ignition-scale, inertial-confinement-fusion capsule shells and the implications for ignition experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FACILITY; IMPLOSIONS; HOHLRAUMS; TARGETS; PHYSICS AB On the first inertial-confinement-fusion ignition facility, the target capsule will be DT filled through a long, narrow tube inserted into the shell. mu g-scale shell perturbations Delta m' arising from multiple, 10-50 mu m-diameter, hollow SiO2 tubes on x-ray-driven, ignition-scale, 1-mg capsules have been measured on a subignition device. Simulations compare well with observation, whence it is corroborated that Delta m' arises from early x-ray shadowing by the tube rather than tube mass coupling to the shell, and inferred that 10-20 mu m tubes will negligibly affect fusion yield on a full-ignition facility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bennett, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 205003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.205003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600028 PM 18233149 ER PT J AU Grenier, S Thomas, KJ Hill, JP Staub, U Bodenthin, Y Garcia-Fernandez, M Scagnoli, V Kiryukhin, V Cheong, SW Kim, BG Tonnerre, JM AF Grenier, S. Thomas, K. J. Hill, J. P. Staub, U. Bodenthin, Y. Garcia-Fernandez, M. Scagnoli, V. Kiryukhin, V. Cheong, S-W. Kim, B. G. Tonnerre, J. M. TI Direct observation of oxygen superstructures in manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MN K EDGE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB We report the observation of superstructures associated with the oxygen 2p states in two prototypical manganites using x-ray diffraction at the oxygen K edge. In the stripe order system Bi0.31Ca0.69MnO3, hole-doped O states are orbitally ordered, at the same propagation vector as the Mn orbital ordering, but no oxygen charge stripes are found at this periodicity. In La7/8Sr1/8MnO3, we observe a 2p charge ordering described by alternating hole-poor and hole-rich MnO planes that is consistent with some of the recent predictions. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Grenier, S (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Garcia-Fernandez, Mirian/B-6018-2013; scagnoli, valerio/C-6833-2008; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015 OI scagnoli, valerio/0000-0002-8116-8870; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375; NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 206403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.206403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600046 PM 18233167 ER PT J AU Grether, M de Llano, M Baker, GA AF Grether, M. de Llano, M. Baker, George A., Jr. TI Bose-Einstein condensation in the relativistic ideal Bose gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINITE NONINTERACTING SYSTEMS; PAIR PRODUCTION; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; COOPER PAIRS; D DIMENSIONS; FERMI GAS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; THERMODYNAMICS; MODEL AB The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) critical temperature in a relativistic ideal Bose gas of identical bosons, with and without the antibosons expected to be pair-produced abundantly at sufficiently hot temperatures, is exactly calculated for all boson number densities, all boson point rest masses, and all temperatures. The Helmholtz free energy at the critical BEC temperature is lower with antibosons, thus implying that omitting antibosons always leads to the computation of a metastable state. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grether, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 200406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.200406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600006 PM 18233127 ER PT J AU Harrison, N McDonald, RD Singleton, J AF Harrison, N. McDonald, R. D. Singleton, J. TI Cuprate fermi orbits and fermi arcs: The effect of short-range antiferromagnetic order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPIN AB We consider the effect of a short antiferromagnetic correlation length xi on the electronic band structure of the underdoped cuprates. Starting with a Fermi-surface topology consistent with magnetic-quantum-oscillation data, we show that a reduced xi gives an asymmetric broadening of the quasiparticle dispersion, resulting in simulated ARPES data very similar to those observed in experiment. Predicted features include "Fermi arcs" close to ak=(pi/2,pi/2), where a is the in-plane lattice parameter, without the need to invoke a d-wave pseudogap order parameter. The statistical variation in the k-space areas of the reconstructed Fermi-surface pockets causes the quantum oscillations to be strongly damped, even in very strong magnetic fields, in agreement with experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663,MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 28 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 206406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.206406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600049 PM 18233170 ER PT J AU Ron, G Glister, J Lee, B Allada, K Armstrong, W Arrington, J Beck, A Benmokhtar, F Berman, BL Boeglin, W Brash, E Camsonne, A Calarco, J Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Coman, L Craver, B Cusanno, F Dumas, J Dutta, C Feuerbach, R Freyberger, A Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Gilman, R Hansen, O Higinbotham, DW Holmstrom, T Hyde, CE Ibrahim, H Ilieva, Y De Jager, CW Jiang, X Jones, MK Kang, H Kelleher, A Khrosinkova, E Kuchina, E Kumbartzki, G LeRose, JJ Lindgren, R Markowitz, P Beck, SMT McCullough, E Meekins, D Meziane, M Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Moffit, B Norum, BE Oh, Y Olson, M Paolone, M Paschke, K Perdrisat, CF Piasetzky, E Potokar, M Pomatsalyuk, R Pomerantz, I Puckett, A Punjabi, V Qian, X Qiang, Y Ransome, R Reyhan, M Roche, J Rousseau, Y Saha, A Sarty, AJ Sawatzky, B Schulte, E Shabestari, M Shahinyan, A Shneor, R Sirca, S Slifer, K Solvignon, P Song, J Sparks, R Subedi, R Strauch, S Urciuoli, GM Wang, K Wojtsekhowski, B Yan, X Yao, H Zhan, X Zhu, X AF Ron, G. Glister, J. Lee, B. Allada, K. Armstrong, W. Arrington, J. Beck, A. Benmokhtar, F. Berman, B. L. Boeglin, W. Brash, E. Camsonne, A. Calarco, J. Chen, J. P. Choi, Seonho Chudakov, E. Coman, L. Craver, B. Cusanno, F. Dumas, J. Dutta, C. Feuerbach, R. Freyberger, A. Frullani, S. Garibaldi, F. Gilman, R. Hansen, O. Higinbotham, D. W. Holmstrom, T. Hyde, C. E. Ibrahim, H. Ilieva, Y. de Jager, C. W. Jiang, X. Jones, M. K. Kang, H. Kelleher, A. Khrosinkova, E. Kuchina, E. Kumbartzki, G. LeRose, J. J. Lindgren, R. Markowitz, P. Beck, S. May-Tal McCullough, E. Meekins, D. Meziane, M. Meziani, Z. -E. Michaels, R. Moffit, B. Norum, B. E. Oh, Y. Olson, M. Paolone, M. Paschke, K. Perdrisat, C. F. Piasetzky, E. Potokar, M. Pomatsalyuk, R. Pomerantz, I. Puckett, A. Punjabi, V. Qian, X. Qiang, Y. Ransome, R. Reyhan, M. Roche, J. Rousseau, Y. Saha, A. Sarty, A. J. Sawatzky, B. Schulte, E. Shabestari, M. Shahinyan, A. Shneor, R. Sirca, S. Slifer, K. Solvignon, P. Song, J. Sparks, R. Subedi, R. Strauch, S. Urciuoli, G. M. Wang, K. Wojtsekhowski, B. Yan, X. Yao, H. Zhan, X. Zhu, X. CA Jefferson Lab Hall Collaboration TI Measurements of the proton elastic-form-factor ratio mu(p)G(E)(p)/G(M)(p) at low momentum transfer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; COMPTON-SCATTERING; NUCLEON AB High-precision measurements of the proton elastic form-factor ratio, mu(p)G(E)(p)/G(M)(p), have been made at four-momentum transfer, Q(2), values between 0.2 and 0.5 GeV2. The new data, while consistent with previous results, clearly show a ratio less than unity and significant differences from the central values of several recent phenomenological fits. By combining the new form-factor ratio data with an existing cross-section measurement, one finds that in this Q(2) range the deviation from unity is primarily due to G(E)(p) being smaller than expected. C1 St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NRCN, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Fis Lab, Sez Sanita, INFN, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. St Norbert Coll, Green Bay, WI USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Kharkov Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Geol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. INFN, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Ron, G (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Zhu, Xiaofeng/B-9493-2011; Sarty, Adam/G-2948-2014; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 20 AR 202002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.202002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232FL UT WOS:000251003600014 PM 18233135 ER PT J AU Marland, G Obersteiner, M Schlamadinger, B AF Marland, Gregg Obersteiner, Michael Schlamadinger, Bernhard TI The carbon benefits of fuels and forests SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joanneum Res, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5853 BP 1066 EP 1066 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231OC UT WOS:000250957900016 PM 18006724 ER PT J AU Dagotto, E AF Dagotto, Elbio TI Physics - When oxides meet face to face SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERFACES C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dagotto, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM edagotto@utk.edu NR 10 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5853 BP 1076 EP 1077 DI 10.1126/science.1151094 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231OC UT WOS:000250957900025 PM 18006728 ER PT J AU Chakhalian, J Freeland, JW Habermeier, HU Cristiani, G Khaliullin, G van Veenendaal, M Keimer, B AF Chakhalian, J. Freeland, J. W. Habermeier, H.-U. Cristiani, G. Khaliullin, G. van Veenendaal, M. Keimer, B. TI Orbital reconstruction and covalent bonding at an oxide interface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Orbital reconstructions and covalent bonding must be considered as important factors in the rational design of oxide heterostructures with engineered physical properties. We have investigated the interface between high-temperature superconducting (Y, Ca) Ba2Cu3O7 and metallic La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 by resonant x-ray spectroscopy. A charge of about -0.2 electron is transferred from Mn to Cu ions across the interface and induces a major reconstruction of the orbital occupation and orbital symmetry in the interfacial CuO2 layers. In particular, the Cu d(3z2-r2) orbital, which is fully occupied and electronically inactive in the bulk, is partially occupied at the interface. Supported by exact-diagonalization calculations, these data indicate the formation of a strong chemical bond between Cu and Mn atoms across the interface. Orbital reconstructions and associated covalent bonding are thus important factors in determining the physical properties of oxide heterostructures. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Chakhalian, J (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jchakhal@uark.edu RI Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 NR 28 TC 261 Z9 265 U1 17 U2 137 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5853 BP 1114 EP 1117 DI 10.1126/science.1149338 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231OC UT WOS:000250957900039 PM 17932255 ER PT J AU Beer, NR Hindson, BJ Wheeler, EK Hall, SB Rose, KA Kennedy, IM Colston, BW AF Beer, N. Reginald Hindson, Benjamin J. Wheeler, Elizabeth K. Hall, Sara B. Rose, Klint A. Kennedy, Ian M. Colston, Bill W. TI On-chip, real-time, single-copy polymerase chain reaction in picoliter droplets SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL EMULSION; MOLECULE PCR; DIGITAL PCR; MICROFLUIDICS; AMPLIFICATION; ENCAPSULATION; BACTERIA; VOLUME; CELLS AB The first lab-on-chip system for picoliter droplet generation and PCR amplification with real-time fluorescence detection has performed PCR in isolated droplets at volumes 10(6) smaller than commercial real-time PCR instruments. The system utilized a shearing T-junction in a silicon device to generate a stream of monodisperse picoliter droplets that were isolated from the microfluidic channel walls and each other by the oil-phase carrier. An off chip valving system stopped the droplets on-chip, allowing them to be thermally cycled through the PCR protocol without droplet motion. With this system, a 10-pL droplet, encapsulating less than one copy of viral genomic DNA through Poisson statistics, showed real-time PCR amplification curves with a cycle threshold of similar to 18, 20 cycles earlier than commercial instruments. This combination of the established real-time PCR assay with digital microfluidics is ideal for isolating single-copy nucleic acids in a complex environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Colston, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Colston1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 5 U2 106 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 22 BP 8471 EP 8475 DI 10.1021/ac701809w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 231HN UT WOS:000250937500007 PM 17929880 ER PT J AU Goddard, GR Sanders, CK Martin, JC Kaduchak, G Graves, SW AF Goddard, Gregory R. Sanders, Claire K. Martin, John C. Kaduchak, Gregory Graves, Steven W. TI Analytical performance of an ultrasonic particle focusing flow cytometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE SENSITIVITY; LASER; MANIPULATION; RESOLUTION; SAMPLES; DIODE AB Creation of inexpensive small-flow cytometers is important for applications ranging from disease diagnosis in resource-poor areas to use in distributed sensor networks. In conventional-flow cytometers, hydrodynamics focus particles to the center of a flow stream for analysis, which requires sheath fluid that increases consumable use and waste while dramatically reducing instrument portability. Here we have evaluated, using quantitative measurements of fluorescent microspheres and cells, the performance of a flow cytometer that uses acoustic energy to focus particles to the center of a flow stream. This evaluation demonstrated measurement precision for fluorescence and side scatter CVs for alignment microspheres of 2.54% and 7.7%, respectively. Particles bearing 7 x 10(3) fluorophores were well resolved in a background of 50 nM free fluorophore. The lower limit of detection was determined to be about 650 fluorescein molecules. Analysis of Chinese hamster cells on the system demonstrated that acoustic focusing had no effect on cellular viability. These results indicate that the ultrasonic flow cytometer has the necessary performance for most flow cytometry applications. Furthermore, through robust engineering approaches and the combination of acoustic focusing with low-cost light sources, detectors, and data acquisition systems, it will be possible to achieve a low-cost, truly portable flow cytometer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goddard, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Mail Stop M888,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ggoddard@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315, RR020064] NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 22 BP 8740 EP 8746 DI 10.1021/ac071402t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 231HN UT WOS:000250937500041 PM 17924647 ER PT J AU Wille, H Grovaerts, C Borovinskiy, A Latawiec, D Downing, KH Cohen, FE Prusiner, SB AF Wille, Holger Grovaerts, Cedric Borovinskiy, Alexander Latawiec, Diane Downing, Kenneth H. Cohen, Fred E. Prusiner, Stanley B. TI Electron crystallography of the scrapie prion protein complexed with heavy metals SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; immunolabeling; two-dimensional crystals; miniprion; uranyl binding; ammonium molybdate ID NMR STRUCTURES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; N-TERMINUS; ANTIBODY; EPITOPE; PURIFICATION; INFECTIVITY; MICROSCOPY; CONVERSION AB The insolubility of the disease-causing isoform of the prion protein (PrPsc) has prevented studies of its three-dimensional structure at atomic resolution. Electron crystallography of two-dimensional crystals of N-terminally truncated PrPsc (PrP 27-30) and a miniprion (PrP(sc)106) provided the first insights at intermediate resolution on the molecular architecture of the prion. Here, we report on the structure of PrP 27-30 and PrP(sc)106 negatively stained with heavy metals. The interactions of the heavy metals with the crystal lattice were governed by tertiary and quaternary structural elements of the protein as well as the charge and size of the heavy metal salts. Staining with molybdate anions revealed three prominent densities near the center of the trimer that forms the unit cell, coinciding with the location of the beta-helix that was proposed for the structure of PrPsc. Differential staining also confirmed the location of the internal deletion of PrP(sc)106 at or near these densities. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. Genesys Telecommun Lab, Daly, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Mol & Cellular Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wille, H (reprint author), 513 Parnassas Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM hwille@ind.ucsf.edu RI Wille, Holger/C-2280-2008 OI Wille, Holger/0000-0001-5102-8706 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG02132, AG021601, AG10770, P01 AG002132, P01 AG002132-190001, P01 AG010770, P01 AG010770-07, P01 AG021601, P01 AG021601-01] NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 467 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2007.08.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 233CD UT WOS:000251067100012 PM 17935686 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, AA Bompada, T Syed, M Shah, PK Maltsev, N AF Rodriguez, Alexis A. Bompada, Tanuja Syed, Mustafa Shah, Parantu K. Maltsev, Natalia TI Evolutionary analysis of enzymes using Chisel SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; METABOLIC PATHWAY COLLECTION; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; MICROBIAL GENOMES; PROTEIN SEQUENCES; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; DATABASE; RECONSTRUCTION; INFORMATION AB Motivation: Availability of large volumes of genomic and enzymatic data for taxonomically and phenotypically diverse organisms allows for exploration of the adaptive mechanisms that led to diversification of enzymatic functions. We present Chisel, a computational framework and a pipeline for an automated, high-resolution analysis of evolutionary variations of enzymes. Chisel allows automatic as well as interactive identification, and characterization of enzymatic sequences. Such knowledge can be utilized for comparative genomics, microbial diagnostics, metabolic engineering, drug design and analysis of metagenomes. Results: Chisel is a comprehensive resource that contains 8575 clusters and subsequent computational models specific for 939 distinct enzymatic functions and, when data is sufficient, their taxonomic variations. Application of Chisel to identification of enzymatic sequences in newly sequenced genomes, analysis of organism-specific metabolic networks, binning of metagenomes and other biological problems are presented. We also provide a thorough analysis of Chisel performance with other similar resources and manual annotations on Shewanella oneidensis MR1 genome. Availability: Chisel is available for interactive use at http://compbio.mcs.anl.gov/CHISEL. The website also provides a user manual, clusters and function-specific computational models. Contact: arodri7@mcs.anl.gov or maltsev@mcs.anl.gov Supplementary information: Additional data can be found at http://compbio.mcs.anl.gov/CHISEL/htmls/refs.html. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Comp Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rodriguez, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arodri7@mcs.anl.gov; maltsev@mcs.anl.gov RI Syed, Mustafa/A-5252-2011 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 22 BP 2961 EP 2968 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm421 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 234XM UT WOS:000251197800001 PM 17855417 ER PT J AU Cheng, YC Engel, GS Fleming, GR AF Cheng, Yuan-Chung Engel, Gregory S. Fleming, Graham R. TI Elucidation of population and coherence dynamics using cross-peaks in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS; PROTEIN; MODEL AB In this work, we perform a theoretical study on the dynamics and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of a model trimer system and compare the results to experimental data on the Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein. We combine a time-nonlocal quantum master equation formalism and the recently developed method for the efficient calculation of third-order photon echo polarization [M.F. Gelin, D. Egorova, W.J. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 164112] to simulate the 2D electronic spectra of the model system, and compare the time-evolution of the amplitude of cross-peaks to the coherent relaxation dynamics of the system following the excitation by a laser pulse. We show that beats of the upper diagonal peaks in the absolute value 2D spectra provide a direct probe for the coherence dynamics in the system, and the time-evolution of the amplitude of the lower diagonal cross-peaks in the real value 2D spectra can be used to reveal the population transfer among exciton states. Our results verify the intuitive description provided by response functions and demonstrate that the full coherent dynamics in a multichromophoric system can be elucidated using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Yuan-Chung; Engel, Gregory S.; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheng, Yuan-Chung; Engel, Gregory S.; Fleming, Graham R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3 Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheng, Yuan-Chung; Engel, Gregory S.; Fleming, Graham R.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov RI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/A-6566-2008; Engel, Gregory/C-1108-2012 OI Cheng, Yuan-Chung/0000-0003-0125-4267; Engel, Gregory/0000-0002-6740-5243 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 341 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.07.049 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240FT UT WOS:000251573300029 ER PT J AU Rewoldt, G Lin, Z Idomura, Y AF Rewoldt, G. Lin, Z. Idomura, Y. TI Linear comparison of gyrokinetic codes with trapped electrons SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Vlasov-Poisson; gyrokinetic; trapped electron mode; ion temperature gradient mode ID SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; MICROTURBULENCE; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; GRADIENT; PLASMAS; MODELS AB Three codes that solve the gyrokinetic equation in toroidal geometry are compared in the linear limit for the growth rates and real frequencies of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode and the trapped electron mode (TEM). The three codes are the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC and GT3D, both of which are radially-global particle-in-cell initial-value codes, and FULL, which is a radially-local continuum eigenvalue code. With the same standard input parameters on a reference magnetic surface, the three codes give good agreement for the linear eigenfrequencies, both without (i.e. with adiabatic electron response) and with trapped electrons, as the perpendicular wavenumber and the ion temperature gradient input parameters are varied. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokyo 1100015, Japan. RP Rewoldt, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rewoldt@pppl.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 10 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2007.06.017 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 235BW UT WOS:000251209500003 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Watson, DB Roh, Y AF Phillips, Debra H. Watson, David B. Roh, Yul TI Uranium deposition in a weathered fractured Saprolite/Shale SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; EXTRACTABLE IRON; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; PHOSPHATE; GOETHITE; ALUMINUM; FE; DITHIONITE; SPECIATION AB Chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microanalysis were carried out on cores of contaminated geological material collected around four closed waste disposal ponds to examine the extent of nitric acid extractable U (UNA) association with P, S, and extractable Fe, Al, and Mn oxides within deeply weathered fractured shale. The solid phase in many regimes on the site has been exposed to highly buffered acidic (<3.5) groundwater and has been aggressively weathered. Higher correlations occur between UNA and total P and S (r(2)=0.76, 0.69, respectively), citrate bicarbonate dithionite extractable Fe (Fed) and Al (Ald) (r(2)=0.87, 0.80, respectively), and acid oxalate extractable or amorphous/poorly crystalline Fe (Feo) (r(2)=0.63) in core material from a field plot known as Area 1 compared to core material from another field plot known as Area 3. In Area 3 core material, linear regression analysis of U-NA and total P and S, and Fed, Ald and Feo gave r(2) values of 0.67, 0.4, 0.06, 0.24, and 0.45, respectively. These results showed similar relationships with SEM-wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) mapping of this material. It is noteworthy that Area 1 geological material has not been as aggressively weathered as Area 3 material due to its physical location from the waste source. In all of the cores, most of the Fe and Al oxides were crystalline, while most of the Mn oxides were amorphous, The greater adsorption and/or fixation of anion complexes of P-U (uranium phosphate) and S onto Fe and Al oxides from Area I cores compared to Area 3 core material is probably due to a higher amount of crystalline Fe and Al oxides compared to amorphous Fe and Al oxides and higher Al substitution in Fe oxides in Area 1. This unique study illustrates the relationships between UNA, total P and S, and Al, Fe and Mn oxides in fractured shale under field conditions which can be used in planning remediation of this site and other similar sites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Environm Engn Res Ctr, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Watson, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM watsondb@ornl.gov RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7653 EP 7660 DI 10.1021/es070819d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231UM UT WOS:000250974700013 PM 18075070 ER PT J AU Liu, C Zachara, JM Foster, NS Strickland, J AF Liu, Chongxuan Zachara, John M. Foster, Nnancy S. Strickland, Janae TI Kinetics of reductive dissolution of hematite by bioreduced anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); BIOLOGICAL REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FERROUS IRON; ADSORPTION; HYDROQUINONE; SURFACTANTS AB The reductive dissolution of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) was investigated in a flow-through system using AH(2)DS, a reduced form of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), which is often used as a model electron shuttling compound in studies of dissimilatory microbial reduction of iron oxides. Influent flow rate, pH, and Fe(II) and phosphate concentrations were varied to investigate the redox kinetics in a flow-through reactor. The hematite reduction rates decreased with increasing pH from 4.5 to 7.6 and decreased with decreasing flow rate. The rates also decreased with increasing influent concentration of Fe(II) or phosphate that formed surface complexes at the experimental pH. Mineral surface properties, Fe(II) complexation reactions, and AGDS sorption on hematite surfaces were independently investigated for interpreting hematite reduction kinetics. AH(2)DS sorption to hematite was inferred from the parallel measurements of AGDS and AH(2)DS sorption to alpha-Al2O3, a redox stable analog of alpha-Fe2O3. Decreasing Fe(II) and increasing AH(2)DS sorption by controlling flow rate, influent pH, and Fe(II) and phosphate concentrations increased the rates of reductive dissolution.The rates were also affected by the redox reaction free energy when reductive dissolution approached equilibrium. This study demonstrated the importance of the geochemical variables for the reductive dissolution kinetics of iron oxides. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Liu, Chongxuan/0000-0002-2180-6770 NR 29 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7730 EP 7735 DI 10.1021/es070768k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231UM UT WOS:000250974700024 PM 18075081 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, R Cahill, TM Okamoto, RA Maddalena, RL Kado, NY AF Kobayashi, Reiko Cahill, Thomas M. Okamoto, Robert A. Maddalena, Randy L. Kado, Norman Y. TI Controlled exposure chamber study of uptake and clearance of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarhons by wheat grain SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR EXCHANGE; CHEMICALS; KINETICS; PLANTS; PCBS AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can partition from the atmosphere into agricultural crops, contributing to exposure through the dietary pathway. In this study, controlled environmental chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the transfer of PAHs from air into wheat grain, which is a major food staple. A series of PAHs ranging in size from naphthalene to pyrene were maintained at elevated gas-phase concentrations in the chamber housing mature and dry wheat grain both on the plant and with the husk removed. The PAHs did not achieve equilibrium between the air and grain over the 6.5 month monitoring period used in this study. Therefore, PAH uptake under field conditions is expected to be kinetically limited. A clearance study conducted for the grain showed the half-life of clearance was approximately 20 days for all compounds studied. The results suggest that atmospheric contaminants that partition into grain may remain in the grain long enough to contribute to dietary exposure for humans. Mass transfer across the air/grain interface appeared to be limited by grain-side resistance. The grain may act as a multicompartment system with rapid exchange at the surface followed by slower transfer into the grain. A grain/air concentration relationship was derived for the uptake time that is relevant to field conditions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Arizona State Univ, Phoenix, AZ 85069 USA. Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kado, NY (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nykado@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7934 EP 7940 DI 10.1021/es071459x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231UM UT WOS:000250974700054 PM 18075111 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Pett-Ridge, J AF Pardo, L. H. Hemond, H. F. Montoya, J. P. Pett-Ridge, J. TI Natural abundance N-15 in soil and litter across a nitrate-output gradient in New Hampshire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycling; N saturation; species patterns ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; PICEA-ABIES FOREST; NITROGEN SATURATION; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATE FOREST; ISOTOPE RATIOS; HUBBARD BROOK; 2 WATERSHEDS AB Stable isotopes of nitrogen are potentially a valuable tool for regional assessments of nitrogen saturation because they provide an integrated measure of the past nitrogen cycling history of a site. We measured delta N-15 of soil and litter, as well as net nitrification potential, at three sites across a nitrate-loss gradient in the White Mountains, New Hampshire to test the hypotheses: (1) that delta N-15 in soil and litter increase across a spatial gradient of nitrate loss; and (2) that delta N-15 in soil and litter is elevated when nitrification is elevated. delta N-15 was found not to vary significantly among the three sites. Patterns of leaf litter and forest floor delta N-15, however, were strongly influenced by species composition in individual plots. Beech litter had significantly higher delta N-15 than yellow birch, sugar maple, and red maple. The conifer-dominated plots had significantly lower delta N-15 in both the organic soil horizons and in litter than did the hardwood-dominated plots. When we adjusted for spatial heterogeneity in mineral soil delta N-15 values by using an enrichment factor, delta N-15(foliar) - delta N-15(Bs), in place of absolute soil delta N-15 values, a positive relationship was found with net nitrification for hardwoods. delta N-15 may also be a useful tool for evaluating species differences in nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake. The distinct pattern we observed of decreasing delta N-15 across the continuum from hardwood-dominated to conifer-dominated sites may suggest that local drivers (for example, nitrification rate) regulate the absolute value of foliar delta N-15, while species-driven factors (e.g., timing and type of uptake) control the foliar delta N-15 value of one species relative to another in the same plot. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. MIT 48 311, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.047 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 228PW UT WOS:000250743000009 ER PT J AU Catalano, JG Fenter, P Park, C AF Catalano, Jeffrey G. Fenter, Paul Park, Changyong TI Interfacial water structure on the (012) surface of hematite: Ordering and reactivity in comparison with corundum SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; OXIDE-SOLUTION INTERFACES; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; GRAZING-INCIDENCE EXAFS; ALPHA-AL2O3(1120) SURFACES; ORTHOCLASE (001)-WATER; (100)-WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ION ADSORPTION; SCATTERING AB Many geochemical reactions that control the composition of natural waters, contaminant fate and transport, and biogeochemical element cycling take place at the interface between minerals and aqueous solutions. A fundamental understanding of these important processes requires knowledge of the structure of mineral-water interfaces. High-resolution specular X-ray reflectivity was used to determine the structure of the hematite (012)-water interface. Relaxation of the surface was observed to be minor, and water was found to order near the hematite surface. Two sites of adsorbed water are inferred to be ordered laterally, one bridging between triply coordinated functional groups and the other bridging between the singly coordinated functional groups on the surface, as steric constraints limit the possible arrangements of water molecules occurring at the observed heights above the hematite surface. Relaxations of the hematite and corundum (012) surfaces, which are isostructural, are similar and limited primarily to the top most layer of the structures. No significant changes to the interfacial stoichiometry (i.e., partial occupancy of surface species) are observed in either case. The structure of interfacial water is similar on the hematite and corundum (012) surfaces as well, although water appeared to be less well ordered on the hematite surface. This may be due to expected differences in the oxygen exchange rates from surface functional groups or the apparent better matching of the corundum oxygen lattice to the natural structural ordering in water, and suggests that the dielectric constant gradients of interfacial water may differ on the two surfaces. Similar charging behavior is expected for these surfaces as similar types of surface functional groups are exposed. Although generally similar, subtle differences in the reactivity of hematite and corundum (012) surfaces to arsenate adsorption, and possibly the adsorption of other species, may be related to the difference in ordering of interfacial water observed in this study. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Catalano, JG (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM catalano@wustl.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 22 BP 5313 EP 5324 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.019 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232WT UT WOS:000251052100003 ER PT J AU Wan, J Tyliszczak, T Tokunaga, TK AF Wan, Jiamin Tyliszczak, Tolek Tokunaga, Tetsu K. TI Organic carbon distribution, speciation, and elemental correlations within soil micro aggregates: Applications of STXM and NEXAFS spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACID SUBSOIL HORIZONS; MATTER; STABILIZATION; MINERALS; MECHANISMS; TURNOVER AB Soils contain the largest inventory of organic carbon on the Earth's surface. Therefore, it is important to understand how soil organic carbon (SOC) is distributed in soils. This study directly measured SOC distributions within soil microaggregates and its associations with major soil elements from three soil groups (Phaeozem, Cambisol, and Ultisol), using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at a spatial resolution of 30 nm. Unlike previous studies, small intact soil microaggregates were examined directly in order to avoid preparatory procedures that might alter C speciation. We found that SOC exists as distinct particles (10s to 100s of nm) and as ubiquitous thin coatings on clay minerals and iron-oxides coatings. The distinct SOC particles have higher fractions of aromatic C than the coatings. NEXAFS spectra of the C coatings within individual microaggregates were relatively similar. In the Phaeozem soil, the pervasive spectral features were those of phenolic and carboxylic C, while in the Cambisol soil the most common spectral feature was the carboxyl peak. The Ultisol soil displayed a diffuse distribution of aromatic, phenolic, and carboxylic C peaks over all surfaces. In general, a wide range of C functional groups coexist within individual microaggregates. In this work we were able to, for the first time, directly quantify the major mineral elemental (Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Ti) compositions simultaneously with C distribution and speciation at the nm to mu m scale. These direct microscale measurements will help improve understanding on SOC-mineral associations in soil environments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wan, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-70-108, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwan@lbl.gov RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 33 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 83 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 22 BP 5439 EP 5449 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.030 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232WT UT WOS:000251052100011 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Mora, C Driese, SG AF Miller, Dana L. Mora, Claudia I. Driese, Steven G. TI Isotopic variability in large carbonate nodules in Vertisols: Implications for climate and ecosystem assessments SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE vertisols; stable isotopes; carbonate nodules; climate; ecosystem ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL CARBONATE; CENTRAL TEXAS; CLIMOSEQUENCE; VEGETATION; PALEOSOLS; USA AB Vertisols occurring in the Coastal Prairie of Texas preserve distinctive patterns of carbon isotopic values with depth for both soil organic matter as well as pedogenic carbonate. These isotopic values may be used to reconstruct past climate and ecosystems (C3 verstis C4 vegetation). Some soils contain large carbonate nodules (>2 cm diameter) that exhibit VC isotopic gradients of up to 2-3 parts per thousand across the nodule and have an internal structure that resembles concentric growth rings. These isotopic gradients are used to potentially track relative nodule movement in soil profiles. Some nodules possibly move within and even across microenvironments displaced by several centimeters. The isotopic gradients of the nodules may also track climate and ecosystem changes associated with relative changes in soil depth caused by soil movement. In order to make accurate climate and ecosystem interpretations, soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonate should be demonstrated to have formed in isotopic equilibrium at their respective soil depth. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millerdl@oml.gov; cmora@utk.edu; Steven_Driese@baylor.edu RI Mora, Claudia/B-5511-2017; OI Mora, Claudia/0000-0003-2042-0208; Labotka, Dana/0000-0001-6640-3505 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.08.007 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 228BN UT WOS:000250702100011 ER PT J AU de Lara-Castells, MP Prosmiti, R Lopez-Duran, D Delgado-Barrio, G Villarreal, P Gianturco, F Jellinek, J AF de Lara-Castells, M. P. Prosmiti, R. Lopez-Duran, D. Delgado-Barrio, G. Villarreal, P. Gianturco, Fa. Jellinek, J. TI Doped helium clusters analyzed through quantum chemistry methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Meeting on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE doped helium clusters; quantum chemistry methods; spectral simulations ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRA; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; PARA-HYDROGEN CLUSTERS; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MONTE-CARLO; HE; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; MOLECULES AB A quantum-chemistry-like methodology developed recently to study molecules solvated in atomic clusters is reviewed, and the results of its application to diatomic molecules immersed in helium clusters are presented and discussed. The methodology is based on treating the atoms of the solvent cluster as the "electrons" and the solvated molecule ("BC") as a structured "nucleus" of the combined solvent-solute system. The "electron"-"electron" and "electron" -"nucleus" interactions are represented by parametrized two-body and ab initio three-body potentials, respectively. The "intranuclear" (intramolecular) energy is mimicked by a parametrized pair potential energy function. The methodology furnishes the wave functions, and thereby it allows for computation of the infrared or Raman spectra of the solvated molecules. The computed spectra are then compared with the measured ones. In agreement with the experimental observations, the computed spectra of the solvated molecule show considerable differences depending on whether the solvent cluster is comprised of pure bosonic (He-4), pure fermionic (He-3), or both bosonic and fermionic helium atoms. The differences in the spectra are explained in terms of the differences in the spin-statistics of the solvent clusters. The bosonic vs fermionic nature of the solvent is also reflected in the selection rules. In the case of a polar molecule, the Q-branch of the spectrum is forbidden when the molecule is solvated in a bosonic cluster, and it becomes allowed when the solvent is a fermionic cluster. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 CSIC, Inst Matemat Fis Fundamental, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Rome, Dept Chem, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Div Chem, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Villarreal, P (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Matemat Fis Fundamental, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM p.villarreal@imaff.cfmac.csic.es RI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/C-5846-2014; Villarreal, Pablo/K-2397-2014 OI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/0000-0001-8697-5770; NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 107 IS 14 BP 2902 EP 2921 DI 10.1002/qua.21446 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 219VS UT WOS:000250116900033 ER PT J AU Martin, J Nolas, GS Wang, H Yang, J AF Martin, J. Nolas, G. S. Wang, H. Yang, J. TI Thermoelectric properties of silicon-germanium type I clathrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH FIGURE; GE; SR8GA16GE30; MERIT; GLASS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SKUTTERUDITES; BA8GA16SI30; SEARCH AB We report the synthesis and chemical, structural, and transport properties characterization of Ba(8)Ga(16)Si(x)Ge(30-x) type I clathrates with similar Ga-to-group IV element ratios but with increasing Si substitution (4 < x < 14). Substitution of 20 at. % Si within the Ga-Ge lattice framework of the type I clathrate Ba(8)Ga(16)Ge(30) results in thermoelectric performance enhancement. The unique dependences of carrier concentration, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and carrier effective mass on Si substitution level, and the lack of variation in the Ga-to-group IV element ratios may imply a modified band structure with Si substitution. These results indicate an additional method for tuning the electronic properties of Ba(8)Ga(16)Ge(30) for thermoelectric applications. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Mat & Proc Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Yang, Jihui/A-3109-2009; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 103719 DI 10.1063/1.2817400 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900049 ER PT J AU Moody, NA Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Montgomery, EJ O'Shea, PG AF Moody, Nathan A. Jensen, Kevin L. Feldman, Donald W. Montgomery, Eric J. O'Shea, Patrick G. TI Factors affecting performance of dispenser photocathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-BRIGHTNESS; SURFACE; DIFFUSION; OPERATION; TUNGSTEN; CATHODE; FILMS; PHOTOINJECTORS; DEPOSITION; INJECTORS AB Usable lifetime has long been a limitation of high efficiency photocathodes in high average current accelerator applications such as free electron lasers, where poor vacuum conditions and high incident laser power contribute to early degradation in electron beam emission. Recent progress has been made in adapting well known thermionic dispenser techniques to photocathodes, resulting in a dispenser photocathode whose photosensitive surface coating of cesium can be periodically replenished to extend effective lifetime. This article details the design and fabrication process of a prototype cesium dispenser photocathode and describes in detail the dominant factors affecting its performance: activation procedure, surface cleanliness, temperature, and substrate microstructure. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ESTD, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moody, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmoody@ieee.org RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 104901 DI 10.1063/1.2805653 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900099 ER PT J AU Rong, Z Gao, F Weber, WJ Hobler, G AF Rong, Zhouwen Gao, Fei Weber, William J. Hobler, Gerhard TI Monte Carlo simulations of defect recovery within a 10 keV collision cascade in 3C-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISORDER; SUBLATTICES; CERAMICS; SI AB A kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) model is developed to investigate the recovery and clustering of defects during annealing of a single 10 keV cascade in cubic silicon carbide. The 10 keV Si cascade is produced by molecular dynamics (MD), and a method of transferring the defects created by MD simulations to the KLMC model is developed. The KLMC model parameters are obtained from MD simulations and ab initio calculations of defect migration, recombination, and annihilation. The defects are annealed isothermally from 100 K to 1000 K in the KLMC model. Two distinct recovery stages for close Frenkel pairs are observed at about 200 and 550 K, and the growth of complex clusters is observed above 400 K. These simulation results are in good agreement with available experimental results. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Festkorperelekt, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,PO Box 99, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Hobler, Gerhard/0000-0002-2140-6101 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 103508 DI 10.1063/1.2812701 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900019 ER PT J AU Tan, X Wongmaneerung, R McCallum, RW AF Tan, X. Wongmaneerung, R. McCallum, R. W. TI Ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Pb(Fe(2/3)W(1/3))O(3)-based multiferroic compounds with cation order SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS AB BiFeO(3) and PbTiO(3) were introduced to a Sc-modified Pb(Fe(2/3)W(1/3))O(3) compound with strong cation order to improve the multiferroic properties. It is found that the degree of cation order decreases as the amount of BiFeO(3) or PbTiO(3) increases. As a result, the saturation magnetization deteriorates. Solid solutions with BiFeO(3) show an increase in both ferroelectric and magnetic transition temperatures. However, the ferroelectric remanent polarization is dramatically suppressed. In contrast, solid solution with PbTiO(3) leads to an increase in the ferroelectric transition temperature, a decrease in the magnetic transition temperature, and a significant enhancement of remanent polarization. The composition 0.93[0.79Pb(Fe(2/3)W(1/3))O(3)-0.21Pb(Sc(2/3)W(1/3))O(3)]-0.07PbTiO(3) shows the optimized properties of T(max) of 208 K, P(r) of 3.6 mu C/cm(2) between 120 and 210 K, T(N) of 209 K, and M(s) of 0.23 mu(B)/f.u. (3.7 emu/g) at 10 K under 5 T. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tan, X (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xtan@iastate.edu RI Tan, Xiaoli/C-3376-2013 OI Tan, Xiaoli/0000-0002-4182-663X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 104114 DI 10.1063/1.2818367 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900076 ER PT J AU Tanner, CM Toney, MF Lu, J Blom, HO Sawkar-Mathur, M Tafesse, MA Chang, JP AF Tanner, Carey M. Toney, Michael F. Lu, Jun Blom, Hans-Olof Sawkar-Mathur, Monica Tafesse, Melat A. Chang, Jane P. TI Engineering epitaxial gamma-Al(2)O(3) gate dielectric films on 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON-CARBIDE; POWER DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; RELIABILITY; DEPOSITION; INSULATOR AB The formation of epitaxial gamma-Al(2)O(3) thin films on 4H-SiC was found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness. An abrupt interface was observed in films up to 200 A thick with an epitaxial relationship of gamma-Al(2)O(3)(111)parallel to 4H-SiC(0001) and gamma-Al(2)O(3)(4 (4) over bar0)parallel to 4H-SiC(11 (2) over bar0). The in-plane alignment between the film and the substrate is nearly complete for gamma-Al(2)O(3) films up to 115 A thick, but quickly diminishes in thicker films. The films are found to be slightly strained laterally in tension; the strain increases with thickness and then decreases in films thicker than 200 A, indicating strain relaxation which is accompanied by increased misorientation. By controlling the structure of ultrathin Al(2)O(3) films, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with Al(2)O(3) gate dielectrics on 4H-SiC were found to have a very low leakage current density, suggesting suitability of Al(2)O(3) for SiC device integration. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Tanner, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Lu, Jun/K-3321-2015; OI Lu, Jun/0000-0003-2754-6962; Blom, Hans-Olof/0000-0002-4831-5939 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 10 AR 104112 DI 10.1063/1.2812609 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 236SY UT WOS:000251324900074 ER PT J AU Ma, Z Liang, CD Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Ma, Zhen Liang, Chengdu Overbury, Steven H. Dai, Sheng TI Gold nanoparticles on electroless-deposition-derived MnOx/C: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic CO oxidation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE gold catalysis; nanoparticles; CO oxidation; manganese oxide; carbon; electroless deposition; promoter ID LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; SUPPORTED AU CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; MANGANESE OXIDE; AU-TIO2 CATALYSTS; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; BINARY CATALYSTS; ACTIVATED CARBON AB Carbon materials were modified with MnOx via a novel self-limiting electroless deposition using KMnO4 as the precursor. Gold nanoparticles were loaded onto MnOx/C via deposition-precipitation. The resulting Au/MnOx/C showed higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation than Au/C, and the conversion was stable on stream. The performance of Au/MnOx/C was compared with that of Au/C, MnOx/C, MnOx/Au/C, Au/MnOx, and Au/MnOx/TiO2, and relevant characterization, applying XRD, BET, ICP-OES, SEM., TEM, and EDX, was conducted. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 252 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2007.08.013 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 235FB UT WOS:000251217800014 ER PT J AU Yang, F Camp, DG Gritsenko, MA Luo, Q Kelly, RT Clauss, TRW Brinkley, WR Smith, RD Stenoien, DL AF Yang, Feng Camp, David G., II Gritsenko, Marina A. Luo, Quanzhou Kelly, Ryan T. Clauss, Therese R. W. Brinkley, William R. Smith, Richard D. Stenoien, David L. TI Identification of a novel mitotic phosphorylation motif associated with protein localization to the mitotic apparatus SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphorylation; mitosis; proteomics; chromosomal passenger complex ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX/CYCLOSOME; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; AURORA-B; CHROMOSOMAL PASSENGERS; PHOSPHOPROTEOME ANALYSIS; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CELL-DIVISION AB The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a crucial regulator of chromosome, cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics during mitosis. Here, using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we identified phosphopeptides and phosphoprotein complexes recognized by a phosphorylation-specific antibody that labels the CPC. A mitotic phosphorylation motif {PX[G/T/S][L/M]S(P)P or WGLS(P)P} was identified by MS in 11 proteins, including FZR1 (Cdh1) and RIC8A - two proteins with potential links to the CPC. Phosphoprotein complexes contained the known CPC components INCENP, Aurora-B (Aurkb) and TD-60 (Rcc2, RCC1-like), as well as SMAD2, 14-3-3 proteins, PP2A and Cdk1 (Cdc2a), a probable kinase for this motif. Protein sequence analysis identified phosphorylation motifs in additional proteins, including SMAD2, PLK3 and INCENP. Mitotic SMAD2 and PLK3 phosphorylation was confirmed using phosphorylation-specific antibodies, and, in the case of Plk3, phosphorylation correlated with its localization to the mitotic apparatus and the midbody. A mutagenesis approach was used to show that INCENP phosphorylation is required for its localization to the midbody. These results provide evidence for a shared phosphorylation event that regulates localization of crucial proteins during mitosis. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Stenoien, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.stenoien@pnl.gov RI Luo, Quanzhou/B-4908-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 22 BP 4060 EP 4070 DI 10.1242/jcs.014795 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 234EY UT WOS:000251144700016 PM 17971412 ER PT J AU Ruedenberg, K Schmidt, MW AF Ruedenberg, Klaus Schmidt, Michael W. TI Why does electron sharing lead to covalent bonding? A variational analysis (vol 28, pg 291, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 US DOE, Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ruedenberg, K (reprint author), US DOE, Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 14 DI 10.1002/jcc.20762 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 214BA UT WOS:000249709800016 ER PT J AU Feldberg, SW AF Feldberg, Stephen W. TI A comment on Aoki's "Diffusion-controlled current with memory" SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE diffusion; random walk; Brownian motion; aoki; Einstein; paradox ID BROWNIAN-MOTION AB A recent paper by Aoki addressed the apparent paradox associated with certain diffusion equations whereby one might infer an impossibly large velocity for a diffusing particle. As explanation he invokes the concept of "second-sound or memory effect" previously discussed in the field of heat transfer. In the present paper I note that the paradox was initially identified and resolved by Einstein in his classical series of papers on Brownian motion. Given that the random-walk is the fundamental physical process underlying diffusive movement, a convenient model system is the classical one-dimensional random-walk problem of computing the probability that a particle will be at a specified distance (along the x-axis) from its initial position at a given time. With the added assumptions that the step-length is constant, and the frequency of movement is one per unit period of observation, the analytic solution (based on laws of probability and the binomial theorem) clearly shows that there is no paradox and that random-walk behavior converges to diffusive behavior after sufficient number of random-walk steps have been taken. Simulations of a modified one-dimensional random walk and of a quasi-three-dimensional random walk reveal a general scaling protocol which shows that the maximum relative deviation epsilon(rel,0) of the random walk from the diffusional model occurs at x = 0 (the particle's initial position) and is expressed as epsilon(rel.0.chi=0) = 1/(5 omega t) for the modified one-dimensional random walk and 1/(4 omega t) for the quasi-three-dimensional random walk (omega is the frequency of the random-walk steps and t is the time). Thus the diffusional model will describe the random walk with an accuracy of similar to 1% or better when omega t > similar to 25. In typical physical systems it is shown that this will likely be achieved on the order of a few picoseconds, a time scale that is likely to be too short for the inadequacies of the diffusion model to be of experimental consequence. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feldberg, SW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM feldberg@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 610 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.04.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 246NS UT WOS:000252014300014 ER PT J AU Frahm, N Kaufmann, DE Yusim, K Muldoon, M Kesmir, C Linde, CH Fischer, W Allen, TM Li, B McMahon, BH Faircloth, KL Hewitt, HS Mackey, EW Miura, T Khatri, A Wolinsky, S McMichael, A Funkhouser, RK Walker, BD Brander, C Korber, BT AF Frahm, Nicole Kaufmann, Daniel E. Yusim, Karina Muldoon, Mark Kesmir, Can Linde, Caitlyn H. Fischer, Will Allen, Todd M. Li, Bin McMahon, Ben H. Faircloth, Kellie L. Hewitt, Hannah S. Mackey, Elizabeth W. Miura, Toshiyuki Khatri, Ashok Wolinsky, Steven McMichael, Andrew Funkhouser, Robert K. Walker, Bruce D. Brander, Christian Korber, Bette T. TI Increased sequence diversity coverage improves detection of HIV-Specific T cell responses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNODOMINANT REGIONS; ENHANCED DETECTION; LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; TYPE-1 INFECTION; VACCINE DESIGN; VIRAL LOAD; SUBTYPE-C; SELECTION; TRANSMISSION AB The accurate identification of HIV-specific T cell responses is important for determining the relationship between immune response, viral control, and disease progression. HIV-specific immune responses are usually measured using peptide sets based on consensus sequences, which frequently miss responses to regions where test set and infecting virus differ. In this study, we report the design of a peptide test set with significantly increased coverage of HIV sequence diversity by including alternative amino acids at variable positions during the peptide synthesis step. In an IFN-gamma ELISpot assay, these "toggled" peptides detected HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses of significantly higher breadth and magnitude than matched consensus peptides. The observed increases were explained by a closer match of the toggled peptides to the autologous viral sequence. Toggled peptides therefore afford a cost-effective and significantly more complete view of the host immune response to HIV and are directly applicable to other variable pathogens. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester, Lancs, England. Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inter Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, MRC, Human Immunol Unit,Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Korber, BT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cbrander@partners.org; btk@lanl.gov RI Muldoon, Mark/C-7505-2009; Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; Fischer, Will/B-1323-2013; Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; Kesmir, Can/B-9410-2011; OI Fischer, Will/0000-0003-4579-4062; Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U137884177]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL092565]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30024, N01-AI-15442, R01-AI-054178, R01-AI-067077, R21-AI-055421, R56-AI-071726] NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 179 IS 10 BP 6638 EP 6650 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 229HA UT WOS:000250792700032 PM 17982054 ER PT J AU Carpenter, RD Andrei, M Lau, EY Lightstone, FC Liu, R Lam, KS Kurth, MJ AF Carpenter, Richard D. Andrei, Mirela Lau, Edmond Y. Lightstone, Felice C. Liu, Ruiwu Lam, Kit S. Kurth, Mark J. TI Highly potent, water soluble benzimidazole antagonist for activated alpha(4)beta(1) integrin SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIBRARY METHOD; CELLS; ALPHA-4-BETA-1; IDENTIFICATION; INFLAMMATION; FIBRONECTIN; DERIVATIVES AB The cell surface receptor alpha(4)beta(1), integrin, activated constitutively in lymphoma, can be targeted with the bisaryl urea peptidomimetic antagonist 1 (LLP2A). However, concerns on its preliminary pharmacokinetc (PK) profile provided an impetus to change the pharmacophore from a bisaryl urea to a 2-arylaminobenzimidazole moiety, resulting in improved solubility while maintaining picomolar potency [5 (KLCA4); IC50 = 305 pM]. With exceptional solubility, this finding has the potential for improving PK to help diagnose and treat lymphomas. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Univ Calif Davis Canc Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kurth, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kit.lam@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; mjkurth@ucdavis.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U19CA113298]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM076151] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 23 BP 5863 EP 5867 DI 10.1021/jm070790o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 229MY UT WOS:000250809300041 PM 17948981 ER PT J AU Iyoha, O Enick, R Killmeyer, R Morreale, B AF Iyoha, Osemwengie Enick, Robert Killmeyer, Richard Morreale, Bryan TI The influence of hydrogen sulfide-to-hydrogen partial pressure ratio on the sulfidization of Pd and 70 mol% Pd-Cu membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE palladium; palladium-copper; membrane reactor; water-gas shift; hydrogen sulfide; sulfidization ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; COPPER ALLOYS; PALLADIUM; SEGREGATION; PERMEATION; DIFFUSION AB The influence of H2S-to-H-2 partial pressure ratio on the sulfidization of Pd and 70 mol% Pd-Cu membrane alloys was studied using various H2S-containing gas mixtures. The Pd membranes exposed to various H2S mixtures were in very good agreement with the thermodynamic calculations used in this study, resisting sulfidization when exposed to H2S-to-H2 ratios below the equilibrium value predicted for Pd4S formation, and experiencing sulfidization when exposed to ratios above the equilibrium values. The 70 mol% Pd-Cu membranes, however, exhibited deviations from the predicted values, resisting sulfidization at some conditions close to the equilibrium values at which sulfidization was expected, and experiencing sulfidization at some conditions at which resistance was expected. This phenomenon was attributed to deviations of the Pd-Cu alloy from ideality, probably due to Cu segregation at the membrane surface. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Iyoha, O (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM uyi_iyoha@praxair.com NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.032 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 230QI UT WOS:000250890600010 ER PT J AU Habenschuss, A AF Habenschuss, A. TI Structure of an aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) LiI solution from X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE LiI/D2O/DPEO; molecular structure; X-ray diffraction; mixed solvent ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; ENVIRONMENT; HYDRATION; DYNAMICS; SAMPLES AB Wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to study the structure of lithium iodide in a mixed solvent of D2O and demerated poly(ethyleneoxide) (DPEO) at 25 degrees C. The local structure is extracted from the measured structure function, including C-C and C-O bond lengths, C-C-O and C-O-C geometry, and Li+...O, D2O...D2O, and I-...D2O correlations. The results are compared to a recent neutron scattering study on the same solution, with good agreement found with those results. Some of the findings such as the I-...D2O correlations are complementary to the neutron measurements. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Habenschuss, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM habenschussa@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2007.01.007 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229SW UT WOS:000250825600014 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Urquidi, J Holland, D Johnson, CE Appelyard, PG AF Johnson, J. A. Urquidi, J. Holland, D. Johnson, C. E. Appelyard, P. G. TI Strontium environment transition in tin silicate glasses by neutron and X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction/scattering; X-ray diffraction; silicates; medium-range order ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STANNOSILICATE GLASSES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FLOAT GLASS; BINARY; OXIDE AB The effect of Sr modifier atoms on the structure of stannosilicate glasses of composition (Sr0)(x)(SnO)(0.5-x)(SiP2)(0.5), with 0 <= x <= 0.15, has been studied using Mossbauer spectroscopy and neutron and X-ray diffraction. The tin is mostly in the Sn2+ state. The Sr-O bond length undergoes a step decrease from (2.640 +/- 0.005) angstrom to (2.585 +/- 0.005) angstrom as x increases from 0.10 to 0.15, indicating a decrease in coordination number from 8 to 7. A Sn-Sn distance of 3.507 +/- 0.005 angstrom is revealed by a first-order difference calculation from the x = 0 sample. This is too short to be consistent with significant edge sharing of [SnO3] trigonal pyramids. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Defence Acad, Dept Mat & Appl Sci, Oxford SN6 8EA, England. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 44-46 BP 4084 EP 4092 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.06.015 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 231TM UT WOS:000250971900011 ER PT J AU Fan, GJ Fu, LF Qiao, DC Choo, H Liaw, PK Browning, ND Loffler, JF AF Fan, G. J. Fu, L. F. Qiao, D. C. Choo, H. Liaw, P. K. Browning, N. D. Loeffler, J. F. TI Effect of microalloying on the glass-forming ability of Cu60Zr30Ti10 bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous metals, metallic glasses; crystallization; microstructure; thermal properties ID CU-ZR-TI; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; LIQUIDS; CAST; FE; TM; CO AB One atomic percent of Sn and Si each was added (replacing Zr) to the bulk-glass-forming Cu60Zr30Ti10 alloy. Sn improves the glass-forming ability (GFA) of the alloy, while Si triggers nanocrystalline phase formation in the glassy matrix, as resolved by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The observed variation does not originate from atomic size and/or heats of mixing effects. The results described here indicate, rather, that Sn improves GFA because it reduces the liquidus temperature and shifts the composition toward the off-eutectic reaction during melting. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH, Dept Mat, Lab Met Phys & Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Fan, GJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guojiang.fan@gmail.com RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 353 IS 44-46 BP 4218 EP 4222 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.057 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 231TM UT WOS:000250971900032 ER PT J AU Marin, TW Takahashi, K Jonah, CD Chemerisov, SD Bartels, DM AF Marin, Timothy W. Takahashi, Kenji Jonah, Charles D. Chemerisov, Sergey D. Bartels, David M. TI Recombination of the hydrated electron at high temperature and pressure in hydrogenated alkaline water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; CORRELATED ELECTRONS; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ACTIVATION-ENERGY AB Pulse radiolysis experiments were performed on hydrogenated, alkaline water at high temperatures and pressures to obtain rate constants for the reaction of hydrated electrons with hydrogen atoms (H-center dot + e(aq)(-)-> H-2 + OH-, reaction 1) and the bimolecular reaction of two hydrated electrons (e(aq)(-) + e(aq)(-)-> H-2 + 2 OH-, reaction 2). Values for the reaction 1 rate constant, k(1), were obtained from 100 - 325 degrees C, and those for the reaction 2 rate constant, k(2), were obtained from 100 - 250 degrees C, both in increments of 25 degrees C. Both k(1) and k(2) show non-Arrhenius behavior over the entire temperature range studied. k(1) shows a rapid increase with increasing temperature, where k(1) = 9.3 x 10(10) M-1 s(-1) at 100 degrees C and 1.2 x 10(12) M-1 s(-1) at 325 degrees C. This behavior is interpreted in terms of a long-range electron-transfer model, and we conclude that e(aq)(-), diffusion has a very high activation energy above 150 degrees C. The behavior of k(2) is similar to that previously reported, reaching a maximum value of 5.9 x 10(10) M-1 s(-1) at 150 degrees C in the presence of 1.5 x 10(-3) m hydroxide. At higher temperatures, the value of k(2) decreases rapidly and above 250 degrees C is too small to measure reliably. We suggest that reaction 2 is a two-step reaction, where the first step is a proton transfer stimulated by the proximity of two hydrated electrons, followed immediately by reaction 1. C1 Notre Dame Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208667, Japan. Benedictine Univ, Dept Chem, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Bartels, DM (reprint author), Notre Dame Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM bartels@hertz.rad.nd.edu RI Marin, Timothy/E-3446-2010; Takahashi, Kenji/C-8846-2011; Takahashi, Kenji/F-4885-2014 NR 62 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 11540 EP 11551 DI 10.1021/jp074581r PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229MZ UT WOS:000250809400019 PM 17929904 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Michael, JV AF Srinivasan, N. K. Su, M. -C. Michael, J. V. TI CH3+O-2 -> H2CO+OH revisited SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RATE CONSTANTS; REFLECTED SHOCK-TUBE; KINETICS; CH3+O-2 AB New reflected shock tube kinetics experiments have been performed on the reaction CH3 + O-2 -> H2CO + OH over the temperature range 1244-1502 K. This study was carried out using a White cell multipass (path length = 7 m) optical system observing OH-radical absorption at 308 rim. Within experimental error, the new results are in excellent agreement with an earlier study from this laboratory and have therefore been combined with the earlier data, yielding an updated Arrhenius description for the rate constant, k = (1.06 +/- 0.32) x 10(-12) exp(-6801 +/- 439K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1)s(-1). This result is compared to earlier determinations, evaluations, and theory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 11589 EP 11591 DI 10.1021/jp0757210 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229MZ UT WOS:000250809400025 PM 17944450 ER PT J AU Shir, DJ Jeon, S Liao, H Highland, M Cahill, DG Su, MF El-Kady, IF Christodoulou, CG Bogart, GR Hamza, AV Rogers, JA AF Shir, Daniel J. Jeon, Seokwoo Liao, Hongwei Highland, Matthew Cahill, David G. Su, Mehmet F. El-Kady, Ihab F. Christodoulou, Christos G. Bogart, Gregory R. Hamza, Alex V. Rogers, John A. TI Three-dimensional nanofabrication with elastomeric phase masks SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY; QUASI-CRYSTALS; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; COMPOSITE STAMPS; BANDGAP CRYSTALS; WAVE-GUIDE AB This Feature Article reviews recent work on an optical technique for fabricating, in a single exposure step, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures with diverse structural layouts. The approach, which we refer to as proximity field nanopatterning, uses conformable, elastomeric phase masks to pattern thick layers of transparent, photosensitive materials in a conformal contact mode geometry. Aspects of the optics, the materials, and the physical chemistry associated with this method are outlined. A range of 3D structures illustrate its capabilities, and several application examples demonstrate possible areas of use in technologies ranging from microfluidics to photonic materials to density gradient structures for chemical release and high-energy density science. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jrogers@uiuc.edu RI Liao, Hongwei/C-8652-2011; El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013; JEON, SEOKWOO/C-1701-2011; Cahill, David/B-3495-2014; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814; NR 109 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 12945 EP 12958 DI 10.1021/jp074093j PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 229NB UT WOS:000250809600002 PM 17941660 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JR Gjersing, EL Chinn, SC Jones, TV Wilson, TS Alviso, CT Herberg, JL Pearson, MA Maxwell, RS AF Giuliani, Jason R. Gjersing, Erica L. Chinn, Sarah C. Jones, Ticora V. Wilson, Thomas S. Alviso, Cynthia T. Herberg, Julie L. Pearson, Mark A. Maxwell, Robert S. TI Thermal degradation in a trimodal poly(dimethylsiloxane) network studied by H-1 multiple quantum NMR SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PDMS COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BASIC ACTIVE CENTERS; CROSS-LINK DENSITY; CHAIN DYNAMICS; OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; POLYMER NETWORKS; MOLECULAR ORDER; ELASTOMERS AB Thermal degradation of a filled, cross-linked siloxane material synthesized from poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains of three different average molecular weights and with two different cross-linking species has been studied by H-1 multiple quantum (MQ) NMR methods. Multiple domains of polymer chains were detected by MQ NMR exhibiting residual dipolar coupling () Values of 200 and 600 Hz, corresponding to chains with high average molecular weight between cross-links and chains with low average molecular weight between cross-links or near the multifunctional cross-linking sites. Characterization of the values and changes in distributions present in the material were studied as a function of time at 250 degrees C and indicate significant time-dependent degradation. For the domains with low , a broadening in the distribution was observed with aging time. For the domain with high , increases in both the mean and the width in were observed with increasing aging time. Isothermal thermal gravimetric analysis reveals a 3% decrease in weight over 20 h of aging at 250 degrees C. Degraded samples also were analyzed by traditional solid-state H-1 NMR techniques, and off-gassing products were identified by solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results, which will be discussed here, suggest that thermal degradation proceeds by complex competition between oxidative chain scissioning and postcuring cross-linking that both contribute to embrittlement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Maxwell, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Maxwe117@llni.gov RI Chinn, Sarah/E-1195-2011 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 12977 EP 12984 DI 10.1021/jp075840f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 229NB UT WOS:000250809600006 PM 17958412 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Venkatnathan, A Dupuis, M AF Devanathan, R. Venkatnathan, A. Dupuis, M. TI Atomistic simulation of nafion membrane. 2. Dynamics of water molecules and hydronium ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PROTON TRANSPORT; RESIDENCE TIMES; HYDRATED NAFION; PROTEINS; MOBILITY; MODEL AB We have performed a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of water molecules and hydronium ions in hydrated Nafion using classical molecular dynamics simulations with the DREIDING force field. In addition to calculating diffusion coefficients as a function of hydration level, we have also determined mean residence time of H2O molecules and H3O+ ions in the first solvation shell of SO3- groups. The diffusion coefficient of H2O molecules increases with increasing hydration level and is in good agreement with experiment. The mean residence time of H2O molecules decreases with increasing membrane hydration from 1 ns at a low hydration level to 75 ps at the highest hydration level studied. These dynamical changes are related to the changes in membrane nanostructure reported in the first part of this work. Our results provide insights into slow proton dynamics observed in neutron scattering experiments and are consistent with the Gebel model of Nafion structure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 31 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 13006 EP 13013 DI 10.1021/jp0761057 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 229NB UT WOS:000250809600010 PM 17949078 ER PT J AU Greathouse, JA Cygan, RT AF Greathouse, Jeffery A. Cygan, Randall T. TI Computational and spectroscopic studies of dichlorofluoroethane hydrate structure and stability SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STRUCTURE-II HYDROGEN; CLATHRATE-HYDRATE; AB-INITIO; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; METHANE HYDRATE; WATER; POTENTIALS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Clathrate hydrates consisting of HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) guest molecules within host water cages represent a promising new medium for water desalination. The HCFC used in this study, 1, 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R141b), forms a structure II hydrate phase at mild conditions (0 degrees C, 0 atm). We present a detailed molecular picture of the structure and dynamics of guest R141b molecules within water cages, obtained from ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and Raman spectroscopy. Such information will be needed to understand and control the nucleation and growth of these hydrates for industrial applications. Density functional theory calculations were used to provide an energetic and molecular orbital description of R141b stability in both large and small cages in a structure 11 hydrate. Additionally, the hydrate of an isomer, 1,2-dichloro-l-fluoroethane, does not form at ambient conditions due to extensive overlap of electron density between guest and host. Results for the isomer hydrate were supported by classical molecular dynamics simulations and synthesis attempts. Molecular dynamics simulations show that R141b hydrate is stable at temperatures up to 265 K, while the isomer hydrate is only stable up to 150 K. Despite hydrogen bonding between guest and host, R141b molecules rotate freely within the water cage. The Raman spectrum of R141b in both the pure and hydrate phases is also compared with vibrational analysis from both computational methods. In particular, the frequency of a carbon-halogen stretch mode (585 cm(-1)) undergoes a shift to higher frequency in the hydrate phase. Raman spectra also indicate that this peak undergoes splitting and intensity variation as the temperature is decreased from +4 to -4 degrees C. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Greathouse, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jagreat@sandia.gov OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16787 EP 16795 DI 10.1021/jp072968o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100013 ER PT J AU Whitney, AV Elam, JW Stair, PC Van Duyne, RP AF Whitney, Alyson V. Elam, Jeffrey W. Stair, Peter C. Van Duyne, Richard P. TI Toward a thermally robust operando surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy substrate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM GROWTH; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLES AB The work presented here describes the first steps toward designing a thermally robust surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate with the potential to conduct in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions. Nanosphere lithography (NSL) fabricated SERS substrates were coated with thin (0.2-1.0 nm) films of atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3. The thermal stability of these substrates was examined at various temperatures (100-500 degrees C) and over time (up to 6 h) in nitrogen. The results showed that ALD Al2O3 coated nanoparticles maintained their original geometry significantly better than the bare Ag nanoparticles. While experiments showed that thicker ALD Al2O3 coatings resulted in the most stable nanoparticle structure, ALD Al2O3 coatings as thin as 0.2 nm resulted in thermally robust nanostructures as well. Additionally, the ALD Al2O3 coated nanoparticles were heated under propane to mimic reaction conditions. These experiments showed that while the nanoparticle geometries were not as stable under reducing atmosphere conditions, they were much more stable than uncoated nanoparticles and therefore have the potential to be used for SERS monitoring of reactions conducted at elevated temperatures. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Duyne, RP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM vanduyne@chem.northwestern.edu NR 19 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16827 EP 16832 DI 10.1021/jp04462b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100018 ER PT J AU Inukai, JJ Cao, DX Wieckowski, A Chang, KC Menzel, A Komanicky, V You, H AF Inukai, Junji Cao, Dianxue Wieckowski, Andrzej Chang, Kee-Chul Menzel, Andreas Komanicky, Vladimir You, Hoydoo TI In situ synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopy of ruthenium nanoparticles modified with selenium for an oxygen reduction reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-CENTERS; RU; ELECTROCATALYSTS; IFEFFIT; EXAFS AB We used in situ Se K-edge X-ray spectroscopy to characterize Ru. nanoparticles chemically modified with submonolayers of selenium (Se/Ru) [Cao et al. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2006, 153, A869]. X-ray powder diffraction verified that the Se/Ru catalyst had metallic Ru cores. The in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure taken at the open circuit potential showed that there were both elemental and oxidized selenium on the as-prepared Se/Ru samples. All selenium oxide was reduced to the elemental form of selenium by applying negative potentials. By applying positive potentials, selenium was subsequently reoxidized. The analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure shows the appearance of selenium hydration (Se-OH2) in a deaerated solution, which was not observed during the oxygen reduction reaction. We present evidence that Se-free Ru atoms play an important role in the ORR activity of the Se/Ru catalyst studied in this paper. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Yamanashi, Clean Energy Res Ctr, Yamanashi 4000032, Japan. RP You, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 1209 W Calif St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; Chang, Kee-Chul/O-9938-2014; Inukai, Junji/O-6304-2015; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; Chang, Kee-Chul/0000-0003-1775-2148; Inukai, Junji/0000-0002-7819-842X; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16889 EP 16894 DI 10.1021/jp0725811 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100028 ER PT J AU Goguet, A Burch, R Chen, Y Hardacre, C Hu, P Joyner, RW Meunier, FC Mun, BS Thompsett, A Tibiletti, D AF Goguet, A. Burch, R. Chen, Y. Hardacre, C. Hu, P. Joyner, R. W. Meunier, F. C. Mun, B. S. Thompsett, A. Tibiletti, D. TI Deactivation mechanism of a Au/CeZrO4 catalyst during a low-temperature water gas shift reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CO OXIDATION; IN-SITU; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PT/CEO2 CATALYST; CERIA; AU; STABILITY; AU/CEO2; DRIFTS; STATE AB On-stream deactivation during a water gas shift (WGS) reaction over gold supported on a ceria-zirconia catalyst was examined. Although the fresh catalyst has very high low temperature (< 200 degrees C) for WGS activity, a significant loss of CO conversion is found under steady-state operations over hours. This has been shown to be directly related to the concentration of water in the gas phase. The same catalyst also undergoes thermal deactivation above 250 degrees C, and using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, a common deactivation mechanism is proposed. In both cases, the gold nanoparticles, which are found under reaction conditions, are thought to detach from the oxide support either through hydrolysis, < 200 degrees C, or thermally, > 200 degrees C. This process reduces the metal-support interaction, which is considered to be critical in determining the high activity of the catalyst. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, CenTACat Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johnson Matthey Technol Ctr, Reading RG4 9NH, Berks, England. RP Hardacre, C (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, CenTACat Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM c.hardacre@qub.ac.uk RI Chen, ying/A-2280-2010; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Hu, Peijun/K-5115-2014; Meunier, Frederic/P-6977-2015; OI Meunier, Frederic/0000-0001-7953-2883; Hardacre, Christopher/0000-0001-7256-6765 NR 38 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 8 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16927 EP 16933 DI 10.1021/jp0743976 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100033 ER PT J AU Vines, F Sousa, C Illas, F Liu, P Rodriguez, JA AF Vines, F. Sousa, C. Illas, F. Liu, P. Rodriguez, J. A. TI A systematic density functional study of molecular oxygen adsorption and dissociation on the (001) surface of group IV-VI transition metal carbides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAS-SHIFT REACTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; ADSORBED TIC(111); TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; TITANIUM-CARBIDE AB A systematic density functional study of the adsorption and dissociation Of O-2 on the (001) surface of several transition metal carbides (TCMs; TM = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo) is presented. It is found that O-2 may adsorb molecularly on two different sites with similar adsorption energy. At these sites, either O-2 bridges two surface metal (M) atoms or it is placed directly on top of a M surface atom. A case apart is delta-MoC, where O-2 adsorption on top of surface Mo atoms is far up in energy with respect to bridging two surface Mo atoms. The relative stability of O-2 on these TMCs is dominated by the electron back-donation between the surface and O-2 and the stabilization of the resulting partially charged molecule by the surface metal sites. Three reaction paths leading to O-2 dissociation have been considered. The first reaction pathway starts from M-M bridge molecular adsorption and lead to O atoms on top of surface M atoms (TSM) and the second one (TSC) starts from on top molecular adsorption and lead to final states where O atoms are adsorbed on 3-fold hollow sites neighboring two M and one C surface atoms, while the third pathway (TSBC) starts from O on the M-M bridge and leads to TSC products. For each reaction path, transition state structures have been located and the corresponding energy barriers obtained. At low temperatures, O-2 dissociation on group IV TMCs can only occur via the TSBC pathway whereas at high temperatures it may also take place starting through TSc. For the rest of the carbides, only TSC and TSM paths are possible. The calculated transition state theory rate constants reveal that TMCs of groups IV and V are easy to oxidize whereas this is especially difficult for delta-MoC. The rate constant trends follow the calculated energy barriers and explain the oxygen preference for carbon on group TV TMCs and delta-MoC, as well as the preference for metal atoms on group V TMCs. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Inst Quim Teor & Comp IQTCUB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vines, F (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RI Sousa, Carmen/F-4105-2011; Illas, Francesc /C-8578-2011; OI Sousa, Carmen/0000-0002-1915-1111; Illas, Francesc /0000-0003-2104-6123; Vines, Francesc/0000-0001-9987-8654 NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 16982 EP 16989 DI 10.1021/jp0754987 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100040 ER PT J AU Boily, JF Szanyi, J Felmy, AR AF Boily, Jean-Francois Szanyi, Janos Felmy, Andrew R. TI Effects of surface coordination on the temperature-programmed Desorption of oxalate from goethite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; OXALIC-ACID; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ISOTHERMAL DECOMPOSITION; ALPHA-FEOOH; ATR-FTIR; MINERAL/WATER INTERFACES; CARBONATE ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATED GOETHITE AB The temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of electrostatically, hydrogen-, and metal-bonded oxalate complexes at the goethite surface was investigated with concerted Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements (TPD-FTIR) to 660 K and mass spectrometer analyses of the evolved gases to 900 K. These reactions took place with the concomitant dehydroxylation reaction of goethite to hematite and decarbonation of bulk-occluded carbonate.. The measurements revealed three important stages of desorption. Stage 1 (300-440 K) corresponds to the desorption of electrostatically and/or unbound oxalate molecules in the goethite powder with a thermal decomposition reaction pathway characteristic of oxalic acid. Stage II (440-520 K) corresponds to the desorption of hydrogen-bonded surface complexes due to the loss of surface hydroxyls at 3660 and 3550 cm(-1), leading to a partial desorption via oxalic acid thermal decomposition pathways and to a partial conversion to metal-bonded surface complexes. Finally, Stage III (520-660 K) corresponds to the thermal decomposition of the metal-bonded oxalate complex, proceeding through a two-electron reduction pathway. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boily, JF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boily@pnl.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 45 BP 17072 EP 17081 DI 10.1021/jp075576q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 229WE UT WOS:000250836100053 ER PT J AU Marcinek, A Hardwick, LJ Richardson, TJ Song, X Kostecki, R AF Marcinek, A. Hardwick, L. J. Richardson, T. J. Song, X. Kostecki, R. TI Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-structured Sn/C composite thin-film anodes for Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sn/C; lithium batteries; anode; plasma; microwave ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; NATURAL GRAPHITE; HIGH-CAPACITY; TIN; CARBON; CELLS; OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES AB A novel synthesis method of thin-film composite Sn/C anodes for lithium batteries is reported. Thin layers of graphitic carbon decorated with uniformly distributed Sn nanoparticles were synthesized from a solid organic precursor Sn(IV) tert-butoxide by a one-step microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The thin-film Sn/C electrodes were electrochemically tested in lithium half cells and produced a reversible capacity of 423 and 297 mAh g(-1) at C/25 and 5C discharge rates, respectively. A long-term cycling of the Sn/C nanocomposite anodes showed 40% capacity loss after 500 cycles at 1 C rate. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 68 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 965 EP 971 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.084 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 231FQ UT WOS:000250932300045 ER PT J AU Christophersen, JP Hunt, GL Ho, CD Howell, D AF Christophersen, Jon P. Hunt, Gary L. Ho, Chinh D. Howell, David TI Pulse resistance effects due to charging or discharging of high-power lithium-ion cells: A path dependence study SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium-ion; voltage hysteresis; path dependence; pulse power; life estimates ID DEGRADATION; HYSTERESIS; BATTERIES; INSERTION AB Battery life estimations and state-of-health projections for commercial applications such as hybrid electric vehicles are highly dependent on accurate resistance monitoring. This study examined discharge/charge hysteresis (path dependency) effects on measuring resistance using two different lithium-ion cell chemistries. Cells were either discharged or charged to a target voltage, followed by a rest at open-circuit for electrochemical and thermal equilibration, immediately prior to a resistance measurement using a high-current pulse profile. Results show that a voltage hysteresis effect has an impact on cell resistance measurements, depending on the direction a target voltage is reached. Specifically, charging to a target condition yields different and less consistent resistance measurements compared to discharging to that same condition. Further, using slower rates to approach the target condition has a small impact on resistance on the discharge curve but does give a noticeable improvement on the charge curve. Unfortunately, slow charging and discharging are generally not practical for hybrid electric vehicle applications due to the rapidly changing power demands of the driver. Consequently, these results indicate that life estimates should be primarily based on resistances determined from pulses on the discharge curve. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Christophersen, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jon.christophersen@inl.gov NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 173 IS 2 BP 998 EP 1005 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.025 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 231FQ UT WOS:000250932300050 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Tian, HB AF Totemeier, Terry C. Tian, Hongbo TI Creep-fatigue-environment interactions in INCONEL 617 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT McEvily Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture of Traditional and Advanced Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS DE nickel alloy; inconel 617; low-cycle fatigue; creep-fatigue; environmental interaction ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS; HELIUM; CORROSION AB Creep-fatigue testing of alloy 617 was performed in air, vacuum, and purified Ar environments at 1000 degrees C. Tests were performed in axial strain control at total strain ranges of 0.3% and 1.0% (fully reversed) with hold times at maximum tensile strain ranging from 0 to 1800 s. Introduction of a tensile hold period led to reduced creep-fatigue life at both strain ranges in all environments; the effect was greater at 0.3% than 1.0%. The hold time effect clearly saturated for tests at 1.0% strain range; the behavior at 0.3% was not clear. Decarburization occurred in specimens tested in vacuum and purified Ar, but not in air. Although fatigue lives were longer in the inert environments than in air for most test conditions, quantitative assessment of the differences was not possible because cracking frequently did not occur before test termination due to load drop for tests in inert environment. Cavitation damage was observed for tests with tensile hold periods in all environments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM terry.totemeier@inl.gov NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 468 SI SI BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.170 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 222EJ UT WOS:000250278600013 ER PT J AU Liu, FX Liaw, PK Jiang, WH Chiang, CL Gao, YF Guan, YF Chu, JP Rack, PD AF Liu, F. X. Liaw, P. K. Jiang, W. H. Chiang, C. L. Gao, Y. F. Guan, Y. F. Chu, J. P. Rack, P. D. TI Fatigue-resistance enhancements by glass-forming metallic films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT McEvily Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture of Traditional and Advanced Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS DE glass-forming metallic films; fatigue resistance; surface roughness; adhesion; ductility ID THIN-FILM; CRACK PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; COATINGS; FABRICATION; FRACTURE; PLATES; SCALE AB Zr-basedglass-forming metallic films were deposited on a 316 L stainless steel and a Ni-based alloy by magnetron sputtering. Four-point-bending fatigue tests were conducted on those coated materials. Results showed that the fatigue life and fatigue-endurance limit of the materials could be considerably improved, and the enhancements varied with the maximum applied stresses and the substrates. The reduction of the surface roughness after film deposition, good adhesion between the film and the substrate, and the high hardness, strength, and good ductility of the glass-forming metallic film, are the major factors for the fatigue-resistance enhancements. A micromechanical model is developed to illustrate the mechanisms of fatigue-resistance enhancements through the interaction between the amorphous film and the substrate slip bands. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Res, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, FX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fliu5@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 468 SI SI BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.099 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 222EJ UT WOS:000250278600034 ER PT J AU Brown, EN Rae, PJ Liu, C AF Brown, Eric N. Rae, Philip J. Liu, Cheng TI Mixed-mode-I/II fracture of polytetrafluoroethylene SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT McEvily Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture of Traditional and Advanced Materials CY MAR 12-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS DE polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fracture; crystallinity; phase transformation ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CRACK; PTFE; INITIATION; CRITERION; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENT AB The current work deals with mixed-mode-I/II fracture in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Mode-I fracture in PTFE 7C has previously been shown to exhibit strong phase dependence with a brittle-to-ductile transition associated with the room temperature phase transitions. Increases in fracture toughness around room temperature and above result from the onset of stable fibril formation bridging the crack plane and increased plastic energy dissipation. Mixed-mode-I/II loading conditions are achieved using a modified compact tension specimen with Arcan type fixtures. The fracture toughness delta(VC) of PTFE X exhibits a 42% decrease from pure mode-I to near mode-II loading due to a marked decrease in fibril formation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,MS E544, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 468 SI SI BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.125 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 222EJ UT WOS:000250278600035 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SGF Choi, HJ Rosenbaum, DM Kobilka, TS Thian, FS Edwards, PC Burghammer, M Ratnala, VRP Sanishvili, R Fischetti, RF Schertler, GFX Weis, WI Kobilka, BK AF Rasmussen, Soren G. F. Choi, Hee-Jung Rosenbaum, Daniel M. Kobilka, Tong Sun Thian, Foon Sun Edwards, Patricia C. Burghammer, Manfred Ratnala, Venkata R. P. Sanishvili, Ruslan Fischetti, Robert F. Schertler, Gebhard F. X. Weis, William I. Kobilka, Brian K. TI Crystal structure of the human beta(2) adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; AGONIST ACTIVATION; BOVINE RHODOPSIN; LIGAND-BINDING; DOMAIN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; INTERMEDIATE AB Structural analysis of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for hormones and neurotransmitters has been hindered by their low natural abundance, inherent structural flexibility, and instability in detergent solutions. Here we report a structure of the human beta 2 adrenoceptor (beta(2)AR), which was crystallized in a lipid environment when bound to an inverse agonist and in complex with a Fab that binds to the third intracellular loop. Diffraction data were obtained by high-brilliance microcrystallography and the structure determined at 3.4 angstrom / 3.7 angstrom resolution. The cytoplasmic ends of the beta(2)AR transmembrane segments and the connecting loops are well resolved, whereas the extracellular regions of the beta(2)AR are not seen. The beta(2)AR structure differs from rhodopsin in having weaker interactions between the cytoplasmic ends of transmembrane (TM) 3 and TM6, involving the conserved E/DRY sequences. These differences may be responsible for the relatively high basal activity and structural instability of the beta(2)AR, and contribute to the challenges in obtaining diffraction-quality crystals of non-rhodopsin GPCRs. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GM CA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kobilka, BK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, 279 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kobilka@stanford.edu RI Weis, William/G-1437-2011; Schertler, Gebhard/M-9512-2014; OI Weis, William/0000-0002-5583-6150; Rasmussen, Soren/0000-0002-1853-1841 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105178937] NR 46 TC 1236 Z9 1265 U1 21 U2 195 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7168 BP 383 EP U4 DI 10.1038/nature06325 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231AM UT WOS:000250918600046 PM 17952055 ER PT J AU Woosley, SE Blinnikov, S Heger, A AF Woosley, S. E. Blinnikov, S. Heger, Alexander TI Pulsational pair instability as an explanation for the most luminous supernovae SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; MASSIVE STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; POPULATION-III; EVOLUTION; METALLICITY; EXPLOSIONS; SN-2006GY; RATES; WINDS AB The extremely luminous supernova SN 2006gy (ref. 1) challenges the traditional view that the collapse of a stellar core is the only mechanism by which a massive star makes a supernova, because it seems too luminous by more than a factor of ten. Here we report that the brightest supernovae in the modern Universe arise from collisions between shells of matter ejected by massive stars that undergo an interior instability arising from the production of electron - positron pairs(2). This `pair instability' leads to explosive burning that is insufficient to unbind the star, but ejects many solar masses of the envelope. After the first explosion, the remaining core contracts and searches for a stable burning state. When the next explosion occurs, several solar masses of material are again ejected, which collide with the earlier ejecta. This collision can radiate 10(50) erg of light, about a factor of ten more than an ordinary supernova. Our model is in good agreement with the observed light curve for SN 2006gy and also shows that some massive stars can produce more than one supernova-like outburst. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Woosley, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM woosley@ucolick.org NR 31 TC 213 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7168 BP 390 EP 392 DI 10.1038/nature06333 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 231AM UT WOS:000250918600048 PM 18004378 ER PT J AU Marquet, C AF Marquet, Cyrille TI Forward inclusive dijet production and azimuthal correlations in pA collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SMALL-X; QUARK; QCD; SATURATION AB We derive forward inclusive dijet production in the scattering of a dilute hadron off an arbitrary dense target, whose partons with small fraction of momentum x are described by a color glass condensate. Both multiple scattering and non-linear QCD evolution at small-x are included. This is of relevance for measurements of two-particle correlations in the proton direction of proton-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. The azimuthal angle distribution is peaked back to back and broadens as the momenta of the measured particles gets closer to the saturation scale. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marquet, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM marquet@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 73 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 796 BP 41 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.09.001 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236MA UT WOS:000251305900003 ER PT J AU McLerran, L Pisarski, RD AF McLerran, Larry Pisarski, Robert D. TI Phases of dense quarks at large N-c SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GAUGE VECTOR-MESONS; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; GROUND-STATE ENERGY; YANG-MILLS THEORY; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; SKYRME MODEL; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CONFINING THEORIES; QCD AB In the limit of a large number of colors, N-c, we suggest that gauge theories can exhibit several distinct phases at nonzero temperature and quark density. Two are familiar: a cold, dilute phase of confined hadrons, where the pressure is similar to 1, and a hot phase of deconfined quarks and gluons, with pressure similar to N-c(2). When the quark chemical potential mu similar to 1, the deconfining transition temperature, T-d, is independent of mu. For T < T-d, as mu increases above the mass threshold, baryons quickly form a dense phase where the pressure is similar to N-c. As illustrated by a Skyrme crystal, chiral symmetry can be both spontaneously broken, and then restored, in the dense phase. While the pressure is similar to N-c, like that of (non-ideal) quarks, the dense phase is still confined, with interactions near the Fermi surface those of baryons, and not of quarks. Thus in the chirally symmetric region, baryons near the Fermi surface are parity doubled. We suggest possible implications for the phase diagram of QCD. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pisarski@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 188 TC 355 Z9 361 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 796 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.08.013 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 236MA UT WOS:000251305900005 ER PT J AU Engholm, M Norin, L Aberg, D AF Engholm, M. Norin, L. Aberg, D. TI Strong UV absorption and visible luminescence in ytterbium-doped aluminosilicate glass under UV excitation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; INORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CRYSTALS; FIBER AB A broad visible luminescence band and characteristic IR luminescence of Yb3+ ions are observed under UV excitation in ytterbium-doped aluminosilicate glass. Samples made under both oxidizing and reducing conditions are analyzed. A strong charge-transfer absorption band in the UV range is observed for glass samples containing ytterbium. Additional absorption bands are observed for the sample made under reducing conditions, which are associated with f - d transitions of divalent ytterbium. The visible luminescence band is attributed to 5d - 4f emission from Yb2+ ions, and the IR luminescence is concluded to originate from a relaxed charge-transfer transition. The findings are important to explain induced optical losses (photodarkening) in high-power fiber lasers. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Engholm, M.] Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Informat Technol & Media, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. Acreo FiberLab, SE-82412 Hudiksvall, Sweden. [Aberg, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Engholm, M (reprint author), Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Informat Technol & Media, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. EM magnus.engholm@acreo.se OI Aberg, Daniel/0000-0003-4364-9419 NR 15 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 22 BP 3352 EP 3354 DI 10.1364/OL.32.003352 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 242SZ UT WOS:000251747600044 PM 18026305 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Qiu, JW Rodriguez-Pedraza, RA AF Berger, Edmond L. Qiu, Jian-Wei Rodriguez-Pedraza, Ricardo A. TI Angular distribution of leptons from the decay of massive vector bosons SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; DILEPTONS AB We examine the transverse momentum Q(perpendicular to) dependence of the helicity structure functions for massive vector bosons of mass Q in hadron reactions. We demonstrate that large logarithmic terms of the form ln(Q/Q(perpendicular to)) in the helicity structure functions have the same origin as the logarithmic terms in the angular-integrated cross section. and that they can be resummed to all orders in the strong coupling alpha(s), in the same way as the angular-integrated cross section. As a consequence of current conservation, the resummed part of the helicity structure functions preserves the Lam-Tung relation as a function of Q(perpendicular to) to all orders in alpha(s). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM berger@anl.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.008 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 236GZ UT WOS:000251292300012 ER PT J AU Tyagi, R Kurnaran, D Burley, SK Swaminathan, S AF Tyagi, Rajiv Kurnaran, Desigan Burley, Stephen K. Swaminathan, Subramanyam TI X-ray structure of imidazolonepropionase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens at 1.87 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE amidohydrolase; TIM barrel; histidine degradation; hinge motion; open conformation ID PROTEIN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ALIGNMENT; PROGRAM C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SGX Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074945] NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1002/prot.21559 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 223MF UT WOS:000250373900017 PM 17640072 ER PT J AU Rezacova, P Krejcirikova, V Borek, D Moy, SF Joachimiak, A Otwinowski, Z AF Rezacova, Pavlina Krejcirikova, Veronika Borek, Dominika Moy, Shiu F. Joachimiak, Andrzej Otwinowski, Zbyszek TI The crystal structure of the effector-binding domain of the trehalose repressor TreR from Bacillus subtilis 168 reveals a unique quarternary assembly SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE effector binding domain; transcriptional regulator; TreR; GntR family gene regulation ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT; MODEL; REFINEMENT; EXPRESSION; VECTOR; FAMILY C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Otwinowski, Z (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM zbyszek@work.swmed.edu RI Otwinowski, Zbyszek/F-3665-2011; Borek, Dominika/D-2943-2011; Maloy Rezacova, Pavlina/G-3600-2014 OI Borek, Dominika/0000-0002-4321-6253; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074942, U54 GM074942, U54 GM074942-04S2] NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1002/prot.21516 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 223MF UT WOS:000250373900021 PM 17705272 ER PT J AU Yang, L Donahoe, RJ Redwine, JC AF Yang, Li Donahoe, Rona J. Redwine, James C. TI In situ chemical fixation of arsenic-contaminated soils: An experimental study SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE in situ chemical fixation (ISCF); arsenic; sequential leaching; TCLP; SPLP; sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP) ID REMOVAL; REMEDIATION; FERRIHYDRITE; COAGULATION; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY; GOETHITE; SORPTION AB This paper reports the results of an experimental study testing a low-cost in situ chemical fixation method designed to reclaim arsenic-contaminated subsurface soils. Subsurface soils from several industrial sites in southeastern U.S. were contaminated with arsenic through heavy application of herbicide containing arsenic trioxide. The mean concentrations of environmentally available arsenic in soils collected from the two study sites, FW and BH, are 325 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg, respectively. The soils are sandy loams with varying mineralogical and organic contents. The previous study [Yang L, Donahoe RJ. The form, distribution and mobility of arsenic in soils contaminated by arsenic trioxide, at sites in Southeast USA. Appl Geochem 2007-122:320-341] indicated that a large portion of the arsenic in both soils is associated with amorphous aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides and shows very slow release against leaching by synthetic precipitation. The soil's amorphous aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides content was found to have the most significant effect on its ability to retain arsenic. Based on this observation, contaminated soils were reacted with different treatment solutions in an effort to promote the formation of insoluble arsenic-bearing phases and thereby decrease the leachability of arsenic. Ferrous sulfate, potassium permanganate and calcium carbonate were used as the reagents for the chemical fixation solutions evaluated in three sets of batch experiments: (1) FeSO4; (2) FeSO4 and KMnO4 (3) FeSO4, KMnO4 and CaCO3. The optimum treatment solutions for each soil were identified based on the mobility of arsenic curing sequential leaching of treated and untreated soils using the fluids described in EPA Method 1311 [USEPA. Method 1311: toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992] toxic characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and EPA Method 1312 [USEPA. Method 1312: synthetic precipitation leaching procedure. Test methods for evaluating solid waste, physical/chemical methods. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994] synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). Both FW and BH soils showed significant decreases in arsenic leachability for all three treatment solutions, compared to untreated soil. While soils treated with solution (3) showed the best results with subsequent TCLP sequential leaching, SPLP sequential leaching of treated soils indicated that lowest arsenic mobility was obtained using treatment solution (1). Treatment solution (1) with only FeSO4 is considered the best choice for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil because SPLP sequential leaching better simulates natural weathering. Analysis of treated soils produced no evidence of newly-formed arsenic-bearing phases in either soil after treatment. Sequential chemical extractions of treated soils indicate that surface complexation of arsenic on ferric hydroxide is the major mechanism for the fixation process. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. So Co Serv Inc, Birmingham, AL 35242 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LYang@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 387 IS 1-3 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.024 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224BL UT WOS:000250420200003 PM 17673278 ER PT J AU Shukla, AK AF Shukla, Anil K. TI Fragmentation dynamics of CS22+ on collision with a self-assembled monolayer surface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POLYATOMIC IONS; ENERGY AB Surface-induced dissociation of doubly charged CS22+ ions colliding with a self-assembled monolayer surface of fluorinated alkyl thiol on Au(111) crystal has been studied using a beam scattering instrument. Two energetically distinct processes, corresponding to Coulomb explosion and charge transfer induced dissociation have been observed and the latter process dominates the dissociation process. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anil.shukla@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 4-6 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.09.083 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 237WY UT WOS:000251408300002 ER PT J AU Fang, L Park, JY Cui, Y Alivisatos, P Shcrier, J Lee, B Wang, LW Salmeron, M AF Fang, Liang Park, Jeong Young Cui, Yi Alivisatos, Paul Shcrier, Joshua Lee, Byounghak Wang, Lin-Wang Salmeron, Miquel TI Mechanical and electrical properties of CdTe tetrapods studied by atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; FRICTION AB The mechanical and electrical properties of CdTe tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals have been studied with atomic force microscopy. Tapping mode images of tetrapods deposited on silicon wafers revealed that they contact the surface with three of its arms. The length of these arms was found to be 130 +/- 10 nm. A large fraction of the tetrapods had a shortened vertical arm as a result of fracture during sample preparation. Fracture also occurs when the applied load is a few nanonewtons. Compression experiments with the atomic force microscope tip indicate that tetrapods with the shortened vertical arm deform elastically when the applied force was less than 50 nN. Above 90 nN additional fracture events occurred that further shortened the vertical arm. Loads above 130 nN produced irreversible damage to the other arms as well. Current-voltage characteristics of tetrapods deposited on gold revealed a semiconducting behavior with a current gap of similar to 2 eV at low loads (< 50 nN) and a narrowing to about 1 eV at loads between 60 and 110 nN. Atomistic force field calculations of the deformation suggest that the ends of the tetrapod arms are stuck during compression so that the deformations are due to bending modes. Empirical pseudopotential calculation of the electron states indicates that the reduction of the current gap is due to electrostatic effects, rather than strain deformation effects inside the tetrapod. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Schrier, Joshua/B-6838-2009; Cui, Yi/L-5804-2013; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Cui, Yi/0000-0002-6103-6352; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 18 AR 184704 DI 10.1063/1.2786993 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231XX UT WOS:000250983600032 PM 18020655 ER PT J AU Strasser, D Goulay, F Leone, SR AF Strasser, Daniel Goulay, Fabien Leone, Stephen R. TI Transient photoelectron spectroscopy of the dissociative Br-2((IIu)-I-1) state SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; BR-2; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB Photodissociation of bromine on the Br-2((1)Pi(u)) state is probed with ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (53.7 nm) single-photon ionization. Time-resolved photoelectron spectra show simultaneously the depletion of ground state bromine molecules as well as the rise of Br(P-2(3/2)) products due to 402.5 nm photolysis. A partial photoionization cross-section ratio of atomic versus molecular bromine is obtained. Transient photoelectron spectra of a dissociative wave packet on the excited state are presented in the limit of low-power-density, single-photon excitation to the dissociative state. Transient binding energy shifts of "atomic-like" photoelectron peaks are observed and interpreted as photoionization of nearly separated Br atom pairs on the Br-2((1)Pi(u)) state to repulsive dissociative ionization states. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 18 AR 184305 DI 10.1063/1.2803923 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231XX UT WOS:000250983600014 PM 18020637 ER PT J AU Zubkov, T Smith, RS Engstrom, TR Kay, BD AF Zubkov, Tykhon Smith, R. Scott Engstrom, Todd R. Kay, Bruce D. TI Adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of nitrogen in a model nanoporous material. I. Surface limited desorption kinetics in amorphous solid water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; REACTIVE BALLISTIC DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; LIQUID WATER; N-ALKANES; ICE; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY AB The adsorption and desorption kinetics of N-2 on porous amorphous solid water (ASW) films were studied using molecular beam techniques, temperature programed desorption (TPD), and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The ASW films were grown on Pt(111) at 23 K by ballistic deposition from a collimated H2O beam at various incident angles to control the film porosity. The experimental results show that the N-2 condensation coefficient is essentially unity until near saturation, independent of the ASW film thickness indicating that N-2 transport within the porous films is rapid. The TPD results show that the desorption of a fixed dose of N-2 shifts to higher temperature with ASW film thickness. Kinetic analysis of the TPD spectra shows that a film thickness rescaling of the coverage-dependent activation energy curve results in a single master curve. Simulation of the TPD spectra using this master curve results in a quantitative fit to the experiments over a wide range of ASW thicknesses (up to 1000 layers, similar to 0.5 mu m). The success of the rescaling model indicates that N-2 transport within the porous film is rapid enough to maintain a uniform distribution throughout the film on a time scale faster than desorption. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.kay@pnl.gov RI Liu, Anwen/F-5926-2010; Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 18 AR 184707 DI 10.1063/1.2790432 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231XX UT WOS:000250983600035 PM 18020658 ER PT J AU Zubkov, T Smith, RS Engstrom, TR Kay, BD AF Zubkov, Tykhon Smith, R. Scott Engstrom, Todd R. Kay, Bruce D. TI Adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of nitrogen in a model nanoporous material. II. Diffusion limited kinetics in amorphous solid water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; REACTIVE BALLISTIC DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; WILLIAMS-WATTS; LIQUID WATER; N-ALKANES; GROWTH; ICE AB The adsorption, desorption, and diffusion kinetics of N-2 on thick (up to similar to 9 mu m) porous films of amorphous solid water (ASW) films were studied using molecular beam techniques and temperature programmed desorption. Porous ASW films were grown on Pt(111) at low temperature (< 30 K) from a collimated H2O beam at glancing incident angles. In thin films (< 1 mu m), the desorption kinetics are well described by a model that assumes rapid and uniform N-2 distribution throughout the film. In thicker films (>1 mu m), N-2 adsorption at 27 K results in a nonuniform distribution, where most of N-2 is trapped in the outer region of the film. Redistribution of N-2 can be induced by thermal annealing. The apparent activation energy for this process is similar to 7 kJ/mol, which is approximately half of the desorption activation energy at the corresponding coverage. Preadsorption of Kr preferentially adsorbs onto the highest energy binding sites, thereby preventing N-2 from trapping in the outer region of the film which facilitates N-2 transport deeper into the porous film. Despite the onset of limited diffusion, the adsorption kinetics are efficient, precursor mediated, and independent of film thickness. An adsorption mechanism is proposed, in which a high-coverage N-2 front propagates into a pore by the rapid transport of physisorbed second layer N-2 species on top of the first surface bound layer. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.kay@pnl.gov RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 18 AR 184708 DI 10.1063/1.2790433 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231XX UT WOS:000250983600036 PM 18020659 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Telang, F Fowler, JS Logan, J Jayne, M Ma, YM Pradhan, K Wong, C AF Volkow, Nora D. Wang, Gene-Jack Telang, Frank Fowler, Joanna S. Logan, Jean Jayne, Millard Ma, Yeming Pradhan, Kith Wong, Christopher TI Profound decreases in dopamine release in striatum in detoxified alcoholics: possible orbitofrontal involvement SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PET; dopamine; alcohol; orbitofrontal cortex; ventral striatum; reward ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; HUMAN BRAIN; INTRAVENOUS METHYLPHENIDATE; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TYPE-2 ALCOHOLICS; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; COCAINE ABUSERS; DRUG-ADDICTION AB The value of rewards (natural rewards and drugs) is associated with dopamine increases in the nucleus accumbens and varies as a function of context. The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the context dependency of rewards and in the fixated high value that drugs have in addiction, although the mechanisms are not properly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex regulates the value of rewards by modulating dopamine increases in nucleus accumbens and that this regulation is disrupted in addicted subjects. We used positron emission tomography to evaluate the activity of the prefrontal cortex (measuring brain glucose metabolism with [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose) and dopamine increases (measured with [C-11] raclopride, a D-2/D-3 receptor ligand with binding that is sensitive to endogenous dopamine) induced by the stimulant drug methylphenidate in 20 controls and 20 detoxified alcoholics, most of whom smoked. In all subjects, methylphenidate significantly increased dopamine in striatum. In ventral striatum (where the nucleus accumbens is located) and in putamen, dopamine increases were associated with the rewarding effects of methylphenidate (drug liking and high) and were profoundly attenuated in alcoholics (70 and 50% lower than controls, respectively). In controls, but not in alcoholics, metabolism in orbitofrontal cortex (region involved with salience attribution) was negatively associated with methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases in ventral striatum. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the orbitofrontal cortex modulates the value of rewards by regulating the magnitude of dopamine increases in the ventral striatum and that disruption of this regulation may underlie the decreased sensitivity to rewards in addicted subjects. C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIMH NIH HHS [MH66961-02] NR 55 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 46 BP 12700 EP 12706 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3371-07.2007 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 231NA UT WOS:000250952700031 PM 18003850 ER PT J AU Gibson, JM AF Gibson, J. Murray TI Understanding the limits of pair-distribution functions for nanoscale correlation function measurement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Order in Amorphous and Partially Ordered Solids CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Trinity Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP FEI Co, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Trinity Coll ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; SILICON AB We explore the ability of the pair-distribution function (pdf) to accurately measure medium-range correlation lengths in nanoscale crystalline materials. Through simple computer simulations of disordered fcc metals, we find that the presence of quadratic displacement fields is sufficient to mask topological order (mro) at the medium-range (1-3 nm). This reconciles previous measurements and modeling on amorphous silicon-which showed that paracrystalline structures give pair correlation functions which are almost indistinguishable from random networks-with the wide use of pdfs to measure correlation lengths in nanoscale crystalline materials. Through simple analytical considerations, we identify conditions when the pdf method can be trusted for mro measurements in nanocrystalline materials. We show that while the reliability of the technique is dependent on the nature of materials studied, in general the technique fails for sufficiently small grain size in compact materials. When the pdf method does not work, we have previously shown that fluctuation microscopy is a powerful tool to give information on mro. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gibson, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 45 AR 455217 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/45/455217 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 227WO UT WOS:000250688700019 ER PT J AU Terentyev, D Malerba, L Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN AF Terentyev, D. Malerba, L. Bacon, D. J. Osetsky, Yu N. TI The effect of temperature and strain rate on the interaction between an edge dislocation and an interstitial dislocation loop in alpha-iron SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALS; MODEL; STABILITY; CLUSTERS; MOBILITY; DEFECTS; FCC; FE AB The influence of temperature, T, and strain rate,. e, on the reaction between the 1/2 [ 111](1 (1) over bar 0) edge dislocation line and a periodic row of 4 nm interstitial dislocation loops with Burgers vector b = 1/2 [1 (1) over bar 1] in alpha-Fe has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics, using a potential developed recently for body centred cubic Fe (Ackland et al 2004 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 1). A dislocation segment with b = [ 010] is formed by favourable reaction in all cases: it is sessile in the (1 (1) over bar 0) glide plane and leads to the formation of a screw dipole on the line under increasing stress. The mechanism controlling line breakaway and the corresponding critical stress depend mainly on T rather than. e. At high T ( 300 and 600 K here) the length of the screw dipole is short (< 10b) and the controlling mechanism is the glide of the [ 010] segment over the loop surface coupled with cross-slip of the short screws. The loop is totally absorbed on the line by transformation of b to 1/2 [ 111]. At low T, where thermal effects are negligible, a long (similar to 100b) screw dipole is drawn out and the controlling mechanism is annihilation of the dipole by screw cross-slip. This results in only partial absorption of the loop. By comparing the results with earlier ones obtained using an older interatomic potential, conclusions are drawn on the effects of interaction between edge dislocations and interstitial loops in iron. C1 CEN SCK, Inst Nucl Mat Sci, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Terentyev, D (reprint author), CEN SCK, Inst Nucl Mat Sci, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM dterenty@sckcen.be NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 45 AR 456211 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/45/456211 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 227WO UT WOS:000250688700032 ER PT J AU Treacy, MMJ Kumar, D Rougee, A Zhao, G Buseck, PR McNulty, I Fan, L Rau, C Gibson, JM AF Treacy, M. M. J. Kumar, D. Rougee, A. Zhao, G. Buseck, P. R. McNulty, I. Fan, L. Rau, C. Gibson, J. M. TI Probing medium-range structural correlations by fluctuation microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Order in Amorphous and Partially Ordered Solids CY JUL 09-11, 2007 CL Trinity Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP FEI Co, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Trinity Coll ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; DISORDERED MATERIALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; METALLIC GLASSES; CARBON-FILMS; ORDER AB We outline recent advances in the fluctuation microscopy technique for probing medium-range structural correlations in disordered materials. The technique was originally developed for electron microscopy, but has now been extended to optical and x-ray microscopies. We show that fluctuation microscopy can detect trace quantities of C(60) in a disordered graphite matrix, even though the diffraction signature from the C(60) is essentially undetectable. This result indicates that the technique can be used to discern dilute distributions of macromolecules in an otherwise disordered matrix. We also report preliminary studies of interferometric fluctuation microscopy using cross-correlations in diffraction between coherent double probes. This is a form of holography where the diffraction patterns from two neighboring regions are allowed to overlap and interfere. Young's fringes appear wherever both regions scatter strongly. The cross-correlation can be examined as a function of probe separation to estimate a structure correlation length. This method holds much promise for studying medium-range order, since it isolates the essential four-body terms underpinning the fluctuation microscopy technique. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Treacy, MMJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM treacy@asu.edu RI zhao, gongpu/B-8151-2012; Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 45 AR 455201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/45/455201 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 227WO UT WOS:000250688700003 ER PT J AU Chupas, PJ Chapman, KW Jennings, G Lee, PL Grey, CP AF Chupas, Peter J. Chapman, Karena W. Jennings, Guy Lee, Peter L. Grey, Clare P. TI Watching nanoparticles grow: The mechanism and kinetics for the formation of TiO2-supported platinum nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CATALYSTS; CLUSTERS; ZEOLITE; HYDROGENATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; NANOSCALE AB The formation of supported Pt nanoparticles during the reduction of pt(4+) on TiO2 under H-2 (4% in He) gas flow has been monitored using a differential approach to time-resolved pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of high-energy X-ray scattering data. The reduction of Pt4+ species was found to follow pseudo-zero-order reaction kinetics, with an activation energy of 0.52 eV. Reaction data obtained at constant temperature (100, 150, and 200 degrees C) and during heating (0-200 degrees C) indicate that the growth of nanoparticles from the reduce Pt-0 species depends strongly on temperature and proceeds more rapidly upon heating. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chupas, PJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chupas@anl.gov; chapmank@aps.anl.gov; cgrey@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012 NR 25 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 13822 EP + DI 10.1021/ja076437p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300026 PM 17956102 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Saykally, RJ Geissler, PL AF Smith, Jared D. Saykally, Richard J. Geissler, Phillip L. TI The effects of dissolved halide anions on hydrogen bonding in liquid water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; IONS; MOLECULES; HYDRATION; SALTS AB It is widely believed that the addition of salts to water engenders structural changes in the hydrogen-bond network well beyond the adjacent shell of solvating molecules. Classification of many ions as "structure makers" and "structure breakers" has been based in part on corresponding changes in the vibrational spectra (Raman and IR). Here we show that changes in O-H vibrational spectra induced by the alkali halides in liquid water result instead from the actions of ions' electric fields on adjacent water molecules. Computer simulations that accurately reproduce our experimental measurements suggest that the statistics of hydrogen-bond strengths are only weakly modified beyond this first solvation shell. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geissler, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM geissler@berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 250 Z9 250 U1 10 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 13847 EP 13856 DI 10.1021/ja071933z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300032 PM 17958418 ER PT J AU Neiner, D Okamoto, NL Condron, CL Ramasse, QM Yu, P Browning, ND Kauzlarich, SM AF Neiner, Doinita Okamoto, Norihiko L. Condron, Cathie L. Ramasse, Quentin M. Yu, Ping Browning, Nigel D. Kauzlarich, Susan M. TI Hydrogen encapsulation in a silicon clathrate type I structure: Na-5.5(H-2)(2.15)Si-46: Synthesis and characterization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES; STORAGE; ADSORPTION; NMR; H-2; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; ZEOLITES; MOLECULE AB A hydrogen-encapsulated inorganic clathrate, which is stable at ambient temperature and pressure, has been prepared in high yield. Na-5.5(H-2)(2.15)Si-46 is a sodium-deficient, hydrogen-encapsulated, type I silicon clathrate. It was prepared by the reaction between NaSi and NH4Br under dynamic vacuum at 300 degrees C. The Rietveld refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction data is consistent with the clathrate type I structure. The type I clathrate structure has two types of cages where the guest species, in this case Na and H-2, can reside: a large cage composed of 24 Si, in which the guest resides in the 6d crystallographic position, and a smaller one composed of 20 Si, in which the guest occupies the 2a position. Solid-state Na-23, H-1, and Si-29 MAS NMR confirmed the presence of both sodium and hydrogen in the clathrate cages. Na-23 NMR shows that sodium completely fills the small cage and is deficient in the larger cage. The H-1 NMR spectrum shows a pattern consistent with mobile hydrogen in the large cage. Si-29 NMR spectrum is consistent with phase pure type I clathrate framework. Elemental analysis is consistent with the stoichiometry Na-5.5(H-2.15)(2)Si-46. The sodium occupancy was also examined using spherical aberration (Cs) corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) STEM experimental and simulated images indicated that the Na occupancy of the large cage, 6d sites, is less than 2/3, consistent with the NMR and elemental analysis. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95618 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NMR Facil, Davis, CA 95618 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kauzlarich, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM smkauziarich@ucdavis.edu RI Okamoto, Norihiko/A-7345-2010; OI Okamoto, Norihiko/0000-0003-0199-7271; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 13857 EP 13862 DI 10.1021/ja0724700 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300033 PM 17958361 ER PT J AU Meloni, G Selby, TM Goulay, F Leone, SR Osborn, DL Taatjes, CA AF Meloni, Giovanni Selby, Talitha M. Goulay, Fabien Leone, Stephen R. Osborn, David L. Taatjes, Craig A. TI Photoionization of 1-alkenylperoxy and alkylperoxy radicals and a general rule for the stability of their cations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; PEROXY-RADICALS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROPARGYL; FLAMES; KINETICS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY AB The photoionization of 1-alkenylperoxy radicals, which are peroxy radicals where the OO moiety is bonded to an sp(2)-hybridized carbon, is studied by experimental and computational methods and compared to the similar alkylperoxy systems. Quantum chemical calculations are presented for the ionization energy and cation stability of several alkenylperoxy radicals. Experimental measurements of 1-cyclopentenylperoxy (1-c-C5H7OO) and propargylperoxy (CH2=C=CHOO) photoionization are presented as examples. These radicals are produced by reaction of an excess of O-2 with pulsed-photolytically produced alkenyl radicals. The kinetic behavior of the products confirms the formation of the alkenylperoxy radicals. Electronic structure calculations are employed to give structural parameters and energetics that are used in a Franck-Condon (FC) spectral simulation of the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves. The calculations also serve to identify the isomeric species probed by the experiment. Adiabatic ionization energies (AlEs) of 1-c-C5H7OO (8.70 +/- 0.05 eV) and CH2=C=CHOO (9.32 +/- 0.05 eV) are derived from fits to the experimental PIE curves. From the fitted FC simulation superimposed on the experimental PIE curves, the splitting between the ground state singlet and excited triplet cation electronic states is also derived for 1-c-C5H7OO (0.76 +/- 0.05 eV) and CH2=C=CHOO (0.80 +/- 0.15 eV). The combination of the AlE(CH2=C=CHOO) and the propargyl heat of formation provides Delta H-f degrees(0) (CH2=C=CHOO+) of (1162 +/- 8) kJ mol(-1). From Delta H-f degrees(0) (CH2=C=CHOO+) and Delta H-f degrees(0)(C3H3+) it is also possible to extract the bond energy D degrees(0)(C3H3+-OO) of 19 kJ mol(-1) (0.20 eV). Finally, from consideration of the relevant molecular orbitals, the ionization behavior of alkyl- and alkenylperoxy radicals can be generalized with a simple rule: Alkylperoxy radicals dissociatively ionize, with the exception of methylperoxy, whereas alkenylperoxy radicals have stable singlet ground electronic state cations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Contribut Combust Res Fac, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meloni, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Contribut Combust Res Fac, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gmeloni@sandia.gov; cataatj@sandia.gov RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 14019 EP 14025 DI 10.1021/ja075130n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300052 PM 17941639 ER PT J AU Popescu, DC Smulders, MMJ Pichon, BP Chebotareva, N Kwak, SY van Asselen, OLJ Sijbesma, RP DiMasi, E Sommerdijk, NAJM AF Popescu, Daniela C. Smulders, Maarten M. J. Pichon, Benoit P. Chebotareva, Natalia Kwak, Seo-Young van Asselen, Otto L. J. Sijbesma, Rint P. DiMasi, Elaine Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. TI Template adaptability is key in the oriented crystallization of CaCO(3) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; COMPRESSED MONOLAYERS; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; ORGANIC MATRIX; IN-VITRO; BIOMINERALIZATION; GROWTH; MINERALIZATION AB In CaCO(3), biomineralization nucleation and growth of the crystals are related to the presence of carboxylate-rich proteins within a macromolecular matrix, often with organized beta-sheet domains. To understand the interplay between the organic template and the mineral crystal it is important to explicitly address the issue of structural adaptation of the template during mineralization. To this end we have developed a series of self-organizing surfactants (1-4) consisting of a dodecyl chain connected via a bisureido-heptylene unit to an amino acid head group. In Langmuir monolayers the spacing of these molecules in one direction is predetermined by the hydrogen-bonding distances between the bis-urea units. In the other direction, the intermolecular distance is determined by steric interactions introduced by the side groups (-R) of the amino acid moiety. Thus, by the choice of the amino acid we can systematically alter the density of the surfactant molecules in a monolayer and their ability to respond to the presence of calcium ions. The monolayer films are characterized by surface pressure-surface area (pi-A) isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering at fixed surface area, and also infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of films transferred to solid substrates. The developing crystals are studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and crystal modeling. The results demonstrate that although all compounds are active in the nucleation of calcium carbonate, habit modification is only observed when the size of the side group allows the molecules to rearrange and adapt their organization in response to the mineral phase. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Polymer Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Soft Matter CryoTEM Res Unit, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Macromol & Organm Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP DiMasi, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dimasi@bnl.gov; N.Sommerdijk@tue.nl RI Sijbesma, Rintje Pieter/D-3551-2012; Sommerdijk, Nico/B-7239-2013; Smulders, Maarten/H-4162-2011 OI Sijbesma, Rintje Pieter/0000-0002-8975-636X; Sommerdijk, Nico/0000-0002-8956-195X; Smulders, Maarten/0000-0002-6855-0426 NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 45 BP 14058 EP 14067 DI 10.1021/ja075875t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QN UT WOS:000250819300057 PM 17944471 ER PT J AU Magill, SR AF Magill, Stephen R. TI Innovations in ILC detector design using a particle flow algorithm approach SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a future e(+)e(-) collider that will produce particles with masses up to the design center-of-mass ( CM) energy of 500 GeV. The ILC complements the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which, although colliding protons at 14 TeV in the CM, will be luminosity-limited to particle production with masses up to similar to 1-2 TeV. At the ILC, interesting cross-sections are small, but there are no backgrounds from underlying events, so masses should be able to be measured by hadronic decays to dijets ( similar to 80% BR) as well as in leptonic decay modes. The precise measurement of jets will require major detector innovations, in particular to the calorimeter, which will be optimized to reconstruct final state particle 4-vectors-called the particle flow algorithm approach to jet reconstruction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Magill, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM srm@anl.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 409 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/11/409 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 231QJ UT WOS:000250963800002 ER PT J AU Pike, J Hanson, J Zhang, LH Chan, SW AF Pike, Jenna Hanson, Jonathan Zhang, Lihua Chan, Siu-Wai TI Synthesis and redox behavior of nanocrystalline Hausmannite (Mn3O4) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDES; NANOPARTICLES; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; NANORODS; MN5O8; MN2O3; SIZE AB Hausmannite (Mn3O4) nanoparticles have been prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of manganese nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine from 20 to 80 degrees C. Activation energy for the particle formation increases from 0.5 to 0.8 kJ/mol with nitrate concentration. Nanoparticles (18-41 nm) with a faceted structure are prepared by this method. We describe synchrotron in-situ time-resolved XRD experiments in which Mn3O4 nanoparticles are reduced to MnO and subsequently reoxidized in ramping temperature conditions. The temperature of Mn3O4 to MnO reduction decreases as Mn3O4 particle size decreases. On oxidation, 18 nm and smaller MnO nanoparticles formed the intermediate phase Mn5O8 (MnO - Mn3O4 - Mn5O8 Mn2O3 while larger MnO particles oxidized to Mn3O4 then directly to Mn2O3. Fon-nation of Mn3O4 occurred at lower temperature for smaller MnO nanoparticles. Further oxidation to Mn2O3 required higher temperatures for the initially smaller MnO nanoparticles, indicating that the kinetics of forming the new oxide phases is not controlled by diffusion, where smaller distance favors faster reaction, but by nucleation barrier. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chan, SW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 200 Mudd Bldg,500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sc174@columbia.edu RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5609 EP 5616 DI 10.1021/cm071704b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 229LG UT WOS:000250803900022 ER PT J AU Kang, SW Li, Q Chapman, BD Pindak, R Cross, JO Li, LF Nakata, M Kumar, S AF Kang, Shin-Woong Li, Quan Chapman, Brandon D. Pindak, Ron Cross, Julie O. Li, Langfang Nakata, Michi Kumar, Satyendra TI Microfocus X-ray diffraction study of the columnar phase of porphyrin-based mesogens SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISCOTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MESOMORPHISM; CELLS AB Porphyrin-based materials are prime candidates for solar energy harvesting applications. New compounds incorporating the porphyrin core, which exhibit the columnar liquid crystal (LC) phase, were synthesized as they offer a route to obtaining defect-free large area monodomain films. The structure of the phases exhibited by these materials has been probed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a microfocus (14 mu m x 14 mu m) beam. Exploiting the multidomain nature (i.e., having differently oriented crystal axes) of a thin glass cell, it was possible to obtain complete structural information without the need to have one single macroscopic crystal, which is normally difficult to obtain. The results confirmed the existence of the isotropic, discotic (columnar) LC, and discotic-ordered LC phases in these materials. The optical microscopic work demonstrates how macroscopic control of columnar orientations is achieved by manipulating the LC film thickness, substrate preparation, and the thermal annealing process. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RI Kang, Shin-Woong/K-1827-2015 OI Kang, Shin-Woong/0000-0002-1789-9214 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5657 EP 5663 DI 10.1021/cm702063a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 229LG UT WOS:000250803900028 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Xu, F Navrotsky, A Lee, JS Kim, ST Liu, J AF Zhang, Peng Xu, Fen Navrotsky, Alexandra Lee, Jong Soo Kim, Sangtae Liu, Jun TI Surface enthalpies of nanophase ZnO with different morphologies SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLAR OXIDE SURFACES; WATER-ADSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ZINC-OXIDE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; NANORODS; NANOWIRES; STABILITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; ENERGETICS AB A direct calorimetric measurement of the dependence of the surface enthalpy I of nanophase ZnO on morphology is reported. Nanoparticles, nanoporous composites, nanorods, and nanotetrapods were prepared with various sizes, and their surface enthalpies were derived from their drop solution enthalpies in molten sodium molybdate. Water adsorption calorimetry for nanoparticles and nanorods was carried out to characterize the stabilization effect of surface hydration. The surface enthalpies of hydrated surfaces for nanoparticles, nanoporous composites, nanorods, and nanotetrapods are 1.31 +/- 0.07, 1.42 +/- 0.21, 5.19 +/- 0.56, and 5.77 +/- 2.50 J/m(2), respectively, whereas those of the anhydrous surfaces are 2.55 +/- 0.23, 2.74 +/- 0.16, 6.67 +/- 0.56, and 7.28 +/- 2.50 J/m(2), respectively. The surface enthalpies of nanoparticles are the same as those of nanoporous composites and are much lower than those of nanorods and nanotetrapods, which also are close to each other. The dependence of surface enthalpy on morphology is discussed in terms of exposed surface structures. This is the first time that calorimetry on nanocrystalline powders has been able to detect differences in surface energetics of materials having different morphologies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu RI Lee, Jong-Soo /F-7461-2010 OI Lee, Jong-Soo /0000-0002-3045-2206 NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5687 EP 5693 DI 10.1021/cm0711919 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 229LG UT WOS:000250803900032 ER PT J AU Darab, JG Amonette, AB Burke, DSD Orr, RD Ponder, SM Schrick, B Mallouk, TE Lukens, WW Caulder, DL Shuh, DK AF Darab, John G. Amonette, Alexandra B. Burke, Deborah S. D. Orr, Robert D. Ponder, Sherman M. Schrick, Bettina Mallouk, Thomas E. Lukens, Wayne W. Caulder, Dana L. Shuh, David K. TI Removal of pertechnetate from simulated nuclear waste streams using supported zerovalent iron SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REMEDIATION; TECHNETIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; GLASS AB The application of nanoparticles of predominantly zerovalent iron (nanoiron), either unsupported or supported, to the separation and reduction of pertechnetate anions (TcO4-) from complex waste mixtures was investigated as an alternative approach to current waste-processing schemes. Although applicable to pertechnetate-containing waste streams in general, the research discussed here was directed at two specific potential applications at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site: (1) the direct removal of pertechnetate from highly alkaline solutions, typical of those found in Hanford tank waste, and (2) the removal of dilute pertechnetate from near-neutral solutions, typical of the eluate streams from commercial organic ion-exchange resins that may be used to remediate Hanford tank wastes. It was envisioned that both applications would involve the subsequent encapsulation of the loaded sorbent material into a separate waste form. A high surface area (>200 M2/g) base-stable, nanocrystalline zirconia was used as a support for nanoiron for tests with highly alkaline solutions, while a silica gel support was used for tests with near-neutral solutions. It was shown that after 24 h of contact time, the high surface area zirconia supported nanoiron sorbent removed about 50% (K-d = 370 L/kg) of the pertechnetate from a pH 14 tank waste simulant containing 0.51 mM TCO4- and large concentrations of Na+, OH-, NO3-, and CO32- for a phase ratio of 360 L simulant per kg of sorbent. It was also shown that after 18 h of contact time, the silica-supported nanoiron removed >95% pertechnetate from a neutral pH eluate simulant containing 0.076 mM TcO4_ for a phase ratio of 290 L/kg. It was determined that in all cases, nanoiron reduced the Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), or possibly to Tc(V), through a redox reaction. Finally, it was demonstrated that a mixture of 20 mass % of the solid reaction products obtained from contacting zirconia- supported nanoiron with an alkaline waste solution containing Re(VII), a surrogate for Tc(VII), with 80 mass % alkali borosilicate based frit heat-treated at 700 degrees C for 4 h sintered into an easily handled glass composite waste form. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Darab, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jdarab@meichem.com RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 27 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 23 BP 5703 EP 5713 DI 10.1021/cm0607379 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 229LG UT WOS:000250803900034 ER PT J AU Slater, L Ntarlagiannis, D Personna, YR Hubbard, S AF Slater, Lee Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Personna, Yves R. Hubbard, Susan TI Pore-scale spectral induced polarization signatures associated with FeS biomineral transformations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN INDUCED POLARIZATION; TIME-DOMAIN; DISPERSION AB We measured spectral induced polarization (SIP) signatures in sand columns during (1) FeS biomineralization produced by sulfate reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio vulgaris) under anaerobic conditions, and (2) subsequent biomineral dissolution upon return to an aerobic state. The low-frequency (0.1-10 Hz peak) relaxations produced during biomineralization can be modeled with a Cole-Cole formulation, from which the evolution of the polarization magnitude and relaxation length scale can be estimated. We find that the modeled time constant is consistent with the polarizable elements being biomineral encrusted pores. Evolution of the model parameters is consistent with FeS surface area increases and pore-size reduction during biomineral growth, and subsequent biomineral dissolution (FeS surface area decreases and pore expansion) upon return to the aerobic state. We conclude that SIP signatures are diagnostic of pore-scale geometrical changes associated with FeS biomineralization by sulfate reducing bacteria. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Slater, L (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 21 AR L21404 DI 10.1029/2007GL031840 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232ZB UT WOS:000251059100008 ER PT J AU Ma, B Kim, BJ Deng, L Poulsen, DA Thompson, ME Frechet, JMJ AF Ma, Biwu Kim, Bumjoon J. Deng, Lan Poulsen, Daniel A. Thompson, Mark E. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Bipolar copolymers as host for electroluminescent devices: Effects of molecular structure on film morphology and device performance SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHASE-SEPARATION; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; TRIPLET ENERGY AB Bipolar transport polymers have been developed as host materials for electroluminescent devices by incorporating both electron-transporting and hole-transporting functionalities into copolymers. Two different copolymers having the same molecular weight (M-n similar to 30 kg/mol) and the same fraction of electron-transporting monomers (f(OXA) = 0.50) have been synthesized in the form of random and diblock copolymers, respectively. The effect of molecular structure and film morphology of these bipolar polymers on device performance has been studied. For the diblock copolymers,pronounced phase segregation forming different nanomorphologies has been observed by modern microscopic techniques, which is not observed for the random counterparts under the same thin film preparation conditions. The results of single-layer polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) show that the nanophase separation morphology of diblock copolymers has a significant effect on device performance: lowering charge transport and facilitating the hole-electron recombination leads to a much higher quantum efficiency. Applying this high triplet block copolymer as host, a high external quantum efficiency of 5.4% at the brightness of 900 cd/m(2) was achieved for single-layer PLEDs with a green-emitting complex dopant. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Frechet@berkeley.edu RI Kim, Bumjoon J./C-1714-2011; Ma, Biwu/B-6943-2012; OI Thompson, Mark/0000-0002-7764-4096; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 46 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 23 BP 8156 EP 8161 DI 10.1021/ma0715526 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 229KL UT WOS:000250801700008 ER PT J AU Lo, CT Lee, B Pol, VG Rago, NLD Seifert, S Winans, RE Thiyagarajan, P AF Lo, Chieh-Tsung Lee, Byeongdu Pol, Vilas G. Rago, Nancy L. Dietz Seifert, Soenke Winans, Randall E. Thiyagarajan, P. TI Effect of molecular properties of block copolymers and nanoparticles on the morphology of self-assembled bulk nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SEPARATED DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; COPOLYMER/NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITES; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CDS NANOPARTICLES AB Self-assembly of thiol-terminated polystyrene-tethered Au nanoparticles in microphase-separated diblock copolymers composed of poly(styrene-b-2vinylpyridine) (PS-PVP) as a function of particle concentration and composition of block copolymers was investigated using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results reveal that the self-assembly of nanoparticles in the PS domain causes swelling and increases the interfacial curvature that, in turn, induces order-order transitions. At intermediate loading, the presence of nanoparticles amplifies the local compositional fluctuations, hence the roughness at the PS and PVP interface, which creates conditions to induce disorder in the polymer morphology. The system thus undergoes an order-disorder transition. At high particle loading, packing constraints prevent all particles from assembling in the PS domain, and the excess nanoparticles undergo macrophase separation. The present systematic study augments experimental data to the scarce literature on the phase behavior of bulk nanocomposites. We present a generalized phase map for the bulk composites as a function of effective volume fraction of PS (F-PS) for a given nanoparticle size. We believe that the results from this study will enable comparison of the phase maps from various studies and will serve to validate the simulation studies of inorganic particle/block copolymer composites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Div Chem Engn, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thiyagarajan, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Div Chem Engn, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thiyaga@anl.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 NR 57 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 23 BP 8302 EP 8310 DI 10.1021/ma070835vCCC:$37.00 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 229KL UT WOS:000250801700027 ER PT J AU Hoy, RS Grest, GS AF Hoy, Robert S. Grest, Gary S. TI Entanglements of an end-grafted polymer brush in a polymeric matrix SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR FLEXIBLE MACROMOLECULES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SEGMENT DENSITY PROFILES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ADSORBED POLYMERS; TETHERED POLYMERS; CHAIN DIMENSIONS; SURFACE; MELT AB We analyze the entanglement of polymer brushes embedded in long-chain melts and in good and Theta solvents. Individual entanglements are identified using a modified version of primitive path analysis. Due to entropic collapse, the brushes embedded in the melt are more self-entangled than those in the implicit solvents. The self-entanglement of the brushes in the good and Theta solvents as a function of coverage follows a simple scaling argument. We observe a depletion of entanglements near the systems' confining walls and offer several possible explanations. In the melt-embedded systems, the brushes entangle predominantly with the melt at low coverage and with themselves at high coverage. The peak of the brush - melt entanglement density is highest at an intermediate coverage, but the integrated areal brush - melt entanglement density continues to increase with coverage for the studied systems. This areal density correlates well with earlier measurements of the work of adhesion. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hoy, RS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM robhoy@pha.jhu.edu RI Hoy, Robert/B-1169-2009 NR 69 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 23 BP 8389 EP 8395 DI 10.1021/ma070943h PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 229KL UT WOS:000250801700039 ER PT J AU Naoumkina, M Farag, MA Sumner, LW Tang, YH Liu, CJ Dixon, RA AF Naoumkina, Marina Farag, Mohamed A. Sumner, Lloyd W. Tang, Yuhong Liu, Chang-Jun Dixon, Richard A. TI Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen and wound signals in Medicago truncatula SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE glucosidase; methyl jasmonate; phytoanticipin; cell culture; elicitation ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; CICER-ARIETINUM-L; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SATIVA L; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; STRESS RESPONSES; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE AB Cell suspensions of the model legume Medicago truncatula accumulated the isoflavonoid phytoalexin medicarpin in response to yeast elicitor or methyl jasmonate (MJ), accompanied by decreased levels of isoflavone glycosides in W-treated cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed rapid, massive induction of early (iso)flavonoid pathway gene transcripts in response to yeast elicitor, but not MJ, and differential induction by the two elicitors of sets of genes encoding transcription factors, ABC transporters, and beta-glucosidases. In contrast, both elicitors induced genes encoding enzymes for conversion of the isoflavone formononetin to medicarpin. Four MJ-induced beta-glucosidases were expressed as recombinant enzymes in yeast, and three were active with isoflavone glucosides. The most highly induced beta-glucosidase was nuclear localized and preferred flavones to isoflavones. The results indicate that the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying accumulation of medicarpin differ depending on the nature of the stimulus and suggest a role for MJ as a signal for rapid hydrolysis of preformed, conjugated intermediates for antimicrobial biosynthesis during wound responses. C1 Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Cairo, Egypt. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dixon, RA (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM radixon@noble.org RI Sumner, Lloyd/A-3270-2013; OI Sumner, Lloyd/0000-0002-4086-663X NR 49 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 46 BP 17909 EP 17915 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708697104 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233FY UT WOS:000251077000005 PM 17971436 ER PT J AU Hanson, JA Duderstadt, K Watkins, LP Bhattacharyya, S Brokaw, J Chu, JW Yang, H AF Hanson, Jeffrey A. Duderstadt, Karl Watkins, Lucas P. Bhattacharyya, Sucharita Brokaw, Jason Chu, Jhih-Wei Yang, Haw TI Illuminating the mechanistic roles of enzyme conformational dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE conformational equilibrium; rate-limiting step; single-molecule FRET; adenylate kinase ID COLI ADENYLATE KINASE; NUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE KINASES; SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; ENERGY LANDSCAPES; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; NETWORK MODEL; LOOP MOTION; CATALYSIS AB Many enzymes mold their structures to enclose substrates in their active sites such that conformational remodeling may be required during each catalytic cycle. In adenylate kinase (AK), this involves a large-amplitude rearrangement of the enzyme's lid domain. Using our method of high-resolution single-molecule FRET, we directly followed AK's domain movements on its catalytic time scale. To quantitatively measure the enzyme's entire conformational distribution, we have applied maximum entropy-based methods to remove photon-counting noise from single-molecule data. This analysis shows unambiguously that AK is capable of dynamically sampling two distinct states, which correlate well with those observed by x-ray crystallography. Unexpectedly, the equilibrium favors the closed, active-site-forming configurations even in the absence of substrates. Our experiments further showed that interaction with substrates, rather than locking the enzyme into a compact state, restricts the spatial extent of conformational fluctuations and shifts the enzyme's conformational equilibrium toward the closed form by increasing the closing rate of the lid. Integrating these microscopic dynamics into macroscopic kinetics allows us to model lid opening-coupled product release as the enzyme's rate-limiting step. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hawyang@berkeley.edu RI Chu, Jhih-Wei/D-2257-2012; Chu, Jhih-Wei/M-2870-2013; OI Chu, Jhih-Wei/0000-0003-3842-2893; Duderstadt, Karl/0000-0002-1279-7841 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM069937, R01 GM069937-01A3, T32 GM008295] NR 48 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 13 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 46 BP 18055 EP 18060 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708600104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233FY UT WOS:000251077000030 PM 17989222 ER PT J AU Cederberg, JG Lee, SR AF Cederberg, J. G. Lee, S. R. TI Surfactant effects associated with te-doped InPAs alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; TELLURIUM; GROWTH; RELAXATION; GAAS AB We examine the effects of heavy Te doping on strain-relaxed InPAs alloys grown on InP using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Compared to Si doping, Te doping of InPAs substantially reduces film roughness at high dopant concentrations (similar to 1x10(19) cm(-3)). Unlike similar Si concentrations, high Te concentrations also suppress the incorporation of As into InPAs. An analysis of depth profiles of Te, As, and P from secondary-ion mass spectrometry further reveals the segregation of 0.6 ML of Te on the InPAs surface during growth. We infer that surfactant effects produced by the segregated Te cause the observed changes in surface morphology and As incorporation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cederberg, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM jgceder@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201915 DI 10.1063/1.2801385 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500038 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Wang, XL Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Cheng, Sheng Wang, Xun-Li Choo, Hahn Liaw, Peter K. TI Global melting of Zr57Ti5Ni8Cu20Al10 bulk metallic glass under microcompression SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Global melting was observed in micron-sized pillar samples tested under microcompression. In addition to a higher strength that was reproduced in samples with different sizes, a large plastic strain was also observed prior to the final fracture, as compared to bulk counterparts. The global melting was a result of the final fracture as evidenced by the acoustic emission at the end of the microcompression. However, the increased strain rate and large plastic strain might have contributed to the temperature increase prior to the fracture. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cheng, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM scheng1@utk.edu RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Cheng, Sheng/D-9153-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Cheng, Sheng/0000-0003-1137-1926; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201917 DI 10.1063/1.2813623 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500040 ER PT J AU Guo, HZ Gupta, A Zhang, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ AF Guo, H. Z. Gupta, A. Zhang, Jiandi Varela, M. Pennycook, S. J. TI Effect of oxygen concentration on the magnetic properties of La2CoMnO6 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LA2NIMNO6 AB The dependence of the magnetic properties on oxygen concentration in epitaxial La2CoMnO6 thin films deposited on (100)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates has been investigated by varying the oxygen background pressure during growth using pulsed laser deposition. Two distinct ferromagnetic (FM) phases are revealed, and the relative fraction varies with the oxygen concentration. The existence of oxygen vacancies induces the local vibronic Mn3+-O-Co3+ superexchange interactions in direct competition with the static FM Mn4+-O-Co2+ interactions. This results in the appearance of a new low temperature FM phase and suppression of the high-temperature FM phase, creating two distinct magnetic phase transitions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM agupta@mint.ua.edu RI Guo, Haizhong/C-9817-2011; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 202509 DI 10.1063/1.2814919 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500072 ER PT J AU Liu, F Collazo, R Mita, S Sitar, Z Duscher, G Pennycook, SJ AF Liu, Fude Collazo, Ramon Mita, Seiji Sitar, Zlatko Duscher, Gerd Pennycook, Stephen J. TI The mechanism for polarity inversion of GaN via a thin AlN layer: Direct experimental evidence SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DOMAIN BOUNDARIES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; LATTICE AB Lateral-polarity heterostructures of GaN on c sapphire were prepared by deposition and patterning of a thin low-temperature AlN nucleation layer. Adjacent macroscopic domains were found to have opposite polarity; domains grown on the AlN nucleation layer were Ga polar while those grown on the nitrided sapphire were N polar, as confirmed by convergent-beam electron diffraction and Z-contrast images. We directly determined the atomic interface structure between the AlN and c sapphire with an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope at similar to 1.0 A resolution. This is the direct experimental evidence for the origin of the polarity control in III nitrides. This understanding is an important step toward manipulating polarity in these semiconductors. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Liu, F (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolt, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Mail Stp 3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM fude_liu@nrel.gov RI Liu, Fude/E-9873-2010; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 203115 DI 10.1063/1.2815748 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500099 ER PT J AU Sai, N Lee, J Fennie, CJ Demkov, AA AF Sai, Na Lee, Jaekwang Fennie, Craig J. Demkov, Alexander A. TI Spin-filtering multiferroic-semiconductor heterojunctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONVOLATILE MEMORY DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; HEXAGONAL YMNO3; CANDIDATE; GROWTH AB We report on the structural and electronic properties of the interface between the multiferroic oxide YMnO3 and semiconductor GaN studied with the Hubbard-corrected local-spin-density approximation to density-functional theory. We find that the band offsets at the interface between antiferromagnetically ordered YMnO3 and GaN are different for spin-up and spin-down states. This behavior is due to the spin splitting of the valence band induced by the interface. The energy barrier depends on the relative orientation of the electric polarization with respect to the polarization direction of the GaN substrate suggesting an opportunity to create magnetic tunnel junctions in this material system. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sai, N (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM nsai@physics.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 202910 DI 10.1063/1.2814961 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500084 ER PT J AU Shin, J Kalinin, SV Borisevich, AY Plummer, EW Baddorf, AP AF Shin, Junsoo Kalinin, S. V. Borisevich, A. Y. Plummer, E. W. Baddorf, A. P. TI Layer-by-layer and pseudo-two-dimensional growth modes for heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 films by exploiting kinetic limitations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SRTIO3; SURFACE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; FERROELECTRICITY AB Pulsed laser deposition has enabled formation of highly oxidized and strained BaTiO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates in a layer-by-layer growth mode to thicknesses of 125 nm. Balancing thermodynamics and diffusion lengths enables controlled growth at the higher oxygen pressures required. Growth above 800 degrees C produces an array of uniform pseudo-two-dimensional islands on single-step terraces which are independent of film thickness and correlated with threading dislocations. Control over growth modes is enabled by the manipulation of diffusion lengths and produces films with morphologies with broad applicability for fabrication of high-quality oxide films and self-assembled nanostructures. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Baddorf, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baddorfap@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 202901 DI 10.1063/1.2790477 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500075 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, P Rosenberg, RA Shenoy, GK Palmer, JS Weaver, JH AF Swaminathan, P. Rosenberg, R. A. Shenoy, G. K. Palmer, J. S. Weaver, J. H. TI Induced magnetism in Cu nanoparticles embedded in Co SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPIN POLARIZATION; RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FE/CU MULTILAYERS; COPPER; LAYERS; CO/CU AB One-dimensionally confined nonferromagnetic layers of Cu grown between ferromagnetic layers of Co have an average induced magnetic moment that decreases with Cu film thickness. We studied the effects of changing the nature of confinement to three dimensions by embedding Cu nanoparticles in a Co matrix and measuring the induced moments using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The nanoparticle spin moments were more than twice that of films of comparable thickness due to the three dimensional confinement and greater interfacial area. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weaver, JH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jhweaver@uiuc.edu RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 202506 DI 10.1063/1.2806236 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500069 ER PT J AU Yerushalmi, R Jacobson, ZA Ho, JC Fan, Z Javey, A AF Yerushalmi, Roie Jacobson, Zachery A. Ho, Johnny C. Fan, Zhiyong Javey, Ali TI Large scale, highly ordered assembly of nanowire parallel arrays by differential roll printing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS; INTEGRATION AB A differential roll printing strategy is developed to enable large-scale and uniform assembly of highly aligned and ordered nanowire arrays on various rigid and flexible substrate materials. The dynamics of the process are explored by tuning the linear sliding motion of the roller with respect to the rolling motion, clearly demonstrating the importance of the differential rolling process in the controlled assembly of nanowires. The potency and versatility of the method is further demonstrated by fabrication of nanowire transistor arrays on flexible substrates. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Comp & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Comp & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Zhiyong/C-4970-2012; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794; Fan, Zhiyong/0000-0002-5397-0129 NR 16 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 203104 DI 10.1063/1.2813618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500088 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS Zhang, JZ AF Zhao, Yusheng Zhang, Jianzhong TI Enhancement of yield strength in zirconium metal through high-pressure induced structural phase transition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB We report here a high-pressure phase-transition induced strengthening in ultrapure zirconium metal. The determined yield strength shows more than sixfold abrupt increase at the transition pressure of P-c=6 GPa, from sigma(alpha)(y)approximate to 180 MPa in the low-pressure phase of alpha-Zr to sigma(omega)(y)approximate to 1180 MPa in the high-pressure phase of omega-Zr. The observed enhancement provides an alternate route for material strengthening and is the most significant among the known strengthening techniques for metals. Our findings support the theoretical simulations of the substantial covalent bonding and "rougher" corrugation of slip planes for dislocations in the omega-phase of zirconium. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, LC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhao@lanl.gov; jzhang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201907 DI 10.1063/1.2802726 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232FK UT WOS:000251003500030 ER PT J AU Dey, A Green, KN Jenkins, RM Jeffrey, SP Darensbourg, M Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, Abhishek Green, Kayla N. Jenkins, Roxanne M. Jeffrey, Stephen P. Darensbourg, Marcetta Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI SK-Edge XAS and DFT calculations on square-planar NiII-thiolate complexes: Effects of active and passive H-bonding SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS; REDOX POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN-BONDS; MODEL COMPLEXES; ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE; NITRILE HYDRATASE; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY AB S K-edge XAS for a low-spin Ni-II-thiolate complex shows a 0.2 eV shift to higher pre-edge energy but no change in Ni-S bond covalency upon H-bonding. This is different from the H-bonding effect we observed in high-spin Fe-III-thiolate complexes where there is a significant decrease in Fe-S bond covalency but no change in energy due to H-bonding (Dey, A.; Okamura, T.-A.; Ueyama, N.; Hedman, B.; Hodgson, K. O.; Solomon, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12046-12053). These differences were analyzed using DFT calculations, and the results indicate that two different types of H-bonding interactions are possible in metal-thiolate systems. In the high-spin Fe-III-thiolate case, the H-bonding involves a thiolate donor orbital which is also involved in bonding with the metal (active), while in the low-spin Ni-II-thiolate, the orbital involved in H-bonding is nonbonding with respect to the M-S bonding (passive). The contributions of active and passive H-bonds to the reduction potential and Lewis acid properties of a metal center are evaluated. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Edward.Solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Darensbourg, Marcetta/O-5093-2014; Green, Kayla/P-3481-2014 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Darensbourg, Marcetta/0000-0002-0070-2075; Green, Kayla/0000-0001-8816-7646 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-29, RR-01209]; PHS HHS [0446304] NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 9655 EP 9660 DI 10.1021/ic7006292 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 228LS UT WOS:000250732000024 PM 17949080 ER PT J AU Demsar, K Stare, J Mavri, J AF Demsar, Katarina Stare, JerneJ Mavri, Janez TI Structure and vibrational dynamics of hydrogen bond in hydrogenbissulfate anion in the gas phase and in the solid state: A computational study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE hydrogen bond; solid state; vibrational spectroscopy; anharmonicity; quantum chemistry; plane-wave basis set; periodicity ID SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; PROTON-TRANSFER; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ACID; MODEL; MALONALDEHYDE; ACETYLACETONE; SIMULATION AB Nature of a short hydrogen bond in hydrogenbissulfate ion was studied by quantum-chemical methods. Isolated triple charged anion is predicted to be unstable on the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory levels using Pople basis sets with the exception of some small-size basis sets. For stable structures the predicted metric parameters are in poor agreement with the experiment and vary significantly with the basis set, indicating insufficient level of theory. The same is true for the calculated frequencies, in particular for the O-H stretching fundamental that seems to be too high. Inclusion of the crystal field effects by imposing the periodicity in conjunction with the plane wave basis sets improves agreement with the neutron diffraction data considerably. Exception is the O-H distance that was predicted to be too short. By quantization of the O-H coordinate an almost perfect agreement with the experimental O-H was found. Besides, quantization of the O-H coordinate shifts the calculated vibrational frequency toward the experimental center of the broad O-H stretching infrared absorption. Perspectives for application and extensions of presented methodology for vibrational spectroscopy and (bio)catalysis are given. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Demsar, Katarina] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Inorgan Chem, Fac Chem & Chem Technol, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. [Demsar, Katarina; Stare, JerneJ; Mavri, Janez] Natl Inst Chem, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Stare, JerneJ] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T CNLS LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mavri, J (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Dept Inorgan Chem, Fac Chem & Chem Technol, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. EM janez@kihp2.ki.si NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 12 PY 2007 VL 844 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.03.030 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 241LZ UT WOS:000251659200026 ER PT J AU Falcone, RW Feinberg, B Hussain, Z Kirz, J Krebs, GF Padmore, HA Robin, DS Robinson, AL AF Falcone, R. W. Feinberg, B. Hussain, Z. Kirz, J. Krebs, G. F. Padmore, H. A. Robin, D. S. Robinson, A. L. TI ALS renewal moves forward SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE synchrotron radiation; insertion devices; x-ray optics; x-ray instrumentation AB As the result of an extensive long-term planning process involving all its stakeholders-management, staff, and users-the ALS has seen its future and is aggressively moving ahead to implement its vision for keeping the facility at the cutting edge for the next 2-3 decades. The evolving strategic plan now in place aims to renew the ALS so it can address a new generation of fundamental questions about size dependent and dimensional-confinement phenomena at the nanoscale; correlation and complexity in physical, biological, and environmental systems; and temporal evolution, assembly, dynamics and ultrafast phenomena. The renewal spans three areas: (1) increased staffing at beamlines to support the growing user community and safety professionals to keep an increasingly complex facility hazard free; (2) implementing advances in accelerator, insertion device, beamline, and detector technology that will make it possible for ALS users to address emerging grand scientific and technological challenges with incisive world-class tools; and (3) construction of a user support building and guest housing that will increase the safety and user friendliness of the ALS by providing users office, meeting, experiment staging, and laboratory space for their work and on-site accommodations at reasonable rates. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Falcone, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rwfalcone@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.050 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500002 ER PT J AU Fenner, RB Gerig, RE Gibson, JM Gluskin, E Long, GG Mills, DM Ruzicka, WG AF Fenner, Richard B. Gerig, Rodney E. Gibson, J. Murray Gluskin, Efim Long, Gabrielle G. Mills, Dennis M. Ruzicka, William G. TI The Advanced Photon Source looks to the future SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE Argonne; synchrotron; X-ray; beamline; energy-recovery linac AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is in its 12th year since producing first light. With an eye on the next 10 years, facility management have developed plans that address priorities for new and/or improved beamlines over the next 5-10 years with a strong evolution toward a greater number of dedicated beamlines. In addition, options, including an energy-recovery linac, are being evaluated for a planned upgrade of the APS. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Sci user Facil, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenner, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Sci user Facil, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenner@aps.anl.gov RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.051 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500003 ER PT J AU Benson, S Biallas, G Boyce, J Bullard, D Coleman, J Douglas, D Dylla, F Evans, R Evtushenko, P Grippo, A Gould, C Gubeli, J Hardy, D Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Klopf, JM Moore, W Neil, G Powers, T Preble, J Sexton, D Shinn, M Tennant, C Walker, R Zhang, S Williams, GP AF Benson, S. Biallas, G. Boyce, J. Bullard, D. Coleman, J. Douglas, D. Dylla, F. Evans, R. Evtushenko, P. Grippo, A. Gould, C. Gubeli, J. Hardy, D. Hernandez-Garcia, C. Jordan, K. Klopf, J. M. Moore, W. Neil, G. Powers, T. Preble, J. Sexton, D. Shinn, M. Tennant, C. Walker, R. Zhang, S. Williams, G. P. TI The 4th generation light source at Jefferson Lab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE THz; coherent; synchrotron radiation; free electron laser; infrared ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; WAVELENGTH; RADIATION AB A number of "Grand Challenges" in Science have recently been identified in reports from The National Academy of Sciences, and the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. Many of these require a new generation of linac-based light source to study dynamical and non-linear phenomena in nanoscale samples. In this paper we present a summary of the properties of such light sources, comparing them with existing sources, and then describing in more detail a specific source at Jefferson Lab (JLab). Importantly, the JLab light source has developed some novel technology which is a critical enabler for other new light sources. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gwyn@jlab.org OI EVANS, ROBIN/0000-0002-7988-3189 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.088 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500005 ER PT J AU Tanabe, T Harder, DA Hulbert, S Rakowsky, G Skaritka, J AF Tanabe, T. Harder, D. A. Hulbert, S. Rakowsky, G. Skaritka, J. TI Insertion device activities for NSLS-II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE NSLS-II; insertion devices AB National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II) will be a medium energy storage ring of 3 GeV electron beam energy with sub-nm rad horizontal emittance and top-off capability at 500mA. Damping wigglers will be used not only to reduce the beam emittance but also used as broadband sources for users. Cryo-Permanent Magnet Undulators (CPMUs) are considered for hard X-ray linear device, and permanent magnet-based elliptically polarized undulators (EPUs) for variable polarization devices for soft X-ray. Six Tesla superconducting wiggler with minimal fan angle will be installed in the second phase as well as quasi-periodic EPU for VUV and possibly high-temperature superconducting undulator. R&D plans have been established to pursue the performance enhancement of the baseline devices and to design new types of insertion devices. A new insertion device development laboratory will also be established. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanabe, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ttanabe@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 31 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.054 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500009 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM Berman, LE AF Ablett, J. M. Berman, L. E. TI Spectral measurements and synchrotron radiation calculation comparisons of the new X25 mini-gap undulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE X-ray synchrotron radiation; undulator; spectrometer AB During January 2006, a new hybrid PM-type in-vacuum mini-gap undulator (MGU) with NdFeB magnets and vanadium permendur poles was installed within the X25 straight-section of the 2.8 GeV National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) electron storage ring. This new insertion device was implemented to deliver high brightness X-ray beams within the energy range of similar to 5.5-20keV for monochromatic single-crystal X-ray macromolecular crystallography. The spectral output from such a device is very sensitive to the storage ring machine parameters and in this paper, we report the precise determination of the new X25 MGU performance by implementing a single-crystal silicon (I 1 1) X-ray spectrometer to measure the X-ray energy-dependent flux throughput and infer the corresponding brightness values for a wide range of undulator gap openings. We compare these values to synchrotron radiation calculations using the SPECTRA (version 8.0) code and confirm both the integrity of the new X25 MGU device and the emittance values of the NSLS electron storage ring. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jablett@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.056 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500011 ER PT J AU Sasaki, S McNulty, I Dejus, R AF Sasaki, Shigemi McNulty, Ian Dejus, Roger TI Undulator radiation carrying spin and orbital angular momentum SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE undulator; radiation properties; orbital angular momentum AB We show that the radiation from a helical undulator not only carries spin angular momentum (circular polarization) but also orbital angular momentum. This exotic property of the undulator radiation may be useful in coherent X-ray imaging and scattering experiments and to probe electronic transitions in matter by orbital dichroism spectroscopy. Also, we present that a new magnet configuration, similar to the structure of Figure-8 undulator or the PERA undulator, may generate right- and left-hand circularly polarized off-axis radiation simultaneously. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sasaki, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sasaki@aps.anl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.058 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500013 ER PT J AU Suller, VP Fedurin, M Jines, P Launey, D Miller, T Wang, Y AF Suller, V. P. Fedurin, M. Jines, P. Launey, D. Miller, T. Wang, Y. TI The specification of a multipole wiggler for CAMD SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE superconducting; wiggler; storage ring; radiation spectrum AB The growth of CAMD's research program over the last several years, in particular following the commissioning of a 7 T wiggler, has produced a demand for both higher beam brightness and flux density. Consequently, new insertion devices, such as a multi-pole wiggler (MPW), are being considered. A proposal has been submitted to the National Science Foundation for the funding of an MPW which would replace the existing 7 T wavelength shifter. The outline specification for this device is presented and also results of tests of modified optics for the CAMD storage ring which will be needed to accommodate the MPW. The modified optics have a reduced vertical aperture requirement of 20 mm at the location of the MPW. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CAMD, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suller, VP (reprint author), CAMD, LSU, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM vsuller@lsu.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.059 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500015 ER PT J AU Borland, M Decker, G Nassiri, A Sun, YE White, M AF Borland, Michael Decker, Glenn Nassiri, Ali Sun, Yin-e White, Marion TI Potential performance and challenges of an energy recovery linac upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE synchrotron radiation sources AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation synchrotron radiation source operating at 7 GeV that has been in operation for over 10 years. In that time, the emittance has been improved from 8 to 3.1 nm, which is close to the practical minimum. Recently, APS undertook an intensive exploration of potential upgrades, including options for a replacement storage ring or Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) injector. Our conclusion was that only the ERL would provide a dramatically new capability. This paper discusses the potential performance available from an ERL upgrade to the APS and reviews the challenges of delivering this performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borland, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM borland@aps.anl.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.061 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500016 ER PT J AU Sajaev, V Borland, M Chae, YC Decker, G Dejus, R Emery, L Harkay, K Nassiri, A Shastri, S Waldschmidt, G Yang, B Anfinrud, P Dolgashev, V AF Sajaev, V. Borland, M. Chae, Y. -C. Decker, G. Dejus, R. Emery, L. Harkay, K. Nassiri, A. Shastri, S. Waldschmidt, G. Yang, B. Anfinrud, P. Dolgashev, V. TI Short X-ray pulse generation using deflecting cavities at the Advanced Photon Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE synchrotron radiation sources AB Storage-ring-based third-generation light sources can provide intense radiation pulses with durations as short as 100 ps. However, there is growing interest within the synchrotron radiation user community in performing experiments with much shorter X-ray pulses. Zholents et al. [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 425 (1999) 385] recently proposed using RF orbit deflection to generate sub-ps X-ray pulses. In this scheme, two deflecting cavities are used to deliver a longitudinally dependent vertical kick to the beam. An optical slit can then be used to slice out a short part of the radiation pulse. Implementation of this scheme is planned for one APS beamline in the near future. In this paper, we summarize our feasibility study of this method and the expected X-ray beam parameters. We find that a pulse length of less than two picoseconds can be achieved. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIH, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sajaev, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sajaev@aps.anl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.060 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500017 ER PT J AU Guo, W AF Guo, W. TI Sub-picosecond X-ray pulse generation schemes for the NSLS-II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE short X-ray pulses; vertical kick; pulse lengths; flux ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB Generating short X-ray pulses using a dipole magnet kicker was demonstrated at the Advanced Photon Source. A 4-ps long pulse containing about 10% of the flux from a bunch was captured in the experiment. The pulse could be even shorter for different machines. In this paper we estimate that a sub-picosecond pulse can be obtained from the proposed National Synchrotron Light Source II. A 100 fs pulse can be produced if we combine the lower momentum compaction method and the vertical kick method. Flux and pulse length are compared for different schemes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS II, Upton, NY 11764 USA. RP Guo, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS II, Upton, NY 11764 USA. EM wguo@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.062 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500018 ER PT J AU Dufresne, EM Khounsary, A AF Dufresne, Eric M. Khounsary, Ali TI Observation of a tilted Gaussian beam on the 7ID beamline of the advanced photon source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE beam diagnostics; beam divergence measurements; pinhole camera AB An experimenter using an undulator beamline expects a Gaussian beam profile in two dimensions. Using a pinhole camera, one can measure the source size and orientation. With a camera placed far away from the source, one can measure the beam profile and estimate the source divergence. The camera can also reveal a possible tilt of the beam. In late 2005, we observed a tilt of 7 degrees on the beam profile of the 7ID beamline, 51.5 m from the source at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). A pinhole camera measurement revealed a source tilt of only about 1 degrees. These two separate measurements implied a tilt in the divergence of the beam. The source and divergence tilts may vary for each source point of the APS. We will discuss the implication of these tilts on the performance of an insertion device beamline at the APS. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dufresne@anl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.063 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500019 ER PT J AU Shen, Q Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Chu, YS De Carlo, F Jemian, P Ilavsky, J Erdmann, M Long, GG AF Shen, Qun Lee, Wah-Keat Fezzaa, Kamel Chu, Yong S. De Carlo, Francesco Jemian, Peter Ilavsky, Jan Erdmann, Mark Long, Gabrielle G. TI Dedicated full-field X-ray imaging beamline at Advanced Photon Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE phase contrast imaging; coherent imaging; X-ray microscope ID DIFFRACTION AB We report the basic beamline design and current status of a new full-field X-ray imaging facility at Sector 32 of the Advanced Photon Source. The beamline consists of an existing hutch at 40m and a new experiment enclosure at 77m from the source, with both monochromatic and white-beam undulator X-ray capabilities. Experimental programs being planned for the beamline include highspeed time-resolved imaging, phase-contrast and coherent imaging, diffraction-enhanced imaging, ultra-small-angle scattering imaging, and phase- and absorption-contrast transmission X-ray microscopy. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shen, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM qshen@aps.anl.gov OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.169 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500023 ER PT J AU Klopf, JM Greer, A Gubeli, J Neil, GR Shinn, M SigginS, T Waldman, D Williams, GP Todd, A Christina, V Chubar, O AF Klopf, J. M. Greer, A. Gubeli, J. Neil, G. R. Shinn, M. Siggins, T. Waldman, D. Williams, G. P. Todd, A. Christina, V. Chubar, O. TI The Jefferson Lab high power THz user facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE terahertz; CSR; high power; beamline optics; source imaging ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; RADIATION AB We describe here, a high power (100 W average, 10 MW peak) broadband THz facility based on emission from sub-picosecond bunches of relativistic electrons and the beam transport system that delivers this beam into a user laboratory. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. AES Inc, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Synchroton Soleil, L Orme Merisiers, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Klopf, JM (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM klopf@jlab.org RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.081 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500035 ER PT J AU Khounsary, A Dufresne, EM Kewish, CM Qian, J Assoufid, L Conley, R AF Khounsary, Ali Dufresne, Eric M. Kewish, Cameron M. Qian, Jun Assoufid, Lahsen Conley, Ray TI Fabrication and evaluation of variable focus X-ray lenses SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE optics; X-ray; lens; beryllium; fabrication; precision optics; CNC; EDM ID COMPOUND LENSES; REFRACTIVE LENSES; LITHIUM; BERYLLIUM; OPTICS AB We report on the fabrication, preliminary metrology, and X-ray transmission results of variable-focus cylindrical beryllium lenses. Each tens consists of a number of 1-mm-diameter lenslets made by precision computer numerical control (CNC) drilling into a beryllium substrate. The substrate is then cut into five parts, each having a different number of lenslets, ranging from 10 to 50. Each lens is then cut diagonally, using an electron discharge machine, to provide it with focusing ability. Unlike the traditional lenses having a fixed focal distance for a given energy, the present lenses provide for a wide range of photon energies and focal distances. Additionally, X-ray transmission through the lens is enhanced by reducing lenslet wall thickness to about 50 mu m, the thinnest reported to date. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amk@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059; NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.075 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500036 ER PT J AU Liu, CA Conley, R Qian, J Kewish, CM Macrander, AT Maser, J Kang, HC Yan, H Stephenson, GB AF Liu, Chian Conley, R. Qian, J. Kewish, C. M. Macrander, A. T. Maser, J. Kang, H. C. Yan, H. Stephenson, G. B. TI Bonded Multilayer Laue Lens for focusing hard X-rays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE nanofocusing; Multilayer Laue Lens; multilayer; Au-Sn bonding AB We have fabricated partial Multilayer Laue Lens (MLL) linear zone plate structures with thousands of alternating WSi2 and Si layers and various outermost zone widths according to the Fresnel zone plate formula. Using partial MLL structures, we were able to focus hard X-rays to line foci with a width of 30 nm and below. Here, we describe challenges and approaches used to bond these multilayers to achieve line and point focusing. Bonding was done by coating two multilayers with AuSn and heating in a vacuum oven at 280-300 degrees C. X-ray reflectivity measurements confirmed that there was no change in the multilayers after heating to 350 degrees C. A bonded MLL was polished to a 5-25 mu m wedge without cracking. SEM image analyses found well-positioned multilayers after bonding. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a bonded full MLL for focusing hard X-rays. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Photon Res Inst, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Liu, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059; NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.077 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500038 ER PT J AU Yan, H Kang, HC Maser, J Macrander, AT Kewish, CM Liu, C Conley, R Stephenson, GB AF Yan, H. Kang, H. C. Maser, J. Macrander, A. T. Kewish, C. M. Liu, C. Conley, R. Stephenson, G. B. TI Characterization of a multilayer Laue lens with imperfections SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE multilayer Laue lens; X-ray focusing optics; imperfection; characterization ID RAY; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB We present a simulation result of the focusing performance of a multilayer Laue lens (NILL) with imperfections. Imperfections we have studied correspond to deviations of sequence of layers in the fabricated structure from the zone plate law. The actual sequence of layers of the MLL is measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fitted by second order polynomials. X-ray characterization of the MLL structures is performed using coherent X-rays at the Advanced Photon Source. We observe very good agreement between experiment and simulation. This demonstrates that our simulation method can serve as an efficient tool to characterize the focusing performance of MLLs with imperfections, and thereby allows us to provide feedback following deposition and fabrication of the MLL structures and optimization of focusing structures prior to X-ray characterization. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscle Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Photon Res Inst, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Yan, H (reprint author), 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 440-A143, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hanfei@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011; Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059; Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.080 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500039 ER PT J AU Ice, GE AF Ice, G. E. TI Reflective optics for microdiffraction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE microdiffraction; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors; microbeams; nanobeams ID RAY; MIRRORS AB Nondispersive optics are essential for emerging microdiffraction and nanobeam research. Here we describe extensions to traditional Kirkpatrick-Baez optics required to develop nondispersive microdiffraction and nanoprobe optics with 1-10 nm spatial resolution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM IceGE@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.090 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500040 ER PT J AU Rau, C Liu, W AF Rau, C. Liu, W. TI Cone-beam imaging with sub-100 nm focal-sized Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE cone-beam imaging; synchrotron radiation; hard X-ray microscopy; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors; coherence ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; ENERGY AB We report about magnified hard X-ray imaging in cone-beam geometry with a secondary source size of 85 x 95 nm(2). The small spot size is achieved by focusing with Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors at a third-generation synchrotron source. This small and more divergent source projects a magnified sample shadow, overcoming the resolution limit of the detection system. The proposed scheme allows imaging with high resolution and efficiency at the same time. In addition, it should be suitable for coherent imaging experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rau, C (reprint author), Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,Harwell Sci Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. EM christoph.rau@diamond.ac.uk NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 132 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.091 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500041 ER PT J AU Kelez, N Chuang, YD Smith-Baumann, A Franck, K Duarte, R Lanzara, A Hasan, MZ Dessau, DS Chiang, TC Shen, ZX Hussain, Z AF Kelez, Nicholas Chuang, Yi-De Smith-Baumann, Alexis Franck, Keith Duarte, R. Lanzara, A. Hasan, M. Z. Dessau, D. S. Chiang, T. C. Shen, Z. -X. Hussain, Zahid TI Design of an elliptically bent refocus mirror for the MERLIN beamline at the advanced light source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE finite element analysis; mirror width; SHADOW AB There is an increasing demand for well-focused beam with high quality imaging of the full field to further explore the potential of novel instruments. For beamlines operating at focal point, mechanical benders have often been used to shape the refocusing mirror into an ideal elliptical cylinder. Unfortunately, the limited number of couplings for these mechanisms requires specific substrate side-shaping, often calculated using beam bending theory [J.H. Underwood, Space Sci. Instrum. 3 (1977) 259; M. Howells et al., Opt. Eng. 39 (2000) 2748; T. Warwick et al., Document available at OSTI website: http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/842557-JYZCS3/native/], to meet demanding figure requirements. Here, we use finite element analysis (FEA) to validate the side-shaping algorithm and then couple the output with SHADOW to evaluate mirror performance when an ideal ellipse is not achieved. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kelez, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM NKelez@lbl.gov RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011; HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.092 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500042 ER PT J AU Kewish, CM Macrander, AT Assoufid, L Qian, J AF Kewish, Cameron M. Macrander, Albert T. Assoufid, Lahsen Qian, Jun TI Comparison of two methods for simulation of hard X-ray nanofocusing by elliptical mirrors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE wave optics; X-ray nanofocusing; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors ID REFLECTIVE OPTICS; NANOPROBE AB Wave-optical calculations are essential for predicting the X-ray focusing performance of precisely figured elliptical mirrors. The complex wavefield in the vicinity of the focal plane of a mirror with RMS height error in the nanometer range compared to the best-fit ellipse has been calculated using two methods. A pupil function method that treats the surface topography of a mirror as an aberration to a perfect ellipse was used to obtain the reflected amplitude and phase around the focal point downstream. The results were compared with direct propagation of waves from a point source, and it was found that both methods were in good agreement. Each approach provides advantages that are useful in designing mirrors to achieve diffraction limited focusing. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kewish, CM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kewish@aps.anl.gov RI Kewish, Cameron/H-5103-2011 OI Kewish, Cameron/0000-0001-6242-7059 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 138 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.141 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500043 ER PT J AU Yavas, H Alp, EE Sinn, H Alatas, A Said, AH Shvyd'ko, Y Toellner, T Khachatryan, R Billinge, SJL Hasan, MZ Sturhahn, W AF Yavas, Hasan Alp, E. Ercan Sinn, Harald Alatas, Ahmet Said, Ayman H. Shvyd'ko, Yuri Toellner, Thomas Khachatryan, Ruben Billinge, Simon J. L. Hasan, M. Zahid Sturhahn, Wolfgang TI Sapphire analyzers for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE sapphire; resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; X-ray spectrometer; synchrotron instrumentation ID SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB We present a sapphire (Al2O3) analyzer for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with 31-meV energy resolution. The analyzer is designed for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements at the CuK alpha absorption edge near 8990eV. The performance of the analyzer is demonstrated by measuring phonon excitations in beryllium because of its known dynamical structure and high counting rates. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Yavas, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM yavas@aps.anl.gov RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Yavas, Hasan/A-7164-2014 OI Yavas, Hasan/0000-0002-8940-3556 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.095 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500046 ER PT J AU Adams, BW Attenkofer, K AF Adams, B. W. Attenkofer, K. TI A high-resolution fluorescence analyzer with large solid-angle coverage and wide tunability SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE high-resolution X-ray fluorescence analysis; active optics AB We have developed and tested a crystal-optic X-ray fluorescence analyzer, which combines the features of electron-volt energy resolution, large solid angle coverage, and a demonstrated tunability over a photon-energy range from ca. 6.5 to 12 keV. It is based upon the principle of active optics to precisely adjust the shape of a strip of silicon. Although the primary use of the device is in high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, it can also be used for imaging. We present the basic design and two illustrative applications in atomic physics and trace-element analysis. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM adams@aps.anl.gov; klaus.attenkofer@anl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.142 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500047 ER PT J AU Makarov, OA Berm, R Corcoran, S Devarapalli, S Fischetti, R Hilgart, M Smith, WW Stepanov, S Xu, S AF Makarov, O. A. Berm, R. Corcoran, S. Devarapalli, S. Fischetti, R. Hilgart, M. Smith, W. W. Stepanov, S. Xu, S. TI EPICS controlled sample mounting robots at the GM/CA CAT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE EPICS software; sample mounting robots; macromolecular crystallography AB GM/CA CAT at Sector 23 of the advanced photon source (APS) is an NIH funded facility for crystallographic structure determination of biological macromolecules by X-ray diffraction [R.F. Fischetti, et al., GM/CA canted undulator beamlines for protein crystallography, Acta Crystallogr. A 61 (2005) C139]. The facility consists of three beamlines; two based on canted undulators and one on a bending magnet. The scientific and technical goals of the CAT emphasize streamlined, efficient throughput for a variety of sample types, sizes and qualities, representing the cutting edge of structural biology research. For this purpose all three beamlines are equipped with the ALS-style robots [C.W.Cork, et al. Status of the BCSB automated sample mounting and alignment system for macromolecular crystallography at the Advanced Light Source, SRI-2003, San-Francisco, CA, USA. August 25-59, 20031 for an automated mounting of cryo-protected macromolecular crystals. This report summarizes software and technical solutions implemented with the first of the three operational robots at beamline 23-ID-B. The autornounter's Dewar can hold up to 72 or 96 samples residing in six Rigaku ACTOR magazines or ALS-style pucks, respectively. Mounting of a crystal takes approximately 2 s, during which time the temperature of the crystal is maintained near that of liquid nitrogen. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GM CA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Makarov, OA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GM CA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 436D, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM makarov@anl.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 156 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.096 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500048 ER PT J AU Shu, D Maser, J Holt, M Winarski, R Preissner, C Lai, B Vogt, S Stephenson, GB AF Shu, D. Maser, J. Holt, M. Winarski, R. Preissner, C. Lai, B. Vogt, S. Stephenson, G. B. TI A robot-based detector manipulator system for a hard X-ray nanoprobe instrument SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE industrial robot; robot arm; scanning stage; microdiffraction ID DESIGN AB This paper presents the design of a robot-based detector manipulator for microdiffraction applications with a hard X-ray nanoprobe instrument system being constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) being constructed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Applications for detectors weighing from 1.5 to 100kg were discussed in three configurations. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscle Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Winarski, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscle Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 440 A138, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM winarski@anl.gov RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 159 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.097 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500049 ER PT J AU Tobin, JG Morton, SA Yu, SW Komesu, T Waddill, GD Boyd, P AF Tobin, J. G. Morton, S. A. Yu, S. W. Komesu, T. Waddill, G. D. Boyd, P. TI Spin Spectrometer at the ALS and APS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE spin polarized photoemission; X-ray magnetic dichroism; electronic structure ID THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; DICHROISM AB A spin-resolving photoelectron spectrometer, the "Spin Spectrometer," has been designed and built. It has been utilized at both the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, and the Advanced Photon Source in Argonne, IL. Technical details and an example of experimental results are presented here. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO USA. Boyd Technol, Santa Rosa, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tobin1@llnl.gov RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.098 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500050 ER PT J AU Mankey, GJ Morton, SA Tobin, JG Yu, SW Waddill, GD AF Mankey, G. J. Morton, S. A. Tobin, J. G. Yu, S. W. Waddill, G. D. TI A spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE spin-polarized photoemission; X-ray magnetic dichroism; electronic structure ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; VALENCE STATES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZATION; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB A spin- and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectrometer for the study of magnetic materials will be discussed. It consists of a turntable with electron lenses connected to a large hemispherical analyzer. A Mini-Mott spin detector is fitted to the output of the hemispherical analyzer. This system, when coupled to a synchrotron radiation source will allow determination of a complete set of quantum numbers of a photoelectron. This instrument will be used to study ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and nonmagnetic materials. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Dept Phys, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO USA. RP Mankey, GJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Dept Phys, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gmankey@mint.ua.edu RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015; Mankey, Gary/G-9110-2011 OI Mankey, Gary/0000-0003-3163-5159 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 165 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.100 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500051 ER PT J AU Lebedev, G Tremsin, A Siegmund, O Chen, Y Shen, ZA Hussain, Z AF Lebedev, G. Tremsin, A. Siegmund, O. Chen, Y. Shen, Z. -X. Hussain, Z. TI Complete momentum and energy resolved TOF electron spectrometer for time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE time-of-flight electron energy analyzer; photoemission electron spectrometry; synchrotron instrumentation AB Over the last decade, high-resolution Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) has emerged as a toot of choice for studying the electronic structure of solids, in particular, strongly correlated complex materials such as cuprate superconductors. In this paper we present the design of a novel time-of-flight based electron analyzer with capability of 2D in momentum space (kx and ky) and all energies (calculated from time of flight) in the third dimension. This analyzer will utilize an improved version of a 2D delay line detector capable of imaging with < 35 pm (700 x 700 pixels) spatial resolution and better than 120 ps FWHM timing resolution. Electron optics concepts and optimization procedure are considered for achieving an energy resolution less than I meV and an angular resolution better than 0.1 degrees. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lebedev, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gvlebedev@lbl.gov RI Chen, Yulin/C-1918-2012 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.099 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500052 ER PT J AU Tremsin, AS Lebedev, GV Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV McPhate, JB Hussain, Z AF Tremsin, A. S. Lebedev, G. V. Siegmund, O. H. W. Vallerga, J. V. McPhate, J. B. Hussain, Z. TI High-resolution detection system for time-of-flight electron spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE event counting detectors; high spatial and temporal resolution; synchrotron instrumentation AB One of the key components of a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer is the detection system. In addition to high timing resolution, accurate two-dimensional imaging substantially broadens the areas of applications of TOF spectrometers; for example, add a new dimension to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In this paper we report on the recent developments of a high spatial (< 50 am) and timing (< 130 ps) resolution imaging system capable of selective detection of electrons, ions and/or photons. Relative to our previously reported results, we have substantially improved the counting rate capabilities of the system especially for cases where the energy range of interest represents a small fraction of the incoming flux at the detector plane. The new system ignores all the events outside of a tunable time window substantially decreasing the dead time required for the event processing. That allows high-resolution TOF measurements within a given energy or momentum range and also can be used for distinguishing (or disabling) detection of photons versus detection of charged particles. The counting rate within a given energy window can be as high as similar to 400 KHz at 10% dead time. The electron detection system reported in the paper was developed for the TOF ARPES experiments at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tremsin, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ast@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 172 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.101 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500053 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Fernandez, P Madden, T Molitsky, M Weizeorick, J AF Lee, John H. Fernandez, Patricia Madden, Tim Molitsky, Michael Weizeorick, John TI CCD detector development projects by the Beamline Technical Support Group at the Advanced Photon Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE CCD; detector; synchrotron; SAXS; APS; SNAP ID CHARGE-COUPLED-DEVICES AB This paper will describe two ongoing detector projects being developed by the Beamline Technical Support Group at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The first. project is the design and construction of two detectors: a single-CCD system and a two-by-two Mosaic CCD camera for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Both of these systems utilize the Kodak KAF-4320E CCD coupled to fiber optic tapers, custom mechanical hardware, electronics, and software developed at ANL. The second project is a Fast-CCD (FCCD) detector being developed in a collaboration between ANL and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This detector will use ANL-designed readout electronics and a custom LBNL-designed CCD, with 480 x 480 pixels and 96 outputs, giving very fast readout. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Madden, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tmadden@aps.anl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.143 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500054 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Almer, J Aydiner, C Bernier, J Chapman, K Chupas, P Haeffner, D Kump, K Lee, PL Lienert, U Miceli, A Vera, G AF Lee, J. H. Almer, J. Aydiner, C. Bernier, J. Chapman, K. Chupas, P. Haeffner, D. Kump, K. Lee, P. L. Lienert, U. Miceli, A. Vera, G. TI Characterization and application of a GE amorphous silicon flat panel detector in a synchrotron light source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE flat panel detector; stress-strain measurement; pair distribution function AB Characterization, in the language of synchrotron radiation, was performed on a GE Revolution 41RT flat panel detector using the X-ray light source at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The detector has an active area of 41 x 41 cm(2) with 200 x 200 mu m(2) pixel size. The nominal working photon energy is around 80keV. Modulation transfer function (MTF) was measured in terms of line spread function (LSF) using a 25 mu m x 1 cm tungsten slit. Memory effects of the detector elements, called lag, were also measured. The large area and fast data capturing rate -8 fps in unbinned mode, 30 fps in binned or region of interest (ROI) mode-make the GE flat panel detector a unique and very versatile detector for synchrotron experiments. In particular, we present data from pair distribution function (PDF) measurements to demonstrate the special features of this detector. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. GE Hlthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jlee@aps.anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.103 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500056 ER PT J AU Shaban, EH Siddons, DP Kuczewski, A AF Shaban, E. H. Siddons, D. P. Kuczewski, A. TI Gas electron multiplier (GEM) enhanced ionization chamber for fluorescence detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE GEM AB Detecting dilute elements in thin materials using extended X-ray absorption fluorescence spectroscopy (EXAFS) method requires a detector capable of high count rate and low noise. For detection of dilute elements, the fluorescence signal amplitude is often overcome by the presence of noise or background interference. In this paper we have used a gas ionization chamber enhanced by a gas electron multiplier (GEM) to amplify the primary ionized electrons due to the X-ray fluorescence of a dilute element. The GEM provides an essentially noise free electron amplification of the signal primary photoelectrons. It provides a larger output current prior to the electronic amplification, allowing a lower gain amplifier with lower electronic circuit noise contribution and hence improved S/N ratio. In addition, since the signal is produced only by electrons, and not from ion motion, the detector is capable of recording rapidly changing signals. Iron in an arbitrary tree leaf was used as a test sample. This sample was measured using our detector SUBRSAB, and also with Lytle and passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detectors. An improvement in the signal amplitude by a factor of 20 and a factor of 2 are recorded for the proposed detector with respect to the Lytle and PIPS detectors, respectively. Although the gain in signal over the PIPS detector is small for this detector, its lack of sensitivity to light and its low and temperature-ind epen dent dark current are further advantages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 So Univ Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shaban, EH (reprint author), So Univ Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, PO Box 884, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. EM eshaban@engr.subr.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 185 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.140 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500057 ER PT J AU Friedrich, S Drury, OB George, SJ Cramer, SP AF Friedrich, S. Drury, O. B. George, S. J. Cramer, S. P. TI The superconducting high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer at the advanced biological and environmental X-ray facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ ID DETECTORS AB We have built a 36-pixel superconducting tunnel junction X-ray spectrometer for chemical analysis of dilute samples in the soft X-ray band. It offers an energy resolution of similar to 10-20 eV FWHM below I keV, a solid angle coverage of similar to 10(-3), and can be operated at total rates of up to similar to 10(6) counts/s. Here, we describe the spectrometer performance in speciation measurements by fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Advanced Biological and Environmental X-ray facility at the ALS synchrotron. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Biol & Environm X Ray Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, 7000 E Ave,L-188, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Friedrich1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 187 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.104 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500058 ER PT J AU So, I Siddons, DP Caliebe, WA Khalid, S AF So, I. Siddons, D. P. Caliebe, W. A. Khalid, S. TI Hard real-time quick EXAFS data acquisition with all open source software on a commodity personal computer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE XAFS; QEXAFS; GREC AB We describe here the data acquisition subsystem of the Quick EXAFS (QEXAFS) experiment at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. For ease of future growth and flexibility, almost all software components are open source with very active maintainers. Among them, Linux running on x86 desktop computer, RTAI for real-time response, COMEDI driver for the data acquisition hardware, Qt and PyQt for graphical user interface, PyQwt for plotting, and Python for scripting. The signal (A/D) and ener2v-reading (IK220 encoder) devices in the PCI computer are also EPICS enabled. The control system scans the monochromator energy tl rough a networked EPICS motor. With the real-time kernel, the system is capable of deterministic data-sampling period of tens of micro-seconds with typical timing jitter of several micro-seconds. At the same time, Linux is running in other non-real-time processes handling the user-interface. A modern Qt-based controls-frontend enhances productivity. The fast plotting and zooming of data in time or energy coordinates let the experimenters verify the quality of the data before detailed analysis. Python scripting is built-in for automation. The typical data-rate for continuous runs are around 10 M bytes/min. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hasylab Desy, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP So, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM so1@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.105 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500059 ER PT J AU Puzyrev, YS Ice, GE Sparks, CJ Robertson, L AF Puzyrev, Y. S. Ice, G. E. Sparks, C. J. Robertson, L. TI Automated software for the recovery of the short range order parameters from diffuse X-ray scattering data SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE X-ray; diffuse; software AB We have developed software to accelerate the analysis of the diffuse scattering data and to recover the short-range-order (SRO) and other parameters. The software is applied to data collected from a Cu50Au50 single crystal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Puzyrev, YS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM puzyrevys@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.139 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500060 ER PT J AU Walko, DA AF Walko, D. A. TI Using "macro hardware" to integrate EPICS and SPEC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE diffractometer software; instrument control; synchrotron radiation instrumentation AB This paper describes the steps needed to use SPEC's "macro hardware facility" for control and reading of EPICS process variables. This resource allows many instruments that can communicate with EPICS to be integrated into the SPEC diffractometer-control program. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walko, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM d-walko@anl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 196 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.106 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500061 ER PT J AU Qian, K Stojanoff, V AF Qian, Kun Stojanoff, Vivian TI An integrated web environment for fast access and easy management of a synchrotron beam line SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE web management; fast proposal submission; beam time schedule; web-based statistical evaluation tools; MediaWiki AB Tired of all the time spent on the phone or sending emails to schedule beam time? Why not make your own schedule when it is convenient to you? The integrated web environment at the NIGMS East Coast Structural Biology Research Facility allows users to schedule their own beam time as if they were making travel arrangements and provides staff with a set of toolkits for management of routine tasks. These unique features are accessible through the MediaWiki -powered home pages. Here we describe the main features of this web environment that have shown to allow for an efficient and effective interaction between the users and the facility. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kqian@bnl.gov RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.107 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500062 ER PT J AU Dufresne, EM Adams, BW Landahl, EC AF Dufresne, Eric M. Adams, B. W. Landahl, E. C. TI A study of laser-generated strain fields with X-ray micro diffraction SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE ultrafast lasers; coherent X-ray imaging; laser-induced strain fields AB In its 324-bunch mode of operation, the Advanced Photon Source (APS) allows new ferntosecond (fs) laser pump/X-ray probe experiments to be developed. In this mode of operation, if one uses the tightly focused low pulse energy (0), high-repetition-rate fs-laser Ti:Sapphire oscillator on beamline 71D, every laser and X-ray pulse can be temporally delayed with respect to each other, as the frequency of the laser oscillator and the X-ray bunches are both 88 MHz. This can result in a high-repeti ti on- rate pump-probe experiment which uses X-rays from every bunch. This presentation describes an example of how coherent X-ray imaging and microdiffraction experiments may be used to study laser-generated strain fields in semiconductors. With an oscillator beam focused to 7 mu m onto GaAs, we have observed coherent X-ray diffraction patterns with a high-resolution camera. We have also studied the strain fields with a focused X-ray beam generated by a Fresnel zone plate. Results from the two X-ray techniques will be compared. These experiments may help to develop techniques that will be used at the future free electron laser sources where coherent and pump-probe experiments can be done simultaneously. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dufresne@anl.gov RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.138 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500064 ER PT J AU Kao, T Liu, CJ Yu, XH Young, L Connor, D Dilmanian, A Parham, C Reaney, M Zhong, Z AF Kao, T. Liu, C. -J. Yu, X. -H. Young, L. Connor, D. Dilmanian, A. Parham, C. Reaney, M. Zhong, Z. TI Characterization of diffraction enhanced imaging contrast in plants SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE diffraction enhanced imaging; computed tomography; rocking curve; extinction contrast; plant; cell wall structure ID INDEX AB Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DET) was used to characterize the extinction contrast coefficient of plant tissues. Single-cells were imaged with planar DEL The organized structures of the plant cell walls were found to exhibit significant extinction contrast and were readily visualized using DEI. Extinction properties of different tissue types in plant roots, stems and seeds were characterized by DEI in Computed Tomography (DEI-CT) mode at the peak of the analyze r-rocking curve. DEI-CT yields different extinction coefficients for different cell types, resulting in high-contrast, high-resolution images of internal anatomical structures of plants. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Appl Microbiol & Food Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Kao, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kao@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.137 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500065 ER PT J AU Chung, JS Isa, S Greene, V Broadwater, O Liu, W Ice, GE AF Chung, J. -S. Isa, S. Greene, V. Broadwater, O. Liu, W. Ice, G. E. TI Multiple differential-aperture microscopy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE microdiffraction; diffraction tomography; coded aperture; microprobe ID RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB Differential-aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM) is a powerful approach to 3D tomography with particular relevance to X-ray microdiffraction. With DAXM, scattering from submicron volumes can be resolved. However, the method is intrinsically a scanning technique where every resolved volume element (voxel) requires at least one area-detector readout. Previous applications of DAXM have used a sinele wire for knife-edge step profiling. Here, we demonstrate a way to accelerate DAXM measurements using multiple wires. A proof-of-principle experiment with a three-wire prototype showed that the speed of measurements can be tripled, but careful calibrations of wires will be required to maintain the spatial accuracy. In addition, related possibilities for accelerating measurements are briefly discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Soongsil Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156743, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chung, JS (reprint author), Soongsil Univ, Dept Phys, 1-1 Sangdo-5-dong,Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156743, South Korea. EM chungj@ssu.ac.kr NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.110 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500066 ER PT J AU Heald, SM Cross, JO Brewe, DL Gordon, RA AF Heald, S. M. Cross, J. O. Brewe, D. L. Gordon, R. A. TI The PNC/XOR X-ray microprobe station at APS sector 20 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE X-ray microprobe; micro-XAS; microdiffraction; detectors AB The X-ray microprobe is the most popular experimental setup at the PNC/XOR insertion device beamline located at sector 20 at the Advanced Photon Source. To satisfy user demand and to simplify the setup, we have developed a dedicated station with multiple detection options. This paper will describe the setup in detail and demonstrate the capabilities with some example imaging, micro-XAS and microdiffraction data. In the future, an improved version of the microprobe will be installed on a dedicated undulator. The improvements planned for this station are based on our operational experience and will also be discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Heald, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM heald@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.109 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500067 ER PT J AU de Jonge, MD Vogt, S Legnini, D McNulty, I Rau, C Paterson, D Hornberger, B Holzner, C Jacobsen, C AF de Jonge, Martin D. Vogt, Stefan Legnini, Daniel McNulty, Ian Rau, Christoph Paterson, David Hornberger, Benjamin Holzner, Christian Jacobsen, Chris TI A method for phase reconstruction from measurements obtained using a configured detector with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE differential phase contrast; configured detector; phase retrieval; STXM AB We developed a technique for performing quantitative phase reconstructions from differential phase contrast images obtained using a configured detector in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope geometry. The technique uses geometric optics to describe the interaction of the X-ray beam with the specimen, which allows interpretation of the measured intensities in terms of the derivative of the phase thickness. Integration of the resulting directional derivatives is performed using a Fourier integration technique. We demonstrate the approach by reconstructing simulated measurements of a 0.5-mu m-diameter gold sphere at 7-keV photon energy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Synchroton, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP de Jonge, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dejonge@aps.anl.gov RI de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB006134, R21 EB006134-01A1] NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 218 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.111 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500068 PM 18843383 ER PT J AU Caldwell, WA Kunz, M Celestre, RS Domning, EE Walter, MJ Walker, D Glossinger, J MacDowell, AA Padmore, HA Jeanloz, R Clark, SM AF Caldwell, Wendel A. Kunz, Martin Celestre, R. S. Domning, E. E. Walter, M. J. Walker, D. Glossinger, J. MacDowell, A. A. Padmore, H. A. Jeanloz, R. Clark, S. M. TI Laser-heated diamond anvil cell at the advanced light source beamline 12.2.2 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE high-pressure; laser-heating; X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation instrumentation ID PEROVSKITE; MGSIO3 AB The laser-heating system for the diamond anvil cell at endstation 2 of beamline 12.2.2 of the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, has been constructed and is available for in situ high-pressure high-temperature X-ray experiments. The endstation couples a highbrilliance synchrotron X-ray source with an industrial strength laser to heat and probe samples at high pressure in the diamond anvil cell. The system incorporates an 50W Nd : YLF (cw) laser operated in TEM01* mode. Double-sided heating is achieved by splitting the laser beam into two paths that are directed through the opposing diamond anvils. X-ray transparent mirrors steer the laser beams coaxial with the X-ray beam from the superconducting bending magnet (energy range 6-35 KeV) and direct the emitted light from the heated sample into two separate spectrometers for temperature measurement by spectroradiometry. Objective lenses focus the laser beam to a size of 25 Am diameter (FWHM) in the sample region. An X-ray spot size of 10 Am diameter (FWHM) has been achieved with the installation of a pair of focusing Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors. A unique aperture configuration has produced an X-ray beam profile that has very low intensity in the tails. The main thrust of the program is aimed at producing in situ high-pressure high-temperature X-ray diffraction data, but other modes of operation, such as X-ray imaging have been accomplished. Technical details of the experimental setup will be presented along with initial results. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Planetary Sci & Earth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Caldwell, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Planetary Sci & Earth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sandercaldwell@gmail.com RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012; Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.113 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500069 ER PT J AU Thompson, AC Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Chang, PY Rosen, CJ Schwarz, RI AF Thompson, A. C. Blakely, E. A. Bjornstad, K. A. Chang, P. Y. Rosen, C. J. Schwarz, R. I. TI A synchrotron-based X-ray exposure station for radiation biology experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE low-dose radiation biology; synchrotron-based biology; radiation bystander effect; human cell irradiation AB Synchrotron X-ray sources enable radiation biology experiments that are difficult with conventional sources. A synchrotron source can easily deliver a monochromatic, tunable energy, highly collimated X-ray beam of well-calibrated intensity. An exposure station at beamline 10.3.1 of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) has been developed which delivers a variable energy (5-20keV) X-ray fan beam with very sharp edges (10-90% in less than 3 mu m). A series of experiments have been done with a four-well slide where a stripe (100 Pm wide x 18 mm long) of cells in each well has been irradiated and the dose varied from well to well. With this facility we have begun a series of experiments to study cells adjacent to irradiated cells and how they respond to the damage of their neighbors. Initial results have demonstrated the advantages of using synchrotron radiation for these experiments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Thompson, AC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bld 50A-6120, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM acthompson@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 226 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.114 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500070 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Deacon, AM AF Miller, Mitchell D. Deacon, Ashley M. TI An X-ray microsource based system for crystal screening and beamline development during synchrotron shutdown periods SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE protein crystallography; crystal screening; X-ray generator AB Crystallographic end-stations require a significant investment in state-of-the-art equipment, as well as a significant effort in software development. The equipment often sits idle during annual maintenance shutdowns. In order to utilize the existing hardware and software during these shutdowns, we installed a sealed-tube microsource X-ray generator in the beamline 9-2 hutch at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). A multi-layer optic provides good flux and spectral purity. The small physical size of the source, the long optic to focus distance (635 mm) and the short source to optic distance (65 mm) allowed the use of existing beamline components, without any significant modification. The system replaces a short section of beam pipe upstream of the beam conditioning slits and shutter. The system can be installed and removed from the beamline in less than 1 day. The Joint Center for Structural Genomics JCSG) and SSRL Structural Molecular Biology group developed the Stanford Automated Mounting (SAM) system and installed it on beamlines at SSRL. The JCSG relies on this system to test crystals for diffraction. The installation of the X-ray microsource in beamline 9-2 allowed crystal screening to continue during SSRL shutdowns. Using a standard screening protocol of two 10 min exposures, separated by a 90 degrees phi rotation, the system was capable of screening up to 400 crystals per week and was left to run unattended for up to 4 days. Over 8200 crystals were screened during the last four SSRL shutdown periods. An X-ray generator can also be useful for ongoing beamline development. Shutdown periods provide easier access to the experimental hardware; however, some tests require beam. The X-ray microsource offers the ability to conduct these tests during periods when users are not scheduled. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Ctr Struct Genom, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), Joint Ctr Struct Genom, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, MS 69,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmiller@slac.stanford.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062411, P50 GM062411-05, U54 GM074898, U54 GM074898-03] NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.136 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500072 PM 19005562 ER PT J AU Feng, J Comin, A Bartelt, AF Shin, HJ Nasiatka, JR Padmore, HA Young, AT Scholl, A AF Feng, J. Comin, A. Bartelt, A. F. Shin, H. J. Nasiatka, J. R. Padmore, H. A. Young, A. T. Scholl, A. TI An ultrafast X-ray detector system at an elliptically polarizing undulator beamline SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Baton Rouge, LA SP Louisiana State Univ DE ultrafast magnetism dynamics; XMCD; streak camera; photoconductive switch ID STREAK CAMERA; DYNAMICS; JITTER AB An ultrafast X-ray detector system is under development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for application primarily to study of ultrafast magnetization dynamics. The system consists of an is laser, an X-ray streak camera and an elliptically polarization undulator (EPU) beamline. Polarized X-rays from an EPU can be used to measure X-ray magnetic circular dichroisin (XMCD) of a sample. XMCD has the unique ability to independently measure orbit and spin magnetization with sub-monolayer sensitivity and element specificity. The streak camera has simultaneously a sub-picosecond temporal resolution and a high spatial resolution. The combination of the streak camera and EPU allows us to study the transfer of angular momentum from spin to orbit to the lattice in the sample on an ultrafast time scale. We describe here the performance of the ultrafast detector, the laser and the X-ray synchronization system. The observation of the demagnetization process of different samples demonstrates the ability of the apparatus. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feng, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, MS2-400,One Cycloton Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fjun@lbl.gov RI Comin, Alberto/A-3002-2011; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Comin, Alberto/0000-0001-8744-3944; NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2007 VL 582 IS 1 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.118 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 232SK UT WOS:000251039500077 ER PT J AU Homes, CC Carr, GL Lobo, RPSM LaVeigne, JD Tanner, DB AF Homes, Christopher C. Carr, G. Lawrence Lobo, Ricardo P. S. M. LaVeigne, Joseph D. Tanner, David B. TI Silicon beam splitter for far-infrared and terahertz spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FILM; INTERFEROMETERS; ABSORPTION AB Silicon beam splitters several millimeters thick offer numerous advantages over thin freestanding dielectric beam splitters. For routine spectroscopy for which resolutions of better than 1 cm(-1) are not required, a silicon beam splitter can replace several Mylar beam splitters to span the entire far-infrared region. In addition to superior long-wavelength performance that extends well into the terahertz region, the silicon beam splitter has the additional advantage that its efficiency displays little polarization dependence. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Homes, Christopher C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Homes, Christopher C.; Lobo, Ricardo P. S. M.] Univ Paris 06, Crt Natl Rech Sci,Unit Propre Rech, Ecole Super Phys & Chem Ind, Lab Photons & Mat, F-75231 Paris 5, France. [Carr, G. Lawrence] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [LaVeigne, Joseph D.; Tanner, David B.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [LaVeigne, Joseph D.] Santa Barbara Infrared Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM homes@bnl.gov OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 32 BP 7884 EP 7888 DI 10.1364/AO.46.007884 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 242PZ UT WOS:000251739200014 PM 17994139 ER PT J AU Albert, J Aliu, E Anderhub, H Antoranz, P Armada, A Baixeras, C Barrio, JA Bartko, H Bastieri, D Becker, JK Bednarek, W Berger, K Bigongiari, C Biland, A Bock, RK Bordas, P Bosch-Ramon, V Bretz, T Britvitch, I Camara, M Carmona, E Chilingarian, A Coarasa, JA Commichau, S Contreras, JL Cortina, J Costado, MT Curtef, V Danielyan, V Dazzi, F De Angelis, A Delgado, C Reyes, RDL De Lotto, B Domingo-Santamaria, E Dorner, D Doro, M Errando, M Fagiolini, M Ferenc, D Fernandez, E Firpo, R Flix, J Fonseca, MV Font, L Fuchs, M Galante, N Garcia-Lopez, RJ Garczarczyk, M Gaug, M Giller, M Goebel, F Hakobyan, D Hayashida, M Hengstebeck, T Herrero, A Hohne, D Hose, J Hrupec, D Hsu, CC Jacon, P Jogler, T Kosyra, R Kranich, D Kritzer, R Laille, A Lindfors, E Lombardi, S Longo, F Lopez, J Lopez, M Lorenz, E Majumdar, P Maneva, G Mannheim, K Mansutti, O Mariotti, M Martinez, M Mazin, D Merck, C Meucci, M Meyer, M Miranda, JM Mirzoyan, R Mizobuchi, S Moralejo, A Nieto, D Nilsson, K Ninkovic, J Ona-Wilhelmi, E Otte, N Oya, I Paneque, D Panniello, M Paoletti, R Paredes, JM Pasanen, M Pascoli, D Pauss, F Pegna, R Persic, M Peruzzo, L Piccioli, A Prandini, E Puchades, N Raymers, A Rhode, W Ribo, M Rico, J Rissi, M Robert, A Rugamer, S Saggion, A Saito, T Sanchez, A Sartori, P Scalzotto, V Scapin, V Schmitt, R Schweizer, T Shayduk, M Shinozaki, K Shore, SN Sidro, N Sillanpaa, A Sobczynska, D Stamerra, A Stark, LS Takalo, L Tavecchio, F Temnikov, P Tescaro, D Teshima, M Torres, DF Turini, N Vankov, H Vitale, V Wagner, RM Wibig, T Wittek, W Zandanel, F Zanin, R Zapatero, J AF Albert, J. Aliu, E. Anderhub, H. Antoranz, P. Armada, A. Baixeras, C. Barrio, J. A. Bartko, H. Bastieri, D. Becker, J. K. Bednarek, W. Berger, K. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Bock, R. K. Bordas, P. Bosch-Ramon, V. Bretz, T. Britvitch, I. Camara, M. Carmona, E. Chilingarian, A. Coarasa, J. A. Commichau, S. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Costado, M. T. Curtef, V. Danielyan, V. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. Delgado, C. de los Reyes, R. De Lotto, B. Domingo-Santamaria, E. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, M. Ferenc, D. Fernandez, E. Firpo, R. Flix, J. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Fuchs, M. Galante, N. Garcia-Lopez, R. J. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, M. Giller, M. Goebel, F. Hakobyan, D. Hayashida, M. Hengstebeck, T. Herrero, A. Hoehne, D. Hose, J. Hrupec, D. Hsu, C. C. Jacon, P. Jogler, T. Kosyra, R. Kranich, D. Kritzer, R. Laille, A. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. Lopez, J. Lopez, M. Lorenz, E. Majumdar, P. Maneva, G. Mannheim, K. Mansutti, O. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Mazin, D. Merck, C. Meucci, M. Meyer, M. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizobuchi, S. Moralejo, A. Nieto, D. Nilsson, K. Ninkovic, J. Ona-Wilhelmi, E. Otte, N. Oya, I. Paneque, D. Panniello, M. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J. M. Pasanen, M. Pascoli, D. Pauss, F. Pegna, R. Persic, M. Peruzzo, L. Piccioli, A. Prandini, E. Puchades, N. Raymers, A. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, J. Rissi, M. Robert, A. Ruegamer, S. Saggion, A. Saito, T. Sanchez, A. Sartori, P. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, V. Schmitt, R. Schweizer, T. Shayduk, M. Shinozaki, K. Shore, S. N. Sidro, N. Sillanpaa, A. Sobczynska, D. Stamerra, A. Stark, L. S. Takalo, L. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Tescaro, D. Teshima, M. Torres, D. F. Turini, N. Vankov, H. Vitale, V. Wagner, R. M. Wibig, T. Wittek, W. Zandanel, F. Zanin, R. Zapatero, J. TI Variable very high energy gamma-ray emission from Markarian 501 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (Mrk 501); instrumentation : detectors (MAGIC) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL-LAC OBJECTS; CHERENKOV TELESCOPE SYSTEM; LOG-PARABOLIC SPECTRA; 23 DAY PERIODICITY; BLACK-HOLE MODELS; X-RAY; MKN 501; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION AB The blazar Mrk 501 was observed at energies above 0.10 TeV with the MAGIC Telescope from 2005 May through July. The high sensitivity of the instrument enabled the determination of the flux and spectrum of the source on a night-by-night basis. Throughout our observational campaign, the flux from Mrk 501 was found to vary by an order of magnitude. Intranight flux variability with flux-doubling times down to 2 minutes was observed during the two most active nights, namely, June 30 and July 9. These are the fastest flux variations ever observed in Mrk 501. The similar to 20 minute long flare of July 9 showed an indication of a 4 +/- 1 minute time delay between the peaks of F(< 0.25 TeV) and F(> 1.2 TeV), which may indicate a progressive acceleration of electrons in the emitting plasma blob. The flux variability was quantified for several energy ranges and found to increase with the energy of the gamma-ray photons. The spectra hardened significantly with increasing flux, and during the two most active nights, a spectral peak was clearly detected at 0.43 +/- 0.06 and 0.25 +/- 0.07 TeV, respectively, for June 30 and July 9. There is no evidence of such a spectral feature for the other nights at energies down to 0.10 TeV, thus suggesting that the spectral peak is correlated with the source luminosity. These observed characteristics could be accommodated in a synchrotron self-Compton framework in which the increase in gamma-ray flux is produced by a freshly injected ( high energy) electron population. C1 IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Univ Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Humboldt Univ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Turku Univ, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Inst Nucl Energy Res, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Milan, Italy. Inst Ciencies Espai, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Paneque, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dpaneque@slac.stanford.edu RI De Angelis, Alessandro/B-5372-2009; Mannheim, Karl/F-6705-2012; Lopez Moya, Marcos/L-2304-2014; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; Font, Lluis/L-4197-2014; Fernandez, Enrique/L-5387-2014; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/M-2916-2014; Doro, Michele/F-9458-2012; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; chilingarian, ashot/B-1901-2014; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Rico, Javier/K-8004-2014; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Ribo, Marc/B-3579-2015; Antoranz, Pedro/H-5095-2015; Delgado, Carlos/K-7587-2014; Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; Miranda, Jose Miguel/F-2913-2013; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Maneva, Galina/L-7120-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; Cortina, Juan/C-2783-2017; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/I-2004-2015 OI Lopez Moya, Marcos/0000-0002-8791-7908; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Font, Lluis/0000-0003-2109-5961; Fernandez, Enrique/0000-0002-6405-9488; Moralejo Olaizola, Abelardo/0000-0002-1344-9080; Doro, Michele/0000-0001-9104-3214; chilingarian, ashot/0000-0002-2018-9715; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Rico, Javier/0000-0003-4137-1134; Antoranz, Pedro/0000-0002-3015-3601; Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-7014-4101; Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Miranda, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-1472-9690; Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Cortina, Juan/0000-0003-4576-0452; Bigongiari, Ciro/0000-0003-3293-8522; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Mansutti, Oriana/0000-0001-5758-4658; Hsu, Ching-Cheng/0000-0001-9406-2023; Costado, M. Teresa/0000-0002-2672-4061; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; de los Reyes Lopez, Raquel/0000-0003-0485-9552; Fonseca Gonzalez, Maria Victoria/0000-0003-2235-0725 NR 91 TC 270 Z9 271 U1 7 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 862 EP 883 DI 10.1086/521382 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500017 ER PT J AU Becker, MR McKay, TA Koester, B Wechsler, RH Rozo, E Evrard, A Johnston, D Sheldon, E Annis, J Lau, E Nichol, R Miller, C AF Becker, M. R. McKay, T. A. Koester, B. Wechsler, R. H. Rozo, E. Evrard, A. Johnston, D. Sheldon, E. Annis, J. Lau, E. Nichol, R. Miller, C. TI The mean and scatter of the velocity dispersion-optical richness relation for maxBCG galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; methods : data analysis ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DARK-MATTER HALOES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; MASS FUNCTION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DENSITY PROFILE AB The distribution of galaxies in position and velocity around the centers of galaxy clusters encodes important information about cluster mass and structure. Using the maxBCG galaxy cluster catalog identified from imaging data obtained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the BCG-galaxy velocity correlation function. By modeling its non-Gaussianity, we measure the mean and scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness. The mean velocity dispersion increases from 202 +/- 10 km s(-1) for small groups to more than 854 +/- 102 km s(-1) for large clusters. We show the scatter to be at most 40.5% +/- 3.5%, declining to 14.9% +/- 9.4% in the richest bins. We test our methods in the C4 cluster catalog, a spectroscopic cluster catalog produced from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR2 spectroscopic sample, and in mock galaxy catalogs constructed from N-body simulations. Our methods are robust, measuring the scatter to well within 1 sigma of the true value, and the mean to within 10%, in the mock catalogs. By convolving the scatter in velocity dispersion at fixed richness with the observed richness space density function, we measure the velocity dispersion function of the maxBCG galaxy clusters. Although velocity dispersion and richness do not form a true mass- observable relation, the relationship between velocity dispersion and mass is theoretically well characterized and has low scatter. Thus, our results provide a key link between theory and observations up to the velocity bias between dark matter and galaxies. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ohio State Univ, CCAPP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants, England. RP Becker, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X; Becker, Matthew/0000-0001-7774-2246 NR 98 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 905 EP 928 DI 10.1086/521920 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500020 ER PT J AU Yost, SA Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Ashley, MCB Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Gogues, E Guver, T Horns, D Kiziloglu, U Krimm, HA Mckay, TA Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, RM Rowell, G Rujopakarn, W Rykoff, ES Schaefer, BE Smith, DA Swan, HF Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J Yuan, F AF Yost, S. A. Aharonian, F. Akerlof, C. W. Ashley, M. C. B. Barthelmy, S. Gehrels, N. Goegues, E. Guever, T. Horns, D. Kiziloglu, Ue. Krimm, H. A. Mckay, T. A. Oezel, M. Phillips, A. Quimby, R. M. Rowell, G. Rujopakarn, W. Rykoff, E. S. Schaefer, B. E. Smith, D. A. Swan, H. F. Vestrand, W. T. Wheeler, J. C. Wren, J. Yuan, F. TI The dark side of ROTSE-III prompt GRB observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY-BURSTS; EARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; EMISSION; PHOTOMETRY; RADIATION; FLASHES; SYSTEM; WAVE AB We present several cases of optical observations during gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which resulted in prompt limits but no detection of optical emission. These limits constrain the prompt optical flux densities and the optical brightness relative to the gamma-ray emission. The derived constraints fall within the range of properties observed in GRBs with prompt optical detections, although at the faint end of optical/gamma-ray flux ratios. The currently accessible prompt optical limits do not require a different set of intrinsic or environmental GRB properties, relative to the events with prompt optical detections. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. Univ Istanbul, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Fac Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Canakkale Onseliz Mart Univ, TR-17020 Terzioglu, Canakkale, Turkey. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Guilford Coll, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yost, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM sayost@umich.edu; Felix.Aharonian@mpi-hd.mpg.de; jwren@nis.lanl.gov; mcba@phys.unsw.edu.au; scott@lheamail.gsfc.nasa.gov; gehrels@gsfc.nasa.gov; ersing@sabanciuniv.edu; tolga@istanbul.edu.tr; horns@mpi-hd.mpg.de; umk@astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr; krimm@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; tamckay@umich.edu; erykoff@umich.edu; a.phillips@unsw.edu.au; quimby@astro.as.utexas.edu; vestrand@lanl.gov; dsmith4@guilford.edu; erykoff@umich.edu; schaefer@lsu.edu; dsmith4@guilford.edu; hswan@umich.edu; vestrand@lanl.gov; wiphu@as.arizona.edu; jwren@nis.lanl.gov; yuanfang@umich.edu RI Guver, Tolga/C-1408-2011; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Guver, Tolga/B-1039-2014; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/0000-0002-0303-499X; Flewelling, Heather/0000-0002-1050-4056; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1107 EP 1114 DI 10.1086/521668 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500036 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, T Hill, JE Yamazaki, R Angelini, L Krimm, HA Sato, G Swindell, S Takami, K Osborne, JP AF Sakamoto, T. Hill, J. E. Yamazaki, R. Angelini, L. Krimm, H. A. Sato, G. Swindell, S. Takami, K. Osborne, J. P. TI Evidence of exponential decay emission in the swift gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; FIREBALL MODEL; JET MODELS; XRT DATA; FLASHES; PROMPT; LONG; BATSE; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA AB We present a systematic study of the steep decay emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT). In contrast to the analysis described in recent literature, we produce composite Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and XRT light curves by extrapolating the XRT data (2-10 keV) into the BAT energy range (15-25 keV) rather than extrapolating the BAT data into the XRT energy band (0.3-10 keV). Based on the fits to the composite light curves, we have confirmed the existence of an exponential decay component which smoothly connects the BAT prompt data to the XRT steep decay for several GRBs. We also find that the XRT steep decay for some of the bursts can be well fit by a combination of a power law with an exponential decay model. We discuss this exponential component within the framework of both the internal and the external shock model. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 2 BP 1115 EP 1129 DI 10.1086/521640 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228VK UT WOS:000250760500037 ER PT J AU Deng, ZQ Carlson, TJ Ploskey, GR Richmond, MC Dauble, DD AF Deng, Zhiqun Carlson, Thomas J. Ploskey, Gene R. Richmond, Marshall C. Dauble, Dennis D. TI Evaluation of blade-strike models for estimating the biological performance of Kaplan turbines SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE fish-friendly turbine; blade-strike modeling; fish injury; bio-index testing ID PASSAGE SURVIVAL; COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; FLOW AB Bio-indexing of hydro turbines is an important means to optimize passage conditions for fish by identifying operations for existing and new design turbines that minimize the probability of injury. Cost-effective implementation of bio-indexing requires the use of tools such as numerical and physical turbine models to generate hypotheses for turbine operations that can be tested at prototype scales using live fish. Numerical deterministic and stochastic blade-strike models were developed for a 1:25-scale physical turbine model built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the original design turbine at McNary Dam and for prototypescale original design and replacement minimum gap runner (MGR) turbines at Bonneville Dam's first powerhouse. Blade-strike probabilities predicted by both models were comparable with those observed in both prototype-scale live fish survival studies and a physical turbine model using neutrally buoyant beads. Predictions from the stochastic model were closer to experimental data than predictions from the deterministic model because the stochastic model considered the aspects of fish approaching to the leading edges of turbine runner blades. Therefore, the stochastic model should be the preferred method for the prediction of blade strike and injury probability for juvenile salmon and steelhead using numerical blade-strike models for evaluating the biological performance of Kaplan hydro turbines. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Deng, ZQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhiqun.deng@pnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013; Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485; Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 208 IS 2-4 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.05.019 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230WK UT WOS:000250906700008 ER PT J AU Evans, KJ Knoll, DA AF Evans, Katherine J. Knoll, Dana A. TI Temporal accuracy analysis of phase change convection simulations using the JFNK-SIMPLE algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE newton-Krylov methods; temporal accuracy; time step convergence; gallium melting; SIMPLE preconditioner; phase change convection ID PURE METAL; EQUATIONS; HYBRID; MODEL AB The incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy conservation equations with phase change effects are applied to two benchmark problems: (1) non-dimensional freezing with convection; and (2) pure gallium melting. Using a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) fully implicit solution method preconditioned with the SIMPLE (Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Hemisphere: New York, 1980) algorithm using centred discretization in space and three-level discretization in time converges with second-order accuracy for these problems. In the case of non-dimensional freezing, the temporal accuracy is sensitive to the choice of velocity attenuation parameter. By comparing to solutions with first-order backward Euler discretization in time, it is shown that the second-order accuracy in time is required to resolve the fine-scale convection structure during early gallium melting. Qualitative discrepancies develop over time for both the first-order temporal discretized simulation using the JFNK-SIMPLE algorithm that converges the nonlinearities and a SIMPLE-based algorithm that converges to a more common mass balance condition. The discrepancies in the JFNK-SIMPLE simulations using only first-order rather than second-order accurate temporal discretization for a given time step size appear to be offset in time. Copyright (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, T-3,POB 1663,MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM kevans@lanl.gov OI Evans, Katherine/0000-0001-8174-6450 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 637 EP 653 DI 10.1002/fld.1478 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 224AJ UT WOS:000250417100002 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Hammett, GW AF Sharma, Prateek Hammett, Gregory W. TI Preserving monotonicity in anisotropic diffusion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE anisotropic diffusion; finite differencing ID 2 DIMENSIONS; EQUATIONS; PLASMA; FLOWS; SPACE; MRI AB We show that standard algorithms for anisotropic diffusion based on centered differencing (including the recent symmetric algorithm) do not preserve monotonicity. In the context of anisotropic thermal conduction, this can lead to the violation of the entropy constraints of the second law of thermodynamics, causing heat to flow from regions of lower temperature to higher temperature. In regions of large temperature variations, this can cause the temperature to become negative. Test cases to illustrate this for centered asymmetric and symmetric differencing are presented. Algorithms based on slope limiters, analogous to those used in second order schemes for hyperbolic equations, are proposed to fix these problems. While centered algorithms may be good for many cases, the main advantage of limited methods is that they guaranteed to avoid negative temperature (which can cause numerical instabilities) in the presence of large temperature gradients. In particular, limited methods will be useful to simulate hot, dilute astrophysical plasmas where conduction is Anisotropic and the temperature gradients are enormous, e.g., collisionless shocks and disk-corona interface. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sharma, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psharma@astro.berkeley.edu RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 19 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 123 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.026 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100007 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Yang, TYB Warsa, JS AF Morel, Jim E. Yang, T. -Y. Brian Warsa, James S. TI Linear multifrequency-grey acceleration recast for preconditioned Krylov iterations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal radiation diffusion; preconditioned Krylov methods; numerical solution methods ID SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; SCHEME AB The linear multifrequency-grey acceleration (LMFGA) technique is used to accelerate the iterative convergence of multigroup thermal radiation diffusion calculations in high energy density simulations. Although it is effective and efficient one-dimensional calculations, the LMFGA method has recently been observed to significantly degrade under certain conditions in multidimensional calculations with large discontinuities in material properties. To address this deficiency, we recast the LMFGA method in terms of a preconditioned system that is solved with a Krylov method (LMFGK). Results are presented demonstrating that the new LMFGK method always requires fewer iterations than the original LMFGA method. The reduction in iteration count increases with both the size of the time step and the inhomogeneity of the problem. However, for reasons later explained, the LMFGK method can cost more per iteration than the LMFGA method resulting in lower but comparable efficiency in problems with small time steps and weak inhomogeneities. In problems with large time steps and strong inhomogeneities, the LMFGK method is significantly more efficient than the LMFGA method. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@tamu.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 244 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.033 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100013 ER PT J AU Miniati, F Colella, P AF Miniati, Francesco Colella, Phillip TI Block structured adaptive mesh and time refinement for hybrid, hyperbolic plus N-body systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE higher-order Godunov methods; adaptive mesh refinement; elliptic methods; particle-in-cell methods ID COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS; PROJECTION METHOD; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; IA SUPERNOVAE; SHOCK-WAVES; CODE; SCHEME; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; COLLAPSE AB We present a new numerical algorithm for the solution of coupled collisional and collisionless systems, based on the block structured adaptive mesh and time refinement strategy (AMR). We describe the issues associated with the discretization of the system equations and the synchronization of the numerical solution on the hierarchy of grid levels. We implement a code based on a higher order, conservative and directionally unsplit Godunov's method for hydrodynamics; symmetric, time centered modified symplectic scheme for collisionless component; and a multilevel, multigrid relaxation algorithm for the elliptic equation coupling the two components. Numerical results that illustrate the accuracy of the cod and the relative merit of various implemented schemes are also presented. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miniati, F (reprint author), ETH, Dept Phys, Wolfgang-Pauli-str 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM fm@phys.ethz.ch NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 400 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.035 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100020 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M Svyatskiy, D Vassilevski, Y AF Lipnikov, K. Shashkov, M. Svyatskiy, D. Vassilevski, Yu. TI Monotone finite volume schemes for diffusion equations on unstructured triangular and shape-regular polygonal meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE; DISCRETIZATION AB We consider a non-linear finite volume (FV) scheme for stationary diffusion equation. We prove that the scheme monotone, i.e. it preserves positivity of analytical solutions on arbitrary triangular meshes for strongly anisotropic at. heterogeneous full tensor coefficients. The scheme is extended to regular star-shaped polygonal meshes and isotropic heterogeneous coefficients. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow 117333, Russia. RP Svyatskiy, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov; dasvyat@lanl.gov; vasilevs@dodo.inm.ras.ru RI Vassilevski, Yuri/A-6068-2016 NR 21 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 492 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.08.008 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100025 ER PT J AU Nutaro, J Zeigler, B AF Nutaro, James Zeigler, Bernard TI On the stability and performance of discrete event methods for simulating continuous systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE discrete event simulation; DEVS; stability; differential automata ID DEVS SIMULATION AB This paper establishes a link between the stability of a first order, explicit discrete event integration scheme and the stability criteria for the explicit Euler method. The paper begins by constructing a time-varying linear system with bounded inputs that is equivalent to the first order discrete event integration scheme. The stability of the discrete event system is shown to result from the fact that it automatically adjusts its time advance to lie below the limit set by the explicit Euler stability criteria. Moreover, because it is not necessary to update all integrators at this rate, a significant performance advantage is possible. Our results confirm and explain previously reported studies where it is demonstrated that a reduced number of updates can provide a significant performance advantage compared to fixed step methods. These results also throw some light on stability requirements for discrete event simulation of spatially extended systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Integrat Modeling & Simulat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; zeigler@ece.arizona.edu OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 797 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.08.015 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 234DE UT WOS:000251140100039 ER PT J AU Xiong, ZM Lele, SK AF Xiong, Zhongmin Lele, Sanjiva K. TI Stagnation-point flow under free-stream turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STABILITY; MODEL; DISTURBANCES; SCALE; FLUID; WALL AB In this paper, the effects of free-stream turbulence on stagnation-point flow and heat transfer are investigated through large eddy simulation (LES) of homogeneous isotropic turbulence impinging upon an isothermal elliptical leading edge. Turbulent mean flow and Reynolds stress profiles along the stagnation streamline, where the mean flow is strain dominant, and at different downstream locations, where the mean flow gradually becomes shear-dominated, are used to characterize evolution of the free-stream turbulence. The Reynolds stress budgets are also obtained, and the turbulence anisotropy is analysed through the balance between the mean flow strain and the velocity pressure gradient correlation. In the presence of free-stream turbulence, intense quasi-streamwise vortices develop near the leading edge with a typical diameter of the order of the local boundary-layer thickness. These strong vortices cause the thermal fluxes to peak at a location much closer to the wall than that of the Reynolds stresses, resulting a greater sensitivity to free-stream turbulence for the heat transfer than the momentum transfer. The heat transfer enhancement obtained by the present LES agrees quantitatively with available experimental measurements. The present LES results are also used to examine the eddy viscosity and pressure-strain correlations in Reynolds stress turbulence models. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Xiong, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 590 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1017/S0022112007007768 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 236ET UT WOS:000251286500001 ER PT J AU Laurence, SJ Deiterding, R Hornung, HG AF Laurence, Stuart J. Deiterding, R. Hornung, H. G. TI Proximal bodies in hypersonic flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELEROMETER BALANCE SYSTEM; FORCE MEASUREMENTS; SHOCK TUNNEL; IMPULSE FACILITIES; ATMOSPHERE AB Hypersonic flows involving two or more bodies travelling in close proximity to one another are encountered in several important situations. The present work seeks to explore one aspect of the resulting flow problem by investigating the forces experienced by a secondary body when it is within the domain of influence of a primary body travelling at hypersonic speeds. An analytical methodology based on the blast wave analogy is developed and used to predict the secondary force coefficients for simple geometries in both two and three dimensions. When the secondary body is entirely inside the primary shocked region, the nature of the lateral force coefficient is found to depend strongly on the relative size of the two bodies. For two spheres, the methodology predicts that the secondary body will experience an exclusively attractive lateral force if the secondary diameter is larger than one-sixth of the primary diameter. The analytical results are compared with those from numerical simulations and reasonable agreement is observed if an appropriate normalization for the relative lateral displacement of the two bodies is used. Results from a series of experiments in the T5 hypervelocity shock tunnel are also presented and compared with perfect-gas numerical simulations, with good agreement. A new force-measurement technique for short-duration hypersonic facilities, enabling the experimental simulation of the proximal bodies problem, is described. This technique provides two independent means of measurement, and the agreement observed between the two gives a further degree of confidence in the results obtained. C1 CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Laurence, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Deiterding, Ralf/A-3394-2009 OI Deiterding, Ralf/0000-0003-4776-8183 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 590 BP 209 EP 237 DI 10.1017/S0022112007007987 PG 29 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 236ET UT WOS:000251286500010 ER PT J AU Shankaran, H Wiley, HS Resat, H AF Shankaran, Harish Wiley, H. Steven Resat, Haluk TI Receptor downregulation and desensitization enhance the information processing ability of signalling receptors SO BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; EGF-RECEPTOR; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; ENDOCYTOSIS; ROBUSTNESS; MODEL; TRAFFICKING AB Background: In addition to initiating signaling events, the activation of cell surface receptors also triggers regulatory processes that restrict the duration of signaling. Acute attenuation of signaling can be accomplished either via ligand-induced internalization of receptors (endocytic downregulation) or via ligand-induced receptor desensitization. These phenomena have traditionally been viewed in the context of adaptation wherein the receptor system enters a refractory state in the presence of sustained ligand stimuli and thereby prevents the cell from over-responding to the ligand. Here we use the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) as model systems to respectively examine the effects of downregulation and desensitization on the ability of signaling receptors to decode time-varying ligand stimuli. Results: Using a mathematical model, we show that downregulation and desensitization mechanisms can lead to tight and efficient input-output coupling thereby ensuring synchronous processing of ligand inputs. Frequency response analysis indicates that upstream elements of the EGFR and GPCR networks behave like low-pass filters with the system being able to faithfully transduce inputs below a critical frequency. Receptor downregulation and desensitization increase the filter bandwidth thereby enabling the receptor systems to decode inputs in a wider frequency range. Further, system-theoretic analysis reveals that the receptor systems are analogous to classical mechanical over-damped systems. This analogy enables us to metaphorically describe downregulation and desensitization as phenomena that make the systems more resilient in responding to ligand perturbations thereby improving the stability of the system resting state. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in addition to serving as mechanisms for adaptation, receptor downregulation and desensitization can play a critical role in temporal information processing. Furthermore, engineering metaphors such as the ones described here could prove to be invaluable in understanding the design principles of biological systems. C1 [Shankaran, Harish; Resat, Haluk] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wiley, H. Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM harish.shankaran@pnl.gov; steven.wiley@pnl.gov; haluk.resat@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072821, R01 GM072821-02, 5R01GM072821-02] NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1752-0509 J9 BMC SYST BIOL JI BMC Syst. Biol. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 1 AR 48 DI 10.1186/1752-0509-1-48 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 261AG UT WOS:000253050900001 PM 17996096 ER PT J AU Sladkovicova, M Smrcok, L Mach, P Tunega, D Kolesnikov, AI AF Sladkovicova, Mariana Smrcok, Lubomir Mach, Pavel Tunega, Daniel Kolesnikov, Alexander I. TI Inelastic neutron scattering and DFT study of 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol (TRIS) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol; INS; DFT; molecular dynamics ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; MODEL PEPTIDE; BASIS-SET AB We report an inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of 2-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propane diol (TRIS). The assignment of the experimental vibrational spectra measured using several incident neutrons' energies on HRMECS spectrometer has been made by means of DFT calculations. To simulate crystal environment both molecular cluster and solid state models were used. The study has been completed by an alternative approach, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, done at the same level of the DFT theory. The INS spectra calculated with the solid state models (normal mode analysis, and MD) gave a better fit of the experiment than the cluster model. On the other hand, the peaks between 650 and 850 cm(-1) in the experimental INS spectra assigned to OH torsional modes were reproduced better by the cluster calculations. The nature of the stretching frequency of unusually long O-H bond (1.012 angstrom) was interpreted by means of MD calculations. The interpretation of the spectrum below 100 cm(-1) was based on Fourier transform of the velocity autocorrelation function of centre of mass of a molecule of TRIS. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sladkovicova, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Inorgan Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM uachmery@savba.sk RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 340 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.08.027 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236AV UT WOS:000251276300027 ER PT J AU Calvo, I Carreras, BA Sanchez, R van Milligen, BP AF Calvo, I. Carreras, B. A. Sanchez, R. van Milligen, B. Ph TI Continuous time random walks in periodic systems: fluid limit and fractional differential equations on the circle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; PLASMA TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT MODELS; DYNAMICS; PARADIGM; AVALANCHES; LATTICES; FUSION AB In this paper, the continuous time random walk on the circle is studied. We derive the corresponding generalized master equation and discuss the effects of topology, especially important when Levy flights are allowed. Then, we work out the fluid limit equation, formulated in terms of the periodic version of the fractional Riemann-Liouville operators, for which we provide explicit expressions. Finally, we compute the propagator in some simple cases. The analysis presented herein should be relevant when investigating anomalous transport phenomena in systems with periodic dimensions. C1 CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. BACV Solut Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Calvo, I (reprint author), CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM ivan.calvo@ciemat.es RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; Calvo, Ivan/B-3444-2009; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015 OI Calvo, Ivan/0000-0003-3118-3463; van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 45 BP 13511 EP 13522 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/45/002 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 227WA UT WOS:000250687300004 ER PT J AU Wiese, C Dray, E Groesser, T Filippo, JS Shi, I Collins, DW Tsai, MS Williams, GJ Rydberg, B Sung, P Schild, D AF Wiese, Claudia Dray, Eloise Groesser, Torsten Filippo, Joseph San Shi, Idina Collins, David W. Tsai, Miaw-Sheue Williams, Gareth J. Rydberg, Bjorn Sung, Patrick Schild, David TI Promotion of homologous recombination and genomic stability by RAD51AP1 via RAD51 recombinase enhancement SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; HUMAN-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; COMPLEX; XRCC3; YEAST; EXPRESSION; HOP2-MND1 AB Homologous recombination (HR) repairs chromosome damage and is indispensable for tumor suppression in humans. RAD51 mediates the DNA strand-pairing step in HR. RAD51 associated protein 1(RAD51AP1) is a RAD51-interacting protein whose function has remained elusive. Knockdown of RAD51AP1 in human cells by RNA interference engenders sensitivity to different types of genotoxic stress, and RAD51 AP1 is epistatic to the HR protein XRCC3. Moreover, RAD51AP1-depleted cells are impaired for the recombinational repair of a DNA double-strand break and exhibit chromatid breaks both spontaneously and upon DNA-damaging treatment. Purified RAD51 AP1 binds both dsDNA and a D loop structure and, only when able to interact with RAD51, greatly stimulates the RAD51-mediated D loop reaction. Biochemical and cytological results show that RAD51AP1 functions at a step subsequent to the assembly of the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Our findings provide evidence that RAD51AP1 helps maintain genomic integrity via RAD51 recombinase enhancement. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sung, P (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM patrick.sung@yale.edu; dschild@lbl.gov RI Dray, Eloise/E-3938-2012; OI Dray, Eloise/0000-0001-6793-9838; Groesser, Torsten/0000-0003-3143-1906 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA092584-07, P01 CA092584, P01CA92584, R01 CA110415, R01CA110414, R01 CA110415-04]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES015252, R01ES015252, R01 ES015252-01] NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.08.027 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 229BR UT WOS:000250776800015 PM 17996711 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Paoli, FD Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U Da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A Denis, RS Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuno, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. 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Forrest, R. Forrester, S. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. Da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. 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Vellidis, C. Veramendi, G. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, M. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vogel, M. Vollrath, I. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wurthwein, F. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wagner, W. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wynne, S. M. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yamashita, T. Yang, C. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zaw, I. Zhang, X. Zhou, J. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for chargino-neutralino production in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY AB We present a search for associated production of the chargino and neutralino supersymmetric particles using up to 1.1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II experiment at the Tevatron p (p) over bar collider at root s=1.96 TeV. We analyze events with a large transverse momentum imbalance and either three charged leptons or two charged leptons of the same electric charge. The numbers of observed events are consistent with standard model expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section are derived in different theoretical models. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Daltes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, IN2P3, LPNHE, CNRS,UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jenkins, A. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kafer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kotcher, J. Kothari, B. Koubarovsky, A. Kozelov, A. V. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lynker, M. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Madaras, R. J. Mattig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Michaut, M. Miettinen, H. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mommsen, R. K. Mondal, N. K. Monk, J. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Noeding, C. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Oguri, V. Oliveira, N. Onoprienko, D. Oshima, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Garzon, G. J. Otero y Owen, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Patwa, N. Parua A. Pawloski, G. Perea, P. M. Perfilov, M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. da Silva, W. L. Prado Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Sidwell, R. A. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stro, R. Strohmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Search for production of single top quarks via tcg and tug flavor-changing-neutral-current couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; PHYSICS; STANDARD; DECAYS; TEV AB We search for the production of single top quarks via flavor-changing-neutral-current couplings of a gluon to the top quark and a charm (c) or up (u) quark. We analyze 230 pb(-1) of lepton+jets data from p (p) over tilde collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We observe no significant deviation from standard model predictions, and hence set upper limits on the anomalous coupling parameters kappa(c)(g)/Lambda and kappa(u)(g)/Lambda, where kappa(g) define the strength of tcg and tug couplings, and Lambda defines the scale of new physics. The limits at 95% C.L. are kappa(c)(g)/Lambda < 0.15 TeV-1 and kappa(u)(g)/Lambda < 0.037 TeV-1. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, CNRS, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, IN2P3, CPPM, CNRS, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, IN2P3, LPNHE, CNRS, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, IN2P3, LPNHE, CNRS, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Strasbourg, IN2P3, CNRS, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IPNL, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Juste, Aurelio/I-2531-2015; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Bargassa, Pedrame/O-2417-2016; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031; Grohsjean, Alexander/0000-0003-0748-8494; Melnychuk, Oleksandr/0000-0002-2089-8685; Bassler, Ursula/0000-0002-9041-3057; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Naumann, Axel/0000-0002-4725-0766; Bertram, Iain/0000-0003-4073-4941; Belanger-Champagne, Camille/0000-0003-2368-2617; Blazey, Gerald/0000-0002-7435-5758; Evans, Harold/0000-0003-2183-3127; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Weber, Gernot/0000-0003-4199-1640; Heinson, Ann/0000-0003-4209-6146; grannis, paul/0000-0003-4692-2142; Qian, Jianming/0000-0003-4813-8167; Strovink, Mark/0000-0001-7020-7769; Begel, Michael/0000-0002-1634-4399; Haas, Andrew/0000-0002-4832-0455; Hedin, David/0000-0001-9984-215X; Wahl, Horst/0000-0002-1345-0401; Juste, Aurelio/0000-0002-1558-3291; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Blessing, Susan/0000-0002-4455-7279; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Duperrin, Arnaud/0000-0002-5789-9825; Hoeneisen, Bruce/0000-0002-6059-4256; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Madaras, Ronald/0000-0001-7399-2993; Sawyer, Lee/0000-0001-8295-0605; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 191802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.191802 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500016 PM 18233063 ER PT J AU Chantis, AN Belashchenko, KD Smith, DL Tsymbal, EY van Schilfgaarde, M Albers, RC AF Chantis, Athanasios N. Belashchenko, Kirill D. Smith, Darryl L. Tsymbal, Evgeny Y. van Schilfgaarde, Mark Albers, Robert C. TI Reversal of spin polarization in Fe/GaAs (001) driven by resonant surface states: First-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTOR; INJECTION; BARRIER AB A minority-spin resonant state at the Fe/GaAs(001) interface is predicted to reverse the spin polarization with the voltage bias of electrons transmitted across this interface. Using a Green's function approach within the local spin-density approximation, we calculate the spin-dependent current in a Fe/GaAs/Cu tunnel junction as a function of the applied bias voltage. We find a change in sign of the spin polarization of tunneling electrons with bias voltage due to the interface minority-spin resonance. This result explains recent experimental data on spin injection in Fe/GaAs contacts and on tunneling magnetoresistance in Fe/GaAs/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chantis, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008; Tsymbal, Evgeny/G-3493-2013; OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490; Chantis, Athanasios/0000-0001-7933-0579 NR 25 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 196603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500052 PM 18233099 ER PT J AU Heeter, RF Hansen, SB Fournier, KB Foord, ME Froula, DH Mackinnon, AJ May, MJ Schneider, MB Young, BKF AF Heeter, R. F. Hansen, S. B. Fournier, K. B. Foord, M. E. Froula, D. H. Mackinnon, A. J. May, M. J. Schneider, M. B. Young, B. K. F. TI Benchmark measurements of the ionization balance of non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium gold plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; AU PLASMA; WORKSHOP AB We present a series of benchmark measurements of the ionization balance of well-characterized gold plasmas with and without external radiation fields at electron densities near 10(21) cm(-3) and electron temperatures spanning the range 0.8 to 2.4 keV. We have analyzed time- and space-resolved M-shell gold emission spectra using a sophisticated collisional-radiative model with hybrid level structure, finding average ion charges < Z > ranging from 42 to 50. At the lower temperatures, the spectra exhibit significant sensitivity to external radiation fields and include emission features from complex N-shell ions. The measured spectra and inferred < Z > provide a stringent test for non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium models of complex high-Z ions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heeter, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 195001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.195001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500034 PM 18233081 ER PT J AU Koo, J Song, C Ji, S Lee, JS Park, J Jang, TH Yang, CH Park, JH Jeong, YH Lee, KB Koo, TY Park, YJ Kim, JY Wermeille, D Goldman, AI Srajer, G Park, S Cheong, SW AF Koo, J. Song, C. Ji, S. Lee, J. -S. Park, J. Jang, T. -H. Yang, C. -H. Park, J.-H. Jeong, Y. H. Lee, K. -B. Koo, T. Y. Park, Y. J. Kim, J. -Y. Wermeille, D. Goldman, A. I. Srajer, G. Park, S. Cheong, S. -W. TI Non-resonant and resonant x-ray scattering studies on multiferroic TbMn2O5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POLARIZATION AB Comprehensive x-ray scattering studies, including resonant scattering at Mn L, Tb L, and M edges, were performed on single crystals of TbMn2O5 for crystallographic data to elucidate the nature of its commensurate and incommensurate phases. The scattering results provide direct evidence of symmetry lowering to the ferroelectric phase driven by magnetically induced lattice modulations and show the presence of multiple magnetic orders. The competing orders under spin-frustrated geometry are believed to cause discommensuration and result in the commensurate-to-incommensurate phase transition around 24 K. It is proposed that the low temperature incommensurate phase consists of commensurate domains separated by antiphase domain walls which change both signs of spontaneous polarizations and x-ray scattering amplitudes for forbidden reflections. C1 POSTECH, eSSC, Pohang 790784, South Korea. POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. POSTECH, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. POSTECH, Lab Pohang Emergent Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Koo, J (reprint author), POSTECH, eSSC, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; YANG, CHAN-HO/C-2079-2011 OI Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 197601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.197601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500067 PM 18233114 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Zhang, GM Xiang, T AF Lee, Dung-Hai Zhang, Guang-Ming Xiang, Tao TI Edge solitons of topological insulators and fractionalized quasiparticles in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMION ZERO MODES; QUANTUM; STATES; EXCITATIONS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTICES; PARITY; NUMBER AB An important characteristic of topological band insulators is the necessary presence of in-gap edge states on the sample boundary. We utilize this fact to show that when the boundary is reconnected with a twist, there are always zero-energy defect states. This provides a natural connection among novel defects in the two-dimensional p(x)+ip(y) superconductor, the Kitaev model, the fractional quantum Hall effect, and the one-dimensional domain wall of polyacetylene. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 196805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500058 PM 18233105 ER PT J AU Majumder, A Muller, B Wang, XN AF Majumder, Abhijit Muller, Berndt Wang, Xin-Nian TI Small shear viscosity of a quark-gluon plasma implies strong jet quenching SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; QCD; DECONFINEMENT; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; ENTROPY; NUCLEI AB We derive an expression relating the transport parameter q and the shear viscosity eta of a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma. A deviation from this relation can be regarded as a quantitative measure of "strong coupling" of the medium. The ratio T-3/q, where T is the temperature, is a more broadly valid measure of the coupling strength of the medium than eta/s, where s denotes the entropy density. Different estimates of q derived from existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data are shown to imply radically different structures of the produced matter. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumder, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 37 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 192301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.192301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500023 ER PT J AU Mason, D Brau, J Drucker, RB Frey, R Spentzouris, P Conrad, J Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S McNulty, C Romosan, A Shaevitz, MH Stern, EG Vaitaitis, A Zimmerman, ED Johnson, RA Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Bernstein, RH Bugel, L Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Nienaber, P Tobien, N Yu, J Adams, T Alton, A Bolton, T Goldman, J Goncharov, M de Barbaro, L Buchholz, D Schellman, H Zeller, GP Boyd, S McDonald, J Naples, D Radescu, V Tzanov, M Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, P Bodek, A Budd, H Harris, DA McFarland, KS Sakumoto, WK Yang, UK AF Mason, D. Brau, J. Drucker, R. B. Frey, R. Spentzouris, P. Conrad, J. Fleming, B. T. Formaggio, J. Kim, J. H. Koutsoliotas, S. McNulty, C. Romosan, A. Shaevitz, M. H. Stern, E. G. Vaitaitis, A. Zimmerman, E. D. Johnson, R. A. Suwonjandee, N. Vakili, M. Bernstein, R. H. Bugel, L. Lamm, M. J. Marsh, W. Nienaber, P. Tobien, N. Yu, J. Adams, T. Alton, A. Bolton, T. Goldman, J. Goncharov, M. de Barbaro, L. Buchholz, D. Schellman, H. Zeller, G. P. Boyd, S. McDonald, J. Naples, D. Radescu, V. Tzanov, M. Avvakumov, S. de Barbaro, P. Bodek, A. Budd, H. Harris, D. A. McFarland, K. S. Sakumoto, W. K. Yang, U. K. TI Measurement of the nucleon strange-antistrange asymmetry at next-to-leading order in QCD from NuTeV dimuon data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-ANTIQUARK ASYMMETRY; CHARM PRODUCTION; SEA AB We present a new measurement of the difference between the nucleon strange and antistrange quark distributions from dimuon events recorded by the NuTeV experiment at Fermilab. This analysis is the first to use a complete next to leading order QCD description of charm production from neutrino scattering. Dimuon events in neutrino deep inelastic scattering allow direct and independent study of the strange and antistrange content of the nucleon. We find a positive strange asymmetry with a significance of 1.6 sigma. We also report a new measurement of the charm mass. C1 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Mason, D (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bernstein, Robert/0000-0002-7610-950X NR 34 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 192001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.192001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500022 PM 18233069 ER PT J AU Mertes, KM Merrill, JW Carretero-Gonzalez, R Frantzeskakis, DJ Kevrekidis, PG Hall, DS AF Mertes, K. M. Merrill, J. W. Carretero-Gonzalez, R. Frantzeskakis, D. J. Kevrekidis, P. G. Hall, D. S. TI Nonequilibrium dynamics and superfluid ring excitations in binary bose-einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; SPIN DOMAINS; MIXTURES; STABILITY; ATOMS; STATE AB We revisit a classic study [D. S. Hall , Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1539 (1998)] of interpenetrating Bose-Einstein condensates in the hyperfine states |F=1,m(f)=-1 >equivalent to|1 > and |F=2,m(f)=+1 >equivalent to|2 > of Rb-87 and observe striking new nonequilibrium component separation dynamics in the form of oscillating ringlike structures. The process of component separation is not significantly damped, a finding that also contrasts sharply with earlier experimental work, allowing a clean first look at a collective excitation of a binary superfluid. We further demonstrate extraordinary quantitative agreement between theoretical and experimental results using a multicomponent mean-field model with key additional features: the inclusion of atomic losses and the careful characterization of trap potentials (at the level of a fraction of a percent). C1 Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mertes, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 190402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.190402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500002 PM 18233049 ER PT J AU Miernik, K Dominik, W Janas, Z Pfutzner, M Grigorenko, L Bingham, CR Czyrkowski, H Cwiok, M Darby, IG Dabrowski, R Ginter, T Grzywacz, R Karny, M Korgul, A Kusmierz, W Liddick, SN Rajabali, M Rykaczewski, K Stolz, A AF Miernik, K. Dominik, W. Janas, Z. Pfutzner, M. Grigorenko, L. Bingham, C. R. Czyrkowski, H. Cwiok, M. Darby, I. G. Dabrowski, R. Ginter, T. Grzywacz, R. Karny, M. Korgul, A. Kusmierz, W. Liddick, S. N. Rajabali, M. Rykaczewski, K. Stolz, A. TI Two-proton correlations in the decay of Fe-45 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTON DRIP-LINE; NUCLEI; RADIOACTIVITY; SHELL AB The decay of extremely neutron-deficient Fe-45 has been studied in detail by means of a novel type of a gaseous detector employing digital imaging to record tracks of charged particles. The two-proton radioactivity channel was clearly identified. For the first time, the angular and energy correlations between two protons emitted from the nuclear ground state were determined, indicating the genuine three-body character of this decay. The half-life of Fe-45 was found to be 2.6 +/- 0.2 ms and the observed 2p decay branching ratio is 70 +/- 4%. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miernik, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 22 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 192501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.192501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500024 PM 18233071 ER PT J AU Park, JK Schaffer, MJ Menard, JE Boozer, AH AF Park, Jong-kyu Schaffer, Michael J. Menard, Jonathan E. Boozer, Allen H. TI Control of asymmetric magnetic perturbations in tokamaks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ERROR-FIELD; DIII-D; PLASMAS; MODE AB The sensitivity of tokamak plasmas to very small deviations from the axisymmetry of the magnetic field |delta B/B|approximate to 10(-4) is well known. What was not understood until very recently is the importance of the perturbation to the plasma equilibrium in assessing the effects of externally produced asymmetries in the magnetic field, even far from a stability limit. DIII-D and NSTX experiments find that when the deleterious effects of asymmetries are mitigated, the external asymmetric field was often made stronger and had an increased interaction with the magnetic field of the unperturbed equilibrium. This Letter explains these counterintuitive results. The explanation using ideal perturbed equilibria has important implications for the control of field errors in all toroidal plasmas. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Park, JK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 16 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 195003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.195003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500036 PM 18233083 ER PT J AU Petrik, NG Kimmel, GA AF Petrik, Nikolay G. Kimmel, Greg A. TI Hydrogen bonding, H-D exchange, and molecular mobility in thin water films on TiO2(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; ADSORPTION AB Hydrogen bonding, H-D exchange, and molecular mixing in water films on TiO2(110) have been studied using water electron-stimulated desorption. For T < 70 K, films with different water isotopes adsorbed on the Ti4+ and bridging oxygen rows can be prepared. For T > 70 K, H-D and molecular exchange between these "layers" occur with a distribution of activation energies and is surprisingly efficient. The results demonstrate that all the water molecules that are directly bound to TiO2(110)-i.e., in the first and second monolayers-are also hydrogen bonded to each other. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kimmel, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Mail Stop K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Petrik, Nikolay/G-3267-2015; OI Petrik, Nikolay/0000-0001-7129-0752; Kimmel, Greg/0000-0003-4447-2440 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 196103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500040 PM 18233087 ER PT J AU Smadici, S Abbamonte, P Bhattacharya, A Zhai, XF Jiang, B Rusydi, A Eckstein, JN Bader, SD Zuo, JM AF Smadici, Serban Abbamonte, Peter Bhattacharya, Anand Zhai, Xiaofang Jiang, Bin Rusydi, Andrivo Eckstein, James N. Bader, Samuel D. Zuo, Jian-Min TI Electronic reconstruction at SrMnO3-LaMnO3 superlattice interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION AB We use resonant soft-x-ray scattering (RSXS) to study the electronic reconstruction at the interface between the Mott insulator LaMnO3 and the band insulator SrMnO3. Superlattices of these two insulators were shown previously to have both ferromagnetism and metallic tendencies [Koida , Phys. Rev. B 66, 144418 (2002)]. By studying a judiciously chosen superlattice reflection, we show that the interface density of states exhibits a pronounced peak at the Fermi level, similar to that predicted in related titanate superlattices by Okamoto et al. [Phys. Rev. B 70, 241104(R) (2004)]. The intensity of this peak correlates with the conductivity and magnetization, suggesting it is the driver of metallic behavior. Our study demonstrates a general strategy for using RSXS to probe the electronic properties of heterostructure interfaces. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Appl Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. RP Smadici, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011; Rusydi, Andrivo/I-1849-2016 OI Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860; NR 26 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 196404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500048 PM 18233095 ER PT J AU Yamaura, K Arai, M Sato, A Karki, AB Young, DP Movshovich, R Okamoto, S Mandrus, D Takayama-Muromachi, E AF Yamaura, K. Arai, M. Sato, A. Karki, A. B. Young, D. P. Movshovich, R. Okamoto, S. Mandrus, D. Takayama-Muromachi, E. TI NaV2O4: A quasi-1D metallic antiferromagnet with half-metallic chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; TRANSITION AB NaV2O4 crystals were grown under high pressure using a NaCl flux, and the crystals were characterized with x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, and magnetization. The structure of NaV2O4 consists of double chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra. The resistivity is highly anisotropic, with the resistivity perpendicular to the chains more than 20 times greater than that parallel to the chains. Magnetically, the intrachain interactions are ferromagnetic and the interchain interactions are antiferromagnetic; 3D antiferromagnetic order is established at 140 K. First-principles electronic structure calculations indicate that the chains are half-metallic. Interestingly, the case of NaV2O4 seems to be a quasi-1D analogue of what was found for half-metallic materials. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM YAMAURA.Kazunari@nims.go.jp RI Okamoto, Satoshi/G-5390-2011; Arai, Masao/F-9098-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Okamoto, Satoshi/0000-0002-0493-7568; Arai, Masao/0000-0003-0088-5649; NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 196601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500050 PM 18233097 ER PT J AU Yan, JQ Zhou, JS Goodenough, JB Ren, Y Cheng, JG Chang, S Zarestky, J Garlea, O Liobet, A Zhou, HD Sui, Y Su, WH McQueeney, RJ AF Yan, J. -Q. Zhou, J. -S. Goodenough, J. B. Ren, Y. Cheng, J. G. Chang, S. Zarestky, J. Garlea, O. Liobet, A. Zhou, H. D. Sui, Y. Su, W. H. McQueeney, R. J. TI Orbital fluctuations and orbital flipping in RVO3 perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATION DISORDER; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; DISTORTIONS; ORDER; YVO3 AB The effect of the average R-site ionic radius < IR > and variance on the orbital and magnetic order in R3+-doped YVO3 was studied in Y1-xLaxVO3 and Y1-x(La0.2337Lu0.7663)(x)VO3 with fixed < IR >. The orbital flipping temperature T-CG increases nonlinearly with increasing R-site variance, indicating that the V-O-V bond angle is not the primary driving force stabilizing the C-type orbitally ordered phase. The suppressed thermal conductivity in the G-type orbitally ordered phase signals some remaining orbital randomness that is enhanced by t(2) and et hybridization in T-3(1g) site symmetry. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Condensed Matter, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cheng, JG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Cheng, Jinguang/A-8342-2012; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 19 AR 197201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.197201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 229NI UT WOS:000250810500061 PM 18233108 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Abreu, P Aglietta, M Aguirre, C Allard, D Allekotte, I Allen, J Allison, P Alvarez, C Alvarez-Muniz, J Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Andringa, S Anzalone, A Aramo, C Argiro, S Arisaka, K Armengaud, E Arneodo, F Arqueros, F Asch, T Asorey, H Assis, P Atulugama, BS Aublin, J Ave, M Avila, G Backer, T Badagnani, D Barbosa, AF Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Bauleo, P Beatty, J Beau, T Becker, BR Becker, KH Bellido, JA BenZvi, S Berat, C Bergmann, T Bernardini, P Bertou, X Biermann, PL Billoir, P Blanch-Bigas, O Blanco, F Blasi, P Bleve, C Blumer, H Bohacova, M Bonifazi, C Bonino, R Boratav, M Brack, J Brogueira, P Brown, WC Buchholz, P Bueno, A Busca, NG Caballero-Mora, KS Cai, B Camin, DV Caruso, R Carvalho, W Castellina, A Catalano, O Cataldi, G Cazon-Boado, L Cester, R Chauvin, J Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chou, A Chye, J Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Colombo, E Conceicao, R Connolly, B Contreras, F Coppens, J Cordier, A Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Creusot, A Cronin, J Dagoret-Campagne, S Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Almeida, RM De Donato, C de Jong, SJ De la Vega, G de Mello, JM de Mello, JRT De Mitri, I de Souza, V del Peral, L Deligny, O Della Selva, A Delle Fratte, C Dembinski, H Di Giulio, C Diaz, JC Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivo, JC Dornic, D Dorofeev, A dos Anjos, JC Dova, MT D'Urso, D DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, L Erdmann, M Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A San Luis, PF Falcke, H Farrar, G Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Farrar, G Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Ferrer, F Ferry, S Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fleck, I Fonte, R Fracchiolla, CE Fulgione, W Garcia, B Gamez, DG Garcia-Pinto, D Garrido, X Geenen, H Gelmini, G Gemmeke, H Ghia, PL Giller, M Glass, H Gold, MS Golup, G Albarracin, FG Berisso, MG Herrero, RG Goncalves, P do Amaral, MG Gonzalez, D Gonzalez, JG Gonzalez, M Gora, D Gorgi, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, A Grunfeld, C Guardincerri, Y Guarino, F Guedes, GP Gutierrez, J Hague, JD Hamilton, JC Hansen, P Harari, D Harmsma, S Harton, JL Haungs, A Hauschildt, T Healy, MD Hebbeker, T Heck, D Hojvat, C Holmes, VC Homola, P Horandel, J Horneffer, A Horvat, M Hrabovsky, M Huege, T Iarlori, M Insolia, A Ionita, F Italiano, A Kaducak, M Kampert, KH Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Kieckhafer, RM Klages, HO Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapik, R Knapp, J Koang, DH Kopmann, A Krieger, A Kromer, D Kumpel, D Kunka, N Kusenko, A La Rosa, G Lachaud, C Lago, BL Lebrun, D LeBrun, P Lee, J Leigui de Oliveira, MA Letessier-Selvon, A Leuthold, M Lhenry-Yvon, I Lopez, R Aguera, AL Bahilo, JL Maccarone, MC Macolino, C Maldera, S Malek, M Mancarella, G Mancenido, ME Mandat, D Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Maris, IC Martello, D Martinez, J Bravo, OM Mathes, HJ Matthiae, G Maurizio, D Mazur, PO McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, MC Medina-Tanco, G Meli, A Melo, D Menichetti, E Menschikov, A Meurer, C Meyhandan, R Micheletti, MI Miele, G Miller, W Mollerach, S Monasor, M Ragaigne, DM Montanet, F Morales, B Morello, C Moreno, E Moreno, JC Morris, C Mostafa, M Muller, MA Mussa, R Navarra, G Navarro, JL Navas, S Nellen, L Newman-Holmes, C Newton, D Thi, TN Nierstenhofer, N Nitz, D Nosek, D Nozka, L Oehlschlager, J Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Olmos-Gilbaja, VM Ortiz, M Ostapchenko, S Otero, L Selmi-Dei, DP Palatka, M Pallotta, J Parente, G Parizot, E Parlati, S Pastor, S Patel, M Paul, T Pavlidou, V Payet, K Pech, M Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perrone, L Petrera, S Petrinca, P Petrov, Y Ngoc, DP Ngoc, DP Thi, TNP Pichel, A Piegaia, R Pierog, T Pimenta, M Pinto, T Pirronello, V Pisanti, O Platino, M Pochon, J Porter, TA Privitera, P Prouza, M Quel, EJ Rautenberg, J Reucroft, S Revenu, B Rezende, FAS Ridky, J Riggi, S Risse, M Riviere, C Rizi, V Roberts, M Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Frias, D Martino, JR Rojo, JR Rodriguez-Cabo, I Ros, G Rosado, J Roth, M Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B Roulet, E Rovero, AC Salamida, F Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M Santo, CE Santos, EM Sarazin, F Sarkar, S Sato, R Scherini, V Schieler, H Schmidt, F Schmidt, T Scholten, O Schovanek, P Schussler, F Sciutto, SJ Scuderi, M Segreto, A Semikoz, D Settimo, M Shellard, RC Sidelnik, I Siffert, BB Sigl, G De Grande, NS Smialkowski, A Smida, R Smith, AGK Smith, BE Snow, GR Sokolsky, P Sommers, P Sorokin, J Spinka, H Squartini, R Strazzeri, E Stutz, A Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, AD Sutherland, MS Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Takahashi, J Tamashiro, A Tamburro, A Tascau, O Tcaciuc, R Thomas, D Ticona, R Tiffenberg, J Timmermans, C Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJ Tome, B Tonachini, A Torresi, D Travnicek, P Tripathi, A Tristram, G Tscherniakhovski, D Tueros, M Tunnicliffe, V Ulrich, R Unger, M Urban, M Galicia, JFV Valino, I Valore, L van den Berg, AM van Elewyck, V Vazquez, RA Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Venters, T Verzi, V Videla, M Villasenor, L Vorobiov, S Voyvodic, L Wahlberg, H Wainberg, O Waldenmaier, T Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Westerhoff, S Wieczorek, G Wiencke, L Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wileman, C Winnick, MG Wu, H Wundheiler, B Xu, J Yamamoto, T Younk, P Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zech, A Zepeda, A Ziolkowski, M AF Abraham, J. 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CA Pierre Auger Collaboration TI Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM AB Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within similar to 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources. C1 Univ Tecnol Nacl Reg Mendoza & San Rafael, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. 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Univ Fed ABC, BR-09210170 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Charles Univ Prague, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Fed Bahia, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1128 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Pierre Auger So Observ, Avenida San Martin Norte 304, RA-5613 Mendoza, Argentina. 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D'Urso, Domenico/0000-0002-8215-4542; Brogueira, Pedro/0000-0001-6069-4073; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Kopmann, Andreas/0000-0002-2362-3943; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Gomez-Herrero, Raul/0000-0002-5705-9236; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-4683-230X; Del Peral, Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Coutu, Stephane/0000-0003-2923-2246; Santander, Juan Marcos/0000-0001-7297-8217; Horandel, Jorg/0000-0001-6604-547X; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Garcia, Beatriz/0000-0003-0919-2734; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288; Petrera, Sergio/0000-0002-6029-1255; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Rizi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Segreto, Alberto/0000-0001-7341-6603; Torresi, Domenico/0000-0002-6043-6178; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; La Rosa, Giovanni/0000-0002-3931-2269; Asorey, Hernan/0000-0002-4559-8785; Andringa, Sofia/0000-0002-6397-9207; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Aramo, Carla/0000-0002-8412-3846; Navarro Quirante, Jose Luis/0000-0002-9915-1735; Maccarone, Maria Concetta/0000-0001-8722-0361; Castellina, Antonella/0000-0002-0045-2467; maldera, simone/0000-0002-0698-4421; Matthews, James/0000-0002-1832-4420; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908 NR 23 TC 489 Z9 500 U1 8 U2 86 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5852 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1126/science.1151124 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229FM UT WOS:000250788500033 ER PT J AU Akoury, D Kreidi, K Jahnke, T Weber, T Staudte, A Schoffler, M Neumann, N Titze, J Schmidt, LPH Czasch, A Jagutzki, O Fraga, RAC Grisenti, RE Muino, RD Cherepkov, NA Semenov, SK Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL Osipov, T Adaniya, H Thompson, JC Prior, MH Belkacem, A Landers, AL Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Akoury, D. Kreidi, K. Jahnke, T. Weber, Th. Staudte, A. Schoeffler, M. Neumann, N. Titze, J. Schmidt, L. Ph. H. Czasch, A. Jagutzki, O. Costa Fraga, R. A. Grisenti, R. E. Diez Muino, R. Cherepkov, N. A. Semenov, S. K. Ranitovic, P. Cocke, C. L. Osipov, T. Adaniya, H. Thompson, J. C. Prior, M. H. Belkacem, A. Landers, A. L. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Doerner, R. TI The simplest double slit: Interference and entanglement in double photoionization of H-2 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON; MOLECULE; DECOHERENCE; ATOM; DISSOCIATION; ELECTRONS; DYNAMICS; PARTICLE; N-2 AB The wave nature of particles is rarely observed, in part because of their very short de Broglie wavelengths in most situations. However, even with wavelengths close to the size of their surroundings, the particles couple to their environment (for example, by gravity, Coulomb interaction, or thermal radiation). These couplings shift the wave phases, often in an uncontrolled way, and the resulting decoherence, or loss of phase integrity, is thought to be a main cause of the transition from quantum to classical behavior. How much interaction is needed to induce this transition? Here we show that a photoelectron and two protons form a minimum particle/ slit system and that a single additional electron constitutes a minimum environment. Interference fringes observed in the angular distribution of a single electron are lost through its Coulomb interaction with a second electron, though the correlated momenta of the entangled electron pair continue to exhibit quantum interference. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Dorner, R (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM doerner@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Diez Muino, Ricardo/C-9203-2009; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013 OI Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Diez Muino, Ricardo/0000-0001-8593-0327; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; NR 32 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5852 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.1126/science.1144959 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229FM UT WOS:000250788500035 PM 17991857 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, Y Zinkle, SJ AF Matsukawa, Yoshitaka Zinkle, Steven J. TI One-dimensional fast migration of vacancy clusters in metals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SELF-ORGANIZATION; DEFECTS; COPPER; ACCUMULATION; CASCADES; MOBILITY; ENERGY; GLIDE; LOOPS AB The migration of point defects, for example, crystal lattice vacancies and self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), typically occurs through three-dimensional random walk in crystalline solids. However, when vacancies and SIAs agglomerate to form planar clusters, the migration mode may change. We observed nanometer-sized clusters of vacancies exhibiting one-dimensional (1D) fast migration. The 1D migration transported a vacancy cluster containing several hundred vacancies with a mobility higher than that of a single vacancy random walk and a mobility comparable to a single SIA random walk. Moreover, we found that the 1D migration may be a key physical mechanism for self-organization of nanometer-sized sessile vacancy cluster ( stacking fault tetrahedron) arrays. Harnessing this 1D migration mode may enable new control of defect microstructures such as effective defect removal and introduction of ordered nanostructures in materials, including semiconductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Matsukawa, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bldg 408A,1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ym2@uiuc.edu RI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/C-2274-2011; OI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7888-3478; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 26 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5852 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1126/science.1148336 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229FM UT WOS:000250788500038 PM 17991860 ER PT J AU Manganas, LN Zhang, XY Li, Y Hazel, RD Smith, SD Wagshul, ME Henn, F Benveniste, H Djuric, PM Enikolopov, G Maletic-Savatic, M AF Manganas, Louis N. Zhang, Xueying Li, Yao Hazel, Raphael D. Smith, S. David Wagshul, Mark E. Henn, Fritz Benveniste, Helene Djuric, Petar M. Enikolopov, Grigori Maletic-Savatic, Mirjana TI Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; N-ACETYLASPARTATE; DENTATE GYRUS; ADULT BRAIN; NEUROGENESIS; STEM; PROLIFERATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; DECREASE; THERAPY AB The identification of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) by in vivo brain imaging could have important implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. We describe a metabolic biomarker for the detection and quantification of NPCs in the human brain in vivo. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and characterize a biomarker in which NPCs are enriched and demonstrated its use as a reference for monitoring neurogenesis. To detect low concentrations of NPCs in vivo, we developed a signal processing method that enabled the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of the NPC biomarker in both the rodent brain and the hippocampus of live humans. Our findings thus open the possibility of investigating the role of NPCs and neurogenesis in a wide variety of human brain disorders. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11719 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Enikolopov, G (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM enikolop@cshl.edu; mmaleticsava@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Enikolopov, Grigori/B-7771-2009 OI Enikolopov, Grigori/0000-0001-8178-8917 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T32DK07521-16, T32 DK007521]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008444]; NINDS NIH HHS [5K08 NS044276, K08 NS044276, K08 NS044276-01, R01 NS032764, R01-NS32764, R21 NS053875, R21 NS053875-01A1, R21NS05875-1] NR 28 TC 231 Z9 250 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5852 BP 980 EP 985 DI 10.1126/science.1147851 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 229FM UT WOS:000250788500045 PM 17991865 ER PT J AU Harrison, RJ Wilson, AK AF Harrison, Robert J. Wilson, Angela K. TI Tribute to Thom H. Dunning, Jr. SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 11167 EP 11168 DI 10.1021/jp077567n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 227GY UT WOS:000250646400001 PM 17973452 ER PT J AU Blake, TA Glendening, EA Sams, RL Sharpe, SW Xantheas, SS AF Blake, Thomas A. Glendening, Eric A. Sams, Robert L. Sharpe, Steven W. Xantheas, Sotiris S. TI High-resolution infrared Spectroscopy in the 1200-1300 cm-1 region and accurate theoretical estimates for the structure and ring-puckering barrier of perfluorocyclobutane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL ANHARMONICITY; HIGHER-DERIVATIVE METHODS; POTENTIAL FUNCTION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ROTATION INTERACTION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; RAMAN SPECTRA; CYCLOBUTANE; ENERGIES; MODES AB We present experimental infrared spectra and theoretical electronic structure results for the geometry, anharmonic vibrational frequencies, and accurate estimates of the magnitude and the origin of the ring-puckering barrier in C4F8. High-resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) spectra of the nu(12) and nu(13) parallel bands of perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) were recorded for the first time by expanding a 10% c-C4F8 in helium mixture in a supersonic jet. Both bands are observed to be rotationally resolved in a jet with a rotational temperature of 15 K. The nu(12) mode has b(2) symmetry under D-2d that correlates to a(2u), symmetry under D-4h and consequently has +/-<-+/- ring-puckering selection rules. A rigid rotor fit of the nu(12) band yields the origin at 1292.56031(2) cm I with B ' = 0.0354137(3) cm(-1) and B '' = 0.0354363(3) cm(-1). The nu(13) mode is of b(2) symmetry under D-2d that correlates to b(2g) under D-4h, and in this case, the ring-puckering selection rules are +/-<--/+. Rotational transitions from the ground and first excited torsional states will be separated by the torsional splitting in the around and excited vibrational states, and indeed, we observe a splitting of each transition into strong and weak intensity components with a separation of approximately 0.0018 cm(-1). The strong and weak sets of transitions were fit separately again using a rigid rotor model to give nu 13(strong) = 1240.34858(4) cm(-1), B ' = 0.0354192(7) cm(-1), and B '' = 0.0354355(7) cm(-1) and nu(13)(weak) = 1240.34674(5) cm(-1), B ' = 0.0354188(9) cm-1, and B '' = 0.0354360(7) cm(-1). High-level electronic structure calculations at the MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory with the family of correlation consistent basis sets of quadruple-zeta quality, developed by Dunning and co-workers, yield best estimates for the vibrationally averaged structural parameters r(C-C) = 1.568 angstrom, r(C-F)alpha = 1.340 angstrom, r(C-F)beta = 1.329 angstrom alpha(F-C-F) = 110.3 degrees, theta(z)(C-C-C) = 89.1 degrees, and delta(C-C-C-C) = 14.6 degrees and rotational constants of A = B = 0.03543 cm(-1) and C = 0.02898 cm(-1), the latter within 0.00002 cm(-1) from the experimentally determined values. Anhannonic vibrational frequencies computed using higher energy derivatives at the MP2 level of theory are all within < 27 cm(-1) (in most cases < 5 cm(-1)) from the experimentally measured fundamentals. Our best estimate for the ring-puckering barrier at the CCSD(T)/CBS (complete basis set) limit is 132 cm(-1). Analysis of the C4F8 electron density suggests that the puckering barrier arises principally from the sigma(cc ->)sigma(cF)* hyperconjugative interactions that are more strongly stabilizing in the puckered than in the planar form. These interactions are, however, somewhat weaker in C4F8 than in C4H8, a fact that is consistent with the smaller in the former (132 cm(-1)) with respect to the latter (498 cm(-1)). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Indiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, POB 999,MS K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 11328 EP 11341 DI 10.1021/jp072521f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 227GY UT WOS:000250646400021 PM 17616110 ER PT J AU Wigginton, NS Rosso, KM Hochella, MF AF Wigginton, Nicholas S. Rosso, Kevin M. Hochella, Michael F., Jr. TI Mechanisms of electron transfer in two decaheme cytochromes from a metal-reducing bacterium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; V-I CHARACTERISTICS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; REORGANIZATION ENERGY; MOLECULAR ADSORBATES; MULTICENTER ENZYMES; TRANSPORT FEATURES AB In this report, we analyze and interpret single-molecule current-voltage (I-V) tunneling spectra collected for two decaheme c-type cytochromes using a scanning tunneling microscope. The cytochrornes (OmcA and MtrC) are outer-membrane proteins from the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis and function as metal-reducing enzymes. Although the two cytochromes are similar in heme count, charge-carrying amino acid content, and molecular mass, their I-V spectra are significantly different. The I-V spectra for OmcA show smoothly varying symmetric exponential behavior. These spectra are well fit by a coherent tunneling model that is based on a simple square barrier description of the tunneling junction. In contrast, the I-V spectra for MtrC have significant breaks in slope in the positive tip bias range. Two large peaks in the normalized differential conductance spectra of MtrC were fit to a tunneling model that accounts for the possibility of transient population of empty states stabilized by vibrational relaxation. Reorganization energies deduced for the two features are similar to those normally assigned to metal centers in other metalloproteins. Work function measurements of the cytochrome films were used to convert the energies of these two spectral features to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) scale for comparison with the redox potential domain previously measured by protein film voltammetry, which showed good correspondence. We conclude that MtrC mediates tunneling current by discretely resolved heme orbital participation at -81 and -365 mV versus NHE. The difference in tunneling behavior between OmcA and MtrC suggests distinct physiological functions for the two cytochromes; in contrast to OmcA, MtrC appears to be tuned to a specific operating potential. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wigginton, NS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM wigginto@vt.edu RI Wigginton, Nicholas/F-1747-2011 OI Wigginton, Nicholas/0000-0001-9161-6131 NR 90 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 12857 EP 12864 DI 10.1021/jp0718698 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 227IQ UT WOS:000250650800032 PM 17939701 ER PT J AU Schwartzberg, AM Olson, TY Talley, CE Zhang, JZ AF Schwartzberg, Adam M. Olson, Tammy Y. Talley, Chad E. Zhang, Jin Z. TI Gold nanotubes synthesized via magnetic alignment of cobalt nanoparticles as templates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; NANOSPHERES; SILVER AB We report an aqueous solution-phase synthesis of continuous gold nanotubes with controllable shape, size, and length, tens of nm in diameter, a few nm in wall thickness, and up to 5 mu m in length. Alignment is induced by magnetic field manipulation and synthetic parameters using cobalt nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. Because of the ease with which magnetic fields may be manipulated, precise placement should be not only possible, but also relatively simple as compared to other methods. This approach represents an important alternative for producing one-dimensional metal nanotube structures. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16080 EP 16082 DI 10.1021/jp076034b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000003 ER PT J AU Ouyang, JY Ripmeester, JA Wu, XH Kingston, D Yu, K Joly, AG Chen, W AF Ouyang, Jianying Ripmeester, John A. Wu, Xiaohua Kingston, David Yu, Kui Joly, Alan G. Chen, Wei TI Upconversion luminescence of colloidal CdS and ZnCdS semiconductor quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; HIGH-QUALITY; SOLID-STATE; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Upconversion luminescence is observed from colloidal US and CdZnS quantum dots dispersed in hexanes. These binary and ternary nanocrystals were synthesized via noninjection approaches and at relatively low temperature and exhibit cubic crystal structures and narrow size distributions. The upconversion luminescence of these nanocrystal ensembles is similar to their corresponding photoluminescence emission, regarding peak shape, position, and dynamics. The upconversion luminescence yield exhibits a near-quadratic laser power dependence. Accordingly, our study indicates that the upconversion luminescence is due to two-photon excitation. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Yu, K (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. EM Kui.Yu@nre-cnrc.gc.ca; agjoly@pnl.gov; weichen@uta.edu RI ye, bin/K-7828-2012; 牛, 开心/C-3081-2014 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16261 EP 16266 DI 10.1021/jp074416b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000030 ER PT J AU Lane, CD Petrik, NG Orlando, TM Kimmel, GA AF Lane, Christopher D. Petrik, Nikolay G. Orlando, Thomas M. Kimmel, Greg A. TI Electron-stimulated oxidation of thin water films adsorbed on TiO2(110) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; RUTILE TIO2(110); OH GROUPS; SURFACE; DESORPTION; TIO2; H2O; HYDROGEN; ICE AB Electron-stimulated reactions in thin (<3 monolayer, ML) water films adsorbed on TiO2(110) are investigated. For electron fluences less than similar to 1 x 10(16) e(-)/cm(2), irradiation with 100 eV electrons results in electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of atomic hydrogen and small amounts of molecular hydrogen but no measurable O-2. The ESD results in oxygen enrichment ("oxidation") of the remaining film and oxidation of the oxygen vacancies originally present on the TiO2(110) surface. The postirradiation temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra of the remaining water change in characteristic ways. The species remaining on the TiO2(110) after irradiation of adsorbed water films are similar to those produced by codosing water and O-2 without irradiation. Annealing above similar to 600 K reduces the oxidized surface, and water TPD spectra characteristic of a reduced (i.e., ion-sputtered and vacuum annealed) TiO2(110) surface are recovered. The rate of electron-stimulated "oxidation" of the water films is proportional to the coverage of water in the first layer for coverages less than 1 ML. However, higher coverages suppress this reaction. When thin water films are irradiated, the rate of electron-stimulated oxidation is independent of the initial oxygen vacancy concentration, as is the final state achieved at high electron fluences. To explain the results, we propose that electron excitation of water molecules adsorbed on Ti4+ sites leads to dissociation and desorption of hydrogen atoms while leaving OHs adsorbed at those sites. If hydroxyls are present in the bridging oxygen rows, these react with the OHs on the Ti4+ sites to re-form water and heal the oxygen vacancy associated with the bridging OH. Once the bridging hydroxyls have been eliminated, further irradiation increases the concentration of OHs in the Ti4+ rows leading to the creation of species which block sites in the Ti4+ rows, perhaps H2O2 and/or HO2. The results show that electron-stimulated oxidation of the adsorbed water films via H atom ESD is considerably more efficient than electron-stimulated reduction of the TiO2 substrate due to O+ and O ESD: the ratio of the dissociation cross section of adsorbed water to the cross section for ESD of substrate oxygen is estimated to be similar to 18:1 for 100 eV electrons. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kimmel, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Mail Stop K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregory.kimmel@pnl.gov RI Petrik, Nikolay/G-3267-2015 OI Petrik, Nikolay/0000-0001-7129-0752 NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16319 EP 16329 DI 10.1021/jp072479o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000038 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Stair, PC Rugmini, S Jackson, SD AF Wu, Zili Stair, Peter C. Rugmini, Sreekala Jackson, S. David TI Raman spectroscopic study of V/theta-Al(2)O(3) catalysts: quantification of surface vanadia species and their structure reduced by hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU RAMAN; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; METAL-OXIDE CATALYSTS; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; BUTANE OXIDATION; UV; ALUMINA AB Two interesting topics about supported vanadia catalysts were studied using in situ UV and visible Raman and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS): The quantification of different surface vanadia species and the hydrogen reduction of these vanadia species. Using the diffuse reflectance value as an external standard, we could correct the Raman intensity measurements of V/theta-Al(2)O(3) for the self-absorption effect. On the basis of the ability to selectively detect monovanadate (UV-excited), polyvanadate (visible-excited), and V(2)O(5) (visible-excited) in the Raman measurements, the distribution of monovanadate, polyvanadate, and V(2)O(5) present on dehydrated V/theta-Al(2)O(3) samples was successfully quantified as a function of surface VO(x) density. It is shown that monovanadate species are present at all surface VO(x) densities studied but are the dominant species at low surface VO(x) density. Polyvanadate and V(2)O(5) are also present and predominate on the surface at intermediate and high surface VO(x) density. The UV- and visible-excited Raman studies of the V/theta-Al(2)O(3) samples reduced in hydrogen show that polyvanadate and V205 are more easily reduced than monovanadate species. UV Raman is better able to obtain information on reduced vanadia species than visible Raman, mainly because of a decrease in self-absorption and resonance enhancement in the UV region. Comparison of the UV Raman spectra from reduced V/theta-Al(2)O(3) with bulk vanadium oxide compounds suggests that reduced VO(x) species can assume a V(2)O(3)-like form. The reduced VO(x) species redisperse on the support surface upon reoxidation. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Catalysis & Energy Processing, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Stair, PC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM pstair@northwestern.edu RI Jackson, Samuel/F-8095-2011; Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012 OI Jackson, Samuel/0000-0003-1257-5533; Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240 NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16460 EP 16469 DI 10.1021/jp074223o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000056 ER PT J AU Olson, DC Lee, YJ White, MS Kopidakis, N Shaheen, SE Ginley, DS Voigt, JA Hsu, JWP AF Olson, Dana C. Lee, Yun-Ju White, Matthew S. Kopidakis, Nikos Shaheen, Sean E. Ginley, David S. Voigt, James A. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Effect of polymer processing on the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO nanorod photovoltaic devices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE SEPARATION EFFICIENCY; CONJUGATED POLYMER; EXCITON DIFFUSION; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MESOPOROUS TITANIA; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; POLYTHIOPHENE; MOBILITY AB Effective infiltration of the polymer into the nanostructured oxide is critical for optimizing the performance of hybrid pi-conjugated polymer/nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor photovoltaic devices. We investigated the effect of polymer processing parameters, solvent selection, and thermal annealing on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO nanorod photovoltaic devices and found that these play an important role in the degree of polymer infiltration and the subsequent device performance. We demonstrate that using dichlorobenzene as a solvent produced better performance devices than using chloroform. In addition, the infiltration of P3HT into the ZnO nanorod array has been improved through annealing and subsequent slow cooling. Time-resolved microwave conductivity studies reveal an increase in the photoconductivity of the composite devices with annealing, resulting, from changes in both the polymer and ZnO. The device performance was shown to increase with enhanced infiltration, and the devices that had been slow cooled from melt at 225 degrees C demonstrated a V-OC of 440 mV, a J(SC) of 1.33 mA/cm(2), a fill factor of 48%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.28%. In contrast to previously published results on P3HT infiltrated into mesoporous TiO2 (Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3380), we found that the device performance improves with increasing amount of the polymer embedded in the ZnO arrays, through proper solvent selection and polymer processing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Olson, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dolson@sandia.gov RI White, Matthew/B-3405-2013; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 OI White, Matthew/0000-0001-6719-790X; NR 37 TC 197 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16640 EP 16645 DI 10.1021/jp0757816 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000079 ER PT J AU Olson, DC Shaheen, SE Collins, RT Ginley, DS AF Olson, Dana C. Shaheen, Sean E. Collins, Reuben T. Ginley, David S. TI The effect of atmosphere and ZnO morphology on the performance of hybrid poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO nanofiber photovoltaic devices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZINC-OXIDE SURFACE; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; CONJUGATED POLYMER; SEMICONDUCTOR OXIDES; MESOPOROUS TITANIA; ALUMINUM CATHODE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS AB We present detailed investigations of the fabrication and characterization of photovoltaic devices consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) intercalated into a mesoporous structure of ZnO nanofibers. ZnO nanofibers were grown via a low-temperature hydrothermal route from a solution of zinc nitrate precursor. P3HT was spin-coated on top of the structure, and intercalation into the voids between the nanofibers was induced with annealing. A silver electrode was used as the top contact. Spin-coating, storage, and testing of the device were performed in air. We discuss the effects of atmosphere and ZnO nanofiber morphology on device performance. Optimized nanofiber devices exhibited a 4-fold increase in the short circuit current (2.17 mA/ cm(2)) as compared to that of a planar ZnO-P3HT bilayer device (0.52 mA/cm(2)) as a result of the increased donor-acceptor interfacial area. The efficiency of the nanofiber based device under I sun-simulated solar illumination was 0.53% and was found to increase at higher incident light intensities, reaching a value of 0.61 % at 2.5 suns. Additionally, we found that for these devices fabrication in and exposure to air is required to obtain good diode characteristics. We also show that the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures in the nanocomposite directly impacts device performance. Treatment of the ZnO surface using surfactants increased the open circuit voltage at the expense of the short circuit current; however, there was little effect on overall device efficiency. Because of the inverted geometry of this device that allowed for the use of a silver top contact, the device was not susceptible to oxidative degradation when stored in the dark. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ginley, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Collins, Reuben/O-2545-2014 OI Collins, Reuben/0000-0001-7910-3819 NR 52 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 7 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 44 BP 16670 EP 16678 DI 10.1021/jp0734225 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 227HE UT WOS:000250647000083 ER PT J AU Drell, SD AF Drell, Sidney D. TI Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919-2007) - Obituary SO NATURE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Hoover Inst War Revolut & Peace, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Drell, SD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM drell@slac.stanford.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7167 BP 182 EP 182 DI 10.1038/450182a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 228RC UT WOS:000250746200035 PM 17994080 ER PT J AU Clark, AG Eisen, MB Smith, DR Bergman, CM Oliver, B Markow, TA Kaufman, TC Kellis, M Gelbart, W Iyer, VN Pollard, DA Sackton, TB Larracuente, AM Singh, ND Abad, JP Abt, DN Adryan, B Aguade, M Akashi, H Anderson, WW Aquadro, CF Ardell, DH Arguello, R Artieri, CG Barbash, DA Barker, D Barsanti, P Batterham, P Batzoglou, S Begun, D Bhutkar, A Blanco, E Bosak, SA Bradley, RK Brand, AD Brent, MR Brooks, AN Brown, RH Butlin, RK Caggese, C Calvi, BR de Carvalho, AB Caspi, A Castrezana, S Celniker, SE Chang, JL Chapple, C Chatterji, S Chinwalla, A Civetta, A Clifton, SW Comeron, JM Costello, JC Coyne, JA Daub, J David, RG Delcher, AL Delehaunty, K Do, CB Ebling, H Edwards, K Eickbush, T Evans, JD Filipski, A Findeiss, S Freyhult, E Fulton, L Fulton, R Garcia, ACL Gardiner, A Garfield, DA Garvin, BE Gibson, G Gilbert, D Gnerre, S Godfrey, J Good, R Gotea, V Gravely, B Greenberg, AJ Griffiths-Jones, S Gross, S Guigo, R Gustafson, EA Haerty, W Hahn, MW Halligan, DL Halpern, AL Halter, GM Han, MV Heger, A Hillier, L Hinrichs, AS Holmes, I Hoskins, RA Hubisz, MJ Hultmark, D Huntley, MA Jaffe, DB Jagadeeshan, S Jeck, WR Johnson, J Jones, CD Jordan, WC Karpen, GH Kataoka, E Keightley, PD Kheradpour, P Kirkness, EF Koerich, LB Kristiansen, K Kudrna, D Kulathinal, RJ Kumar, S Kwok, R Lander, E Langley, CH Lapoint, R Lazzaro, BP Lee, SJ Levesque, L Li, RQ Lin, CF Lin, MF Lindblad-Toh, K Llopart, A Long, MY Low, L Lozovsky, E Lu, J Luo, MH Machado, CA Makalowski, W Marzo, M Matsuda, M Matzkin, L McAllister, B McBride, CS McKernan, B McKernan, K Mendez-Lago, M Minx, P Mollenhauer, MU Montooth, K Mount, SM Mu, X Myers, E Negre, B Newfeld, S Nielsen, R Noor, MAF O'Grady, P Pachter, L Papaceit, M Parisi, MJ Parisi, M Parts, L Pedersen, JS Pesole, G Phillippy, AM Ponting, CP Pop, M Porcelli, D Powell, JR Prohaska, S Pruitt, K Puig, M Quesneville, H Ram, KR Rand, D Rasmussen, MD Reed, LK Reenan, R Reily, A Remington, KA Rieger, TT Ritchie, MG Robin, C Rogers, YH Rohde, C Rozas, J Rubenfield, MJ Ruiz, A Russo, S Salzberg, SL Sanchez-Gracia, A Saranga, DJ Sato, H Schaeffer, SW Schatz, MC Schlenke, T Schwartz, R Segarra, C Singh, RS Sirot, L Sirota, M Sisneros, NB Smith, CD Smith, TF Spieth, J Stage, DE Stark, A Stephan, W Strausberg, RL Strempel, S Sturgill, D Sutton, G Sutton, GG Tao, W Teichmann, S Tobari, YN Tomimura, Y Tsolas, JM Valente, VLS Venter, E Venter, JC Vicario, S Vieira, FG Vilella, AJ Villasante, A Walenz, B Wang, J Wasserman, M Watts, T Wilson, D Wilson, RK Wing, RA Wolfner, MF Wong, A Wong, GKS Wu, CI Wu, G Yamamoto, D Yang, HP Yang, SP Yorke, JA Yoshida, K Zdobnov, E Zhang, PL Zhang, Y Zimin, AV Baldwin, J Abdouelleil, A Abdulkadir, J Abebe, A Abera, B Abreu, J Acer, SC Aftuck, L Alexander, A An, P Anderson, E Anderson, S Arachi, H Azer, M Bachantsang, P Barry, A Bayul, T Berlin, A Bessette, D Bloom, T Blye, J Boguslavskiy, L Bonnet, C Boukhgalter, B Bourzgui, I Brown, A Cahill, P Channer, S Cheshatsang, Y Chuda, L Citroen, M Collymore, A Cooke, P Costello, M D'Aco, K Daza, R De Haan, G DeGray, S DeMaso, C Dhargay, N Dooley, K Dooley, E Doricent, M Dorje, P Dorjee, K Dupes, A Elong, R Falk, J Farina, A Faro, S Ferguson, D Fisher, S Foley, CD Franke, A Friedrich, D Gadbois, L Gearin, G Gearin, CR Giannoukos, G Goode, T Graham, J Grandbois, E Grewal, S Gyaltsen, K Hafez, N Hagos, B Hall, J Henson, C Hollinger, A Honan, T Huard, MD Hughes, L Hurhula, B Husby, ME Kamat, A Kanga, B Kashin, S Khazanovich, D Kisner, P Lance, K Lara, M Lee, W Lennon, N Letendre, F LeVine, R Lipovsky, A Liu, XH Liu, JL Liu, ST Lokyitsang, T Lokyitsang, Y Lubonja, R Lui, A MacDonald, P Magnisalis, V Maru, K Matthews, C McCusker, W McDonough, S Mehta, T Meldrim, J Meneus, L Mihai, O Mihalev, A Mihova, T Mittelman, R Mlenga, V Montmayeur, A Mulrain, L Navidi, A Naylor, J Negash, T Nguyen, T Nguyen, N Nicol, R Norbu, C Norbu, N Novod, N O'Neill, B Osman, S Markiewicz, E Oyono, OL Patti, C Phunkhang, P Pierre, F Priest, M Raghuraman, S Rege, F Reyes, R Rise, C Rogov, P Ross, K Ryan, E Settipalli, S Shea, T Sherpa, N Shi, L Shih, D Sparrow, T Spaulding, J Stalker, J Stange-Thomann, N Stavropoulos, S Stone, C Strader, C Tesfaye, S Thomson, T Thoulutsang, Y Thoulutsang, D Topham, K Topping, I Tsamla, T Vassiliev, H Vo, A Wangchuk, T Wangdi, T Weiand, M Wilkinson, J Wilson, A Yadav, S Young, G Yu, Q Zembek, L Zhong, D Zimmer, A Zwirko, Z Jaffe, DB Alvarez, P Brockman, W Butler, J Chin, C Gnerre, S Grabherr, M Kleber, M Mauceli, E MacCallum, I AF Clark, Andrew G. Eisen, Michael B. Smith, Douglas R. Bergman, Casey M. Oliver, Brian Markow, Therese A. Kaufman, Thomas C. Kellis, Manolis Gelbart, William Iyer, Venky N. Pollard, Daniel A. Sackton, Timothy B. Larracuente, Amanda M. Singh, Nadia D. Abad, Jose P. Abt, Dawn N. Adryan, Boris Aguade, Montserrat Akashi, Hiroshi Anderson, Wyatt W. Aquadro, Charles F. Ardell, David H. Arguello, Roman Artieri, Carlo G. Barbash, Daniel A. Barker, Daniel Barsanti, Paolo Batterham, Phil Batzoglou, Serafim Begun, Dave Bhutkar, Arjun Blanco, Enrico Bosak, Stephanie A. Bradley, Robert K. Brand, Adrianne D. Brent, Michael R. Brooks, Angela N. Brown, Randall H. Butlin, Roger K. Caggese, Corrado Calvi, Brian R. de Carvalho, A. Bernardo Caspi, Anat Castrezana, Sergio Celniker, Susan E. Chang, Jean L. Chapple, Charles Chatterji, Sourav Chinwalla, Asif Civetta, Alberto Clifton, Sandra W. Comeron, Josep M. Costello, James C. Coyne, Jerry A. Daub, Jennifer David, Robert G. Delcher, Arthur L. Delehaunty, Kim Do, Chuong B. Ebling, Heather Edwards, Kevin Eickbush, Thomas Evans, Jay D. Filipski, Alan Findeiss, Sven Freyhult, Eva Fulton, Lucinda Fulton, Robert Garcia, Ana C. L. Gardiner, Anastasia Garfield, David A. Garvin, Barry E. Gibson, Greg Gilbert, Don Gnerre, Sante Godfrey, Jennifer Good, Robert Gotea, Valer Gravely, Brenton Greenberg, Anthony J. Griffiths-Jones, Sam Gross, Samuel Guigo, Roderic Gustafson, Erik A. Haerty, Wilfried Hahn, Matthew W. Halligan, Daniel L. Halpern, Aaron L. Halter, Gillian M. Han, Mira V. Heger, Andreas Hillier, LaDeana Hinrichs, Angie S. Holmes, Ian Hoskins, Roger A. Hubisz, Melissa J. Hultmark, Dan Huntley, Melanie A. Jaffe, David B. Jagadeeshan, Santosh Jeck, William R. Johnson, Justin Jones, Corbin D. Jordan, William C. Karpen, Gary H. Kataoka, Eiko Keightley, Peter D. Kheradpour, Pouya Kirkness, Ewen F. Koerich, Leonardo B. Kristiansen, Karsten Kudrna, Dave Kulathinal, Rob J. Kumar, Sudhir Kwok, Roberta Lander, Eric Langley, Charles H. Lapoint, Richard Lazzaro, Brian P. Lee, So-Jeong Levesque, Lisa Li, Ruiqiang Lin, Chiao-Feng Lin, Michael F. Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin Llopart, Ana Long, Manyuan Low, Lloyd Lozovsky, Elena Lu, Jian Luo, Meizhong Machado, Carlos A. Makalowski, Wojciech Marzo, Mar Matsuda, Muneo Matzkin, Luciano McAllister, Bryant McBride, Carolyn S. McKernan, Brendan McKernan, Kevin Mendez-Lago, Maria Minx, Patrick Mollenhauer, Michael U. Montooth, Kristi Mount, Stephen M. Mu, Xu Myers, Eugene Negre, Barbara Newfeld, Stuart Nielsen, Rasmus Noor, Mohamed A. F. O'Grady, Patrick Pachter, Lior Papaceit, Montserrat Parisi, Matthew J. Parisi, Michael Parts, Leopold Pedersen, Jakob S. Pesole, Graziano Phillippy, Adam M. Ponting, Chris P. Pop, Mihai Porcelli, Damiano Powell, Jeffrey R. Prohaska, Sonja Pruitt, Kim Puig, Marta Quesneville, Hadi Ram, Kristipati Ravi Rand, David Rasmussen, Matthew D. Reed, Laura K. Reenan, Robert Reily, Amy Remington, Karin A. Rieger, Tania T. Ritchie, Michael G. Robin, Charles Rogers, Yu-Hui Rohde, Claudia Rozas, Julio Rubenfield, Marc J. Ruiz, Alfredo Russo, Susan Salzberg, Steven L. Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro Saranga, David J. Sato, Hajime Schaeffer, Stephen W. Schatz, Michael C. Schlenke, Todd Schwartz, Russell Segarra, Carmen Singh, Rama S. Sirot, Laura Sirota, Marina Sisneros, Nicholas B. Smith, Chris D. Smith, Temple F. Spieth, John Stage, Deborah E. Stark, Alexander Stephan, Wolfgang Strausberg, Robert L. Strempel, Sebastian Sturgill, David Sutton, Granger Sutton, Granger G. Tao, Wei Teichmann, Sarah Tobari, Yoshiko N. Tomimura, Yoshihiko Tsolas, Jason M. Valente, Vera L. S. Venter, Eli Venter, J. Craig Vicario, Saverio Vieira, Filipe G. Vilella, Albert J. Villasante, Alfredo Walenz, Brian Wang, Jun Wasserman, Marvin Watts, Thomas Wilson, Derek Wilson, Richard K. Wing, Rod A. Wolfner, Mariana F. Wong, Alex Wong, Gane Ka-Shu Wu, Chung-I Wu, Gabriel Yamamoto, Daisuke Yang, Hsiao-Pei Yang, Shiaw-Pyng Yorke, James A. Yoshida, Kiyohito Zdobnov, Evgeny Zhang, Peili Zhang, Yu Zimin, Aleksey V. Baldwin, Jennifer Abdouelleil, Amr Abdulkadir, Jamal Abebe, Adal Abera, Brikti Abreu, Justin Acer, St Christophe Aftuck, Lynne Alexander, Allen An, Peter Anderson, Erica Anderson, Scott Arachi, Harindra Azer, Marc Bachantsang, Pasang Barry, Andrew Bayul, Tashi Berlin, Aaron Bessette, Daniel Bloom, Toby Blye, Jason Boguslavskiy, Leonid Bonnet, Claude Boukhgalter, Boris Bourzgui, Imane Brown, Adam Cahill, Patrick Channer, Sheridon Cheshatsang, Yama Chuda, Lisa Citroen, Mieke Collymore, Alville Cooke, Patrick Costello, Maura D'Aco, Katie Daza, Riza De Haan, Georgius DeGray, Stuart DeMaso, Christina Dhargay, Norbu Dooley, Kimberly Dooley, Erin Doricent, Missole Dorje, Passang Dorjee, Kunsang Dupes, Alan Elong, Richard Falk, Jill Farina, Abderrahim Faro, Susan Ferguson, Diallo Fisher, Sheila Foley, Chelsea D. Franke, Alicia Friedrich, Dennis Gadbois, Loryn Gearin, Gary Gearin, Christina R. Giannoukos, Georgia Goode, Tina Graham, Joseph Grandbois, Edward Grewal, Sharleen Gyaltsen, Kunsang Hafez, Nabil Hagos, Birhane Hall, Jennifer Henson, Charlotte Hollinger, Andrew Honan, Tracey Huard, Monika D. Hughes, Leanne Hurhula, Brian Husby, M. Erii Kamat, Asha Kanga, Ben Kashin, Seva Khazanovich, Dmitry Kisner, Peter Lance, Krista Lara, Marcia Lee, William Lennon, Niall Letendre, Frances LeVine, Rosie Lipovsky, Alex Liu, Xiaohong Liu, Jinlei Liu, Shangtao Lokyitsang, Tashi Lokyitsang, Yeshi Lubonja, Rakela Lui, Annie MacDonald, Pen Magnisalis, Vasilia Maru, Kebede Matthews, Charles McCusker, William McDonough, Susan Mehta, Teena Meldrim, James Meneus, Louis Mihai, Oana Mihalev, Atanas Mihova, Tanya Mittelman, Rachel Mlenga, Valentine Montmayeur, Anna Mulrain, Leonidas Navidi, Adam Naylor, Jerome Negash, Tamrat Nguyen, Thu Nguyen, Nga Nicol, Robert Norbu, Choe Norbu, Nyima Novod, Nathaniel O'Neill, Barry Osman, Sahal Markiewicz, Eva Oyono, Otero L. Patti, Christopher Phunkhang, Pema Pierre, Fritz Priest, Margaret Raghuraman, Sujaa Rege, Filip Reyes, Rebecca Rise, Cecil Rogov, Peter Ross, Keenan Ryan, Elizabeth Settipalli, Sampath Shea, Terry Sherpa, Ngawang Shi, Lu Shih, Diana Sparrow, Todd Spaulding, Jessica Stalker, John Stange-Thomann, Nicole Stavropoulos, Sharon Stone, Catherine Strader, Christopher Tesfaye, Senait Thomson, Talene Thoulutsang, Yama Thoulutsang, Dawa Topham, Kerri Topping, Ira Tsamla, Tsamla Vassiliev, Helen Vo, Andy Wangchuk, Tsering Wangdi, Tsering Weiand, Michael Wilkinson, Jane Wilson, Adam Yadav, Shailendra Young, Geneva Yu, Qing Zembek, Lisa Zhong, Danni Zimmer, Andrew Zwirko, Zac Jaffe, David B. Alvarez, Pablo Brockman, Will Butler, Jonathan Chin, CheeWhye Gnerre, Sante Grabherr, Manfred Kleber, Michael Mauceli, Evan MacCallum, Iain CA Drosophila 12 Genomes Consor Broad Inst Genome Sequencing Broad Inst Whole Genome Ass TI Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; SYNONYMOUS CODON USAGE; ADAPTIVE PROTEIN EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MELANOGASTER GENOME; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATURAL-SELECTION; NONCODING DNA; FRUIT-FLY; DOSAGE COMPENSATION AB Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 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Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyorin Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo 1818611, Japan. Univ So Denmark, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Beijing Genom Inst ShenZhen, ShenZhen 518083, Peoples R China. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Mol Biol, Bioinformat Ctr, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Biochim & Biol Mol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. CNR, Ist Tecnol Biomed, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Inst Jacques Monod, Bioinformat & Genom Lab, F-75251 Paris, France. Brown Univ, Dept Mol Biol Cell Biol & Biochem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet, BR-68011 Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Acad Vitoria, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil. CSIC, Inst Cajal, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Biol, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. Inst Evolutionary Biol, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1580098, Japan. Shiba Gakuen, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050011, Japan. European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Tohoku Univ, Dept Dev Biol & Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hokkaido Univ, EESBIO, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Geneva, Fac Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Clark, AG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ac347@cornell.edu; mbeisen@lbl.gov; douglas.smith@agencourt.com; gelbart@morgan.harvard.edu; oliver@helix.nih.gov; tmarkow@public.arl.arizona.edu; kaufman@indiana.edu; manoli@mit.edu; venky@berkeley.edu; danielapollard@alum.bowdoin.edu; tbs7@cornell.edu; aml69@cornell.edu; nds25@cornell.edu RI McAllister, Bryant/A-3015-2008; Pedersen, Jakob/C-4985-2009; Vilella, Albert/A-8586-2008; Han, Mira/A-1808-2011; Brooks, Angela/B-6173-2011; Schaeffer, Stephen/B-1662-2010; Nielsen, Rasmus/D-4405-2009; Phelps, Steve/H-2263-2011; Halligan, Daniel/H-4459-2011; Ritchie, Michael/B-7714-2008; Koerich, Leonardo/B-8554-2008; Rozas, Julio/A-1733-2009; Machado, Carlos/B-8855-2009; Stark, Alexander/D-1473-2012; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; Kristiansen, Karsten/J-5148-2014; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Puig, Marta/F-7885-2016; Makalowski, Wojciech/I-2843-2016; Pedersen, Jakob/G-3382-2012; Pop, Mihai/A-7987-2013; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro/F-4686-2014; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Pesole, Graziano/E-9051-2014; Griffiths-Jones, Sam/H-2998-2014; Koerich, Leonardo/J-7004-2014; Robin, Charles/F-7786-2010; vicario, saverio/C-4427-2015; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/B-9464-2015; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Kumar, Sudhir/F-1411-2011; Bergman, Casey/F-7854-2010; Schwartz, Russell/A-1998-2016; Batterham, Philip/G-5914-2012; Comeron, Josep/G-6630-2012; Pesole, Graziano/C-1408-2009; Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Matzkin, Luciano/B-3168-2013; Graveley, Brenton/C-3108-2013; Negre, Barbara/F-2540-2013; Butlin, Roger/F-7709-2013; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/D-5402-2013; Ritchie, Michael/F-7055-2013; Valente, Vera/N-9031-2013; OI Nielsen, Rasmus/0000-0003-0513-6591; Koerich, Leonardo/0000-0002-5668-3934; Rozas, Julio/0000-0002-6839-9148; Machado, Carlos/0000-0003-1546-7415; Stark, Alexander/0000-0003-2611-0841; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; Kristiansen, Karsten/0000-0002-6024-0917; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Puig, Marta/0000-0002-4439-6372; Pedersen, Jakob/0000-0002-7236-4001; Pop, Mihai/0000-0001-9617-5304; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro/0000-0003-4543-4577; Mount, Steve/0000-0003-2748-8205; Sackton, Timothy/0000-0003-1673-9216; McKernan, Kevin/0000-0002-3908-1122; Schatz, Michael/0000-0002-4118-4446; Adryan, Boris/0000-0003-4588-7867; Vilella, Albert/0000-0002-2005-2516; Montmayeur, Anna/0000-0002-8132-1716; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Ravi Ram, Kristipati/0000-0002-7285-0077; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Pesole, Graziano/0000-0003-3663-0859; Griffiths-Jones, Sam/0000-0001-6043-807X; Robin, Charles/0000-0002-7733-6763; vicario, saverio/0000-0003-1140-0483; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/0000-0002-8464-7770; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Bergman, Casey/0000-0002-5462-9854; Schwartz, Russell/0000-0002-4970-2252; Batterham, Philip/0000-0001-9840-9119; Pesole, Graziano/0000-0003-3663-0859; Negre, Barbara/0000-0002-7333-3979; Butlin, Roger/0000-0003-4736-0954; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/0000-0001-8959-6469; Ritchie, Michael/0000-0001-7913-8675; Schaeffer, Stephen/0000-0003-2070-5342; Teichmann, Sarah/0000-0002-6294-6366; Bradley, Robert/0000-0002-8046-1063; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Hinrichs, Angie/0000-0002-1697-1130; Noor, Mohamed/0000-0002-5400-4408; Haerty, Wilfried/0000-0003-0111-191X; Ponting, Chris/0000-0003-0202-7816; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226; Segarra, Carmen/0000-0002-3201-5405; Heger, Andreas/0000-0001-7720-0447; Holmes, Ian/0000-0001-7639-5369; Gotea, Valer/0000-0001-7857-3309 NR 151 TC 960 Z9 3043 U1 32 U2 313 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7167 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1038/nature06341 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 228RC UT WOS:000250746200042 ER PT J AU Stark, A Lin, MF Kheradpour, P Pedersen, JS Parts, L Carlson, JW Crosby, MA Rasmussen, MD Roy, S Deoras, AN Ruby, JG Brennecke, J Hodges, E Hinrichs, AS Caspi, A Park, SW Han, MV Maeder, ML Polansky, BJ Robson, BE Aerts, S van Helden, J Hassan, B Gilbert, DG Eastman, DA Rice, M Weir, M Hahn, MW Park, Y Dewey, CN Pachter, L Kent, WJ Haussler, D Lai, EC Bartel, DP Hannon, GJ Kaufman, TC Eisen, MB Clark, AG Smith, D Celniker, SE Gelbart, WM Kellis, M AF Stark, Alexander Lin, Michael F. Kheradpour, Pouya Pedersen, Jakob S. Parts, Leopold Carlson, Joseph W. Crosby, Madeline A. Rasmussen, Matthew D. Roy, Sushmita Deoras, Ameya N. Ruby, J. Graham Brennecke, Julius Hodges, Emily Hinrichs, Angie S. Caspi, Anat Park, Seung-Won Han, Mira V. Maeder, Morgan L. Polansky, Benjamin J. Robson, Bryanne E. Aerts, Stein van Helden, Jacques Hassan, Bassem Gilbert, Donald G. Eastman, Deborah A. Rice, Michael Weir, Michael Hahn, Matthew W. Park, Yongkyu Dewey, Colin N. Pachter, Lior Kent, W. James Haussler, David Lai, Eric C. Bartel, David P. Hannon, Gregory J. Kaufman, Thomas C. Eisen, Michael B. Clark, Andrew G. Smith, Douglas Celniker, Susan E. Gelbart, William M. Kellis, Manolis TI Discovery of functional elements in 12 Drosophila genomes using evolutionary signatures SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; NONCODING RNA GENES; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; MELANOGASTER GENOME; MICRORNA TARGETS; MESSENGER-RNAS; COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE; REGULATORY MOTIFS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BINDING-SITES AB Sequencing of multiple related species followed by comparative genomics analysis constitutes a powerful approach for the systematic understanding of any genome. Here, we use the genomes of 12 Drosophila species for the de novo discovery of functional elements in the fly. Each type of functional element shows characteristic patterns of change, or 'evolutionary signatures', dictated by its precise selective constraints. Such signatures enable recognition of new protein-coding genes and exons, spurious and incorrect gene annotations, and numerous unusual gene structures, including abundant stop-codon readthrough. Similarly, we predict non-protein-coding RNA genes and structures, and new microRNA (miRNA) genes. We provide evidence of miRNA processing and functionality from both hairpin arms and both DNA strands. We identify several classes of pre- and post-transcriptional regulatory motifs, and predict individual motif instances with high confidence. We also study how discovery power scales with the divergence and number of species compared, and we provide general guidelines for comparative studies. C1 MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Mol Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Univ Tartu, Inst Comp Sci, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. LBNL, BDGP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Whitehead Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Watson Sch Biol Sci, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Berkeley Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Portland, OR 97210 USA. European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Submiss, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Connecticut Coll, Dept Biol, New London, CT 06320 USA. VIB, Dept Mol & Dev Genet, Neurogenet Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Biol Mol, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Dev Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kellis, M (reprint author), MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM manoli@mit.edu RI Pedersen, Jakob/C-4985-2009; Han, Mira/A-1808-2011; Stark, Alexander/D-1473-2012; Hassan, Bassem/D-5221-2012; Aerts, Stein/A-1100-2009; van Helden, Jacques/D-8590-2013; Brennecke, Julius/C-1626-2015; Pedersen, Jakob/G-3382-2012 OI Hinrichs, Angie/0000-0002-1697-1130; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Stark, Alexander/0000-0003-2611-0841; Hassan, Bassem/0000-0001-9533-4908; Aerts, Stein/0000-0002-8006-0315; van Helden, Jacques/0000-0002-8799-8584; Brennecke, Julius/0000-0002-5141-0814; Pedersen, Jakob/0000-0002-7236-4001 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779-06, R01 HG002779-05, R01 HG004037, R01 HG004037-01A1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM067031, R01 GM067031-04, R01 GM083300] NR 125 TC 389 Z9 395 U1 8 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7167 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1038/nature06340 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics 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Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Burdin, S. Burke, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Butler, J. M. Calfayan, P. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Caron, S. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Cason, N. M. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Charles, F. Cheu, E. Chevallier, E. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christofek, L. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. da Motta, H. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, P. de Jong, S. J. De la Cruz-Burelo, E. Martins, C. De Oliveira Degenhardt, J. D. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dong, H. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Dugad, S. R. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dyer, J. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Ermolov, P. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Ford, M. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Gallas, E. Galyaev, E. Garcia, C. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Gele, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gollub, N. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hadley, N. J. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hansson, P. Harder, K. Harel, A. Harrington, R. Hauptman, J. M. Hauser, R. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinmiller, J. M. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hoeth, H. Hohlfeld, M. Hong, S. J. Hooper, R. Hossain, S. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. M. Kalk, J. R. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kaushik, V. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Kirsch, M. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kothari, B. Kozelov, A. V. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lellouch, J. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Michaut, M. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mommsen, R. K. Mondal, N. K. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Noeding, C. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Onoprienko, D. Oshima, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Garzon, G. J. Otero y Owen, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Perea, P. M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. da Silva, W. L. Prado Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rakitine, A. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schliephake, T. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smimov, D. Smith, R. P. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, E. Vint, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, A. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, A. Weerts, H. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, A. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, I. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Search for a Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson in p(p)over-bar collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR AB We describe a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass of 105 GeV/c(2) to 145 GeV/c(2) in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 450 pb(-1) collected with the D phi detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p (p) over bar collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The Higgs boson is required to be produced in association with a Z boson, and the Z boson is required to decay to either electrons or muons with the Higgs boson decaying to a b (b) over bar pair. The data are well described by the expected background, leading to 95% confidence level cross section upper limits sigma (p (p) over bar -> ZH) x B(H -> b (b) over bar) in the range of 3.1 pb to 4.4 pb. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ Prague, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys A 3, Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hobbs, JD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hobbs@sbhep.physics.sunysb.edu RI Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 5-6 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.08.070 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 236GC UT WOS:000251290000002 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Matagne, N AF Goity, J. L. Matagne, N. TI Baryon Regge trajectories in the light of the 1/N-c expansion SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID N-C-QCD; EXCITED BARYONS; DECAYS; MASSES AB We analyze Regge trajectories in terms of the 1/N-c expansion of QCD. Neglecting spin-orbit contributions to the large N-c baryon mass operator, we consider the evolution of the spin-flavor singlet component of the masses with respect to the angular momentum. We find two distinct and remarkably linear Regge trajectories for symmetric and for mixed symmetric spin-flavor multiplets. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liege, Inst Phys B5, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Matagne, N (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Phys B5, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. EM goity@jlab.org; nmatagne@ulg.ac.be NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 655 IS 5-6 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.08.057 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 236GC UT WOS:000251290000004 ER PT J AU Bergmann, U Di Cicco, A Wernet, P Principi, E Glatzel, P Nilsson, A AF Bergmann, Uwe Di Cicco, Andrea Wernet, Philippe Principi, Emiliano Glatzel, Pieter Nilsson, Anders TI Nearest-neighbor oxygen distances in liquid water and ice observed by x-ray Raman based extended x-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; PAIR-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; MODEL; PRESSURES; HYDROGEN; NETWORK AB We report the nearest-neighbor oxygen-oxygen radial distribution function (NN O-O RDF) of room temperature liquid water and polycrystalline ice Ih (-16.8 degrees C) obtained by x-ray Raman based extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The spectra of the two systems were taken under identical experimental conditions using the same procedures to obtain the NN O-O RDFs. This protocol ensured a measurement of the relative distance distribution with very small systematic errors. The NN O-O RDF of water is found to be more asymmetric (tail extending to longer distances) with longer average distance (2.81 angstrom for water and 2.76 angstrom for ice) but a slightly shorter peak position (2.70 angstrom for water and 2.71 angstrom for ice). The refinement also showed a small but significant contribution from the linear O-H-O multiple scattering signal. The high sensitivity to short range distances of the EXAFS probe will set further restrictions to the range of possible models of liquid water. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Paris 04, IMPMC, CNRS, IPGP, F-75015 Paris, France. Univ Camerino, CNISM, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Camerino, CNR INFM SOFT, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Bergmann, U (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM bergmann@slac.stanford.edu RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Wernet, Philippe/A-7085-2013; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Wernet, Philippe/0000-0001-7011-9072; Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR/08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-44380, GM-65440] NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 17 AR 174504 DI 10.1063/1.2784123 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229FB UT WOS:000250787300026 PM 17994824 ER PT J AU McLain, SE Soper, AK Luzar, A AF McLain, Sylvia E. Soper, Alan K. Luzar, Alenka TI Investigations on the structure of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE-WATER MIXTURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TERTIARY BUTANOL AB Aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone have been investigated using neutron diffraction augmented with isotopic substitution and empirical potential structure refinement computer simulations. Each solute has been measured at two concentrations-1:20 and 1:2 solute:water mole ratios. At both concentrations for each solute, the tetrahedral hydrogen bonding network of water is largely unperturbed, though the total water molecule coordination number is reduced in the higher 1:2 concentrations. With higher concentrations of acetone, water tends to segregate into clusters, while in higher concentrations of DMSO the present study reconfirms that the structure of the liquid is dominated by DMSO-water interactions. This result may have implications for the highly nonideal behavior observed in the thermodynamic functions for 1:2 DMSO-water solutions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP McLain, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mclainse@ornl.gov OI McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759 NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 17 AR 174515 DI 10.1063/1.2784555 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 229FB UT WOS:000250787300037 PM 17994835 ER PT J AU Adhikary, B Carmichael, GR Tang, Y Leung, LR Qian, Y Schauer, JJ Stone, EA Ramanathan, V Ramana, MV AF Adhikary, Bhupesh Carmichael, Gregory R. Tang, Youhua Leung, L. Ruby Qian, Yun Schauer, James J. Stone, Elizabeth A. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran Ramana, Muvva V. TI Characterization of the seasonal cycle of south Asian aerosols: A regional-scale modeling analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; TERM EXPOSURE; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE AB The sulfur transport and deposition model ( STEM) is used to study the aerosol seasonality, distribution, and composition over south Asia from September 2004 to August 2005. Model predictions of sulfate, black carbon, primary organic carbon, other anthropogenic particulate matter, windblown mineral dusts, and sea salt are compared at two sites in south Asia where yearlong experimental observations are available from the Atmospheric Brown Cloud ( ABC) project. The model predictions are able to capture both the magnitude and seasonality of aerosols over Hanimaadhoo Observatory, Maldives. However, the model is not able to explain the seasonality at the Kathmandu Observatory; but the model does capture Kathmandu's observed annual mean concentration. The absence of seasonal brick kiln emissions within Kathmandu valley in the current inventory is a probable reason for this problem. This model study reveals high-anthropogenic aerosol loading over the Ganges valley even in the monsoonal months, which needs to be corroborated by experimental observations. Modeling results also show a high dust loading over south Asia with a distinct seasonality. Model results of aerosol monthly composition are also presented at five cities in south Asia. Total and fine-mode monthly aerosol optical depth along with contribution from each aerosol species is presented; the results show that the anthropogenic fraction dominates in the postmonsoon and the early dry season with major contributions from sulfate and absorbing aerosols. Model sensitivity studies of dry deposition velocity and wet scavenging efficiency show that model improvements are needed in the treatment of carbonaceous aerosol dry and wet removal processes. Modeled SO2 conversion rate constrained with sulfate observations at Hanimaadhoo suggests the need to increase model sulfate production rate during the dry season to account for probable sulfate production via heterogeneous pathways. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Adhikary, B (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM adhikary@cgrer.uiowa.edu; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; ruby.leung@pnl.gov; yun.qian@pnl.gov; jjschauer@wisc.edu; eastone@wisc.edu; vramanathan@ucsd.edu; ramana@fiji.ucsd.edu RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22S22 DI 10.1029/2006JD008143 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230BX UT WOS:000250851500001 ER PT J AU Mittal, R Chaplot, SL Choudhury, N Loong, CK AF Mittal, R. Chaplot, S. L. Choudhury, N. Loong, C-K TI Inelastic neutron scattering, lattice dynamics and high-pressure phase stability in LuPO4 and YbPO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHONON-DISPERSION RELATION; DENSITY-OF-STATES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; FREQUENCY-SHIFT; ZIRCON; PHOSPHATES; SPECTRA; ZRSIO4; RAMAN AB The combination of physical and chemical properties of orthophosphates, such as high melting point, structural and chemical stability and long-term corrosion resistance, makes them an ideal medium for the storage and permanent disposal of nuclear waste materials. We have carried out lattice dynamical studies using a shell model based on transferable interatomic potential for LuPO4 and YbPO4 in their zircon and scheelite phases. We also report inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the phonon density of states for YbPO4. The calculations in the zircon phase are in good agreement with the reported experimental data on phonon density of states and phonon dispersion relation for LuPO4 and our data for YbPO4. The lattice dynamical model is found to be useful for the calculation of various thermodynamic properties such as the specific heat, thermal expansion and equation of state in both zircon and scheelite phases of these compounds. The calculated free energy in zircon and scheelite phases shows their relative stability below and above 22 GPa, respectively. C1 Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mittal, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, KFA Julich GmbH, Forschungszentrum, Lichenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 44 AR 446202 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/44/446202 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 227WL UT WOS:000250688400025 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Garcia, M Belver, C Hanson, JC Wang, X Rodriguez, JA AF Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos Belver, Carolina Hanson, Jonathan C. Wang, Xianqin Rodriguez, Jose A. TI Anatase-TiO2 nanomaterials: Analysis of key parameters controlling crystallization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIA; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AMORPHOUS TITANIA; GROWTH-KINETICS; RUTILE TIO2; PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Nanoparticulated TiO2 materials with anatase structure were synthesized by using a microemulsion method. The structural characteristics of the amorphous solid precursors and their evolution during thermal treatments were studied by using X-ray absorption structure (X-ray absorption near edge structure XANES and extended X-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS), XRD-PDF (X-ray diffraction-pair distribution function), and infrared spectroscopy. Concerning the precursor materials, XANES and EXAFS showed a local order closely related to that of the anatase structure but containing defective, undercoordinated Ti-5c(4+) species in addition to normal Ti-6c(4+) species. The PDF technique detects differences among samples in the local order (below 1 nm) and showed that primary particle size varies throughout the amorphous precursor series. The physical interpretation of results concerning the amorphous materials and their evolution under thermal treatment gives conclusive evidence that local, intraparticle ordering variations determine the temperature for the onset of the nucleation process and drive the solid behavior through the whole crystallization process. The significance of this result in the context of current crystallization theories of oxide-based nanocrystalline solids is discussed. C1 CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petr Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernandez-Garcia, M (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petr Quim, C Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Belver, Carolina/B-9306-2012; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014 OI Belver, Carolina/0000-0003-2590-3225; NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 44 BP 13604 EP 13612 DI 10.1021/ja074064m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QM UT WOS:000250819200047 PM 17927180 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Kim, SJ Bull, I Celestian, AJ Parise, JB Kao, CC Vogt, T AF Lee, Yongjae Kim, Sun Jin Bull, Ivor Celestian, Aaron J. Parise, John B. Kao, Chi-Chang Vogt, Thomas TI Dehydration-induced water disordering in a synthetic potassium gallosilicate natrolite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-INDUCED HYDRATION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ZEOLITE RHO; GALLIUM; TEMPERATURE; FRAMEWORK; INSIGHT; NAT AB A new potassium gallosilicate zeolite with a natrolite topology (approximate formula K8.2Ga8.2-Si11.8O40 center dot 11.5H(2)O) was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized as a function of temperature using monochromatic synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analyses. Unlike the previously known tetragonal K8Ga8Si12O40 center dot 6H(2)O phase, the as-synthesized material contains twice the amount of water molecules in an ordered arrangement throughout the channels in an orthorhombic (/2(1)2(1)2(1)) symmetry. The ordered configuration of water molecules is stabilized below 300 K, whereas heating above 300 K results in a selective dehydration and subsequent disordering of water molecules in a tetragonal (/42d) symmetry. Above 400 K, the material transforms to a fully dehydrated tetragonal phase with a concomitant volume reduction of ca. 15%. The fully dehydrated material transforms back to its original state when rehydrated over a period of up to 2 weeks. The distribution of potassium cations within the channels remains largely unperturbed during the water rearrangements and their order-disorder transition within the channels. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nanomat Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. BASF CATALYSTS LLC, Iselin, NJ 08830 USA. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ S Carolina, NanoCtr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM yongjaelee@yonsei.ac.kr RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 44 BP 13744 EP 13748 DI 10.1021/ja075037z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 229QM UT WOS:000250819200062 PM 17935332 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, H Durell, SR Chatterjee, DK Anderson, CW Appella, E AF Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Durell, Stewart R. Chatterjee, Deb K. Anderson, Carl W. Appella, Ettore TI The wip1 phosphatase PPM1D dephosphorylates SQ/TQ motifs in checkpoint substrates phosphorylated by PI3K-like kinases SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DNA-DAMAGE; ATM; AMPLIFICATION; P38; P53; ACTIVATION; INHIBITOR; RADIATION AB The wild-type p53-induced phosphatase Wip1 (PP2C delta or PPM1D) is a member of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family and controls cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage. p38 MAPK and ATM were identified as physiological substrates of Wip1, and we previously reported a substrate motif that was defined using variants of the p38(180pT 182pY) diphosphorylated peptide, TDDEMpTGpYVAT. However, the substrate recognition motifs for Wip1 have not been fully defined as the sequences surrounding, the targeted residues in ATM and p38 MAPK appear to be unrelated. Using a recombinant human Wip1 catalytic domain (rWip1), in this study we measured the kinetic parameters for variants of the ATM(1981pS) phosphopeptide, AFEEGpSQSTTI. We found that rWip1 dephosphorylates phosphoserine and phosphothreonine in the p(SIT)Q motif, which is an essential requirement for substrate recognition. In addition, acidic, hydrophobic, or aromatic amino acids surrounding the p(S/T)Q sequence have a positive influence, while basic amino acids have a negative influence on substrate dephosphorylation. The kinetic constants allow discrimination between true substrates and nonsubstrates of Wip1, and we identified several new putative substrates that include HDM2, SMC1A, ATR, and Wip1 itself. A three-dimensional molecular model of Wip1 with a bound substrate peptide and site-directed mutagenesis analyses suggested that the important residues for ATM(1981 pS) substrate recognition are similar but not identical to those for the p38(180pT 182pY) substrate. Results from this study should be useful for predicting new physiological substrates that may be regulated by Wip1 and for developing selective anticancer drugs. C1 NCI, NIH, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, NCI, Peotein Express Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Appella, E (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM appellae@pop.nci.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 44 BP 12594 EP 12603 DI 10.1021/bi701096s PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 226FA UT WOS:000250571800010 PM 17939684 ER PT J AU Kalluri, UC DiFazio, SP Brunner, AM Tuskan, GA AF Kalluri, Udaya C. DiFazio, Stephen P. Brunner, Amy M. Tuskan, Gerald A. TI Genome-wide analysis of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families in Populus trichocarpa SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUXIN-RESPONSE FACTORS; VIRUS REPLICASE PROTEIN; LATERAL ROOT-FORMATION; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH; EXPRESSION; ENCODES; REPRESSION AB Background: Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) and Auxin Response Factor (ARF) transcription factors are key regulators of auxin responses in plants. We identified the suites of genes in the two gene families in Populus and performed comparative genomic analysis with Arabidopsis and rice. Results: A total of 35 Aux/IAA and 39 ARF genes were identified in the Populus genome. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed that several Aux/IAA and ARF subgroups have differentially expanded or contracted between the two dicotyledonous plants. Activator ARF genes were found to be two fold-overrepresented in the Populus genome. PoptrIAA and PoptrARF gene families appear to have expanded due to high segmental and low tandem duplication events. Furthermore, expression studies showed that genes in the expanded PoptrIAA3 subgroup display differential expression. Conclusion: The present study examines the extent of conservation and divergence in the structure and evolution of Populus Aux/IAA and ARF gene families with respect to Arabidopsis and rice. The gene-family analysis reported here will be useful in conducting future functional genomics studies to understand how the molecular roles of these large gene families translate into a diversity of biologically meaningful auxin effects. C1 [Kalluri, Udaya C.; Tuskan, Gerald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [DiFazio, Stephen P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Brunner, Amy M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kalluri, UC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kalluriudayc@ornl.gov; spdifazio@mail.wvu.edu; abrunner@vt.edu; tuskanga@ornl.gov RI KALLURI, UDAYA/A-6218-2011; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; KALLURI, UDAYA/0000-0002-5963-8370 NR 64 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 59 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-7-59 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 251MB UT WOS:000252376500001 PM 17986329 ER PT J AU Carra, JH McHugh, CA Mulligan, S Machiesky, LM Soares, AS Millard, CB AF Carra, John H. McHugh, Colleen A. Mulligan, Sheila Machiesky, LeeAnn M. Soares, Alexei S. Millard, Charles B. TI Fragment-based identification of determinants of conformational and spectroscopic change at the ricin active site SO BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATION-PI INTERACTIONS; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; A-CHAIN; KINASE CSK; PROTEIN; UREA; BINDING; DENATURATION; INHIBITION; STABILITY AB Background: Ricin is a potent toxin and known bioterrorism threat with no available antidote. The ricin A-chain (RTA) acts enzymatically to cleave a specific adenine base from ribosomal RNA, thereby blocking translation. To understand better the relationship between ligand binding and RTA active site conformational change, we used a fragment-based approach to find a minimal set of bonding interactions able to induce rearrangements in critical side-chain positions. Results: We found that the smallest ligand stabilizing an open conformer of the RTA active site pocket was an amide group, bound weakly by only a few hydrogen bonds to the protein. Complexes with small amide-containing molecules also revealed a switch in geometry from a parallel towards a splayed arrangement of an arginine-tryptophan cation-pi interaction that was associated with an increase and red-shift in tryptophan fluorescence upon ligand binding. Using the observed fluorescence signal, we determined the thermodynamic changes of adenine binding to the RTA active site, as well as the site-specific binding of urea. Urea binding had a favorable enthalpy change and unfavorable entropy change, with a Delta H of - 13 +/- 2 kJ/mol and Delta S of -0.04 +/- 0.01 kJ/(K*mol). The side-chain position of residue Tyr80 in a complex with adenine was found not to involve as large an overlap of rings with the purine as previously considered, suggesting a smaller role for aromatic stacking at the RTA active site. Conclusion: We found that amide ligands can bind weakly but specifically to the ricin active site, producing significant shifts in positions of the critical active site residues Arg180 and Tyr80. These results indicate that fragment-based drug discovery methods are capable of identifying minimal bonding determinants of active-site side-chain rearrangements and the mechanistic origins of spectroscopic shifts. Our results suggest that tryptophan fluorescence provides a sensitive probe for the geometric relationship of arginine-tryptophan pairs, which often have significant roles in protein function. Using the unusual characteristics of the RTA system, we measured the still controversial thermodynamic changes of site-specific urea binding to a protein, results that are relevant to understanding the physical mechanisms of protein denaturation. C1 [Carra, John H.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [McHugh, Colleen A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mulligan, Sheila] Mt St Marys Univ, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 USA. [Machiesky, LeeAnn M.] Goldbelt Raven LLC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Soares, Alexei S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Millard, Charles B.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carra, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM john.carra@amedd.army.mil; cmchugh@amedd.army.mil; sheila.mulligan@amedd.army.mil; leanne.machiesky@amedd.army.mil; soares@bnl.gov; charles.millard@amedd.army.mil NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2237 J9 BMC STRUCT BIOL JI BMC Struct. Biol. PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 72 DI 10.1186/1472-6807-7-72 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 251HR UT WOS:000252364500001 PM 17986339 ER PT J AU Fang, L Park, JY Ma, H Jen, AKY Salmeron, M AF Fang, Liang Park, J. Y. Ma, H. Jen, A. K. -Y. Salmeron, M. TI Atomic force microscopy study of the mechanical and electrical properties of monolayer films of molecules with aromatic end groups SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; FRICTION; CONDUCTION; PARALLEL; CONTACT; ENERGY AB The effect of intermolecular pi-pi stacking on the electrical and mechanical properties of monolayer film molecules containing aromatic groups was studied using atomic force microscopy. Two types of aromatic molecules, (4-mercaptophenyl) anthrylacetylene (MPAA) and (4-mercaptophenyl)-phenylacetylene (MPPA), were used as model systems with different pi-pi stacking strength. Monolayer films of these molecules on Au(111) surfaces exhibited conductivities differing by more than I order of magnitude, with MPAA being the most conductive and MPPA being the least conductive. The response to compressive loads by the AFM tip was also found to be very different for both molecules. In MPAA films, distinct molecular conductivity changes are observed upon mechanical perturbation. This effect, however, was not observed on the MPPA film, where intermolecular pi-pi interactions are likely weaker. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008; Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 11522 EP 11525 DI 10.1021/la701489p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 226JE UT WOS:000250584500033 PM 17924672 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Spitler, MT Parkinson, BA AF Lu, Yunfeng Spitler, Mark T. Parkinson, B. A. TI Regenerator dependent photoinduced desorption of a dicarboxylated cyanine dye from the surface of single-crystal rutile SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; ISONICOTINIC-ACID; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ADSORPTION; ANATASE; CATECHOL; TIO2(110); COVERAGE AB A photon-initiated desorption of a dicarboxylated thiacarbocyanine dye from a dye-sensitized semiconducting oxide crystal has been observed when hydroquinone is used as a regenerator. No desorption was found under the same conditions when KI was used as the regenerator. Intermittent illumination experiments suggest that the oxidation products of the hydroquinone regenerator compete for dye adsorption sites. By comparing the photocurrent decay at both the dye monomer sensitization maximum and the dimer sensitization maximum, a rearrangement of monomer into dimer was observed. A kinetic model for the photocurrent decay as a function of desorption time was derived, and the desorption rate constants were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the model. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Parkinson, BA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 11637 EP 11642 DI 10.1021/la701701e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 226JE UT WOS:000250584500049 PM 17918975 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kim, JY Youn, SH Park, M Hong, KS Jung, HS Lee, JK Shin, H AF Lee, Sangwook Kim, Jin Young Youn, Sung Hun Park, Min Hong, Kug Sun Jung, Hyun Suk Lee, Jung-Kun Shin, Hyunho TI Preparation of a nanoporous CaCO3-coated TiO2 electrode and its application to a dye-sensitized solar cell SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHARGE RECOMBINATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ENERGY-CONVERSION; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; FILMS; DECOMPOSITION; ENHANCEMENT; LIFETIME; LAYERS AB A nanoporous CaCO3 over-layer-coated TiO2 thick film was prepared by the topotactic thermal decomposition of Ca(OH)(2), and its performance as an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell was investigated. As compared to bare TiO2, nanoporous CaCO3-coated TiO2 provided higher specific surface area and, subsequently, a larger amount of dye adsorption; this in turn increased short-circuit current (J(SC)). Furthermore, the CaCO3 coating demonstrated increased impedance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface and increased the lifetime of the photoelectrons, indicating the improved retardation of the back electron transfer, which increases J(SC) open-circuit voltage (V,,), and fill factor (0). Thereby, the energy conversion efficiency (q) of the solar cell improved from 7.8 to 9.7% (an improvement of 24.4%) as the nanoporous CaCO3 layer was coated onto TiO2 thick films. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San 56-1,Shillim Dong, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr; hjung@kookmin.ac.kr; jklee@lanl.gov RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Lee, Sangwook/0000-0002-3535-0241; Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 23 BP 11907 EP 11910 DI 10.1021/la701826v PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 226JE UT WOS:000250584500084 PM 17927224 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Essers, J Kanaar, R Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F. Essers, J. Kanaar, R. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Disruption of maternal DNA repair increases sperm-derived chromosomal aberrations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; zygote; nonhomologous end joining; homologous recombination ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE; MICE; CHROMATIN; MUTATION; FERTILIZATION; CELLS; EGG AB Male and female germ cells can transmit genetic defects that lead to pregnancy loss, infant mortality, birth defects, and genetic diseases in offspring; however, the parental origins of transmitted defects are not random, with de novo mutations and chromosomal structural aberrations transmitted predominantly by sperm. We tested the hypotheses that paternal mutagenic exposure during late spermatogenesis can induce damage that persists in the fertilizing sperm and that the risk of embryos with paternally transmitted chromosomal aberrations depends on the efficiency of maternal DNA repair during the first cycle after fertilization. We show that female mice with defective DNA double-strand break repair had significantly increased frequencies of zygotes with sperm-derived chromosomal aberrations after matings with wildtype males irradiated 7 days earlier with 4 Gy of ionizing radiation. These findings demonstrate that mutagenic exposures during late spermatogenesis can induce damage that persists for at least 7 days in the fertilizing sperm and that maternal genotype plays a major role in determining the risks for pregnancy loss and frequencies of offspring with chromosomal defects of paternal origin. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol Genet, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,74RO157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmarchetti@lbl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09117-03] NR 33 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 6 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 45 BP 17725 EP 17729 DI 10.1073/pnas.070257104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 230TA UT WOS:000250897600034 PM 17978187 ER PT J AU Sel, O Sallard, S Brezesinski, T Rathousky, J Dunphy, DR Collord, A Smarsly, BM AF Sel, Ozlem Sallard, Sebastien Brezesinski, Torsten Rathousky, Jiri Dunphy, Darren R. Collord, Andrew Smarsly, Bernd M. TI Periodically ordered meso- and macroporous SiO2 thin films and their induced electrochemical activity as a function of pore hierarchy SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICA FILMS; POROUS SILICA; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CRYSTALLINE; COPOLYMER; TEMPLATES; SYSTEM; MODEL; GENERATION; MEMBRANES AB Silica thin films with variable pore hierarchy (different combinations of small meso-, large meso-, and macropores) were produced via evaporation induced self-assembly in a one-pot synthesis. A suitable block copolymer and an ionic liquid served as porogens for the generation of different types of mesopores whereas polymethylmethacrylate particles were used as macrotemplate. The silica architectures were characterized by various state-of-the-art techniques, such as 2D-SAXS, TEM, SEM, AFM, krypton and nitrogen sorption. Moreover, electrochemical functionalization was utilized as a tool to study the hierarchy-property relationship. Thus, hierarchically porous films prepared on FTO-coated glass were post-synthetically silylated and electro-chemically active ferrocene groups subsequently grafted onto the pore walls. Cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the induced electrochemical activity as a function of variations in the pore hierarchy. It turned out that multimodal pore systems possess a relatively higher electrochemical response due to better connection between the pores and higher surface area. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Phys Chem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CR-18223 Prague, Czech Republic. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Smarsly, BM (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Phys Chem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM bernd.smarsly@phys.chemie.uni-giessen.de RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011; Rathousky, Jiri/F-5541-2014; Brezesinski, Torsten/C-1093-2016 OI Brezesinski, Torsten/0000-0002-4336-263X NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3241 EP 3250 DI 10.1002/adfm.200700079 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 232AD UT WOS:000250989600029 ER PT J AU Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM Shukla, P Wang, H Durakiewicz, T Moore, DP Olson, CG Joyce, JJ Jia, Q AF Burrell, Anthony K. McCleskey, Thomas M. Shukla, Piyush Wang, Haiyan Durakiewicz, Tomasz Moore, David P. Olson, Clifford G. Joyce, John J. Jia, Quanxi TI Controlling oxidation states in uranium oxides through epitaxial stabilization SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; UO2; FILMS; AIR AB We have demonstrated that oxidation states in uranium-oxides such as UO2 and U3O8 can be controlled through epitaxial stabilization by growing single-crystal-like films. We have further shown that the growth of polymorphic uranium oxides is feasible by using different substrates with appropriate in-plane lattice parameters. The clearly improved stability of epitaxial uranium-oxides illustrates the significance of crystal lattice pinning on the control of surface chemistry of materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Burrell, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM burrell@lanl.gov; tmark@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874; Moore, David/0000-0002-0645-587X; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3559 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701157 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 232BB UT WOS:000250992000023 ER PT J AU Suez, I Rolandi, M Backer, SA Scholl, A Doran, A Okawa, D Zettl, A Frechet, JMJ AF Suez, Itai Rolandi, Marco Backer, Scott A. Scholl, Andreas Doran, Andrew Okawa, David Zettl, Alex Frechet, Jean M. J. TI High-field scanning probe lithography in hexadecane: Transitioning from field induced oxidation to solvent decomposition through surface modification SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HYDROGEN-PASSIVATED SILICON; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; INERT ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; LOCAL OXIDATION; SPACE-CHARGE; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; NANOFABRICATION; KINETICS; RESIST AB High field scanning probe lithography in hexadecane leads to two different chemical reactions depending on surface hydrophilicity. On a hydrophilic surface, oxidation of the sample occurs; a hydrophobic surface, results in solvent decomposition and nanoscale deposition of etch resistant material. The features are characterized with photoelectron emission microscopy and are carbonaceous in nature with a highly cross-linked bonding network. Tone reversal in a fluorinated etch is achieved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3570 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200700716 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 232BB UT WOS:000250992000025 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Jain, M McCleskey, TM Bauer, E Burrell, AK Jia, QX AF Luo, Hongmei Jain, Menka McCleskey, Thomas M. Bauer, Eve Burrell, Anthony K. Jia, Quanxi TI Optical and structural properties of single phase epitaxial p-type transparent oxide thin films SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CUALO2 FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM; CU; CONDUCTIVITY; TARGETS; CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB Single phase, epitaxial, transparent, and p-type CuAlO2 films are successfully grown on c-plane sapphire by polymer-assisted deposition. At wavelengths in the range of 400-1000 nm, the optical transmittance of the films is 60-80%. The energy band gap is 3.6 eV. The as-synthesized CuAlO2 films are highly resistive, with room-temperature resistivity around 10(5) Omega cm. The resistivity can be reduced to 10(3)-10(4) Omega cm by post-annealing films in oxygen. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Chem Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hluo@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Jain, Menka/0000-0002-2264-6895; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3604 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200700528 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 232BB UT WOS:000250992000032 ER PT J AU Batra, A Weis, CD Reijonen, J Persaud, A Schenkel, T AF Batra, A. Weis, C. D. Reijonen, J. Persaud, A. Schenkel, T. TI Detection of low energy single ion impacts in micron scale transistors at room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; QUANTUM COMPUTER; SILICON; IMPLANTATION; DEVICES AB We report the detection of single ion impacts through monitoring of changes in the source-drain currents of field effect transistors at room temperature. Implant apertures are formed in the interlayer dielectrics and gate electrodes of planar, microscale transistors by electron beam assisted etching. Device currents increase due to the generation of positively charged defects in gate oxides when ions (Sb-121(12+,14+) and Xe6+; 50-70 keV) impinge into channel regions. Implant damage is repaired by rapid thermal annealing, enabling iterative cycles of device doping and electrical characterization for the development of single atom devices and studies of dopant fluctuation effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM t_schenkel@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 193502 DI 10.1063/1.2805634 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300078 ER PT J AU Chroneos, A Grimes, RW Uberuaga, BP Brotzmann, S Bracht, H AF Chroneos, A. Grimes, R. W. Uberuaga, B. P. Brotzmann, S. Bracht, H. TI Vacancy-arsenic clusters in germanium SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED SILICON; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; GENERATION; DIFFUSION AB Electronic structure calculations are used to investigate the structures and relative energies of defect clusters formed between arsenic atoms and lattice vacancies in germanium and, for comparison, in silicon. It is energetically favorable to form clusters containing up to four arsenic atoms tetrahedrally coordinated around a vacancy. Using mass action analysis, the relative concentrations of arsenic atoms in different vacancy-arsenic clusters, unbound arsenic atoms, and unbound vacancies are predicted. At low temperatures the four arsenic-vacancy cluster is dominant over unbound vacancies while at higher temperatures unbound vacancies prevail. In terms of concentration, no intermediate size of cluster is ever of significance. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Mat Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Chroneos, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. EM alexander.chroneos@imperial.ac.uk OI Chroneos, Alex/0000-0002-2558-495X NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 192106 DI 10.1063/1.2805773 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300041 ER PT J AU Girit, CO Zettl, A AF Girit, Caglar O. Zettl, A. TI Soldering to a single atomic layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHENE AB The standard technique to make electrical contact to nanostructures is electron beam lithography. This method has several drawbacks including complexity, cost, and sample contamination. We present a simple technique to cleanly solder submicron sized, Ohmic contacts to nanostructures. To demonstrate, we contact graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon, and investigate low- and high-bias electronic transport. We set lower bounds on the current carrying capacity of graphene. A simple model allows us to obtain device characteristics such as mobility, minimum conductance, and contact resistance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Girit, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cog@berkeley.edu RI Girit, Caglar/D-4845-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Girit, Caglar/0000-0001-8953-9261; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 193512 DI 10.1063/1.2812571 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300088 ER PT J AU Lee, DI Sun, Y Liu, Z Sun, SY Pianetta, P AF Lee, Dong-Ick Sun, Yun Liu, Zhi Sun, Shiyu Pianetta, Piero TI Angular dependence of the photoelectron energy distribution of InP(100) and GaAs(100) negative electron affinity photocathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BAND-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION; GAAS; INP; SEMICONDUCTORS; EMISSION; MINIMA AB Energy distribution of the photoelectrons from InP(100) photocathodes are investigated with a photon energy range from 0.62 to 2.76 eV. When the photon energy is less than 1.8 eV, only electrons emitted from the Gamma valley are observed in the energy distribution curves. At higher photon energies, electrons from the L valley are observed. The angular dependence of the electron energy distributions of InP and GaAs photocathodes are studied and compared. The electrons emitted from the L valley have a larger angular spread than the ones from the Gamma valley due to the larger effective mass of the L valley minimum. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sun, Y (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ssun@slac.stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 192101 DI 10.1063/1.2805775 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300036 ER PT J AU Oye, MM Mattord, TJ Hallock, GA Bank, SR Wistey, MA Reifsnider, JM Ptak, AJ Yuen, HB Harris, JS Holmes, AL AF Oye, Michael M. Mattord, Terry J. Hallock, Gary A. Bank, Seth R. Wistey, Mark A. Reifsnider, Jason M. Ptak, Aaron J. Yuen, Homan B. Harris, James S., Jr. Holmes, Archie L., Jr. TI Effects of different plasma species (atomic N, metastable N-2(*), and ions) on the optical properties of dilute nitride materials grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-2/AR RF PLASMA; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAN GROWTH; MBE GROWTH; NITROGEN; GAASN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; OPTIMIZATION; MECHANISMS; DEPENDENCE AB This letter studies the effects of atomic N, metastable N-2(*), and ionic species on the optical properties of dilute nitride materials. Ga0.8In0.2N0.01As0.99 was grown using a 1% N-2 in Ar gas mix from an Applied-Epi Unibulb (TM) rf plasma source. Isonitrogen samples with and without ions were studied using various plasma operating conditions. Optical emission spectrometry was used to characterize relative proportions of different active nitrogen plasma species (atomic N and metastable N-2(*)). Samples grown without ions and with a higher proportion of atomic N resulted in the best overall material quality, although this improvement was observed at high annealing temperatures. At lower annealing temperatures, increased blueshifts were observed for samples grown with a higher proportion of atomic N; however, there was no noticeable influence of ions on blueshift regardless of whether atomic N or metastable N-2(*) was the dominant species present in the plasma. The key implication of this work is that it helps to elucidate a possible reason for some of the contradictory reports in the literature. The ions are not solely responsible for the commonly reported "plasma damage." Furthermore, we demonstrate herein that atomic N and metastable N-2(*) each have different effects on the optical properties of dilute nitride materials grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Samsung Austin Semicond, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Oye, MM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mikeoye@alumni.utexas.net NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 191903 DI 10.1063/1.2806226 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300029 ER PT J AU Sun, CJ Xu, ZH Hu, B Yi, GS Chow, GM Shen, J AF Sun, Cheng-Jun Xu, Zhihua Hu, Bin Yi, G. S. Chow, G. M. Shen, Jian TI Application of NaYF4 : Yb, Er upconversion fluorescence nanocrystals for solution-processed near infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In an attempt to overcome the technical challenges in the conventional solution-processed near infrared (NIR) photodetectors, we have used NaYF4:Yb, Er upconversion fluorescence nanocrystals to replace the semiconductor quantum dots in conjugated polymers. Under NIR excitation, the NaYF4:Yb, Er nanocrystals emit visible light in the solution-processed NIR photodetectors. The emitted visible light is simultaneously absorbed by the host conjugated polymer to generate photocurrent, which indicates that our approach is applicable to fabricate NIR photodetectors while avoiding the major technical challenges associated with semiconductor quantum dot based NIR photodetectors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shenj@ornl.gov RI Xu, Zhihua/G-3956-2011 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 19 AR 191113 DI 10.1063/1.2807841 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 229NH UT WOS:000250810300013 ER PT J AU Wang, T Yan, P Squier, TC Mayer, MU AF Wang, Ting Yan, Ping Squier, Thomas C. Mayer, M. Uljana TI Prospecting the proteome: Identification of naturally occurring binding motifs for biarsenical probes SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article ID TETRACYSTEINE-TAGGED PROTEINS; ASSISTED LIGHT INACTIVATION; MULTIUSE AFFINITY PROBE; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; SLYD; ISOMERASE; COMPLEX; FLUORESCENCE; CALMODULIN; DOMAIN AB Don't be too rigid. Fluorescent biarsenical probes function by binding to peptide tags genetically engineered into a protein under study. We have found an improved, less rigid peptide tag to bind FlAsH and other xanthene-based biarsenicals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mayer, MU (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 999 Battelle Blvd,MS P7-54, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM uljana.moyer@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 8 IS 16 BP 1937 EP + DI 10.1002/cbic.200700209 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 229NE UT WOS:000250809900008 PM 17828727 ER PT J AU Cragg, GE Kerman, AK AF Cragg, George E. Kerman, Arthur K. TI Independent pair approximation for attractive bose condensates SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB A bosonic analog of the independent pair approximation is developed in the context of a zero-temperature assembly with a positive s-wave scattering length, but attractive interparticle interactions. By preferentially scattering any pair back into the condensate, we account for the effect that all other particles have on the two-body state inside the medium. Instead of the energy of a pair, the poles of the resulting T matrix now give the chemical potential of the system. One pole reveals a collapsing many-body ground state whereas the other gives a complex valued chemical potential, where the imaginary part quantifies the decay rate of the condensate. Both solutions are in close agreement with those obtained in a variational calculation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Med Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cragg, GE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cragg@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 371 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.05.114 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 234FR UT WOS:000251146600002 ER PT J AU Collis, GE Burrell, AK Blandford, EJ Officer, DL AF Collis, Gavin E. Burrell, Anthony K. Blandford, Esther J. Officer, David L. TI A modular procedure for the synthesis of functionalised beta-substituted terthiophene monomers for conducting polymer applications SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID FACILE SYNTHESIS; CONJUGATED METALLOPOLYMERS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; HYBRID MATERIALS; REDOX POLYMERS; COMPLEXES; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; POLYTHIOPHENES; THIOPHENE; CHEMISTRY AB An efficient modular strategy has been developed for the synthesis of beta-functionalised terthiophene monomers using Suzuki-Miyaura and Wittig/Horner-Emmons chemistries. This paper discusses the problems encountered with converting the beta-terthiophene aldehyde building block to the beta-terthiophene phosphonium salt and the use of this material in a Wittig condensation. An improved strategy using the beta-terthiophene phosphonate building block constructed via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling protocols was developed. We have synthesised and characterised a broad range of functionalised terthiophene materials that have been designed for specific end-use applications. The availability of these building blocks has dramatically increased access to a range of key monomers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Collis, Gavin E.; Burrell, Anthony K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Collis, Gavin E.; Blandford, Esther J.; Officer, David L.] Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Collis, GE (reprint author), CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Ian Wark Lab, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM gavin.collis@csiro.au RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 45 BP 11141 EP 11152 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.022 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247QK UT WOS:000252094200034 ER PT J AU Archibald, AT McGillen, MR Taatjes, CA Percival, CJ Shallcross, DE AF Archibald, Alex T. McGillen, Max R. Taatjes, Craig A. Percival, Carl J. Shallcross, Dudley E. TI Atmospheric transformation of enols: A potential secondary source of carboxylic acids in the urban troposphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; OZONE; AIR AB Following the recent discovery that enols are important intermediates in combustion chemistry, the possible impact of these species on atmospheric chemistry is investigated. A novel mechanism is proposed by which the reactions of enols contribute significantly towards atmospheric carboxylic acid concentrations in the gas-phase. Inclusion of ethenol in the Common Representative Intermediates CRI mechanism was found to increase predicted secondary production of formic acid considerably (similar to 40 pptv in the first 6 hours in a base case scenario, with typical increases of [HCOOH] ranging from 20-60 pptv over a period of 96 hours) whereas its effect on other important trace species (i.e. O-3, NOx, HOx and HCHO) was negligible. Carboxylic acid concentrations are at present underestimated by major atmospheric chemical models, and these results indicate that the atmospheric transformation of enols may be an important missing secondary source term for carboxylic acids in the urban troposphere. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Archibald, AT (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. EM carl.percival@manchester.ac.uk RI Bohall, Kenji/A-7498-2011; McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Percival, Carl/B-9353-2012; OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; percival, carl/0000-0003-2525-160X NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 21 AR L21801 DI 10.1029/2007GL031032 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 228CB UT WOS:000250703600002 ER PT J AU Wyss, J Martinek, J Kerins, M Dahl, JK Weimer, A Lewandowski, A Bingham, C AF Wyss, Jeffrey Martinek, Janna Kerins, Michael Dahl, Jaimee K. Weimer, Alan Lewandowski, Allan Bingham, Carl TI Rapid solar-thermal decarbonization of methane in a fluid-wall aerosol flow reactor - Fundamentals and application SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solar; reactor; methane; decarbonize; transport; aerosol ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL REACTOR; NATURAL-GAS; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLES AB A graphite fluid-wall aerosol flow reactor heated with concentrated sunlight has been developed over the past five years for the solar-thermal decarbonization of methane. The fluid-wall is provided by an inert or compatible gas that prevents contact of reactants and products of reaction with a graphite reaction tube. The reactor provides for a low thermal mass that is compatible with intermittent sunlight and the graphite construction allows rapid heating/cooling rates and ultra-high temperatures. The decarbonization of methane has been demonstrated at over 90% for residence times on the order of 10 milliseconds at a reactor wall temperature near 2000 K. The carbon black resulting from the dissociation of methane is nanosized, amorphous, and ash-free and can be used for industrial rubber production. The hydrogen can be supplied to a pipeline and used for chemical processing or to supply fuel cell vehicles. C1 [Wyss, Jeffrey; Martinek, Janna; Kerins, Michael; Dahl, Jaimee K.; Weimer, Alan] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, Allan; Bingham, Carl] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wyss, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jeffrey.wyss@colorado.edu; janna.martinek@colorado.edu; michael.kerins@colorado.edu; Jaimee.Dahl@bp.com; alan.weimer@colorado.edu; allan.lewandowski@worldnet.att.net; carl_bingham@nrel.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-5748 EI 1542-6580 J9 INT J CHEM REACT ENG JI Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 5 AR A69 PG 27 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 287RL UT WOS:000254934100008 ER PT J AU Schwartz, SE AF Schwartz, Stephen E. TI Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATION DISSIPATION; FUTURE; OCEAN; OSCILLATIONS; LEVEL AB The equilibrium sensitivity of Earth's climate is determined as the quotient of the relaxation time constant of the system and the pertinent global heat capacity. The heat capacity of the global ocean, obtained from regression of ocean heat content versus global mean surface temperature, GMST, is 14 +/- 6 W a m(-2) K-1, equivalent to 110 m of ocean water; other sinks raise the effective planetary heat capacity to 17 +/- 7 W a m(-2) K-1 ( all uncertainties are 1- sigma estimates). The time constant pertinent to changes in GMST is determined from autocorrelation of that quantity over 1880 - 2004 to be 5 +/- 1 a. The resultant equilibrium climate sensitivity, 0.30 +/- 0.14 K/(W m(-2)), corresponds to an equilibrium temperature increase for doubled CO2 of 1.1 +/- 0.5 K. The short time constant implies that GMST is in near equilibrium with applied forcings and hence that net climate forcing over the twentieth century can be obtained from the observed temperature increase over this period, 0.57 +/- 0.08 K, as 1.9 +/- 0.9 W m(-2). For this forcing considered the sum of radiative forcing by incremental greenhouse gases, 2.2 +/- 0.3 W m(-2), and other forcings, other forcing agents, mainly incremental tropospheric aerosols, are inferred to have exerted only a slight forcing over the twentieth century of -0.3 +/- 1.0 W m(-2). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schwartz, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ses@bnl.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 61 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D24 AR D24S05 DI 10.1029/2007JD008746 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CW UT WOS:000250705700002 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Abulencia, A Adelman, J Affolder, T Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carrillo, S Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, I Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Cilijak, M Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Coca, M Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC DaRonco, S Datta, M D'Auria, S Davies, T Dagenhart, D de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Delli Paoli, F Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Dorr, C Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia, JE Garberson, F Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, C Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraan, AC Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marginean, R Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, ME Mazini, R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moed, S Moggi, N Mohr, B Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuno, S Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, J Wagner, W Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Abulencia, A. Adelman, J. Affolder, T. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Anikeev, K. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carrillo, S. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. 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Forrest, R. Forrester, S. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garcia, J. E. Garberson, F. Garfinkel, A. F. Gay, C. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Goldstein, J. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Holloway, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. 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TI Precise measurement of the top-quark mass in the Lepton plus Jets topology at CDF II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIKELIHOOD METHOD; MISSING MOMENTUM; PAIR PRODUCTION; EVENTS; RECONSTRUCTION; DECAY; BOSON AB We present a measurement of the mass of the top quark from proton-antiproton collisions recorded at the CDF experiment in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. We analyze events from the single lepton plus jets final state (t (t) over bar -> W(+)bW(-)(b) over bar -> l nu bq (q) over bar (')(b) over bar). The top-quark mass is extracted using a direct calculation of the probability density that each event corresponds to the t (t) over bar final state. The probability is a function of both the mass of the top quark and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets, which is constrained in situ by the hadronic W boson mass. Using 167 events observed in 955 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity, we achieve the single most precise measurement of the top-quark mass, 170.8 +/- 2.2(stat.) +/- 1.4(syst.) GeV/c(2). C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Comenius Univ, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia. Inst Phys Expt, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, IN2P3 CNRS, UMR 7585, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Siena, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sez Roma 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jarvis, C. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kaefer, D. Kahn, S. Kajfasz, E. Kalinin, A. M. Kalk, J. R. Kalk, J. M. Kappler, S. Karmanov, D. Kasper, J. Kasper, P. Katsanos, I. Kau, D. Kaur, R. Kaushik, V. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. M. Khatidze, D. Kim, H. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Kirsch, M. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kopal, M. Korablev, V. M. Kothari, B. Kozelov, A. V. Krop, D. Kryemadhi, A. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kunori, S. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kvita, J. Lacroix, F. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lazoflores, J. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lehner, F. Lellouch, J. Lesne, V. Leveque, J. Lewin, M. Lewis, P. Li, J. Li, Q. Z. Li, L. Lietti, S. M. Lima, J. G. R. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobo, L. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Lounis, A. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madaras, R. J. Maettig, P. Magass, C. Magerkurth, A. Makovec, N. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Mao, H. S. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. Melnitchouk, A. Mendes, A. Mendoza, L. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, J. Meyer, A. Michaut, M. Millet, T. Mitrevski, J. Molina, J. Mommsen, R. K. Mondal, N. K. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulders, M. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Naumann, N. A. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Nomerotski, A. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. O'Dell, V. O'Neil, D. C. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Onoprienko, D. Oshima, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Penning, B. Perea, P. M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Petteni, M. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Polozov, P. Pompos, A. Pope, B. G. Popov, A. V. Potter, C. Prado da Silva, W. L. Prosper, H. B. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rakitine, A. Rangel, M. S. Rani, K. J. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Reucroft, S. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rodrigues, R. F. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Santoro, A. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schieferdecker, P. Schliephake, T. Schmitt, C. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Sengupta, S. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Shpakov, D. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Smith, R. P. Snow, J. Snow, G. R. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Souza, M. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Steele, J. Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Strauss, E. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Tissandier, F. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Trefzger, T. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, S. Uvarov, L. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. van Eijk, B. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Swang, M. H. L. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weber, G. Weerts, H. Wenger, A. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Yu, C. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime using semileptonic decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INCLUSIVE DECAYS; BEAUTY HADRONS; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB We report a measurement of the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime using a sample corresponding to 1.3 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment in 2002-2006 during run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The Lambda(0)(b) baryon is reconstructed via the decay Lambda(0)(b)->mu(nu) over bar Lambda X-+(c). Using 4437 +/- 329 signal candidates, we measure the Lambda(0)(b) lifetime to be tau(Lambda(0)(b))=1.290(-0.110)(+0.119)(stat)(-0.091)(+0.087)(syst) ps, which is among the most precise measurements in semileptonic Lambda(0)(b) decays. This result is in good agreement with the world average value. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, IN2P3 CNRS, CPPM, Marseille, France. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3 CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, IN2P3 CNRS, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Unit Haute Alsace, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, CNRS IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74048 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Juste, Aurelio/I-2531-2015; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011 OI Weber, Michele/0000-0002-2770-9031; Grohsjean, Alexander/0000-0003-0748-8494; Melnychuk, Oleksandr/0000-0002-2089-8685; Bassler, Ursula/0000-0002-9041-3057; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Naumann, Axel/0000-0002-4725-0766; Bertram, Iain/0000-0003-4073-4941; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; Blazey, Gerald/0000-0002-7435-5758; Evans, Harold/0000-0003-2183-3127; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Weber, Gernot/0000-0003-4199-1640; Heinson, Ann/0000-0003-4209-6146; grannis, paul/0000-0003-4692-2142; Qian, Jianming/0000-0003-4813-8167; Strovink, Mark/0000-0001-7020-7769; Begel, Michael/0000-0002-1634-4399; Haas, Andrew/0000-0002-4832-0455; Madaras, Ronald/0000-0001-7399-2993; Sawyer, Lee/0000-0001-8295-0605; Hedin, David/0000-0001-9984-215X; Wahl, Horst/0000-0002-1345-0401; Juste, Aurelio/0000-0002-1558-3291; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Blessing, Susan/0000-0002-4455-7279; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Duperrin, Arnaud/0000-0002-5789-9825; Hoeneisen, Bruce/0000-0002-6059-4256; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 182001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.182001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000014 PM 17995396 ER PT J AU Lopez, E Parshani, R Cohen, R Carmi, S Havlin, S AF Lopez, Eduardo Parshani, Roni Cohen, Reuven Carmi, Shai Havlin, Shlomo TI Limited path percolation in complex networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM GRAPHS; INTERNET; ATTACK AB We study the stability of network communication after removal of a fraction q=1-p of links under the assumption that communication is effective only if the shortest path between nodes i and j after removal is shorter than al(ij)(a >= 1) where l(ij) is the shortest path before removal. For a large class of networks, we find analytically and numerically a new percolation transition at (p) over tilde (c)=(kappa(0)-1)((1-a)/a), where kappa(0)equivalent to < k(2)>/< k > and k is the node degree. Above (P) over tilde (c), order N nodes can communicate within the limited path length al(ij), while below p(c), N-delta (delta < 1) nodes can communicate. We expect our results to influence network design, routing algorithms, and immunization strategies, where short paths are most relevant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS & T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Minerva Ctr, Ramat Gan, Israel. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, Ramat Gan, Israel. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lopez, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS & T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edlopez@lanl.gov; parshani.roni@gmail.com RI Cohen, Reuven/B-3875-2008; Carmi, Shai/F-4817-2010 OI Cohen, Reuven/0000-0001-8788-2189; Carmi, Shai/0000-0002-0188-2610 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 188701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.188701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000062 PM 17995444 ER PT J AU Mestayer, JJ Zhao, W Lancaster, JC Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Yoshida, S Burgdorfer, J AF Mestayer, J. J. Zhao, W. Lancaster, J. C. Dunning, F. B. Reinhold, C. O. Yoshida, S. Burgdoerfer, J. TI Transporting Rydberg electron wave packets with chirped trains of pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ELECTRON AB A protocol for steering Rydberg electrons towards targeted final states is realized with the aid of a chirped train of half-cycle pulses (HCPs). Its novel capabilities are demonstrated experimentally by transporting potassium atoms excited to the lowest-lying quasi-one-dimensional states in the n(i) = 350 Stark manifold to a narrow range of much higher-n states. We demonstrate that this coherent state transfer is, to a high degree, reversible. The protocol allows for remarkable selectivity and is highly efficient, with typically over 80% of the parent atoms surviving the HCP sequence. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, Vienna, Austria. RP Mestayer, JJ (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 183003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.183003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000022 PM 17995404 ER PT J AU Shakeripour, H Tanatar, MA Li, SY Petrovic, C Taillefer, L AF Shakeripour, H. Tanatar, M. A. Li, S. Y. Petrovic, C. Taillefer, Louis TI Hybrid gap structure of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CECOIN5; UPT3 AB The thermal conductivity kappa of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5 was measured as a function of temperature down to T-c/8, for current directions parallel (J parallel to c) and perpendicular (J parallel to a) to the tetragonal c axis. For J parallel to a, a sizable residual linear term kappa(0)/T is observed, as previously, which confirms the presence of line nodes in the superconducting gap. For J parallel to c, on the other hand, kappa/T -> 0 as T -> 0. The resulting precipitous decline in the anisotropy ratio kappa(c)/kappa(a) at low temperature rules out a gap structure with line nodes running along the c axis, such as the d-wave state favored for CeCoIn5, and instead points to a hybrid gap of E-g symmetry. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Univ Sherbrooke, RQMP, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Tanatar, MA (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM Louis.Taillefer@USherbrooke.ca RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Li, Shiyan/H-3445-2016 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 187004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.187004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000048 PM 17995430 ER PT J AU Shen, KM Kikugawa, N Bergemann, C Balicas, L Baumberger, F Meevasana, W Ingle, NJC Maeno, Y Shen, ZX Mackenzie, AP AF Shen, K. M. Kikugawa, N. Bergemann, C. Balicas, L. Baumberger, F. Meevasana, W. Ingle, N. J. C. Maeno, Y. Shen, Z. -X. Mackenzie, A. P. TI Evolution of the fermi surface and quasiparticle renormalization through a van hove singularity in Sr2-yLayRuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SR2RUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRIPLET AB We employ a combination of chemical substitution and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to prove that the Fermi level in the gamma band of Sr2-gamma La gamma RuO4 can be made to traverse a van Hove singularity. Remarkably, the large mass renormalization has little dependence on either k or doping. By combining the results from photoemission with thermodynamic measurements on the same batches of crystals, we deduce a parametrization of the full many-body quasiparticle dispersion in Sr2RuO4 which extends from the Fermi level to approximately 20 meV above it. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ St Andrews, Dept Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ St Andrews, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Kyoto Univ, Int Innovat Ctr, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Shen, KM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Balicas, Luis/A-3110-2008; Baumberger, Felix/A-5170-2008; Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Mackenzie, Andrew/K-6742-2015 OI Baumberger, Felix/0000-0001-7104-7541; NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 187001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.187001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000045 PM 17995427 ER PT J AU Yang, L Park, CH Son, YW Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Yang, Li Park, Cheol-Hwan Son, Young-Woo Cohen, Marvin L. Louie, Steven G. TI Quasiparticle energies and band gaps in graphene nanoribbons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EDGE; GRAPHITE; RIBBONS; STATE; GAS AB We present calculations of the quasiparticle energies and band gaps of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) carried out using a first-principles many-electron Green's function approach within the GW approximation. Because of the quasi-one-dimensional nature of a GNR, electron-electron interaction effects due to the enhanced screened Coulomb interaction and confinement geometry greatly influence the quasiparticle band gap. Compared with previous tight-binding and density functional theory studies, our calculated quasiparticle band gaps show significant self-energy corrections for both armchair and zigzag GNRs, in the range of 0.5-3.0 eV for ribbons of width 2.4-0.4 nm. The quasiparticle band gaps found here suggest that use of GNRs for electronic device components in ambient conditions may be viable. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Park, Cheol-Hwan/A-1543-2009; son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010 OI Park, Cheol-Hwan/0000-0003-1584-6896; NR 35 TC 557 Z9 562 U1 22 U2 199 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 18 AR 186801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.186801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 227GA UT WOS:000250644000044 PM 17995426 ER PT J AU Castner, EW Wishart, JF Shirota, H AF Castner, Edward W., Jr. Wishart, James F. Shirota, Hideaki TI Intermolecular dynamics, interactions, and solvation in ionic liquids SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID KERR-EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NANOSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; ORIENTATIONAL DYNAMICS; ROTATIONAL RELAXATION; IMIDAZOLIUM CATIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT RELAXATION; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS AB Ionic liquids can simultaneously assume multiple solvent roles, because they are strongly polar and polarizable solvents and binary solutions and frequently contain very hydrophobic components. When the cation and anion functional groups are tuned appropriately, ionic liquids can be used as designer solvents for a broad range of applications. In this Account, we discuss our spectroscopic studies on the intermolecular interactions, dynamics, solvation, transport, and friction in ionic liquids, as compared with information obtained from macroscopic experiments including viscometry and calorimetry. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chiba Univ, Div Nanosci, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Castner, EW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 69 TC 173 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1217 EP 1227 DI 10.1021/ar700169g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 234LQ UT WOS:000251166000018 PM 18020400 ER PT J AU Sumpter, BG Meunier, V Romo-Herrera, JM Cruz-Silva, E Cullen, DA Terrones, H Smith, DJ Terrones, M AF Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent Romo-Herrera, Jose M. Cruz-Silva, Eduardo Cullen, David A. Terrones, Humberto Smith, David J. Terrones, Mauricio TI Nitrogen-mediated carbon nanotube growth: Diameter reduction, metallicity, bundle dispersability, and bamboo-like structure formation SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanotube growth; nitrogen doping; electronic structure; surfactant; bamboo structures ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NITRIDE NANOTUBES; CNX NANOTUBES; BASIS-SET; BORON; MULTIWALLS; NANOFIBERS AB Carbon nanotube growth in the presence of nitrogen has been the subject of much experimental scrutiny, sparking intense debate about the role of nitrogen in the formation of diverse structural features, including shortened length, reduced diameters, and bamboo-like multilayered nanotubules. In this paper, the origin of these features is elucidated using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques, showing that N acts as a surfactant during growth. N doping enhances the formation of smaller diameter tubes. It can also promote tube closure which includes a relatively large amount of N atoms into the tube lattice, leading to bamboo-like structures. Our findings demonstrate that the mechanism is independent of the tube chirality and suggest a simple procedure for controlling the growth of bamboo-like nanotube morphologies. C1 [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Romo-Herrera, Jose M.; Cruz-Silva, Eduardo; Terrones, Humberto; Terrones, Mauricio] IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Cullen, David A.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cullen, David A.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sumpter, BG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sumpterbg@ornl.gov RI Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/B-7003-2009; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Cullen, David/A-2918-2015 OI Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/0000-0003-2877-1598; Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866 NR 45 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1021/nn700143q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 249YP UT WOS:000252267200022 PM 19206689 ER PT J AU Fisher, SZ Anderson, S Henning, R Moffat, K Langan, P Thiyagarajan, P Schultz, AJ AF Fisher, S. Z. Anderson, S. Henning, R. Moffat, K. Langan, P. Thiyagarajan, P. Schultz, A. J. TI Neutron and X-ray structural studies of short hydrogen bonds in photoactive yellow protein (PYP) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION DATA; ACTIVE-SITE; ECTOTHIORHODOSPIRA-HALOPHILA; SPALLATION NEUTRONS; DATA-COLLECTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CHROMOPHORE; PHOTOCYCLE; PHOTORECEPTOR; MYOGLOBIN AB Photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from Halorhodospira halophila is a soluble 14 kDa blue-light photoreceptor. It absorbs light via its para-coumaric acid chromophore (pCA), which is covalently attached to Cys69 and is believed to be involved in the negative phototactic response of the organism to blue light. The complete structure (including H atoms) of PYP has been determined in D2O-soaked crystals through the application of joint X-ray (1.1 angstrom) and neutron (2.5 angstrom) structure refinement in combination with cross-validated maximum-likelihood simulated annealing. The resulting XN structure reveals that the phenolate O atom of pCA accepts deuterons from Glu46 O-epsilon 2 and Tyr42 O-eta in two unusually short hydrogen bonds. This arrangement is stabilized by the donation of a deuteron from Thr50 O-gamma 1 to Tyr42 O-eta. However, the deuteron position between pCA and Tyr42 is only partially occupied. Thus, this atom may also interact with Thr50, possibly being disordered or fluctuating between the two bonds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fisher, SZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zfisher@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM071939, 1R01GM071939-01, GM036452, R01 GM036452, R01 GM071939-04, R37 GM036452] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 63 BP 1178 EP 1184 DI 10.1107/S0907444907047646 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 232OU UT WOS:000251029800007 PM 18007033 ER PT J AU Afonine, PV Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD Lunin, VY Urzhumtsev, A AF Afonine, Pavel V. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Adams, Paul D. Lunin, Vladimir Y. Urzhumtsev, Alexandre TI On macromolecular refinement at subatomic resolution with interatomic scatterers SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DATA-BANK; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; CHARGE-DENSITY; SMALL-MOLECULE; X-RAY; ULTRAHIGH-RESOLUTION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PARAMETERS AB A study of the accurate electron-density distribution in molecular crystals at subatomic resolution (better than similar to 1.0 angstrom) requires more detailed models than those based on independent spherical atoms. A tool that is conventionally used in small-molecule crystallography is the multipolar model. Even at upper resolution limits of 0.8-1.0 angstrom, the number of experimental data is insufficient for full multipolar model refinement. As an alternative, a simpler model composed of conventional independent spherical atoms augmented by additional scatterers to model bonding effects has been proposed. Refinement of these mixed models for several benchmark data sets gave results that were comparable in quality with the results of multipolar refinement and superior to those for conventional models. Applications to several data sets of both small molecules and macromolecules are shown. These refinements were performed using the general-purpose macromolecular refinement module phenix. refine of the PHENIX package. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Math Problems Biol, Pushchino 142290, Russia. IGMBC, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. IBMC, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Univ Nancy 1, Fac Sci, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Afonine, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,BLDG 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pafonine@lbl.gov RI Lunin, Vladimir/O-2506-2013; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Lunin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1235-1206; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210, P01 GM063210] NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 63 BP 1194 EP 1197 DI 10.1107/S0907444907046148 PN 11 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 232OU UT WOS:000251029800009 PM 18007035 ER PT J AU Reyes-Grajeda, JP Marian-Garcia, L Stojanoff, V Moreno, A AF Pablo Reyes-Grajeda, Juan Marian-Garcia, Liliana Stojanoff, Vivian Moreno, Abel TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of struthiocalcin 1 from ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggshell SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LECTIN-LIKE PROTEINS; MATRIX PROTEINS AB The purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of struthiocalcin 1 (SCA-1), a protein obtained from the intramineral part of ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggshell, is reported. C1 [Marian-Garcia, Liliana; Moreno, Abel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Pablo Reyes-Grajeda, Juan] Inst Nacl Med Genom, Unidad Proteom Med, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Stojanoff, Vivian] NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY USA. RP Moreno, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM carcamo@servidor.unam.mx RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [Y01 GM000080] NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 63 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1107/S1744309107052256 PN 11 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 243LU UT WOS:000251799400022 PM 18007058 ER PT J AU Shyam, A Allison, JE Szczepaiiski, CJ Pollock, TM Jones, JW AF Shyam, Amit Allison, John E. Szczepaiiski, Christopher J. Pollock, Tresa M. Jones, J. Wayne TI Small fatigue crack growth in metallic materials: A model and its application to engineering alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE small fatigue crack growth; metals and alloys; plastic deformation; fatigue; modeling ID CAST-ALUMINUM; PROPAGATION; THRESHOLD; FRACTURE AB Characterization of the growth behavior of small fatigue cracks is important for materials used in structurally demanding applications such as aircraft turbine discs and some automotive engine components. Here, we present a general, dislocation-based fracture mechanics approach to predict the growth rate of small fatigue cracks in metallic materials. The applicability of the model to the small fatigue crack growth behavior of four engineering alloys was examined. Small fatigue cracks were initiated and propagated. in a controlled manner, from micronotches fabricated by femtosecond pulsed laser micromachining. The results suggest that it methodology consisting of cracktip damage accumulation and fracture provides a common framework to estimate the fatigue crack propagation lifetime of structural materials. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ford Motor Co, Ford Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Shyam, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shyama@ornl.gov OI Shyam, Amit/0000-0002-6722-4709 NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 19 BP 6606 EP 6616 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.08.022 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 234YQ UT WOS:000251201100023 ER PT J AU Jiang, WH Zhang, HF Liu, FX Wang, YD Choo, H Liaw, PK AF Jiang, Wenhui Zhang, Haifeng Liu, Fengxiao Wang, Yandong Choo, Hahn Liaw, Peter K. TI Inhomogeneous deformation in compression - Comparison of two bulk-metallic glasses SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; INDUCED NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RATE DEPENDENCE; SHEAR BANDS; NANOINDENTATION; PLASTICITY AB The mechanical behavior of the work-hardening Cu(47.5)Zr(47.5)Al(5) bulk-metallic glass in compression was investigated and compared with that of Zr(55)Ni(5)Al(10)Cu(30) bulk-metallic glass. Two glassy alloys exhibit substantially different plastic-flow behaviors and shear-band patterns. Cu(47.5)Zr(47.5)Al(5) displays much smaller inhomogeneity of the plastic deformation both in time and in space than Zr(55)Ni(5)Al(10)Cu(30). The work-hardening capability of Cu(47.5)Zr(47.5)Al(5) may originate from deformation-induced nanocrystallization that may strengthen effectively a shear band. C1 [Jiang, Wenhui; Liu, Fengxiao; Wang, Yandong; Choo, Hahn; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhang, Haifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Choo, Hahn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, WH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wjiang5@utk.edu RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 959 EP 962 DI 10.1002/adem.200700128 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 242PL UT WOS:000251737600013 ER PT J AU Zhang, SJ Han, QY Liu, ZK AF Zhang, Shengjun Han, Qingyou Liu, Zi-Kui TI Thermodynamic investigation of alkali-metal-induced high temperature embrittlement in Al-Li alloys SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS; IMPURITIES AB Alkali metals are undesirable impurity elements in aluminum-lithium alloys. Despite their trace amount, they lead to high temperature embrittlement (HTE). In the present work, the results of a thermodynamic investigation are presented to elucidate its mechanism and compared with available experimental data. HTE arises from an intergranular alkali-metal-rich liquid phase that segregates into grain boundaries from the matrix and significantly weakens their strength. A new model is developed to describe the tendency of HTE, which shows grain refinement can decrease the tendency. C1 [Zhang, Shengjun] Northwestern Univ, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Han, Qingyou] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Han, Qingyou] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Liu, Zi-Kui] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, SJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM shengjun-zhang@northwestern.edu RI Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 981 EP 986 DI 10.1002/adem.200700183 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 242PL UT WOS:000251737600017 ER PT J AU Boatner, L Longmire, H Gray, A AF Boatner, Lynn Longmire, Hu Gray, Allison TI Interference contrast reveals debonding SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boatner, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM boatnerla@ornl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 165 IS 11 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 231GZ UT WOS:000250935900004 ER PT J AU Sartori, F Lal, R Ebinger, MH Eaton, JA AF Sartori, Fabio Lal, Rattan Ebinger, Michael H. Eaton, James A. TI Changes in soil carbon and nutrient pools along a chronosequence of poplar plantations in the Columbia Plateau, Oregon, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; carbon storage; desert lands; agricultural lands; poplar; short-rotation woody crops; soil cations; soil change; soil inorganic carbon ID WILLOW BIOMASS CROPS; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ORGANIC-MATTER; LOBLOLLY-PINE; HYBRID POPLAR; LAND-USE; SEQUESTRATION; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB Establishment of short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) plantations for meeting the demand of wood and bioenergy production necessitates reclamation of agricultural lands and desert soils, such as those in the southern Columbia Plateau of Oregon, USA. The effects of plantation management on soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient concentration were evaluated, using a chronosequence of poplar (Populus spp.) stands on soils of eolian origin (Xeric Torripsamments). Stands of ages 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years (n = 3 per stand age), as well as adjacent agricultural and desert lands, were compared based on soil C, inorganic C (SIC), total nitrogen (N), and nutrient concentrations within the 0- to 50-cm soil depth. The 7- through 10-year-old stands that were in a first-rotation cycle were irrigated and fertilized. The 1- through 4-year-old stands in a second-rotation cycle received a mulch application treatment in addition to the irrigation and fertilization treatments. At age 11 years, the projected plantation C (147.5 Mg ha(-1)) accumulated almost entirely in the aboveground biomass (62.2%), forest floor (24.3%), and roots (11.7%). There were no significant increases in the mineral soil C and N pools with stand age, despite the presence of increasing trends within the surface layer. The accumulation of the mineral soil C pool (similar to 1.8%), from the first- (23.5 +/- 1.7 Mg C ha(-1)) to the second-rotation stands (26.3 +/- 3.5 Mg C ha(-1)), was partially offset by a loss of SIC due to irrigation. The SIC pool had a decreasing trend, which was related to dissolution of calcite along the soil profile, from the first- (16.7 +/- 3.4 Mg C ha(-1)) to the second-rotation stands (8.4 +/- 5.0 Mg C ha(-1)). Soil pH (r > 0.6) and exchangeable acidity (r = -0.5) patterns were dependent upon the concentration of exchangeable Ca2+. Soil Mg2+ and K+ concentrations were correlated with soil C concentration in the surface layer (r = 0.5). In coarse-textured soils, a decadal time scale was insufficient to measure significant changes in the mineral soil C pool. Carbon benefits may be gained, however, in aboveground (tree and forest floor) and belowground (roots) biomass accumulations. SRWC plantations are an effective land-use option to restore degraded lands of arid regions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Potlatch Corp, Poplar Program, Boardman, OR USA. RP Sartori, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, 210 Kottman Hall,2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fasartori@hotmail.com RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 78 TC 64 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 325 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.026 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 190PX UT WOS:000248072500006 ER PT J AU Wohl, CG AF Wohl, Charles G. TI Scientist as detective: Luis Alvarez and the pyramid burial chambers, the JFK assassination, and the end of the dinosaurs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wohl, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 BP 968 EP 977 DI 10.1119/1.2772290 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 224FO UT WOS:000250433100001 ER PT J AU Klingensmith, AL Burns, PC AF Klingensmith, Amanda L. Burns, Peter C. TI Neptunium substitution in synthetic uranophane and soddyite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE soddyite; uranophane; neptunium; nuclear waste; yucca mountain ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; URANIUM; CORROSION; 90-DEGREES-C; REPOSITORY; UO2; GROUNDWATER; URANINITE AB Alteration of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository under oxidizing conditions may result in uranyl compounds and incorporation of Np-237 into uranyl alteration phases could impact repository performance. Powders of synthetic soddyite, (UO2)(2)(SiO4)(H2O)(2), and uranophane, Ca[(UO2)(SiO3 OH)](2)(H2O)(5), were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions in the presence of Np5+. Synthesis experiments were conducted at various temperatures and pH of the initial solutions. Powders of soddyite exhibit increasing Np concentration with the synthesis temperature at a pH of 4, consistent with substitution of Np5+ for U6+ in the structure. In contrast, the general decrease of the Np concentration in powders of uranophane with increasing synthesis temperature is inconsistent with incorporation of Np5+ into the structure of uranophane. These results further support the possibility that uranyl phases that form in a geological repository may impact Np mobility, but also demonstrate that additional studies of the impact of the crystal structure on incorporation are needed. C1 Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burns, PC (reprint author), Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pburns@nd.edu RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 92 IS 11-12 BP 1946 EP 1951 DI 10.2138/am.2007.2542 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 233OU UT WOS:000251101000019 ER PT J AU Todd, BD AF Todd, Brian D. TI Parasites lost? An overlooked hypothesis for the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies in amphibians SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE anurans; chytrid; disease; iridovirus; life history; salamanders ID POPULATION DECLINES; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CHYTRID FUNGUS; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LIFE-HISTORY; METAMORPHOSIS; XENOPUS AB Amphibians exhibit the greatest diversity of reproductive strategies of all tetrapod vertebrates. While authors have traditionally attributed the evolution of these strategies to factors such as complex topography, unpredictable larval environments, and predation on larvae and eggs, support for any of these hypotheses has been limited. Importantly, most authors have ignored parasites, including unicellular pathogens and multicellular parasites, as selective agents capable of influencing amphibian evolution. Insights in disease transmission, amphibian immunity, and their interaction with various life histories require that we consider parasites to be selective pressures in our exploration of the evolution of amphibian reproductive strategies. I review recent findings and describe how these principles converge to form a novel conceptual hypothesis for the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies in amphibians. I offer some specific predictions and recommend that parasites be considered with other selective pressures when constructing formal, falsifiable hypotheses during evaluative studies of amphibian reproductive behavior. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Todd, BD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM todd@srel.edu NR 57 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 30 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 170 IS 5 BP 793 EP 799 DI 10.1086/521958 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 217XV UT WOS:000249981500013 PM 17926300 ER PT J AU Downing, KH Sui, H Auer, M Berkeley, L AF Downing, Kenneth H. Sui, Haixin Auer, Manfred Berkeley, Lawrence CA Natl Lab TI Electron tomography - A 3d view of the subcellular world SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; CELLULAR TOMOGRAPHY; FLIGHT-MUSCLE; MICROSCOPY; CELLS; VISUALIZATION; SPECIMENS; FROZEN; RECONSTRUCTION AB A convergence of technological has enabled biological applications of tomography, thereby expanding the range of accessible size scales and complexity. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@Ibl.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 21 BP 7949 EP 7957 DI 10.1021/ac071982u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 226JH UT WOS:000250584800007 PM 18044021 ER PT J AU Marginean, I Kelly, RT Page, JS Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Marginean, Ioan Kelly, Ryan T. Page, Jason S. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Electrospray characteristic curves: In pursuit of improved performance in the nanoflow regime SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TAYLOR CONES; LIQUIDS; MODES; DROPLETS; NANOELECTROSPRAY; ATOMIZATION; DISCHARGE; WATER AB Depending on its coordinates in the parameter space, an electrospray can manifest in one of several known regimes - stable, quasi-stable, transitional chaotic, and nonaxial - that ultimately impact measurement sensitivity and precision. An electrospray operating in the cone-jet regime provides relatively large and stable spray current, as well as smaller initial droplets, that are prerequisites for higher sensitivity and quality mass spectrometric analyses. However, the dynamic conditions encountered, for example, in gradient elution-based liquid separations create difficulties for continuous operation in this regime. We present a preliminary study aimed at providing the basis for stabilizing the electrospray in the cone-jet regime. On the basis of spray current measurements obtained using solvent conditions typically found in liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry, an improved description of the cone-jet stability island is provided by including transitions to and from the recently described astable regime. Additionally, the experimental conditions in which the astable regime marks the transition between pulsating and cone-jet regimes are further clarified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Marginean, Ioan/A-4183-2008; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Marginean, Ioan/0000-0002-6693-0361; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-05, RR018522] NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 21 BP 8030 EP 8036 DI 10.1021/ac0707986 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 226JH UT WOS:000250584800017 PM 17896826 ER PT J AU Gjersing, EL Herberg, JL Horn, J Schaldach, CM Maxwell, RS AF Gjersing, Erica L. Herberg, Julie L. Horn, Joanne Schaldach, Charlene M. Maxwell, Robert S. TI NMR metabolornics of planktonic and Biofilm modes of growth in Pseudomonas aeruginesa SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION METHODS; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; CELLS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS; METABOLOMICS; METABOLISM AB Bacteria often reside in communities where the cells have secreted sticky, polymeric compounds that allow them to attach to surfaces. This sessile lifestyle, referred to as a biofilm, affords the cells within these communities a tolerance of antibiotics and antimicrobial treatments. Biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated in cystic fibrosis and are capable of colonizing medical implant devices, such as heart valves and catheters, where treatment of the infection often requires the removal of the infected device. This mode of growth is in stark contrast to planktonic, free floating cells, which are more easily eradicated with antibiotics. The mechanisms contributing to a biofilm's tenacity and a planktonic cell's susceptibility are just beginning to be explored. In this study, we have used a metabolomic approach employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to study the metabolic distinctions between these two modes of growth in P. aeruginosa. One-dimensional H-1 NMR spectra of fresh growth medium were compared with spent medium supernatants from batch and chemostat planktonic and biofilms generated in continual flow system culture. In addition, H-1 high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR techniques were employed to collect H-1 NMR spectra of the corresponding cells. Principal component analysis and spectral comparisons revealed that the overall metabolism of planktonic and biofilm modes of growth appeared similar for the spent media, while the planktonic and biofilm cells displayed marked differences. To determine the robustness of this technique, we prepared cell samples under slightly different preparation methods. Both techniques showed similar results. These feasibility studies show that there exist chemical differences between planktonic and biofilm cells; however, in order to identify these metabolomic differences, more extensive studies would have to be performed, including H-1-H-1 total correlated spectroscopy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herberg, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM herbergl@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 21 BP 8037 EP 8045 DI 10.1021/ac070800t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 226JH UT WOS:000250584800018 PM 17915964 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Li, JW Yeung, ES AF Lee, Ji-Young Li, Jiangwei Yeung, Edward S. TI Single-molecule detection of surface-hybridized human papillorna virus DNA for quantitative clinical screening SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN MOLECULES; AMPLIFICATION; FLUORESCENCE; ISOTHERMS; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROARRAYS; INTERFACE AB We present an improved method to quantify viral DNA in human cells at the single-molecule level. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 DNA was hybridized to probes that were covalently bound to a glass surface and detected with a single-molecule imaging system. In the single-probe mode, the whole genome and target DNA were fluorescently labeled before hybridization. In the dual-probe mode, a second probe was introduced that has a fluorescently labeled 1-kb DNA strand connected to the 50-nt probe sequence. With the single-probe method, the detection limit was 0.7 copy/cell, which was similar to that reported in a flow system earlier. With the dual-probe method, the linear dynamic range covers 1.44-7000 copies/cell, which is typical of early infection to near-cancer stages. Both methods were applied to cell line samples with known HPV-16 infection, and the result showed a good match with the reported viral load. DNA from cervical cells, collected with the Pap smear sampling method, was spiked with HPV-16 DNA and submitted to this assay to show compatibility with conventional sampling methods: The dual-probe method was further tested with a crudely prepared sample. The cells were heat lyzed and spun down, and the supernatant was immediately submitted to hybridization. Even with reduced hybridization efficiency caused by the interference of cellular materials, we were still able to differentiate infected cells with 600 copies/cell from healthy cells. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 21 BP 8083 EP 8089 DI 10.1021/ac071159y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 226JH UT WOS:000250584800024 PM 17914754 ER PT J AU Zinovev, AV Veryovkin, IV Moore, JF Pellin, MJ AF Zinovev, Alexander V. Veryovkin, Igor V. Moore, Jerry F. Pellin, Michael J. TI Laser-driven acoustic desorption of organic molecules from back-irradiated solid foils SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; FRAGMENTATION; IONIZATION; MECHANISMS; EMISSION; SURFACES; GEOMETRY; METALS; ATOMS AB Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) from thin metal foils is a promising technique for gentle and efficient volatilization of intact organic molecules from surfaces of solid substrates. Using the single-photon ionization method combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we have examined the neutral component of the desorbed flux in LIAD and compared it to that from direct laser desorption. These basic studies of LIAD, conducted for molecules of various organic dyes (rhodamine B, fluorescein, anthracene, coumarin, BBQ), have demonstrated detection of intact parent molecules of the analyte even at its surface concentrations corresponding to a submonolayer coating. In some cases (rhodamine B, fluorescein, BBQ), the parent molecular ion peak was accompanied by a few fragmentation peaks of comparable intensity, whereas for others, only peaks corresponding to intact parent molecules were detected. At all measured desorbing laser intensities (from 100 to 500 MW/cm(2)), the total amount of desorbed parent molecules depended exponentially on the laser intensity. Translational velocities of the desorbed intact molecules, determined for the first time in- this work; were of the order of hundreds of meters per second, less than what has been observed in our experiments for direct laser desorption, but substantially greater than the possible perpendicular velocity of the substrate foil surface due to laser-generated acoustic waves. Moreover, these velocities did not depend on the desorbing laser intensity, which implies the presence of a more sophisticated mechanism of energy transfer than direct mechanical or thermal coupling between the laser pulse and the adsorbed molecules. Also, the total flux of desorbed intact molecules as a function of the total number of desorbing laser pulses, striking the same point on the target, decayed following a power law rather than an exponential function, as would have been predicted by the shake-off model. To summarize, the results of our experiments indicate that the LIAD phenomenon cannot be described in terms of simple mechanical shake-off or direct laser desorption. Rather, they suggest that multistep energy-transfer processes are involved. Two possible (and not mutually exclusive) qualitative mechanisms of LIAD that are based on formation of nonequilibrium energy states in the adsorbate-substrate system are proposed and discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MassThink, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. RP Zinovev, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zinovev@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 21 BP 8232 EP 8241 DI 10.1021/ac070584o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 226JH UT WOS:000250584800043 PM 17914890 ER PT J AU Brisbin, IL Peterson, AT AF Brisbin, I. L., Jr. Peterson, A. T. TI Playing chicken with red junglefowl: identifying phenotypic markers of genetic purity in Gallus gallus SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE red junglefowl; Gallus gallus; hybridization; genetic swamping; feral chickens ID MATE CHOICE; GENUS GALLUS; PLUMAGE; FOWL; DOMESTICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; ORGANIZATION; CONSERVATION; CANID AB We report the results of a novel experiment, in which genetically pure male red junglefowl Gallus gallus (Richardson strain) were deliberately crossed with domestic female chickens to create contaminated lines of known purity, reaching as high as 93.75%. Phenotypic characters generally used as indicators of purity (reduced or absent female comb, male eclipse plumage, etc.) all appeared to at least some extent in domestically contaminated progeny and moreso in successively more pure generations of the experiment, suggesting that such phenotypic characters may have little, if any, utility in characterizing red junglefowl stocks as to their genetic purity. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Brisbin, IL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM bris@srel.edu OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00112.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224GD UT WOS:000250434600006 ER PT J AU Fong, JJ Parham, JF Shi, H Stuart, BL Carter, RL AF Fong, J. J. Parham, J. F. Shi, H. Stuart, B. L. Carter, R. L. TI A genetic survey of heavily exploited, endangered turtles: caveats on the conservation value of trade animals SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Mauremys annamensis; Mauremys mutica; Asian turtle crisis; turtle trade; turtle farm; reintroduction; repatriation; translocation ID ASIAN BOX TURTLES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CHINESE TURTLES; TESTUDINES; PHYLOGENY; CUORA; GEOEMYDIDAE; TRANSLOCATION; AMPLIFICATION; BATAGURIDAE AB Asian turtles face an extinction crisis, and so it is imperative that systematists accurately determine species diversity in order to guide conservation strategies effectively. We surveyed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nuDNA) variation of the heavily exploited Mauremys mutica complex, a clade of Asian turtles that contains the endangered M. mutica from Japan, Taiwan, China and Vietnam, and the critically endangered Mauremys annamensis from central Vietnam. We discovered extensive mtDNA and nuDNA variation among samples that did not correspond to the currently recognized taxonomy. Both nuDNA and mtDNA data suggest that M. mutica is paraphyletic with respect to M. annamensis. Surprisingly, M. annamensis exhibits a previously unknown mtDNA structure in the form of two clades that are paraphyletic to M. mutica. These data reveal that the currently recognized taxonomy of the mutica complex does not reflect the genetic diversity of our samples. Unfortunately, many conservation-oriented captive-breeding efforts for turtles are also based on trade samples such as the ones studied here. These efforts include plans to breed trade-rescued individuals and release their progeny into the wild. Because our genetic survey reveals that the taxonomic identity of these samples does not reflect genetic diversity, we raise serious questions about the efficacy of these programs. In order to address conservation issues and provide more accurate estimates of evolutionary lineages within Mauremys, we recommend continued surveys for wild populations of the mutica complex to provide new genetic material and additional distributional data, attempts to extract DNA from historic museum specimens and a shift in conservation focus to in situ preservation of wild populations and associated habitat. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hainan Normal Univ, Dept Biol, Hainan, Haikou, Peoples R China. Field Museum, Dept Zool, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fong, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM j_fong@berkeley.edu OI FONG, Jonathan/0000-0002-3648-6730 NR 58 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00131.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224GD UT WOS:000250434600009 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Maitland, D Wilson, T Tsai, W Savas, O Saloner, D AF Ortega, Jason Maitland, Duncan Wilson, Tom Tsai, William Savas, Omer Saloner, David TI Vascular dynamics of a shape memory polymer foam aneurysm treatment technique SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aneurysm; computational fluid dynamics; shape memory polymer foam; thermal tissue damage ID GUGLIELMI DETACHABLE COILS; NEWTONIAN BLOOD-FLOW; INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS; ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT; THERMAL-DAMAGE; WHOLE-BLOOD; CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS; SACCULAR ANEURYSMS; VESSEL MECHANICS; HEAT-TRANSFER AB The vascular dynamics of a shape memory polymer foam aneurysm treatment technique are assessed through the simulated treatment of a generic basilar aneurysm using coupled fluid dynamics and heat transfer calculations. The shape memory polymer foam, which expands to fill the aneurysm when heated, is modeled at three discrete stages of the treatment procedure. To estimate an upper bound for the maximum amount of thermal damage due to foam heating, a steady velocity is specified through the basilar artery, corresponding to a minimum physiological flow velocity over a cardiac cycle. During expansion, the foam alters the flow patterns within the aneurysm by shielding the aneurysm dome from a confined jet that issues from the basilar artery. The time scales for thermal damage to the artery walls and surrounding blood flow are computed from the temperature field. The flow through the post-treatment bifurcation is comprised of two counter-rotating vortex tubes that are located beneath the aneurysm neck and extend downstream into the outlet arteries. Beneath the aneurysm neck, a marked increase in the wall shear stress is observed due to the close proximity of the counter-rotating vortex tubes to the artery wall. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ortega, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-644, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ortega17@llnl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000462, R01EB000462] NR 82 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1870 EP 1884 DI 10.1007/s10439-007-9358-y PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 223LR UT WOS:000250372400003 PM 17676399 ER PT J AU Podust, LM von Kries, JP Eddine, AN Kim, Y Yermalitskaya, LV Kuehne, R Ouellet, H Warrier, T Altekoster, M Lee, JS Rademann, J Oschkinat, H Kaufmann, SHE Waterman, MR AF Podust, Larissa M. von Kries, Jens P. Eddine, Ali Nasser Kim, Youngchang Yermalitskaya, Liudmila V. Kuehne, Ronald Ouellet, Hugues Warrier, Thulasi Altekoester, Markus Lee, Jong-Seok Rademann, Joerg Oschkinat, Hartmut Kaufmann, Stefan H. E. Waterman, Michael R. TI Small-molecule scaffolds for CYP51 inhibitors identified by high-throughput screening and defined by x-ray crystallography SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE; OXIDOSQUALENE CYCLASE; CYTOCHROME-P450; MACROPHAGES; SEQUENCE; BIOLOGY; P450 AB Sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a major checkpoint in membrane sterol biosynthesis, is a key target for fungal antibiotic therapy. We sought small organic molecules for lead candidate CYP51 inhibitors. The changes in CYP51 spectral properties following ligand binding make CYP51 a convenient target for high-throughput screening technologies. These changes are characteristic of either substrate binding (type I) or inhibitor binding (type II) in the active site. We screened a library of 20,000 organic molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP51 (CYP51(Mt)), examined the top type I and type II binding hits for their inhibitory effects on M. tuberculosis in broth culture, and analyzed them spectrally for their ability to discriminate between CYP51(Mt) and two reference M. tuberculosis CYP proteins, CYP130 and CYP125. We determined the binding mode for one of the top type II hits, alpha-ethyl-N-4-pyridinyl-benzeneacetamide (EPBA), by solving the X-ray structure of the CYP51(Mt)-EPBA complex to a resolution of 1.53 angstrom. EPBA binds coordinately to the heme iron in the CYP51(Mt) active site through a lone pair of nitrogen electrons and also through hydrogen bonds with residues H259 and Y76, which are invariable in the CYP51 family, and hydrophobic interactions in a phylumand/or substrate-specific cavity of CYP51. We also identified a second compound with structural and binding properties similar to those of EPBA, 2-(benzo[d]-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-sulfonyl)-2-amino-2-phenyl-N-(pyridinyl-4)-acetamide (BSPPA). The congruence between the geometries of EPBA and BSPPA and the CYP51 binding site singles out EPBA and BSPPA as lead candidate CYP51 inhibitors with optimization potential for efficient discrimination between host and pathogen enzymes. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Leibniz Inst Mol Pharmacol FMP, Dept Med Chem, D-13125 Berlin, Germany. Max Planck Inst Infect Biol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Podust, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM larissa.podust@ucsf.edu; kries@fmp-berlin.de RI Horstmann, Britta/C-2154-2008; Rademann, Jorg/F-4893-2017; Kaufmann, Stefan HE/I-5454-2014 OI Rademann, Jorg/0000-0001-6678-3165; Kaufmann, Stefan HE/0000-0001-9866-8268 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES00627]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM067871, R01 GM078553, R01 GM37942, R01 GM67871, R37 GM037942] NR 34 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 51 IS 11 BP 3915 EP 3923 DI 10.1128/AAC.00311-07 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 226UB UT WOS:000250612900019 PM 17846131 ER PT J AU Amos, BK Sung, Y Fletcher, KE Gentry, TJ Wu, WM Criddle, CS Zhou, J Loffler, FE AF Amos, Benjamin K. Sung, Youlboong Fletcher, Kelly E. Gentry, Terry J. Wu, Wei-Min Criddle, Craig S. Zhou, Jizhong Loeffler, Frank E. TI Detection and quantification of Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ: Implications for Bioremediation at tetrachloroethene- and uranium-impacted sites SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; HIGHLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; QUANTITATIVE PCR; VINYL-CHLORIDE; GEN. NOV.; ANAEROMYXOBACTER-DEHALOGENANS; DEHALOSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; TRICHLOROBACTER-THIOGENES AB Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ reduces hexavalent uranium, U(VI), to U(IV) and is the first member of the metal-reducing Geobacter group capable of using tetrachloroethene (PCE) as a growth-supporting electron acceptor. Direct and nested PCR with specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted primer pairs distinguished strain SZ from other known chlorinated ethene-dechlorinating bacteria and closely related Geobacter isolates, including its closest cultured relative, G. thiogenes. Detection limits for direct and nested PCR were approximately 1 x 106 and 1 x 10(4) 16S rRNA gene copies per mu I of template DNA, respectively. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) approach increased the sensitivity to as few as 30 16S rRNA gene copies per mu I of template DNA but was less specific. Melting curve analysis and comparison of the shapes of amplification plots identified false-positive signals and distinguished strain SZ from G. thiogenes when analyzed separately. These indicators were less reliable when target (strain SZ) DNA and nontarget (G. thiogenes) DNA with high sequence similarity were mixed, indicating that the development of qPCR protocols should not only evaluate specificity but also explore the effects of nontarget DNA on the accuracy of quantification. Application of specific tools detected strain SZ-like amplicons in PCE-dechlorinating consortia, including the bioaugmentation consortium KB-1, and two chlorinated ethene-impacted groundwater samples. Strain SZ-like amplicons were also detected in 13 of 22 groundwater samples following biostimulation at the uranium- and chlorinated solvent-contaminated Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge (IFC) site in Oak Ridge, TN. The numbers of strain SZ-like cells increased from below detection to 2.3 x 10(7) +/- 0.1 x 10(7) per liter groundwater, suggesting that strain SZ-like organisms contribute to contaminant transformation. The G. lovleyi strain SZ-specific tools will be useful for monitoring bioremediation efforts at uranium- and/or chlorinated solvent-impacted sites such as the Oak Ridge IFC site. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Loffler, FE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr,3228 ES&T Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM frank.loeffler@ce.gatech.edu RI Amos, Benjamin/D-7699-2012; Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 NR 53 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 21 BP 6898 EP 6904 DI 10.1128/AEM.01218-07 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 228AZ UT WOS:000250700600023 PM 17827319 ER PT J AU Murray, KJ Webb, SM Bargar, JR Tebo, BM AF Murray, Karen J. Webb, Samuel M. Bargar, John R. Tebo, Bradley M. TI Indirect oxidation of Co(II) in the presence of the marine Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium Bacillus sp strain SG-1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; SPORES; COBALT; SEAWATER; MN(II); IDENTIFICATION; SEDIMENTS; CR(III); OXIDES; MN AB Cobalt(II) oxidation in aquatic environments has been shown to be linked to Mn(II) oxidation, a process primarily mediated by bacteria. This work examines the oxidation of Co(II) by the spore-forming marine Mn (II)-oxidizing bacterium Bacillus sp. strain SG-1, which enzymatically catalyzes the formation of reactive nanoparticulate Mn(II) oxides. Preparations of these spores were incubated with radiotracers and various amounts of Co(II) and Mn(II), and the rates of Mn(II) and Co(II) oxidation were measured. Inhibition of Mn(II) oxidation by Co(II) and inhibition of Co(II) oxidation by Mn(II) were both found to be competitive. However, from both radiotracer experiments and X-ray spectroscopic measurements, no Co(II) oxidation occurred in the complete absence of Mn(II), suggesting that the Co(II) oxidation observed in these cultures is indirect and that a previous report of enzymatic Co(II) oxidation may have been due to very low levels of contaminating Mn. Our results indicate that the mechanism by which SG-1 oxidizes Co(II) is through the production of the reactive nanoparticulate Mn oxide. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Tebo, BM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM tebo@ebs.ogi.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 21 BP 6905 EP 6909 DI 10.1128/AEM.00971-07 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 228AZ UT WOS:000250700600024 PM 17827312 ER PT J AU Sharp, JO Sales, CM LeBlanc, JC Liu, J Wood, TK Eltis, LD Mohn, WW Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Sharp, Jonathan O. Sales, Christopher M. LeBlanc, Justin C. Liu, Jie Wood, Thomas K. Eltis, Lindsay D. Mohn, William W. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI An inducible propane monooxygenase is responsible for N-nitrosodimethylamine degradation by Rhodococcus sp strain RHA1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NDMA; GENE; BIODEGRADATION; MUTAGENESIS; BACTERIA; GENOME; FATE AB Rhodococci are common soil heterotrophs that possess diverse functional enzymatic activities with economic and ecological significance. In this study, the correlation between gene expression and biological removal of the water contaminant N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is explored. NDMA is a hydrophilic, potent carcinogen that has gained recent notoriety due to its environmental persistence and emergence as a widespread micropollutant in the subsurface environment. In this study, we demonstrate that Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1 can constitutively degrade NDMA and that activity toward this compound is enhanced by approximately 500-fold after growth on propane. Transcriptomic analysis of RHA1 and reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR assays demonstrate that growth on propane elicits the upregulation of gene clusters associated with (i) the oxidation of propane and (ii) the oxidation of substituted benzenes. Deletion mutagenesis of prmA, the gene encoding the large hydroxylase component of propane monooxygenase, abolished both growth on propane and removal of NDMA. These results demonstrate that propane monooxygenase is responsible for NDMA degradation by RHA1 and explain the enhanced cometabolic degradation of NDMA in the presence of propane. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Inst Life Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharp, JO (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, EML CE 1544 Stn 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM jonathan.sharp@epfl.ch RI Sharp, Jonathan/A-4893-2013; Sales, Christopher/N-6560-2013; Eltis, Lindsay/J-8272-2015; OI Sharp, Jonathan/0000-0002-2942-1066; Sales, Christopher/0000-0002-1781-8752; Eltis, Lindsay/0000-0002-6774-8158; Wood, Thomas/0000-0002-6258-529X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [3 P42 ES004705-19S1, P42 ES004705] NR 33 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 21 BP 6930 EP 6938 DI 10.1128/AEM.01697-07 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 228AZ UT WOS:000250700600027 PM 17873074 ER PT J AU Bretschger, O Obraztsova, A Sturm, CA Chang, IS Gorby, YA Reed, SB Culley, DE Reardon, CL Barua, S Romine, MF Zhou, J Beliaev, AS Bouhenni, R Saffarini, D Mansfeld, F Kim, BH Fredrickson, JK Nealson, KH AF Bretschger, Orianna Obraztsova, Anna Sturm, Carter A. Chang, In Seop Gorby, Yuri A. Reed, Samantha B. Culley, David E. Reardon, Catherine L. Barua, Soumitra Romine, Margaret F. Zhou, Jizhong Beliaev, Alexander S. Bouhenni, Rachida Saffarini, Daad Mansfeld, Florian Kim, Byung-Hong Fredrickson, James K. Nealson, Kenneth H. TI Current production and metal oxide reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 wild type and mutants SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; DISSIMILATORY FE(III) REDUCTION; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; REDUCING BACTERIUM; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; MANGANESE REDUCTION AB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe capable of utilizing a broad range of electron acceptors, including several solid substrates. S. oneidensis MR-1 can reduce Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides and can produce current in microbial fuel cells. The mechanisms that are employed by S. oneidensis MR-1 to execute these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Several different S. oneidensis MR-1 deletion mutants were generated and tested for current production and metal oxide reduction. The results showed that a few key cytochromes play a role in all of the processes but that their degrees of participation in each process are very different. Overall, these data suggest a very complex picture of electron transfer to solid and soluble substrates by S. oneidensis MR-1. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Nealson, KH (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM knealson@usc.edu RI Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641; Chang, In Seop/0000-0001-5064-7951 NR 53 TC 252 Z9 260 U1 12 U2 105 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 21 BP 7003 EP 7012 DI 10.1128/AEM.01087-07 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 228AZ UT WOS:000250700600036 PM 17644630 ER PT J AU Hristova, KR Schmidt, R Chakicherla, AY Legler, TC Wu, J Chain, PS Scow, KM Kane, SR AF Hristova, Krassimira R. Schmidt, Radomir Chakicherla, Anu Y. Legler, Tina C. Wu, Janice Chain, Patrick S. Scow, Kate M. Kane, Staci R. TI Comparative transcriptome analysis of Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 exposed to the fuel oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether and ethanol SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-VACCAE JOB5; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; STRAIN PM1; LACTALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ALKANE HYDROXYLASES; UNITED-STATES; MTBE; GENE AB High-density whole-genome cDNA microarrays were used to investigate substrate-dependent gene expression of Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1, one of the best-characterized aerobic methyll tert-butyl ether (MTBE)degrading bacteria. Differential gene expression profiling was conducted with PM1 grown on MTBE and ethanol as sole carbon sources. Based on microarray high scores and protein similarity analysis, an MTBE regulon located on the megaplasmid was identified for further investigation. Putative functions for enzymes encoded in this regulon are described with relevance to the predicted MTBE degradation pathway. A new unique dioxygenase enzyme system that carries out the hydroxylation of tert-butyl alcohol to 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-1-propanol in M. petroleiphilum PM1 was discovered. Hypotheses regarding the acquisition and evolution of MTBE genes as well as the involvement of IS elements in these complex processes were formulated. The pathways for toluene, phenol, and alkane oxidation via toluene monooxygenase, phenol hydroxylase, and propane monooxygenase, respectively, were upregulated in MTBE-grown cells compared to ethanol-grown cells. Four out of nine putative cyclohexanone monooxygenases were also upregulated in MTBE-grown cells. The expression data allowed prediction of several hitherto-unknown enzymes of the upper MTBE degradation pathway in M. petroleiphilum PM1 and aided our understanding of the regulation of metabolic processes that may occur in response to pollutant mixtures and perturbations in the environment. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hristova, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Plant & Environm Sci Bldg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM krhristova@ucdavis.edu RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42ES04699-16, P42 ES004699] NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 73 IS 22 BP 7347 EP 7357 DI 10.1128/AEM.01604-07 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 233PR UT WOS:000251103300029 PM 17890343 ER PT J AU Dearholt, WR Castillo, SP AF Dearholt, William R. Castillo, Steven P. TI Electromagnetic scattering problems utilizing a direct, parallel solver SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Finite-element discretization of the vector wave equation is a common method of analyzing the electromagnetic field scattered by an object. One of the most challenging aspects of this research concerns the solution of the system of equations resulting from the finite-element analysis. Advanced solution algorithms have enabled researchers to generate more realistic computational models for scattering problems. The work presented here represents what is believed to be a unique parallel algorithm offering researchers a method of solving large, sparse systems of equations with advantages that axe not found in previously published works. This research uses a parallel sparse matrix decomposition algorithm to solve very large algebraic systems arising from the finite-element solution of electromagnetic scattering problems. This article provides an overview of the scattering problem and how the direct, parallel algorithm offers an efficient method of solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Coll Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Dearholt, WR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,MS F644, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 395 EP 413 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 237DC UT WOS:000251352200012 ER PT J AU McMahon, KD Yilmaz, S He, SM Gall, DL Jenkins, D Keasling, JD AF McMahon, Katherine D. Yilmaz, Suzan He, Shaomei Gall, Daniel L. Jenkins, David Keasling, Jay D. TI Polyphosphate kinase genes from full-scale activated sludge plants SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enhanced biological phosphorus removal; activated sludge; Rhodocyclus; accumulibacter phosphatis; polyphosphate kinase ID BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ACCUMULATING ORGANISMS; WASTE-WATER; PHOSPHATE REMOVAL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOCYCLUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROPIONATE; DIVERSITY AB The performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment processes depends on the presence of bacteria that accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate. One such group of bacteria has been identified and named Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis. Accumulibacter-like bacteria are abundant in many EBPR plants, but not much is known about their community or population ecology. In this study, we used the polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk1) as a high-resolution genetic marker to study population structure in activated sludge. Ppk1 genes were amplified from samples collected from full-scale wastewater treatment plants of different configurations. Clone libraries were constructed using primers targeting highly conserved regions of ppk1, to retrieve these genes from activated sludge plants that did, and did not, perform EBPR. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that ppk1 fragments were retrieved from organisms affiliated with the Accumulibacter cluster from EBPR plants but not from a plant that did not perform EBPR. A new set of more specific primers was designed and validated to amplify a 1,100 bp ppk1 fragment from Accumulibacter-like bacteria. Our results suggest that the Accumulibacter cluster has finer-scale architecture than previously revealed by 16S ribosomal RNA-based analyses. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahon, KD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tmcmahon@engr.wisc.edu RI McMahon, Katherine/I-3651-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; McMahon, Katherine D./0000-0002-7038-026X NR 28 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 1 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1122-6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 219VB UT WOS:000250115200018 PM 17671784 ER PT J AU da Costa, BMT Cornish, K Keasling, JD AF da Costa, Bernardo M. T. Cornish, Katrina Keasling, Jay D. TI Manipulation of intracellular magnesium levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with deletion of magnesium transporters SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnesium; saccharomyces cerevisiae; alr1; alr2 ID YEAST PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; MG2+ HOMEOSTASIS; INCREASED EXPRESSION; METAL TRANSPORTERS; IRON TRANSPORT; NRAMP FAMILY; PROTEIN; SYSTEM; GENE AB Magnesium is an important divalent ion for organisms. There have been a number of studies in vitro suggesting that magnesium affects enzyme activity. Surprisingly, there have been few studies to determine the cellular mechanism for magnesium regulation. We wished to determine if magnesium levels could be regulated in vivo. It is known that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two magnesium transporters (ALR1 and ALR2) across the plasma membrane. We created S. cerevisiae strains with deletion of one (alr1 or alr2) or both (alr1 alr2) transporters. The deletion of ALR1 resulted in a decrease in intracellular magnesium levels. An increase from 5 to 100 mM in the exogenous magnesium level increased the intracellular levels of magnesium in the alr1 and alr1 alr2 strains, whereas the expression of magnesium transporters from S. cerevisiae or Arabidopsis thaliana led to a change of the intracellular levels of magnesium in those strains. The deletion of magnesium transporters in A. cerevisiae and overexpression of magnesium transporters from A. thaliana also affected the intracellular concentrations of a range of metal ions, which suggests that cells use non-specific transporters to help regulate metal homeostasis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yulex Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 77 IS 2 BP 411 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1177-4 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 224YI UT WOS:000250483900019 PM 17926032 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Dinderman, MA Dressick, WJ Schoen, PE Lubitz, P He, JH Tonucci, RJ Cross, J AF Qadri, S. B. Dinderman, M. A. Dressick, W. J. Schoen, P. E. Lubitz, P. He, J. H. Tonucci, R. J. Cross, J. TI Structural and magnetic properties of FeB microfibers SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IRON AB Structural and magnetic properties of FeB microfibers, obtained by electroless deposition on cellulose fibers, were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of an amorphous phase. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) studies confirmed an amorphous-like structure with the nearest coordination numbers around Fe atom to be 8.7 for Fe and 3.5 for B. The magnetic moment of 2.12 Bohr magnetons/Fe atom is consistent with composition obtained from EXAFS measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s00339-007-4163-x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 204AZ UT WOS:000249016500046 ER PT J AU Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Kim, K Hollberg, L Bergquist, JC Itano, WM Delany, MJ Lorini, L Oskay, WH Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Levi, F Parker, TE Shirley, J AF Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. Kim, K. Hollberg, L. Bergquist, J. C. Itano, W. M. Delany, M. J. Lorini, L. Oskay, W. H. Heavner, T. P. Jefferts, S. R. Levi, F. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. TI Optical-to-microwave frequency comparison with fractional uncertainty of 10(-15) SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RECENT IMPROVEMENTS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; ACCURACY; NIST-F1; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; STABILITY; LEVEL; NOISE; COMB AB We report the technical aspects of the optical-to-microwave comparison for our recent measurements of the optical frequency of the mercury single-ion frequency standard in terms of the SI second as realized by the NIST-F1 cesium fountain clock. Over the course of six years, these measurements have resulted in a determination of the mercury single-ion frequency with a fractional uncertainty of less than 7x10(-16), making it the most accurately measured optical frequency to date. In this paper, we focus on the details of the comparison techniques used in the experiment and discuss the uncertainties associated with the optical-to-microwave synthesis based on a femtosecond laser frequency comb. We also present our most recent results in the context of the previous measurements of the mercury single-ion frequency and arrive at a final determination of the mercury single-ion optical frequency: f(Hg+)= 1064721 609 899 145.30(69) Hz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stalnaker, JE (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 110 N Prof St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM jason.stalnaker@oberlin.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 89 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s00340-007-2762-z PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 227AP UT WOS:000250629900007 ER PT J AU Keegan, RP Van Ausdeln, L AF Keegan, Raymond P. Van Ausdeln, Leo TI Fissile material detection using a prompt fission neutron chamber system SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE prompt fission neutron; fissile; interrogation; nondestructive; package; luggage AB The calculations supporting the design of a chamber system to detect and verify fissile material in items such as mail packages or luggage are described. Stimulated neutrons from fission are separated from those produced by the system 14 MeV neutron generators by time delay. The proposed system design has a chamber volume of 60 x 60 x 90 cm. It is anticipated that at least 1 g of fissile material could be detected in as little as 5 s of interrogation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Ausdeln, L (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont St,PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM leo.vanausdeln@inl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.06.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 230PO UT WOS:000250888600015 PM 17855100 ER PT J AU Patterson, BM Havrilla, GJ Marcott, C Story, GM AF Patterson, Brian M. Havrilla, George J. Marcott, Curtis Story, Gloria M. TI Infrared microspectroscopic imaging using a large radius germanium internal reflection element and a focal plane array detector SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy; FT-IR microspectroscopy; attenuated total internal reflection; ATR; Imaging; forensics ID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS; MAPPING MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPE AB Previously, we established the ability to collect infrared microspectroscopic images of large areas using a large radius hemisphere internal reflection element (IRE) with both a single point and a linear array detector. In this paper, preliminary work in applying this same method to a focal plane array (FPA) infrared imaging system is demonstrated. Mosaic tile imaging using a large radius germanium hemispherical IRE on a FPA Fourier transform infrared microscope imaging system can be used to image samples nearly 1.5 mm X 2 mm in size. A polymer film with a metal mask is imaged using this method for comparison to previous work. Images of hair and skin samples are presented, highlighting the complexity of this method. Comparisons are made between the linear array and FPA methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. RP Patterson, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bpatterson@lanl.gov OI Havrilla, George/0000-0003-2052-7152; Patterson, Brian/0000-0001-9244-7376 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1147 EP 1152 DI 10.1366/000370207782596969 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 230PH UT WOS:000250887900004 PM 18028692 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Swanson, JM Telang, F AF Volkow, Nora D. Fowler, Joanna S. Wang, Gene-Jack Swanson, James M. Telang, Frank TI Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction - Results of imaging studies and treatment implications SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; SMOKING-CESSATION; OPIOID DEPENDENCE; RECEPTORS; STRIATUM; INVOLVEMENT; TOPIRAMATE AB Imaging studies have provided new insights on the role of dopamine (DA) in drug abuse and addiction in the human brain. These studies have shown that the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in human beings are contingent not just on DA increases per se in the striatum (including the nucleus accumbens) but on the rate of DA increases. The faster the increases, the more intense the reinforcing effects. They have also shown that elevated levels of DA in the dorsal striatum are involved in the motivation to procure the drug when the addicted subject is exposed to stimuli associated with the drug (conditioned stimuli). In contrast, long-term drug use seems to be associated with decreased DA function, as evidenced by reductions in D2 DA receptors and DA release in the striatum in addicted subjects. Moreover, the reductions in D2 DA receptors in the striatum are associated with reduced activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (region involved with salience attribution and motivation and with compulsive behaviors) and of the cingulate gyrus (region involved with inhibitory control and impulsivity), which implicates deregulation of frontal regions by DA in the loss of control and compulsive drug intake that characterizes addiction. Because DA cells fire in response to salient stimuli and facilitate conditioned learning, their activation by drugs will be experienced as highly salient, driving the motivation to take the drug and further strengthening conditioned learning and producing automatic behaviors (compulsions and habits). C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274,MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 09481]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 06891, DA 06278, DA 09490] NR 32 TC 253 Z9 262 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1575 EP 1579 DI 10.1001/archneur.64.11.1575 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 229YZ UT WOS:000250843800003 PM 17998440 ER PT J AU Balooch, G Yao, W Ager, JW Balooch, M Nalla, RK Porter, AE Ritchie, RO Lane, NE AF Balooch, Guive Yao, Wei Ager, Joel W. Balooch, Mehdi Nalla, Ravi K. Porter, Alexandra E. Ritchie, Robert O. Lane, Nancy E. TI The aminobisphosphonate risedronate preserves localized mineral and material properties of bone in the presence of Glucocorticoids SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS; CORTICOSTEROID-THERAPY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; MEVALONATE PATHWAY; BISPHOSPHONATES; OSTEOCLAST; PREVENTION; APOPTOSIS; ALENDRONATE AB Objective. Glucocorticoids (GCs) alter bone strength such that patients receiving these medications have a high rate of fragility-related fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess whether concurrent treatment with GCs (prednisolone) and risedronate (an aminobisphosphonate) would prevent the reduction in bone strength induced by GCs, in a mouse model of GC-induced bone loss and in patients enrolled in a clinical study. Methods. We evaluated mice treated with prednisolone pellets alone, GCs plus risedronate, or placebo alone and iliac crest biopsy specimens obtained from patients who were treated with GCs plus placebo or GCs plus risedronate for 1 year. We measured the mass, architecture, and physical and material properties of bone (subject to therapeutic treatments) at nanoscale to macroscopic dimensions, using synchrotron x-ray tomography, elastic modulus mapping, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle x-ray scattering techniques. Results. GC treatment reduced trabecular bone mass, microarchitecture, and the degree of bone mineralization and elastic modulus within the trabeculae. Concurrent treatment with GCs and risedronate prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone architecture, reduced the degree of mineralization, and preserved elastic modulus within the trabeculae, in both mouse and human bone. In addition, treatment with risedronate plus GCs in mice appeared to preserve bone crystal orientation, compared with treatment with GCs alone. Conclusion. Risedronate prevented the localized changes in mineral and material properties of bone induced by GCs, which may ultimately improve bone strength. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Hlth Aging, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Cambridge, Nanosci Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Lane, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med, 4800 Sec Ave, Suite 2600, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM nelane@ucdavis.edu RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K24-AR-48841-03, R01 AR043052, R01-AR-043052-07]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-46661-10] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 56 IS 11 BP 3726 EP 3737 DI 10.1002/art.22976 PG 12 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 230QM UT WOS:000250891000026 PM 17968931 ER PT J AU Faccioli, L Alcock, C Cook, K Prochter, GE Protopapas, P Syphers, D AF Faccioli, Lorenzo Alcock, Charles Cook, Kem Prochter, Gabriel E. Protopapas, Pavlos Syphers, David TI Eclipsing binary stars in the large and small magellanic clouds from the macho project: The sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; Magellanic Clouds; surveys ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY; RR-LYRAE STARS; VARIABLE-STAR; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; ELLIPSOIDAL VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRIC SOLUTIONS; DISTANCE INDICATORS; STELLAR EVOLUTION AB We present a new sample of 4634 eclipsing binary stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), expanding on a previous sample of 611 objects and a new sample of 1509 eclipsing binary stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), that were identified in the light-curve database of the MACHO project. We perform a cross-correlation with the OGLE-II LMC sample, finding 1236 matches. A cross correlation with the OGLE-II SMC sample finds 698 matches. We then compare the LMC subsamples corresponding to the center and periphery of the LMC and find only minor differences between the two populations. These samples are sufficiently large and complete that statistical studies of the binary star populations are possible. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Faccioli, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lfaccioli@lbl.gov; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu; kcook@igpp.ucllnl.org; prochter@astro.ucsc.edu; pprotopapas@cfa.harvard.edu; dsyphers@u.washington.edu NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1993 DI 10.1086/521579 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225LC UT WOS:000250518400023 ER PT J AU Nesvadba, NPH Lehnert, MD De Breuck, C Gilbert, A van Breugel, W AF Nesvadba, N. P. H. Lehnert, M. D. De Breuck, C. Gilbert, A. van Breugel, W. TI Compact radio sources and jet-driven AGN feedback in the early universe: constraints from integral-field spectroscopy SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : formation; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; infrared : galaxies; galaxies : jets ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EMISSION-LINE OUTFLOWS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; BLACK-HOLES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DEEP SPECTROSCOPY; HOST GALAXIES; SPECTRUM; GAS; KINEMATICS AB Aims. To investigate the impact of radio jets during the formation epoch of their massive host galaxies, we present an analysis of two massive, log M-stellar/M-circle dot similar to 10.6 and 11.3, compact radio galaxies at z = 3.5, TNJ0205+2242 and TNJ0121+1320. Their small radio sizes (R <= 10 kpc) are most likely a sign of youth. In particular, we compare their radio properties and gas dynamics with those in well extended radio galaxies at high redshift, which show strong evidence for powerful, jet-driven outflows of significant gas masses (M similar to 10(9-10) M-circle dot). Methods. Our analysis combines rest-frame optical integral-field spectroscopy obtained with SINFONI on the VLT with existing radio imaging, CO(4-3) emission line spectra, and rest-frame UV longslit spectroscopy. Results. [OIII]lambda 5007 line emission is compact in both galaxies and lies within the region defined by the radio lobes. For TNJ0205+2242, the Ly alpha profile narrows significantly outside the jet radius, indicating the presence of a quiescent halo. TNJ0121+1320 has two components at a projected relative distance of similar to 10 kpc and a velocity offset of similar to 300 km s(-1), measured from the [OIII]lambda 5007 velocity map. This suggests that the fainter component is orbiting around the more massive, radio-loud galaxy. If motions are gravitational, this implies a dynamical mass of 2 x 10(11) M-circle dot for the radio-loud component. Conclusions. The dynamical mass, molecular gas mass measured from the CO line emission, and radio luminosity of these two compact radio galaxies imply that compact radio sources may well develop large- scale, energetic outflows as observed in extended radio galaxies, with the potential of removing significant fractions of the ISM from the host galaxy. The absence of luminous emission line gas extending beyond the radio emission in these sources agrees with the observed timescales and outflow rates in extended radio galaxies, and adds further evidence that the energetic, large-scale outflows observed in extended radio sources (Nesvadba et al. 2006, ApJ, 650, 693) are indeed the result of influence of the radio jet. C1 Univ Paris 07, Observ Paris, GEPI, F-92190 Meudon, France. European So Observ, D-85748 Munich, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. RP Nesvadba, NPH (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, Observ Paris, GEPI, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM nicole.nesvadba@obspm.fr OI De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315 NR 59 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 475 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078175 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224WX UT WOS:000250480100014 ER PT J AU Grossan, B Smoot, GF AF Grossan, B. Smoot, G. F. TI Power spectrum analysis of far-IR background fluctuations in 160 mu m maps from the multiband imaging photometer for spitzer SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : diffuse radiation; infrared : general ID PREDICTIONS; REDUCTION; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; EMISSION; COUNTS AB We describe data reduction and analysis of fluctuations in the cosmic far-IR background ( CFIB) in observations with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer ( MIPS) instrument 160 m detectors. We analyzed observations of an 8.5 square degree region in the Lockman Hole, part of the largest low-cirrus mapping observation with this instrument. We measured the power spectrum of the CFIB in these observations by fitting a power law to the IR cirrus component, the dominant foreground contaminant, and subtracting this cirrus signal. The CFIB power spectrum in the range 0.2 arcmin(-1) < k < 0.5 arcmin(-1) is consistent with previous measurements of a relatively flat component. However, we find a large power excess at low k, which falls steeply to the flat component in the range 0.03 arcmin(-1) < k < 0.1 arcmin(-1). This low-k power spectrum excess is consistent with predictions of a source clustering "signature". This is the first report of such a detection in the far-IR. C1 European Sci Inc, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grossan, B (reprint author), European Sci Inc, 2452 Delmer St Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. EM Bruce_Grossan@lbl.gov; GFSmoot@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 474 IS 3 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065480 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224JS UT WOS:000250443900009 ER PT J AU de Putter, R Linder, EV AF de Putter, Roland Linder, Eric V. TI Kinetic k-essence and quintessence SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology; dark energy; quintessence; k-essence; scalar fields ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; DARK ENERGY; SUPERNOVAE; DYNAMICS; MATTER AB Dark energy models with non-canonical kinetic energy terms, k-essence, can have dynamical and sound speed properties distinct from canonical scalar fields, quintessence. Concentrating on purely kinetic term Lagrangians, which can be technically natural, we investigate limits on the equation of state dynamics and sound speed behaviors and the extent to which these models can be separated from quintessence. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Putter, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rdeputter@berkeley.edu NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.05.011 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 230PC UT WOS:000250887400001 ER PT J AU Axelsson, M Engdegard, O Ryde, F Larsson, S Pearce, M Hjalmarsdotter, L Kiss, M Bettolo, CM Arimoto, M Bjornsson, CI Carlson, P Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Kanai, Y Kataoka, J Kawal, N Klamra, W Madejski, G Mizuno, T Ng, J Tajima, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Ueno, M Varner, G Yamamoto, K AF Axelsson, M. Engdegard, O. Ryde, F. Larsson, S. Pearce, M. Hjalmarsdotter, L. Kiss, M. Bettolo, C. Marini Arimoto, M. Bjornsson, C. -I. Carlson, P. Fukazawa, Y. Kamae, T. Kanai, Y. Kataoka, J. Kawal, N. Klamra, W. Madejski, G. Mizuno, T. Ng, J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Ueno, M. Varner, G. Yamamoto, K. TI Measuring energy dependent polarization in soft gamma-rays using compton scattering in PoGOLite SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polarization; X-rays; gamma-rays; compton technique; PoGOLite; Geant4; simulations ID X-RAY; CRAB-NEBULA; ACCRETION DISKS; BEAM TEST; HXD-II; EMISSION; DETECTOR; RADIATION; FLUX; POLARIMETER AB Linear polarization in X-and gamma-rays is an important diagnostic of many astrophysical sources, foremost giving information about their geometry, magnetic fields, and radiation mechanisms. However, very few X-ray polarization measurements have been made, and then only mono-energetic detections, whilst several objects are assumed to have energy dependent polarization signatures. In this paper, we investigate whether detection of energy dependent polarization from cosmic sources is possible using the Compton technique, in particular with the proposed PoGOLite balloon-experiment, in the 25-100 keV range. We use Geant4 simulations of a PoGOLite model and input photon spectra based on Cygnus X-1 and accreting magnetic pulsars (100 mCrab). Effective observing times of 6 and 35 h were simulated, corresponding to a standard and a long duration flight, respectively. Both smooth and sharp energy variations of the polarization are investigated and compared to constant polarization signals using chi-square statistics. We can reject constant polarization, with energy, for the Cygnus X-1 spectrum (in the hard state), if the reflected component is assumed to be completely polarized, whereas the distinction cannot be made for weaker polarization. For the accreting pulsar, constant polarization can be rejected in the case of polarization in a narrow energy band with at least 50% polarization, and similarly for a negative step distribution from 30% to 0% polarization. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Axelsson, M (reprint author), Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM magnusa@astro.su.se NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.06.006 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 230PC UT WOS:000250887400007 ER PT J AU Mena, O Mocioiu, I Quigg, C AF Mena, Olga Mocioiu, Irina Quigg, Chris TI Gravitational lensing of supernova neutrinos SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrinos; gravitational lensing ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; GALACTIC-CENTER; DETECTOR; ABSORPTION; PHOTONS; SN1987A; GALAXY; BURST AB The black hole at the center of the galaxy is a powerful lens for supernova neutrinos. In the very special circumstance of a supernova near the extended line of sight from Earth to the galactic center, lensing could dramatically enhance the neutrino flux at Earth and stretch the neutrino pulse. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Olga.MenaRequejo@roma1.infn.it; irina@phys.psu.edu; quigg@fnal.gov NR 74 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 3 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.07.002 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 230PC UT WOS:000250887400009 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Velasco, AE Swan, H Troja, E Malesani, D Fynbo, JPU Starling, RLC Xu, D Aharonian, F Akerlof, C Andersen, MI Ashley, MCB Barthelmy, SD Bersier, D Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AJ Gehrels, N Goegus, E Gorosabel, J Guidorzi, C Guver, T Hjorth, J Horns, D Huang, KY Jakobsson, P Jensen, BL Kiziloglu, U Kouveliotou, C Krimm, HA Ledoux, C Levan, AJ Marsh, T McKay, T Melandri, A Milvang-Jensen, B Mundell, CG O'Brien, PT Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, R Rowell, G Rujopakarn, W Rykoff, ES Schaefer, BE Sollerman, J Tanvir, NR Thone, CC Urata, Y Vestrand, WT Vreeswijk, PM Watson, D Wheeler, JC Wijers, RAMJ Wren, J Yost, SA Yuan, F Zhai, M Zheng, WK AF Ruiz-Velasco, A. E. Swan, H. Troja, E. Malesani, D. Fynbo, J. P. U. Starling, R. L. C. Xu, D. Aharonian, F. Akerlof, C. Andersen, M. I. Ashley, M. C. B. Barthelmy, S. D. Bersier, D. Ceron, J. M. Castro Castro-Tirado, A. J. Gehrels, N. Goegues, E. Gorosabel, J. Guidorzi, C. Guever, T. Hjorth, J. Horns, D. Huang, K. Y. Jakobsson, P. Jensen, B. L. Kiziloglu, Ue. Kouveliotou, C. Krimm, H. A. Ledoux, C. Levan, A. J. Marsh, T. McKay, T. Melandri, A. Milvang-Jensen, B. Mundell, C. G. O'Brien, P. T. Oezel, M. Phillips, A. Quimby, R. Rowell, G. Rujopakarn, W. Rykoff, E. S. Schaefer, B. E. Sollerman, J. Tanvir, N. R. Thoene, C. C. Urata, Y. Vestrand, W. T. Vreeswijk, P. M. Watson, D. Wheeler, J. C. Wijers, R. A. M. J. Wren, J. Yost, S. A. Yuan, F. Zhai, M. Zheng, W. K. TI Detection of GRB 060927 at z=5.47: Implications for the use of gamma-ray bursts as probes of the end of the dark ages SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gamma rays : bursts (GRB 060927) ID HOST GALAXIES; LIGHT-CURVE; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; GRB AFTERGLOWS; COLUMN DENSITY; MILKY-WAY; REDSHIFT; SWIFT; EVOLUTION AB We report on follow-up observations of the gamma-ray burst GRB 060927 using the robotic ROTSE-IIIa telescope and a suite of larger aperture ground-based telescopes. An optical afterglow was detected 20 s after the burst, the earliest rest-frame detection of optical emission from any GRB. Spectroscopy performed with the VLT about 13 hr after the trigger shows a continuumbreak at lambda approximate to 8070 angstrom, produced by neutral hydrogen absorption at z approximate to 5.6. We also detect an absorption line at 8158 angstrom, which we interpret as Si II lambda 1260 at z = 5. 467. Hence, GRB 060927 is the second most distant GRB with a spectroscopically measured redshift. The shape of the red wing of the spectral break can be fitted by a damped Ly alpha profile with a column density with log (N-H/cm(-2)) = 22-50 +/- 0.15. We discuss the implications of thiswork for the use ofGRBs as probes of the end of the dark ages and draw threemain conclusions: (1) GRB afterglows originating from z less than or similar to 6 should be relatively easy to detect from the ground, but rapid near-infrared monitoring is necessary to ensure that they are found; (2) the presence of large H I column densities in some GRB host galaxies at z > 5 makes the use of GRBs to probe the reionization epoch via spectroscopy of the red damping wing challenging; and ( 3) GRBs appear crucial to locate typical star-forming galaxies at z > 5, and therefore the type of galaxies responsible for the reionization of the universe. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Neil Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Guanajuato, Dept Astron, Guanajuato 36000, Mexico. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. INAF Ist Astrofis Spaz & Fis Cosm Sez Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. Univ Palermo, Sez Astron, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. IAA CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. Istanbul Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Ruiz-Velasco, AE (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Neil Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Guver, Tolga/C-1408-2011; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Guver, Tolga/B-1039-2014; Watson, Darach/E-4521-2015; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; Jakobsson, Pall/L-9950-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842; Watson, Darach/0000-0002-4465-8264; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Jakobsson, Pall/0000-0002-9404-5650; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Thone, Christina/0000-0002-7978-7648; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/0000-0002-0303-499X; Flewelling, Heather/0000-0002-1050-4056; Rowell, Gavin/0000-0002-9516-1581 NR 84 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600001 ER PT J AU Ikeda, M Takeda, A Fukuda, Y Vagins, MR Abe, K Iida, T Ishihara, K Kameda, J Koshio, Y Minamino, A Mitsuda, C Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Obayashi, Y Ogawa, H Sekiya, H Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Ueshima, K Watanabe, H Yamada, S Higuchi, I Ishihara, C Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Mitsuka, G Nakayama, S Nishino, H Okumura, K Saji, C Takenaga, Y Clark, S Desai, S Dufour, F Kearns, E Likhoded, S Litos, M Raaf, JL Stone, JL Sulak, LR Wang, W Goldhaber, M Casper, D Cravens, JP Dunmore, J Kropp, WR Liu, DW Mine, S Regis, C Smy, MB Sobel, HW Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Jang, JS Kim, JY Lim, IT Scholberg, K Tanimoto, N Walter, CW Wendell, R Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Guillian, G Learned, JG Matsuno, S Messier, MD Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishida, T Ishii, T Iwashita, T Kobayashi, T Nakadaira, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Totsuka, Y Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Hiraide, K Maesaka, H Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Sasaki, T Yamamoto, S Yokoyama, M Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Habig, A Sato, T Itow, Y Koike, T Tanaka, T Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Malek, M McGrew, C Sarrat, A Terri, R Yanagisawa, C Tamura, N Idehara, Y Sakuda, M Sugihara, M Kuno, Y Yoshida, M Kim, SB Yang, BS Yoo, J Ishizuka, T Okazawa, H Choi, Y Seo, HK Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Furuse, Y Ishii, H Nishijima, K Ishino, H Watanabe, Y Koshiba, M Chen, S Deng, Z Liu, Y Kielczewska, D Zalipska, J Berns, H Gran, R Shiraishi, KK Stachyra, A Thrane, E Washburn, K Wilkes, RJ AF Ikeda, M. Takeda, A. Fukuda, Y. Vagins, M. R. Abe, K. Iida, T. Ishihara, K. Kameda, J. Koshio, Y. Minamino, A. Mitsuda, C. Miura, M. Moriyama, S. Nakahata, M. Obayashi, Y. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, H. Shiozawa, M. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Ueshima, K. Watanabe, H. Yamada, S. Higuchi, I. Ishihara, C. Ishitsuka, M. Kajita, T. Kaneyuki, K. Mitsuka, G. Nakayama, S. Nishino, H. Okumura, K. Saji, C. Takenaga, Y. Clark, S. Desai, S. Dufour, F. Kearns, E. Likhoded, S. Litos, M. Raaf, J. L. Stone, J. L. Sulak, L. R. Wang, W. Goldhaber, M. Casper, D. Cravens, J. P. Dunmore, J. Kropp, W. R. Liu, D. W. Mine, S. Regis, C. Smy, M. B. Sobel, H. W. Ganezer, K. S. Hill, J. Keig, W. E. Jang, J. S. Kim, J. Y. Lim, I. T. Scholberg, K. Tanimoto, N. Walter, C. W. Wendell, R. Ellsworth, R. W. Tasaka, S. Guillian, G. Learned, J. G. Matsuno, S. Messier, M. D. Hayato, Y. Ichikawa, A. K. Ishida, T. Ishii, T. Iwashita, T. Kobayashi, T. Nakadaira, T. Nakamura, K. Nitta, K. Oyama, Y. Totsuka, Y. Suzuki, A. T. Hasegawa, M. Hiraide, K. Maesaka, H. Nakaya, T. Nishikawa, K. Sasaki, T. Yamamoto, S. Yokoyama, M. Haines, T. J. Dazeley, S. Hatakeyama, S. Svoboda, R. Sullivan, G. W. Turcan, D. Habig, A. Sato, T. Itow, Y. Koike, T. Tanaka, T. Jung, C. K. Kato, T. Kobayashi, K. Malek, M. McGrew, C. Sarrat, A. Terri, R. Yanagisawa, C. Tamura, N. Idehara, Y. Sakuda, M. Sugihara, M. Kuno, Y. Yoshida, M. Kim, S. B. Yang, B. S. Yoo, J. Ishizuka, T. Okazawa, H. Choi, Y. Seo, H. K. Gando, Y. Hasegawa, T. Inoue, K. Furuse, Y. Ishii, H. Nishijima, K. Ishino, H. Watanabe, Y. Koshiba, M. Chen, S. Deng, Z. Liu, Y. Kielczewska, D. Zalipska, J. Berns, H. Gran, R. Shiraishi, K. K. Stachyra, A. Thrane, E. Washburn, K. Wilkes, R. J. TI Search for supernova neutrino bursts at super-kamiokande SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; 23 FEBRUARY 1987; DETECTOR; SIGNAL AB We report the results of a search for neutrino bursts from supernova explosions using the Super-Kamiokande detector. Super-Kamiokande is sensitive to core-collapse supernova explosions via observation of their neutrino emissions. The expected number of events comprising such a burst is similar to 10(4), and the average energy of the neutrinos is in the range of a few tens of MeV for a core-collapse supernova explosion at a typical distance in our galaxy ( 10 kpc); this strong signal means that the detection efficiency anywhere within our galaxy and well past the Magellanic Clouds should be 100%. We examined a data set taken from 1996 May to 2001 July, and from 2002 December to 2005 October, corresponding to 2589.2 live days. However, there is no evidence of such a supernova explosion during the data-taking period. The 90% C. L. upper limit on the rate of core-collapse supernova explosions out to distances of 100 kpc is found to be 0.32 SN yr(-1). C1 Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka Observ, Gifu 5061205, Japan. Miyagi Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Res Ctr Cosm Neutrinos, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Shizuoka Univ, Dept Syst Engn, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan. Shizuoka Univ Welfare, Dept Informat Social Welfare, Shizuoka 4258611, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ikeda, M (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RI Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Nakamura, Kenzo/F-7174-2010; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010; Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011; Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Hiraide, Katsuki/A-4479-2011; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016 OI Raaf, Jennifer/0000-0002-4533-929X; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 24 TC 66 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1086/521547 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XB UT WOS:000250480600039 ER PT J AU Gavriil, FP Strohmayer, TE Swank, JH Markwardt, CB AF Gavriil, Fotis P. Strohmayer, Tod E. Swank, Jean H. Markwardt, Craig B. TI Discovery of 442 Hz pulsations from an X-ray source in the globular cluster NGC 6440 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : individual (NGC 6440); stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS/; MILLISECOND PULSAR; OSCILLATIONS; EMISSION; BURST AB We report on the serendipitous discovery of a 442 Hz pulsar during a Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observation of the globular cluster NGC 6440. The oscillation is detected following a burstlike event which was decaying at the beginning of the observation. The timescale of the decay suggests we may have seen the tail end of a long-duration burst. Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are known to emit thermonuclear X-ray bursts that are sometimes modulated by the spin frequency of the star, the so-called burst oscillations. The pulsations reported here are peculiar if interpreted as canonical burst oscillations. In particular, the pulse train lasted for similar to 500 s, much longer than in standard burst oscillations. The signal was highly coherent and drifted down by similar to 2 x 10(-3) Hz, much smaller than the similar to Hz drifts typically observed during normal bursts, but consistent with orbital motion of the neutron star. The pulsations are reminiscent of those observed during the much more energetic "superbursts"; however, the temporal profile and the energetics of the burst suggest that it was not the tail end nor the precursor feature of a superburst. Rather, it is likely that we caught a portion of an outburst from a new "intermittent" accreting millisecond pulsar, a phenomenon which until now had only been seen in HETE J1900.1-2455. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gavriil, FP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 669 IS 1 BP L29 EP L32 DI 10.1086/523758 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224XC UT WOS:000250480700008 ER PT J AU Wingenter, OW Elliot, SM Blake, DR AF Wingenter, Oliver W. Elliot, Scott M. Blake, Donald R. TI New Directions: Enhancing the natural sulfur cycle to slow global warming SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Geophys Res, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Modeling Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Wingenter, OW (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Geophys Res, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM oliver@nmt.edu NR 1 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 34 BP 7373 EP 7375 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.021 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231FS UT WOS:000250932500020 ER PT J AU Porch, W Chylek, P Dubey, M Massie, S AF Porch, William Chylek, Petr Dubey, Mavendra Massie, Steven TI Trends in aerosol optical depth for cities in India SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric aerosols; climate; trends; global dimming; radiation transfer ID RADIATION; RECORD AB Recent analysis of trends in global short-wave radiation measured with pyranometers in major cities in India support a decrease in solar radiation in many of those cities since 1990. Since direct and diffuse radiation measurements include cloud effects, spring and summer dust and the variable summer monsoon rains, we concentrate in this paper on wintertime (November-February) aerosol optical depth measurements. The aerosol optical depth is derived from cloud-free turbidity measurements beginning in the 1960s and more recent sun photometer direct aerosol optical depth measurements. We compare the sun photometer derived trends with the pyranometer-derived trends using a radiative transfer model. These results are then compared to total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite-derived regional aerosol optical depths from 1980 to 2000. The results show that inclusion of the earlier turbidity measurements helps to establish an increasing regional turbidity trend. However, most of the increasing trend is confined to the larger cities in the Ganges River Basin of India (mainly Calcutta and New Delhi) with other cities showing a much less increase. Regional satellite data show that there is an increasing trend in aerosol off the coast of India and over the Ganges River Basin. The increase over the Ganges River Basin is consistent with population trends over the region during 1980-2000. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Porch, William; Chylek, Petr; Dubey, Mavendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Massie, Steven] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Porch, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wporch@lanl.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 35 BP 7524 EP 7532 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.055 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243WZ UT WOS:000251829300012 ER PT J AU Semin, BK Davletshina, LN Bulychev, AA Ivanov, II Seibert, M Rubin, AB AF Semin, B. K. Davletshina, L. N. Bulychev, A. A. Ivanov, I. I. Seibert, M. Rubin, A. B. TI Effect of calcium Chelators on the formation and oxidation of the slowly relaxing reduced plastoquinone pool in calcium-depleted PSII membranes. investigation of the F-0 yield SO BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW LA English DT Article DE photosystem II; oxygen-evolving complex; calcium; plastoquinone Q(A) plastoquinone Q(B); fluorescence; fluorescence induction kinetics; F-0 ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II PARTICLES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENTS; MN-BINDING SITE; S3 EPR SIGNAL; CHARGE ACCUMULATION; EVOLVING ENZYME; DONOR SIDE; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AB The F-0 fluorescence yield in intact photosystem II (PSII), Ca-depleted PSII (PSII(-Ca/NaCI)), and Mn-depleted PSII membranes was measured before and after dim light treatment (1-2 min), using flash-probe fluorescence and fluorescence induction kinetic measurements. The value of F-0' after the light treatment (F-0') was larger than F0 in dark-adapted PSII membranes and depended on the appearance of the slowly relaxing, reduced plastoquinone pool (t(1/2) = 4 min) formed during preillumination, which was not totally reoxidized before the F-0' measurement. In PSII(-Ca/NaCI) such a pool also appeared, but the F-0' yield was even higher than in intact PSII membranes. In Mn-depleted PSII membranes, the pool did not form. Interestingly, the yield of F-0' in Ca-depleted PSII membranes prepared using chelators (EGTA and citrate) or containing 5 mM EGTA was significantly lower than in PSII(-Ca/NaCl) samples prepared without chelators. These data indicate that chelators inhibit the reduction of Q(A) and Q(B) and formation of the slowly relaxing plastoquinone pool, or alternatively they increase the rate of its oxidation. Such an effect can be explained by coordination of the chelator molecule to the Mn cluster in PSII(-Ca/NaCI) membranes, rather than different amounts of residual Ca2+ in the membranes (with or with out the chelator), since the remaining oxygen-evolving activity (similar to 15%) in PSII(-Ca/NaCI) samples did not depend on the presence of the chelator. Thus, chelators of calcium cations not only have an effect on the EPR properties of the S2 state in PSII(-Ca/NaCI) samples, but can also influence the PSII properties determining the rate of plastoquinone pool reduction and/or oxidation. The effect of some toxic metal cations (Cd, Cu, Hg) on the formation of the slowly relaxing pool in PSII membranes was also studied. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Biophys, Moscow 119991, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Semin, BK (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Biophys, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM semin@biophys.msu.ru; mike_seibert@nrel.gov NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0006-2979 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW+ JI Biochem.-Moscow PD NOV PY 2007 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1205 EP 1215 DI 10.1134/S0006297907110065 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 236BL UT WOS:000251277900006 PM 18205603 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Wright, CT Kenney, KL AF Hess, J. Richard Wright, Christopher T. Kenney, Kevin L. TI Cellulosic biomass feedstocks and logistics for ethanol production SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; feedstock supply; biomass feedstocks; cellulosic biorefinery; cellulosic ethanol; alternative energy AB The economic competitiveness of cellulosic ethanol production is highly dependent on feedstock cost, which constitutes 35-50% of the total ethanol production cost, depending on various geographical factors and the types of systems used for harvesting, collecting, preprocessing, transporting, and handling the material. Consequently, as the deployment of cellulosic ethanol biorefineries approaches, feedstock cost and availability are the driving factors that influence pioneer biorefinery locations and will largely control the rate at which this industry grows. Initial scenarios were postulated to develop a pioneer dry feedstock supply system design case as a demonstration of the current state of technology. Based on this pioneer design, advanced scenarios were developed to determine key cost barriers, needed supply system improvements, and technology advancements to achieve government and private sector cost targets. Analysis of the pioneer supply system resulted in a delivered feedstock cost to the throat of the pretreatment reactor of $37.00 per dry tonne (2002 $). Pioneer supply systems will start by using current infrastructure and technologies and be individually designed for biorefineries using specific feedstock types and varieties based on local geographic conditions. As the industry develops and cost barriers are addressed, the supply systems will incorporate advanced technologies that will eliminate downstream diversity and provide a uniform, tailored feedstock for multiple biorefineries located in different regions. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hess, J. Richard; Wright, Christopher T.; Kenney, Kevin L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jrichard.hess@inl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Editorial support was provided by Idaho National Laboratory's Journal Article Service and Leslie Ovard. NR 14 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD NOV PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1002/bbb.26 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 385MW UT WOS:000261819300011 ER PT J AU Sanchez, FG Coleman, M Garten, CT Luxmoore, RJ Stanturf, JA Trettin, C Wullschleger, SD AF Sanchez, Felipe G. Coleman, Mark Garten, Charles T., Jr. Luxmoore, Robert J. Stanturf, John A. Trettin, Carl Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Soil carbon, after 3 years, under short-rotation woody crops grown under varying nutrient and water availability SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE short-rotation woody crops; soil carbon; stabilized carbon; irrigation; fertilization ID ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCTIVITY; PLANTATIONS; COMPACTION AB Soil carbon contents were measured on a short-rotation woody crop study located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site outside Aiken, SC. This study included fertilization and irrigation treatments on five tree genotypes (sweetgum, loblolly pine, sycamore and two eastern cottonwood clones). Prior to study installation, the previous pine stand was harvested and the remaining slash and stumps were pulverized and incorporated 30cm into the soil. One year after harvest soil carbon levels were consistent with pre-harvest levels but dropped in the third year below pre-harvest levels. Tillage increased soil carbon contents, after three years, as compared with adjacent plots that were not part of the study but where harvested, but not tilled, at the same time. When the soil response to the individual treatments for each genotype was examined, one cottonwood clone (ST66), when irrigated and fertilized, had higher total soil carbon and mineral associated carbon in the upper 30 cm compared with the other tree genotypes. This suggests that root development in ST66 may have been stimulated by the irrigation plus fertilization treatment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Savannah River Inst, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, S Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Wetland Res, S Res Stn, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Sanchez, FG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornvallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM fsanchez@fs.fed.us; mcoleman01@fs.fed.us; gartenctjr@ornl.gov; luxmoorerj@ornl.gov; jstanturf@fs.fed.us; ctrettin@fs.fed.us; wullschlegsd@ornl.gov RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 793 EP 801 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 237FI UT WOS:000251359200005 ER PT J AU Bloyer, DR McNaney, JM Cannon, RM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Bloyer, Don R. McNaney, James M. Cannon, Rowland M. Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. Ritchie, Robert O. TI Stress-corrosion crack growth of Si-Na-K-Mg-Ca-P-O bioactive glasses in simulated human physiological environment SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE stress corrosion; bioactive glass; subcritical crack growth; fatigue; fracture ID CHEMICALLY ASSISTED FRACTURE; TITANIUM IMPLANT ALLOYS; STATIC FATIGUE; SILICATE GLASS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; BODY-FLUID; PROPAGATION; COATINGS; CERAMICS; MODEL AB This paper describes research on the stress-corrosion crack growth (SCCG) behavior of a new series of bioactive glasses designed to fabricate coatings on Ti and Co-Cr-based implant alloys. These glasses should provide improved implant fixation between implant and exhibit good mechanical stability in vivo. It is then important to develop an understanding of the mechanisms that control environmentally assisted crack growth in this new family of glasses and its effect on their reliability. Several compositions have been tested in both static and cyclic loading in simulated body fluid. These show only small dependences of SCCG behavior on the composition. Traditional SCCG mechanisms for silicate glasses appear to be operative for the new bioactive glasses studied here. At higher velocities, hydrodynamic effects reduce growth rates under conditions that would rarely pertain for small natural flaws in devices. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritichie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; FU NIDCR NIH HHS [1 R01 DE11289, R01 DE011289, R01 DE011289-11] NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 33 BP 4901 EP 4911 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.08.005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 221JI UT WOS:000250222800001 PM 17714778 ER PT J AU Chang, CH King, PW Ghirardi, ML Kim, K AF Chang, Christopher H. King, Paul W. Ghirardi, Maria L. Kim, Kwiseon TI Atomic resolution Modeling of the ferredoxin :[FeFe] hydrogenase complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERREDOXIN-THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER COMPLEX; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GREEN-ALGA; NITRITE REDUCTASE; ACTIVE-SITE AB The [FeFe] hydrogenases HydA1 and HydA2 in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii catalyze the final reaction in a remarkable metabolic pathway allowing this photosynthetic organism to produce H(2) from water in the chloroplast. A [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin is a critical branch point in electron flow from Photosystem I toward a variety of metabolic fates, including proton reduction by hydrogenases. To better understand the binding determinants involved in ferredoxin: hydrogenase interactions, we have modeled Chlamydomonas PetF1 and HydA2 based on amino-acid sequence homology, and produced two promising electron-transfer model complexes by computational docking. To characterize these models, quantitative free energy calculations at atomic resolution were carried out, and detailed analysis of the interprotein interactions undertaken. The protein complex model we propose for ferredoxin: HydA2 interaction is energetically favored over the alternative candidate by 20 kcal/mol. This proposed model of the electron-transfer complex between PetF1 and HydA2 permits a more detailed view of the molecular events leading up to H(2) evolution, and suggests potential mutagenic strategies to modulate electron flow to HydA2. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM christopher_chang@nrel.gov RI Chang, Christopher/A-1404-2012; King, Paul/D-9979-2011 OI Chang, Christopher/0000-0003-3800-6021; King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X NR 95 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 9 BP 3034 EP 3045 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.108589 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 221AR UT WOS:000250199300009 PM 17660315 ER PT J AU Moritsugu, K Smith, JC AF Moritsugu, Kei Smith, Jeremy C. TI Coarse-grained Biomolecular simulation with REACH: Realistic extension algorithm via covariance hessian SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; ELASTIC NETWORK MODEL; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; SINGLE-PARAMETER; FOLDED PROTEINS; NMR RELAXATION; DOMAIN MOTIONS AB Coarse-graining of protein interactions provides a means of simulating large biological systems. Here, a coarse-graining method, REACH, is introduced, in which the force constants of a residue-scale elastic network model are calculated from the variance-covariance matrix obtained from atomistic molecular dynamics ( MD) simulation. In test calculations, the C-alpha-atoms variance-covariance matrices are calculated from the ensembles of 1-ns atomistic MD trajectories in monomeric and dimeric myoglobin, and used to derive coarse-grained force constants for the local and nonbonded interactions. Construction of analytical model functions of the distance-dependence of the interresidue force constants allows rapid calculation of the REACH normal modes. The model force constants from monomeric and dimeric myoglobin are found to be similar in magnitude to each other. The MD intra-and intermolecular mean-square. uctuations and the vibrational density of states are well reproduced by the residuescale REACH normal modes without requiring rescaling of the force constant parameters. The temperature-dependence of the myoglobin REACH force constants reveals that the dynamical transition in protein internal. uctuations arises principally from softening of the elasticity in the nonlocal interactions. The REACH method is found to be a reliable way of determining spatiotemporal protein motion without the need for expensive computations of long atomistic MD simulations. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Computat Mol Biophys Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Co, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjc@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 57 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 10 BP 3460 EP 3469 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.111898 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 226HC UT WOS:000250577700012 PM 17693469 ER PT J AU Kim, HD Puglisi, JD Chu, S AF Kim, Harold D. Puglisi, Joseph D. Chu, Steven TI Fluctuations of transfer RNAs between classical and hybrid states SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE-BOND FORMATION; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; 70S RIBOSOME; P-SITE; CATALYSIS; REORGANIZATION; INTERMEDIATE; VIOMYCIN AB Adjacent transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in the A- and P-sites of the ribosome are in dynamic equilibrium between two different conformations called classical and hybrid states before translocation. Here, we have used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to study the effect of Mg2+ on tRNA dynamics with and without an acetyl group on the A-site tRNA. When the A-site tRNA is not acetylated, tRNA dynamics do not depend on [Mg2+], indicating that the relative positions of the substrates for peptide-bond formation are not affected by Mg2+. In sharp contrast, when the A-site tRNA is acetylated, Mg2+ lengthens the lifetime of the classical state but does not change the lifetime of the hybrid state. Based on these findings, the classical state resembles a state with direct stabilization of tertiary structure by Mg2+ ions whereas the hybrid state resembles a state with little Mg2+ assisted stabilization. The antibiotic viomycin, a translocation inhibitor, suppresses tRNA dynamics, suggesting that the enhanced fluctuations of tRNAs after peptide-bond formation drive spontaneous attempts at translocation by the ribosome. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Chu, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM schu@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 10 BP 3575 EP 3582 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.109884 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 226HC UT WOS:000250577700023 PM 17693476 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Cheng, JJ Himmel, ME Skory, CD Adney, WS Thomas, SR Tisserat, B Nishimura, Y Yamamoto, YT AF Sun, Ye Cheng, Jay J. Himmel, Michael E. Skory, Christopher D. Adney, William S. Thomas, Steven R. Tisserat, Brent Nishimura, Yufuko Yamamoto, Yuri T. TI Expression and characterization of Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 endoglucanase in transgenic duckweed Lemna minor 8627 SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidothermus cellulolyticus; endoglucanase E1; gene expression; Lemna minor; transgenic duckweed ID E1 ENDOGLUCANASE; IN-VITRO; CELLULASE; ACCUMULATION; SELECTION; TOBACCO AB Endoglucanase El from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was expressed cytosolically under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic duckweed, Lemma minor 8627 without any obvious observable phenotypic effects on morphology or rate of growth. The recombinant enzyme co-migrated with the purified catalytic domain fraction of the native E1 protein on western blot analysis, revealing that the cellulose-binding domain was cleaved near or in the linker region. The duckweed-expressed enzyme was biologically active and the expression level was up to 0.24% of total soluble protein. The endoglucanase activity with carboxymethylcellulose averaged 0.2 units mg protein I extracted from fresh duckweed. The optimal temperature and pH for El enzyme activity were about 80 degrees C and pH 5, respectively. While extraction with HEPES (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) buffer (pH 8) resulted in the highest recovery of total soluble proteins and El enzyme, extraction with citrate buffer (pH 4.8) at 65 degrees C enriched relative amounts of El enzyme in the extract. This study demonstrates that duckweed may offer new options for the expression of cellulolytic enzymes in transgenic plants. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Yamamoto, YT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yuri_yamamoto@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 BP 2866 EP 2872 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.055 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 186DK UT WOS:000247759100013 PM 17127051 ER PT J AU Schell, DJ Dowe, N Ibsen, KN Riley, CJ Ruth, MF Lumpkin, RE AF Schell, Daniel J. Dowe, Nancy Ibsen, Kelly N. Riley, Cynthia J. Ruth, Mark F. Lumpkin, Robert E. TI Contaminant occurrence, identification and control in a pilot-scale corn fiber to ethanol conversion process SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; pilot plant; fermentation; contamination; antibiotics ID ACID AB While interest in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks is increasing, there is still relatively little pilot-plant data and operating experience available for this emerging industry. A series of batch and continuous fermentation runs were performed in a pilot-plant, some lasting up to six weeks, in which corn fiber-derived sugars were fermented to ethanol using glucose-fermenting and recombinant glucose/xylose-fermenting yeasts. However, contamination by Lactobacillus bacteria was a common occurrence during these runs. These contaminating microorganisms were found to readily consume arabinose, a sugar not utilized by the yeast, producing acetic and lactic acids that had a detrimental effect on fermentation performance. The infections were ultimately controlled with the antibiotic virginiamycin, but routine use of antibiotics is cost prohibitive. The severity of the problem encountered during this work is probably due to use of a highly contaminated feedstock. Lignocellulosic conversion facilities will not employ aseptic designs. Instead, techniques similar to those employed in the corn-based fuel ethanol industry to control infections will be used. Effective control may also be possible by using fermentative microorganisms that consume all biomass-derived sugars. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SWAN Biomass Co, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. RP Schell, DJ (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dan_schell@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 98 IS 15 BP 2942 EP 2948 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.002 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 186DK UT WOS:000247759100024 PM 17110099 ER PT J AU Selig, MJ Viamajala, S Decker, SR Tucker, MP Himmel, ME Vinzant, TB AF Selig, Michael J. Viamajala, Sridhar Decker, Stephen R. Tucker, Melvin P. Himmel, Michael E. Vinzant, Todd B. TI Deposition of lignin droplets produced during dilute acid pretreatment of maize stems retards enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; WHEAT-STRAW; CORN STOVER; KRAFT PULP; SACCHARIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; RESIDUES; SOFTWOOD; XYLAN; LIGHT AB Electron microscopy of lignocellulosic biomass following high-temperature pretreatment revealed the presence of spherical formations on the surface of the residual biomass. The hypothesis that these droplet formations are composed of lignins and possible lignin carbohydrate complexes is being explored. Experiments were conducted to better understand the formation of these "lignin" droplets and the possible implications they might have on the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass. It was demonstrated that these droplets are produced from corn stover during pretreatment under neutral and acidic pH at and above 130 degrees C, and that they can deposit back onto the surface of residual biomass. The deposition of droplets produced under certain pretreatment conditions (acidic pH; T > 150 degrees C) and captured onto pure cellulose was shown to have a negative effect (5-20%) on the enzymatic saccharification of this substrate. It was noted that droplet density (per unit area) was greater and droplet size more variable under conditions where the greatest impact on enzymatic cellulose conversion was observed. These results indicate that this phenomenon has the potential to adversely affect the efficiency of enzymatic conversion in a lignocellulosic biorefinery. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Selig, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 206 Z9 216 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1339 DI 10.1021/bp0702018 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 239VW UT WOS:000251547400010 PM 17973399 ER PT J AU Shin, M Kucik, JE Correa, A AF Shin, Mikyong Kucik, James E. Correa, Adolfo TI Causes of death and case fatality rates among infants with down syndrome in metropolitan Atlanta SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE down syndrome; cause of death; case fatality rate ID LIFE EXPECTANCY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; ACCURACY; SURGERY AB BACKGROUND: There is limited population-based information on the extent of underreporting of congenital heart defects (CHD) as a cause of death among infants with Down syndrome (DS) and on the variation in case fatality by presence of CHD and age at death. METHODS: Using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), we identified infants with DS born 1979-2003. We used data from Georgia death certificates and the National Death Index to determine vital status and identify causes of death. Using MACDP records as a reference, we calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value of reports of CHD as any cause of death or contributing condition in death certificates. We calculated race-specific case fatality rate by infant's age at death and presence of CHD. RESULTS: CHD was the most frequently reported cause of death from death certificates; however, a review of causes of death and birth defects data indicated a potentially greater impact of CHD among DS infant deaths than could be determined from the reported cause of death. The case fatality rate among infants with DS was significantly higher among blacks than whites, with the greatest racial disparity observed among infants without CHD who died in the post-neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts are needed to improve reporting of causes of death related to CHD among infants with DS that would allow for a clearer assessment of determinants of case fatality among DS infants and identification of possible ways to reduce the racial disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mshin@ccic.gov NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 79 IS 11 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1002/bdra.20414 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 234HA UT WOS:000251150100007 PM 17990337 ER PT J AU Mankelow, T Burton, N Stefansdottir, F Spring, FA Parsons, SF Pedersen, JS Oliveira, CLP Lammie, D Wess, T Mohandas, N Chasis, JA Brady, RL Anstee, DJ AF Mankelow, Tosti Burton, Nicholas Stefansdottir, Fanney Spring, Frances A. Parsons, Stephen F. Pedersen, Jan S. Oliveira, Cristiano L. P. Lammie, Donna Wess, Timothy Mohandas, Narla Chasis, Joel Anne Brady, R. Leo Anstee, David J. TI The Laminin 511/521-binding site on the Lutheran blood group glycoprotein is located at the flexible junction of Ig domains 2 and 3 SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CELL-ADHESION-MOLECULE; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN-BINDING; SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; SOLUTION SCATTERING; SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN; HOMOPHILIC ADHESION; ZIPPER MECHANISM; HIGH-AFFINITY AB The Lutheran blood group glycoprotein, first discovered on erythrocytes, is widely expressed in human tissues. It is a ligand for the alpha 5 subunit of Laminin 511/521, an extracellular matrix protein. This interaction may contribute to vaso-occlusive events that are an important cause of morbidity in sickle cell disease. Using x-ray crystallography, small-angle x-ray scattering, and site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the extracellular region of Lutheran forms an extended structure with a distinctive bend between the second and third immunoglobulin-like domains. The linker between domains 2 and 3 appears to be flexible and is a critical determinant in maintaining an overall conformation for Lutheran that is capable of binding to Laminin. Mutagenesis studies indicate that Asp312 of Lutheran and the surrounding cluster of negatively charged residues in this linker region form the Laminin-binding site. Unusually, receptor binding is therefore not a function of the domains expected to be furthermost from the plasma membrane. These studies imply that structural flexibility of Lutheran may be essential for its interaction with Laminin and present a novel opportunity for the development of therapeutics for sickle cell disease. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Biochem, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. BITS, Natl Blood Serv, Bristol BS10 5ND, Avon, England. Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Cardiff Univ, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Cardiff, Wales. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brady, RL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Biochem, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. EM mankelow@nbs.nhs.uk; l.brady@bris.ac.uk RI Pedersen, Jan/A-8346-2008; Burton, Nick/C-7064-2013; Fluidos Complexos, INCT/H-9172-2013; Oliveira, Cristiano/B-4403-2008 OI Pedersen, Jan/0000-0002-7768-0206; Oliveira, Cristiano/0000-0002-3426-6507 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 32094, DK 56267, P01 DK032094, R01 DK056267] NR 57 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 9 BP 3398 EP 3406 DI 10.1182/blood-2007-06-094748 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 230UJ UT WOS:000250901200046 PM 17638854 ER PT J AU Yao, W Cheng, ZQ Koester, KJ Ager, JW Balooch, M Pham, A Chefo, S Busse, C Ritchie, RO Lane, NE AF Yao, Wei Cheng, Zhiqiang Koester, Kurt J. Ager, Joel W. Balooch, Mehdi Pham, Aaron Chefo, Solomon Busse, Cheryl Ritchie, Robert O. Lane, Nancy E. TI The degree of bone mineralization is maintained with single intravenous bisphosphonates in aged estrogen-deficient rats and is a strong predictor of bone strength SO BONE LA English DT Article DE intravenous bisphosphonates; bone mineralization; compression strength; rat; OVX ID MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; 3-AND 5-YEAR TREATMENT; ILIAC CREST BIOPSIES; TRABECULAR BONE; POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; RISEDRONATE TREATMENT; DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; OSTEOPENIC RATS; INCREASES; TURNOVER AB The treatment of osteoporotic women with bisphosphonates significantly reduces the incidence of bone fractures to a degree greater than can be explained by an increase in bone mineral density. In this study, 18 month Fischer 344 rats were ovariectornized and treated with a single dose of risedronate (intravenous, iv, 500 mu g), zoledronic acid (iv, 100 mu g) or continuous raloxifene (2 mg/kg, po, 3x/week). High resolution microCT was used to measure lumbar vertebral bone microarchitecture, the degree of bone mineralization (DBM) and the distribution of mineral. Small angle Xray scattering was used to investigate mineral crystallinity. We found prolonged estrogen deficiency, reduced trabecular bone volume, and increased micro architecture bone compression strength lowered the degree of mineralization. Treatment with resorptive agents (bisphosphonates > raloxifene) prevented the loss of mineralization, trabecular bone volume and bone compression strength. Crystal size was not changed with OVX or with anti-resorptive treatments. In conclusion, in the aged estrogen-deficient rat model, single intravenous doses of two bisphosphonates were effective in maintaining the compressive bone strength for 180 days by reducing bone turnover, and maintaining the DBM to a greater degree than with raloxifene. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Aging, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lane, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Aging, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM nancy.lane@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR043052-07, R01 AR043052]; NICHD NIH HHS [1 K12 HD05195801, K12 HD051958] NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 804 EP 812 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.021 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225PD UT WOS:000250528900008 PM 17825637 ER PT J AU Waters, KM Tan, RM Genetos, DC Verma, S Yellowley, CE Karin, NJ AF Waters, Katrina M. Tan, Ruimin Genetos, Damian C. Verma, Seema Yellowley, Clare E. Karin, Norman J. TI DNA microarray analysis reveals a role for lysophosphatidic acid in the regulation of anti-inflammatory genes in MC3T3-E1 cells SO BONE LA English DT Article DE lysophosphatidic acid; osteoblast; gene expression; DNA microarray; inflammation ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; MICE LACKING THROMBOSPONDIN-2; OSTEOBLASTIC CELLS; SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR; BONE-FORMATION; LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID RECEPTORS; COUPLED RECEPTORS; G(I) PROTEINS; EXPRESSION AB Lysophosphatirlic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid with functional properties that overlap those of growth factors and cytokines. LPA production in vivo is linked to platelet degranulation and the biological activities of this lipid are associated with wound healing. Osteoblasts and their progenitor cells are exposed to high levels of this lipid factor in regions adjacent to bone fractures and we postulate a role for LPA in skeletal healing. The regeneration of bone injuries requires a complex array of changes in gene expression, but the effects of LPA on mRNA levels in bone cells have not been investigated. We performed a genome-wide expression analysis in LPA-treated MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. Cells exposed to LPA for 6 h exhibited 513 regulated genes, whereas changes in the levels of 54 transcripts were detected after a 24-h LPA treatment. Gene ontology analysis linked LPA-regulated gene products to biological processes that are known to govern bone healing, including cell proliferation, response to stress, organ development, chemotaxis/motility, and response to stimuli. Among the gene products most highly up-regulated by LPA were transcripts encoding the anti-inflammatory proteins sST2, ST2L, and heat-shock protein 25 (HSP25). RT-PCR analysis confirmed that these mRNAs were increased significantly in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts exposed to LPA. The response of cells to LPA is mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors, and the stimulation of anti-inflammatory gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells was blocked by Ki16425, an inhibitor of LPA(1) and LPA(3) receptor forms. Pertussis toxin impaired only the LPA-induced expression of sST2. LPA-stimulated levels of sST2, ST2L and HSP25 mRNAs persisted if the cytosolic Ca(2+) elevations elicited by this lipid were blocked with BAPTA. In contrast to the stimulatory effect of LPA, exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to fluid shear reduced the transcript levels of all three anti-inflammatory genes. The induction of sST2, ST2L and HSP25 expression by LPA suggests a role for this lipid factor in the regulation of osteoblastic cell function during periods of inflammation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Karin, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, POB 999,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Nonnan.Karin@pnl.gov RI Genetos, Damian/A-6480-2012; OI Genetos, Damian/0000-0002-8599-2867 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD NOV PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.029 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 225PD UT WOS:000250528900011 PM 17719864 ER PT J AU Reluga, TC Medlock, J Poolman, E Galvani, AP AF Reluga, Timothy C. Medlock, Jan Poolman, Eric Galvani, Alison P. TI Optimal timing of disease transmission in an age-structured population SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-dependent virulence; population games; optimal behavior ID MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS AB It is a common medical folk-practice for parents to encourage their children to contract certain infectious diseases while they are young. This folk-practice is controversial, in part, because it contradicts the long-term public health goal of minimizing disease incidence. We study an epidemiological model of infectious disease in an age-structured population where virulence is age-dependent and show that, in some cases, the optimal behavior will increase disease transmission. This provides a rigorous justification of the concept of "endemic stability," and demonstrates that folk-practices may have been historically justified. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reluga, TC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM timothy@reluga.org FU NIMH NIH HHS [2 T32 MH020031-07] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2711 EP 2722 DI 10.1007/s11538-007-9238-5 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 224RB UT WOS:000250463000011 PM 17701261 ER PT J AU Haynes, JM Marchand, RT Luo, Z Bodas-Salcedo, A Stephens, GL AF Haynes, J. M. Marchand, R. T. Luo, Z. Bodas-Salcedo, A. Stephens, G. L. TI A multipurpose radar simulation package: QuickBeam SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; ECMWF; MODEL AB The launch of the CloudSat cloud radar has provided some of the first near-global views of the three-dimensional structure of clouds from space. To evaluate clouds in numerical models and compare them to the observations made by CloudSat, it is useful to have a tool that converts modeled clouds to radar returns that might be viewed by a radar system on a satellite passing over the model domain. QuickBeam is a user-friendly radar simulation package that performs this function and is freely available to the :meteorological community. The workings of the simulator are briefly described and several applications of the simulator to numerical models are demonstrated. C1 [Haynes, J. M.; Luo, Z.; Stephens, G. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Marchand, R. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bodas-Salcedo, A.] Hadley Ctr Climate Change, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Haynes, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM haynes@atmos.colostate.edu NR 7 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 88 IS 11 BP 1723 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-11-1723 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240NY UT WOS:000251595500017 ER PT J AU Burchell, T Yahr, T Battiste, R AF Burchell, Tim Yahr, Terry Battiste, Rick TI Modeling the multiaxial strength of H-451 nuclear grade graphite SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE AB The core of a prismatic High Temperature Reactor (HTR) is constructed from an array of nuclear graphite components. Similarly, the core of a Pebble Bed HTR is confined by large graphite blocks which define the (annular) core geometry. In both HTR designs the large graphite components act as neutron moderator and reflector as well as providing mechanical support to the active core. During reactor operation the graphite components of the core are subjected to complex stress states. Consequently, core designers need a suitable theory of failure. Both deterministic (e.g., maximum principal stress theory) and probabilistic (e.g., Weibull failure theory) have been considered. To test candidate failure theories a multiaxial testing program was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory on H-451 graphite. Large specimens (similar to 27 cm, length) were subjected to combined axial stress (tension and compression) and internal pressure. A total of 59 specimens were tested at 9 stress ratios in the first and fourth stress quadrants. Here, we report the basis and performance of a micro structurally based graphite fracture model and multiaxial strength data for grade H-451 graphite, along with the application of the model to predict the failure envelope for H-451 graphite in the first and fourth multiaxial quadrants. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM BurchellTD@ornl.gov RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 13 BP 2570 EP 2583 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.08.015 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 232QG UT WOS:000251033600015 ER PT J AU Savoskin, MV Mochalin, VN Yaroshenko, AP Lazareva, NI Konstantinova, TE Barsukov, IV Prokofiev, LG AF Savoskin, Michael V. Mochalin, Vadym N. Yaroshenko, Alexander P. Lazareva, Nina I. Konstantinova, Tatjana E. Barsukov, Igor V. Prokofiev, Louri G. TI Carbon nanoscrolls produced from acceptor-type graphite intercalation compounds SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBES; GROWTH; ENERGY; ROUTE; SALTS AB A low-temperature wet chemistry technique for producing carbon nanoscrolls is described. The technique is based on the use of readily available acceptor-type graphite intercalation compounds. The initial graphite intercalation compound is first exfoliated to produce a suspension of graphene monolayers in ethanol which is subsequently sonicated yielding a suspension of carbon nanoscrolls. The technique does not require heating and the use of inert atmosphere thus providing an improvement compared to the previously reported methods. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Savoskin, Michael V.; Mochalin, Vadym N.; Yaroshenko, Alexander P.; Lazareva, Nina I.] Natl Acad Sci, LM Litvinenko Inst Phys Organ & Coal Chem, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. [Konstantinova, Tatjana E.] Natl Acad Sci, AA Galkin Donetsk Phys & Tech Inst, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. [Barsukov, Igor V.] Super Graphite Co, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. [Prokofiev, Louri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mochalin, VN (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mail2mochalin@yahoo.com OI Mochalin, Vadym/0000-0001-7403-1043 NR 14 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 14 BP 2797 EP 2800 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.09.031 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 244MP UT WOS:000251870300011 ER PT J AU Yang, JB Liu, DJ AF Yang, Junbing Liu, Di-Jia TI Three-dimensionally structured electrode assembly for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell based on patterned and aligned carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Letter ID MICROPATTERNS C1 [Yang, Junbing; Liu, Di-Jia] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM liud@cmt.anl.gov RI Yang, Junbing/E-4316-2010 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 14 BP 2845 EP 2848 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.09.030 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 244MP UT WOS:000251870300019 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Kay, BD White, JM Dohnalek, Z AF Kim, Yu Kwon Kay, Bruce D. White, J. M. Dohnalek, Zdenek TI Inductive effect of alkyl chains on alcohol dehydration at bridge-bonded oxygen vacancies of TiO2(110) SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alcohols; heterogeneous catalysis; TiO2(110); dehydration; oxygen vacancies ID ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; OXIDE CATALYSTS; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; TIO2; DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION; 2-BUTANOL; SITES AB The activation energies for alkene formation via dehydration of alcohols on bridge-bonded oxygen (BBO) vacancy sites of TiO2(110) is found to correlate with the inductive electron donating effect of alcohol alkyl groups as measured by the Taft parameter. Based on this correlation we conclude that the reaction involves a single transition state that undergoes concerted rupture of the C-O bond of the alkoxide and a C-H bond of the alkyl group attached to the beta-carbon. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfac Catalysis, Fund Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Dohnalek, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfac Catalysis, Fund Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yukwon.Kim@pnl.gov; Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov; JMWhite@mail.utexas.edu; Zdenek.Dohnalek@pnl.gov OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10562-007-9199-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 221NP UT WOS:000250234900001 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Meyer, TJ AF Huynh, My Hang V. Meyer, Thomas J. TI Proton-coupled electron transfer SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; TYROSINE Y-Z; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION ENERGIES; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE MIMETICS C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explosive Sci & Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI046611]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM087566] NR 843 TC 667 Z9 670 U1 35 U2 343 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 107 IS 11 BP 5004 EP 5064 DI 10.1021/cr0500030 PG 61 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 231SX UT WOS:000250970400012 PM 17999556 ER PT J AU Holder, AL Lucas, D Goth-Goldstein, R Koshland, CP AF Holder, Amara L. Lucas, Donald Goth-Goldstein, Regine Koshland, Catherine P. TI Inflammatory response of lung cells exposed to whole, filtered, and hydrocarbon denuded diesel exhaust SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE air-liquid interface; combustion particles; human bronchial epithelial cells; interleukin-8 ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; TEST STRATEGY; PARTICLES; MACROPHAGE; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; DIOXIDE; SYSTEM; SMOKE AB In vitro studies with the organic extracts of diesel particles have suggested that hydrocarbons such as PAH may play a role in an inflammatory response, but these have been limited by the possible artifacts introduced in the particle collection and processing. In this study, we avoid these artifacts and use an activated carbon denuder to remove hydrocarbons from the exhaust stream to investigate their role in the inflammatory response. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o) were exposed at the air-cell interface to diluted and aged exhaust from a diesel generator operated at partial and no load conditions. When particles were removed with a filter before cell exposure, exhaust gases accounted for almost half of the response compared to the whole exhaust. Removal of gas phase and a portion of the particle phase hydrocarbons with the denuder decreased the interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion to unexposed levels. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technologies Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holder, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 70108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aholder@lbl.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES 047050-01] NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.036 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 237XD UT WOS:000251408800002 PM 17767946 ER PT J AU Li, CY Allain, JP Deng, BQ AF Li Cheng-Yue Allain, J. P. Deng Bai-Quan TI Effects of a liquid lithium curtain as the first wall in a fusion reactor plasma SO CHINESE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE liquid lithium curtain; first wall; fuel dilution; effective plasma charge; plasma-wall interaction ID TOKAMAK; EROSION; LIMITER; DEVICES; DESIGN; ALPS AB This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder (FEB-E). The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Phys Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Phys Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM leecy@uestc.edu.cn OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1009-1963 J9 CHINESE PHYS JI Chin. Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 16 IS 11 BP 3312 EP 3318 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232XG UT WOS:000251053800028 ER PT J AU Ju, YL Gu, Y Dodd, J Galea, R Leltchouk, M Willis, W Rehak, P Tcherniatine, V AF Ju YongLin Gu Yan Dodd, J. Galea, R. Leltchouk, M. Willis, W. Rehak, P. Tcherniatine, V. TI Detection of low energy solar neutrinos by a two-phase cryogenic e-bubble detector SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cryogenic detector; solar neutrinos; electron bubble ID HELIUM; TPC AB A new two-phase cryogenic neutrino detector using electron bubble (e-bubble) specifically in liquid helium is proposed and being developed for real time, high rate measurements of low-energy p-p reaction neutrinos from the sun. The e-bubble detector is a time projection chamber-like (TPC) tracking detector. The task of such a neutrino detector is to detect the ionization of the elastically scattered target electrons by incident neutrinos, and then to characterize their energy and direction and to distinguish them from radioactive backgrounds. The ionization signals are expected to be small and hence undergo avalanche amplification in the saturated vapor above the liquid phase by gas electron multipliers (GEMs) at high gain. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback give a good spatial resolution and are the major advantages of this technology. It should be possible to construct such a detector to track charged particles down to 100-200 keV in a massive liquid helium target with fractional millimeter spatial resolution in three-dimensional space, using the GEM-based TPC with a high-resolution CCD camera, for both the electronic and light readout. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ju, YL (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Refrigerat & Cryogen, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM yju@sjtu.edu.cn NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 21 BP 3011 EP 3015 DI 10.1007/s11434-007-0431-6 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224RF UT WOS:000250463400019 ER PT J AU Perkins, J Parida, S Clavijo, A AF Perkins, Julie Parida, Satya Clavijo, Alfonso TI Use of a standardized bovine serum panel to evaluate a multiplexed nonstructural protein antibody assay for serological surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIRECT-CONTACT CHALLENGE; INFECTED CATTLE; DIFFERENTIATING INFECTION; SERODIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY; MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; EMERGENCY VACCINATION; LIQUID-PHASE; VIRUS FMDV; ELISA AB Liquid array technology has previously been used to show proof of principle of a multiplexed nonstructural protein serological assay to differentiate foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected and vaccinated animals. The current multiplexed assay consists of synthetically produced peptide signatures 3A, 3B, and 3D and the recombinant protein signature 3ABC in combination with four controls. To determine the diagnostic specificity of each signature in the multiplex, the assay was evaluated against a naive population (n = 104) and a vaccinated population (n = 94). Subsequently, the multiplexed assay was assessed by using a panel of bovine sera generated by the World Reference Laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease in Pirbright, United Kingdom. This serum panel has been used to assess the performance of other singleplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based nonstructural protein antibody assays. The 3ABC signature in the multiplexed assay showed performance comparable to that of a commercially available nonstructural protein 3ABC ELISA (Cedi test), and additional information pertaining to the relative diagnostic sensitivity of each signature in the multiplex was acquired in one experiment. The encouraging results of the evaluation of the multiplexed assay against a panel of diagnostically relevant samples promote further assay development and optimization to generate an assay for routine use in foot-and-mouth disease serological surveillance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Pirbright Lab, Surrey GU24 0NF, England. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada. RP Perkins, J (reprint author), MagIC Technol, 463 S Milpitas Blvd, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. EM julie.perkins@magictech.com RI Parida, Satya/E-5463-2015 OI Parida, Satya/0000-0001-8253-9461 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1472 EP 1482 DI 10.1128/CVI.00227-07 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 233YI UT WOS:000251125800013 PM 17913861 ER PT J AU Luu, T Soltz, R Vranas, P AF Luu, Thomas Soltz, Ron Vranas, Pavlos TI Simulating the birth of the Universe on a petaflop SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Luu, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tluu@llnl.gov; soltz@llnl.gov; vranasp@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.118 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 221TB UT WOS:000250249100013 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Li, N AF Zhang, Jinsuo Li, Ning TI Analysis on liquid metal corrosion-oxidation interactions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquid metals/alloys; maps; models; corrosion; oxidation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; DIFFUSION MASS-TRANSFER; LEAD-BISMUTH; EROSION-OXIDATION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; STEEL CORROSION; OXYGEN; VOLATILIZATION; ALLOYS; IRON AB The interaction between growing surface oxides and flowing liquid metals is of importance in many high temperature applications such as coolant systems using liquid lead or lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) in advanced nuclear energy systems. The impact of flow can manifest through particle erosion, mass transfer corrosion, stress scrape, etc. In the present study, we consider the continuous flow-induced corrosion by dissolution of steel components or dissociation of surface oxides. In oxygen controlled liquid lead or LBE systems, steels exposed to the liquid metals are subject to both oxidation and flow-induced corrosion. It is necessary and important to understand the corrosion-oxidation interactions for selecting structural materials and optimizing operating conditions. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the key corrosion-oxidation interactions is presented here. Possible corrosion-oxidation mechanisms are considered and the corrosion-oxidation interactions are classified into different regimes. In each regime, a theoretical model is given. Based on the analysis, corrosion-oxidation maps are developed for selecting and optimizing the operation conditions for liquid lead-alloy systems. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jinsuo; Li, Ning] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int & Nucl Syst Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int & Nucl Syst Engn, MS K 575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4154 EP 4184 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2007.05.012 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 242ON UT WOS:000251735200007 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Ferracin, P Prestemon, S AF Caspi, S. Ferracin, P. Prestemon, S. TI CHATS on applied superconductivity, 2006 - September 5-7, 2006, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM S_Caspi@lbl.gov; PFerracin@lbl.gov; SOPrestemon@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 537 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.08.004 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 238VB UT WOS:000251474700001 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Caspi, S AF Ferracin, Paolo Caspi, Shlomo TI Finite element model of training in the superconducting quadrupole magnet SQ02 SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CHATS on Applied Superconductivity Workshop 2006 CY SEP 05-07, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA SP LBNL Superconduct Magnet Program, Accelerator & Fusion Res Div, Off High Energy Phys, US DOE, Vector-Fields Ltd HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE superconducting magnet; training; ratcheting ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; MECHANICAL DISTURBANCES; PERFORMANCE; CABLES; TESTS; LARP AB This paper describes the use of 3D finite element models to study training in superconducting magnets. The simulations are used to examine coil displacements when the electromagnetic forces are cycled, and compute the frictional energy released during conductor motion with the resulting temperature rise. A computed training curve is then presented and discussed. The results from the numerical computations are compared with test results of the Nb3Sn racetrack quadrupole magnet SQ02. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PFerracin@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.08.006 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 238VB UT WOS:000251474700008 ER PT J AU Wands, R AF Wands, R. TI Magneto-structural analysis of the fermilab TQC Nb3Sn high gradient quadrupole end region SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CHATS on Applied Superconductivity Workshop 2006 CY SEP 05-07, 2006 CL Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA SP LBNL Superconduct Magnet Program, Accelerator & Fusion Res Div, Off High Energy Phys, US DOE, Vector-Fields Ltd HO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab DE superconducting magnets; finite element analysis; Nb3Sn AB The Fermilab TQC magnets are Nb3Sn technological quadrupoles based on the collar-yoke-skin mechanical structure. These magnets, with an aperture of 90 mm, have a design gradient in excess of 200 T/m. In operation the conductor is subjected to forces which tend to pull it away from the poles and endparts to which it is bonded. Given the implications of bond failure for quench initiation, it is of interest to simulate the behavior of these interfaces. The ANSYS general purpose finite element program is used to perform both the magnetic and structural analyses. Interface elements between bonded parts are monitored during assembly, cool down, and excitation, and the birth-death capability of the program is applied to remove from the solution those portions of the interface which experience a tensile stress in excess of a presumed bond failure stress. The cracking of previously bonded interfaces can be tracked graphically over the range of operation. Emphasis will be placed on the details of the magnetic simulation, the implementation of various interface conditions, and the effects (and shortcomings) of material property models. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wands, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM wands@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.08.002 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 238VB UT WOS:000251474700009 ER PT J AU Wang, T Zhu, DW Zou, YS Azzi, A Shi, Y Jin, YX Zhang, RG Lin, SX AF Wang, Tao Zhu, Dao-Wei Zou, Yong-Shui Azzi, Arezki Shi, Yi Jin, Yu-Xin Zhang, Rong-Guang Lin, Sheng-Xiang TI Purification, refolding, crystallization and diffraction analysis of the native and selenomethionine-substituted rat Epidymal-Specific lipocalint SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules CY AUG 16-21, 2006 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; PROTEIN; BINDING AB We describe a straightforward crystallogenesis protocol leading to the preparation of protein crystals suitable for structure determination that involves protein expression and purification, refolding of the overexpressed protein, search of optimal crystallization conditions and diffraction data collection on native and selenomethionine substituted-crystals. The protocol is exemplified with epididymal-specific lipocalin (rLcn6), a newly discovered monomeric protein of 19 kDa that may play an important role in sperm maturation. This protein was cloned from Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) genome and expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. After refolding of the purified protein, microcrystals were obtained after sparse matrix screening. Optimization of conditions after stepwise incremental initial conditions led to single crystals belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and data set at 1.90 angstrom. After attempts with several models, initial phasing was not found by molecular replacement. A similar methodological scheme was used to grow quality crystals of the selenomethionine-substituted rLcn6 protein and collect diffraction data at 2.0 angstrom, allowing phasing and structure resolution. This protocol may be of particular help when overproduction results in denatured proteins within inclusion bodies, a situation that often occurs especially with proteins from eukaryotes, as well as with structural genomic projects. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, Struct Biol Platform, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. CHUL Res Ctr CHUQ, Lab Oncol & Mol Endocrinol, Laval, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, SX (reprint author), SIBS, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM structuralbiology@sibs.ac.cn NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2167 EP 2170 DI 10.1021/cg700945a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 229SD UT WOS:000250823600009 ER PT J AU Gao, F Liao, HX Hahn, BH Letvin, NL Korber, BT Haynes, BF AF Gao, Feng Liao, Hua-Xin Hahn, Beatrice H. Letvin, Norman L. Korber, Bette T. Haynes, Barton F. TI Centralized HIV-1 envelope immunogens and neutralizing antibodies SO CURRENT HIV RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE consensus; ancestor; vaccine; neutralizing antibodies; variation ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA CANDIDATE VACCINE; SUBTYPE-B ENVELOPE; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; AIDS VACCINE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RHESUS MACAQUES; ANTI-GP41 2F5 AB Centralized HIV-1 genes (consensus, most recent common ancestor and center of the tree) have recently been explored for induction of broadly reactive immune responses to overcome the extraordinary genetic diversity among HIV-1 strains. Although all of these strategies are based on artificial sequences predicted by computer programs, they retain biological function, and use the CCR5 co-receptor for entry into target cells as transmitted HIV-1 Envs. Results from laboratory animals indicate that centralized immunogens are superior to many wild-type immunogens for inducing cross-subtype T and B cell immune responses. Structural modifications have improved the ability of consensus Envs to elicit antibody responses that neutralize a spectrum of HIV-1 Env pseudoviruses. However, the more difficult to neutralize tier 2 Env pseudoviruses are generally not neutralized well by anti-consensus Env antibodies, indicating the need for further modifications, new formulations, or additional strategies to generate antibodies that neutralize a full spectrum of transmitted HIV-1 strains. C1 [Gao, Feng; Liao, Hua-Xin; Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med & Microbiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Letvin, Norman L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Korber, Bette T.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, RPIII Bldg,Room 112,Box 3347 DUMC,Res Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM fgao@duke.edu; hayne002@mc.duke.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P0-1 AI35351, U19 AI 028147, R21 AI55386, P30 AI51445, AI028147-16, N01 AI05397] NR 57 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-162X J9 CURR HIV RES JI Curr. HIV Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 5 IS 6 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.2174/157016207782418498 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 269EZ UT WOS:000253633600007 PM 18045113 ER PT J AU Naivar, MA Parson, JD Wilder, ME Habbersett, RC Edwards, BS Sklar, L Nolan, JP Graves, SW Martin, JC Jett, JH Freyer, JP AF Naivar, Mark A. Parson, Jimmie D. Wilder, Mark E. Habbersett, Robert C. Edwards, Bruce S. Sklar, Larry Nolan, John P. Graves, Steven W. Martin, John C. Jett, James H. Freyer, James P. TI Open, reconfigurable cytometric acquisition system: ORCAS SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE digital data acquisition; DSP; FPGA; waveform recording; photon counting ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; RESOLUTION; SENSITIVITY AB A digital signal processing (DSP)-based digital data acquisition system has been developed to support novel flow cytometry efforts. The system flexibility includes how it detects, captures, and processes event data. Custom data capture boards utilizing analog to digital converters (ADCs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) detect events and capture correlated event data. A commercial DSP board processes the captured data and sends the results over the IEEE 1394 bus to the host computer that provides a user interface for acquisition, display, analysis, and storage. The system collects list mode data, correlated pulse shapes, or streaming data from a variety of detector types using Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows host computers. It extracts pulse features not found on commercial systems with excellent sensitivity and linearity over a wide dynamic range. List mode data are saved in FCS 3.0 formatted files while streaming or correlated waveform data are saved in custom format files for postprocessing. Open, reconfigurable cytometric acquisition system is compact, scaleable, flexible, and modular. Programmable feature extraction algorithms have exciting possibilities for both new and existing applications. The recent availability of a commercial data capture board will enable general availability of similar systems. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resources, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. La Jolla Bioengn Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Naivar, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resources, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mnaivar@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR001315, RR020064]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB003824-03, R01 EB003824, EB003824]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH074425] NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71A IS 11 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20445 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 226QN UT WOS:000250603700005 PM 17680705 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Changes in vigorous physical activity and incident diabetes male runners SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-GAIN; LIFE-STYLE; EXERCISE; MELLITUS; HEALTH; PREVENTION; WOMEN; MEN AB OBJECTIVE - We examined the relationship between changes in reported vigorous exercise and self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes in 25,988 active men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The dose-response relationship between changes in reported vigorous exercise (running distance, change in kilometers per week) and self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes was followed prospectively for 7.8 +/- 1.8 years (means +/- SD). RESULTS - Logistic regression analyses showed that the log odds for diabetes declined significantly in relation to men's change in running distance (coefficient +/- SE: -0.012 +/- 0.004, P < 0.01), which remained significant when adjusted for BMI (-0.018 +/- 0.003, P < 0.0001). The decline in the log odds for diabetes was related to the distance run at the end of follow-up when adjusted for baseline distance, with (-0.024 +/- 0.005, P < 0.0001) or without (-0.027 +/- 0.005, P < 0.0001) adjustment for BMI. Baseline distance was unrelated to diabetes incidence when adjusted for the distance at the end of follow-up. Compared with men who ran <8 km/week at the end of follow-up, incidence rates in those who ran :8 km/week were 95% lower between 35 and 44 years of age (P < 0.0001), 92% lower between 45 and 54 (P < 0.0001), 87% lower between 55 and 64 (P < 0.0001), and 46% lower between 65 and 75 (P = 0.30). For the subset of 6,208 men who maintained the same running distance during follow-up (+/- 5 km/week), the log odds for diabetes declined with weekly distance run (- 0.024 +/- 0.010, P = 0.02) but not when adjusted for BMI (-0.005 +/- 0.010, P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS - Vigorous exercise significantly reduces diabetes incidence, due in part to the prevention of age-related weight gain and in part to other exercise effects. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45652, HL-072110]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK066738] NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2007 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2838 EP 2842 DI 10.2337/dc07-1189 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 228CI UT WOS:000250704300015 PM 17704345 ER PT J AU Pelletier, JD Cline, M DeLong, SB AF Pelletier, Jon D. Cline, Michael DeLong, Stephen B. TI Desert pavement dynamics: numerical modeling and field-based calibration SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE desert pavement; numerical modeling; alluvial fan; Amargosa Valley ID ALLUVIAL-FAN SURFACES; CIMA-VOLCANIC-FIELD; EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; SOUTHERN NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; SOILS; DEPOSITION; PIEDMONT AB Desert pavements are widely used as a relative surface-dating tool because they are progressively better developed on surfaces ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands of years in age. Recent work, however, has highlighted the dynamic nature of pavements and undermined their use as surface-age indicators. Quade (2001) proposed that latest Pleistocene vegetation advances destroyed all Mojave Desert pavements above 400 m elevation, making ail such pavements Holocene in age. In an effort to reconcile young-pavement evidence with their widespread use as Pleistocene surface-age indicators, we developed a numerical model based on the classic conceptual model in which pavements co-evolve with their underlying eolian epipedons over millennial timescales. In this co-evolutionary process, fine-grained eolian deposition and A(v)-horizon development within the eolian epipedon promotes surface clast motion and pavement development, enhancing the eolian-sediment-trapping ability of the pavement in a positive feedback. Model results illustrate the multi-scale nature of pavement dynamics: pavements may require tens of thousands of years to fully develop from a newly abandoned alluvial surface, but may heal over timescales of decades to centuries if a mature eolian epipedon is present. As such, there is no inconsistency between rapid pavement healing and a Pleistocene age for the underlying alluvial surface. To calibrate the model, we conducted surficial geologic mapping and pavement-sedimentological analysis on two desert piedmonts. Our study areas include both proximal and distal fan environments, illustrating the role of parent-material texture in controlling the mode of pavement formation. Using available geochronology, our work provides a rigorous calibration of pavement formation rates in our study areas and provides evidence supporting the use of pavements as local relative surface-age indicators over Holocene to late Pleistocene timescales. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pelletier, JD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jdpellet@emoil.arizona.edu OI DeLong, Stephen/0000-0002-0945-2172 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 13 BP 1913 EP 1927 DI 10.1002/esp.1500 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 238IY UT WOS:000251442100001 ER PT J AU Colon-Mercado, HR Hobbs, DT AF Colon-Mercado, Hector R. Hobbs, David T. TI Catalyst evaluation for a sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; platinum; palladium; sulfuric acid; thermochemical ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; ACIDIC MEDIUM; ELECTRODES; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; IR AB Thermochemical processes are being developed to provide global-scale quantities of hydrogen. A variant on sulfur-based thermochemical cycles is the hybrid sulfur (HyS) process which uses a sulfur dioxide-depolarized electrolyzer (SDE) to produce the hydrogen. Testing examined the activity and stability of platinum and palladium as the electrocatalyst for the SIDE in highly concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry revealed that platinum provided better catalytic activity with much lower potentials and higher currents than palladium. Testing also showed that the catalyst activity is strongly influenced by the concentration of the sulfuric acid electrolyte. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colon-Mercado, Hector R.; Hobbs, David T.] Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2649 EP 2653 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.08.015 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 243GY UT WOS:000251784700003 ER PT J AU Mak, DOD Pearson, JE Loong, KPC Datta, S Fernandez-Mongil, M Foskett, JK AF Mak, Don-On Daniel Pearson, John E. Loong, King Pan Campion Datta, Suman Fernandez-Mongil, Marisabel Foskett, J. Kevin TI Rapid ligand-regulated gating kinetics of single inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channels SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Article DE intracellular signalling; signal transduction; electrophysiology ID IP3 RECEPTORS; TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; CALCIUM RELEASE; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; CYTOSOLIC CA2+; INACTIVATION; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; MODEL; LIBERATION AB The ubiquitous inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate receptor ( InsP(3)R) intracellular Ca2+ release channel is engaged by thousands of plasma membrane receptors to generate Ca2+ signals in all cells. Understanding how complex Ca2+ signals are generated has been hindered by a lack of information on the kinetic responses of the channel to its primary ligands, InsP(3) and Ca2+, which activate and inhibit channel gating. Here, we describe the kinetic responses of single InsP(3)R channels in native endoplasmic reticulum membrane to rapid ligand concentration changes with millisecond resolution, using a new patch- clamp configuration. The kinetics of channel activation and deactivation showed novel Ca2+ regulation and unexpected ligand cooperativity. The kinetics of Ca2+ mediated channel inhibition showed the single-channel bases for fundamental Ca2+ release events and Ca2+ release refractory periods. These results provide new insights into the channel regulatory mechanisms that contribute to complex spatial and temporal features of intracellular Ca2+ signals. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Mak, DOD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dmak@mail.med.upenn.edu OI Foskett, J. Kevin/0000-0002-8854-0268 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM056328, GM65830, GM074999, R01 GM065830, R01 GM074999]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH059937, R01 MH059937] NR 34 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1044 EP 1051 DI 10.1038/sj.embor.7401087 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 226WL UT WOS:000250619100017 PM 17932510 ER PT J AU Synnefa, A Santamouris, M Akbari, H AF Synnefa, A. Santamouris, M. Akbari, H. TI Estimating the effect of using cool coatings on energy loads and thermal comfort in residential buildings in various climatic conditions SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE roof solar reflectance; cooling energy savings; indoor temperature; roof U-value; passive cooling ID HEAT-ISLAND; ATHENS; PERFORMANCE AB The impact from using cool roof coatings on the cooling and heating loads and the indoor thermal comfort conditions of residential buildings for various climatic conditions is estimated. The energy cooling loads and peak cooling demands are estimated for different values of roof solar reflectance and roof U-value. The results show that increasing the roof solar reflectance reduces cooling loads by 18-93% and peak cooling demand in air-conditioned buildings by 11-27%. The indoor thermal comfort conditions were improved by decreasing the hours of discomfort by 9-100% and the maximum temperatures in non air-conditioned residential buildings by 1.2-3.3 degrees C. These reductions were found to be more important for poorly or non-insulated buildings. For the locations studied, the heating penalty (0.2-17 kWh/m(2) year) was less important than the cooling load reduction (9-48 kWh/m(2) year). The application of cool roof coatings is an effective, minimal cost and easy to use technique that contributes to the energy efficiency and the thermal comfort of buildings. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Athens, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Bldg Environm Studies, Athens 15784, Greece. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Synnefa, A (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Bldg Environm Studies, Build Phys 5, Athens 15784, Greece. EM asynnefa@phys.uoa.gr OI Santamouris, Matthaios/0000-0001-6076-3526 NR 31 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.01.004 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 216CR UT WOS:000249856000005 ER PT J AU Britt, PF Kidder, MK Buchanan, AC AF Britt, Phillip F. Kidder, Michelle K. Buchanan, A. C., III TI Oxygen substituent effects in the pyrolysis of phenethyl phenyl ethers SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS; LOW-RANK COAL; MESOPOROUS SILICA; PATHWAYS; DECOMPOSITION; LIQUEFACTION; THERMOLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; LINKAGES; BIOMASS AB The dominant structural linkage in the abundant renewable energy resource, lignin, is the arylglycerol-beta-aryl ether commonly referred to as the beta-O-4 linkage. The simplest representation of this linkage, unadorned by substituents, is phenethyl phenyl ether (PhCH2CH2OPh; PPE). Our prior detailed kinetic studies of the pyrolysis of PPE at 330-425 degrees C showed that a free-radical chain mechanism is involved that cycles through radicals formed at both the (alpha- and beta-carbons. The previously unrecognized competing path involving rearrangement of the beta-carbon radical by an O,C-phenyl shift accounts for ca. 25% of the products. In this paper, we explore the effect of aromatic hydroxy and methoxy substituents on both the rate and product selectivity for the pyrolysis of these more complex lignin model compounds. The pyrolysis reactions are,conducted in biphenyl solvent at 345 degrees C and low conversions to minimize secondary reactions. The pyrolysis rates were found to vary substantially as a function of the substitution pattern. The rearrangement path involving the beta-carbon radical and O,C-phenyl shift was found to remain important in all the molecules investigated, and the selectivity for this path also showed a dependence on the substitution pattern. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM buchananac@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3102 EP 3108 DI 10.1021/ef700354y PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 234LF UT WOS:000251164900008 ER PT J AU Tsouris, C Szymcek, P Taboada-Serrano, P McCallum, SD Brewer, P Peltzer, E Walz, P Adams, E Chow, A Johnson, WK Summers, J AF Tsouris, C. Szymcek, P. Taboada-Serrano, P. McCallum, S. D. Brewer, P. Peltzer, E. Walz, P. Adams, E. Chow, A. Johnson, W. K. Summers, J. TI Scaled-up ocean injection of CO2-Hydrate composite particles SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CO2 HYDRATE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; LIQUID CO2; DISPOSAL; KINETICS; DIOXIDE; DROPLET; PLUME; WATER AB A pilot-scale, three-phase continuous-jet hydrate reactor, developed to produce CO2 hydrate for ocean sequestration, was tested both in the laboratory and at sea. A 72-L pressure vessel was used for laboratory tests; field experiments were performed with a remotely operated vehicle at depths between 1200 and 2000 m off the coast of Monterey, CA. Rapid production of a consolidated sinking CO2-hydrate composite paste was achieved in both settings. The vertical and lateral movement of the extruded hydrate was monitored by the high-definition television camera mounted on the vehicle and with a 675-kHz scanning sonar, along with dissolution rates and associated temperature and pH changes during the injection operations. It was observed that globules of unconverted liquid CO2 occluded in the structure of the hydrate composite largely determine the hydrate composite behavior in the ocean by providing sites for accelerated dissolution, thereby affecting the CO2-hydrate particle orientation, shape, lifetime, and sinking rate. Model calculations predict that large-scale releases of these particles (at a CO2 injection rate of similar to 100 kg/s) should show a descent depth of nearly 1000 m below their release point, as a result of plume dynamics and the increase in density caused by the CO2 dissolution into the surrounding ocean water. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Taboada-Serrano, Patrica/F-4745-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Peltzer, Edward/0000-0003-2821-3553 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3300 EP 3309 DI 10.1021/ef070197h PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 234LF UT WOS:000251164900036 ER PT J AU Gilau, AM Van Buskirk, R Small, MJ AF Gilau, Asmerorn M. Van Buskirk, Robert Small, Mitchell J. TI Enabling optimal energy options under the clean development mechanism SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE optimal energy options; CDM; emission reduction AB This paper addresses the cost effectiveness of renewable energy technologies in achieving low abatement costs and promoting sustainable developments under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). According to the results of our optimal energy option's analysis, at project scale, compared with a diesel-only energy option, photovoltaic (PV) - diesel (PVDB), wind-diesel (WDB) and PV - wind-diesel (PVWDB) hybrids are very cost-effective energy options. Moreover, energy options with high levels of renewable energy, including 100% renewables, have the lowest net present cost and they are already cost effective without CDM. On the other hand, while the removal of about 87% carbon dioxide emissions could be achieved at negative cost, initial investment could increase by a factor of 40, which is one of the primary barriers hindering wider renewable energy applications in developing countries, among others. Thus, in order to increase developing countries' participation in the carbon market, CDM policy should shift from a purely market-oriented approach to investigating how to facilitate renewable energy projects through barrier removal. Thus, we recommend that further research should focus on how to efficiently remove renewable energy implementation barriers as a means to improve developing countries' participation in meaningful emission reduction while at the same time meeting the needs of sustainable economic development. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gilau, AM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM asmeromg@andrew.cmu.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 5526 EP 5534 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.031 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225VC UT WOS:000250545300027 ER PT J AU Koomey, J Hultman, NE AF Koomey, Jonathan Hultman, Nathan E. TI A reactor-level analysis of busbar costs for US nuclear plants, 1970-2005 SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE nuclear power; busbar costs; learning curves ID REAL-OPTIONS APPROACH; POWER-PLANTS; LEARNING-CURVE; CONSTRUCTION; REDUCTIONS; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SECTOR; RISK AB We present a reactor-by-reactor analysis of historical busbar costs for 99 nuclear reactors in the United States, and compare those costs with recent projections for next-generation US reactors. We argue that cost projections far different from median historical costs require more justification than estimates that lie close to those medians. Our analysis suggests that some recent projections of capital costs, construction duration, and total operations and maintenance costs are quite low-far enough from the historical medians that additional scrutiny may be required to justify using such estimates in current policy discussions and planning. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgetown Univ, Program Sci Technol & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Oxford, James Martin Inst Sci & Civilizat, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Koomey, J (reprint author), 6429 Harwood Ave, Oakland, CA 94618 USA. EM JGKooiney@stanford.edu NR 71 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 IS 11 BP 5630 EP 5642 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.06.005 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225VC UT WOS:000250545300039 ER PT J AU Ingber, MS Tanski, JA Alsing, P AF Ingber, Marc S. Tanski, John A. Alsing, Paul TI A domain decomposition tool for boundary element methods SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE domain decomposition BEM; graph decomposition; kernighan-lin method; neumann-neumann iteration; particular solution method ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION METHOD; RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS; DRM; SYSTEM AB Domain decomposition boundary element methods have become increasingly popular over the last several years for a variety of reasons. In particular, these methods reduce the storage and CPU requirements, can result in sparse linear systems, are easy to parallelize, and, when used in conjunction with a dual reciprocity method, can significantly improve the conditioning of the associated linear system. Nevertheless, for complex geometries, determining an appropriate decomposition of the domain can be extremely difficult. A domain decomposition tool based on a graph partitioning algorithm is presented to automate the process and provide quality decompositions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ingber, MS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ingber@unm.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 31 IS 11 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2007.03.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 228LW UT WOS:000250732400002 ER PT J AU Grahame, T Hidy, GM AF Grahame, Thomas Hidy, George M. TI Secondary sulfate effects? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. RP Grahame, T (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Thomas.Grahame@HQ.DOE.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 115 IS 11 BP A532 EP A532 DI 10.1289/ehp.10293 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 228YY UT WOS:000250769700003 PM 18007967 ER PT J AU Wegley, L Edwards, R Rodriguez-Brito, B Liu, H Rohwer, F AF Wegley, Linda Edwards, Robert Rodriguez-Brito, Beltran Liu, Hong Rohwer, Forest TI Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community associated with the coral Porites astreoides SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA FAN CORALS; FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; VIRAL COMMUNITIES; ENDOLITHIC FUNGI; PENAEID SHRIMP; ORGANIC-CARBON; GREEN HYDRA AB The coral holobiont is a dynamic assemblage of the coral animal, zooxanthellae, endolithic algae and fungi, Bacteria,Archaea and viruses. Zooxanthellae and some Bacteria form relatively stable and species-specific associations with corals. Other associations are less specific; coral-associated Archaea differ from those in the water column, but the same archaeal species may be found on different coral species. It has been hypothesized that the coral animal can adapt to differing ecological niches by 'switching' its microbial associates. In the case of corals and zooxanthellae, this has been termed adaptive bleaching and it has important implications for carbon cycling within the coral holobiont and ultimately the survival of coral reefs. However, the roles of other components of the coral holobiont are essentially unknown. To better understand these other coral associates, a fractionation procedure was used to separate the microbes, mitochondria and viruses from the coral animal cells and zooxanthellae. The resulting metagenomic DNA was sequenced using pyrosequencing. Fungi, Bacteria and phage were the most commonly identified organisms in the metagenome. Three of the four fungal phyla were represented, including a wide diversity of fungal genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, suggesting that the endolithic community is more important than previously appreciated. In particular, the data suggested that endolithic fungi could be converting nitrate and nitrite to ammonia, which would enable fixed nitrogen to cycle within the coral holobiont. The most prominent bacterial groups were Proteobacteria (68%), Firmicutes (10%), Cyanobacteria (7%) and Actinobacteria (6%). Functionally, the bacterial community was primarily heterotrophic and included a number of pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds, the most abundant being the homogentisate pathway. The most abundant phage family was the ssDNA Microphage and most of the eukaryotic viruses were most closely related to those known to infect aquatic organisms. This study provides a metabolic and taxonomic snapshot of microbes associated with the reef-building coral Porites astreoides and presents a basis for understanding how coral-microbial interactions structure the holobiont and coral reefs. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Ctr Microbial Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wegley, L (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM lwegley@gmail.com NR 84 TC 217 Z9 232 U1 13 U2 134 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2707 EP 2719 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01383.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 218BG UT WOS:000249990400006 PM 17922755 ER PT J AU Mahendra, S Petzold, CJ Baidoo, EE Keasling, JD Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Mahendra, Shaily Petzold, Christopher J. Baidoo, Edward E. Keasling, Jay D. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Identification of the intermediates of in vivo oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by monooxygenase-containing bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-MENDOCINA KR1; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; SP STRAIN K1; TETRAHYDROFURAN DEGRADATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-VACCAE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CYCLIC ETHERS; BIODEGRADATION; DIOXANE AB 1,4-Dioxane is a probable human carcinogen and an emerging water contaminant. Monooxygenase-expressing bacteria have been shown to degrade dioxane via growth supporting as well as cometabolic mechanisms. In this study, the intermediates of dioxane degradation by monooxygenase-expressing bacteria were determined by triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry, The major intermediates were identified as 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), ethylene glycol, glycolate, and oxalate. Studies with uniformly labeled C-14 dioxane showed that over 50% of the dioxane was mineralized to CO2 by CB1190, while 5% became biomass-associated after 48 h. Volatile organic acids and non-volatiles, respectively, accounted for 20 and 11% of the radiolabeled carbon. Although strains cometabolizing dioxane exhibited limited transformation capacities, nearly half of the initial dioxane was recovered as CO2. On the basis of these analytical results, we propose a pathway for dioxane oxidation by monooxygenase-expressing cells in which dioxane is first converted to 2-hydroxy-1,4-dioxane, which is spontaneously oxidized to HEAA. During a second monooxygenation step, HEAA is further hydroxylated, resulting in a mixture of dihydroxy-ethoxyacetic acids with a hydroxyl group at the ortho or para position. After cleavage of the second ether bond, small organic molecules such as ethylene glycol, glycolate, glyoxalate, and oxalate are progressively formed, which are then mineralized to CO2 via common cellular metabolic pathways. Bioremediation of dioxane via this pathway is not expected to cause an accumulation of toxic compounds in the environment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mahendra, S (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, MS 317,POB 1892, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM mahendras@rice.edu RI Mahendra, Shaily/F-2759-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7330 EP 7336 DI 10.1021/es0705745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100026 PM 18044507 ER PT J AU Neiss, J Stewart, BD Nico, PS Fendorf, S AF Neiss, Jim Stewart, Brandy D. Nico, Peter S. Fendorf, Scott TI Speciation-dependent microbial reduction of uranium within iron-coated sands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; U(VI) REDUCTION; COMPLEXES; FERRIHYDRITE; HYDROXIDE; CARBONATE; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS AB Transport of uranium within surface and subsurface environments is predicated largely on its redox state. Uranyl reduction may transpire through either biotic (enzymatic) or abiotic pathways; in either case, reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) results in the formation of sparingly soluble UO2 precipitates. Biological reduction of U(VI), while demonstrated as prolific under both laboratory and field conditions, is influenced by competing electron acceptors (such as nitrate, manganese oxides, or iron oxides) and uranyl speciation. Formation of Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes, often the predominate uranyl species in carbonate-bearing soils and sediments, decreases the rate of dissimilatory U(VI) reduction. The combined influence of uranyl speciation within a mineralogical matrix comparable to natural environments and under hydrodynamic conditions; however, remains unresolved. We therefore examined uranyl reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens within packed mineral columns of ferrihydrite-coated quartz sand under conditions conducive or nonconducive to Ca-UO2-CO3 species formation. The results are dramatic. In the absence of Ca, where uranyl carbonato complexes dominate, U(VI) reduction transpires and consumes all of the U(VI) within the influent solution (0.166 mM) over the first 2.5 cm of the flow field for the entirety of the 54 d experiment. Over 2 g of U is deposited during this reaction period, and despite ferrihydrite being a competitive electron acceptor, uranium reduction appears unabated for the duration of our experiments. By contrast, in columns with 4 mM Ca in the influent solution (0.166 mM uranyl), reduction (enzymatic or surface-bound Fe(II)) mediated) appears absent and breakthrough occurs within 18 d (at a flow rate of 3 pore volumes per day). Uranyl speciation, and in particular the formation of ternary Ca-UO2-CO3 complexes, has a profound impact on U(VI) reduction and thus transport within anaerobic systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Fendorf, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fendorf@stanford.edu RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7343 EP 7348 DI 10.1021/es0706697 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100028 PM 18044509 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Powell, BA Duff, MC Demirkanli, DI Denham, M Fjeld, RA Molz, FJ AF Kaplan, Daniel I. Powell, Brian A. Duff, Martine C. Demirkanli, Deniz I. Denham, Miles Fjeld, Robert A. Molz, Fred J. TI Influence of sources on plutonium mobility and oxidation state transformations in vadose zone sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; GOETHITE; TUFF; PH; IV AB Well-defined solid sources of Pu(III)) (PuCl3 PUP) (Pu (NO3)(4) and Pu (C2O4)(2)), and Pu(VI) (PuO2(NO3)(2)) were placed in lysimeters containing vadose zone sediments and exposed to natural weather conditions for 2 or 11 years. The objective of this study was to measure the release rate of Pu and the changes in the Pu oxidation states from these Pu sources with the intent to develop a reactive transport model source-term. Pu(III)) and Pu(IV) sources had identical Pu concentration depth profiles and similar Pu release rates. Source release data indicate that Pu-IV(C2O4)(2) was the least mobile, whereas (PuO2)-O-VI(NO3)(2) was the most mobile. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) revealed that Pu was very unevenly distributed on the sediment and Mn concentrations were too low (630 mg kg(-1)) and perhaps of the wrong mineralogy to influence Pu distribution The high stability of sorbed Pu(IV) is proposed to be due to the formation of a stable hydrolyzed Pu(IV) surface species. Plutonium X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis conducted on sediment recovered at the end of the study from the Pu-IV(NO3)(4)- and (PuCl3)-Cl-III-amended lysimeters contained essentially identical Pu d istributions: approximately 37% Pu(III), 67% Pu(IV), 0% Pu(V), and 0% Pu(VI). These results were similar to those using a wet chemistry Pu oxidation state assay, except the latter method did not detect any Pu(Ill) present on the sediment but instead indicated that 93-98% of the Pu existed as Pu(IV). This discrepancy was likely attributable to incomplete extraction of sediment Pu(III) by the wet chemistry method. Although Pu has been known to exist in the +3 oxidation state under microbially induced reducing conditions for decades, to our knowledge, this is the first observation of steady-state Pu(III) in association with natural sediments. On the basis of thermodynamic considerations, Pu(III) has a wide potential distribution, especially in acidic environments, and as such may warrant further investigation. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM daniel.kaplan@srs.gov RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7417 EP 7423 DI 10.1021/es0706302 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100039 PM 18044520 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Jechow, M Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Bindi, M Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Kind, OM Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Renner, R Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Ibrahim, ZA Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Dossanov, A Drugakov, V Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Huttmann, A Kahle, B Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Rinaldi, L Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Wolf, G Wrona, K Youngman, C Zeuner, W Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Forrest, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Gosau, T Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Wichmann, K Wick, K Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Borodin, M Kozulia, A Lisovyi, M Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Kollar, D Schmidke, WB Sutiak, J Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Korcsak-Gorzo, K Oliver, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Robertson, A Straub, PB Uribe-Estrada, C Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Oh, BY Raval, A Ukleja, J Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Giller, I Hochman, D Karshon, U Rosin, M Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Reeder, DD Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Jechow, M. Pavel, N. Molina, A. G. Yaguees Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Basile, M. Bellagamba, L. Bindi, M. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Corradi, M. De Pasquale, S. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Kind, O. M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Renner, R. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ma, K. J. Ibrahim, Z. A. Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Gil, M. Olkiewicz, K. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Adler, V. Behrens, U. Bloch, I. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Dossanov, A. Drugakov, V. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Gladkov, D. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Horn, C. Huettmann, A. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Rinaldi, L. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Santamarta, R. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Forrest, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Gosau, T. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Salehi, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Wichmann, K. Wick, K. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Kataoka, M. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Borodin, M. Kozulia, A. Lisovyi, M. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Zotkin, S. A. Abt, I. Buettner, C. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Schmidke, W. B. Sutiak, J. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Korcsak-Gorzo, K. Oliver, K. Patel, S. Roberfroid, V. Robertson, A. Straub, P. B. Uribe-Estrada, C. Walczak, R. Bellan, P. Bertolin, A. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Turcato, M. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Ukleja, J. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Gabareen, A. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Gwenlan, C. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Sutton, M. R. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Tymieniecka, T. Ukleja, A. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Giller, I. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Rosin, M. Brownson, E. Danielson, T. Everett, A. Kcira, D. Reeder, D. D. Ryan, P. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. TI Forward-jet production in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD CASCADES; BREIT FRAME; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN AB Forward jet cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at low Bjorken-x with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 81.8 pb(-1). Measurements are presented for inclusive forward jets as well as for forward jets accompanied by a dijet system. The explored phase space, with jet pseudorapidity up to 4.3 is expected to be particularly sensitive to the dynamics of QCD parton evolution at low x. The measurements are compared to fixed-order QCD calculations and to leading-order parton-shower Monte Carlo models. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fizik, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodnizanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mytillene, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. INP, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gallo@mail.desy.de RI Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 515 EP 530 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0418-0 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 227BS UT WOS:000250632800002 ER PT J AU Liang, JF Shapira, D Gross, CJ Varner, RL Amro, H Beene, JR Bierman, JD Caraley, AL Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Hausladen, PA Jones, KL Kolata, JJ Larochelle, Y Loveland, W Mueller, PE Peterson, D Radford, DC Stracener, DW AF Liang, J. F. Shapira, D. Gross, C. J. Varner, R. L. Amro, H. Beene, J. R. Bierman, J. D. Caraley, A. L. Galindo-Uribarri, A. del Campo, J. Gomez Hausladen, P. A. Jones, K. L. Kolata, J. J. Larochelle, Y. Loveland, W. Mueller, P. E. Peterson, D. Radford, D. C. Stracener, D. W. TI Measurements of fusion reactions induced by radioactive Sn-132 on Ni-64 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro AB Evaporation residue and fission cross sections of radioactive Sn-132 on Ni-64 were measured. Statistical model calculations using parameters simultaneously fitting stable Sn+Ni-64 data reproduce the Sn-132 induced reaction very well. A large sub-barrier fusion enhancement was observed. The enhancement can be accounted for by coupled-channels calculations including inelastic excitation of the projectile and target, and neutron transfer. C1 [Liang, J. F.; Shapira, D.; Gross, C. J.; Varner, R. L.; Beene, J. R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; del Campo, J. Gomez; Hausladen, P. A.; Mueller, P. E.; Stracener, D. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Amro, H.; Kolata, J. J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bierman, J. D.] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Phys AD51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Caraley, A. L.] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Jones, K. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Larochelle, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Loveland, W.; Peterson, D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Liang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; radford, David/A-3928-2015 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 35 EP 36 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00259-7 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600011 ER PT J AU Shapira, D AF Shapira, D. TI Sub and near barrier fusion of neutron rich heavy nuclei - studies with radioactive ion beams SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID ENHANCEMENT; FLOW AB The availability of accelerated fission fragments at HRIBF allows us to study fusion reactions where one of the reactants is a short-lived exotic nucleus. Most interesting in this respect are entrance channels involving neutron-rich target and projectile - where enhanced survival probability of the compound system may allow the synthesis of heavier system. Much depends though on the dynamic evolution of the captured nuclei into a compound nucleus and the ensuing competition between fission and evaporation residue decay modes. Our studies of fusion between heavy neutron-rich nuclei are aimed at acquiring data that will lead to the understanding and eventually the ability to predict the probabilities for these different processes. C1 [Shapira, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00266-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600018 ER PT J AU Wuosmaa, AH Rehm, KE Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Jisonna, L Lighthall, JC Marley, ST Moore, EF Pardo, RC Patel, N Paul, M Peterson, D Pieper, SC Savard, G Schiffer, JP Segal, RE Siemssen, RH Sinha, S Tang, X Wiringa, RB AF Wuosmaa, A. H. Rehm, K. E. Greene, J. P. Henderson, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Jiang, C. L. Jisonna, L. Lighthall, J. C. Marley, S. T. Moore, E. F. Pardo, R. C. Patel, N. Paul, M. Peterson, D. Pieper, S. C. Savard, G. Schiffer, J. P. Segal, R. E. Siemssen, R. H. Sinha, S. Tang, X. Wiringa, R. B. TI Nucleon transfer reactions with exotic beams at ATLAS SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID SHELL AB We present some recent results from studies of light nuclei using exotic beams from ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory. Light nuclei far from stability provide ideal testing grounds for modern theoretical methods, and may provide information about astrophysical environments. We focus on the nuclei Li-9 and He-7, populated with the (d,p) and (d,He-3) reactions. C1 [Wuosmaa, A. H.; Lighthall, J. C.; Marley, S. T.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Rehm, K. E.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Jiang, C. L.; Moore, E. F.; Pardo, R. C.; Peterson, D.; Pieper, S. C.; Savard, G.; Schiffer, J. P.; Sinha, S.; Tang, X.; Wiringa, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jisonna, L.; Segal, R. E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Patel, N.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Siemssen, R. H.] Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00271-y PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600023 ER PT J AU Fortunato, L Clark, RM Macchiavelli, AO Krucken, R AF Fortunato, L. Clark, R. M. Macchiavelli, A. O. Kruecken, R. TI Probing the pairing-phase transition with pair-transfer reactions in unstable nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro AB The critical point solution of the pairing phase transition from vibrational to rotational regimes and an application to lead isotopes are described. Suggestions on how to confirm the validity of the E(2) model with transfer reactions using weakly-bound beams are discussed. C1 [Fortunato, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Clark, R. M.; Macchiavelli, A. O.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kruecken, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-8046 Garching, Germany. RP Fortunato, L (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013; OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042; Fortunato, Lorenzo/0000-0003-2137-635X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00279-3 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600031 ER PT J AU Liddick, SN Grzywacz, R Mazzocchi, C Page, RD Rykaczewski, KP Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Darby, IG Drafta, G Goodin, C Gross, CJ Hamilton, JH Hecht, AA Hwang, JK Ilyushkin, S Joss, DT Korgul, A Krolas, W Lagergren, K Li, K Tantawy, MN Thomson, J Winger, JA AF Liddick, S. N. Grzywacz, R. Mazzocchi, C. Page, R. D. Rykaczewski, K. P. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Darby, I. G. Drafta, G. Goodin, C. Gross, C. J. Hamilton, J. H. Hecht, A. A. Hwang, J. K. Ilyushkin, S. Joss, D. T. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Lagergren, K. Li, K. Tantawy, M. N. Thomson, J. Winger, J. A. TI Identification of the Xe-109 and Te-105 alpha-decay chain SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID NUCLEAR; RADIOACTIVITY; ISOTOPES AB The alpha-decay chain Xe-109 -> Te-105 -> Sn-101 was identified at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Advances in digital electronics have made possible the identification of both alpha emitters in the same experiment despite the disparate half-lives of 13 +/- 2ms and 620 +/- 70ns for Xe-109 and Te-105, respectively. Two alpha-decay transitions were observed from Xe-109 with Q(alpha) values of 4067 +/- 10 and 4217 +/- 8 keV. One transition between the ground states of Te-105 and Sn-101 was observed with a Q(alpha) value of 4889 +/- 6 keV. Using the measured half-lives, branching ratios, and Q(alpha) values the reduced alpha-decay widths, delta(2), were determined. Comparison of the delta(2) value for Te-105 with Po-213 indicates a "superallowed" character in the alpha emission of Te-105. C1 [Liddick, S. N.; Batchelder, J. C.; Winger, J. A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Mazzocchi, C.; Bingham, C. R.; Drafta, G.; Korgul, A.; Tantawy, M. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Bingham, C. R.; Gross, C. J.; Korgul, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Page, R. D.; Darby, I. G.; Joss, D. T.; Thomson, J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Goodin, C.; Hamilton, J. H.; Hwang, J. K.; Li, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hecht, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ilyushkin, S.; Winger, J. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Korgul, A.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Korgul, A.; Krolas, W.; Lagergren, K.; Winger, J. A.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Krolas, W.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Nucl, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Liddick, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00285-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600037 ER PT J AU Liddick, SN Mantica, PF Janssens, RVF Brown, BA Carpenter, MP Davies, AD Honma, M Horoi, M Mizusaki, T Morton, AC Mueller, WF Otsuka, T Pavan, J Schatz, H Stolz, A Tabor, SL Tomlin, BE Wiedeking, M AF Liddick, S. N. Mantica, P. F. Janssens, R. V. F. Brown, B. A. Carpenter, M. P. Davies, A. D. Honma, M. Horoi, M. Mizusaki, T. Morton, A. C. Mueller, W. F. Otsuka, T. Pavan, J. Schatz, H. Stolz, A. Tabor, S. L. Tomlin, B. E. Wiedeking, M. TI Beta-delayed gamma-ray studies of pi f(7/2)-nu pf shell nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID BEAMS; N=32 AB We have utilized the selective process of beta decay to populate low-energy excited states in the neutron-rich Ti-22, V-23, Cr-24, and Mn-25 nuclei. The goal was to systematically track the monopole shift of the nu f(5/2) single-particle level with increased occupancy of the pi f(7/2) orbital. The beta-decay properties of the parent nuclides, along with the low-energy structure of the daughters, are presented and compared with the results of shell model calculations employing the GXPF1 interaction. C1 [Liddick, S. N.; Mantica, P. F.; Brown, B. A.; Davies, A. D.; Morton, A. C.; Mueller, W. F.; Schatz, H.; Stolz, A.; Tomlin, B. E.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Liddick, S. N.; Mantica, P. F.; Tomlin, B. E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Brown, B. A.; Davies, A. D.; Schatz, H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Honma, M.] Univ Aizu, Ctr Math Sci, Fukushima 965, Japan. [Horoi, M.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Mizusaki, T.] Senshu Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214, Japan. [Otsuka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Otsuka, T.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351, Japan. [Pavan, J.; Tabor, S. L.; Wiedeking, M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Liddick, SN (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00286-4 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600038 ER PT J AU Singh, BSN Steer, AN Jenkins, DG Wadsworth, R Davies, PJ Glover, R Pattabiraman, NS Grahn, T Greenlees, PT Jones, P Julin, R Leino, M Nyman, M Pakarinen, J Rahkila, P Scholey, C Sorri, J Uusitalo, J Butler, PA Dimmock, M Joss, DT Thomson, J Lister, CJ Cederwall, B Hadinia, B Sandzelius, M AF Singh, B. S. Nara Steer, A. N. Jenkins, D. G. Wadsworth, R. Davies, P. J. Glover, R. Pattabiraman, N. S. Grahn, T. Greenlees, P. T. Jones, P. Julin, R. Leino, M. Nyman, M. Pakarinen, J. Rahkila, P. Scholey, C. Sorri, J. Uusitalo, J. Butler, P. A. Dimmock, M. Joss, D. T. Thomson, J. Lister, C. J. Cederwall, B. Hadinia, B. Sandzelius, M. TI Recoil Beta Tagging: Application to the study of odd-odd near proton drip line nuclei, Rb-74 and Y-78 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID DECAY AB We present a study of low-spin states in Rb-74 and Y-78 using the new technique of Recoil Beta Tagging. This yielded new information on Rb-74 and has provided the first evidence for non-isomeric T = 1 states in Y-78. C1 [Singh, B. S. Nara; Steer, A. N.; Jenkins, D. G.; Wadsworth, R.; Davies, P. J.; Glover, R.; Pattabiraman, N. S.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Leino, M.; Nyman, M.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Scholey, C.; Sorri, J.; Uusitalo, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Butler, P. A.; Dimmock, M.; Joss, D. T.; Thomson, J.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Lister, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60532 USA. [Cederwall, B.; Hadinia, B.; Sandzelius, M.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Singh, BSN (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00290-8 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600042 ER PT J AU Nollett, KM AF Nollett, K. M. TI Quantum Monte Carlo studies of bound and unbound states SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID NUCLEI AB Over the last fifteen years, there has been tremendous progress in understanding how nuclear structure arises from the nucleon-nucleon interaction. I describe the contribution to this progress made by quantum Monte Carlo computational methods, as well as directions to be taken in future work. Most effort in the past has concentrated on energy spectra, and we have had good success in computing the spectra of systems with A <= 12. We are now shifting our attention to off-diagonal and scattering/reaction properties of the light nuclei. I also discuss briefly the relation of quantum Monte Carlo methods to other ab initio methods and their particular relevance for weakly-bound nuclei produced at radioactive-beam facilities. C1 [Nollett, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nollett, KM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nollett@anl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00292-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600044 ER PT J AU Podolyak, Z Steer, SJ Pietri, S Werner-Malento, E Regan, PH Rudolph, D Garnsworthy, AB Hoischen, R Gorska, M Gerl, J Wollersheim, HJ Kurtukian-Nieto, T Benzoni, G Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Caceres, L Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Grebosz, J Kelic, A Kojouharov, I Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Schaffner, H Tashenov, S Heinz, A Pfutzner, M Hellstrom, M Jungclaus, A Andersson, LL Atanasova, L Balabanski, DL Bentley, A Blank, B Blazhev, A Brandau, C Brown, J Bruce, AM Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, E Fahlander, C Gelletly, W Ilie, G Johansson, EK Jolie, J Jones, GA Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Schwertel, S Walker, PM Wieland, O Brown, BA AF Podolyak, Zs. Steer, S. J. Pietri, S. Werner-Malento, E. Regan, P. H. Rudolph, D. Garnsworthy, A. B. Hoischen, R. Gorska, M. Gerl, J. Wollersheim, H. J. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Benzoni, G. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Caceres, L. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Grebosz, J. Kelic, A. Kojouharov, I. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Schaffner, H. Tashenov, S. Heinz, A. Pfutzner, M. Hellstrom, M. Jungclaus, A. Andersson, L. -L. Atanasova, L. Balabanski, D. L. Bentley, A. Blank, B. Blazhev, A. Brandau, C. Brown, J. Bruce, A. M. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, E. Fahlander, C. Gelletly, W. Ilie, G. Johansson, E. K. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Schwertel, S. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. Brown, B. A. TI Isomeric decay studies around Pt-204 and Tb-148 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID STATES AB Relativistic energy projectile fragmentation of Pb-208 has been used to produce a range of exotic nuclei. The nuclei of interest were studied by detecting delayed gamma rays following the decay of isomeric states. Experimental information on the excited states of the neutron-rich N = 126 nucleus, Pt-204, following internal decay of two isomeric states, was obtained for the first time. In addition, decays from the previously reported isomeric I=27h and I=(49/2)h states in Tb-148 and Gd-147, respectively, have been observed. These isomeric decays represent the highest spin discrete states observed to date following a projectile fragmentation reaction, and opens further the possibility of doing 'high-spin physics' using this technique. C1 [Podolyak, Zs.; Steer, S. J.; Pietri, S.; Regan, P. H.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Brandau, C.; Catford, W. N.; Cullen, I. J.; Gelletly, W.; Jones, G. A.; Liu, Z.; Shizuma, T.; Simons, A. J.; Walker, P. M.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Werner-Malento, E.; Gorska, M.; Gerl, J.; Wollersheim, H. J.; Becker, F.; Bednarczyk, P.; Caceres, L.; Doornenbal, P.; Geissel, H.; Grebosz, J.; Kelic, A.; Kurz, N.; Montes, F.; Prokopowicz, W.; Saito, T.; Schaffner, H.; Tashenov, S.; Brandau, C.] GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Werner-Malento, E.; Pfutzner, M.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Rudolph, D.; Hoischen, R.; Hellstrom, M.; Andersson, L. -L.; Fahlander, C.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Prokopowicz, W.; Estevez, E.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Benzoni, G.; Camera, F.] Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bednarczyk, P.; Grebosz, J.; Kmiecik, M.; Maj, A.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Caceres, L.; Jungclaus, A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Heinz, A.] Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Atanasova, L.; Lalkovski, S.] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BU-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Balabanski, D. L.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Bentley, A.; Brown, J.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Blank, B.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Blazhev, A.; Ilie, G.; Jolie, J.] Univ Cologne, IKP, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Bruce, A. M.] Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. [Dombradi, Zs.] ATOMKI, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shizuma, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kyoto 61902, Japan. [Schwertel, S.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Podolyak, Z (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016; Atanasova, Liliya/A-6506-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012 OI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517; Camera, Franco/0000-0003-1731-4834; NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00294-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600046 ER PT J AU Rudolph, D Pietri, S Podolyak, Z Regan, PH Garnsworthy, AB Hoischen, R Steer, SJ Becker, F Bednarczyk, P Caceres, L Doornenbal, P Geissel, H Gerl, J Gorska, M Grebosz, J Kelic, A Kojouharov, I Kurz, N Montes, F Prokopowicz, W Saito, T Schaffner, H Tashenov, S Werner-Malento, E Wollersheim, HJ Andersson, LL Atanasova, L Balabanski, DL Bentley, MA Benzoni, G Blank, B Blazhev, A Brandau, C Brown, JR Bruce, AM Camera, F Catford, WN Cullen, IJ Dombradi, Z Estevez, E Fahlander, C Gelletly, W Heinz, A Hellstrom, M Ilie, G Johansson, EK Jolie, J Jones, GA Jungclaus, A Kmiecik, M Kondev, FG Kurtukian-Nieto, T Lalkovski, S Liu, Z Maj, A Myalski, S Pfutzner, M Shizuma, T Simons, AJ Schwertel, S Walker, PM Wieland, O AF Rudolph, D. Pietri, S. Podolyak, Zs. Regan, P. H. Garnsworthy, A. B. Hoischen, R. Steer, S. J. Becker, F. Bednarczyk, P. Caceres, L. Doornenbal, P. Geissel, H. Gerl, J. Gorska, M. Grebosz, J. Kelic, A. Kojouharov, I. Kurz, N. Montes, F. Prokopowicz, W. Saito, T. Schaffner, H. Tashenov, S. Werner-Malento, E. Wollersheim, H. J. Andersson, L. -L. Atanasova, L. Balabanski, D. L. Bentley, M. A. Benzoni, G. Blank, B. Blazhev, A. Brandau, C. Brown, J. R. Bruce, A. M. Camera, F. Catford, W. N. Cullen, I. J. Dombradi, Zs. Estevez, E. Fahlander, C. Gelletly, W. Heinz, A. Hellstrom, M. Ilie, G. Johansson, E. K. Jolie, J. Jones, G. A. Jungclaus, A. Kmiecik, M. Kondev, F. G. Kurtukian-Nieto, T. Lalkovski, S. Liu, Z. Maj, A. Myalski, S. Pfutzner, M. Shizuma, T. Simons, A. J. Schwertel, S. Walker, P. M. Wieland, O. TI Exciting isomers from the first stopped-beam RISING campaign SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro ID (CO-53)M; STATES AB First results are reported from a major new initiative of experiments, which focus on nuclear structure studies at extreme isospin values by means of isomer spectroscopy. The experiments represent the first part of the so-called stopped-beam campaign within the Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI (RISING) project. Time-correlated gamma decays from individually identified nuclear species have been measured, allowing the clean identification of isomeric decays in a wide range of exotic nuclei both at the proton drip-line and in heavy, neutron-rich systems. An overview of the experimental technique will be given, together with the performance of the new germanium detector array and future research plans for the collaboration. C1 [Rudolph, D.; Hoischen, R.; Andersson, L. -L.; Hellstrom, M.; Johansson, E. K.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Pietri, S.; Podolyak, Zs.; Regan, P. H.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Steer, S. J.; Brandau, C.; Catford, W. N.; Cullen, I. J.; Gelletly, W.; Liu, Z.; Shizuma, T.; Simons, A. J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Garnsworthy, A. B.; Heinz, A.] Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Becker, F.; Bednarczyk, P.; Caceres, L.; Doornenbal, P.; Geissel, H.; Gerl, J.; Gorska, M.; Grebosz, J.; Kelic, A.; Kojouharov, I.; Kurz, N.; Montes, F.; Prokopowicz, W.; Saito, T.; Schaffner, H.; Tashenov, S.; Werner-Malento, E.; Wollersheim, H. J.; Brandau, C.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Bednarczyk, P.; Grebosz, J.; Prokopowicz, W.; Atanasova, L.; Kmiecik, M.; Myalski, S.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Caceres, L.; Jungclaus, A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Werner-Malento, E.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Atanasova, L.; Lalkovski, S.] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BU-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Balabanski, D. L.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Bentley, M. A.; Brown, J. R.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Benzoni, G.; Camera, F.] Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Blank, B.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Ilie, G.; Jolie, J.] Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Bruce, A. M.] Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. [Dombradi, Zs.] Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Estevez, E.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shizuma, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kyoto 61902, Japan. [Schwertel, S.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Rudolph, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Bruce, Alison/K-7663-2016; Atanasova, Liliya/A-6506-2009; Wieland, Oliver/G-1784-2011; Dombradi, Zsolt/B-3743-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; OI Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Bruce, Alison/0000-0003-2871-0517; Camera, Franco/0000-0003-1731-4834; benzoni, giovanna/0000-0002-7938-0338 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00296-2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600048 ER PT J AU Algora, A Tain, JL Perez, AB Rubio, B Agramunt, J Caballero, L Nacher, E Krasznahorkay, A Hunyadi, MD Gulyas, J Vitez, A Aysto, J Penttila, H Rinta-Antila, S Moore, I Eronen, T Jokinen, A Nieminen, A Hakala, J Karvonen, P Kankainen, A Hager, U Sonoda, T Burkard, K Huller, W Batist, L Gelletly, W Yoshida, T Nichols, AL Sonzogni, A AF Algora, A. Tain, J. L. Perez, A. B. Rubio, B. Agramunt, J. Caballero, L. Nacher, E. Krasznahorkay, A. Hunyadi, M. D. Gulyas, J. Vitez, A. Aysto, J. Penttila, H. Rinta-Antila, S. Moore, I. Eronen, T. Jokinen, A. Nieminen, A. Hakala, J. Karvonen, P. Kankainen, A. Hager, U. Sonoda, T. Burkard, K. Hueller, W. Batist, L. Gelletly, W. Yoshida, T. Nichols, A. L. Sonzogni, A. TI Exploring the reactor heat problem: Study of the beta decay of Tc-104,Tc-105 using the TAS technique SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY JUL 02-07, 2006 CL Cortina, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padova Lab Nazl Sud, Lab Nazl Legnaro AB The decay heat of fission products plays an important role in predictions of the heat up of nuclear fuel in reactors. The released energy is calculated as the summation of the activities of all fission products P(t) = Sigma E-i lambda N-i(i)(t), where E-i is the decay energy of nuclide i,lambda(i) is the decay constant of nuclide i and N-i(t) is the number of nuclide i at cooling time t. Even though the reproduction of the measured decay heat has improved in recent years, there is still a long standing discrepancy in the t similar to 1000s cooling time for some fuels. A possible explanation to this improper description has been found in the work of Yoshida et al [1], where it has been shown that the incomplete knowledge of the beta-decay of some Tc isotopes can be the source of the systematic discrepancy. Motivated by [1], we have recently measured the beta-decay process of some Tc isotopes using a total absorption spectrometer at the IGISOL facility in Jyvaskyla. The results of the measurements as well as the their consequences on summation calculations are discussed. C1 [Algora, A.; Tain, J. L.; Perez, A. B.; Rubio, B.; Agramunt, J.; Caballero, L.; Nacher, E.] Univ Valencia, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. [Krasznahorkay, A.; Hunyadi, M. D.; Gulyas, J.; Vitez, A.] Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Aysto, J.; Penttila, H.; Rinta-Antila, S.; Moore, I.; Eronen, T.; Jokinen, A.; Nieminen, A.; Hakala, J.; Karvonen, P.; Kankainen, A.; Hager, U.; Sonoda, T.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Burkard, K.; Hueller, W.] GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. [Batist, L.] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. [Gelletly, W.] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Yoshida, T.] Musashi Inst Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Nichols, A. L.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Sonzogni, A.] BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Algora, A (reprint author), Univ Valencia, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RI Jokinen, Ari/C-2477-2017; Nacher, Enrique/G-2257-2010; Nacher, Enrique/A-4561-2010; Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Kankainen, Anu/K-3448-2014; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015; Moore, Iain/D-7255-2014; Caballero, Luis/M-1304-2015; Hager, Ulrike/O-1738-2016 OI Jokinen, Ari/0000-0002-0451-125X; Nacher, Enrique/0000-0002-2123-539X; Kankainen, Anu/0000-0003-1082-7602; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Algora, Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794; Moore, Iain/0000-0003-0934-8727; Caballero, Luis/0000-0002-1635-5282; NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 150 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2007-00353-x PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 240QH UT WOS:000251601600105 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Roh, Y Yeary, LW Lauf, RJ Rawn, CJ Love, LJ Phelps, TJ AF Moon, Ji-Won Roh, Yul Yeary, Lucas W. Lauf, Robert J. Rawn, Claudia J. Love, Lonnie J. Phelps, Tommy J. TI Microbial formation of lanthanide-substituted magnetites by Thermoanaerobacter sp TOR-39 SO EXTREMOPHILES LA English DT Article DE Thermoanaerobacter sp TOR-39; mixed-precursor method; direct addition method; lanthanide substituted magnetite; toxicity ID HYDROUS IRON-OXIDE; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIUM; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM; REDUCING BACTERIA; METAL REDUCTION; DEEP SUBSURFACE; FERRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; NANOPARTICLES; FE(III) AB The potentially toxic effects of soluble lanthanide (L) ions, although microbially induced mineralization can facilitate the formation of tractable materials, has been one factor preventing the more widespread use of L-ions in biotechnology. Here, we propose a new mixed-L precursor method as compared to the traditional direct addition technique. L (Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho and Er)-substituted magnetites, L (y),Fe-3 - O-y(4) were microbially produced using L-mixed precursors, L,Fe1 - xOOH, where x = 0.01-0.2. By combining lanthanides into the akaganeite precursor phase, we were able to mitigate some of the toxicity, enabling the microbial formation of L-substituted magnetites using a metal reducing bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter sp. TOR39. The employment of L-mixed precursors enabled the microbial formation of L-substituted magnetite, nominal composition up to L0.06Fe2.94O4, with at least tenfold higher L-concentration than could be obtained when the lanthanides were added as soluble salts. This mixed-precursor method can be used to extend the application of microbially produced L-substituted magnetite, while also mitigating their toxicity. C1 [Moon, Ji-Won; Lauf, Robert J.; Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roh, Yul] Chonnam Natl Univ, Fac Earth Syst & Environm Sci, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Yeary, Lucas W.; Love, Lonnie J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rawn, Claudia J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI Moon, Ji-Won/A-9186-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Love, Lonnie/P-3010-2015 OI Moon, Ji-Won/0000-0001-7776-6889; Love, Lonnie/0000-0002-5934-7135 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1431-0651 J9 EXTREMOPHILES JI Extremophiles PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1007/s00792-007-0102-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 240HG UT WOS:000251578100013 PM 17673945 ER PT J AU Macek, RW Silling, SA AF Macek, Richard W. Silling, Stewart A. TI Peridynamics via finite element analysis SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE peridynamics; finite; element; penetration; fracture; damage ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; BAR AB Peridynamics is a recently developed theory of solid mechanics that replaces the partial differential equations of the classical continuum theory with integral equations. Since the integral equations remain valid in the presence of discontinuities such as cracks, the method has the potential to model fracture and damage with great generality and without the complications of mathematical singularities that plague conventional continuum approaches. Although a discretized form of the peridynamic integral equations has been implemented in a meshless code called EMU, the objective of the present paper is to describe how the peridynamic model can also be implemented in a conventional. finite element analysis (FEA) code using truss elements. Since FEA is arguably the most widely used tool for structural analysis, this implementation may hasten the veri. cation of peridynamics and significantly broaden the range of problems that the practicing analyst might attempt. Also, the present work demonstrates that different subregions of a model can be solved with either the classical partial differential equations or the peridynamic equations in the same calculation thus combining the efficiency of FEA with the generality of peridynamics. Several example problems show the equivalency of the FEA and the meshless peridynamic approach as well as demonstrate the utility and robustness of the method for problems involving fracture, damage and penetration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Macek, Richard W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Silling, Stewart A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Macek, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, WT-1,MS P946,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rwmacek@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 15 BP 1169 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2007.08.012 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 267CT UT WOS:000253487500005 ER PT J AU Yazaydin, AO Martin, MG AF Yazaydin, A. Oezguer Martin, Marcus G. TI Bubble point pressure estimates from Gibbs ensemble simulations SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; Gibbs ensemble; bubble point pressure ID BIAS MONTE-CARLO; UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; FORCE-FIELD; ALGORITHM; PROTEINS; ALKANES; SCHEME AB Bubble pressure points of ethanol-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea refrigerant) mixtures from the third Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Challenge are computed using publicly available molecular simulation software. Several published force fields are compared against the known answers provided in the contest guidelines and the best force fields are used to make predictions for the unknown results. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Computat Biosci Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Useful Bias Inc, Edgewood, NM 87015 USA. RP Martin, MG (reprint author), Computat Biosci Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, PO Box 5800Mailstop 0895, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM yazaydin@northwestern.edu; marcus_martin@usefulbias.com NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 260 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.08.016 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 233FL UT WOS:000251075700007 ER PT J AU Rai, N Rafferty, JL Maiti, A Siepmann, JI AF Rai, Neeraj Rafferty, Jake L. Maiti, Amitesh Siepmann, J. Ilja TI Prediction of the bubble point pressure for the binary mixture of ethanol and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane from Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations using the TraPPE force field SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE vapor-liquid equilibria; Monte Carlo simulations; hydrofluorocarbons; ethanol ID UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-ENERGIES; N-HEXANE; EQUILIBRIA; ALKANES; SOLVATION AB Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the Gibbs ensemble using the TraPPE force field were carried out to predict the pressure-composition diagrams for the binary mixture of ethanol and 1, 1, 1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane at 283.17 and 343.13 K. A new approach is introduced that allows one to scale predictions at one temperature based on the differences in Gibbs free energies of transfer between experiment and simulation obtained at another temperature. A detailed analysis of the molecular structure and hydrogen bonding for this fluid mixture is provided. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Mat Sci, Dept Chem Engn,Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Siepmann, JI (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Mat Sci, Dept Chem Engn,Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM siepmann@chem.umn.edu RI Rai, Neeraj/D-5346-2012 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 260 IS 2 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.06.034 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 233FL UT WOS:000251075700008 ER PT J AU Rivera, SB Koch, SJ Bauer, JM Edwards, JM Bachand, GD AF Rivera, Susan B. Koch, Steven J. Bauer, Joseph M. Edwards, J. Matthew Bachand, George D. TI Temperature dependent properties of a kinesin-3 motor protein from Thermomyces lanuginosus SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE motor proteins; biomolecular motors; kinesin; microtubules; thermophiles ID FUNGUS USTILAGO-MAYDIS; HAND-OVER-HAND; MOLECULAR MOTORS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; CONVENTIONAL KINESIN; K-LOOP; TRANSPORT; KIF1A; MICROTUBULES; MECHANISM AB Kinesins are cytoskeletal motor proteins that share a common mechanochemical motor domain, and are responsible for trafficking macromolecules. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a monomeric, kinesin-3 (TKIN) from Thermomyces lanuginosus. TKIN displayed a maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis at similar to 55 degrees C; the K-m(ATP) was also significantly greater at 50 degrees C. Gliding motility rates reached a maximum of 5.5 mu m s(-1) at 45 degrees C, which is among the highest rates reported for kinesin. Arrhenius energy barriers were calm culated to be similar to 103 kJ mol(-1), nearly twofold greater than other mesophilic kinesin motors. The enthalpy of activation and entropy activation of TKIN were also significantly greater when compared to other mesophilic kinesins. A thermally induced aggregation of TKIN, which could be moderated by the addition of ATP, was observed at temperatures above 45 degrees C. Together, these results illustrate the kinetic response and stability of this unique motor protein at elevated temperatures. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Interfaces & Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Total analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bachand, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Interfaces & Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gdbacha@sandia.gov OI Koch, Steven/0000-0001-9027-7502; Bachand, George/0000-0002-3169-9980 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1170 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2007.02.004 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 223II UT WOS:000250363100010 PM 17398126 ER PT J AU Latkowski, JF Abbott, RP Laning, R Manson, S Morris, K Reyes, S Williams, E AF Latkowski, J. F. Abbott, Ryan P. Laning, Ray Manson, Steve Morris, Kevin Reyes, Susana Williams, Eric TI Experience with conversion of cad to monte carlo particle transport models SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During the past two years a team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has used Raytheon's TopAct code to convert a variety of CAD models into TART and MCNP Monte Carlo input files. TopAct offers the possibility of enormous savings by largely eliminating the need for manual generation of models via combinatorial geometry. Also, TopAct is expected to deliver improvements in quality assurance and configuration management. We detail our experiences with various test problems. The reader will see the steady improvements that have been made in the conversion process and understand our expectations for further progress. Finally, we explain how TopAct will become a cornerstone of our future neutronics efforts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. ITER Joint Work Site, Cadarache, France. RP Latkowski, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM latkowski@llnl.gov; sjmanson@raytheon.com; susana.reyes@iter.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500009 ER PT J AU Pint, BA AF Pint, B. A. TI Compatibility issues for a high temperature dual coolant blanket SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM PERMEATION BARRIERS; IRON-ALUMINIDE COATINGS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; PB-17LI; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES; STABILITY; LITHIUM; ALLOYS AB One proposed U.S. test blanket module (TBAI) for ITER uses ferritic-martensitic alloys with both eutectic Pb-Li and He coolants at similar to 475 degrees C In order for this blanket concept to operate at higher temperatures (similar to 750 degrees C) for a DEMO-type reactor, several Pb-Li compatibility issues need to be addressed. A SiC/SiC composite flow channel insert is proposed to reduce the steel dissolution rate (and the magnetohydrodynamic pressure drop). Prior capsule testing examined dense, high-purity SiC in Pb-Li at 800 degrees-1200 degrees C and found detectable levels of Si in the Pb-Li after 2,000h at 1100 degrees C and 1,000h at 1200 degrees C Current capsule experiments are examining several different SiC/SiC composite materials at 1000 degrees C. Another issue involves Pb-Li transport between the first wall and heat exchanger Aluminide coatings on type 316 stainless steel and Al-containing alloys capable of forming an external alumina scale have been studied in capsule experiments at 700 degrees and 800 degrees C for 1,000h. Model aluminide coatings made by chemical vapor deposition reduced the dissolution rate for 316SS at 800 degrees C by a factor of 50. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@oml.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 829 EP 833 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500013 ER PT J AU Insepov, Z Hassanein, A Bazhirov, TT Norman, GE Stegailov, VV AF Insepov, Z. Hassanein, A. Bazhirov, T. T. Norman, G. . Stegailov, V. V. TI Molecular dynamics simulations of bubble formation and cavitation in liquid metals SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; VAPOR INTERFACE; SURFACE-TENSION; NUCLEATION; CLUSTERS; DROPS AB Thermodynamics and kinetics of nano-scale bubble formation in liquid metals such as Li and Pb were studied by molecular dynamics (AM) simulations at pressures typical for magnetic and inertial fusion. Two different approaches to bubble formation were developed. In one method, radial densities, pressures, surface tensions, and work functions of the cavities in supercooled liquid lithium were calculated and compared with the surface tension experimental data. The critical radius of a stable cavity in liquid lithium was found for the first time. In the second method, the cavities were created in the highly streched region of the liquid phase diagram; and then the stability boundary and the cavitation rates were calculated in liquid lead. The pressure dependences of cavitation frequencies were obtained over the temperature range 700-2700 degrees K in liquid Pb. The results of MD calculations for cavitation rate were compared with estimates of classical nucleation theory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RAS, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow 125412, Russia. RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM insepov@anl.gov; hassanein@anl.gov; bazhirov@ihed.ras.ru; norman@ihedras.ru; stegailov@ihed.ras.ru RI Norman, Genri/E-1418-2013; Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013; Stegailov, Vladimir/C-4756-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293; Stegailov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5349-3991 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 885 EP 889 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500024 ER PT J AU Schumer, JW Ottinger, PF Olson, CL AF Schumer, J. W. Ottinger, P. F. Olson, C. L. TI Power flow design constraints for a recyclable transmission line for z-pinch ife SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSULATED ELECTRON FLOW AB A recyclable transmission line (RTL) carries power from the pulsed-power driver to the fusion target in a z-pinch-driven inertial-confinement fusion energy (IFE) system. In order to minimize the driver voltage, the RTL inductance must be small, requiring a short, low-impedance, magnetically insulated transmission line (MTL). However, the large linear current density that flows in the electrodes at small radius near the load resistively heats the anode surface, leading to anode plasma formation and ion emission. If the impedance of the RTL is too small, large ion current losses can occur and large electron flow currents can be launched into the z-pinch load region. These problems are avoided by choosing the line impedance at the load end of the RTL to be well above the effective impedance of the imploding load. By gradually reducing the impedance along the line moving from the load to the driver, the RTL inductance can be controlled. But, if the impedance is varied too rapidly along the line, significant electron flow current losses can occur. The impact of these constraints on the RTL design of an IFE system is discussed and a compromise design with reasonable power coupling efficiency is established. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schumer@nrl.navy.mil RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 901 EP 905 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500026 ER PT J AU Abbott, RP Latkowski, JF AF Abbott, Ryan P. Latkowski, Jeffery F. TI Ion deflection for final optics in laser inertial fusion power plants SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STATE AB Left unprotected, both transmissive and reflective final optics in a laser inertial fusion power plant would quickly fail from melting, pulsed thermal stresses, or degradation of optical properties as a result of ion implantation. One potential option for mitigating this threat is to magnetically deflect the ions such that they are directed into a robust energy dump. In this paper we detail integrated studies that have been carried out to assess the viability of this approach for protecting final optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Abbott, RP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM abbott13@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 916 EP 921 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500029 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Mazarakis, MG Olson, CL AF Smith, David L. Mazarakis, Michael G. Olson, Craig L. TI Driver transition geometries and inductance considerations leading to design guidelines for a z-ife power plant SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A 70-MA, 7-MV similar to 100-ns driver for a Z-pinch Inertial Fusion Energy (Z-IFE) power plant has been proposed. In this summary we address the transition region between the 70 Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) modules and the center Recyclable Transmission Line (RTL) load section, which convolves from the coaxial vacuum Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines (MITL) to a parallel tri-plate and then a bi-plate disk feed. An inductive annular chamber terminates one side of the tri-plate in a manner that preserves vacuum and electrical circuit integrity without significant energy losses. The simplicity is offset by the disadvantage of the chamber size, which is proportional to the driver impedance and decreases with the addition of more parallel modules. Inductive isolation chamber sizes are estimated in this paper, based on an optimized LTD equivalent circuit simulation source driving a matched load using transmission line models. We consider the trade-offs between acceptable energy loss and the size of the inductive isolation chamber; accepting a 6% energy loss would only require a 60-nH chamber. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1600,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlsmith@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 922 EP 926 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500030 ER PT J AU Bardet, PM Abbott, RP Campen, C Franklin, J Zhao, H Peterson, PF AF Bardet, Philippe M. Abbott, Ryan P. Campen, Chris Franklin, James Zhao, Haihua Peterson, Per F. TI Experimental investigation of z-pinch ife chamber liquid structure response SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSION CHAMBERS AB Z-Pinch IFE chamber fluid mechanics can be studied using simulant fluids such as water in reduced scale facilities. The use of porous liquid and solid blanket materials provides the key to mitigating blast effects from fusion reaction. The UCB Vacuum Hydraulics Experiment (VHEAX) was recently upgraded with a large, annular inlet nozzle system to produce an annular porous liquid curtains to study Z-Pinch IFE chamber response. Explosives experiments in VHEX studied the response of the liquid structure to the detonation of high explosive C-4. The experiments demonstrated that the crushing of porous liquid structures is effective in transferring momentum uniformly into the blanket mass. No significant high-speed jetting or spall was observed exiting the shocked liquid structure. Independent measurement of the transient pressure history, coupled with high-speed video of the blanket response and final velocity, will provide the basis to validate gas dynamics and blanket response models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Peterson, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Peterson@nuc.berkeleve.edu RI Zhao, Haihua/A-8852-2009 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500032 ER PT J AU Oakley, J Anderson, M Marriott, E Gudmundson, J Sridharan, K Vigil, V Rochau, G Bonazza, R AF Oakley, Jason Anderson, Mark Marriott, Ed Gudmundson, Jesse Sridharan, Kumar Vigil, Virginia Rochau, Gary Bonazza, Riccardo TI Shock mitigation studies in voided liquids for fusion chamber protection SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A liquid pool, with and without void fractions, was subjected to dynamic compression testing in a vertical shock tube to model the bubbly-pool concept being considered for use in an inertial fusion energy reactor. Water and oil were used to model the FliBe coolant that collects at the bottom of the chamber and serves as first wall protection at that location. The experiments (shock strengths M=1.4, 2.0, and 3.1) were conducted in atmospheric pressure argon, and argon was bubbled through the liquid to achieve void fractions of 5-15% in the 30.4 cm deep pool. Pressure measurements were taken in the pool at intervals of 2.54 cm to measure the effect of void fraction on the pool compression and the compression wave traveling through the liquid. The presence of the gas voids in the liquid had a strong effect on the dynamic pressure loading but did not reduce the shock impulse significantly at the low and intermediate Mach numbers, but did exhibit a mitigating effect at the higher shock strength. A very high void fraction foam was also studied that resulted in a 22% reduction of the shock wave impulse. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oakley, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM oakley@engr.wisc.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 943 EP 947 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500034 ER PT J AU Meier, WR AF Meier, Wayne R. TI Systems modeling for z-ife power plants SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY AB A systems model has been developed for Z-IFE power plants. The model includes cost and performance scaling for the target physics, z-pinch driver, chamber, power conversion system and target/RTL manufacturing plant. As the base case we consider the dynamic hohlraum target and a thick liquid wall chamber with flibe as the working fluid. Driver cost and efficiency are evaluated parametrically since various options are still being considered. The model allows for power plants made up of multiple chambers and power conversion units supplied by a central target/RTL manufacturing plant. Initial results indicate that plants with few chambers operating at high yield are economically more attractive than the 10-unit plant previously proposed. Various parametric and sensitivity studies have been completed and are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 948 EP 952 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500035 ER PT J AU Schmitz, L Tajima, Y Ying, A Caleroni, P AF Schmitz, L. Tajima, Y. Ying, A. Caleroni, P. TI Recombination dynamics of metal halides in the presence of vaporised ferritic steel SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALT; IFE AB The Z-pinch driven fusion reactor will require extremely high current pulses to generate sufficient x-ray flux for the fusion target implosion. The fusion target is coupled to the pulsed power system through a recyclable transmission line (RTL) that is presently envisioned made of carbon steel. The energy released by the fusion pulse is absorbed by liquid flibe (Li2BeF4) coolant and by the RTL material which is partially vaporized and ionized. The objective of this paper is to characterize the recombination of vaporized metal halides in the presence of ferritic steel in a plasma with parameters similar to those expected in the Z-IFE chamber (plasma density < 2x10(18) cm(-3), T-e < 40000 K). Using a substitute eutectic salt (Na2MgCl4) instead of flibe, we find experimentally that the three-body recombination rate of iron with chlorine is larger than that of sodium with chlorine. The measured recombination rates are compared to equilibrium recombination rates calculated at lower temperature (5000 K). The results suggest that an effective scheme for the removal of ferritic fluorite from the liquid flibe coolant may be needed in a Z-IFE reactor in addition to the mechanical separation of carbon steel RTL material required for recycling. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Schmitz, L (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM lschmitz@ucla.edu OI Calderoni, Pattrick/0000-0002-2316-6404 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 963 EP 968 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500038 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, LC Pinna, T Petersen, PI AF Cadwallader, L. C. Pinna, T. Petersen, P. I. TI Power supply reliability estimates for experimental fusion facilities SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the results of a task to analyze the operating experience data for large, pulsed power supplies used at the DIII-D tokamak. This activity supports the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project by giving fusion-specific reliability values for large power supplies that energize neutral beams and magnets. These failure rate data are necessary to perform system availability calculations and to make estimates of the frequency of safety-significant events (e.g., power supply arcs or fires) that might occur in other fusion facilities such as ITER. The analysis shows that the DIII-D data results compare well with the results of similar data analysis work that the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA) has performed on the JET tokamak and compare fairly with data from two accelerators. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. ENEA, I-45000444 Rome, Italy. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Lee.Cadwallader@inl.gov RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 979 EP 984 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500040 ER PT J AU Clark, EA Shanahan, KL AF Clark, Elliot A. Shanahan, Kirk L. TI Effects of tritium on UHMW-PE, PTFE, and vespel (R) polyimide SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB Samples of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the polyimide Vespel (R) were exposed to tritium gas in closed containers initially at 101 kPa (1 atmosphere) pressure and ambient temperature for various times up to 2.3 years. Tritium exposure effects on the samples were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and radiolysis products were characterized by measuring the total final pressure and composition in the exposure containers at the end of exposure period. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Clark, EA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 773-A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM elliot.clark@srnl.doe.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1011 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500045 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, LC AF Cadwallader, L. C. TI Occupational injury rate estimates in magnetic fusion experiments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-EXPOSURE DATA; COLLECTION AB In nuclear facilities, there are two primary aspects Of occupational safety. The first aspect is radiological safety, which has rightly been treated in detail in nuclear facilities. Radiological exposure data have been collected from the existing tokamaks to serve as forecasts for ITER radiation safety. The second aspect of occupational safety, "traditional" industrial safety, must also be considered for a complete occupational safety program. Industrial safety data on occupational injury rates from the JET and TFTR tokamaks, three accelerators, and U.S. nuclear fission plants have been collected to set industrial safety goals for the ITER operations staff The results of this occupational safety data collection and analysis activity are presented here. The data show that an annual lost workday case rate of 0.3 incidents per 100 workers is a conceivable goal for ITER operations. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Lee.Cadwallader@inl.gov RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1021 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500047 ER PT J AU Humrickhouse, PW Sharpe, JP Corradini, ML AF Humrickhouse, P. W. Sharpe, J. P. Corradini, M. L. TI Modeling of the toroidal dust mobilization experiment SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Toroidal Dust Mobilization eXperiment (TDMX) has been developed to investigate the mobilization of dust in fusion reactor Loss of Vacuum Accident (LOVA) scenarios. TDMX data will be utilized to validate new computational models for dust resuspension and transport in LOVAs. This work describes the modeling of the compressible vessel filling in TDAM using the CFD code Fluent. Results for fast (similar to 0.1 s) pressure transients are found to agree well with experimental and analytical results. Modeling longer transients has thus far been less successful, due primarily to the difficulty in resolving the accompanying small flow passages. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Humrickhouse, PW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Humrickhouse@inl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1022 EP 1026 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500048 ER PT J AU Song, P Holder, J Young, B Kalantar, D Eder, D Kimbrough, J AF Song, Peter Holder, Joe Young, Bruce Kalantar, Dan Eder, David Kimbrough, Joe TI Neutron radiation shielding for the nif streaked x-ray detector (sxd) diagnostic SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is preparing for the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) scheduled in 2010. The NIC is comprised of several "tuning" physics sub-campaigns leading up to a demonstration of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) ignition. Some of these experiments requires to use the NIF streak x-ray detector (SXD) to measure fuel capsule trajectory (shock timing) or x-ray "bang-time" from time-resolved x-ray imaging of the imploding capsule fuelled with pure tritium (T) instead of a deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture. The resulting prompt neutron fluence at the planned SXD location (similar to 1.7 m from the target) would be similar to 1.4e9/cm(2). Previous measurements suggest the onset of significant background at a neutron fluence of similar to 1e8/cm(2) and the radiation damage and operational upsets which start at similar to 1e8 rad-Si/sec must be factored into an integrated experimental campaign plan. Monte Carlo analyses were performed to predict the neutron and gamma/x-ray fluences and radiation doses for the proposed diagnostic configuration. A possible shielding configuration is proposed to mitigate radiation effects. The primary component of this shielding is an 80 cm thickness of Polyethylene (PE) between target chamber center (TCC) and the SXD diagnostic. Additionally, 6-8 cm of PE around the detector reduces the large number of neutrons that scatter off the inside of the target chamber. This proposed shielding configuration reduces the high-energy neutron fluence at the SXD by approximately a factor of similar to 50. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Song, P (reprint author), LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM song6@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1039 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500050 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, RC AF Kirkpatrick, Ronald C. TI Fusion reaction product transport for magnetized target fusion SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB This paper deals with magnetized target fusion (MTF), which proposes to use a magnetic field to reduce the electron thermal conduction and to enhance energy deposition by the charged fusion products. Here we discuss two important aspects of charged particle interaction with the magnetized plasma: 1) the effect of the magnetic field on the stopping power of the plasma and 2) increased charged particle path length within the fusion fuel due to the contortion of the path by the field. The effect of the field on the stopping power depends on the ratios of several plasma parameters, including the Debye length, the Larmor radius, and the relative values of plasma, cyclotron, and collision frequencies. For the MTF regime these parameters are linked due to the need to have adequately magnetized plasma for the reduction of electron thermal conductivity and the need for adequately reduced density to insure that the radiation from the plasma is not too high. We use partially analytic results to show how field gradients shrink the size of the fusion ignition region in the Lindl-Widner diagrams. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS 645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rck@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1078 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 228BI UT WOS:000250701500058 ER PT J AU Hudson, SG Garrett, MJ Carlson, JW Micklem, G Celniker, SE Goldstein, ES Newfeld, SJ AF Hudson, Stephanie G. Garrett, Matthew J. Carlson, Joseph W. Micklem, Gos Celniker, Susan E. Goldstein, Elliott S. Newfeld, Stuart J. TI Phylogenetic and genomewide analyses suggest a functional relationship between kayak, the drosophila fos homolog, and fig, a predicted protein phosphatase 2C nested within a kayak intron SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; C-FOS; EVOLUTION; GENE; MELANOGASTER; PHOSPHORYLATION; PATTERNS; DISTINCT; CLONING; FAMILY AB A gene located within the intron of a larger gene is an uncommon arrangement in any species. Few of these nested gene arrangements have been explored from an evolutionary perspective. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of kayak (kay) and fos intron gene (fig), a divergently transcribed gene located in a kay intron, utilizing 12 Drosophila species. The evolutionary relationship between these genes is of interest because kay is the homolog of the proto-oncogene c-fos whose function is modulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation and fig is a predicted PP2C phosphatase specific for serine/threonine residues. We found that, despite an extraordinary level of diversification in the intron-exon structure of kay (11 inversions and six independent exon losses), the nested arrangement of kay and fig is conserved in all species. A genomewide analysis of protein-coding nested gene pairs revealed that similar to 20% of nested pairs in D. melanogaster are also nested in D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis. A phylogenctic examination of fig revealed that there are three subfamilies of PP2C phosphatases in all 12 species of Drosophila. Overall, our phylogenetic and genomewide analyses suggest that the nested arrangement of kay and fig may be due to a functional relationship between them. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolutionary Funct Genom, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Newfeld, SJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM newfeld@asn.edu OI Micklem, Gos/0000-0002-6883-6168 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA095875, R01 CA095875]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG002516, R01 HG002516] NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1349 EP 1361 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.071670 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 237JA UT WOS:000251368800008 PM 18039871 ER PT J AU Gordon, L Yang, S Tran-Gyamfi, M Baggott, D Christensen, M Hamilton, A Crooijmans, R Groenen, M Lucas, S Ovcharenko, I Stubbs, L AF Gordon, Laurie Yang, Shan Tran-Gyamfi, Mary Baggott, Dan Christensen, Mari Hamilton, Aaron Crooijmans, Richard Groenen, Martien Lucas, Susan Ovcharenko, Ivan Stubbs, Lisa TI Comparative analysis of chicken chromosome 28 provides new clues to the evolutionary fragility of gene-rich vertebrate regions SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL MAP; HUMAN-GENOME; SEQUENCE; MOUSE; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; LINEAGE; PROMOTERS; DOMAINS; DRIVEN AB The chicken genome draft sequence has provided a valuable resource for Studies of an important agricultural and experimental model species and an important data set for comparative analysis. However, some of the most gene-rich segments are missing from chicken genome draft assemblies, limiting the analysis of a substantial number of genes and preventing a closer look at regions that are especially prone to syntenic rearrangements. To facilitate the functional and evolutionary analysis of one especially gene-rich, rearrangement-prone genomic region, we analyzed sequence from BAC clones spanning chicken microchromosome GGA28; as a complement we also analyzed a gene-sparse, stable region frorn GGA11. In these two regions we documented the conservation and lineage-specific gain and loss of protein-coding genes and precisely mapped the locations of 31 major human-chicken syntenic breakpoints. Altogether, we identified 72 lineage-specific genes, many of which are found at or near syntenic breaks, implicating evolutionary breakpoint regions as major sites of genetic innovation and change. Twenty-two of the 31 breakpoint regions have been reused repeatedly as rearrangement breakpoints in vertebrate evolution. Compared with stable GC-matched regions, GGA28 is highly enriched in CpG islands, as are break-prone intervals identified elsewhere in the chicken genome; evolutionary breakpoints are further enriched in GC content and CpG islands, highlighting a potential role for these features in genome instability. These data support the hypothesis that chromosome rearrangements have not Occurred randomly over the Course of vertebrate evolution but are focused preferentially within "fragile" regions with unusual DNA sequence characteristics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Wageningen Univ, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov RI Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; OI Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1613 DI 10.1101/gr.6775107 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 227FD UT WOS:000250641700007 PM 17921355 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Gunderson, KM Icenhower, JP Forrester, SW Forrester, SW AF Wellman, D. M. Gunderson, K. M. Icenhower, J. P. Forrester, S. W. Forrester, S. W. TI Dissolution kinetics of synthetic and natural meta-autunite minerals, X-3-n((n)+) [(UO2)( PO4)](2) center dot xH(2)O, under acidic conditions SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE uranium; phosphate; autunite; dissolution; kinetics. ID GIBBS FREE-ENERGIES; URANIUM-COMPOUNDS; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; SOILS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; ENTHALPIES; PHASES AB [1] Mass transport within the uranium geochemical cycle is impacted by the availability of phosphorous. In oxidizing environments, in which the uranyl ( UO2 (2+)) ionic species is typically mobile, formation of sparingly soluble uranyl phosphate minerals exerts a strong influence on uranium transport. Autunite group minerals, X-3-n((n)+) [(UO2)( PO4)](2) center dot xH(2)O, have been identified as the long- term uranium- controlling phases in many systems of geochemical interest. Anthropogenic operations related to uranium mining operations have created acidic environments exposing uranyl phosphate minerals to low- pH groundwaters. Investigations regarding the dissolution behavior of autunite group minerals under acidic conditions have not been reported; consequently, knowledge of the longevity of uranium-controlling solids is incomplete. The purpose of this investigation was threefold: ( 1) to quantify the dissolution kinetics of natural calcium meta- autunite, Ca[(UO2)(2)(PO4)(2)] center dot 3H(2)O, and synthetic sodium meta- autunite, Na-2[(UO2)(2)(PO4)(2)] center dot 3H(2)O, under acidic conditions; ( 2) to measure the effect of temperature and pH on meta- autunite mineral dissolution; and ( 3) to investigate the formation of secondary uranyl phosphate phases as long- term controls on uranium migration. Single- pass flow-through ( SPFT) dissolution tests were conducted over the pH range of 2 to 5 and from 5 degrees to 70 degrees C. Results presented here illustrate meta- autunite dissolution kinetics are strongly dependent on pH but are relatively insensitive to temperature variations. In addition, the formation of secondary uranyl-phosphate phases such as uranyl phosphate, ( UO2)(3)( PO4)(2) center dot x H2O, may serve as a secondary phase limiting the migration of uranium in the environment. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Coll Earth & Energy, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Wellman, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K3-62, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dawn.wellman@pnl.gov RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 8 AR Q11001 DI 10.1029/2007GC001695 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 228BS UT WOS:000250702700001 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, James G. TI Seismic waves in rocks with fluids and fractures SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; cracks; vertical transverse isotropy ID SATURATED CRACKED SOLIDS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; PORE-FLUID; ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; SHEAR MODULUS; POROUS ROCK; P-WAVE; ATTENUATION; PROPAGATION; VELOCITIES AB Seismic wave propagation through the earth is often strongly affected by the presence of fractures. When these fractures are filled with fluids (oil, gas, water, CO2, etc.), the type and state of the fluid (liquid or gas) can make a large difference in the response of the seismic waves. This paper summarizes recent work on methods of deconstructing the effects of fractures, and any fluids within these fractures, on seismic wave propagation as observed in reflection seismic data. One method explored here is Thomsen's weak anisotropy approximation for wave moveout (since fractures often induce elastic anisotropy due to non-uniform crack-orientation statistics). Another method makes use of some very convenient crack/fracture parameters introduced previously that permit a relatively simple deconstruction of the elastic and wave propagation behaviour in terms of a small number of crack-influence parameters (whenever this is appropriate, as is certainly the case for small crack densities). Then, the quantitative effects of fluids on these crack-influence parameters are shown to be directly related to Skempton's coefficient B of undrained poroelasticity (where B typically ranges from 0 to 1). In particular, the rigorous result obtained for the low crack density limit is that the crack-influence parameters are multiplied by a factor (1 - B) for undrained systems. It is also shown how fracture anisotropy affects Rayleigh wave speed, and how measured Rayleigh wave speeds can be used to infer shear wave speed of the fractured medium in some cases. Higher crack density results are also presented by incorporating recent simulation data on such cracked systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGBerryman@LBL.GOV RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 954 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03563.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 220GR UT WOS:000250145700034 ER PT J AU Wan, S Norby, RJ Ledford, J Weltzin, JF AF Wan, Shiqiang Norby, Richard J. Ledford, Joanne Weltzin, Jake F. TI Responses of soil respiration to elevated CO2, air warming, and changing soil water availability in a model old-field grassland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air warming; atmospheric CO2 concentration; old-field grassland; soil respiration; soil water availability; temperature sensitivity ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; EFFLUX AB Responses of soil respiration to atmospheric and climatic change will have profound impacts on ecosystem and global carbon (C) cycling in the future. This study was conducted to examine effects on soil respiration of the concurrent driving factors of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, air warming, and changing precipitation in a constructed old-field grassland in eastern Tennessee, USA. Model ecosystems of seven old-field species were established in open-top chambers and treated with factorial combinations of ambient or elevated (+300 ppm) CO2 concentration, ambient or elevated (+3 degrees C) air temperature, and high or low soil moisture content. During the 19-month experimental period from June 2003 to December 2004, higher CO2 concentration and soil water availability significantly increased mean soil respiration by 35.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The effects of air warming on soil respiration varied seasonally from small reductions to significant increases to no response, and there was no significant main effect. In the wet side of elevated CO2 chambers, air warming consistently caused increases in soil respiration, whereas in the other three combinations of CO2 and water treatments, warming tended to decrease soil respiration over the growing season but increase it over the winter. There were no interactive effects on soil respiration among any two or three treatment factors irrespective of time period. Treatment-induced changes in soil temperature and moisture together explained 49%, 44%, and 56% of the seasonal variations of soil respiration responses to elevated CO2, air warming, and changing precipitation, respectively. Additional indirect effects of seasonal dynamics and responses of plant growth on C substrate supply were indicated. Given the importance of indirect effects of the forcing factors and plant community dynamics on soil temperature, moisture, and C substrate, soil respiration response to climatic warming should not be represented in models as a simple temperature response function, and a more mechanistic representation including vegetation dynamics and substrate supply is needed. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Wan, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM swan@ibcas.ac.cn RI Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 55 TC 124 Z9 164 U1 14 U2 136 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 13 IS 11 BP 2411 EP 2424 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01433.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221YH UT WOS:000250262800014 ER PT J AU Fritz, BG Arntzen, EV AF Fritz, Brad G. Arntzen, Evan V. TI Effect of rapidly changing river stage on uranium flux through the hyporheic zone SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; COLUMBIA RIVER; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SLUG TEST; WATER; GROUNDWATER; DISCHARGE; STREAM; WASHINGTON; HANFORD AB Measurement of ground water/surface water interaction within the hyporheic zone is increasingly recognized as an important aspect of subsurface contaminant fate and transport. Understanding the interaction between ground water and surface water is critical in developing a complete conceptual model of contaminant transport through the hyporheic zone. At the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington, ground water contaminated with uranium discharges to the Columbia River through the hyporheic zone. Ground water flux varies according to changes in hydraulic gradient caused by fluctuating river stage, which changes in response to operation of dams on the Columbia River. Piezometers and continuous water quality monitoring probes were installed in the hyporheic zone to provide long-term, high-frequency measurement of hydraulic gradient and estimated uranium concentrations. Subsequently, the flux of water and uranium was calculated for each half-hour time period over a 15-month study period. In addition, measurement of water levels in the near-shore unconfined aquifer enhanced the understanding of the relationship between river stage, aquifer elevation, and uranium flux. Changing river stage resulted in fluctuating hydraulic gradient within the hyporheic zone. Further, influx of river water caused lower uranium concentrations as a result of dilution. The methods employed in this study provide a better understanding of the interaction between surface and ground water in a situation with a dynamically varying vertical hydraulic gradient and illustrate how the combination of relatively standard methods can be used to derive an accurate estimation of water and contaminant flux through the hyporheic zone. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 BHattelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Bradley.Fritz@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00365.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 225DV UT WOS:000250498200016 PM 17973753 ER PT J AU Hinton, TG Alexakhin, R Balonov, M Gentner, N Hendry, J Prister, B Strand, P Woodhead, D AF Hinton, Thomas G. Alexakhin, Rudolph Balonov, Mikhail Gentner, Norman Hendry, Jolyn Prister, Boris Strand, Per Woodhead, Dennis TI Radiation-induced effects on plants and animals: Findings of the united nations Chernobyl forum SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; Chernobyl; health effects; accidents; nuclear ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA HETEROPLASMY; VOLE CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; BARN SWALLOWS; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; SMALL MAMMALS; BANK VOLE; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; GERMLINE MUTATION; PINUS-SILVESTRIS AB Several United Nations organizations sought to dispel the uncertainties and controversy that still exist concerning the effects of the Chernobyl accident. A Chernobyl Forum of international expertise was established to reach consensus on the environmental consequences and health effects attributable to radiation exposure arising from the accident. This review is a synopsis of the subgroup that examined the radiological effects to nonhuman biota within the 30-km Exclusion Zone. The response of biota to Chernobyl irradiation was a complex interaction among radiation dose, dose rate, temporal and spatial variation, varying radiation sensitivities of the different taxons, and indirect effects from other events. The radiation-induced effects to plants and animals within the 30-km Exclusion Zone around Chernobyl can be framed in three broad time periods relative to the accident: an intense exposure period during the first 30 d following the accident of 26 April 1986; a second phase that extended through the first year of exposure during which time the short-lived radionuclides decayed and longer-lived radionuclides were transported to different components of the environment by physical, chemical and biological processes; and the third and continuing long-term phase of chronic exposure with dose rates < 1% of the initial values. The doses accumulated, and the observed effects on plants, soil invertebrates, terrestrial vertebrates and fish are summarized for each time period. Physiological and genetic effects on biota, as well as the indirect effects on wildlife of removing humans from the Chernobyl area, are placed in context of what was known about radioecological effects prior to the accident. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Russian Inst Agr Radiol & Agroecol, Obninsk, Russia. IAEA, Vienna, Austria. United Nation Sci Comm Effects Atom Radiat, Vienna, Austria. Ukrainian Inst Agr Radiol, Kiev, Ukraine. Int Union Radioecol, Oslo, Norway. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM thinton@srel.edu NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 54 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 427 EP 440 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 221HG UT WOS:000250217400008 PM 18049219 ER PT J AU Napier, BA Schmieman, EA Voitsekovitch, O AF Napier, B. A. Schmieman, E. A. Voitsekovitch, O. TI Radioactive waste management and environmental contamination issues at the Chernobyl site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; waste management; contamination; environmental; Chernobyl AB The destruction of the Unit 4 reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant resulted in the generation of radioactive contamination and radioactive waste at the site and in the surrounding area (referred to as the Exclusion Zone). In the course of remediation activities, large volumes of radioactive waste were generated and placed in temporary near-surface waste storage and disposal facilities. Trench and landfill type facilities were created from 1986-1987 in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone at distances 0.5-15 km from the nuclear power plant site. This large number of facilities was established without proper design documentation, engineered barriers, or hydrogeological investigations and they do not meet contemporary waste-safety requirements. Immediately following the accident, a Shelter was constructed over the destroyed reactor; in addition to uncertainties in stability at the time of its construction, structural elements of the Shelter have degraded as a result of corrosion. The main potential hazard of the Shelter is a possible collapse of its top structures and release of radioactive dust into the environment. A New Safe Confinement (NSC) with a 100 y service life is planned to be built as a cover over the existing Shelter as a longer-term solution. The construction of the NSC will enable the dismantlement of the current Shelter, removal of highly radioactive, fuel-containing materials from Unit 4, and eventual decommissioning of the damaged reactor. More radioactive waste will be generated during NSC construction, possible Shelter dismantling, removal of fuel-containing materials, and decommissioning of Unit 4. The future development of the Exclusion Zone depends on the future strategy for converting Unit 4 into an ecologically safe system, i.e., the development of the NSC, the dismantlement of the current Shelter, removal of fuel-containing material, and eventual decommissioning of the accident site. To date, a broadly accepted strategy for radioactive waste management at the reactor site and in the Exclusion Zone, and especially for high level and long-lived waste, has not been developed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Ukrainian Res Hydrometeol Inst, Ctr Monitoring Studies & Environm Technol, Environm Radiat Monitoring Dept, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Napier, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Div, PO Box 999,MS K3 54, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Napier@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 441 EP 451 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 221HG UT WOS:000250217400009 PM 18049220 ER PT J AU Fledderman, PD Jannik, GT Pallert, MH AF Fledderman, Peter D. Jannik, G. Timothy Pallert, Michael H. TI An overview of (CS)-C-137 contamination in a southeastern swamp environment SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; monitoring; environmental; contamination; environmental; dose assessment AB In the early 1960's, an area of privately owned swamp adjacent to the Savannah River Site was contaminated by site operations. Studies conducted in 1974 estimated that approximately 925 GBq of Cs-137 and 37 GBq of Co-60 were deposited in the swamp. Subsequently, a series of surveys was initiated to characterize the contaminated environment. These surveys- composed of 52 monitoring locations-allow for continued monitoring at a consistent set of locations. Initial survey results indicated maximum Cs-137 concentrations of 19.5 Bq g(-1) in soil and 8.7 Bq g(-1) in vegetation. By the 2004-2005 surveys, maximum concentrations had declined to 1-2 Bq g(-1) in soil and 0.4 Bq g(-1) in vegetation. C1 Environm Serv Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Anal Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Fledderman, PD (reprint author), Environm Serv Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM pfleddertnan@srs.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 SU S BP S160 EP S164 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 225HD UT WOS:000250506800004 PM 18049244 ER PT J AU Miller, CW Whitcomb, RC Ansari, A McCurley, C Guinn, A Tucker, F AF Miller, Charles W. Whitcomb, Robert C., Jr. Ansari, Armin McCurley, Carol Guinn, Amy Tucker, Florie TI The roles of medical health physicists in a medical radiation emergency SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; emergencies; radiological; emergency planning; physics; medical ID RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICE; MANAGEMENT AB Medical health physicists working in a clinical setting will have a number of key roles in the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency, such as a terrorist attack involving a radiological dispersal device or an improvised nuclear device. Their first responsibility, of course, is to assist hospital administrators and facility managers in developing radiological emergency response plans for their facilities and train staff prior to an emergency. During a hospital's response to a nuclear or radiological emergency, medical health physicists may be asked to (1) evaluate the level of radiological contamination in or on incoming victims; (2) help the medical staff evaluate and understand the significance to patient and staff of the levels of radioactivity with which they are dealing; (3) orient responding medical staff with principles of dealing with radioactive contaminants; (4) provide guidance to staff on decontamination of patients, facilities, and the vehicles in which patients were transported; and (5) assist local public health authorities in monitoring people who are not injured but who have been or are concerned that they may have been exposed to radioactive materials or radiation as a result of the incident. Medical health physicists may also be called upon to communicate with staff, patients, and the media on radiological issues related to the event. Materials are available from a number of sources to assist in these efforts. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is developing guidance in the areas of radiological population monitoring, handling contaminated fatalities, and using hospital equipment for emergency monitoring. CDC is also developing training and information materials that may be useful to medical health physicists who are called upon to assist in developing facility response plans or respond to a nuclear or radiological incident. Comments on these materials are encouraged. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Preparedness Branch, Div Strateg Natl Stockpile, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Miller, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cym3@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 SU S BP S187 EP S190 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 225HD UT WOS:000250506800009 PM 18049249 ER PT J AU Moore, ME Kennedy, TJ Dimmerling, PJ AF Moore, Murray E. Kennedy, Trevor J. Dimmerling, Paul J. TI Aerosol collection of the (Bladewerx corporation) breathing zone monitor and portable Workplace monitor SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; aerosols; air; sampling; monitoring; personnel AB The Radiation Protection Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has a wind tunnel capable of measuring the aerosol collection efficiencies of air sampling devices. In the fall of 2005, the group received an internal Los Alamos request to perform aerosol collection efficiency tests on two air samplers manufactured by the Bladewerx Corporation (Rio Rancho, NM). This paper presents the results from tests performed in the wind tunnel facility at a test velocity of 0.5 in s(-1) The SabreAlert (Portable Workplace Monitor) and the SabreBZM (Breathing Zone Monitor) are both designed to detect and measure the presence of alpha emitting isotopes in atmospheres. The SabreAlert was operated at two test air flow rates of 6 and 45 liters per minute (LPM), and the SabreBZM was operated at two test air flow rates of 3 and 19 LPM. The aerosol collection efficiencies of both samplers were evaluated with oleic acid (monodisperse) liquid droplet aerosols tagged with sodium fluorescein tracer. These test aerosols varied in size from about 2.3 to 17.2 microns (aerodynamic equivalent diameter). The SabreAlert was roughly 100% efficient in aerosol collection at a flow rate of 6 LPM, and had an aerodynamic cutpoint diameter of 11.3 microns at the 45 LPM flow rate. The SabreBZM had an aerodynamic cutpoint diameter of 6.7 microns at the 3 LPM flow rate, but the SabreBZM aerosol collection efficiency never exceeded 13.6% at the 19 LPM test flow rate condition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiat Protect Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dimmerling, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiat Protect Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 SU S BP S165 EP S173 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 225HD UT WOS:000250506800005 PM 18049245 ER PT J AU Zhou, DM Zheng, YN Matsuta, K Mihara, M Fukuda, M Nishimura, D Komurasaki, J Ishikawa, D Matsumiya, R Nagatomo, T Izumikawa, T Takahashi, S Hirano, H Ohtsubo, T Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Minamisono, T Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM Yuan, DQ Zuo, Y Fan, P Suzuki, T Zhang, XZ Zhu, SY AF Zhou, Dongmei Zheng, Yongnan Matsuta, K. Mihara, M. Fukuda, M. Nishimura, D. Komurasaki, J. Ishikawa, D. Matsumiya, R. Nagatomo, T. Izumikawa, T. Takahashi, S. Hirano, H. Ohtsubo, T. Momota, S. Nojiri, Y. Kitagawa, A. Kanazawa, M. Torikoshi, M. Sato, S. Minamisono, T. Alonso, J. R. Krebs, G. F. Symons, T. J. M. Yuan, Daqing Zuo, Yi Fan, Ping Suzuki, T. Zhang, Xizhen Zhu, Shengyun TI Magnetic moment of proton halo nucleus (28)P SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE (28)P; Proton halo; Magnetic moment; beta-NMR; Proton density distribution AB The magnetic moment of (28)P (I(pi) = 3(+), T(1/2) = 270.3 ms) in the ground state has been measured by the beta-nuclear magnetic resonance method for the first time. The measured magnetic moment of vertical bar mu((28)P)vertical bar = 0.309( 9) mu(N) is well reproduced by the shell model value of +0.306 mu(N). The shell model calculation also yields a proton density distribution with a long tail. The present results provide a strong confirmation of the configuration of the 2s(1/2) proton which should lead to the proton halo. C1 [Zhou, Dongmei; Zheng, Yongnan; Yuan, Daqing; Zuo, Yi; Fan, Ping; Zhang, Xizhen; Zhu, Shengyun] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Matsuta, K.; Mihara, M.; Fukuda, M.; Nishimura, D.; Komurasaki, J.; Ishikawa, D.; Matsumiya, R.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Nagatomo, T.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Izumikawa, T.] Niigata Univ, RI Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. [Takahashi, S.; Hirano, H.; Ohtsubo, T.] Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Momota, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Sato, S.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Minamisono, T.] Fukui Univ Technol, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Alonso, J. R.; Krebs, G. F.; Symons, T. J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suzuki, T.] Nihon Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 156, Japan. RP Zhu, SY (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, POB 275-50, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. EM zhusy@ciae.ac.cn NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9625-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QE UT WOS:000260281000007 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Mihara, M Nagatomo, T Matsumiya, R Momota, S Ohtsubo, T Izumikawa, T Hirano, H Takahashi, S Nishimura, D Komurasaki, J Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Sumikama, T Tanaka, K Takechi, M Ishikawa, D Pahlovy, SA Nagao, M Nojiri, Y Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K. Mihara, M. Nagatomo, T. Matsumiya, R. Momota, S. Ohtsubo, T. Izumikawa, T. Hirano, H. Takahashi, S. Nishimura, D. Komurasaki, J. Kitagawa, A. Kanazawa, M. Torikoshi, M. Sato, S. Fukuda, M. Minamisono, T. Sumikama, T. Tanaka, K. Takechi, M. Ishikawa, D. Pahlovy, S. A. Nagao, M. Nojiri, Y. Alonso, J. R. Krebs, G. F. Symons, T. J. M. TI Hyperfine interaction of Al-25 in alpha-Al2O3 and its quadrupole moment SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Nuclear moment; beta-NMR; Al-25; Al2O3; Relaxation time ID NUCLEAR; RESONANCE AB The electric quadrupole (Q) moment of short-lived nucleus Al-25 (I-pi = 5/2(+), T-1/2 = 7.18 s) has been measured for the first time, by means of the beta-NQR technique. The spin polarization of Al-25 was produced in heavy ion collisions and was kept in a alpha-Al2O3 single crystal for as long as 2 s and the quadrupole coupling frequency was obtained as vertical bar eqQ/h(Al-25 in Al2O3)vertical bar = (4.05 +/- 0.30) MHz. From the result, the Q moment was determined as vertical bar Q(Al-25)vertical bar = (240 +/- 20) mb. The present C1 [Matsuta, K.; Mihara, M.; Matsumiya, R.; Nishimura, D.; Komurasaki, J.; Fukuda, M.; Ishikawa, D.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Nagatomo, T.; Tanaka, K.; Takechi, M.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Momota, S.; Pahlovy, S. A.; Nagao, M.; Nojiri, Y.] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Ohtsubo, T.; Hirano, H.; Takahashi, S.] Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Izumikawa, T.] Niigata Univ, Radioisotope Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. [Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Sato, S.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Minamisono, T.] Fukui Univ Technol, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Sumikama, T.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Chiba 2780022, Japan. [Alonso, J. R.; Krebs, G. F.; Symons, T. J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM matsuta@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The present work was performed at NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences)-HIMAC under the research project with heavy ions. The authors are grateful to the staffs of HIMAC. The work was partly supported by the grant in aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9686-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QE UT WOS:000260281000012 ER PT J AU Nishimura, D Komurasaki, J Matsuta, K Mihara, M Matsumiya, R Momota, S Ohtsubo, T Izumikawa, T Hirano, H Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Fukuda, M Ishikawa, D Minamisono, T Watanabe, R Kubo, T Nojiri, Y Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Nishimura, D. Komurasaki, J. Matsuta, K. Mihara, M. Matsumiya, R. Momota, S. Ohtsubo, T. Izumikawa, T. Hirano, H. Kitagawa, A. Kanazawa, M. Torikoshi, M. Sato, S. Fukuda, M. Ishikawa, D. Minamisono, T. Watanabe, R. Kubo, T. Nojiri, Y. Alonso, J. R. Krebs, G. F. Symons, T. J. M. TI Magnetic moment of short lived beta-emitter (24m)Al SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic moment; beta-NMR; (24m)Al ID NUCLEI; DECAY AB The magnetic moment of short lived beta-emitter (24m)Al (426 keV, I(pi) = 1(+), T(1/2) = 131 ms) has been measured by means of beta-NMR technique, for the first time. From the beta-NMR spectrum, the magnetic moment was determined as vertical bar mu((24m)Al)vertical bar = (2.99 +/- 0.09) mu(N). Combined with the known magnetic moment of the mirror partner (24m)Na, the expectation value of is obtained to be (0.08 +/- 0.12). These values are reproduced well by the shell model calculation. C1 [Nishimura, D.; Komurasaki, J.; Matsuta, K.; Mihara, M.; Matsumiya, R.; Fukuda, M.; Ishikawa, D.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Momota, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Ohtsubo, T.; Hirano, H.; Watanabe, R.; Kubo, T.] Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Izumikawa, T.] Niigata Univ, RI Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. [Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Sato, S.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Minamisono, T.] Fukui Univ Technol, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Alonso, J. R.; Krebs, G. F.; Symons, T. J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nishimura, D (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM daiki@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp FU Japan society for the promotion of science FX The present work was performed at NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences)-HIMAC under the research project with heavy ions. The authors are grateful to the staffs of HIMAC. The work was partly supported by the grant in aid for scientific research from the Japan society for the promotion of science. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9687-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QE UT WOS:000260281000013 ER PT J AU Ohtsubo, T Hirano, H Takahashi, S Matsuta, K Mihara, M Fukuda, M Nagatomo, T Izumikawa, T Momota, S Nishimura, D Komurasaki, J Ishikawa, D Zhou, DM Zheng, YN Zhu, SY Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Minamisono, T Nojiri, Y Matsumiya, R Sumikama, T Tanaka, K Yamada, K Ozawa, A Suzuki, T Yamaguchi, T Nakajima, S Yoshida, K Nakashima, Y Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Ota, M Shinojima, D Tanaka, H Yasuno, T Muranaka, K Maemura, T Chiba, A Pahlovy, SA Nagao, M Watanabe, R Kubo, T Tanihata, I Takechi, M Minamisono, K Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Ohtsubo, T. Hirano, H. Takahashi, S. Matsuta, K. Mihara, M. Fukuda, M. Nagatomo, T. Izumikawa, T. Momota, S. Nishimura, D. Komurasaki, J. Ishikawa, D. Zhou, D. M. Zheng, Y. N. Zhu, S. Y. Kitagawa, A. Kanazawa, M. Torikoshi, M. Sato, S. Minamisono, T. Nojiri, Y. Matsumiya, R. Sumikama, T. Tanaka, K. Yamada, K. Ozawa, A. Suzuki, T. Yamaguchi, T. Nakajima, S. Yoshida, K. Nakashima, Y. Fujiwara, H. Kumashiro, S. Ota, M. Shinojima, D. Tanaka, H. Yasuno, T. Muranaka, K. Maemura, T. Chiba, A. Pahlovy, S. A. Nagao, M. Watanabe, R. Kubo, T. Tanihata, I. Takechi, M. Minamisono, K. Alonso, J. R. Krebs, G. F. Symons, T. J. M. TI Polarization of Ne-23, Al-24m,Al-25 and P-28 produced through single nucleon pickup and charge-exchange reactions at 100 AMeV SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Polarization phenomena; Unstable nuclei; Nuclear moments AB We measured the polarization of the beta-emitting Ne-23 (I-pi = 5/2(+), T-1/2 = 37.24 s) and Al-25(I-pi = 5/2(+), T-1/2 = 7.18 s) produced through the one nucleon pickup reactions and Al-24m(I-pi = 1(+), T-1/2 = 131 ms, E-ex = 426 keV) and P-28(I-pi = 3(+), T-1/2 = 270 ms) produced through charge-exchange reactions in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. We compared them with those from the projectile fragmentation process. The larger polarization seems to persistently be positive throughout the momentum distribution, and sharper momentum distributions suggest that nuclear friction mechanism is responsible for the polarization phenomena. C1 [Ohtsubo, T.; Hirano, H.; Takahashi, S.; Ota, M.; Shinojima, D.; Tanaka, H.] Niigata Univ, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Matsuta, K.; Mihara, M.; Fukuda, M.; Nishimura, D.; Komurasaki, J.; Ishikawa, D.; Matsumiya, R.; Nakashima, Y.; Fujiwara, H.; Kumashiro, S.] Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Nagatomo, T.; Tanaka, K.; Yamada, K.; Yoshida, K.; Watanabe, R.; Kubo, T.; Takechi, M.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Izumikawa, T.; Pahlovy, S. A.; Nagao, M.] Niigata Univ, RI Ctr, Niigata 9518510, Japan. [Momota, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Kochi Univ Tech, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Zhou, D. M.; Zheng, Y. N.; Zhu, S. Y.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Kitagawa, A.; Kanazawa, M.; Torikoshi, M.; Sato, S.] Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. [Minamisono, T.] Univ Fukui Tech, Fukui 9108505, Japan. [Sumikama, T.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Chiba 2780022, Japan. [Ozawa, A.; Yasuno, T.; Chiba, A.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058571, Japan. [Suzuki, T.; Yamaguchi, T.; Nakajima, S.; Muranaka, K.; Maemura, T.] Saitama Univ, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Tanihata, I.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Minamisono, K.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Alonso, J. R.; Krebs, G. F.; Symons, T. J. M.] LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohtsubo, T (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Niigata 9502181, Japan. EM tohtsubo@np.gs.niigata-u.ac.jp FU Japan society for the promotion of science FX These experiments were performed at NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences)-HIMAC under the research project with heavy ions and at RIKEN. The authors are grateful to the staffs of HIMAC and RIKEN. The work was partly supported by the grant in aid for scientific research from the Japan society for the promotion of science. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1-3 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10751-008-9690-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 363QE UT WOS:000260281000016 ER PT J AU de Pater, I Laver, C Marchis, F Roe, HG Macintosh, BA AF de Pater, Imke Laver, Conor Marchis, Franck Roe, Henry G. Macintosh, Bruce A. TI Spatially resolved observations of the forbidden SO a(1) Delta -> X-3 Sigma(-) rovibronic transition on Io during an eclipse and a volcanic eruption at Ra Patera SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; eclipses; infrared observations; volcanism ID SULFUR MONOXIDE; MU-M; IMAGES; RESTORATION; ATMOSPHERE; TELESCOPE; SIGNATURE; CASSINI; PELE AB We report observations of to that were conducted on UT 12 November 2002 with the NIRSPEC spectrometer, coupled to the adaptive optics system, on the 10-m Keck II telescope. We detected a bright eruption in the Ra Patera area, with a color (H-K' band) temperature of 1031 I 10 K over an effective area of 1.5 +/- 0.2 km(2). The eruption was associated with a hot plume, which revealed itself through SO emission at a rate of (9 +/- 3) x 10(25) photons s(-1). about 10-15% of Io's total SO flux at the time. The rotational temperature was 700 150 K. No significant SO emission was received from to's northern hemisphere (north of Ra Patera/Loki); roughly 50% of the total SO emission came from the equatorial region (including Ra Patera, Janus and Loki), and similar to 40% came from the south. The rotational temperatures typically measured between 600 and 1000 K. The emissions are most likely produced by SO molecules ejected out of volcanic vents in the excited a 1 A state. Our narrow band images that span the SO emission band suggest that a source near to's south pole, Nemea, may be a source of some of the southern SO emissions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Pater, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM imke@berkeley.edu RI Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.011 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228XR UT WOS:000250766400012 ER PT J AU Hibbitts, CA Szanyi, J AF Hibbitts, C. A. Szanyi, J. TI Physisorption of CO2 on non-ice materials relevant to icy satellites SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; satellites; composition; Jupiter; satellites; Saturn; satellites ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; GALILEAN SATELLITES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MU-M; CALLISTO; ZEOLITES; RELEASE; SPECTROSCOPY AB CO2 is known to adsorb onto clay and other minerals when a significant atmospheric pressure is present. We have found that CO2 can also adsorb onto some clays when the CO2 partial pressure is effectively zero under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) if cooled to the surface temperatures of the icy satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. The strength of adsorption and the spectral characteristics of the adsorbed CO2 infrared (IR) nu(3) absorption band near 4.25 mu m depend on the composition and temperature of the adsorbent. CO2 remains adsorbed onto the clay mineral montmorillonite for > 10 s of min when exposed to a vacuum of similar to 1 x 10(-8) Torr at similar to 125 K. CO2 does not adsorb onto serpentine, goethite, or palagonite under these conditions. A small amount may adsorb onto kaolinite. When heated above 150 K under vacuum, the CO2 desorbs from the montmorillonite within a few minutes. The nu(3) absorption band of CO2 adsorbed onto montmorillonite at 125 K is similar to that of the CO2 detected on the saturnian and Galilean satellites and is markedly different from CO2 adsorbed onto montmorillonite at room temperature. We infer the adsorption process is physisorption and postulate that this mechanism may explain the presence and spectral characteristics of the CO2 detected in the surfaces of these outer satellites. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hibbitts, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM karl.hibbitts@jhuapl.edu RI Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016 OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391 NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 191 IS 1 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.012 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228XR UT WOS:000250766400028 ER PT J AU Thresher, R Robinson, M Veers, P AF Thresher, Robert Robinson, Michael Veers, Paul TI To capture the wind SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Thresher, R (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. NR 6 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 6 BP 34 EP 46 DI 10.1109/MPE.2007.906304 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 228IZ UT WOS:000250724900006 ER PT J AU Zavadil, R Miller, N Ellis, A Muljadi, E Camm, E Kirby, B AF Zavadil, Robert Miller, Nicholas Ellis, Abraham Muljadi, Eduard Camm, Ernst Kirby, Brendan TI Queuing up SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 EnerNex Corp, Knoxville, TN USA. GE Energy Consulting, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zavadil, R (reprint author), EnerNex Corp, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 6 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1109/MPE.2007.906305 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 228IZ UT WOS:000250724900007 ER PT J AU Demeo, EA Jordan, GA Kalich, C King, J Milligan, MR Murley, C Oakleaf, B Schuerger, MJ AF DeMeo, Edgar A. Jordan, Gary A. Kalich, Clint King, Jack Milligan, Michael R. Murley, Cliff Oakleaf, Brett Schuerger, Matthew J. TI Accomodating winds natural behavior SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Avista Util, Spokane, WA 99252 USA. EnerNex Corp, Knoxville, TN USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sacramento Municipal Util Dist Adv Renewable & Di, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 6 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1109/MPE.2007906562 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 228IZ UT WOS:000250724900008 ER PT J AU Wilson, DM Hansen, LE AF Wilson, Denise Michelle Hansen, Lisa Eileen TI Current-mode system-on-chip interface for SPR-based sensing systems SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE analog integrated circuits; analog very large scale integration (VLSI); chemical sensors; optical computation; optical sensors; surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ID PLASMON RESONANCE SENSORS; CALIBRATION AB This paper presents a fully integrated hardware solution to processing signals obtained from biochemical sensors that employ surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based transduction mechanisms. Results are discussed in the context of previous software-based, partial hardware-based, and alternative fully hardware-based solutions for portable SPR systems. As in previous alternative design approaches, this system-on-chip solution is tested in the context of a highly portable sensing configuration consisting of a fiber-based optical path and LED-based light source using a nonfunctionalized SPR probe. The results are applicable to both functionalized (analyte-specific) and nonfunctionalized (bulk refractive index) sensing systems. The output of the chip is an optimized single voltage that represents the refractive index of the sensing environment. The single-chip solution is a novel combination of a photodiode, a photodiode biasing scheme, current-mode dark current/fixed pattern noise compensation, programmable current-mode background (reference) compensation, and an integration stage for weighting signals from multiple wavelengths to compute a single voltage output. Experimental results, including the effects of electronic noise, batch mismatch, and quantization error demonstrate a 6.8 X 10(-4) resolution in refractive index units. This result is markedly improved over previous fully integrated solutions (3 x 10(-3) resolution), and is comparable to traditional-software solutions (5 x 10(-4) resolution) to SPR-based sensing problems. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11-12 BP 1513 EP 1523 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2007.907052 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 236HV UT WOS:000251294700007 ER PT J AU Feldner, LM Rodenbeck, CT Christodoulou, CG Kinzie, N AF Feldner, Lucas M. Rodenbeck, Christopher T. Christodoulou, Christos G. Kinzie, Nicola TI Electrically small frequency-agile PIFA-as-aPackage for portable wireless devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electrically small antennas; inverted F-antennas; reconfigurable antennas ID INVERTED-F ANTENNA AB A reconfigurable electrically small capacitively loaded PIFA-as-a-Package (PIFA-AAP) is developed to demonstrate the potential utility of reconfigurable antenna technologies to miniature and/or portable UHF wireless devices. The scalable PIFA-AAP concept involves simply integrating the antenna and the device package to maximize the effective area of the antenna given the physical constraints of the application. An elegant approach to frequency-agility is developed using commercial-off-the-shelf solid state switches, overcoming the key weakness of extreme environmental sensitivity inherent to any electrically small antenna. The measured performance of a 25 x 50 x 9-mm PIFA-AAP includes near-contiguous tuning coverage between 407.8 and 463.1 MHz with a total realized gain of better than -10 dBi across the tuning range. The measured bandwidth of our proof-of-concept frequency-agile PHTA-AAP is benchmarked against the Wheeler-Chu-Mclean fundamental limit. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Syst Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Feldner, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Syst Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RI Rodenbeck, Christopher/A-8937-2009 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 11 BP 3310 EP 3319 DI 10.1109/TAP.2007.908815 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 231EQ UT WOS:000250929700023 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, D Shukla, SK Graham, PS Gokhale, MB AF Bhaduri, Debayan Shukla, Sandeep K. Graham, Paul S. Gokhale, Maya B. TI Reliability analysis of large circuits using scalable techniques and tools SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE circuit; CMOS; computer-aided design (CAD); defects; methodologies; nanoscale; nanotechnology; probabilistic; model checking (PMC); probability; reliability; scalability; scalable extensible tool for reliability analysis (SETRA); techniques; tool AB The rapid development of CMOS and non-CMOS nanotechnologies has opened up new possibilities and introduced new challenges for circuit design. One of the main challenges is in designing reliable circuits from defective nanoscale devices. Hence, there is a need to develop methodologies to accurately evaluate circuit reliability. In recent years, a number of reliability evaluation methodologies based on probabilistic model checking, probabilistic transfer matrices, probabilistic gate models, etc., have been proposed. Scalability has been a concern in the applicability of these methodologies to the reliability analysis of large circuits. In this paper, we develop a general, scalable technique for these reliability evaluation methodologies. Specifically, an algorithm is developed for the model checking-based methodology and implemented in a tool called Scalable, Extensible Tool for Reliability Analysis (SETRA). SETRA integrates the scalable model checking-based algorithm into the conventional computer-aided design circuit design flow. The paper also discusses ways to modify the scalable algorithm for the other reliability estimation methodologies and plug them into SETRA's extensible framework. Our preliminary experiments show how SETRA can be used effectively to evaluate and compare the robustness of different circuit designs. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bhaduri, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dbhaduri@vt.edu; shukla@vt.edu; grahamp@lanl.gov; maya@llnl.gov RI Shukla, Sandeep/B-3358-2009 OI Shukla, Sandeep/0000-0001-5525-7426 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 EI 1558-0806 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2447 EP 2460 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2007.907863 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 232BK UT WOS:000250992900013 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Clough, SA Lijegren, JC Clothiaux, EE Cady-Pereira, KE Gaustad, KL AF Turner, David D. Clough, Shepard A. Lijegren, James C. Clothiaux, Eugene E. Cady-Pereira, Karen E. Gaustad, Krista L. TI Retrieving liquid water path and precipitable water vapor from the atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) microwave radiometers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE meteorology; microwave radiometry; remote sensing ID INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; CLOUD LIQUID; RAMAN LIDAR; ABSORPTION MODELS; SURFACE; RADIOSONDES; CLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCIES; ACCURACY AB Ground-based two-channel microwave radiometers (MWRs) have been used for over 15 years by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program to provide observations of downwelling emitted radiance from which precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP)-two geophysical parameters critical for many areas of atmospheric research-are retrieved. An algorithm that incorporates output from two advanced retrieval techniques, namely, a physical-iterative approach and a computationally. efficient statistical method, has been developed to retrieve these parameters. The forward model used in both methods is the monochromatic radiative transfer model MonoRTM. An important component of this MWR RETrieval (MWRRET) algorithm is the determination of small (< 1 K) offsets that are subtracted from the observed brightness temperatures before the retrievals are performed. Accounting for these offsets removes systematic biases from the observations and/or the model spectroscopy necessary for the retrieval, significantly reducing the systematic biases in the retrieved LWR The MWRRET algorithm significantly provides more accurate retrievals than the original ARM statistical retrieval, which uses monthly retrieval coefficients. By combining the two retrieval methods with the apptication of brightness temperature offsets to reduce the spurious LWP bias in clear skies, the MWRRET algorithm significantly provides better retrievals of PWV and LWP from the ARM two-channel MWRs compared to the original ARM product. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dtumer@ssec.wisc.edu NR 47 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2007 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3680 EP 3690 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.903703 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 229OC UT WOS:000250812800008 ER PT J AU Sonnek, J Chandra, A Weissman, JB AF Sonnek, Jason Chandra, Abhishek Weissman, Jon B. TI Adaptive reputation-based scheduling on unreliable distributed infrastructures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE distributed scheduling; reputation; reliability; adaptive; grids AB This paper addresses the inherent unreliability and instability of worker nodes in large- scale donation- based distributed infrastructures such as peer- to- peer and grid systems. We present adaptive scheduling techniques that can mitigate this uncertainty and significantly outperform current approaches. In this work, we consider nodes that execute tasks via donated computational resources and may behave erratically or maliciously. We present a model in which reliability is not a binary property, but a statistical one based on a node's prior performance and behavior. We use this model to construct several reputation- based scheduling algorithms that employ estimated reliability ratings of worker nodes for efficient task allocation. Our scheduling algorithms are designed to adapt to changing system conditions, as well as nonstationary node reliability. Through simulation, we demonstrate that our algorithms can significantly improve throughput while maintaining a very high success rate of task completion. Our results suggest that reputation- based scheduling can handle a wide variety of worker populations, including nonstationary behavior, with overhead that scales well with system size. We also show that our adaptation mechanism allows the application designer fine- grain control over the desired performance metrics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sandia Natl Labs, Lino Lakes, MN 55014 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Sonnek, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sandia Natl Labs, 7690 Appaloosa Lane, Lino Lakes, MN 55014 USA. EM jsonnek@gmail.com; chandra@cs.umn.edu; jon@cs.umn.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1551 EP 1564 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2007.1094 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 213YI UT WOS:000249702800006 ER PT J AU Niski, K Cohen, JD AF Niski, Krzysztof Cohen, Jonathan D. TI Tile-based level of detail for the parallel age SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE level of detail; out-of-core; distributed; parallel; geometry image AB Today's PCs incorporate multiple CPUs and GPUs and are easily arranged in clusters for high-performance, interactive graphics. We present an approach based on hierarchical, screen-space tiles to parallelizing rendering with level of detail. Adapt tiles, render tiles, and machine tiles are associated with CPUs, GPUs, and PCs, respectively, to efficiently parallelize the workload with good resource utilization. Adaptive the sizes provide load balancing while our level of detail system allows total and independent management of the load on CPUs and GPUs. We demonstrate our approach on parallel configurations consisting of both single PCs and a cluster of PCs. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NVIDIA Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Niski, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM niski@cs.jhu.edu; jcohen@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1352 EP 1359 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100039 PM 17968084 ER PT J AU Biddiscombe, J Geveci, B Martin, K Moreland, K Thompson, D AF Biddiscombe, John Geveci, Berk Martin, Ken Moreland, Kenneth Thompson, David TI Time dependent processing in a parallel pipeline architecture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE data-parallel visualization pipeline; time-varying data ID VISUALIZATION AB Pipeline architectures provide a versatile and efficient mechanism for constructing visualizations, and they have been implemented in numerous libraries and applications over the past two decades. In addition to allowing developers and users to freely combine algorithms, visualization pipelines have proven to work well when streaming data and scale well on parallel distributed-memory computers. However, current pipeline visualization frameworks have a critical flaw: they are unable to manage time varying data. As data flows through the pipeline, each algorithm has access to only a single snapshot in time of the data. This prevents the implementation of algorithms that do any temporal processing such as particle tracing; plotting over time; or interpolation, fitting, or smoothing of time series data. As data acquisition technology improves, as simulation time-integration techniques become more complex, and as simulations save less frequently and regularly, the ability to analyze the time-behavior of data becomes more important. This paper describes a modification to the traditional pipeline architecture that allows it to accommodate temporal algorithms. Furthermore, the architecture allows temporal algorithms to be used in conjunction with algorithms expecting a single time snapshot, thus simplifying software design and allowing adoption into existing pipeline frameworks. Our architecture also continues to work well in parallel distributed-memory environments. We demonstrate our architecture by modifying the popular VTK framework and exposing the functionality to the ParaView application. We use this framework to apply time-dependent algorithms on large data with a parallel cluster computer and thereby exercise a functionality that previously did not exist. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM biddisco@cscs.ch; berk@kitware.com; ken.martin@kitware.com; kmorel@sandia.gov; dcthompl@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1376 EP 1383 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70600 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100042 PM 17968087 ER PT J AU Gosink, LJ Anderson, JC Bethel, EW Joy, KI AF Gosink, Luke J. Anderson, John C. Bethel, E. Wes Joy, Kenneth I. TI Variable interactions in query-driven visualization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE multivariate data; query-driven visualization ID SIMULATION AB Our ability to generate ever-larger, increasingly-complex data, has established the need for scalable methods that identify, and provide insight into, important variable trends and interactions. Query-driven methods are among the small subset of techniques that are able to address both large and highly complex datasets. This paper presents a new method that increases the utility of query-driven techniques by visually conveying statistical information about the trends that exist between variables in a query. In this method, correlation fields, created between pairs of variables, are used with the cumulative distribution functions of variables expressed in a user's query. This integrated use of cumulative distribution functions and correlation fields visually reveals, with respect to the solution space of the query, statistically important interactions between any three variables, and allows for trends between these variables to be readily identified. We demonstrate our method by analyzing interactions between variables in two flame-front simulations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analys & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Sci Div, Sci & Visualizat Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gosink, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analys & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ljgosink@ucdavis.edu; janderson@ucdavis.edu; ewbethel@lbl.gov; kijoy@ucdavis.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1407 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70519 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100045 PM 17968090 ER PT J AU Weber, GH Bremer, PT Pascucci, V AF Weber, Gunther H. Bremer, Peer-Timo Pascucci, Valerio TI Topological landscapes: A terrain metaphor for scientific data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE feature detection (primary keyword); user interfaces; visual analytics; contour tree; terrain; topology; SOAR ID VOLUME DATA; FIELD TOPOLOGY; SIMPLIFICATION; ALGORITHM; GRAPHS AB Scientific visualization and illustration tools are designed to help people understand the structure and complexity of scientific data with images that are as informative and intuitive as possible. In this context the use of metaphors plays an important role since they make complex information easily accessible by using commonly known concepts. In this paper we propose a new metaphor, called '' Topological Landscapes,'' which facilitates understanding the topological structure of scalar functions. The basic idea is to construct a terrain with the same topology as a given dataset and to display the terrain as an easily understood representation of the actual input data. In this projection from an n-dimensional scalar function to a two-dimensional (2D) model we preserve function values of critical points, the persistence (function span) of topological features, and one possible additional metric property (in our examples volume). By displaying this topologically equivalent landscape together with the original data we harness the natural human proficiency in understanding terrain topography and make complex topological information easily accessible. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Weber, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cycloton Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ghweber@lbl.gov; ptbremer@llnl.gov; pascucci@llnl.gov OI Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70601 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100047 PM 17968092 ER PT J AU Gyulassy, AG Duchaineau, MA Natarajan, V Pascucci, V Bringa, EM Higginbotham, A Hamann, B AF Gyulassy, Attila G. Duchaineau, Mark A. Natarajan, Vijay Pascucci, Valerio Bringa, Eduardo M. Higginbotham, Andrew Hamann, Bernd TI Topologically clean distance fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE Morse theory; Morse-Smale complex; distance field; topological simplification; wavefront; critical point; porous solid; material science ID SURFACES; SIMULATION AB Analysis of the results obtained from material simulations is important in the physical sciences. Our research was motivated by the need to investigate the properties of a simulated porous solid as it is hit by a projectile. This paper describes two techniques for the generation of distance fields containing a minimal number of topological features, and we use them to identify features of the material. We focus on distance fields defined on a volumetric domain considering the distance to a given surface embedded within the domain. Topological features of the field are characterized by its critical points. Our first method begins with a distance field that is computed using a standard approach, and simplifies this field using ideas from Morse theory. We present a procedure for identifying and extracting a feature set through analysis of the MS complex, and apply it to find the invariants in the clean distance field. Our second method proceeds by advancing a front, beginning at the surface, and locally controlling the creation of new critical points. We demonstrate the value of topologically clean distance fields for the analysis of filament structures in porous solids. Our methods produce a curved skeleton representation of the filaments that helps material scientists to perform a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of pores, and hence infer important material properties. Furthermore, we provide a set of criteria for finding the "difference" between two skeletal structures, and use this to examine how the structure of the porous solid changes over several timesteps in the simulation of the particle impact. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Supercomp Educ & Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technl Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Gyulassy, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aggyulassy@ucdavis.edu; duchaitle@llnl.gov; vijayn@csa.iisc.ernet.in; pascuccil@llnl.gov; bringal@llnl.gov; a.higginbotham1@physics.ox.ac.uk; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu RI Higginbotham, Andrew/F-7910-2011; Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70603 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100049 PM 17968094 ER PT J AU Gyulassy, A Natarajan, V Pascucci, V Hamann, B AF Gyulassy, Attila Natarajan, Vijay Pascucci, Valerio Hamann, Bernd TI Efficient computation of Morse-Smale complexes for three-dimensional scalar functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE Morse theory; Morse-Smale complexes; computational topology; multiresolution; simplification; feature detection; 3D scalar fields ID SIMPLIFICATION; TOPOLOGY AB The Morse-Smale complex is an efficient representation of the gradient behavior of a scalar function, and critical points paired by the complex identify topological features and their importance. We present an algorithm that constructs the Morse-Smale complex in a series of sweeps through the data, identifying various components of the complex in a consistent manner. All components of the complex, both geometric and topological, are computed, providing a complete decomposition of the domain. Efficiency is maintained by representing the geometry of the complex in terms of point sets. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analys & Visualizat, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Supercomp Educ & Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gyulassy, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Analys & Visualizat, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aggyulassy@ucdavis.edu; vijayn@csa.iisc.ernet.in; pascucci1@llnl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70552 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100050 PM 17968095 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Cohen, JD Krolik, JH AF Chen, Yuan Cohen, Jonathan D. Krolik, Julian H. TI Similarity-guided streamline placement with error evaluation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE adaptive streamlines; vector field reconstruction; shape matching AB Most streamline generation algorithms either provide a particular density of streamlines across the domain or explicitly detect features, such as critical points, and follow customized rules to emphasize those features. However, the former generally includes many redundant streamlines, and the latter requires Boolean decisions on which points are features (and may thus suffer from robustness problems for real-world data). We take a new approach to adaptive streamline placement for steady vector fields in 2D and 3D. We define a metric for local similarity among streamlines and use this metric to grow streamlines from a dense set of candidate seed points. The metric considers not only Euclidean distance, but also a simple statistical measure of shape and directional similarity. Without explicit feature detection, our method produces streamlines that naturally accentuate regions of geometric interest. In conjunction with this method, we also propose a quantitative error metric for evaluating a streamline representation based on how well it preserves the information from the original vector field. This error metric reconstructs a vector field from points on the streamline representation and computes a difference of the reconstruction from the original vector field. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cheny@cs.jhu.edu; jcohen@llnl.gov; jhk@pha.jhu.edu NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1455 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70595 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100051 PM 17968096 ER PT J AU Dillard, SE Bingert, JF Thoma, D Hamann, B AF Dillard, Scott E. Bingert, John F. Thoma, Dan Hamann, Bernd TI Construction of simplified boundary surfaces from serial-sectioned metal micrographs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE surface extraction; polygonal meshes; visualization in physical sciences; life sciences and engineering ID RECONSTRUCTION; ERROR AB We present a method for extracting boundary surfaces from segmented cross-section image data. We use a constrained Potts model to interpolate an arbitrary number of region boundaries between segmented images. This produces a segmented volume from which we extract a triangulated boundary surface using well-known marching tetrahedra methods. This surface contains staircase-like artifacts and an abundance of unnecessary triangles. We describe an approach that addresses these problems with a voxel-accurate simplification algorithm that reduces surface complexity by an order of magnitude. Our boundary interpolation and simplification methods are novel contributions to the study of surface extraction from segmented cross-sections. We have applied our method to construct polycrystal grain boundary surfaces from micrographs of a sample of the metal tantalum. C1 Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Design Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dillard, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, IDAV, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sedillard@ucdavis.edu; bingert@lanl.gov; thoma@lanl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1535 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70543 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100061 PM 17968106 ER PT J AU Yoon, SE Lindstrom, P AF Yoon, Sung-Eui Lindstrom, Peter TI Random-accessible compressed triangle meshes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference (Vis 2007)/IEEE Information Visualization Conference (InfoVis 2007) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA DE mesh compression; random access; cache-coherent layouts; mesh data structures; external memory algorithms ID FLOATING-POINT DATA; LAYOUTS; SCHEME AB With the exponential growth in size of geometric data, it is becoming increasingly important to make effective use of multilevel caches, limited disk storage, and bandwidth. As a result, recent work in the visualization community has focused either on designing sequential access compression schemes or on producing cache-coherent layouts of (uncompressed) meshes for random access. Unfortunately combining these two strategies is challenging as they fundamentally assume conflicting modes of data access. In this paper, we propose a novel order-preserving compression method that supports transparent random access to compressed triangle meshes. Our decompression method selectively fetches from disk, decodes, and caches in memory requested parts of a mesh. We also provide a general mesh access API for seamless mesh traversal and incidence queries. While the method imposes no particular mesh layout, it is especially suitable for cache-oblivious layouts, which minimize the number of decompression 1/O requests and provide high cache utilization during access to decompressed, in-memory portions of the mesh. Moreover, the transparency of our scheme enables improved performance without the need for application code changes. We achieve compression rates on the order of 20:1 and significantly improved 1/O performance due to reduced data transfer. To demonstrate the benefits of our method, we implement two common applications as benchmarks. By using cache-oblivious layouts for the input models, we observe 2-6 times overall speedup compared to using uncompressed meshes. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Yoon, SE (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. EM sungeui@cs.kaist.ac.kr; pl@llnl.gov RI Yoon, Sung-eui/C-1678-2011; OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1536 EP 1543 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70585 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 223VR UT WOS:000250401100062 PM 17968107 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Tolbert, LM Chiasson, JN Campbell, JB Peng, FZ AF Xu, Y. Tolbert, L. M. Chiasson, J. N. Campbell, J. B. Peng, F. Z. TI A generalised instantaneous non-active power theory for STATCOM SO IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE-POWER; COMPENSATION; SYSTEMS AB A generalised instantaneous non-active power theory is presented. Comprehensive definitions of instantaneous active and non-active currents, as well as instantaneous, average and apparent powers, are proposed. These definitions have flexible forms that are applicable to different power systems, such as single-phase or multi-phase, periodic or non-periodic and balanced or unbalanced systems. By changing the averaging interval and the reference voltage, various non-active power theories can be derived from this theory. The definitions of instantaneous active and non-active currents provide an algorithm for a STATCOM to calculate the non-active current in the load current. The theory is implemented by the STATCOM, and four cases (three-phase balanced RL load, three-phase unbalanced RL load, diode rectifier load and single-phase load) are tested. The experimental results show that the STATCOM can perform instantaneous non-active power compensation, and both the fundamental non-active component and the harmonics are eliminated from the utility so that nearly unity power factor can be achieved. The STATCOM also has a fast dynamic response for transients. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Motors Adv Technol Vehicles, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tolbert, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tolbertlm@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8660 J9 IET ELECTR POWER APP JI IET Electr. Power Appl. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 1 IS 6 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.1049/iet-epa:20060290 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 233DD UT WOS:000251069700001 ER PT J AU Chowdhuri, P Tajali, GR Yuan, X AF Chowdhuri, P. Tajali, G. R. Yuan, X. TI Analysis of striking distances of lightning strokes to vertical towers SO IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LA English DT Article ID LARGE AIR GAPS; LEADER INCEPTION; LINES; MODEL; SIMULATION; STRENGTH; EXPOSURE; FIELD AB The two criteria (E- and V-criterion) concept is proposed for estimating the striking distance of a stepped leader to a vertical tower. The tower was-modelled as a stack of ring charges by charge simulation method. It was found that the radial striking distance to a vertical tower varied with the lateral distance of the descending stepped-leader tip from the struck object. The lateral striking distance is defined as the farthest lateral distance of the stepped-leader tip from the vertical tower that produces a strike. The stepped-leader parameters, such as the height, charge distribution and polarity, affect the striking distance to the tower. Because of the stochastic nature of these parameters, the statistical variations of these parameters must be known. The tower height and radius also affect the striking distance to the tower. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Square D Co, Nashville, TN 37217 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chowdhuri, P (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM pchowdhuri@tntech.cdu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8687 J9 IET GENER TRANSM DIS JI IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 1 IS 6 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1049/iet-gtd:20070039 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 222IY UT WOS:000250290900004 ER PT J AU Maier, TA Casey, MS Becker, RH Dorsey, CW Glass, EA Maltsev, N Zahrt, TC Frank, DW AF Maier, Tamara A. Casey, Monika S. Becker, Rachel H. Dorsey, Caleb W. Glass, Elizabeth A. Maltsev, Natalia Zahrt, Thomas C. Frank, Dara W. TI Identification of Francisella tularensis Himar1-based transposon mutants defective for replication in macrophages SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LIVE-VACCINE STRAIN; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS-LVS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-ANTIGEN; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; SUBSP TULARENSIS; INTRACELLULAR BACTERIUM; ALLELIC REPLACEMENT; PROTECTIVE ANTIGENS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS AB Francisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of tularemia in humans, is a potential biological threat due to its low infectious dose and multiple routes of entry. F. tularensis replicates within several cell types, eventually causing cell death by inducing apoptosis. In this study, a modified Himar1 transposon (HimarF7) was used to mutagenize F. tularensis LVS. Approximately 7,000 Km(r) clones were screened using J774A.1 macrophages for reduction in cytopathogenicity based on retention of the cell monolayer. A total of 441 candidates with significant host cell retention compared to the parent were identified following screening in a high-throughput format. Retesting at a defined multiplicity of infection followed by in vitro growth analyses resulted in identification of approximately 70 candidates representing 26 unique loci involved in macrophage replication and/or cytotoxicity. Mutants carrying insertions in seven hypothetical genes were screened in a mouse model of infection, and all strains tested appeared to be attenuated, which validated the initial in vitro results obtained with cultured macrophages. Complementation and reverse transcription-PCR experiments suggested that the expression of genes adjacent to the HimarFT insertion may be affected depending on the orientation of the constitutive groEL promoter region used to ensure transcription of the selective marker in the transposon. A hypothetical gene, FTL_0706, postulated to be important for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, was confirmed to be a gene involved in O-antigen expression in F. tularensis LVS and Schu S4. These and other studies demonstrate that therapeutic targets, vaccine candidates, or virulence-related genes may be discovered utilizing classical genetic approaches in Francisella. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Computat Biol Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Frank, DW (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM frankd@mcw.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI063441, AI063441] NR 76 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5376 EP 5389 DI 10.1128/IAI.00238-07 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 224MU UT WOS:000250451900035 PM 17682043 ER PT J AU DunlaVy, DM O'Leary, DP Conroy, JM Schlesinger, JD AF Dunlavy, Daniel M. O'Leary, Dianne P. Conroy, John M. Schlesinger, Judith D. TI QCS: A system for querying, clustering and summarizing documents SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Information retrieval systems consist of many complicated components. Research and development of such systems is often hampered by the difficulty in evaluating how each particular component would behave across multiple systems. We present a novel integrated information retrieval system-the Query, Cluster, Summarize (QCS) system-which is portable, modular, and permits experimentation with different instantiations of each of the constituent text analysis components. Most importantly, the combination of the three types of methods in the QCS design improves retrievals by providing users more focused information organized by topic. We demonstrate the improved performance by a series of experiments using standard test sets from the Document Understanding Conferences (DUC) as measured by the best known automatic metric for summarization system evaluation, ROUGE. Although the DUC data and evaluations were originally designed to test multidocument summarization, we developed a framework to extend it to the task of evaluation for each of the three components: query, clustering, and summarization. Under this framework, we then demonstrate that the QCS system (end-to-end) achieves performance as good as or better than the best summarization engines. Given a query, QCS retrieves relevant documents, separates the retrieved documents into topic clusters, and creates a single summary for each cluster. In the current implementation, Latent Semantic Indexing is used for retrieval, generalized spherical k-means is used for the document clustering, and a method coupling sentence "trimming" and a hidden Markov model, followed by a pivoted QR decomposition, is used to create a single extract summary for each cluster. The user interface is designed to provide access to detailed information in a compact and useful format. Our system demonstrates the feasibility of assembling an effective IR system from existing software libraries, the usefulness of the modularity of the design, and the value of this particular combination of modules. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Inst Def Anal, Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD USA. RP DunlaVy, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dmdunla@sandia.gov; oleary@cs.umd.edu; conroy@super.org; judith@super.org NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1588 EP 1605 DI 10.1016/j.ipm.2007.01.003 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 214MO UT WOS:000249742500012 ER PT J AU Wu, WJ Crawford, M AF Wu, Wenji Crawford, Matt TI Potential performance bottleneck in Linux TCP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Linux; TCP; networking; process scheduling; performance analysis; protocol stack ID CONGESTION AVOIDANCE; ALGORITHM AB Transmission control protocol (TCP) is the most widely used transport protocol on the Internet today. Over the years, especially recently, due to requirements of high bandwidth transmission, various approaches have been proposed to improve TCP performance. The Linux 2.6 kernel is now preemptible. It can be interrupted mid-task, making the system more responsive and interactive. However, we have noticed that Linux kernel preemption can interact badly with the performance of the networking subsystem. In this paper, we investigate the performance bottleneck in Linux TCP. We systematically describe the trip of a TCP packet from its ingress into a Linux network end system to its final delivery to the application; we study the performance bottleneck in Linux TCP through mathematical modelling and practical experiments; finally, we propose and test one possible solution to resolve this performance bottleneck in Linux TCP. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, WJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS-368,PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM wenji@fnal.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1074-5351 EI 1099-1131 J9 INT J COMMUN SYST JI Int. J. Commun. Syst. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1263 EP 1283 DI 10.1002/dac.872 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 238SB UT WOS:000251466800003 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Weil, KS Brady, MP AF Yang, Zhenguo Gary Weil, K. Scott Brady, Michael P. TI Materials in clean power systems: Applications, status and challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov; scott.weil@pnl.gov; bradymp@ornl.gov OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 16 SI SI BP 3609 EP 3609 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.039 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 238QS UT WOS:000251463200001 ER PT J AU Wright, IG Gibbons, TB AF Wright, I. G. Gibbons, T. B. TI Recent developments in gas turbine materials and technology and their implications for syngas firing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials in Clean Power Systems held at the 2006 TMS Annual Conference and Exposition CY 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS DE sygas-fired gas turbines; gas turbine materials issues ID SCALE ADHESION; COATINGS; PREDICTION; CREEP; CDM AB Gas turbine combined-cycle systems burning natural gas represent a reliable and efficient power generation technology that is widely used. A critical factor in their development was the rapid adaptation of aero-engine technology (single crystal airfoils, sophisticated cooling techniques, and thermal barrier coatings) in order to operate at the high rotor-inlet temperatures required for high efficiency generation. Early reliability problems have been largely overcome, so that this type of power generation system is now considered to be a mature technology capable of achieving high levels of availability. Current interest in replacing natural gas with gas derived from coal (syngas or hydrogen) in these gas turbine systems focuses attention on implications for the critical turbine components. In this paper, the development requirements for materials for critical hot gas-path parts in large gas turbines burning coal-derived syngas fuels are briefly considered in the context of the state-of-the-art in materials for engines burning natural gas. It is shown that, despite some difficult design issues, many of the materials used in current engines will be applicable to units burning syngas. However, there is the potential that the durability of some components may be prejudiced because of differences in the combustion environment (especially in terms of water vapor content, and possibly sulfur compounds and particulates). Consequently, effort to develop improved coatings to resist erosion and also attack by S-containing compounds may be necessary. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, IG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wrightig@ornl.gov NR 43 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2007 VL 32 IS 16 SI SI BP 3610 EP 3621 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.049 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 238QS UT WOS:000251463200002 ER EF